spp.Allisolates wereinitially identified byconventional biochemical testing andgas-liquid chromatography ofshort-chain fatty acidmetabolites. Additional tests were performed asrequired bytheRapID-ANAsystem. Ofthese isolates, 81.4%werecorrectly identified tothegenuslevel, including 59.6%tothespecies level, 14.2%wereincorrectly identified atthegenuslevel, and4.4%were notidentified. Initially, 20.2%ofthestrains were notidentified because themicrocodes werenotinthecodebook.Themajority oftheincorrect identifications werecaused by themisidentification ofFusobacterium spp.asBacteroides spp.Errors also occurred whenveterinary anaerobes notincluded inthedatabasewere assigned an identification fromtheexisting database. TheRapID-ANA system appearstobea promising new methodforrapididentification ofveterinary anaerobes; however, further evaluation withanextended databaseisneeded before thesystem canaccurately identify allclinically significant anaerobes. Theisolation andidentification ofanaerobes fromclinical samples isanimportant function oftheclinical microbiology laboratory, since antimicrobial therapy forthese infections can differ fromtherapy usedtotreatinfections caused by aerobic orfacultative anaerobic bacteria (3,8,12). Conventional testprocedures, including biochemical tests andgasliquid chromatography analysis ofmetabolic products, have beendeveloped bytheCenters forDisease Control, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, andWadsworth anaerobe laboratories (1,13). However, these systemshavethedisadvantages of being time-consuming, expensive, andbeyondthecapabilities ofmany clinical laboratories. Duringthepastdecade, several commercially prepared microsystems, designed specifically fortheidentification of anaerobes, havebeenintroduced (1,13).Generally, these systemsoffer a numberofbenefits, including standardized selection ofbiochemical tests, improved identification accuracycompared withthelimited conventional systemusedin many laboratories, anddecreased timeandcostforidentification. The accuracy andreproducibility oftheRapID-ANA system(Innovative Diagnostic Systems, Inc., Atlanta, Ga.) fortheidentification ofanaerobes ofhumanorigin hasbeen evaluated (2,11).However, theusefulness oftheRapIDANA methodfortheidentification ofclinically significant anaerobes ofveterinary origin hasnotbeenestablished. The purposeofthisstudy was toevaluate theaccuracyofthe RadID-ANAsystemfortheidentification ofa spectrum of freshly isolated veterinary anaerobes.


Uses of Internet-of-Things have been increased almost in all domains. Smart Home System can be made using Internet-of-Things. This paper presents the design and an effective implementation of smart home system using Internet of things. The designed system is very effective and ecofriendly having the advantage of low cost. This system ease out the home automation task and user can easily monitor control home appliances from anywhere and anytime using internet. Embedded system, GPRS module and RF modules are used for making this system. Security has been increased in this system on the server side by using 3 level Kerberos authentication. Hence, the system is now more secure to use than the current smart homes systems. Design of hardware and software is also presented in paper.


Abstract In this study, a method of analogue-based correction of errors (ACE) was introduced to improve El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) prediction produced by climate models. The ACE method is based on the hypothesis that the flow-dependent model prediction errors are to some degree similar under analogous historical climate states, and so the historical errors can be used to effectively reduce such flow-dependent errors. With this method, the unknown errors in current ENSO predictions can be empirically estimated by using the known prediction errors which are diagnosed by the same model based on historical analogue states. The authors first propose the basic idea for applying the ACE method to ENSO prediction and then establish an analogue-dynamical ENSO prediction system based on an operational climate prediction model. The authors present some experimental results which clearly show the possibility of correcting the flow-dependent errors in ENSO prediction, and thus the potential of applying the ACE method to operational ENSO prediction based on climate models.


Slab molds receive liquid steel from the tundish through bifurcated submerged entry nozzles (SEN) using a slide valve as throughput control. Due to the off-centering position of the three plates' orifices that conform to the valve to control the steel passage, the flow inside the nozzle and mold is inherently biased toward the valve opening side. In the practical casting, a biased flow induces inhomogeneous heat fluxes through the mold copper plates. The nozzle design itself is also a challenge, and has direct consequences on the quality of the product. A diagnosis of the casting process regarding the internal and external flows, performed through experimental and mathematical simulation tools, made it possible to reach concrete results. The mathematical simulations predicted the flow dynamics, and the topography and levels variations of the meniscus characterized through a full-scale water model. The flows are biased, and the meniscus level fluctuations indicated that the current nozzle is not reliable to cast at the two extremes of the casting speeds of 0.9 m/min and 1.65 m/min, due to the danger of mold flux entrainment. A redesign of the nozzle is recommended, based on the experimental and mathematical results presented here.


This paper seeks to investigate one of many interactive strategies employed by speakers during face to face interactions: metaphorical definitions. The corpus analyzed consists of interviews and spontaneous conversations produced by non-literate speakers.


[Problem] To provide a terminal insertion device or the like that is capable of providing wire harnesses of various forms, or enabling terminal installation quality checking and reliable and quick feeding of a housing. [Solution] The terminal insertion device (1) has a terminal holding-inserting means (20) for holding and inserting terminals into cavities of a housing, a housing retaining means (180), and a means (10) for adjusting the angle of the terminals with respect to the axial direction of electric wires when the terminal holding-inserting means (20) holds the terminals. Because the angle of the terminals with respect to the axial direction of the electric wires (twisting direction of the electric wires) is adjusted by the terminal angle adjusting means (10), the terminals can be inserted with the crimping plane tilted at 90˚, 180˚, or 270˚ with respect to the housing.


Holistic marketing is a marketing concept that defines an overall corporate entity. Word-of-mouth communication is one way to spread rumors. Word-of-mouth communication is also the most ancient marketing strategy that is still widely implemented until now. The objectives of this research are: 1) to determine the effect of holistic marketing on purchasing decision, 2) to determine the effect of word-of-mouth communication on purchasing decision, 3) to determine the effect of holistic and word-of-mouth communication on purchasing decision. This research applied quantitative data collection method which was carried out through questionnaire distribution and literature studies. Based on the testing results of hypothesis 1, the holistic marketing variable (X1) and purchasing decision (Y) do not have a significant correlation because the sig. value (p) = 0.000 < 0.01. Based on the testing results of hypothesis 2, word-of-mouth communication (X2) and purchasing decisions (Y) have a significant correlation because the sig. value (p) = 0.000 < 0.01. Based on the testing results of hypothesis 3, holistic marketing (X1) and word-of-mouth communication (X2) variables on the purchasing decision variable (Y) are simultaneously and significantly related. The contribution of holistic marketing and word-of-mouth communication variables on purchasing decision is 86.1% and the remaining 13.9% is affected by other variables.


In this paper, we report a very simple but efficient cationic micellar CE method for protein analysis in complex samples without any modification for the capillary wall. It was found that increased concentration (≥2 mM) of CTAB additive in electrophoretic buffer can effectively suppress the wall adsorption of both acidic and basic proteins. The separation was improved with buffer pH decreasing from 6.0 to 3.0. By using a buffer containing 2 mM CTAB at pH 3.0, nine proteins with a wide range of pI values (4.7–11.0) were separated within 9 min with high efficiencies (>6×105 plates per meter) and good reproducibility (RSDs of migration time <0.8% for run‐to‐run assays) and recoveries (91.6–119.0%). This method was successfully applied to the analysis of complex biological samples, including plasma and red blood cells. Most importantly, we demonstrate the proteomic applications of the proposed method, including the analysis of tryptic digests of BSA and crude protein extracts from Escherichia coli cells. With simplicity, high efficiency, and good reproducibility, this method is promising for protein analysis in complex samples and may find its place in the future proteomic research.


2 SENSOR FOR ULTRASONIC WAVE COMES IN CONTACT WITH A WALL 1 HIGH TEMPERATURE BY MEANS OF A WAVEGUIDE 5 CONCERNING CERAMIC. INCLUDES THE SENSOR INSIDE BODY MATERIAL 3 IN METAL A TABLET 8 PIEZOELECTRIC CERAMIC CONNECTED TO DRIVERS ELECTRICAL POWER OR MEASURE 9. THE WAVEGUIDE 5 ALSO AVAILABLE IN THE BODY IS 3 CONTACT BY ITS ENDS WITH THE PILL 5B PIEZOELECTRIC 8 AND ITS OTHER eND 5A THE WALL 1. BODY 3 SENSOR IS mOUNTED SO ON SUPPORT ARTICULEE 21 FIXED ON THE WALL 1. THE iNVENTION APPLIES SPECIFICALLY TO FLOW MEASUREMENT IN pRIMARY PIPELINE OF WATER NUCLEAR REACTOR PRESSURE.


The continuing problem of the instruction of professional responsibility' by law schools is typically met by one of three approaches. The first is the particularized course in which legal ethics is taught by use of a casebook on the subject or by a series of problems.! Emphasis is normally placed on the Code of Professional Responsibility. The popularization and proliferation of clinical legal education has provided a second and distinct avenue for the inculcation of professional responsibility.' Lastly, the well worn, much abused pervasive method is still advanced as an effective way of instilling in burgeoning attorneys the insight and sensitivity necessary to straddle the ethical fence constantly confronting practicing lawyers.'


