The setup of heuristics and metaheuristics, that is, the fine-tuning of their parameters, exercises a great influence in both the solution process, and in the quality of results of optimization problems. The search for the best fit of these algorithms is an important task and a major research challenge in the field of metaheuristics. The fine-tuning process requires a robust statistical approach, in order to aid in the process understanding and also in the effective settings, as well as an efficient algorithm which can summarize the search process. This paper aims to present an approach combining design of experiments (DOE) techniques and racing algorithms to improve the performance of different algorithms to solve classical optimization problems. The results comparison considering the default metaheuristics and ones using the settings suggested by the fine-tuning procedure will be presented. Broadly, the statistical results suggest that the fine-tuning process improves the quality of solutions for different instances of the studied problems. Therefore, by means of this study it can be concluded that the use of DOE techniques combined with racing algorithms may be a promising and powerful tool to assist in the investigation, and in the fine-tuning of different algorithms. However, additional studies must be conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.


Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) can be used to quantify the internal flow variables of xylem conducting vessels. This study aims to analyze through numerical simulations the xylem water ascent of African mahogany (Khayagrandifoliola) cultivated under different irrigation regimes. We determined a geometric model, defined through the variability of the anatomical structures of the species, observing characteristics of the xylem vessels such as diameter, length, number of pits, and average surface area of the pits. Then we applied numerical simulation through an Eulerian mathematical model with the discretization of volumes via CFD. Compared to other models, we observed that numerical simulation using CFD represented the xylem microstructures in a greater level of detail, contributing to the understanding of the flow of xylem vessels and the interference of its various structures. Analyzing the micrographs, we observed the non-irrigated vessels had a higher number of pits in the secondary wall thickening when compared to the irrigated treatments. This trend influenced the variability of the radial flow of the xylem vessels, causing greater fluid movement in this region and decreasing the influence of the smooth part of the wall, resulting in a lower total resistance of these vessels.


In order to determine the effectiveness of the mudstone cap—rocks in the southeast Sichuan basin, both hydrocarbon generation histories of source rocks and sealing histories of the mudstone cap—rocks are reconstructed. The results show that the sealing function of the Cambrian mudstone formed earlier than the onset of gas generation of the Sinian source rock and its maximum displacement pressure was as high as 26 MPa at the end of the Late Cretaceous. Writers, therefore, consider that the Cambrian mudstone was of effective sealing function with respect to the Sinian source rock before Late Cretaceous. Similarly, the Permian and Triassic mudstone cap—rocks were also of effective sealing function before being drastically exhumed or uplifted in the late tectonic events. However, the Silurian mudstone cap—rock was less effective in sealing the gas generated by the Cambrian source rock though its maximum sealing capacity (displacement pressure =16 MPa) is powerful enough to seal high pressure gas reservoir at the end of the Late Cretaceous.


The aim of this work is the improvement of the cam design for automotive valve trains. A constrained optimization problem is defined, using the control points of the cam profile, which is represented by harmonic splines, as design variables. Additionally to the optimization problem the advantages of the calculation of sensitivity information using direct or adjoint methods are determined. The valve train model is defined by a multi body system containing discontinuities due to the loss of contact between two consecutive components of the valve train. The objective function is to maximize the area below the valve lift, which has a great influence on the gas flow. Constraints for dynamic force, the valve opening and closing phase and the valve lift based on the engine's thermodynamics considerations are taken into account. Furthermore some constraints for the geometric coordinates of the control points of the cam profile must be imposed.Copyright © 2005 by ASME


In this letter, we propose a scheme of metasurface-combined absorptive frequency selective structure (AFSS) providing low-frequency scattering, broadband transparent window, and high-frequency absorption. Composed of a coding metasurface and a composite AFSS, the proposed frequency selective structure is constructed in a 3-D configuration. The composite AFSS loads blade array plasmonics structure and exciting spoof surface plasmon polaritons on planar periodic resonators. Furthermore, the coding metasurface above the AFSS provides a phase gradient for scattering diffusion in low frequency. We fabricate a prototype as the verification of the proposed approach. The simulated and experimental demonstration manifests the feasibility with a copolarized transmission band from 8 to 13.5 GHz with 1 dB insertion loss and a less than −10 dB reflection ranges 1.5–3.2, 8–13.5, and 16–22 GHz.


On the basis of the PMSM vector control principle each module using matlab/simulink is modeled and simulated,through organic integration,and the the entire control system model is built.By adjusting diffrent parameters,an ideal output waveform is obtained and the rationality of vector control is verified.


Abstract : Energy cost is an essential input to heat strain prediction models. Deficiencies exist, however, in the energy cost of performing physically demanding tasks while operating in MOPP 4 conditions. To evaluate the energy cost of soldiers wearing MOPP 4, approximately 10 men and 10 women performed 42 physical tasks (e.g. load carriage, litter carriage, lift and carry, lift only, etc.) ranging in intensity from 10% to 80% of maximal oxygen uptake. Soldiers performed each task in both MOFP 0 and MOP? 4 conditions. MOPP 4 significantly increased the oxygen uptake in 29 of 42 tasks ( increases from 7% to 26%) and in 23 of 36 tasks for women (increases from 5% to 29%) compared to MOP? 0. Also, as the degree of task mobility increased, the effect of MOP? 4 increased, i.e., tasks which showed the greatest increases in oxygen uptake were those requiring continuous mobility (e.g. load carriage). Gender differences in oxygen uptake with MOP? 4 were only seen for tasks requiring continuous mobility where women increased to a greater degree than men. It is concluded that the marked increase in energy cost with MOP? 4 is attributable to the weight and/or hobbling effect of the clothing, and for tasks requiring mobility of the body across a distance, the effect is greater in women than men.


Public authorities are exploring new ways to collaborate with non-governmental – public and private – actors. Recently, authorities increasingly seem to opt to facilitate the initiatives of these actors. Not much is yet known about what facilitating authorities actually do, what their struggles and successes are, and with what effects they facilitate non-governmental initiatives. This research aims to answer the question: Why, how, and with what effects do governments facilitate the actions of non-governmental actors to create public value? This question is answered by conducting five in-depth studies of cases in which Dutch water authorities facilitate, or aim to facilitate, non-governmental initiatives. The initiatives are taken by private actors and by an NGO.

The difficulties and dilemmas that facilitating authorities face are analysed, just as the way they can deal with these. Different forms of government facilitation are distinguished. Furthermore, the dynamics of government facilitation are studied and several success factors are set out. The picture that emerges from this study of the facilitating government is one of a seeking and a struggling government; a government that feels the need to do things differently, tries to do things differently, encounters significant barriers and dilemmas in doing this, and in reaction sometimes sees no other solution than to revert to familiar ways of working. The research results add some footnotes to the optimistic, uncomplicated, and unambiguous image of government facilitation that emerges from governments' discourse and some of the literature.

This dissertation can be useful for authorities that aim to facilitate non-governmental initiatives, for societal actors that aim to take such initiatives, and for scholars that study or want to learn more about new forms of collaboration between public authorities and non-governmental actors.


This manuscript presents my contributions in three areas of multiple testing where data heterogeneity can be exploited to better detect false null hypotheses or improve signal detection while controlling false positives: p-value weighting, discrete tests, and post hoc inference. First, a new class of data-driven weighting procedures, incorporating group structure and true null proportion estimators, is defined, and its False Discovery Rate (FDR) control is proven asymptotically. This procedure also achieves power optimality under some conditions on the proportion estimators. Secondly, new step-up and step-down procedures, tailored for discrete tests under independence, are designed to control the FDR for arbitrary p-value null marginals. Finally, new confidence bounds for post hoc inference (called post hoc bounds), tailored for the case where the signal is localized, are studied, and the associated optimal post hoc bounds are derived with a simple algorithm.


A basic characterization of field emitters is usually realized in a standard UHV chamber equipped with appropriate pumps. Their high pumping speed and the remote location of the vacuum gauge prevents the monitoring of small pressure changes during the operation of a field emitter. In most potential applications, the field emitter is supposed to run in a small sealed device, where the local pressure is frequently unknown and its influence on the device's lifetime is often underestimated. A small glass envelope equipped with a miniature ion-getter (IG) pump, spinning rotor gauge (SRG), and a cathodoluminescent screen, was prepared to study the influence of the field emitter on the residual atmosphere. This was monitored via the discharge current of the miniature IG pump, previously calibrated in situ by the SRG. Single-crystalline nanoparticles deposited onto molybdenum needles were used as field emitters. The initial pressure in a well outgassed envelope was in the UHV range, but its increase for almost th...


Corporate Governance is a complex process through which the companies are directed and controlled. The purpose of corporate governance is to facilitate effective, entrepreneurial and prudent management that can deliver the long-term success of the company. Moreover the overall success and failure of the banking system depends upon the corporate governance principles and procedures applied in the banks. There are various guidelines which together make up the combine code for the corporate governance policies in the bank. The fact that the corporate governance is different in financial sectors than that of the non-financial sectors is because that the financial firms pose greater risk to the economy than that of the non-financial firms. This study aims to present the corporate governance principles and policies in the banking organisations in UK with special emphasis on the role of the board in these banks. For this purpose the two banks selected as a case study are the Lloyd's bank and the Co-operative bank. The role and responsibilities of the board and the committees are explored and discussed in this research.


Abstract We present ESR results obtained on highly doped polyacetylene and polyphenylene which bring some light on the magnetic and electronic properties of these systems, which are commonly assimilated to metals. We analyze the existing experimental data in terms of coexistence of Curie and Pauli type behaviours, and we show that ESR in the metallic state can be used to gain information on the dynamic properties of the electronic system.


