To compare the proposed techniques with the experimental approach, the robot deformation under load is simulated and the tool displacement is estimated. It is shown that both approaches are equivalent in terms of accuracy. While the experimental method is easier to implement, the algebraic approach allows analyzing the contribution of each link in a reduced model of elasticity. Besides, the obtained estimate of the parameters does not depend on the accuracy of measurements and configurations used in the identification process.


9001 Background: The success of imatinib (Gleevec) in gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is proof that a small oncogene targeted molecule can have significant benefit in a solid tumor. Sarcomas, other than GIST, also overexpress one or more of the tyrosine kinases inhibited by imatinib. We are performing a multi-institutional study to evaluate imatinib activity in nine different sarcoma subtypes and desmoid tumors. Methods: Patients ≥10 years old with a sarcoma subtype not curable by multidisciplinary management were eligible. Imatinib was prescribed at 300 mg BID (BSA≥1.5m2), 200 mg BID (BSA=1.0–1.49m2), or 100 mg BID (BSA<1.0m2). Responses at two and four months were collected. Rules for early termination within each disease type were based on a hierarchical Bayesian probability model accounting for correlation of the responses of the 10 disease types. Tissue specimens were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for c-kit, PDGFRα, PDGFR****223'3f NEEDS TO BE ADDED TO TIMES NEW ROMAN GREEK FONT****, AKT, PT...


The present study focuses on the valorisation of winery industry wastes through slow pyrolysis of exhausted grape marc (EGM). The optimal pyrolysis parameters were firstly identified by small scale experiments carried out using thermogravimetric analysis. Nine pyrolysis temperatures were tested and their influence on the decomposition of the EGM residue and biochar yield was evaluated. Then, biochar production was conducted in a pilot plant at three chosen temperatures (450, 500 and 550 °C) at which the biochar was shown to be stable. The effects of biochar application to soil with respect to plant (ryegrass) growth was also evaluated. Pyrolysis of EGM at the 450–550 °C temperature range has been shown to generate thermally stable and nutrient-rich biochars, but only the biochar produced at 450 °C showed a marked benefit effect of ryegrass growth.


A current-mode interface (CMI) with mixed single/dual slope integration (MSDSI) for differential capacitive sensors (DCSs) is presented in this article. The proposed design is based on the integration of the reference current flowing through the capacitors of the DCS. The integration of the capacitor of a smaller capacitance is performed with a dual slope. Contrary, the integration on the capacitor of a larger capacitance is performed with only one slope. The normalized differential capacitance (NDC) defined as the difference-to-sum ratio of the DCS capacitances is proportional to the duration of only one time interval which is digitized using the counting method. There is no need for postprocessing in the proposed NDC-to-time-to-digital conversion. It has been prototyped using discrete off-the-shelf components mounted on a printed circuit board, with a single supply voltage of 3.3 V. The measured NDC is in the range $|\text {NDC}| < 0.612$ , with the constant sum of DCS capacitances of 970 pF. Achieved full-scale error is smaller than 0.3%, with a range of conversion speed from 1770 to 2755 NDC-to-time-to-digital conversions per second.


A simulation model for the dynamic growth of the virtual plant based on the environmental factor is presented in this paper. Using the L-system,the tree structure model for the growth process simulation of various trees is established. According to the botanical knowledge,the effect to trees from environmental factor is introduced through abstracting and weighted processing of the tree biological characteristics and the concise algorithms for interactive effect between tree growth and their sunshine is established. The simulation results show that the model can reflect the influence of the changes in environmental factors on plant growth,and simulate the dynamic growth of trees better and more realistically.


Organizations are adopting cloud in their business to gain cost-efficiency and to survive amongst the best. Moving to cloud, customer organizations can utilize pay-per-usage pattern of service and innumerable advantages that cloud offers over traditional methodologies. With the diversity of purposes that cloud computing is used for, data storage is the major adopted service. This includes the storage of sensitive data like employee personal information, which increases the demand for privacy and high security in cloud. For ensuring the safety of data and information sensitive to the business, organizations must know what type of cloud to be used. Public cloud, wherein costs are low with minimum or no guarantee of safety of the data or Private cloud, wherein the customer can rely on a third party cloud vendor for safeguarding their data with complete privacy. The tug of war between public cloud and private cloud came to an end with hybrid cloud which is a connected cluster of public clouds and private clouds.Hybrid cloud can viewed as the solution for many organizations needs in terms of security and usage. The paper provides a proposed algorithm for hybrid cloud security and the comparative study between the existing security algorithm and proposed security algorithm of hybrid cloud.


This work presents a systematic review to provide an overview of the possibilities for coupling, fabrication or embedding of electronics into textiles whilst assuring the capability of these products to meet the requirements of a sports modality. The development of smart wearables systems for sports based on textiles attracts more and more users – motivated by design, by technology, as well as by the expectation of increased performance. A bibliographic search was carried out using the following databases: Scopus, Web of Science, IEEE Xplore and Science Direct. This study includes 32 articles and discusses these in a new taxonomy with three dimensions: measured variable, types of feedback and applications. Of the 23 technologies surveyed, this review showed that these wearable systems are mainly used for vital signs monitoring and to provide feedback on the electrical activity of the heart, with sensors mostly placed in the chest. Usually, the technologies are externally attachable rather than embedded in the textile. We observed that the implementation of design as the process of development of e-textile products is still only scarcely present in these studies.