Fixed stepsize low-order methods are the most widely used technique for solving the second-order initial value problems that arise in structural dynamics. In this paper we shall describe the special stability difficulty that arises with this class of problem and we will outline how variable stepsize techniques can cope with this difficulty and result in efficient numerical methods.


Small and medium enterprises make a significant contribution to the Russian economy. However, the effective development of small and medium-sized sector of the economy prevents a number of problems, including a high level of tax burden of subjects of small and average business. One of the tools of financial management of these entities to reduce the tax burden without violating the tax law, is the system of tax planning. The article considers the key aspects of tax planning system in small and medium-sized enterprises and made recommendations aimed at its improvement.


As the ecological problems caused by mine development become increasingly prominent, the conflict between mining activity and environmental protection is gradually intensifying. There is an urgent problem regarding how to effectively monitor mineral exploitation activities. In order to automatic identify and dynamically monitor open-pit mines of Hubei Province, an open-pit mine extraction model based on Improved Mask R-CNN (Region Convolutional Neural Network) and Transfer learning (IMRT) is proposed, a set of multi-source open-pit mine sample databases consisting of Gaofen-1, Gaofen-2 and Google Earth satellite images with a resolution of two meters is constructed, and an automatic batch production process of open-pit mine targets is designed. In this paper, pixel-based evaluation indexes and object-based evaluation indexes are used to compare the recognition effect of IMRT, faster R-CNN, Maximum Likelihood (MLE) and Support Vector Machine (SVM). The IMRT model has the best performance in Pixel Accuracy (PA), Kappa and MissingAlarm, with values of 0.9718, 0.8251 and 0.0862, respectively, which shows that the IMRT model has a better effect on open-pit mine automatic identification, and the results are also used as evaluation units of the environmental damages of the mines. The evaluation results show that level Ⅰ (serious) land occupation and destruction of key mining areas account for 34.62%, and 36.2% of topographical landscape damage approached level I. This study has great practical significance in terms of realizing the coordinated development of mines and ecological environments.


Dear colleagues, I am delighted to introduce to you our fi rst issue of 2015 focusing on characteristics and treatment options of psychotic disorders and research on noninvasive brain stimulation treatments. In his 2013 Anna-Monika Award Lecture, Alan F. Schatzberg reviews the role of the hypothalamicpituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in the pathogenesis of psychotic major depression . He received the prize for his outstanding research into new therapy approaches, especially for the treatment of delusional depression. In this review Schatzberg discusses current results on clinical phenomenology, HPA axis acitivity and genetics as well as trials on the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist mifepristone. He concludes with an emphasis on a major role of HPA over-activity in the pathogenesis and on being a target of drug development. In a 3-year follow-up study, van Tricht and colleagues investigated sensory gating defi cits in subjects at ultra high risk for psychosis before and after transition to a fi rst psychotic episode. P50, N100 (N1) and P200 (P2) sensory gating was established using a paired click paradigm. N1 difference scores contributed modestly to the prediction of a fi rst psychotic episode. In addition, N1 and P2 sensory gating measures also showed alterations between the prodromal phase and the fi rst psychosis, suggesting that these changes may relate to psychotic onset. Schwarz and co-workers assessed whether serum molecules measured before treatment initiation were associated with subsequent weight gain following a 6-week treatment with antipsychotics in schizophrenia patients. Their results suggest that patients who experience antipsychotic-induced weight gain have specifi c molecular alterations already prior to treatment. Using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), Wigand and colleagues examined microstructural properties of the interhemispheric auditory pathway in chronic schizophrenia . Streamline tractography was applied to both patients with a history of auditory verbal hallucinations and those without. The authors found decreased fi bre integrity at different parts of the tract in patients with lifetime auditory verbal hallucinations. Fonseka and co-workers investigated whether variants in the genes encoding interleukin (IL)-1 β , IL-2, and IL-6, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met are associated with antipsychotic-induced weight gain in schizophrenia patients. Results suggest that SNPs across IL-1 b and BDNF Val66Met may infl uence weight gain due to antipsychotic treatment . Introducing our second topic, Prasser and colleagues tested the safety and therapeutic effi cacy of bilateral theta-burst stimulation (TBS) as an add-on therapy to standard treatment of depression . The authors found a tendency towards a superior effect of bilateral TBS of the dorsolateral-prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) at the end of the follow-up period over transcranial magnetic stimulation sham. In a brief report, Girardi and colleagues investigated the effi cacy of add-on bilateral prefrontal high-frequency deep TMS (dTMS) compared to standard drug treatment in patients with comorbid dysthymic disorder (DD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) . Results show that craving scores and depressive symptoms dropped more in patients who had received high frequency bilateral dlPFC as compared to the standard treatment group and that dTMS was well tolerated as add-on therapy.


This study,by conducting an experiment,aims to explore whether Chinese children with dictation disabilities show an upside-down effect in terms of Chinese characters.The results show the following: in terms of real words,the children with dictation disabilities show a lower degree of upside-down effect than the normal children,demonstrating the former's lower quality of overall mental representation;in terms of false words,both the normal children and the children with dictation disabilities show an upside-down effect,but the former show a higher degree of upside-down effect.The study concludes that children with dictation disabilities display a low degree of overall mental representation in terms of Chinese characters,but it does not affect their Chinese-character reading.


The present paper describes a power-assist robot arm that uses pneumatic artificial rubber muscles (PARMs) covered with exoskeleton suits to mimic the motion of biarticular muscles. One robot arm uses a single PARM, which assists the wrist and elbow joint of the user. This robot arm is linked to a waist belt through a suspender-like structure of three PARMs. PI control (Proportional Integral control), which is based on the pressure value from a balloon sensor, is used to achieve accurate power-assist motion, and the present study focuses on the motions associated with lifting an object. In order to evaluate the validity of the proposed power-assist robot arm, skin surface electromyography (EMG) signals of forearm muscles are measured during a lifting task and a follow-up questionnaire survey is conducted.


Pediatricians are rendering care in an environment that is increasingly complex, which results in multiple opportunities to cause unintended harm. National awareness of patient safety risks has grown in the 10 years since the Institute of Medicine published its report To Err Is Human, and patients and society as a whole continue to challenge health care providers to examine their practices and implement safety solutions. The depth and breadth of harm incurred by the practice of medicine is still being defined as reports continue to uncover a variety of avoidable errors, from those that involve specific high-risk medications to those that are more generalizable, such as patient misidentification. Pediatricians in all venues must have a working knowledge of patient-safety language, advocate for best practices that attend to risks that are unique to children, identify and support a culture of safety, and lead efforts to eliminate avoidable harm in any setting in which medical care is rendered to children. Pediatrics 2011;127:1199–1210 Patient safety is defined as "freedom from accidental injury" caused by medical care, such as harm or death attributable to adverse drug events, patient misidentifications, and health care–associated or health care–acquired infections.1 Although patient safety is but 1 of the 6 domains of quality of care defined by the Institute of Medicine (IOM), it is undoubtedly one of the most pressing domains, given the IOM estimate that 44 000 to 98 000 inpatient deaths attributable to medical errors occur each year in the United States. The phrase "patient safety" may be mistakenly interpreted as the focus on injury-prevention strategies such as the use of car seats and helmets.2 However, pediatricians can help champion the concept that pediatric patient safety means preventing injury to children caused directly by the health care system


This note deals with children's use of single-word utterances after they have acquired the use of multi-word utterances. The occurrence of such utterances has not been the subject of a great deal of investigative attention. Instead, investigators' interest with single-word utterances has primarily centred on the period of linguistic development prior to the acquisition of syntax, when children produce only one word at a time. What is particularly interesting about the use of single-word utterances during later periods, however, is that the factors thought to restrict a child's utterances to single words are no longer operative. Since the child has acquired the use of multi-word utterances, he has demonstrated the cognitive attainment of mentally representing a complete action scheme (Morehead & Morehead 1974) and the linguistic achievement of specifying relationships between words through word order (Bloom 1973). Yet single-word utterances continue to be used. One factor that may account for the continued use of single-word utterances is focus. Focus pertains to the use of a linguistic element in a manner which places emphasis on some aspect of a situation (Chambers 1973). During the early periods of linguistic development, focussing is accomplished through rather simple means. Prior to the acquisition of syntax, the child selects the most 'important' element in a situation and encodes the element in his single-word utterance (Bates 1976). Such usage represents EXPRESSIVE FOCUSSING, that is, the use of a word representing an element which is central to the child's attention due to its newness in the situation (MacWhinney 1975). Expressive focussing, then, can be defined in part on the basis of non-linguistic contextual information. This is in contrast to the more purely linguistic and later developing use of logical focus, LOGICAL FOCUSSING involves the selection of a reference point in an utterance which takes the other components of the utterance as its 'logical scope' (Bates 1976). The role that expressive focus (hereafter termed FOCUS) may play in the use of single-word utterances after the acquisition of syntax


To evaluate the efficacy of recombinant protein on serum antibodies,EG95 gene was amplified from recombinant plasmid pGEM-EG95 by PCR,and was then subcloned into the pET-28a(+) vector.The recombinant pET-EG95 plasmid was expressed in the Escherichia coli BL21.The expressed product of rEG95 gene was identified by SDS-PAGE and Western-blotting,and purified for further use by electro-eluting method.The level of serum antibodies was determined by indirect ELISA.Results indicated that the recombinant protein rEG95 with the molecular weight of approximate 21 ku had specifically reacted with the positive sera from sheep infected with the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus,suggesting that the protein had a promising reactinogenicity.Indirect ELISA showed that by using the rEG95 protein,thepositive rate was 66.67%,80.00%,100%,91.67% and 58.2% in 18 cases of sheep with Taenia multiceps,15 cases of Cysticercus tenuicollis,20 cases of E.granulosus,24 cases of the immunized group with rEG95 and 179 cases of an epidemic area of echinococcosis,respectively, with statistically significant diffe-rences in the positive rates among the different groups(P0.05).There was positive reactivity with ovine sera from the control healthy group. In conclusion,rEG95 protein was used as a promising antigen for the co-protective vaccine and immunodiagnostic agent of sheep with larval taeniid infections.