The comparative estimation of diagnostic possibilities of the ultrasound sonocontrast hysteroscopy and diagnostic hysteroscopy, in examining the state of scar on uterus in remote terms after cesarean section is given. The ultrasound sonocontrast hysteroscopy makes it possible to estimate the state of scar on uterus, the real thickness of anterior wall in scar site, iniches-like myometrium defects, their depth and localizations. The method is rather simple, it is peformed in out patient clinic. The hysteroscopy is most effective in the diagnosis of hyperplastic processes, connective tissue vegetations in scar site, Both methods are of great diagnostic value.


This conversation with the author Neera Kapur-Dromson took place in Nairobi, Kenya, on 9th March 2018 during filming of the documentary film 'Afrasian Memories in East Africa' in which Neera Kapur-Dromson features. Neera Kapur-Dromson lives in France and Kenya. She is the author of the book 'From Jhelum to Tana'. Here, Neera-Kapur Dromson reflects upon transregional interactions across the Indian Ocean as a memory space through life histories of various generations of her ancestors, various actors within the cosmopolitanisms of the Indian Ocean and her own experiences. She discusses how specific Indian Ocean societies experienced, were shaped by and negotiated multiple transformations related but not limited to nation-state politics, transoceanic trade, citizenship politics, colonial railway projects, identity politics, religion and transculturality as migrations, colonialism, and resultant interactions occurred across time and space. Her discussion visualises and demystifies the emergence of entangled Afrasian transregional spaces within the complexity of cosmopolitan societies across the Indian Ocean. The film was part of an international research project at Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany, titled Africa's Asian Options (AFRASO). It was launched during an AFRASO symposium titled "Afrasian Entanglements: Current Dynamics and Future Perspectives in India-Africa Relations" at the University of Mumbai in June 2018.


The article states the effectiveness of the phenomenological method in solving a wide range of current problems of modern socioculture, both applied and theoretical. It is substantiated that in intentional acts of consciousness the surrounding world acts as a boundary of subjectivity, as a correlate of intentional transformations of interaction of consciousness with the world. Differentiation of communicative and compregensive experience produces the necessary grounds for the interpretation of culture as a mechanism of formation in the mind of the spatial and semantic perspective of perception and understanding of the world. Based on this disposition, we have the opportunity to distinguish between the universality of ways of "capturing" the world, or the metaphysical plan of culture, and its paradigm, or historical and social conditionality. In the dialectic of these dimensions there is a dynamic of the existence of a universal horizon of subjectivity.Key words: culture, subjectivity, intentionality, communicative experience, compregensive experience, reflection.


Clemens Wilmenrod, released what was to be the first of several bestselling cookbooks: Es liegt mir auf der Zunge.1 True to the pattern of his remarkably successful television show, the cookbook was an entertaining mixture of paeans to the pleasures of food, lighthearted repartee, and recipes requiring little culinary skill and a willingness to embrace novelty—traits exemplified in his most famous creation: Toast Hawaii, a combination of pre-sliced white bread, ham, cheese, and that most infamous of postwar foods, canned pineapple. Wilmenrod provides his readers, however, with more than just tips on how to whip up tasty hors d'œuvres or guarantee a deflation-proof soufflé; he also instructs his readership on the significance of personal cooking and eating habits within the context of a new Federal Republic. He casts his own autobiographical transformation from an impoverished young man during the war into a prosperous and happy chef as a metaphor for the (re)birth of West Germany after the horrors of war and the ignominy of Allied occupation. In accordance with popular memory, Wilmenrod claims not the founding of the FRG itself but rather the 1948 currency reform as the beginning of a new and delicious life for his beloved nation:


Abstract : Mechanical properties and deformation characteristics are very closely linked to the underlying microstructure of a material. As the grain size of a metal is pushed to ultrafine (1000 nm) and nano (100 nm) length-scales, there is often a fundamental shift in the deformation mechanisms of these materials. In particular, tungsten and tungsten alloys have been shown to deform by shear localization as opposed to stable plastic flow when their grain size approaches 100 nm. While this failure mechanism is not ideal for many structural applications, it does provide an opportunity for improving the ballistic performance of tungsten in kinetic energy penetrator applications. This report analyzes the deformation characteristics of bulk, ultrafine grained tungsten and tungsten alloys produced via a powder metallurgy. In addition to grain size, the ability to shear localize is a strongly dependent on the overall ductility of the material. This research represents the first bulk demonstration of shear localization in a high density (18 cm3) tungsten based alloy tested in the as-sintered state.


The invention discloses a kind of block chain to show marketable securities circulation method, the step of the method is: S1, build the block chain marketable securities system for the distribution of commodities;S2, client log in the marketable securities system for the distribution of commodities;S3, client is divided into disburser and the person of being paid for, the marketable securities information from the marketable securities person of being paid for is generated described electronic negotiable valency security;And generate corresponding electronic negotiable instrument with the securities information from disburser for the person of being paid for selected by described;The individual block chain information that S4, reception are associated with the described person of being paid for;And utilize described individual block chain information by described block chain marketable securities negotiation network transmit the message to described selected by the person of being paid for the availability of electronic negotiable valency security described in the person of being paid for described in notifying.S5, complete transaction.


Worms are becoming a potential threat to Internet users across the globe. The financial damages due to computer worms increased significantly in past few years. Analyzing these hazardous worm attacks has become a crucial issue to be addressed. Given the fact that worm analysts would prefer to analyze classes of worms rather than individual files, their task will be significantly reduced. In this paper, we have proposed a dynamic host--based worm categorization approach to segregate worms. These groups indicate that worm samples constitute different behavior according to their infection and anti--detection vectors. Our proposed approach utilizes system--call traces and computes a distance matrix using Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) algorithm to form these groups. In conjunction to that, the proposed approach also discriminates worm and benign executables. The constructed model is further evaluated with unknown instances of real--world worms.


Thrombocytopenia or platelet deficiency is a condition, in which platelet level in the blood circulation is below normal, which is less than 150,000 cells/µl. Thrombocytopenia is classified into some conditions, including decreased platelet production, increased need for platelets, and other thrombocytopenia. The need for increased platelets can be subdivided into primary immune thrombocytopenia, secondary immune thrombocytopenia, non-primary ITP, and thrombocytopenia that are not immune-mediated. Several cytokines play a role in the process of thrombocytopenia, one of which is Interleukin-17 (IL-17) that will be further discussed in this study. A previous study reported that IL-17 production increased in ITP and cITP patients. The objective of this study was to analyze the IL-17 levels and figure out the differences in IL-17 levels in the serums of patients with primary ITP and secondary ITP. The samples were taken from Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital and the specimens were examined in the Research Unit Laboratory of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Hasanuddin/Hospital of Universitas Hasanuddin. The comparative test resulted in p-value = 0.005, where p


This study examines the knowledge gap effect and the moderating role of multitasking in the context of consumers' knowledge gain from advertising. Based on the knowledge gap hypothesis, it is expected that the gap in knowledge between high and low education groups increases as a function of media publicity. Specifically, we predict a larger gap in knowledge between the two groups when media publicity is high rather than low. In addition, we tested whether this knowledge gap effect is moderated by two common types of multitasking (TV-Internet and TV-print multitasking). The results suggest that the knowledge gap effect increased among heavy TV-Internet multitaskers, whereas it did not among light TV-Internet multitaskers. The results suggest that the higher education group who frequently engage in TV-Internet multitasking are more likely to learn from advertising messages.


The invention is suitable for the information processing field, and provides an anti-interference method and apparatus. The method comprises: determining the collection frequency of a signal to be processed different from the frequency of an interference signal according to the frequency of the interference signal determined in advance; according to the collection frequency, collecting signals to be processed to obtain values of the signals to be processed; and according to the values of the signals to be processed and the mean of the values of the signals to be processed collected before and after the collection of the values of the signals to be processed, obtaining processed signals. According to the invention, the collection frequency different from the frequency of interference signals is employed, thereby preventing the interference signals from repeatedly influencing signal collection; the signals of the collected signals in a certain time domain are averaged, and form processed signals together with the signals to be processed, thereby effectively avoiding interference signal influence.


A system comprising a low cost radar antenna along with a high resolution processing display unit (ARPA), a PC with an INTEL 80486 processor along with the suitable data processing software for presentation and storage reasons is presented. The system is considered suitable for areas of medium traffic density. The designers work focused on the development of the software which would be able to process the data received by an ARPA system so that information regarding monitored vessels could be registered into a database and other control operations could be facilitated. The system can provide information on any vessel which has been registered in the database and historical data can be reproduced on screen.


According to the System Theory and the requirement in the oil depot area, combined with the application integration of OA, HSE, GIS system, the article describes The Security emergency command system in oil depot. It may realize the HSE management information, the visualization and integration conformity of the storehouse district security hardware, therefore, it is very important to improve the emergency command ability and safety management of the oil depot area.


A new method of observing the rotational transitions of weak molecular complexes by combining the techniques of microwave Fourier transform spectroscopy, a Fabry–Perot cavity, and a pulsed nozzle source of molecules is described. High resolution and good sensitivity are achieved. Twelve isotopic species of the KrHCl molecule involving all combinations of the 86Kr, 84Kr, 82Kr, H, D, 35Cl, and 37Cl isotopes are assigned and the rotational constants, Cl nuclear quadrupole coupling constants, and centrifugal distortion constants are all given. The molecular structure indicates a linear equilibrium structure with the H(D) atom between the Kr and Cl atoms. However, the inverse moments of inertia measured here indicate large amplitude vibrations of the H(D) atom relative to the Kr–Cl internuclear line. Estimates of the Kr–Cl stretching frequency and force constants, which show considerable dependence on the isotopic species, are also given. Bending frequencies and force constants are also given.