A method of reducing distortions in the diffusion imaging, occur in shots of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance images of an examination object (12) by means of a magnetic resonance system (1), comprising the steps of - performing at least one respective first measurement (R - performing at least one respective second measurement (R - determining an equalization function and determining correction parameters for equalizing diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance images based on the first and second measurements (R - equalizing the diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance images based on the equalization function and the correction parameters.


Objective: To review Public Law (PL) 109-41—the Patient Safety and Quality Improvement Act of 2005 (PSQIA)—and summarize key medication error research that contributed to congressional recognition of the need for this legislation. Data Sources: Relevant publications related to medication error research, patient safety programs, and the legislative history of and commentary on PL 109-41, published in English, were identified by MEDLINE, PREMEDLINE, Thomas (Library of Congress), and Internet search engine–assisted searches using the terms healthcare quality, medication error, patient safety, PL 109-41, and quality improvement. Additional citations were identified from references cited in related publications. Study Selection and Data Extraction: All relevant publications were reviewed. Summarization of the PSQIA was carried out by legal textual analysis. Data Synthesis: PL 109-41 provides privilege and confidentiality for patient safety work product (PSWP) developed for reporting to patient safety organizations (PSOs). It does not establish federal mandatory reporting of significant errors; rather, it relies on existing state reporting systems. The Act does not preempt stronger state protections for PSWP. The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality is directed to certify PSOs and promote the establishment of a national network of patient safety databases. Whistleblower protection and penalties for unauthorized disclosure of PSWP are among its enforcement mechanisms. Conclusions: The Act protects clinicians who report minor errors to PSOs and protects the information from disclosure, but providers must increasingly embrace a culture of interdisciplinary concern for patient safety if this protection is to have real impact on patient care.


A supply hub is a location generally close to a manufacturer's facility where all or some of its supplies are warehoused with the agreement that the materials will be paid for only when consumed. Supply hub is an innovative strategy employed by especially the electronics industry to achieve cost reduction and improved responsiveness. After first tracing the developments leading to the establishment of supply hubs, the paper then describes the dynamics of the operation of supply hubs. Case examples are provided to highlight the current practices. Finally, some research issues are identified.


The purpose of this study is to analyze common household pets as subjects of rights, that is, holders of a specific protection that guarantees their well-being within family relationships as members, due to the bonds and affectivity they have developed. In this context, questions are raised as to the possibility of applying, by analogy, the norms of Family Law, specifically with regards to custody, visitation rights and alimony, when there is marital dissolution. For the development of the research, the theoretical method was used, which consists of a bibliographic review and analysis of the country's legislation.


Abstract : Several new and seemingly successful scene analysis techniques for application to 'real' image processing are presented and discussed. These techniques consist of particular combinations of spatial low pass filtering, global thresholding and Boolean operators, specifically the 'AND', 'OR' and 'NOT' operators. These combinatorial operators, hereafter referred to as the 'Boolpass' operators, perform the task of picture energy/information reduction, while retaining the fundamental picture primitives such as edges which characterize the images. Over 150 figures are included which illustrate the results obtained from application of the Boolpass techniques to eight different natural scenes. These results indicate that the Boolpass operators do display great potential as important components of a larger more comprehensive pattern recognition machine. Such a machine would encompass further processing (for target classification/recognition) of the resulting Boolpass operator information. (Author)


ABSTRACT Industrial spraying operations in high-mix, low-volume manufacturing are usually not automated due to variety and variability among workpieces. Automated path planning for industrial spraying operations offers the potential to automate surface preparation and coating in such environments. Autonomous spray path planners in the literature have been limited to generally continuous and convex surfaces, which is not true of most real parts. There is a need for planners that consistently handle concavities and discontinuities, such as sharp corners, holes, protrusions, and other surface abnormalities when building a path. This research uses slicing-based adaptive planning methods to generate path trajectories. It identifies and quantifies the importance of concavities and surface abnormalities and whether they should be considered in the path plan by comparing the true part geometry to the convex hull path. Based on these considerations, the path is adapted accordingly. Results show that the path planning method generates smooth trajectories and indicate that the adaptive methods developed substantially increase both mean impingement and uniformity of impingement in a pressure washing application. From this, it is concluded that the method represents a substantial step toward one-off robotic path planning for complex geometries.


We present an optically-selected cluster catalog from the Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) Subaru Strategic Program. The HSC images are sufficiently deep to detect cluster member galaxies down to $M_*\sim 10^{10.2}M_\odot$ even at $z\sim 1$, allowing a reliable cluster detection at such high redshifts. We apply the CAMIRA algorithm to the HSC Wide S16A dataset covering $\sim 232$ deg$^2$ to construct a catalog of 1921 clusters at redshift $0.1 15$ that roughly corresponds to $M_{\rm 200m}\gtrsim 10^{14}h^{-1}M_\odot$. We confirm good cluster photometric redshift performance, with the bias and scatter in $\Delta z/(1+z)$ being better than 0.005 and 0.01 over most of the redshift range, respectively. We compare our cluster catalog with large X-ray cluster catalogs from XXL and XMM-LSS surveys and find good correlation between richness and X-ray properties. We also study the miscentering effect from the distribution of offsets between optical and X-ray cluster centers. We confirm the high ($>0.9$) completeness and purity for high mass clusters by analyzing mock galaxy catalogs.