This study was conducted to enhance the vegetative growth, fruits yield and chemical constituents of the coriander plant, in a trial to reducing the residual effects of the chemical fertilizers. Two methods for moringa leaf extract (cold or boiled extract) with different dilutions (25, 50, 75 and 100%) beside the distilled water as the control were used. The results cleared that the superior plant dry weight, N, P and K% in leaves were recorded by using the boiled MLE at 100%. In addition, the heaviest seed index (weight of 1000 fruits) was recorded by using the boiled MLE at 75%. In addition the maximum essential oil percentage was recorded by using 100% from the boiled or the cold MLE and linalool was the main component in the essential oil.


A sensitive and rapid method was developed for the determination of ruthenium in faces and other products of digestion by ruminants. The sample was ashed at 350 °C with a mixture of potassium nitrate and potassium hydroxide, dissolved in dilute nitric acid and analysed by atomic-absorption spectrophotometry using a carbon rod atomiser. The method is particularly free from interferences and is suitable for the determination of ruthenium at concentrations between 5 and 50 µg per gram of dry matter.


ABSTRACT EXPLORATORY laboratory studies investigated the effects of electrical circuit and soil parameters on high voltage capacitive discharges through soil. Up to a critical electric field, the discharge waveform was characteristic of an overdamped R-L-C circuit, with no specimen damage. Above the critical field, a current filament formed through the soil, the resistance dropped dramatically, a very large and high frequency current was observed, and the specimen was violently disrupted. Soil moisture and porosity were significant in determining the critical electric field. Small capacitors had to be charged to higher voltages (but less energy) than did large capacitors to produce filamentation.


Recent critiques of special education combined with pressure for school reform may result in effective strategies and programs for students with emotional and behavioral disorders being overlooked in the press in favor of new approaches and radical restructuring. Using current data, members of the group examined several major problems confronting special education for such students. To prevent elimination of beneficial strategies, members together identified successful practices and programs that are available for use with these students. Then explored were factors that probably contribute to continuation of inadequate practices and recommendations were developed for improving educational practice, policy, research, and professional preparation. Group members believe that if the benefits of special education are to be extended to children and youth with emotional or behavioral disorders, reform efforts must incorporate these recommendations.


Mining is a risky activity, the risk factor increases exponentially when it comes to underground mine. Working conditions in underground coal mines are much more dangerous than in underground metal mines, as it incorporates the risk of roof fall due to soft strata and the hazardous gases that may be present in an influential quantity that can have physiological effects on the human body and can even be lethal. Timely Detection of these hazardous gases is a major challenge and needs to be followed for the safety of the miners present in the mine. In this paper we have discussed about different gases and their effects; we have proposed to create a mine gas detection system that will consist of gas detecting sensors, a wireless network provider and a microcontroller. MQ-4 and MQ-7 will be used for the detection of CH4 and CO respectively. These sensors will be connected to Arduino board which will be connected to an LCD display that will regularly show the percentage of CH4 and CO. The wireless network will be provided by using Zigbee wireless network. In this paper we have also discussed the places in the mine where the sensors will be installed and the steps that has to be taken by the required professional once the gas has been detected. Keywords—Risk Factor, Gas Monitoring, Zigbee, Wireless Network.


Introduction: In-vivo metabolism of small C labelled molecules can be studied with the DNP-MR technique (1, 2, 3). However, such studies require substrate concentrations and experimental time windows that deviate significantly from studies using conventional MR techniques. To obtain high enough S/N ratios of metabolites the injected substrates need to be highly polarized at the moment of injection. This requires a high solid state polarization of the substrate and an efficient dissolution process but also a composition of the injected solution that does not affect the liquid state T1 negatively. In addition the injected solutions need to be physiologically acceptable with respect to pH, ion strength and temperature. Here we show the result of an in vivo screen of the spin–lattice relaxation time constants (T1) in healthy mouse with 14 selected compounds.This result allows for new biochemistry to be studied and provides a good basis for the development of pre-clinical and clinical metabolic substrates.


3538 Background: Mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR) results in MSI-H state and is the first tumor type-agnostic biomarker predictive of ICI response. Among GI cancers, MSI-H is most frequent in colorectal cancer (CRC 15%), gastroesophageal (GEC, 5%) and other (small bowel, hepatopancreatobiliary; 1%). For CRC, MSI-H can be attributed to germline mutation (Lynch syndrome, 3%) or somatic inactivation (sporadic, 12%) of foundational MMR genes. Studies evaluating ICI efficacy in dMMR cancers focus primarily on non-Hispanic White (NHW) patients (pts). We present prevalence, tumor genomic features, and outcomes in pts from a large cohort at Memorial Sloan Kettering (MSK). Methods: Retrospective analysis of MSI-H GI cancers from MSK-IMPACT database. Pts were grouped by self-reported race and ethnicity into 4 study arms: NHW, Asian, non-Hispanic Black (NHB), and Hispanic. Age, tumor type, tumor mutation burden (TMB), and MMR genes were analyzed. Overall survival (OS) estimated with Kaplan-Meier. Results: Of 776 pts with MSI-H GI cancers: 623 (80.3 %) NHW, 60 (7.7 %) Hispanic, 50 Asian (6.5 %), and 43 (5.5 %) NHB. CRC (76%), GEC (14%), other cancers (10%). We present initial evaluation of CRC and GEC: Median age, TMB, and most frequently altered MMR genes (MMR gene FA) are in table. Median OS (mOS) in NHW/URM by receipt of ICI in MSI-H CRC were 38.5m/25.3m (p 0.07) in no-ICI group, 34.2m/28.7m (p 0.64) in +ICI group; MSI-H GEC 43.4m/30m (p 0.44) in no-ICI group, 28.8m/26.7m in +ICI group. Conclusions: Number of URM MSI-H CRC/GEC pts is 7 to 15-fold less than NHW, with no such difference in % MSI-H/MSS between groups; reflecting significant undertesting in URM pts. In MSI-H CRC, median age (m-Age) at sequencing was younger in URM compared to NHW; pronounced in Asian and Hispanic patients, who were 10+ years younger than NHW. No such age difference seen in GEC. No difference in mOS detected between NHW and URM, however a non-significant trend towards worse mOS in URM was observed in the no-ICI group. Next steps include validation of clinico-genomics of MSI-H GI cancers in other large cohorts, including TEMPUS (N = 768) which is ongoing. [Table: see text]


To observe the effects of polysaccharide from Cuscuta chine nsis (PCC)on malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutat hi one peroxidase (GSH-PX) in serum, liver, kidney and lipofuscin(LF) in brain of senile model mice. METHODS: The senile model mice caused by d -galatose (d-gal), were randomly divided into model group (no administer d rug), positive control group (gavage Vit E 200 mg·kg~(-1),qd), three differe nt doses of PCC groups (gavage PCC 100,200,400 mg·kg~(-1),qd, respectively ) for 7 wk. Another blank group was controled. RESULTS:The model group showed elevations of MDA in serum, liver, kidney and LF in brain; conversely with descent of SOD and GSH-PX activities. The three diff erent doses of PCC groups demonstrated different degrees of antagonistic negativ e correlation ship for dosage effects on elevations of cerebral LF, and the MDA in serum, liver, kidney of model mice, with -0.916,(-0.939),(-0.950) and (-0.911) r, respec tively, P0.01; furthermore revealid various inhibitions on descend activiti es of SOD and GSH-PX in serum, liver, kidney with dosage effects of positive co rrelationship 0.898, 0.939 and(0.946) r,P(0.01); and (0.947),( 0.969), (0.947)[JP] r,(P0.01), respectively. CONCLUSION: PCC possesses the notable effects of eliminating oxyen free radicals and antilipoperoxidation.


In The Wagon Mound (No. 1) [1961] A.C. 388, Viscount Simmonds expressed the hope that, by replacing directness (and its attendant "insoluble" problem, the search for breaks in the chain of causation) with reasonable foreseeability as the test for remoteness of damage in negligence, "the law will be simplified and . . . palpable injustice will be avoided". Lawyers have long recognised that the first of these aspirations has failed dismally. Regrettably, the Court of Appeal decision in Jolley v. Sutton London Borough Council [1998] 1 W.L.R. 1546 provides a stark example of failure on both counts.


Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the detector response function using Monte Carlo simulations of small radiation fields and simulations of detector responses to those fields. The results may be used to deconvolve the effect of finite size detectors on beam broadening in small field measurements. Method and Materials: A Monte Carlo model of a linear accelerator was generated to simulate the characteristics of a clinically used photon beam. These simulations were used to create a true beam profile. Three clinically available radiation detectors and two theoretical detectors were modeled in the beam. Detector specific models of measured beam profiles were generated from simulated detector responses. Detector response functions were deconvolved from the models of simulated measured profiles and the true beam profile. The results were then analyzed using curve fitting method. Results: The penumbra of the beam profiles generated by different cylindrical detectors demonstrated a significant linear relationship with detector radius. Detector response functions of cylindrical detectors can be approximately represented as a Gaussian curve dependent upon the radius of the detector.Fourier transform methods can be used to deconvolve the detector response function for the penumbral areas, but can introduce noise in the non‐penumbral areas. Deconvolution methods can reduce, but cannot remove the effects of detector size. Conclusions: Monte Carlo simulation can be used to model small radiation fields and detector responses. Detector response functions can be determined from the simulated fields and simulated detector responses. A deconvolution method based on a detector specific Gaussian response function can be used to reduce detector size effect in the penumbral areas.


Surface waves on a grounded dielectric substrate with planar periodic dipole loading are investigated with emphasis on the existence of leaky waves in surface wave band-gap. The effect dipole and material parameters on the surface wave band-gap and leaky waves is demonstrated. Results are compared to the experiment with good agreement.


A new approach based on the particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique is proposed for solving the optimal secondary voltage preventive control problem. The objective is to reschedule the generator power output and terminal voltages as well as the tap setting of the OLTC so as to keep the voltage secure along the trajectory of a quasi-steady-state time domain simulation with respect to a credible risky contingency which could be tripping of generation facility or transmission line. The proposed PSO-based approach is demonstrated on the Nordic 32 test system. Test results show that the proposed approach is feasible and effective in the preventive control problem of dynamic voltage security. (6 pages)


The objective of this study was to obtain basic data for trapping gaseous technetium (Tc) oxide generated from the voloxidation process in spent nuclear fuel pyroprocessing. Rhenium (Re) and Ca(OH)2 were used as surrogates for the technetium and a trapping material, respectively. The trapping characteristics of rhenium oxide were investigated with changing temperatures and molar ratios of calcium (Ca) over rhenium, and the thermal behaviors of the trapping products were observed. The products following after the trapping test were identified as Ca(ReO4)2 and Ca5Re2O12. The conversion to Ca5Re2O12 was preferred with increasing temperatures, and the trapping products were completely converted into Ca5Re2O12 under conditions exceeding 800 °C, or when maintained at 750 °C for 4 hr. The trapping efficiency at a molar ratio of 2.5 (Ca:Re=5:2) was significantly superior to that at the molar ratio of 2. †(Received July 6, 2016; Accepted July 29, 2016)


This paper reports our new approach towards teamwork in advanced Computer Science courses in an online learning environment. The approach, Integrated Teamwork Enablement And Management (ITEAM), use...


Family-owned businesses are the backbone of many economies around the world. This research aims at exploring the overall contribution of the family-owned supermarkets to the economic development of Spain. The secondary data has been used throughout this research paper to meet this objective. For this reason, we systematically examine previous research on these topics of family business. The findings show that there is a significant contribution of family-owned supermarkets to the economic development of Spain. Additionally, we identify future research areas that provide scholars opportunities to push theoretical boundaries and offer further insights into the family business.


The subject of this report is one of the issues that can arise following the transition from the Danish Road Standards which used to have an isolated Danish horizon to the new road standards which are adjusted or revised with respect to the European standards for test methods and products from CEN. This implies that the Danish road standards are redrafted to comply with the European test methods and the type of framework specifications that are allowed and possible according to the European product standards.The issue arises from different inter-pretations of the reference (compaction temperature) in the specification used by the supplier and the control which focuses on analysis and volumetric calculations on laboratory compacted Marshall specimens.A combination of an omission when revising the Danish road standard for pavements for bridge decks on cement concrete bridges and changed conditions for compaction of Marshall specimens after the European methods as op-posed to the former Danish variant of the method has created interest in highlighting what influence - if any - the compaction temperature has on the material characteristics (reference values) for asphalt plant produced as-phalt concrete type ABMc which is a special Danish protection layer between the surface layer and the bridge insulation/protection layers.The objective of this laboratory exercise is to illustrate the potential influence of the compaction temperature by using a statistical experimental design with two asphalt plant produced ABMc materials which are compacted at three different levels of compaction temperature.The precision of the test methods are also part of the evaluation of the results.The primary target group for the report is bridge management and producers of ABM type c and it will provide the road standards committee, U.32, responsible for this asphalt material information for further discussions.


This paper investigates the impact of electronic word of mouth (eWOM) on sales distribution and challenges the conventional wisdom of the long tail theory. As customers refer to eWOM to evaluate pr...


Efficient image handling in the handwritten document recognition is an important research issue in real time applications. Image manipulation procedures for a fast handwritten word recognizer, including pre-processing, segmentation, and feature extraction, have been implemented using the chain code representation and presented in this paper. Pre-processing includes noise removal, slant correction and smoothing of contours. Slant angle is estimated by averaging orientation angles of vertical strokes. Smoothing removes jaggedness on contours. Segmentation points are determined using ligatures and concavity features. Average stroke width of an image is used in an adaptive fashion to locate ligatures. Concavities are located by examination of slope changes in contours. Feature extraction efficiently converts a segment into feature vectors. Experimental results demonstrate the efficiency of the algorithms developed. Three-thousand word images captured from real mail pieces, with size of 217 by 82 in average, are used in the experiments. Average processing times taken for each module are 10, 15, and 34 msec on a single Sparc 10 for pre-processing, segmentation, and feature extraction, respectively.


A condition which can be confusedwith congenitalatresia of the bile ducts is the prolongedjaundicewhich may follow hremolytlc diseaseof the newborn which has beenuntreated or treatedwith simple transfusionsonly, or has been severe and treated with a single replacementtransfusion. This is called the inspissatedbile syndrome, in which excessbilirubin has causedpartial obstruction of the bile ducts, with jaundice and an increasedserum bilirubin level lasting up to four months. The jaundice is not severe, and characteristically varies in intensity from day to day, as does the pallor of the stools. The liver is enlarged, and there may be hypoprothrombinremiaand a hsemorrhagfetendency. Bile is found in the freces, and flocculation tests of liver function give normal results. Blood incompatibility of the rhesus or ABO groups is found betweenmother and infant.


People with psychic disorders tend to be most vulnerable to smoking. Because of the relation between smoking and the occurrence of mental illness, came to light the interest to check the consumption of tobacco among users of Psychosocial Care Centers and Residential Therapeutic Services. This is a descriptive and quantitative study conducted with 392 users of mental health services through questionnaires. The main data showed the influence of smoking with the person with psychic disorder and the diagnosis, since these people show behavioral patterns which justify smoking. Therefore, we should think on harm reduction and prevention as care strategies for these people.


Roofs and walls are the main media for heat transfer for typical Malaysian buildings. In order to estimate the duration of uncomfortable periods, the environmental temperature of a building was determined over a period of time. A study of heat flux through a naturally ventilated was conducted by simulation. This study focused on heat transfer through the roof, ceiling and vertical walls. A Thermal Analysis Software was used for the modeling and analyses. A virtual test building model dimension 4m x 4m x 3m was created using conventional construction parameters for roof, ceiling, windows, door, walls and floor which meet the minimum requirement in Malaysian Standards. The results show that heat rate flux mostly peak at east wall before 12:00 hrs and west wall after 12:00 hrs. The heat rate flux through the roof is higher than that through the ceiling during daytime but lower at night as roof was the surface of most exposed to solar radiation. The proportion of heat through roof was 87% by radiation, 11% by convection and 2% by conduction. 97% of heat was transferred by radiation and 3% by conduction for ceiling and heat through wall was 88% by radiation, 8% by convection and 4% by conduction respectively.


In this paper we will study the statistics of the unit geodesic flow normal to the boundary of a hyperbolic manifold with nonempty totally geodesic boundary. Viewing the time it takes this flow to hit the boundary as a random variable, we derive a formula for its moments in terms of the orthospectrum. The first moment gives the average time for the normal flow acting on the boundary to again reach the boundary, which we connect to Bridgeman's identity (in the surface case), and the zeroth moment recovers Basmajian's identity. Furthermore, we are able to give explicit formulae for the first moment in the surface case as well as for manifolds of odd dimension. In dimension two, the summation terms are dilogarithms. In dimension three, we are able to find the moment generating function for this length function.


We present multi-speaker text-to-speech corpora for Javanese and Sundanese, the second and third largest languages of Indonesia spoken by well over a hundred million people. The key objectives were to collect high-quality data in an affordable way and to share the data publicly with the speech community. To achieve this, we collaborated with two local universities in Java and streamlined our recording and crowdsourcing processes to produce corpora consisting of 5,800 (Javanese) and 4,200 (Sundanese) mixed-gender recordings. We used these corpora to build several configurations of multi-speaker neural network-based text-to-speech systems for Javanese and Sundanese. Subjective evaluations performed on these configurations demonstrate that multilingual configurations for which Javanese and Sundanese are trained jointly with a larger corpus of Standard Indonesian significantly outperform the systems constructed from a single language. We hope that sharing these corpora publicly and presenting our multilingual approach to text-to-speech will help the community to scale up text-to-speech technologies to other lesser resourced languages of Indonesia.