Accessible online at: http://BioMedNet.com/karger Dear Sir, Contrast media (CM) are well-recognized nephrotoxic agents and a leading cause of hospital-acquired acute renal failure (ARF). Clinical and experimental studies suggest that mechanisms of contrast medium nephrotoxicity include direct cellular toxicity and intrarenal vasoconstriction [1]. Recent data have shown that the injury to the vascular endothelium contributes to the intrarenal vasoconstriction associated with ARF. Endothelial dysfunction leads to an imbalance between potent vasoconstrictor endothelin (ET) and endothelium-derived vasodilator nitric oxide (NO) production [2]. We have previously reported on the significant elevation of plasma ET-1 concentration in a group of patients with chronic glomerulonephritis after CM infusion compared to the preinfusion period and to ET-1 concentration healthy controls [3]. It has recently been shown that inhibition of NO synthesis prior to intrarenal CM administration in the rat potentiates the functional (decrease of creatinine clearance) and histological (induction of necrosis) effects of CM. These effects were reversed by the NO physiological precursor L-arginine [4]. There are data about the protective effects of calcium antagonists on CM-induced ARF and the important role of calcium in the NO synthesis [5, 6]. The aim of our study was to evaluate whether NO synthesis in the acute nephrotoxic responses to CM could be enhanced by simultaneous administration of verapamil. A morphologically confirmed model of ARF was induced by intravenous high-osmolar CM (diatrizoate) injection in Wistar rats. The process of NO formation in the kidney and liver was monitored by the intensity of the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) signal due to mononitrosyl iron complex (MNIC) formation with exogenous diethyldithiocarbamate (500 mg/kg) recorded in the tissues [7]. Studies were performed on three groups of animals: group I (control) was given the injection of isotonic saline; group II received CM (10 mg/kg) and group III received both CM and calcium channel blocker verapamil (1.5 mg/kg). The level of serum creatinine, GFR, renal blood volume, plasma electrolytes, fractional excretion of sodium, plasma renin activity, serum vasopressin and aldosterone levels and NO formation were determined before and 48 h after CM injection. The data 48 h after injection indicate that in this model of ARF, verapamil prevented the rise in serum creatinine: group I 98.1 B 9.9 Ìmol/l (1.09 B 0.11 mg/dl); group II 261 B 45 Ìmol/l (2.86 B 0.5 mg/dl) and group III 108.9 B 7.2 Ìmol/l (1.21 B 0.08 mg/dl); protected renal blood volume 0.293 B 0.5, 0.161 B 0.1 and 0.263 B 0.04 ml/g in groups I and II and III, respectively; GFR 0.9 B 0.02, 0.60 B 0.04 and 0.86 B 0.09 ml/min/100 g in groups I, II, III respectively, and also prevented the decrease of NO synthesis in kidney and liver tissues; in kidney –5.4 B 1.3, 3.1 B 0.9 and 7.2 B 2.9 ng/g in groups I, II and III respectively; in liver 98 B 12, 62 B 12 and 110 B 32 ng/g in groups I, II and III respectively. The results of this investigation suggested that high-osmolar CM induce an increase of renal vascular resistance by decreasing the production of endogenous NO. The protective effect of verapamil that was shown may be related to normalization of calcium-dependent NO synthase activity [4]. There are few data about the direct and indirect determination in kidney tissues of this powerful mediator in ARF due to CM. Our data show that EPR is a reliable method of NO detection in tissues.


This paper aims to measure the level of innovation and learning beekeeping businesses that are part of the Local Productive Arrangement of beekeeping in Northeast of Para and to identify the factors that influence the level of innovation and learning of these beekeepers. An index was developed and used to measure the level of innovation and learning. To identify the determinants, the quantile regression model was used. The results show that the vast majority of the beekeeping companies exhibit low level of innovation and learning, with the indicators related to the external source of information and introduction of innovations contributed the most to the composition of the index and the other sources of information showed the worst result. In addition, it is concluded, that the level of schooling, the number of populated hives, participation and knowledge about a program or specific actions for the beekeeping sector promoted by the federal government exerted positive effect on level of innovation and learning of beekeepers in all quantiles evaluated.


The Yukian Language Family By Marie-Alice Schlichter A.B. (University of California) 1976 M.A. (University of California) 1978 DISSERTATION Submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in Linguistics in the GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY _ V Approved: ..±A€ ' i Chairman rSLAJ L "N \........ ^ ...;..... 'J' 1 R eproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.


A common scenario of Multilingual Neural Machine Translation (MNMT) is that each translation task arrives in a sequential manner, and the training data of previous tasks is unavailable. In this scenario, the current methods suffer heavily from catastrophic forgetting (CF). To alleviate the CF, we investigate knowledge distillation based life-long learning methods. Specifically, in one-to-many scenario, we propose a multilingual distillation method to make the new model (stu-dent) jointly learn multilingual output from old model (teacher) and new task. In many-to-one scenario, we find that direct distillation faces the extreme partial distillation problem, and we propose two different methods to address it: pseudo input distillation and reverse teacher distillation. The experimental results on twelve translation tasks show that the proposed methods can better consolidate the previous knowledge and sharply alleviate the CF.


We study whether heterogeneity in pay‐performance sensitivities (PPS) across top management team (TMT) members influences audit fees. Evidence from current literature reveals that the heterogeneity in PPS among TMT affects TMT managers' motivation to coordinate their activities to manipulate earnings. Since the quality of earnings lowers auditors' financial reporting risk, we posit that audit fees will be lower when dispersion in the PPS among TMT is high. We demonstrate that audit fees are negatively linked with dispersion in PPS among TMT members. This finding is robust to numerous sensitivity testing. Overall, our findings suggest that firms benefit from the heterogeneity in PPS among TMT members in the form of lower audit fees.


Fault diagnosis of a wind turbine gearbox is im- portant to extend the wind turbine system's reliability and useful life. Vibration signals from a gearbox are usually noisy. As a re- sult, it is difficult to find early symptoms of a potential failure in a gearbox. A novel method based on adaptive Morlet wavelet filter for the crack tooth of wind turbine gearbox is presented. In the proposed method, the first step is to optimize the parameters in the Morlet wavelet function based on the kurtosis maximiza- tion principle and then use it to filter the gearbox fault resonance features to extract the impulse features; the next step, an aver- aged autocorrelation spectrum is adopted to highlight the impul- sive characteristics related to crack tooth conditions. The per- formance of this proposed technique is examined by the collected signals corresponding to crack tooth conditions. Test results show that this technique is an effective method in detection of symp- toms from vibration signals of a gearbox with early fatigue tooth crack.


Sensor data fusion is recognized as a means to improve target tracking.Common practice assumes that the sensors used are synchronous.Such assumptions are invalid in practice.This paper deals with removing such assumptions when con-sidering the multi-sensor target tracking case.In particular,it assumes that the sensors used can have different data rates and communication delays between sensor platforms and central platform.A two level processing approach is taken with both fir-st and second processing levels in this paper.The solution is based on a distributed approach;the fusion process can occur at any time in the interval between a fusion interval.


Approximately one third of all non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients present with unresectable locally advanced stage III disease. The treatment of these patients remains one of the major challenges of contemporary oncology. During the past three decades, gradual progress has been made in the curative-intent treatment. In the 80-ies, these patients were treated with radiotherapy as a single modality, resulting in a median overall survival (OS) of about 10 months. In a landmark trial in early 90ies, it became clear that adding cisplatinbased chemotherapy to radiotherapy improved median OS from approximately 10 to 14 months (1). Subsequent studies established that concurrent delivery of both modalities further improved median OS by an additional 4 months to 18 months, compared with sequential delivery, which corresponded to an absolute 4.5% gain in 5-year OS to 15.1% (2). Based on these results, the concurrent delivery of 60 Gy of chest radiation and two cycles of cisplatin-based doublet chemotherapy is our current standard of care for fit patients with unresectable stage III NSCLC (3).


The invention provides an ion exchange method for a molecular sieve. The method comprises the steps that: molecular sieve serum is in contact with a cation exchange resin; a cation A is positioned at the cation position of the cation exchange resin; a cation B is positioned at the cation position of the molecular sieve; the cation A and the cation B are one or more cations; the type of the cation A and the type of the cation B are incompletely identical; and the contact condition of the molecular sieve serum and the cation exchange resin ensures that at least part of the cation B at the cation position on the molecular sieve is replaced by the other cation of the cation A. Compared with the prior art, the ion exchange method solves the problem that the discharge of the waste liquid during the ion exchange of the molecular sieve causes pollution to the environment, solves the problem of difficulty in cleaning and filtering of small-sized molecular sieve, greatly reduces water consumption and recycles water, saves water resource and reduces the costs.


This document defines new IPv6 Operations and Management (OAM)
capabilities. In order to support these new capabilities, this
document defines an IPv6 OAM Option and an ICMPv6 OAM message.


1. A method for preventing or reducing the coagulation of protein present in the nutritional composition in the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract of the subject, comprising the additional incorporation in said nutritional composition belka.2 anticoagulant. The method of claim 1, wherein the nutritional composition comprises at least 25 wt.% Protein-coagulating protein to the total weight of the composition and at least 5 wt.% Anticoagulant protein of the total weight of protein in kompozitsii.3. A method according to claim 1 or 2, comprising administering said nutritional composition to said subektu.4. A method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the nutritional composition comprises from 25 to 95 wt.% Of the coagulating protein to the total weight of protein in the composition and 5 to 75 wt.% Anticoagulant protein of the total weight of protein in kompozitsii.5. A method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the coagulating protein is a milk protein, preferably kazeinat.6. A method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the anticoagulant protein is a pea protein or soy protein, or oba.7. A method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the subject is a person, said person is preferably selected from the group consisting of complications of human gastrointestinal tract, human digestive human problems which may benefit from the food easily digestible, hospitalized patients, a man in a state of the disease, a person who is recovering from the disease, a person with malnutrition, child, infant and child preschool vozrasta.8. A method according to claim 1 or 2 wherein the nutritional composition is administered, or it is a nutritional composition for enteral administration pitaniya.9. A method according to claim 1 or 2, r


We provide an experimental surface phase diagram (surface termination versus chemical oxygen potential) of $\ensuremath{\alpha}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}(0001)$ using a natural single crystal surface. In a partial reduction reoxidation cycle, we observe a sequence from oxygen-, to ferryl-, and again oxygen-terminated surfaces, in better agreement with recent density functional theory in the generalized gradient approximation calculations than with calculations taking into account on-site $\mathrm{Fe}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}3d$ Coulomb repulsion. The nonreversible change in surface termination is accompanied by the formation of basal twins, which act as a sink for the extra Fe ions during the surface transformation processes.