The ion association constants KA=[M+A-]/[M+][A-] which have been measured conductimetrically at 105 7 °C in acetic acid are : perchloric acid 0.0644 X 106, sodium perchlorate 0.1346 x 106, and sodium acetate 0.752 x 106. The parameters 6, centre to centre distance between the ions at contact, which were calculated from Bjerrum's formula, are : perchloric acid 4.52 Ǻ, sodium perchlorate 4.20 Ǻ, and sodium acetate 3.61 Ǻ. The autoprotolysis constant, K = [H2+ Ac][Ac-]= 1.17 x 10-19, was calculated from the specific conductivity of acetic acid at 105.7 °C. The acetic acidium acetate ion pairs were calculated to be 100.0% dissociated.


This paper describes research (which is in its early stages) to investigate the best way of designing an interactive problem-solving computer system for people who are not programmers. The research is empirical and involves subjects solving problems on a representative system. Features of interest (which will become experimental treatments) include the means of sign-on and sign-off, the means of communication with the non-programmer, the process of matching a user with the appropriate package, the execution of such packages, and enhancements to such packages. This paper concludes with a description of a pilot experiment using a prototype system in which subjects with written documentation and those with no documentation at all were more productive than subjects with online system documentation. No performance differences were found in the factors of information display and single vs. multiple response capabilities.


The heterostructural film combining multiferroic CoFe2O4/Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 bilayer with semiconductor ZnO layer was prepared. Three-state resistive switching was demonstrated by time-dependent current measurements under different stimuli combination of voltage pulse and magnetic bias. The asymmetry diodelike current-voltage, capacitance-voltage, and polarization-voltage loops, which seriously depend on magnetic bias, were observed. We revealed that three-state resistive switching was dominated by the changes in the charge carriers in the heterostructure, which were modulated by the magnetoelectric coupling between ferromagnetic and ferroelectric layers and interface polarization coupling between ferroelectric and semiconductor layers. This work provides promising candidates for developing advanced switchable devices with multifunctional memory.


This special issue of Public Health Reports (PHR) focuses on innovations and advances in incorporating a social-determinants-of-health (SDH) framework for addressing the interrelated epidemics of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), viral hepatitis, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and tuberculosis (TB) in the United States and globally. This focus is particularly timely given the evidence of increasing burden and worsening health disparities for these conditions, the evolution in our understanding of the social and structural influences on disease epidemiology, and the far-reaching implications of the global economic downturn.

The global trends and adverse health impact of HIV, viral hepatitis, STIs, and TB remain among the major and urgent public health challenges of our time.1 These conditions account for substantial morbidity and mortality, with devastating fiscal and emotional costs to individuals, families, and societies. Despite decades of investment and support, the U.S. still experiences a disproportionate burden of these conditions compared with other Western industrialized nations, with substantial health disparities being observed across population subgroups and geographic regions.2 The reasons for these inequities are multifaceted and complex. It is true that individual-level determinants, including high-risk behaviors such as unsafe sexual and drug-injecting practices, are major drivers of disease transmission and acquisition risk. However, it is also clear that the patterns and distribution of these infectious diseases in the population are further influenced by a dynamic interplay among the prevalence of the infectious agent, the effectiveness of preventive and control interventions, and a range of social and structural environmental factors.3,4 Many of these conditions arise because of the circumstances in which people grow, live, work, socialize, and form relationships, and because of the systems put in place to deal with illness, all of which are, in turn, shaped by political, social, and economic forces.

Understanding the multilevel and overlapping nature of these epidemics, and their social and structural determinants, is key to designing and implementing more effective prevention programs.5 Individual risk behaviors influence the probability of contact with other infected or infectious individuals. However, these behaviors do not occur in a vacuum. With respect to STIs, an individual's sexual risk behavior occurs within the context of a sexual partnership or partnerships, which are, in turn, located within a wider sexual network. For other infectious diseases, including TB, the built or physical environment can influence patterns and opportunities for interpersonal contact, social mixing, and probability of onward transmission of the infectious agent.6 These more proximal determinants of transmission risk also occur within the context of wider social and structural determinants.7,8 Structural factors include those physical, social, cultural, organizational, community, economic, legal, or policy aspects of the environment that impede or facilitate efforts to avoid disease transmission. Social factors include the economic and social conditions that influence the health of people and communities as a whole, and include conditions for early childhood development, education, employment, income and job security, food security, health services, and access to services, housing, social exclusion, and stigma.