This paper presents an ultra-low power human proximity sensor using electrostatic induction. The analytical model of electrostatic induction current generated by human motion is derived and verified with measurement results. Based on the analytical model, we propose an ultra-low power integrated circuit to detect human motion using electrostatic induction. The test chip implementing the proposed circuit is fabricated in a commercial 250 nm CMOS process. The measurement results of this fabricated chip show that it consumes only 30 nW for detecting human motion, which is less than 1/100th of the power dissipated by the conventional human proximity sensors.


Preeclampsia is a major obstruction complication with increasing incidence and is associated with maternal morbidity and mortality. One theory regarding preeclampsia is the development of oxidative stress due to the benefits of pro-oxidant and anti-oxidant functions that consequently results in free radicals, active oxygen, or reactive nitrogen. The deacrease of Zinc as a cofactor of anti-oxidant enzymes is reported to be associated with an increased risk of preeclampsia. Cross sectional comparative study was conducted in Dr. M. DjamilPadangHospital, SolokDistrict Hospital, PainanDistrict Hospital, BatusangkarDistrict Hospital, and Biomedicallaboratoryof Medical Faculty of Andalas University from September 2014 to February 2015. There were 40 samples with pregnancy beyond 20 weeks which were then divided into two groups; severe preeclampsia and normal pregnancy. Serum zinc wasexamined in both groups. Serum zinc in severe preeclampsia and normal pre-stressed demonstrated a significant difference (p <0.05). The mean concentration of serum zinc in severe preeclampsia and in normal pregnancy were 0.45 ± 0.09 μg / ml and 0.78 ± 0.55 μg / ml with p = 0.02. This difference is statistically significant with p <0.005. There was a significant difference between serum zinc concentration in normal pregnant women and that in severe preeclamptic women. Keywords: severe preeclampsia, normal pregnancy, zinc serum


The purpose of this study was to present methodologies that can be used to analyze human dance Movement with the cultural value in the area of creative dance. After reviewing the previous study, two different kinds of distinctive analytical methods were found. One was Joann W. Kealiinohomoku`s method which is to draw diagrams of dance Movement using Kurath notation system and then describes the result of the comparative study of different cultures in terms of time, space and style. The other was to draw distinctive dance movement phrases using Laban`s structural analysis and then discribes its qualities in an objective fashion through coding sheets test. Coding sheets which were developed by Effort-shape concepts, were the following : Alan Lomax` Choreometrics, Judith Lynn Hanna`s Dance Movement Data Categories, Elizabeth Kagan`s Coding sheets, Janis Pfrosich`s Coding sheets. In the past when we attemped to search for distinctive features of Korean dance to make a creative work, we experienced lack of systematic and scientific method for the analysis of Korean dance because the distinctive features of Korean dance has been learned through personal sence of the emotion. The methods of suggested above can be used to record the distinctive features of Korean dance and test it in an objective fashion. The use of those methods should help to find original and primary elements of creative Korean dance work and thus enhance the Korean dance to the globalized level.


Pyrrolizines are bicyclic fused azaheterocycles with a bridgehead nitrogen contained in a core skeleton and are often found in biologically active compounds. Despite their importance, there have been few reports on concise and flexible syntheses of pyrrolizines. A novel one-pot, convergent method is described for pyrrolizines by simple mixing of iminoesters, acetylenes, and dipolarophiles in the presence of a cationic gold catalyst and an acid additive. This domino process affords multisubstituted pyrrolizines without handling unstable intermediates.


The obsolete communication systems used in the underwater environment necessitates the development and use of modern telecommunications technologies. One such technology is the optical wireless communications, which can provide very high data rates, almost infinite bandwidth and very high transmission speed for real time fast and secure underwater links. However, the composition and the optical density of seawater hinder the communication between transmitter and receiver, while many significant effects strongly mitigate the underwater optical wireless communication (UOWC) systems' performance. In this work, the influences of chromatic dispersion and time jitter are investigated. Chromatic dispersion causes the temporal broadening or narrowing of the pulse, while time jitter complicates the detection process at the receiver. Thus, the broadening of the optical pulse due to chromatic dispersion is studied and the influence of the initial chirp is examined. Moreover, the effect of the time jitter is also taken into consideration and for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, a mathematical expression for the probability of fade is extracted, taking into account the influence of both of the above-mentioned effects for a UOWC system. Finally, the appropriate numerical results are presented.


The aim of this thesis is the study of endogenous growth in an economy where it results from R&D activities, materialized in horizontal and vertical innovation. This study explores the interrelation between the two types of innovation and physical capital, revealing rich transitional dynamics at several levels. To this purpose, we use Gil (2013) model, which we analytically study the local dynamics and do numerical simulations. Gil (2013) only performs the study of the steady state. This model represents an extension of Gil et al. (2013) model to which it introduces a new endogenous variable, physical capital. This modification produces a three-dimensional system. Since this is a non-linear system, it's analyzed by linearization, in order to understand the stability and convergence properties. By the analytical study we found that, in gereral, the existence of at least one stable dimension isn't guaranteed. Thus, we determine analytical sufficient conditions so it can be guaranteed. The numerical approach performed is based on the analytical results obtained and shows, for better economic analysis, the transitional dynamics for plausible values of the parameters. We find that the endogenization of physical capital accumulation process translates in richer transitions than the base model Gil et al. (2013), specially the economic growth rate dynamics.


This paper describes the methodology of how the FOCUS project's initial 24 thematic scenarios – covering five security "Big Themes" – were cross-referenced and distilled to a single Reference scenario for each of the five Themes. Each Reference scenario thus points to a future security role the EU could be expected to play in the year 2035 and its implied Security Research objectives needed to support that role – all thus forming the basis for FOCUS' ultimate goal: a roadmap for future EU Security Research.


It is a widely accepted proposition, reflected in privacy -enhancing legislation and regulations, that individuals will have less privacy in their workplace activities than in their private lives. However, modern technologies and business practices have blurred the boundary between private life and workplace, and a re-evaluation of the traditional legislative and regulatory protections for privacy in employment is required. While the 'right to privacy' is often spoken of as if it were a commonly understood and accepted principle, over the years privacy has continued to be a difficult concept to pin down. Lawyers, philosophers and sociologists have all attempted to provide a comprehensive definition of privacy and then to explain why there should be a right to it, or alternatively , why there should not. None of the accounts has swept all before it, although some may seem more convincing than others, in that they relate more closely to our own innate concept of what privacy means. Thus Richard A. Posner's account of privacy, couched as it is in the language and logic of legal economics, may resonate with us les s than Amitai Etzioni's communitarian account, although both writers suggest that the extent of an individual's right to privacy must necessarily be significantly restricted for the greater good of society. In practice, any writer wishing to outline a general theory of the right to privacy rapidly discovers that, upon subjecting that theory to the acid test of practical experience, the right of privacy in any given situation is inevitably proven to be largely contingent upon circumstance. The degree to which a right of privacy is developed and respected, and the behaviours and activities that are affected, varies from community to community and is thus heavily dependant upon a range of societal norms. As a result, the 'right of privacy' in a medieval village differs from that of the modern city, that of the Tuareg differs from that of the Californian, that of the prisoner from that of the jailer, and that of the 'cyberspace' purchaser from that of the 'meatspace' purchaser. In fact, in contemporary Western society, an individual's expectation of privacy will differ widely at various points in their day, according to their location and particular activity, with the degree of expected scrutiny differing between, for example, the home,


SUMMARYThe patterns of heterochromatin distribution was analysed in 22 species pertaining to 15 genera of Rutaceae. The chromosomes were stained by diferent techniques in an attempt to distinguish the heteropicnotic regions from the true heterochromatic one. The results show a wide diversity of patterns in the family although there is a tendency to maintain the same pattern for each analysed genus. The distribution of heterochromatin blocks were telomeric and/or centromeric but never intersticial. For each karyotype the heterochromatin tend to occur preferentially at the same position on a chromosome. The meaning of the equilocality of the heterochromatin is discussed.


An analytical method was developed to study the wave diffraction on arc-shaped floating breakwaters. The floating breakwater was assumed to be rigid, thin, vertical, immovable and located in water of constant depth. The fluid domain was divided into two regions by imaginary interface. The velocity potential in each region is expanded by eigenfunctions. By satisfying continuity of pressure and normal velocity across the imaginary fluid interface, a set of linear algebraic equations could be obtained to determine the unknown coefficients for eigenfunctions. The accuracy of present model and the computer program were verified by a comparison with existing results for the case of arc-shaped bottom-mounted breakwaters. Numerical results, in the form of contour maps of the non-dimension wave amplitude around the breakwater, were presented for a range of wave and breakwater parameters. Results show the wave diffraction on the arc-shaped floating breakwater is related to the incident wavelength and the draft of the breakwater.