How do state-business relations interact with outward investment in authoritarian regimes? This article focuses on the importance of domestic political status and specifically business' vulnerability to the state in explaining the dynamics of China's outward investments. I present three types of domestic capital whose economic and political logics differ as they go abroad: tactical capital pursues political power and prestige, competitive capital pursues commercial goals, and crony capital seeks refuge from the state and asset expatriation. The Chinese regime's approach to outward investment, which I characterize as mobilization campaigns adjusted over time and combined with targeted domestic regulation, endeavors to treat these different kinds of capital differently, deploying and disciplining tactical capital, enabling competitive capital, and constraining crony capital.


Rolling piston type rotary compressors are widely used in air-conditioning systems at present, for they have many advantages such as small size、light weight、high performance and fewer parts so on. In addition, other strong-points including low beginning-current and efficient energy-saving are paid more attention to. In this paper by experiment at variable speeds, the changing tendency of the refrigeration capacity, indicated power and COP was obtained. At the time Influences of cut angle in indicated power, COP and discharge temperature is studied in details, too.


The causes of prostate cancer are little understood, but the observation that breast and prostate cancers cluster within families led to the hypothesis that BRCA1 mutations might confer susceptibility to both diseases. A new study, which sequenced the BRCA1 gene from patients with prostate cancer in the UK, has found that men with deleterious mutations in the gene are almost four times as likely to have the disease compared with the general population—equivalent to an 8·6% cumulative risk by the age of 65 years. Zsofi a Kote-Jarai (Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK), one of the study's co-authors, said that while previous research had provided confl icting evidence on the link, this study is "the largest analysis to date of the contribution of BRCA1 mutations to prostate cancer", adding that their results "confi rmed that although carriers of germline BRCA1 mutations represent a modest proportion of overall prostate cancer cases, these individuals are at moderately increased risk of developing prostate cancer". The investigators sequenced BRCA1 in 886 patients recruited from the UK Genetic Prostate Cancer Study, with the selection enriched for cases with early age of onset. They identifi ed four deleterious mutations, three of which were in patients younger than 65 years at onset. 460 cases were also screened for large-scale rearrangements, although none were found in the sample. Although Kote-Jarai believes that it is not yet feasible to advocate routine BRCA1 screening for patients with early onset prostate cancer, their fi ndings "may have implications for the monitoring and management of male BRCA1 carriers identifi ed through familial breast cancer studies".


Background: Inorganic arsenic is a human carcinogen that can target the liver, but its carcinogenic mechanisms are still unknown. Inorganic arsenic induces a spectrum of tumors including hepatocellular carcinoma in mice. Methods: Pregnant C3H mice were supplied with drinking water containing 50 ppm sodium arsenite during their pregnancy. The protein expression profile in the liver of 0.5-day-old male offsprings exposed transplacentally to sodium arsenite was analyzed using protein 2D gel electrophoresis followed by mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF). Results: Expression of proteins such as hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase mitochondrial precursor (HMG-CoA synthase), β-actin (cytoplasmic 1) and apolipoprotein A-IV precursor (Apo-AIV) were induced in mouse liver by sodium arsenite, while uricase (urate oxidase), guanine nucleotidebinding protein beta subunit 2-like 1 (RACK1) and fructose-bisphosphate aldolase B (Aldolase 2) were downregulated. Summary: Expression of proteins that have been implicated in carcinogenesis, such as HMG-CoA, β-actin, and RACK1, was regulated in the liver of mice transplacentally exposed to inorganic arsenic.


Purpose – This paper aims to undertake a content analysis of extant definitions of "innovation" as a basis for proposing an integrative definition of organizational "innovation".Design/methodology/approach – A literature review was used to generate a representative pool of definitions of organizational innovation, including definitions from the different disciplinary literatures of economics, innovation and entrepreneurship, business and management, and technology, science and engineering. A content analysis of these definitions was conducted in order to surface the key attributes mentioned in the definitions, and to profile the descriptors used in relation to each attribute.Findings – The key attributes in the paper present in definitions were identified as: nature of innovation; type of innovation; stages of innovation, social context; means of innovation; and aim of innovation. These attributes are defined, descriptors assigned to them, and both a diagrammatic definition and a textual definition of org...


This study proposes a millimeter-wave(mm-wave) signal point to point communication system using frequency quadrupling technique, generation and transmission of 40 GHz mm-wave signal over fiber and in air are successfully experimentally demonstrated.


Nowadays, when we talk about democracy and civil society, it is simply impossible to imagine it without freedom of speech and expression. The right of the human to express any thought in any manner is of great importance to the democratic society. Speech is used to express thoughts and opinions. When people face limitations in speech, they face limitations in thoughts. Certain ideas cannot reach their minds because they do not know about their existence. Freedom of speech is often considered as liberty and primary principle of a fullfledged society. It's an individual right, which is to be available to everyone. Freedom of
speech takes special place in democratic countries. Freedom is an integral part of democratic society and in this case it is considered as a positive right, but it does not exist in its absolute form all the time. There are certain restrictions on the freedom of speech and expression,
especially when it crosses the border into hate speech. The theme of this paper is just for distinguishing the moment of crossing the border in free expression. Also, since we are living in a democratic society, we should behave that way. Therefore, it is necessary to recognize and avoid hate speech, to behave responsibly, with dignity and with respect for anyone who is different from us, in any sense.


World Economic Climate worsened in July - Economic expectations became less optimistic - Inflation in 2002 expected to slow down - Short- and long-term interest rates expected to rise less than according to spring survey - Euro expected to strenghten further - Business needs to convey a positive image at Johannesburg summit


Environmental magnetic applications to topsoil have proved useful for investigating roadside pollution. However, such magnetic monitoring has been avoided in volcanic regions due to the high magnetic content in volcanic ash. Environmental magnetic studies are reported for the volcanically active Mt. Hakusan National Park in Japan. In‐field magnetic susceptibility measurements along the park's major road show higher magnetic susceptibilities in topsoils within 1.5 m from the roadside. However, laboratory mass susceptibility measurements fail to show a similar susceptibility trend to the field measurements. Based on rock magnetic analyses, the major magnetic mineral is pseudosingle‐ to multidomain (MD) magnetite that is both increased in abundance in MD and oxidized magnetite near the roadside, indicating that passing vehicles are evidently the main pollutant source. Therefore, even in an active volcanic region where magnetic susceptibility may not be an efficient tool, detailed magnetic measurements can provide the basis for the discrimination of roadside pollution.


Today's world is one with increasing online access to services. One part of this which is growing rapidly is Internet Banking. Internet banking refers to systems that enable bank customers to access accounts and general information on bank products and services through a personal computer (PC) or other intelligent devices. Though a large volume of literature is accessible on E-banking, this area is still a work in progress and offers a wide array of opportunities for further research and applications. This paper explores in detail about the e-banking services being offered by banks and the penetration level of it in the market. Since the topic is at the stage of development, a detailed literature review is being provided with special attention to benefits and risks associated with e-banking services. We hope that the conclusion drawn by this research will provide deep insight into the constitution of e-banking services and be a relevant source of information to those who are interested in e-banking. The paper likewise gives some future bearings to look into. 15


An analytical framework has been developed in order to enhance our ability to interrogate and understand the critical factors for successful union–community coalitions. The framework is then tested on a single case study, a campaign run by trade unions, parents and community groups engaged in opposing academisation of their community school. The framework helps structure analysis and aids evaluation of the impact of activists' choices on campaign outcomes.


Objectives: This study aims to determine the sales growth and firm size impact of the firm value, and the return on assets as the moderating variable. These independent variables are the sales growth and firm size, where the dependent variable is firm value. The objects of this study are the consumer goods companies which was listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange market from 2015 to 2020.Methodology: The amount of sample is ten consumer goods companies based on the purposive sampling technique. The research method is using SPSS application to run the regression analysis and which covered the descriptive statistics, classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression analysis, moderation regression analysis, and the hypotheses tests. The data of the study are normally distributed, free from multicollinearity and heteroscedasticity.Finding: The hypothesis results show that sales growth results have negative impact and not significant to the firm value; the total assets have positive impact and not significant on the firm value; sales growth and total assets have impact on the firm value which is not significant simultaneously. Investors have to be careful on investing in the company because if they are taking sales growth and firm size into the account to invest, this may make mistakes. The variable of ROA also cannot moderate the model. Conclusion: A company with high sales growth and large firm size does not guarantee to operate efficiently to generate profit and increase the firm value.


Rendering services in another jurisdiction generally do not create a Permanent Establishment under the basic rule of Article 5(1) because the service provider usually does not have a right of disposal over the premises of service recipient. Article 5(2)/(3) of some treaties contain special 'service PE' clause to tax services. Absent such clause, the taxability has to be tested under basic rule only and risk of PE creation arises because of 'Painter example' given in OECD Commentary which is widely criticised to have diluted PE threshold. Recently a South African court decision has even further diluted the threshold. In my recent article I have analysed OECD examples in the light of international jurisprudence and conclude that OECD Painter example is conceptually perfect and does not dilute the PE threshold while South African court decision does.