Our understanding of the connections between these determinants, and their relative importance to each other, has evolved over time. Earlier models for infectious disease transmission highlighted the primacy of the interactions among the individual, the infectious agent, and the environment, with infectious disease prevention and control programs being focused predominantly on targeting interventions toward the individual—e.g., individual-level counseling, testing, screening, and treatment interventions. Thus, HIV prevention has been dominated by individual-level behavioral interventions that seek to influence knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors, such as promotion of condom use, education about sexual health, and education of injecting drug users about the dangers of sharing equipment.4 While there has been some success with this approach, public health programs have failed to achieve sustained reductions in incidence or achieve elimination of these conditions and their associated inequities. There is also a growing appreciation that although some individually oriented interventions have shown results in reducing risk behavior, their success is substantially improved when HIV prevention addresses the broader structural factors that shape or constrain individual behavior, such as poverty and wealth, gender, age, policy, and power.9

The growing recognition of the social and structural barriers to prevention and control efforts for HIV, viral hepatitis, STIs, and TB have allowed prevention experts to employ more comprehensive approaches to their interventions. Such structural approaches include actions implemented as single policies or programs that aim to change the conditions in which people live, multiple structural actions of this type implemented simultaneously, or community processes that catalyze social and political change (e.g., social mobilization to oppose a harmful traditional practice). They also include policy or legal interventions (e.g., legal actions to combat or reform a discriminatory practice), interventions to influence the way services are delivered through promoting collaboration and integration,10 contingent funding, and economic and educational interventions.11 These approaches can be applied in combination with behavioral or medical interventions targeted at individuals, and aim to address factors affecting individual behavior, rather than targeting the behavior itself.

It is within this context that this special issue of PHR has been brought together to reflect upon the influences, opportunities, and impact of SDH on the transmission of HIV, viral hepatitis, STIs, and TB. Major strategic priorities for the National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention (NCHHSTP) at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)12 are promoting health equity and reducing health disparities through adopting a social-determinants approach to our prevention activities. NCHHSTP also intends to place more emphasis on structural and contextual determinants of health, particularly health policy and legislation, economic and social interventions, and cross-sectoral collaboration.


A basic implementation of the weakly compressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics (W-SPH) method is used to model the open surface flow phenomena of two different types of hydraulic problems. They were both two-dimensional approximations of known hydraulics problems: dam break over dry bed and dam break over wet bed with shallow and deep variants. For all models, the results were compared quantitatively with data from waterfront profiles from previously published experiments. A qualitative approach was used to assess the general profile shape comparing the numerical hydraulic profile results with published photographs of all setups shown. The numerical model converged to a stable solution with relatively low-resolution setups (2 000 to 20 000 particles) and a good correlation was found with the experimental and numerical references, even without the application of correction algorithms. Numerical oscillations in the density field did produce small artificial waves and vortices, but did not interfere with the behavior of the bulk of the fluid except for some delay in the speed of surface waves. The choice of developing an entirely original, self-contained source code, although very insightful, does mean that the neighboring particle search algorithm used considerably increments the associated computational cost. However, using this insight along with the basis of the comparison with experimental results, optimization priorities for the source code were found and some guidelines to choose fluid resolution and boundary density can be applied for future cases where the flow phenomena are similar to those studied. Also, the experience of writing the SPH source code that was used to solve the numerical models, shows the path for future developments on fluid flow modeling using this method.


The invention relates to a metal halide for an ultraviolet light source. The metal halide comprises, in percentage by weight, 50-70% of FeI2, 5-15% of FeBr2, 20-35% of CoI and 1-5% of T1I; a preparation method of the metal halide for the ultraviolet light source comprises the following steps: weighing, adding a solvent, uniformly stirring to prepare small spherical particles, and roasting the particles at a high temperature to prepare the metal halide finished product. The metal halide disclosed by the invention has the following beneficial effects: the light source prepared from the metal halide is complete in light-emitting wavelength spectrum and high in light intensity.


The kinetics and the mechanism of the thermal decomposition of H2S and subsequent reactions have been studied. The rate constant for the initiation reaction H2S + M → products (1) was determined by a shock tube−infrared emission spectroscopy at temperatures 2740−3570 K to be k1 = 10-10.44±0.31 exp[−(268.6±18.4)kJ mol-1/RT] cm3 molecule-1 s-1, which is about one-fifth to one-tenth of the recent results reported by Woiki and Roth (J. Phys. Chem. 1994, 98, 12958) and Olschewski et al. (J. Phys. Chem. 1994, 98, 12964). An ab initio (MRCI+Q) calculation suggested that a spin-forbidden product channel (→S(3P) + H2) is energetically favorable compared to a H−S bond fission channel; that is, the singlet−triplet intersystem crossing occurs at an energy lower than the dissociation threshold for HS + H by about 17 kJ mol-1. The present rate constant for reaction 1 could be well reproduced by an unimolecular decomposition theory with the calculated energy for the crossing and with a reasonable collision parameter, βc...


The main question stated in this paper is that in architecture projects developed with digital support, the changes that occur nowadays, with this extensive range of tools and experiments are reflected not only in the representation, but also on the design and production of architecture. Nowadays we observe the novelty of the forms generated, and the re-organization of the work processes in the architecture offices. We also see how these new technologies have maintained the dialogue with the most traditional methods of design as one of their central axes. Throughout this paper, it is done an analysis of the different ways in which the utilization of these new digital technologies are intervening on the architecture of our days. Key words: digital media, digital fabrication, contemporary architecture.