Objective To explore the difference venous blood and peripheral blood in the blood glucose test. Methods 134 cases of patients with diabetes from 2013 July-2014 year in September in our hospital, divided into peripheral blood group and venous blood group, two groups were detected in different period of blood glucose value. Results Different period detection, two groups of peripheral blood and venous blood glucose values are basically the same, no significant difference(P0.05); the incidence of venous blood group of hypoglycemia(19.72%) and peripheral blood group(4.76%) compared the relative higher, the difference was statisti-cally significant(P 0.05). Conclusion Diabetes patients with peripheral blood glucose meter test can be obtained quickly and accurately the value of blood sugar, the operation is convenient, and the examination of peripheral blood can effectively prevent hypoglycemia occurs, it is of great significance to the clinical treatment of patients with physical health.


As future chemical engineers, it is important that students be able to identify and quantify sources of error. A statistical analysis technique that is often overlooked is hierarchical design methodology, which allows for the separation of overall variance into several related components. While hierarchical methodology is relevant to many fields, we have demonstrated that it can be taught through the synthesis and characterization of polymeric materials. Basic statistical concepts are described, along with relevant examples.


An algebraic intermittency model for bypass and separation-induced transition is presented. The model modifies the production terms of a k-omega turbulence model. It uses only local variables and is tuned for turbomachinery flows. For bypass transition, two effects in an attached pre-transitional boundary layer are expressed: damping of small-scale disturbances induced by the free stream and breakdown of the near-wall perturbed flow with generation of fine-scale turbulence. For separated flow, the model describes breakdown of a laminar free shear layer. The model is a modified and extended version of an earlier model by the authors for bypass transition only (Kubacki and Dick, 2016).


List of Contributors.Series Foreword.Part I: Introduction and Rationale.Introduction (P. Douben).Part II: General Characteristics of PAHs.The Sources, Transport, and Fate of PAHs in the Marine Environment (J. Latimer and J. Zheng).Geochemistry of PAHs in Aquatic Environments: Source, Persistence and Distribution (R. Burgess, et al.).Photochemical Reactions of PAHs in the Atmosphere (J. Arey and R. Atkinson).Metabolic Activation of PAHs: Role of DNA Adduct Formation in Induced Carcinogenesis (F. Akcha, et al.).Biodegradation and General Aspects of Bioavailability (F. Volkering and A. Breure).Part III Bioavailability, Exposure and Effects in Environmental Compartments.An Overview of the Partitioning and Bioavailability of PAHs in Sediments and Soils (R. Burgess, et al.).Bioavailability, Uptake and Effects of PAHs in Aquatic Invertebrates in Field Studies (P. den Besten, et al.).Bioaccumulation of PAHs in Marine Invertebrates (J. Meador).Uptake and Accumulation of PAHs by Terrestrial Invertebrates (R. Achazi and C. Van Gestel).Ecotoxicological Studies Focusing on Marine and Freshwater Fish (J. Payne, et al.).Effects of PAHs on Terrestrial and Freshwater Birds, Mammals and Amphibians (H. Malcolm & R. Shore).Effects of PAHs on Marine Birds, Mammals and Reptiles (P. Albers and T. Loughlin).PAH Interactions with Plants: Uptake, Toxicity and Phytoremediation (B. Greenberg).Assessing Risks from Photoactivated Toxicity of PAHs to Aquatic Organisms (G. Ankley, et al.).Biomarkers and PAHs - Prospects for the Assessment of Exposure and Effects in Aquatic Systems (R. Altenburger, et al.).Part IV Integration of Information on PAHs.Approaches to Developing Sediment Quality Guidelines for PAHs (D. Mount, et al.).Managing Risks from PAHs (G. Whale, et al.).Index.


The author has identified the following significant results. Northward flowing rivers of Alaska inundate extensive areas of sea ice during spring breakup. This process has been studied under the ERTS-1 program. Drainage of large volumes of fresh water through the ice at holes and cracks (strudel) causes scour depressions, over 4 m deep, and up to 20 m across in the sea floor below. Strudel scours occur within 30 km of river mouths, generally in areas where ERTS-1 imagery shows less potential for drifting ice to scour the bottom than elsewhere. The shapes and distribution patterns of strudel scours correspond with those of strudel seen in the ice canopy. Densities of scours are highest in the inner areas of overlfow. But strudel scours also occur outside of overflow areas mapped during the last several years. These must be very old. One strudel scour investigated by diving is surrounded by a rim, has vertical walls exposing a tundra horizon, and terminates at a gravel layer 4 m below the lagoon floor. Another terminates at a semi-consolidated layer of silty clay. The gravel and silty clay are pre-Holocene deposits. Mixing of Holocene marine with older sediments by vertical strudel flow causes great variability in sediment types over small areas. These observations complicate interpretation of shallow water deposits of cold climates.


Using the 19-year radar echo data in disaster area of Yongdeng, Gansu, the relation between the forming of severe convective echo and distributing characteristics with special topography characteristics of Yongdeng, Gansu, the large-scale weather background and its corresponding to severe convective echo moving, height, intensity and echo spectrum are analyzed. The results show that 1the special topography cause the air flow blocking and make it to turn back and converge, then vertical motion violently quicken, and making the convective cloud developed very quickly, which is the critical factor of the forming and distribution of convective cloud. 2the weather pattern at high level and the convective cloud construction restrict radar echo moving and echo basic characteristic. 3the echo spectrum of hail cloud show that convective activity of hail storm is exuberant state in general, the severe echo height and its temperature are important conditions for the formation of hail cloud. 4the change of hail storm echo intensity depends on the case intensity of hail storm.


The authors investigated novel synthetic routes to pendant-type {rho}-NO{sub 2}-BZ-DOTA, 1 and 2, containing a (carboxymethyl) amino group appended to the DOTA structure via a methylene (1) and an ethylene (2) spacer, respectively. The complexation of Yttrium (III) with these chelates is reported. 1 fig., 1 tab.


Basing on the emergent evolution of web technologies and the increasing number of video consumerson the one hand, and the immense role of this multimedia data in the information diffusion in the other hand, we have thought of designing a new system which makes connection between videosand Knowledge base connected to the semantic web technologies, inorder to enhance videos.We aim by this work to enhance information received by the video's viewer with extra-data. The added data must be related to the video topics and explains more the content of the video. In this paper, we present the proposed system with the different components and used techniques.


The research of the thermal state of workers is associated with s ome ethical difficulties. The research work uses the method of rewards and bonuses for respondents. This argues the relevance of the discussion about the ethical principles of conducting hygienic and physiological studies in conditions of manufacturing.


By examining their N–H stretching absorptions in the hydrogen-bonding system, the steric effects of the substituent on the C=O or N–H group have been studied for sym-disubstituted alkylureas of the RHNCONHR′ type in carbon tetrachloride. By comparing the estimated percentage of the monomer, it is concluded that the steric effects are not large enough to convert the trans conformation into the cis conformation, though the branched alkyl groups may prevent another molecule from approaching more strongly than the normal alkyl groups. Correlations among some spectral parameters have been examined, such as the estimated percentage of the monomer, the frequency shift upon hydrogen-bond formation, the apparent integrated absorption intensity, and the halfintensity width of the associated band.


Scholars of democracy promotion foreign aid often claim it has substantially increased, yet they shy away from explaining by how much, nor investigate comparative trends in giving. This paper attempts to fill this void by addressing the following: (1) Has democracy promotion aid increased since the end of the Cold War? (2) Has the 'assumed' trend of increasing aid persevered through the difficulties encountered in democratizing Iraq? (3) Did aid increase from states that supported the invasion of Iraq compared to states that did not? The author's analysis purports that the answer is yes to the first two, yet it is harder to draw conclusions regarding Iraq. Another finding, contrary to claims in the scholarly literature, in terms of percentage and overall spending, the USA gives more democracy promotion aid than the EU. The author hopes this work stimulates research into the role of democracy promotion in the Arab Spring to consider historical trends in giving.


Correctly stressing syllables in the pronunciation of English words plays an essential part in oral communication because misplaced emphasis or vocal stress often results in failure of a listener to recognize the mispronounced words. Stress placement of word syllables has long been recognized as an important aspect in the instruction of pronunciation within Chinese English curricula, but concrete improvements to teaching methods have proven elusive. Due to a considerable dissimilarity in the linguistic nature of Chinese and English and a serious lack of authentic oral modeling in the classroom, Chinese students of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) usually receive little phonological education. As a consequence, they often, ignore English sounds to the extent that they seemingly become effectively deaf to the English language. To a native English speaker, the improperly accented English words spoken by these students sound hesitant, inarticulate, and sometimes, completely unintelligible.It is shown in this study that the improper speech habits of these students can be effectively improved using the rules of a Canadian linguist's word stress prediction model. These rules predict syllable emphasis through a word's orthography or letter sequences, thus requiring minimum phonetic memorization in learning how to place emphatic stress correctly in the syllables of unfamiliar English words.This study provides substantial and undeniable evidence demonstrating the potential of these stress prediction rules in helping EFL learners improve their Standard American English (SAE) pronunciation. By correctly accenting syllables, non-native speakers of English, particularly Chinese English students, are able to eliminate unwanted foreign accents, reduce the likelihood of miscommunication with English speakers, and improve the overall intelligibility of their spoken English.