Disclosed in the embodiment of the invention is a fingerprint inputting and recording method. The method comprises: a fingerprint detection instruction is received and pre-stored sample fingerprint data are obtained, wherein the sample fingerprint data are subsets of a complete fingerprint data set; a fingerprint sensor collects target fingerprint data continuously; whether the collected target fingerprint data matches the sample fingerprint data is determined; if not, the collected target fingerprint data used as extended fingerprint data are cached and then the fingerprint sensor collects target fingerprint data continuously again; and if not, verification is done successfully and the cached extended fingerprint data are combined to the sample fingerprint data. In addition, the invention also discloses a fingerprint inputting and recording apparatus. With the method and apparatus, the inputting and recording process of sample fingerprint data is simplified, so that the operation convenience is improved.


[Objective]To understand the condition of sharp instrument injury among nursing staff,provide scientific basis for occupational protection.[Methods]A retrospective questionnaire was used to interview 104 nurses to investigate the sharp instrument injuries.[Results]For the 104 nurses investigated,364 cases of sharp-instrument-injury were reported,3.5 cases per person on average;94 of them have been injured by sharp instruments,accounting for 86.54%;One of them got infected by HBV due to injury by sharp instruments,accounting for 1.11%.[Conclusion]High sharp instrument injuries occurred in hospitals at district level were due to weak protective consciousness.Education on self protection must be given to the staff,protective measures must be developed,the report and monitoring system of occupational injuries should be set up.


The reason that Au(100) surfaces have exceptional activity toward the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline media has been a long-standing puzzle that remains unexplained. Theoretically, the ...


C/C-SiC composites were fabricated by molten silicon infiltration(MSI) to C/C preforms prepared by chemical vapor infiltration(CVI).The influences of adding Al in molten Si infiltrating agent on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the composites was studied.The results show that the composites fabricated by infiltrat-ing Si into C/C preforms contain SiC,C and residual Si phases.With the increasing of the amount of adding Al in the agent,the amount of Al phase in the composites increases and the amounts of other phases such as SiC and Si phase decrease.SiC phase distributes around the carbon fiber,and Si phase exists far away from the carbon fiber where there is nearly no Al phase.The bending strength and the fracture toughness increase with the increase of the amount of adding Al.When the amount of Al increases from 0 to 10%,the bending strength increases from 116.7MPa to 175.4MPa and the fracture toughness from 5.8MPa·m~(1/2)to 8.6MPa·m~(1/2),that is,by 50.3% and 48.2% respectively.The Al phase makes the fracture mechanism of the composite become toughness fracture.


glioma cells. Cell Stem Cell. 2010;6(2):41-52. 8. Hovinga KE, Shimizu F, Wang R, et al. Inhibition of Notch signaling in glioblastoma targets cancers stem cells via an endothelial cell intermediate. Stem Cells. 2010;28(6):1019-1029. 9. Zhu TS, Costello MA, Talsma CE, et al. Endothelial cells create a stem cell niche in glioblastoma by providing NOTCH ligands that nuture self-renewal of cancer stem-like cells. Cancer Res. 2011;71(18):6061-6072. 10. Bao S, Wu Q, Sathornsumetee S, et al. Stem cell-like glioma cells promote tumor angiogenesis through vascular endothelial growth factor. Cancer Res. 2006; 66(16):7843-7848. 11. Lobov IB, Renard RA, Papadopoulos N, et al. Delta-like ligand 4 (Dll4) is induced by VEGF as a negative regulator of angiogenic sprouting. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007;104(9):3219-3224. 12. Liu ZJ, Shirakawa T, Li Y, et al. Regulation of Notch1 and Dll4 by vascular endothelial growth factor in arterial endothelial cells: implications for modulating arteriogenesis and angiogenesis.Mol Cell Biol. 2003;23(1):14-25. 13. Noguera-Troise I, Daly C, Papadopoulos NJ, et al. Blockade of Dll4 inhibits tumour growth by promoting non-productive angiogenesis. Nature. 2006; 444(7122):1032-1037. 14. Hoey T, Yen WC, Axelrod F, et al. DLL4 blockade inhibits tumor growth and reduces tumorinitiating cell frequency. Cell Stem Cell. 2009;5(2): 168-177.


This paper presents a 3-axis electromagnetic confocal microscanner for real-time imaging of vertical/horizontal cross section (relative to tissue) of biological samples. The device incorporates a horizontal X-Y fiber raster scanning and an out-of-plane Z-axis lens actuator. The horizontal and vertical section image have a field-of-view (FOV) of 200 χ 200 μm2 at frame rates of 5 fps and 1 fps, respectively. 3D imaging was demonstrated by stacking X-Y cross section images at different depth. Onion epidermal peel and polymer microstructures were used to demonstrate the functionality of the microscanner


The purpose of this paper is to determine whether there is an incipient market in China strong enough to replace the global market for Chinese contemporary art. The (informal) market I have identified supports traditional methods of transaction and practice. It charts a course twixt slavish emulation of the past and unqualified acceptance of the present. To demonstrate the contemporary application of this trend, I introduce three case studies, which examine the attitude and behaviour of three Chinese artists active between 2005 and 2015. This period marks the transformation of China from an aspirant economic power to a self-confident advocate of Chinese values. The premise of this paper is that the China market today is moving towards a harmonious ideal rooted in Chinese thought. In the nineteenth-century art movement known as the Shanghai School, I have found a precedent for the evolutionary transformation of Chinese art from the traditional to the modern. This study will reveal how the Shanghai School market might be an exemplar for today's Chinese contemporary art market. I will refer to this historical model to show how conventional methods of creation, distribution and consumption can effectively be modernised. Another effort to culturally transform China was attempted a generation later in the southern city of Guangzhou. The movement, known as the Lingnan School, attempted to fuse Western-style realism with Chinese techniques and media. I argue that these two early attempts to amalgamate the traditional with the modern failed to metamorphose into a consolidated Chinese contemporary art market model. They have, instead, resulted in the co-existence of two corrupted models; the one, a diffident fusion of the past and the modern world, and the other a concerted alliance of nationalism and globalism.


The study of copper4ioxygen interactions and reactivity is of interest in chemical systems which involve redox activity or oxidative transformations and in biological systems where copper proteins are known to effect a variety of functions including dioxygen transport, substrate oxygenation, and 02 reduction. Here, we describe reactions of 0 2 (and CO) with a mononuclear copper(1) complex containing a tripodal tetradentate ligand L (tris(2-pyridylmethy1)amine). Cationic copper(1) complexes [LCu(D)]+ (D = RCN (la-c), CO (la, YCO = 2075 cm-I), or PPh3 (le)) can be isolated as stable compounds, and the X-ray structures of [LCu(PPh3)]+ (le) and [L'Cu(CH3CN)]+ (l', L' = bis(2-pyridylmethyl)-( 5-carbomethoxy-2-pyridylmethy1)amine) are reported. Compound l e exhibits a pseudotetrahedral tetracoordination with ligation from two pyridines plus alkylamine and phosphine donors; the third pyridine donor is uncoordinated. Complex 1' possesses a distorted pentacoordinate structure, resembling more closely that found for typical Cu(I1) complexes with L, Le., with a trigonal bipyramidal geometry. [LCu(MeCN)]+ (la) reacts to give the dioxygen complex [(LCu)2(02)l2+ (2) which is stable at -80 O C in EtCN or CH2C12 solution [A,,, = 525 nm (e = 11 500 M-I cm-I)]. The binding of 0 2 and CO to la is reversible, and UV-vis spectroscopy is used to demonstrate cycling between la and 2 (vacuum cycling). Thermally unstable solids [ (LCU)~(O~)]*+ (2) were isolated as PFsor c104salts, and crystals suitable for X-ray diffraction were obtained. [(LCu)2(02)12+ (2) stands as thefirst copperdioxygen complex to be structurally characterized, and full details are reported and compared to structurally related peroxodicobalt(II1) complexes also possessing a trans-(p1,2-peroxo) coordination. Notable features include Cu-.Cu = 4.359(1) A, and the 0-0 bond length is 1.432(6) A, a typical peroxide bond distance. [(LCu)2(02)l2+ (2) exhibits very normal looking IH and I3C N M R spectra, indicative of strong magnetic coupling between Cu(I1) ions. This and other properties are compared to those of oxyhemocyanin (02 carrier) and other Cu202 complexes.


Inequality in economic development is an economic problem that is often felt by developing countries. In Indonesia, one of the regional areas that has not yet experienced equal distribution of economic development is the regencies/cities of the Sumatera Region. This study aims to determine regional groups and compare the results of grouping with the K-Medoids and CLARA methods. The K-Medoids and CLARA methods are non-hierarchical methods that are strong against outliers. While the best selection method is done by comparing the silhouette coefficient. The results obtained in this study using the K-Medoids and CLARA methods with 2 groups being better than forming 3 groups. The K-Medoids method resulted in cluster 1 as many as 59 districts/cities and cluster 2 as many as 95 districts/cities. Meanwhile, the grouping of districts/cities using the CLARA method with 2 groups resulted in cluster 1 as many as 74 districts/cities and cluster 2 as many as 80 districts/cities. From the comparison of the two methods, the silhouette coefficient values using the K-Medoids and CLARA methods are 0.13 and 0.15 respectively. Therefore, the CLARA method with 2 groups gave better cluster results


On December 7, 2018, the Minneapolis City Council passed the Minneapolis 2040 Comprehensive Plan by a vote of 12–1. They reaffirmed their support when they voted 10–1 for the final adoption on Octo...