During the period from i886 to i89i I did little scientific work, and published scarcely anything. I was occupied with establishing myself in my new profession and with assuring my own material existence as well as that of a rapidly increasing family. In i89i there appeared the first of my studies upon the cerebral paralyses of children, which was written in collaboration with my friend and assistant, Dr. OSKAR RIE. An invitation which I received in the same year to contribute to an encyclopaedia of medicine led me to investigate the theory of aphasia, which was at that time dominated by the views of WERNICKE and LICHTHEIM, which laid stress exclusively upon localization. The fruit of this inquiry was a small critical and speculative book, Zur Auffassung der Aphasie [sic]. But I must now show how it happened that scientific research once more became the chief interest of my life (i).


A brief overview of the NASA-sponsored HSCT propulsion system studies is presented that includes objectives, approach, schedules, and a summary of interim results highlighting the NASA in-house studies. Seven propulsion system concepts have been considered to date and comparatively evaluated on a first-order basis using takeoff gross weight (TOGW) as the main discriminator. Only two concepts have been screened out thus far and it is apparent that TOGW is not a strong discriminator. However, the first-order screening process did not account for differences in propulsion installation effects or climb-noise suppression penalties-both of which may strongly influence the screening process.


BACKGROUND
Recently, a high incidence of ultrasound-detected hepatic hematomas due to percutaneous liver biopsy has been reported. Until yet, little is known about the incidence of asymptomatic hepatic hematomas following sonographically guided fine-needle biopsy.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
For that reason, we carried out a prospective study with sonographic examinations before and after liver biopsy in 160 patients. 51 patients, aged 50 to 83, median 67 years, with focal liver lesions had ultrasound-guided liver biopsy using the 0.95 mm-cut biopsy-needle, in 109 patients (17 to 80, median 49 years) with diffuse liver disease percutaneous liver biopsy with the 1.4 mm-needle of Menghini was performed.

RESULT
After fine-needle biopsy none of the 51 patients with focal liver lesions displayed liver hematoma on ultrasonography. In the group of patients who underwent percutaneous Menghini biopsy a liver hematoma, sized up to 12 x 5 cm in diameter, occurred four times (3.7%).

CONCLUSION
The results of this study indicate that fine-needle biopsy of the liver is a particularly safe diagnostic procedure, when compared with percutaneous Menghini biopsy.


It is shown that although Glauber's time‐dependent Ising model with a magnetic field cannot be solved in general, it can be solved in a hydrodynamic limit. This solution is useful for describing the relaxation kinetics of polymers, whose equilibrium properties are equivalent to a one‐dimensional Ising model. The general properties of the hydrodynamic approach are discussed.


Businesses that dismiss employees for corporate reasons such as downsizing, merger, restructuring, or individual reasons such as poor performance use the Outplacement Services to minimise the negative effects of this difficult process. In this setting, career counseling, job placement assistance, interview coaching etc. may be provided. In this study, interviews were performed with senior HR managers from six organizations in Turkey that provide outplacement either in-house or through consultancy firms. Business-level data were analyzed using theme analysis and qualitative descriptive analysis based on the literature. The results show that this practice turned into a routine HR process by half of the participants, and the other half utilized it systematically after mass layoffs during economic downturns. Outplacement is thought to improve the business image for both internal and external stakeholders. The duration of the service is kept more limited due to the high cost when taken from consultancy firms.


ABSTRACT While there is a sizable body of evidence linking greater economic freedom to better environmental outcomes, there is an ambiguous relationship of trade to the environment. What occurs when trade expands among countries that already have shown that the environment is not a priority? Such an example comes from real life with the Eurasian Economic Union (EaEU), a collection of autocracies that have pursued integration but without any extensive, market-based liberalization. This paper examines the role of the EaEU in increasing trade among its member states and shows that the EaEU did indeed lead to more environmentally unfriendly production.


Provided are a decoding method and decoding device for a low density parity check (LDPC) truncated code. The decoding method comprises intercepting P rows and N' columns from a P * N original check matrix of a complete code corresponding to a truncated code to serve as a P * N' target check matrix, wherein the N' columns at least comprise K' columns of an original check matrix corresponding to the positions of K' information bits in the complete code and the last P columns of the original check matrix, N is the length of the complete code corresponding to the truncated code, N' is the length of a code corresponding to a target check matrix, and N' is greater than or equal to (K'+P) and is less than N; and decoding the truncated code according to the target check matrix, and obtaining K' decoded bits. According to the embodiments of the present invention, a target check matrix smaller than an original check matrix is adopted to decode a truncated code, and there is no need to decode a complete code, thereby improving the decoding throughput and the decoding efficiency.