Forming processes assisted by localised laser heating are studied in recent years. Heating is used to make it possible or facilitate forming of materials, which exhibit such adverse properties as: brittleness, effects of high work-hardening or a high elastic springback. The hereby presented investigations concern the hybrid thermo-mechanical forming of thin-walled parts using local heating of the material by the laser beam. The research is aimed at forming of parts from materials used in the aviation industry, such as the nickel-base super-alloys Inconel 625, Inconel 718, and also martensitic superalloys AISI 410 and AISI 325. Preliminary investigations are conducted using X5CrNil8-10 (1.4301) stainless steel. Experimental study and numerical simulations cover the behaviour of thin beams 1 mm thick, subjected to mechanical load in the cantilever arrangement and heated by the CO2 laser beam moving from the free end of the sample towards its fixture. The possibility of obtaining large bending deformations relatively easily due to 184 Kształtowanie profili cienkościennych wspomagane laserowo Widłaszewski Jacek, Marcin Nowak, Zdzisław Nowak, Piotr Kurp. 2017. "Kształtowanie profili cienkościennych wspomagane laserowo". Obróbka Plastyczna Metali XXVIII (3): 183–198. (3) Participation in formulating concepts and assumptions, performing numerical simulations and analyzes (4) Participation in formulating concepts and assumptions, performing experimental research the application of laser beam is demonstrated experimentally. Experimentally verified finite element numerical simulations show the intense plastic flow of the material layer heated by the laser beam. It is accompanied by a shift of the cross-section neutral axis of the beam. Bending of thin-walled tubes in a specially designed device is studied in the next step. It allows introducing mechanical loading in a controlled manner, heating the material by a moving laser beam and forcing the required deformation according to the kinematic scheme of the device.


[1] SPIDR (Space Physics Interactive Data Resource) is a de facto standard data source for solar-terrestrial physics, functioning within the framework of the ICSU World Data Centers. It is a distributed database and application server network, built to select, visualize and model historical space weather data distributed across the Internet. SPIDR can work as a fully-functional web-application (portal) or as a grid of web-services, providing functions for other applications to access its data holdings.


The invention relates to a system for controlling the luminosity of a head-up display (36) of a vehicle, said display (36) being configured to display an image, said system comprising means (32) for assessing luminosity connected to means (34) for determining a luminosity instruction for the display (36). The system is characterised in that said means (32) for assessing luminosity are capable of assessing the external luminosity towards the front of the vehicle and beyond the image displayed on said display (36), and in that said determination means (34) are capable of determining the luminosity instruction in accordance with the external luminosity assessed and of transmitting same to the display (36).


Metaphors can be regarded as a means of expressing thought and act.Spatial metaphors is also the most basic and important cognitive domain.This research deals with expansion of "up" as well as frequencies and collocation of "up" from the perspective of spatial metaphors and prototype theory,with the help of BNC corpus.In other words,it focuses on the prototypical meaning,extended meaning as well as their cognitive process of how the spatial meanings are extended to metaphorical meanings.In conclusion,"up" are used to construct four target domain named state、action、number、direction.What's more,"up" is connected with good things such as high state,approach,completion of affair,accretion in number and important direction.


Abstract : A large block of material is subjected to a constant average strain rate resulting in deformation in the antiplane shear mode. The material is assumed to be isotropic, incompressible and hyperelastic. To simulate the situation in which strain hardening of the material is overwhelmed by thermal softening, the shear stress as a function of shear strain has a local maximum. The block contains a material imperfection in the form of a small region in which the material is less stiff than the otherwise homogeneous block, and in which the maximum possible stress is less than in the surrounding material. The transient deformation is analyzed numerically by means of the finite element method. It is found that a shear band initiates in the region of the material defect, and then propagates in a crack-like fashion into the rest of the body. A prediction of the speed of propagation of the edge of the band is made on the basis of a linearization of the governing field equations around a state corresponding to the strain level at which the local maximum in stress occurs. (Author)


Hydrogeochemical processes that would occur in polluted groundwater and aquifer system, may reduce the sensitivity of Sr isotope being the indicator of hydraulic fracturing flowback fluids (HFFF) in groundwater. In this paper, the Dameigou shale gas field in the northern Qaidam Basin was taken as the study area, where the hydrogeochemical processes affecting Sr isotope was analysed. Then, the model for Sr isotope in HFFF-polluted groundwater was constructed to assess the sensitivity of Sr isotope as HFFF indicator. The results show that the dissolution can release little Sr to polluted groundwater and cannot affect the eSr (the deviation of the 87Sr/86Sr ratio) of polluted groundwater. In the meantime, cation exchange can considerably affect Sr composition in the polluted groundwater. The Sr with low eSr is constantly released to groundwater from the solid phase of aquifer media by cation exchange with pollution of Quaternary groundwater by the HFFF and it accounts for 4.6% and 11.0% of Sr in polluted groundwater when the HFFF flux reaches 10% and 30% of the polluted groundwater, respectively. However, the Sr from cation exchange has limited impact on Sr isotope in polluted groundwater. Addition of Sr from cation exchange would only cause a 0.2% and 1.2% decrease in eSr of the polluted groundwater when the HFFF flux reaches 10% and 30% of the polluted groundwater, respectively. These results demonstrate that hydrogeochemical processes have little effect on the sensitivity of Sr isotope being the HFFF indicator in groundwater of the study area. For the scenario of groundwater pollution by HFFF, when the HFFF accounts for 5% (in volume percentage) of the polluted groundwater, the HFFF can result in detectable shifts of eSr (ΔeSr=0.86) in natural groundwater. Therefore, after consideration of hydrogeochemical processes occurred in aquifer with input of the HFFF, Sr isotope is still a sensitive indicator of the Quaternary groundwater pollution by the HFFF produced in the Dameigou shale of Qaidam Basin.


The vasculitides are a group of complex multisystem disorders that are linked by the presence of necrotizing inflammatory lesions in blood vessels. Arteries and other vessels of various sizes and locations in the body may be involved, resulting in a wide spectrum of manifestations [1]. The causes and pathogenetic mechanisms of vasculitides are poorly understood but are probably diverse. Their severity, course, and outcomes vary. Within the vasculitides, there seem to be several distinct clinical syndromes. However, even these have multiple presentations, and the different syndromes have overlapping findings. These factors have made it difficult to define these diseases and diagnose individual cases. A tissue biopsy showing arteritis confirms vasculitis but by itself does not necessarily define a specific syndrome [2]. Furthermore, biopsy is a sampling process and sometimes misses an involved vascular segment or provides an incomplete picture of the pathology. In some instances, biopsy may not be feasible. Thus, diagnosis of vasculitis usually depends on the presence of a combination of findings. Because of the lack of a single pathognomonic test in most rheumatic diseases, including vasculitis, the development of criteria for diagnosis or classification has been of continuing interest to rheumatologists. In the United States, the American College of Rheumatology has taken a lead in developing classification criteria for rheumatic diseases, the main purpose of which is to standardize clinical definitions for use in research studies [3]. Standardized definitions are needed to allow comparison of results of studies from different centers. The method comprises identification of a set of frequent clinical findings (criteria) manifested in the disease in question that both point toward the disease (sensitivity) and away from others (specificity) [4]. Controls for validation have usually been limited to patients with diseases that may be confused with the one in question and who have a workup similar to that of patients with the disease. Because sensitivity and specificity in classification sets rarely reach 100%, some patients are always misclassified. When a target disease is uncommon in a population, the sensitivity of a classification set remains the same but the positive predictive value decreases because of the increase in false-positive results [5]. Selection of criteria with a higher specificity can reduce this effect. Classification criteria work best in the study of groups of patients and work less well in the evaluation of individual patients. Meeting classification criteria is not equivalent to making a diagnosis in an individual patient [4]. Physicians make diagnoses by considering all clinical features in a patient, some of which may be classification criteria. Because of the limitations of classification criteria, investigators may include patients whom they believe have the diagnosis in question regardless of whether they fulfill the criteria, as long as the investigators describe those who do not meet the criteria and provide reasons for their inclusion. In 1990, a committee of the American College of Rheumatology published criteria for the classification of seven forms of vasculitis [6]. The criteria sets included those for polyarteritis nodosa, the Churg-Strauss syndrome, Wegener granulomatosis, hypersensitivity vasculitis, Henoch-Schonlein purpura, giant-cell arteritis, and Takayasu arteritis. These criteria were derived from a detailed analysis of 1000 consecutive cases of definite vasculitis submitted by multiple centers. A wide spectrum of vasculitis cases was included; the seven types of vasculitis made up 678 of the 1000 cases studied. Criteria sets were developed by selecting findings that were characteristic of one of the forms of vasculitis but were less frequent or absent in the other cases [7]. Findings that were typically present in one type of vasculitis but common to several forms were excluded because they did not separate the groups. Statistical analysis helped select the criteria sets that best separated each type of vasculitis from the others as a group. The ability to distinguish patients with vasculitis from those without vasculitis was not studied and would have required a different control group, which probably would have resulted in the selection of different criteria. In this issue, Rao and coworkers [8] report on the applicability of the 1990 vasculitis classification criteria sets in diagnosis. Noting that physicians often misuse classification criteria as diagnostic criteria, they studied 198 patients referred to their clinic for possible vasculitis. Vasculitis was diagnosed in 51 of the 198 patients (26%) under 14 diagnostic categories. Rao and coworkers found that 38 of the 51 patients (75%) fulfilled criteria of one of the four classification groups they had selected. The other 13 were misclassified as not having vasculitis. Thirty-one of the 147 patients (21%) in whom vasculitis was initially suspected but in whom the disease was not confirmed later also fulfilled one of the classification sets. Only half of the patients given a diagnosis of one of the four types of vasculitis criteria fit the appropriate set. Analysis of operating characteristics showed sensitivities of 50% to 100% and specificities of 89% to 92% but positive predictive values of less than 30%. Negative predictive values were higher and ranged from 89% to 100%. Although the number of cases in the study by Rao and coworkers is small, their results tend to confirm what the Vasculitis Committee thought would happen: If the criteria sets are used for diagnosis of individual patients, they function poorly. Separate criteria are needed for classification and for diagnosis. In Rao and coworkers' patients, diagnosis of vasculitis was based on a physician's overall judgment after chart review rather than on predefined or standard criteria. The reader does not know, for example, which clinical or laboratory features led to the specific diagnosis in individual patients or whether physicians in other centers would agree with the diagnoses. Standardized criteria based on analysis of a series of cases can answer such questions. Multicenter studies help iron out regional or ethnic variations in disease and provide the numbers of cases needed to analyze uncommon diseases, such as vasculitis. Another, more general problem is the large number of diagnostic terms used in vasculitis. Rao and coworkers listed 14 different diagnoses in only 51 cases. Better understanding of these diseases would help, but formulating standard definitions focuses attention on the problem and moves us toward workable answers [9]. Standardized criteria order our approaches to the study of disease cause, course, and therapy. They focus our objectives in clinical research and enhance the identification of important clinical differences and subsets of diseases. The process of disease description needs to be dynamic, with additions or changes to criteria and definitions as more is learned about these illnesses. We must keep in mind that classification criteria and diagnoses are not diseases. They are descriptors that change as new knowledge is acquired.