The invention discloses a data acquisition method of an electric vehicle battery management system. The data acquisition method comprises the following steps: acquiring maximum discharge current of a power battery at different temperatures and in different charge state; determining discharge capacity of the power battery at different temperatures when the power battery is in a fully charged state; discharging the power battery for 15s at limited 3C current, discharging from 1/3C to a charge state of 70%; acquiring maximum charge current of the power battery at different temperatures and in different charge state; performing 1/3C constant-current discharging until the voltage is equal to a specified cut-off voltage of a battery manufacturer when the power battery is in a lowest charge state, and determining the charge capacity of the power battery at different temperatures; under a certain set temperature condition, charging the power battery for 10s at limited 1.5C current, and charging the power battery to a charge state of 20% according to standards. The data acquisition method disclosed by the invention has the advantages of preventing overcharge and over-discharge and improving the consistency of an overall battery pack so that the service lives of the power battery and an overall vehicle are prolonged.


Resource-poor people face multiple risks and disturbances across social, economic, health, political, and environmental spheres. Included among these are conflict, public health threats, corruption, climate change, and natural resource degradation. The concept of resilience provides a useful framework for considering potential solutions to these intersecting challenges. This is particularly the case in situations where structural problems and inequalities—such as chronic poverty and gender gaps—underlie persistent and recurring shocks. Growing evidence shows that men and women have different exposure to shocks and stressors, and different preferences and capacities in terms of their responses. This stems from gendered social, cultural, and institutional contexts that shape such factors as their livelihood activities, roles, and bargaining power. Importantly, these factors are intrinsically linked with women's empowerment levels, including their ability to access resources and make strategic life choices to improve their overall wellbeing.


The first vertical bipolar intercompany (VBIC)-based compact dc model has been developed and verified for a low-voltage 4H-SiC bipolar junction transistor to continuously map a wide temperature range from 300 to 773 K. Temperature and doping dependent physical models for bandgap, incomplete ionization, carrier mobility, and lifetime have been taken into account to give physically meaningful fitting parameters for the compact model. Isothermal simulations using the default VBIC model are performed to extract key parameter sets from measured data at seven different temperature points. Then new temperature dependent equations for the key parameters are proposed and embedded in the default VBIC model. Consequently, a single set of model parameters at 300 K is used to achieve fitting over a wide temperature range from 300 to 773 K. This new model can be used for simulating circuits that require continuous description of device dc performance over a wide temperature range.


This study aims to determine the effect of the long soaking of silkworms (Tubifex sp) in turmeric flour solution on the dilution and growth of baung fish fry (Hemibagrus nemurus). The method used is a Complete Randomized Design (RAL) with 5 treatments of 3 tests, namely P0 treatment = no soaking, P1 = Soaking for 20 minutes, P2 = 25 minutes, P3 = 30 minutes and P4 35 minutes. The baung fish used are fry that are 8 days old with an average weight of 0.09 gr / tail with a length of 0.70 cm / tail. The seeds were obtained from Saprizal's UPR in Padang Mutung village, Kampar district. From the results of the study, the highest dilution was obtained in the P4 treatment by 100% and the lowest in P0 by 97.33%. The highest absolute weight growth of P4 treatment was 0.57 gr and the lowest was 0.37 gr. The highest absolute length growth in the P4 treatment was 3.46 cm and the lowest was 2.99 cm. The highest daily growth rate of P4 treatment was 0.08% and the lowest was 0.05%. The best feed conversion value is P4 treatment of 0.463%. Water quality parameters are temperature 28-30 0C, pH 6.13-7.69, dissolved oxygen 3.4-6.3 mg/L and Ammonia 0.88-4.22 mg/L.


A reconfigurable balanced phase shifter is designed in this paper, which can achieve stable differential mode (DM) phase shift and high common mode (CM) suppression. The proposed balanced phase shifter is mainly composed of micro strip/slot line transition structure and π‐shape slot line. The U‐shaped micro strip line and the stepped impedance slot line are employed to form the differential input and output ports, which can make the DM response and the CM one are independent. By switching the PIN diode on or off, a stable 180° DM phase shift difference is achieved between two states. In order to verify the design, a 180° balanced phase shifter with a central frequency of 4.7 GHz was simulated and fabricated. DM insertion loss of the design is 1.1 dB, DM phase deviation range is ±5°, 10 dB DM impedance matching fractional bandwidth is 45%, and phase fractional deviation bandwidth is 42%. Meanwhile, the CM rejection can reach about 35 dB. The simulation and measurement are in good agreement with the theory.


We present here several variants of a mathematical model to explore three main issues related to SARS-CoV-2 spread in scenarios similar to those present in Mexico and elsewhere in Latin America. We explore the consequences for travel inside a given region, in this case Mexico, particularly focusing on airplane transportation but attempting to give a gross approximation to terrestrial movement since this is the main form of population movement across geographical areas in the country; then we proceed to study the effect of behavioral changes required to lower transmission by lowering the contact rate and infection probability and lastly, we explore the consequences of disease spread in a population subject to social isolation.These models are not suitable for predictive purposes although some rough predictions can be extracted from them. They are presented as a tool that can serve to explore plausible scenarios of spread and impact, effectiveness and consequences of contention and mitigation policies. Given the early stage at which the epidemic is at the date of writing in Mexico, we hope these ideas can be helpful for the understanding of the importance of isolation, social distancing and screening of the general population.


Abstract. Light-field and plenoptic cameras are widely available today. Compared with monocular cameras, these cameras capture not only the intensity but also the direction of the light rays. Due to this specificity, light-field cameras allow for image refocusing and depth estimation using a single image. However, most of the existing depth estimation methods using light-field cameras require a prior complex calibration phase and raw data preprocessing before the desired algorithm is applied. We propose a homography-based method with plenoptic camera parameters calibration and optimization, dedicated to our homography-based micro-images matching algorithm. The proposed method works on debayerred raw images with vignetting correction. The proposed approach directly links the disparity estimation in the 2D image plane to the depth estimation in the 3D object plane, allowing for direct extraction of the real depth without any intermediate virtual depth estimation phase. Also, calibration parameters used in the depth estimation algorithm are directly estimated, and hence no prior complex calibration is needed. Results are illustrated by performing depth estimation with a focused light-field camera over a large distance range up to 4 m.


Background: Although antidepressant medications (ADM) are effective in treating depression, a well-established cardiovascular risk factor, they are associated with autonomic dysfunction, also linke...


Changes in the sugar and structural (non-sugar) components in cane stalks of seven crops grown under artificial water stress and a reduction in the photosynthetic source by defoliation were determined. Under non-limiting conditions, changes in these components were similar and linked with stalk dry weight, explaining the distribution between structural material and sugar. Sugar production and the fraction of the total dry matter in the millable stalk which is sugar can be predicted simply from the stalk dry weight. Where water and radiation are limited, the trends in the proportions of these components diverge strongly. Pronounced water stress, a low radiation/temperature ratio or recovery of stalk turgidity after stress are the main significant environmental factors causing these divergences. These factors, interacting in a complex manner, modify the simple partition calculated from the millable stalk dry weight. (Resume d'auteur)


The present invention discloses a steel pipe concrete column R.C node by storeys, and is characterized by that the steel pipe concrete column of vertical member can be arranged discontinuously by sections with clear height of storey, the storey reinforcec concrete horizontal member is passed through continuously at nodal points; between two sectional steel pipe concrete columns, vertical connecting steel bars are set up, and the vertical connecting steel bars are placed in the inner side of pipe wall of two sectional steel pipe concrete column. This invention is simple in design, convenient for construction, good in mechanical performance and low in cost.


This article considers fully connected neural networks with Gaussian random weights and biases as well as $L$ hidden layers, each of width proportional to a large parameter $n$. For polynomially bounded non-linearities we give sharp estimates in powers of $1/n$ for the joint cumulants of the network output and its derivatives. Moreover, we show that network cumulants form a perturbatively solvable hierarchy in powers of $1/n$ in that $k$-th order cumulants in one layer have recursions that depend to leading order in $1/n$ only on $j$-th order cumulants at the previous layer with $j\leq k$. By solving a variety of such recursions, however, we find that the depth-to-width ratio $L/n$ plays the role of an effective network depth, controlling both the scale of fluctuations at individual neurons and the size of inter-neuron correlations. Thus, while the cumulant recursions we derive form a hierarchy in powers of $1/n$, contributions of order $1/n^k$ often grow like $L^k$ and are hence non-negligible at positive $L/n$. We use this to study a somewhat simplified version of the exploding and vanishing gradient problem, proving that this particular variant occurs if and only if $L/n$ is large. Several key ideas in this article were first developed at a physics level of rigor in a recent monograph of Daniel A. Roberts, Sho Yaida, and the author. This article not only makes these ideas mathematically precise but also significantly extends them, opening the way to obtaining corrections to all orders in $1/n$.


In this paper, we iterate the explicit algorithm computing the Lusztig-Vogan bijection in Type A (GLn) on dominant weights, which was proposed by Achar and simplified by Rush. Our main result focuses on describing asymptotic behavior between the number of iterations for an input and the length of the input; we also present a recursive formula to compute the slope of the asymptote. This serves as another contribution to understanding the Lusztig-Vogan bijection from a combinatorial perspective and a first step in understanding the iterative behavior of the Lusztig-Vogan bijection in Type A.


This study was designed to investigate the median nerve cross-sectional area of the upper extremity which is the main cause of CTS in the 20s and 30s. The median nerve cross-sectional area (MNC-area) of each part of the upper limb was measured in healthy 20s and 30s females and males without neurological diseases or other diseases. This MNC-area was compared with the hand, wrist, finger, and other body indexes. The research group was divided into 20s female and male groups, and the 30s were also divided into female and male groups. In the comparison between the ages, the hand, and wrist configurations in the 30s were significantly higher than those of the 20s. The mean median nerve cross-sectional area was significantly larger in the male group than in the female group in both 20s and 30s, and it was larger in both men and women than in the 20s. Hand and wrist configurations were also positively correlated with the median nerve cross-sectional area in both 20s and 30s. The median values of hand ratio and wrist ratio were 2.26 and 0.65, respectively. This median value of hand ratio was inversely correlated with the median nerve cross-sectional area. The median nerve cross-area of the 20s was 6.88 ~ 7.38 mm 2 in the male group and 5.69 ~ 6.99 mm 2 in the female group, respectively. The median nerve cross-area of the 30s was 6.32 ~ 8.89 mm 2 in the male group and 6.15 ~ 7.17 mm 2 in the female group, respectively. The mean median nerve cross-sectional area was positively correlated with body mass index in both groups. Most of the variables were higher in their 30s than in their 20s.