The topical problem of disputes arising between regional prosecutors and heads of the investigative authorities concerning the involuntary termination of criminal cases on rehabilitating grounds, in case the accused was taken into custody, is analyzed. Usually, the investigator cannot and shouldn't indicate the names, surnames, patronymics of all "figurants" of upcoming investigation in the descriptive part of the resolution on initiation of a criminal case. Having discovered the new episodes of criminal activities of newly identified "persons involved", he must realize, whether they are in causal relationship with the previously identified episodes of criminal activity of suspects or accused (if they are, then there are no grounds for distinguishing a criminal case into separate proceedings or presenting materials for procedural check). A federal judge has the authority to change (cancel) the restraint previously "approved" by him, specifying the appropriate motives in the resolution. The head of the investigative body (if there are grounds) has the right and is obliged to cancel the investigator's decision to institute a criminal case, as well as to acknowledge a person as an accused, and, taking into account the decision of a federal judge to abolish the previously chosen restraint, to make a reasoned decision about the termination of criminal prosecution regarding the part of the brought charge. The investigator shouldn't cancel his own decisions, duplicating the resolutions of the head of the investigative body. The resolution on termination of criminal prosecution, mandatory in this context, should be the formal basis for the rehabilitation of the accused.


The goal of this thesis is to bridge the gap in digital control systems between high-level domain models for physical dynamics and implementation platforms. To that end, suitable interfaces linking physical and platform behavior are proposed for two setups. In the first, these interfaces improve guaranteed control performance under constrained communication. In the second, fast simulation and optimization are achieved for a class of switching-actuated systems.


The article begins presenting the characteristics that at the moment have the sector of the Technologies of the Information and the Telecommunications (TI...


Industrial Effluents entering the water bodies is one of major sources of environmental toxicity. It not only affects the quality of drinking water but also has deleterious impact on the soil microflora and aquatic ecosystems. The south Gujarat area is "Toxic Hotspot" in the state. In the presence study we collected effluent sample From Different Industrial area near Vapi Gujarat .The parameters such as temperature, of the water have been studied using standard protocol APHA. The levels of heavy metal pollution such as mercury (Hg), Arsinate (As) and Nickel (Ni) were determined by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The physicochemical analysis reveals that the all the samples are polluted and having the values higher than the permissible limits. Some remedial steps to be taken for avoiding water pollution.


Murphy considers radiation of the power of the main-bus electrical systems from the rear of the craft. For the Pioneers, the aft has a louver system, and "the louver system acts to control the heat rejection of the radiating platform...A bimetallic spring, thermally coupled radiatively to the platform, provides the motive force for altering the angle of each blade. In a closed position the heat rejection of the platform is minimized by virtue of the "blockage" of the blades while open louvers provide the platform with a nearly unobsructed view of space." [4]


Mobile, touch-screen devices are increasingly ubiquitous in children's lives. The extensive use of such devices presents an exciting opportunity for data collection. We describe a simple method for creating cross-platform, interactive tablet experiments using open Web-based resources. We illustrate this method by collecting data from 1- to 4-year-old children in a word-recognition paradigm, using 3 different techniques: tablets, eye tracking, and an in-person storybook paradigm. Both accuracy and reaction-time data from the tablet compared favorably with the other methods. Tablets should be considered as a viable method for collecting low-cost, well-controlled developmental data.


In 'today's contemporary world, multiple factors determine any organization's productivity in several contexts, but what are those factors and through which underlying mechanisms those factors affect the organizational productivity is a question of real concern. On the other hand, organizations are encouraged to adopt the technology to survive in the economies' ontogeny. It is a fact that businesses not embracing the philosophy and practice of application of information technology will be at a competitive disadvantage. The current study was established to examine the direct as well as indirect impact of entrepreneurial orientation, total quality management, and business innovation on organizational productivity in the presence of dynamic capabilities as a mediator. Further, the interactive effect of IT adoption with dynamic capabilities on organizational productivity was investigated. Data was collected from the managers and owners of the pharmaceutical companies of Indonesia. SmatPLS 3 was used to study the measurement and structural model. Results revealed that all direct and indirect associations are positive and significant. Finally, the current study offers some valuable insights for scholars and practitioners.

 How to Cite this Article

 Pubmed Style

 Dalle J, Siyoto S, Astika ND, Negara DJ, Chandra T, Anam K. Moderating Role of IT Adoption and Mechanism of Dynamic Capabilities on Indonesian Pharmaceutical Firms Performance. SRP. 2020; 11(9): 982-992. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.9.142

 Web Style

 Dalle J, Siyoto S, Astika ND, Negara DJ, Chandra T, Anam K. Moderating Role of IT Adoption and Mechanism of Dynamic Capabilities on Indonesian Pharmaceutical Firms Performance. http://www.sysrevpharm.org/?mno=24070 [Access: March 29, 2021]. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.9.142

 AMA (American Medical Association) Style

 Dalle J, Siyoto S, Astika ND, Negara DJ, Chandra T, Anam K. Moderating Role of IT Adoption and Mechanism of Dynamic Capabilities on Indonesian Pharmaceutical Firms Performance. SRP. 2020; 11(9): 982-992. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.9.142

 Vancouver/ICMJE Style

 Dalle J, Siyoto S, Astika ND, Negara DJ, Chandra T, Anam K. Moderating Role of IT Adoption and Mechanism of Dynamic Capabilities on Indonesian Pharmaceutical Firms Performance. SRP. (2020), [cited March 29, 2021]; 11(9): 982-992. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.9.142

 Harvard Style

 Dalle, J., Siyoto, . S., Astika, . N. D., Negara, . D. J., Chandra, . T. & Anam, . K. (2020) Moderating Role of IT Adoption and Mechanism of Dynamic Capabilities on Indonesian Pharmaceutical Firms Performance. SRP, 11 (9), 982-992. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.9.142