My Ph.D thesis focuses on the study of solution concepts for rational learning agents in extensive–form games in absence of common knowledge; specifically, on the definition of solution concepts, their search, analysis of static and dynamic property, characterization of learning dynamics. Summarily, my work is finalized to better understand how to integrate more thoroughly game theory and machine learning.


The means by which the Shi jing was transmitted were, primarily, written texts as well as oral recitation and singing, and the textual features formed by these processes were often quite varied. During the pre-Qin period, written texts were frequently "open documents"; therefore, discrepancies among texts do not necessarily indicate distinctions of relative quality. Moreover, texts with different features do not necessarily belong to different textual systems. Therefore, one should adopt a holistic, open-minded attitude toward early textual forms of the Shi jing, and avoid hastily proceeding from discrepancies of format to rash judgments that they belong to different texts.


Working at Tract Consultants near Bridge Road in Richmond gives me a front-row seat on the city's sad trend of high-street decline. Every day, I watch one of the city's key retail strips slowly lose tenants. Walking to get my lunch, I often pass three or four empty shops in a row - and the ones that are still open are having closing-down sales. My guess is that 30% of the shops are vacant.


The bachelor work deals with a dilemma of project management. Basic conceptions from a sphere of project management are described in the second chapter. These conceptions are applied in next chapters. Basic periods of a project – (ahead)project, project and (up)project are described in the third chapter. An individual periods of a project are graphically represented and the description of activities belongs to an individual periods, the description of used tools and methods follow. The fourth chapter is constructed of a comparative study of software tools for project management. Four free accessible software tools are compared here. Possibilities of software tools are compared on the basis of criteria which are chosen according to an user guide MS Project 2003.


The results of the examination of embryological features of structure and growth of ovule and embryo sac of several species and hybrids of Syringa L., subgenus Syringa, Villosae C.K. Schneid. section: S. josikaea J. Jacq. ex Rchb., S. emodi Wall. ex Royle, S. wolfii C.K. Schneid., S. sweginzowii Koehne & Lingelsh., S. villosa Vahl, S. × prestoniae McKelvey (S. komarowii subsp. reflexa× S. villosa), S. × henryi C.K. Schneid. (S. josikaea× S. villosa) are presented in the article. The samples are taken from the collection of syringarium in the A.G. Genkel botanical garden of Perm state national research university. The examines species and hybrids of Syringa are characterized by a similar development of their feminine reproductive sphere. The gynecium type is syncarpous. The ovary is superior, bilocular, is formed from two carpels growing into one. A single ovary contains from 1 to 4 ovules, more frequently 2. The ovules are anatropous. Nucellus of an ovule consists of a layer of early dissolving cells. Single integument is well developed. There is only one archesporial cell, which arises in most species and hybrids on the third ten-day period of May, in S. villosa on the second ten-day period of May. Megaspore tetrad is linear, the functional megaspore is chalazal. A mature embryo sac is of prolonged shape and consists of an egg cell and two synergids in the micropylar part, a central cell with two polar nuclei, three antipodes in the chazal part. Nuclear fusion in all the analyzed species and hybrids is registered before fertilization, at the bud flower stage (S. wolfii, S. emodi, S. sweginzowii), at the half-open blossom stage (S. josikaea) and at the open blossom stage (S. villosa, S. × prestoniae, S. × henryi). No disturbances in the development of ovules and embryo sacs that may be a reason for the low seed production of the examined species and hybrids have were registered.


Recent years, sparse recovery that exploits the sparsity of the target scene has been introduced for range-velocity estimation in the Randomized Stepped Frequency Radar (RSFR). Due to the synthesized high range resolution in RSFRs, a target usually occupies a series of range cells and is referred to as an extended target. This clustering characteristic as well as the sparsity of the target scene appear as the block-sparsity property. By leveraging the block-sparsity property, which better characterizes the priori knowledge of the extended target than the conventional sparsity property, block sparse recovery promises to outperform the conventional sparse recovery. This paper studies the RSFR range-velocity estimation using block sparse recovery, and theoretically analyzes the recovery condition. The simulation results demonstrate the superiority of the block sparse recovery over conventional sparse recovery in range-velocity reconstruction with RSFRs.


With the ethyl formate and the α-amino pyridine as raw materials and by condensation,bromination,cyclization and Willgerodt-Kindler reaction to synthesis the intermediate imidazopyridin-3-yl-acetic acid.


The radio frequency identification (RFfD) is one kind of non-contact automatic identification technology. This article introduced the design of RFID reader used the reflex technique without origin and the modulation principle, and realized the 915M RFID reader system based on NIOS II. In this system air interface specification and the communication protocol conform to EPC Class-1, Generation-2 standard. At the same time, the article introduced the research on same frequency disturbance between succession carry signals and received signals.


DEAs used in applications such as tunable lenses, soft robotics, etc. are expected to survive many thousands to millions of stretching cycles without degradation of their performance. Here, we present a measurement technique to characterise the evolution of the resistance of compliant electrodes submitted to cyclic biaxial strain, which represents the stretching configuration to which DEAs are usually submitted. We apply the novel electrode resistance degradation (NERD) method to the characterisation of compliant electrodes obtained by inkjet printing a carbon black suspension. We show that although the electrodes can sustain 1 million cycles of stretching at 5%, a 10% cyclic strain causes a much faster degradation, leading to a reduced actuation strain over time. We show that increasing the thickness of the electrodes leads to cracking and accelerated degradation; two layer electrodes degrade more rapidly than single layer electrodes. The NERD setup represents an efficient tool to quickly evaluate the suitability of different electrode formulations for use as compliant electrodes for DEAs.


Introduction: The tea plantation industry in South India is facing a severe labour crisis leading to influx of large number of migrant workforce.Provision of good health services for migrant workers is a daunting challenge for health care providers and estate management. Objective: To compare the health, nutrition and immunization status of children of migrant workers with local children in tea plantations in Anamallai, Tamilnadu. Methodology: A cross sectional study along with a qualitative component was conducted between November and December 2014. A total of 110 children between the ages of 1-5 years attending 19 crèches through 7 estates were included. Socio demographic details, feeding practicesand immunization status were captured using an interview schedule. Anthropometric parameters and physical examination findings were documented. FGDs and indepth interviews were conducted with various stakeholders. Results: Among 110 children assessed, 64 were locals and 46 were migrants. According to the WHO classification of nutritional status, about 8% and 7% of the local and 24% and 22% of the migrant children were underweight & stunted respectively.Only 13(29.5%) of migrant children were fully immunized for age compared to 100% of the local children. Health problems like ARI, worm infestation, rachitic changes & behavioral problems were more common in migrant children. Qualitative results depict that health seeking behavior is poor among migrants. Conclusion:The high prevalence of health problems, incomplete immunization and poor nutritional status is significantly higher among children of migrant workers compared to local children. Health seeking behavior is poor among migrants. Migrant sensitive policies, information systems and specific training to the health care delivery people to reach the unreached are the challenges. Integration and synergy with all the stakeholders and self-advocacy and participation from the migrants is also needed. Key-words: Migrant children's health, plantation, comparative study, India.