If learners are to engage in science inquiry, they need significant support, or scaffolding, to help them mindfully do the cognitive science tasks that are just out of their reach. One approach for supporting learners is to design computational tools that incorporate scaffolding features to make new practices accessible and visible so learners can engage in and understand these practices. In order to explore the systematic design and assessment of scaffolding features for software tools, the authors developed "Symphony," a comprehensive scaffolded work environment incorporating process scaffolding features for ninth grade science students performing environmental science investigations. The research questions asked what conceptual process scaffolding strategies would support learners and how can those scaffolding strategies be realized in software. The scaffolding assessment involved three broad steps: identifying specific episodes where students used scaffolds to perform different inquiry activities; assessing how students used different scaffolds in each episode using a new set of assessment criteria; and summarizing the assessment information for each scaffold to describe how students used the different scaffolds over time. By analyzing how learners worked with the Symphony scaffolds, an initial set of design guidelines was distilled for software-based scaffolds. Two example overviews of findings are presented, followed by a description of some scaffolding design guidelines that were distilled from the full set of scaffold overviews. (Contains 33 references.) (AEF) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. Scaffolding Design Guidelines for Learner-Centered Software Environments Chris Quintana Joseph Krajcik Elliot Soloway Center for Highly Interactive Computing in Education (hi-ce) University of Michigan 3102 IST Building 2200 Bonisteel Blvd. Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2099 Ph: 734-763-6988 Fax: 734-763-1260 Email: email@example.com Paper presented at the 2002 Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, New Orleans, LA. 1 PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY


The maturation of dendrite morphology was studied by light and electron microscopy in cat spinal α‐motoneurons intracellularly labeled with horseradish peroxidase. Alpha‐motoneurons supplying the triceps surae (TS) and the intrinsic foot sole (SP) muscles were investigated in kittens from birth to 44–46 days of postnatal (d.p.n.) age.


The cloning of the gene encoding the mammalian beta adrenergic receptor (BAR) and the determination of the primary sequence of the protein reveals several serine-rich sequences which have been suggested as potential phosphorylation sites for intracellular protein kinases. Four peptides corresponding to these regions were synthesized, purified and examined as substrates for either the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) or protein kinase C (PKC). Two of the peptides, corresponding to amino acids number257-264 (C(Nle)GLRRSSKF) and number341-351 (C(Nle)RRSSSKAYG) were phosphorylated by PKA. Peptide number257-264 served as the better substrate compared to peptide number341-351. In contrast, for PKC, peptide number341-351 served as the better substrate relative to peptide number257-264. Two additional peptides, corresponding to amino acids number248-255 (Cys(Nle)VEQDGRSG) and number404-418 (CLDSQGRN(Nle)STNDSPL) were not recognized as substrates by either protein kinase. The data indicate that synthetic peptides derived from two potential intracellular regions of the native BAR can be preferentially phosphorylated by either PKA or PKC. The presence of these peptides in the BAR may have implications for the role of these kinases in receptor desensitization.


The search for relevant constitutive models valid for a broad variety of non-Newtonian fluids is an urgent problem in rheology. These constitutive models must accurately capture many of the non-Newtonian behaviors of the fluids and be valid for arbitrary kinematics. Many constitutive models have been proposed, but are sometimes limited in their scope of application. Some constitutive models are only valid for a specific type of fluid, and other models have many material parameters that cannot be readily evaluated. In this work, a generalized Oldroyd model is developed that can be applied to a broad range of complex, non-Newtonian fluids. The generalized Oldroyd model consists of five material parameters, that can be evaluated based on the rheological functions of two base flows—simple shear and planar extension. The material parameters are allowed to be functions of an invariant of the flow, which is chosen to be the energy dissipation rate in this work. The generalized Oldroyd equation is applied to three non-Newtonian suspensions: dilute emulsions, suspensions of rigid spheroids subject to Brownian rotations, and dilute emulsions in the presence of surfactants. A variety of kinematics is explored to validate the effectiveness of the generalized Oldroyd equation, including calculation of the stress components in planar mixed flows and uniaxial extension/compression. A number of Lagrangian-unsteady flows are also explored to test the generalized Oldroyd method in nontrivial time-dependent flows. The Lagrangian-unsteady flows that are explored in this work include: flow in a rectangular cavity with a moving wall; flow around a macroscopic sphere; time-dependent planar extension; flow around a macroscopic sphere at a finite Reynolds number; and flow between two eccentric spheres. For these Lagrangian-unsteady cases, a material fluid element is advected along iii one of the streamlines in the flow, and the stress is calculated along the streamline. The generalized Oldroyd model is shown in all cases to accurately predict the stresses, with greater accuracy in slower flows. The generalized Oldroyd equation in this work is shown to be a broad constitutive model that can be applied to a variety of complex fluids in arbitrary kinematics.


Abstract This paper presents a new compilation of gridded datasets for three-dimensional modelling of the Antarctic ice sheet. These are for surface elevation, ice thickness, bedrock elevation and accumulation rate as interpolated on a 281 × 281 mesh with 20 km spacing, and encompass all the ice sheet and surrounding continental shelf. Data sources include the Bamber digital-elevation model from ERS-1 radar-altimeter data, a redigitization of available ice-thickness data, the Giovinetto accumulation data, recent ice-thickness data from British and German expeditions as well as accumulation data from German and Norwegian expeditions. In particular, new data were incorporated for the Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf and for Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica, arising from the EPICA pre-site survey. Special attention was devoted to matching the various data sources carefully, both among themselves and across the grounding line and below the ice shelves, to enable ice-sheet expansion and retreat in dynamic situations. As an application, the balance flow is calculated over the entire ice sheet using a two-dimensional finite-difference scheme and compared with a previous assessment. This brought to light the existence of ice-streaming features extending well inland. A detailed zoom over Dronning Maud Land exhibits the general flow characteristics of interest for locating a future deep-drilling site. As a by-product, an updated value of 26.4 × 106km3 was obtained for the total volume of the ice sheet and ice shelves, or equivalent to 61.1 m of global sea-level rise after removal of the ice sheet and subsequent oceanic invasion and isostatic rebound. The total accumulation over the grounded ice sheet, including the Antarctic Peninsula, is 1924 Gta−1, or between 5 and 20% higher than earlier estimates. Including all the ice shelves, the value is 2344 Gt a−1.


When multiple video streams are transmitted in a wireless mesh network, each stream needs to adapt its rate to the time-varying traffic in the network. We propose a media-aware rate allocation algorithm that adjusts the video rate based on both video content and network congestion. This is combined with cross-layer information exchange: the video agent relies on estimated link state at each hop along the path, as well as accumulated congestion increment reported by the routing agent. We discuss in detail how the distributed optimization can be realized at each wireless node, and present simulations of the proposed rate allocation algorithm over an 802.11 wireless mesh network. Experimental results confirm that the proposed scheme can effectively adapt the allocated rate to the presence of new streams in the network in a congestion-distortion optimized manner. In comparison with TCP-friendly rate control (TFRC), the proposed scheme can achieve a higher average video quality for all users while maintaining lower overall network congestion


In these ten years, the cavitation and erosion phenomena in the rudder have been increased for high-speed container ships. The cavitation in the rudder blades which is injurious to rudder efficiency is mainly caused by the main flow with a large angle of attack induced by propellers, and the erosion which occurs as a result of repeated blows by shock wave that cavitation collapse may produce was observed in the gap legion of the rudder. However, gap cavitation is not prone to occur in model experiments because of low Reynolds number. So, the viscous effect should be considered for solving the flow of the narrow gap. In order to predict the cavitation phenomena and to improve the performance of the rudder, the analysis of the viscous flow in the rudder gap is positively necessary. In this study, numerical calculation for the solution of the RANS equation is applied to the two-dimensional flow around the rudder gap including horn part and pintle part. The velocity and pressure field are numerically acquired according to Reynolds number and the case that the round bar is installed in the gap is analyzed. For reduced the acceleration that pressure drop can be highly restrained numerically and in model experiment, the cavitation bubbles can be reduced.


Considerable confusion still exists concerning the action of cardiac sympathetic nerve stimulation and of its supposed mediators, adrenaline and noradrenaline, on the vasculature of the myocardium. The general consensus of opinion is that they produce coronary vasodilatation. The disagreement is over the mechanism by which this vasodilatation is produced since not only do cardiac sympathetic nerve stimulation and injections of adrenaline and noradrenaline directly affect vascular tone, but they also modify other factors which influence the state of the myocardial vascular bed (aortic perfusion pressure, heart rate, cardiac metabolism and extravascular support). The problem is whether the direct effect of adrenaline and noradrenaline on the myocardial vessels is vasodilator or vasoconstrictor, the latter effect being masked in the intact animal by mechanical and metabolic factors which lead to vasodilatation. Associated with this problem is the question of whether the sympathetic nerves to the vessels are vasoconstrictor or vasodilator and of whether sympathetic tone exists in this vascular bed.


The important effect was exploited by lithotype analysis in coking production.The quality of mixed coal could be controlled by the analysis,and the guiding action could be given in the design about the ratio of blending coal,and the quality of coking coal could be stabilized too.