 Turabian Style

 Dalle, Juhriyansyah, Sandu Siyoto, Nita Dwi Astika, Danes Jaya Negara, Teddy Chandra, and Khairul Anam. 2020. Moderating Role of IT Adoption and Mechanism of Dynamic Capabilities on Indonesian Pharmaceutical Firms Performance. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy, 11 (9), 982-992. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.9.142

 Chicago Style

 Dalle, Juhriyansyah, Sandu Siyoto, Nita Dwi Astika, Danes Jaya Negara, Teddy Chandra, and Khairul Anam. "Moderating Role of IT Adoption and Mechanism of Dynamic Capabilities on Indonesian Pharmaceutical Firms Performance." Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy 11 (2020), 982-992. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.9.142

 MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

 Dalle, Juhriyansyah, Sandu Siyoto, Nita Dwi Astika, Danes Jaya Negara, Teddy Chandra, and Khairul Anam. "Moderating Role of IT Adoption and Mechanism of Dynamic Capabilities on Indonesian Pharmaceutical Firms Performance." Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy 11.9 (2020), 982-992. Print. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.9.142

 APA (American Psychological Association) Style

 Dalle, J., Siyoto, . S., Astika, . N. D., Negara, . D. J., Chandra, . T. & Anam, . K. (2020) Moderating Role of IT Adoption and Mechanism of Dynamic Capabilities on Indonesian Pharmaceutical Firms Performance. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy, 11 (9), 982-992. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.9.142


The paper shows the possibility of using the mixture 1,3- and 1,4-bis(tert-butylperoxyisopropyl)-benzene as a cross-linking agent in the production of polyethylene foam. Most often, cross-linked polyethylene foam, which has high performance properties, is obtained by pressing, using azoicarbonamide as a foaming agent and dicumyl peroxide as a cross-linking agent. Dicumyl peroxide has a significant drawback: high toxicity of decomposition products. Using the soxlet extratctor, the optimal degree of crosslinking (57-62%) required to obtain foam with optimal performance properties was determined. Using the brabender plastograph, which allows you to study, in a wide range of values, the crosslinking kinetics. It was found that the degree of crosslinking 57-62% corresponds to the torque in the range of 1700-2500 g∙m. a comparative characteristic of two crosslinking agents is given: traditional (dicumyl peroxide) and the studied peroxide. It was found that the crosslinking rate in the presence of the mixture 1,3- and 1,4-bis(tert-butylperoxyisopropyl)-benzene is significantly lower, but the final degree of crosslinking is at the same level as when using dicumyl peroxide. The dependence of the maximum torque on temperature is studied. There are restrictions on the Use of the brabender plastometer for studying the crosslinking kinetics. When the degree of crosslinking is more than 70%, the composition goes into a non-melting state, and the device's performance drops sharply. For practical use of the mixture 1,3- and 1,4-bis(tert-butylperoxyisopropyl)-benzene, the degree of crosslinking in the presence of the foaming agent azodicarbonamide was studied. It is shown that the introduction of a gas-forming agent (azodicarbonamide) into the composition significantly reduces the degree of crosslinking of polyethylene foam only in the case of the mixture 1,3- and 1,4-bis(tert-butylperoxyisopropyl)benzene. The optimal concentration of new crosslinking peroxides, allowing to foam, density 80-100 kg/m3, not inferior to original compositions by main technical-economic indicators have been determined.