An approach is proposed to investigate the mechanical characteristics of unsaturated soil offshore as well as onshore. The change of phases of pore water in the unsaturated soil is discussed. The numerical method for heat transfer in soil is proposed to investigate the mechanical behavior of unsaturated submarine soil. The model for voids and its numerical experiment are also presented to investigate the suction and permeability behaviors of unsaturated soil. Finally, the synthesis to model the mechanical behavior of unsaturated soil is discussed.


Editor—Winkens and Dinant have highlighted some issues regarding the rising workload in pathology.1 In 1985 the workload in most diagnostic departments in the United Kingdom was reported to have been rising 10% a year whereas the number of inpatients and outpatients increased by less than 2% a year2; it is roughly similar now. A review of laboratory audits showed that the number of inappropriate tests requested by clinicians varies from 5% to 95%.3

The common perception among physicians is that these tests are cheap. Their unit cost may be low, but they have a high cumulative cost.3 The annual bill for operating laboratory tests is greater than the annual cost of operating computed tomographic scanners.3

Several methods to modify clinicians' use of diagnostic tests have been reported. The most potent interventions are methods that facilitate the preferred behaviour through blocking inappropriate requests or defaulting to the intended practice.4 In a study in the United States several characteristics were associated with a low level of laboratory use: being a leader, being part of a service group whose leader was a low user, clinical experience, being board certified, and being a graduate from "established" medical schools in the north east of America, Chicago, or California.5

The two most important reasons for the rising workload and costs in laboratories is the ease with which tests can be requested and lack of ownership by clinicians, as the problem is viewed largely as a laboratory problem. Good leadership and medical training are important. Thus consultants should play a key part as leaders, and a course on cost containment should be made compulsory in the medical curriculum.

The concepts of "profile" and "routine" should be abolished and investigations tailored to individual needs. It must be made mandatory for all junior doctors to get a certificate of competence in laboratory use from their consultants based on the information produced by the laboratory.

The question we have to grapple with is how we want to use our resources: whether to have more investigations or to fund more nurses, doctors, or such like to improve patient care. I suspect that the response would be similar to that of those people who say that they would prefer higher taxes to fund public services but vote otherwise in the polling booth. The decision we make will dictate the quality of NHS we have. Let's have more doctors and nurses.


A 69‐year‐old woman with IgE/K plasma cell leukemia (PCL) was treated with a sequential combination of VAD (vincristine, doxorubicin, dexamethasone) and MP (melphalan, prednisolone) followed by interferon‐α (IFNα). A complete remission was achieved for 14 months. Maintenance therapy with IFNα has continued for an additional 10 months. IgE PCL Is extremely rare. The biological characteristics of the myeloma cells, including surface marker, adhesion molecule, karyotype, DNA analysis, and the response to various cytokines, are presented. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Introduction: Today the market of medical tourism is growing as one of the competitive and profitable industries in the world. The aim of this study was to determine medical tourist attraction in Tehran hospitals. Methods: This is a descriptive study which was carried out in 8 hospitals of Tehran in 2012. 195 people from the managing boards of these hospitals participated in the study. A questionnaire was designed to gather data. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by professors and administrators and reliability was calculated 80% by Cronbach's alpha. The data was analyzed using SPSS. Findings: The total amount of medical tourist attractions in Tehran hospitals is moderate (51%) and also average number of foreign patients admitted to hospitals and average income for hospitals is also moderate. Conclusion: According to the results it seems media advertising is the most effective in attracting medical tourists. Furthermore, the advertisement of the capabilities of hospitals alongside marketing could help attract more medical tourists.


FIELD: molecular biology, genetic and protein engineering, medicine, pharmacy. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to polypeptide variants eliciting with the enhanced heparin-binding capacity. The enhanced heparin-binding capacity is achieved by insertion of amino acid sequence and/or substitution for amino acid sequence RKRA (SEQ ID NO:3 or RKRAKHKQ (SEQ ID NO:4) in amino acid sequence of polypeptide taken among members of superfamily TGF-β. These polypeptide variants are especially useful for stimulation of chondrogenesis, osteogenesis and wounds healing. Invention relates also to nucleic acid molecules that encode polypeptide variants, host-cells comprising nucleic acid molecules and to method for preparing polypeptide variants and to pharmaceutical compositions also. The advantage of the invention involves the development of novel preparations that can be used for stimulation of reparative processes of osteogenesis and chondrogenesis. EFFECT: valuable medicinal properties of polypeptides. 25 cl, 10 dwg, 1 tbl


Online gait control in human-powered exoskeleton systems is still rich research field and represents a step towards fully autonomous, safe and intelligent navigation. Admittance Controller performs well on flat terrain walking in human-powered exoskeleton systems for acceleration and slowdown. We are the first who proposed Variable Admittance Controller (VAC) for smooth stair climbing control in Human-Powered Exoskeleton Systems. Trajectory correction technique transforms the interaction forces exerted on the exoskeleton from the pilot to appropriate intended joint flexion angles through dynamic viscoelastic models. We demonstrate the proposed control strategy on one degree-of-freedom (1-DOF) platform first, and then extend to the Human power Augmentation Lower Exoskeleton (HUALEX). The experimental results show that the proposed gait transition control strategy can minimize the interaction dynamics with less interaction force between the pilot and the exoskeleton compared to the traditional admittance controller. Compared to Ordinary Admittance Controller, the proposed VAC significantly improve the normalized Mean Squared Error (nMSE) of trajectory tracking from 2.751° to1.105°.


According to the theories of source-indicating function of phonetic complement,this paper analyses 62 determinative-phonetic characters from the pronunciation of"Bei" in "Big Dictionary of Chinese" and makes a concrete classification among them;The phonetic complements of 49 determinative-phonetic characters among thoses are of source-indicating function,and other phonetic complements of 13 determinative-phonetic characters purely show the sound function,without meaningful contact.Moreover,combined with a clan of words of "Bei",this paper elaborates how to make best use of the theories of source-indicating function of phonetic complement to contact the same clan of words.


To strengthen the postgraduates of academic moral education is the important way to cultivate qualified national talent improve higher learning institutions' ethos constructiion and optimize the comprehensive postgraduates themselves.Now,academic misconduct in graduate students is happened more and more.The main causes of problems are lying in the academic system,social environment,college education and postgraduates themselves.Therefore,we should establish the perfect system of academic morality,create a good environment for academic society,optimization of university academic education management and strengthen the graduate student academic ethics,strive to contribute power for graduate student academic moral education construction.


A senior editor of Yomiuri Shimbun, Kenro Shimamoto, surmises that a North Korean invasion of South Korea (the Republic of Korea, ROK) could take place in one of the following three circumstances: (1) if U.S. military strength or the Seventh Fleet was swung to Europe or the Middle East and there occurred a vacuum in the Far East because of weakened capability of the U.S. forces in Korea to respond positively to aggression; (2) if a political crisis occurred in South Korea as a result of the surfacing of economic and social inconsistencies; or (3) if domestic turmoil occurred in North Korea and its leaders try to resolve it by invading South Korea. The possibility of (3) is only half that of (1) and (2). Should (1) and (2) occur simultaneously, the result would be total war. If either (1) or (2)


Structure is key to understanding the strength of a dependability argument. It can be used to analyse such arguments, highlighting properties that are indicative of weak arguments. Generic mechanisms can be developed for strengthening arguments based on structure that can be applied to specific arguments. Within this structure, appeal may be made to barriers or defences to demonstrate that unacceptable consequences can be protected against or prevented. This chapter explores the role that structure can play, using as an example the public domain Reduced Vertical Separation Minimum analysis published by EATMP (the EUROCONTROL Programme for Performance Enhancement in European Air Traffic Management). In order to perform the analysis the structure of the argument, and the use of barriers, is modelled explicitly with the aid of Goal Structuring Notation (GSN). The chapter also considers how confidence in the validity of an argument may be gained by a variety of means including operational feedback if the system (or a previous version of it) is already in service, or from specific design documents and stakeholder interviews. Sections 2 and 3 discuss the general structure of dependability arguments and the role of barriers in these arguments. Section 4 reflects on the quality of an argument and presents generic ways of strengthening arguments. Section 5 further explores these structural aspects in relation to the Functional Hazard Analysis for the introduction of Reduced Vertical Separation Minimum (RVSM) within European airspace. Section 6 summarises and discusses the principal findings of this study.


A VCM (voice coil motor) is disclosed, the VCM including: a rotor including a lens-fixing hollow holed bobbin including a coil discharge unit formed from a peripheral upper end to a peripheral bottom end facing the peripheral upper end, and a coil block arranged at a periphery of the bobbin and including a cylindrically wound coil; a stator including a magnet facing the coil block and a yoke fixing the magnet; a case including a bottom case arrange with the bobbin and an upper case coupled to the bottom case and having an opening at a portion corresponding the bobbin; and an elastic member elastically supporting an upper end of the bobbin and a bottom end facing the upper end of the bobbin, wherein a distal end of the coil arranged at an upper end of the coil block employs the coil discharge unit to be discharged to a bottom end of the bobbin.


Facing international,the domestic competition incomparably intense coal market,coal specializedtechnology English has become one of our country coal industry welcome challenge key aspects,then how does well the coal specialized English teaching,the promotion coal profession development,is our various coals colleges and universities specialized construction urgent matter.


The veil of ignorance has been used often as a tool for recommending what justice requires with respect to the distribution of wealth. We complete Harsanyi's model of the veil of ignorance by appending information permitting objective comparisons among persons. In order to do so, we introduce the concept of objective empathy. We show that the veil-of-ignorance conception of John Harsanyi, so completed, and Ronald Dworkin's, when modelled formally, recommend wealth allocations in conflict with the prominently espoused view that priority should be given to the less able in wealth allocation. We finally argue that the veil of ignorance should be rejected as a tool for discovering what justice requires.