The Cambrian explosion can be thought of as the culmination of a diversification of eukaryotes that had begun several hundred million years before. Eukaryotes – one of the three domains of life — originated by late Archean time, and probably underwent a long period of stem group evolution during the Paleoproterozoic Era. A suite of taxonomically resolved body fossils and biomarkers, together with estimates of acritarch and compression fossil diversity, suggest that while divergences among major eukaryotic clades or 'super-groups' may have occurred as early as latest Paleoproterozoic through Mesoproterozoic time, the main phase of eukaryotic diversification took place several hundred million years later, during the middle Neoproterozoic Era. Hypotheses for Neoproterozoic diversification must therefore explain why eukaryotic diversification is delayed several hundred million years after the origin of the eukaryotic crown group, and why diversification appears to have occurred independently within several eukaryotic super-groups at the same time. Evolutionary explanations for eukaryotic diversification (the evolution of sex; the acquisition of plastids) fail to account for these patterns, but ecological explanations (the advent of microbial predators) and environmental explanations (changes in ocean chemistry) are both consistent with them. Both ecology and environment may have played a role in triggering or at least fueling Neoproterozoic eukaryotic diversification. ALTHOUGH THE CAMBRIAN explosion is certainly a significant event in itself, it can be seen as part of a larger diversification of eukaryotes that had begun millions of years before. Neither multicellularity nor biomineralization was invented in the Cambrian explosion; both were present in several clades long before the close of the Proterozoic (Allison and Hilgert, 1986; Butterfield, 2000; Porter et al., 2003). Similarly, predatory behavior, often cited as one of the possible triggers of Cambrian radiation (e.g., Stanley, 1973), first made its appearance several hundred million years before, albeit in microbial organisms. Eukaryotic diversification reached an acme in latest Neoproterozoic and early Cambrian time, but substantial increases in diversity characterize the earlier Neoproterozoic Era as well (Knoll 1994; Vidal and Vidal-Moczydlowska, 1997). Here I discuss the Proterozoic diversification of eukaryotes, focusing, in particular, on evidence from the late Mesoproterozoic and Neoproterozoic fossil record. WHAT IS A EUKARYOTE? Before discussing the fossil record of eukaryotes, it would be useful to define what a eukaryote is. Eukaryotes are one of three major groups or 'domains' of life. They are distinct from the other two domains – Archaea and Bacteria – in that they have a more complex cell structure: their cells possess a membrane-bound 'true' nucleus, a cytoskeleton, a complex endomembrane system, and organelles such as mitochondria and plastids. Eukaryotes are probably best known for their multicellular representatives — indeed, multicellularity evolved at least seven times within the eukaryotes, in animals, fungi, red algae, slime molds, brown algae, and at least twice in green algae. A substantial component of eukaryotic diversity, however, is microbial, comprising taxa traditionally grouped within the protozoa and algae. It is these microbial groups that primarily contribute to the early fossil record of eukaryotes. PALEONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY PAPERS, V. 10, 2004 36 CURRENT VIEWS OF EUKARYOTE PHYLOGENY Our view of eukaryote phylogeny has undergone significant change in the last decade. Early phylogenies based on rRNA painted a compelling picture: complex eukaryotes, such as animals, plants, and fungi, diverged rapidly and late in eukaryotic evolution, while simpler, often bizarre, mitochondrion-lacking eukaryotes diverged in regular succession much earlier (Sogin, 1991). Several studies now show that this pattern is an artifact of long branch attraction (e.g., Philippe et al., 2000), and that the early branching, amitochondriate clades are in fact highly derived, their mitochondria secondarily lost or reduced (e.g., Tovar et al., 2003; Sutak et al., 2004). Recent phylogenies based on molecular and ultrastructural data are starting to converge on a different pattern. These indicate that most eukaryotes fall within one of several 'super-groups' (Fig. 1; Simpson and Roger, 2002; Baldauf, 2003; Nikolaev et al., 2004): the opisthokonts, including the animals, choanoflagellates, and fungi; the Amoebozoa, including most slime molds and the lobose amoebae; the plants, including the red and green algae and the land plants; the chromalveolates, including the diatoms, brown algae, ciliates, dinoflagellates, chrysophyte algae, and, possibly, the haptophytes (the group that includes the coccolithophores); the Rhizaria, including the foraminifera, the filose testate amoebae, and the radiolaria; and the excavates, including the euglenids and several parasitic taxa. Relationships among these taxa are not well resolved, although recent work based on gene fusion data suggests that the tree can be rooted between two larger clades, the opisthokonts + amoebozoa on one side, and the rest of the eukaryotic super-groups on the other (Stechmann and Cavalier-Smith, 2002, 2003). If correct, this would represent a radical departure from the conventional view of eukaryotic evolution, implying that the group that includes the animals and fungi may have branched off early in eukaryotic evolution. THE EARLIEST EUKARYOTES Late Proterozoic rocks record the diversification of eukaryotic super-groups, but the eukaryotic clade itself appears to have originated much earlier. Sterane molecules, whose biochemical precursors, sterols, are widespread and diverse in living eukaryotes, have been found in ~2700 Ma shales from Australia (Brocks et al., 1999), suggesting that eukaryotes may have evolved by late Archean time. Sterols have also been found in several bacterial groups as well (see, e.g., Cavalier-Smith, 2002a), although none exhibit the structural diversity indicated by the Archean steranes (Brocks et al., 2003). Plausible eukaryotic body fossils — problematic macrofossils and structurally complex microfossils first appear ~1000 m. y. later, in late Paleoproterozoic and early Mesoproterozoic rocks. Problematic macrofossils include the ~1400-1800 Ma Grypania and ~10001600 Ma "strings of beads" structures, both interpreted as photosynthetic eukaryotes (Grey and Williams, 1990; Han and Runnegar, 1992; Kumar, 1995). If these interpretations are correct, they would imply that the eukaryotic super-groups must have already diverged by early Mesoproterozoic time, as plastids, the site of photosynthesis in eukaryotes, were acquired after the plant supergroup had diverged from its closest relative (although see Andersson and Roger, 2002). More convincingly eukaryotic fossils include the ~1500 Ma structurally complex microfossil Tappania plana, whose irregularly branching processes and bulbous protrusions suggest the presence of a cytoskeleton – a character unique to eukaryotes (Javaux et al., 2001; see also Javaux et al., 2003). With the possible exception of problematic macrofossils like Grypania, these early fossils may best be interpreted as stem group eukaryotes: taxa that branched off the 'main line' early in eukaryotic evolution, prior to the last common ancestor of all living eukaryotes [in contrast, 'crown group eukaryotes' refer to those eukaryotes that are descended from the last common ancestor of all living eukaryotes (Fig. 1); see, e.g., Budd and Jensen (2000) for further discussion of 'stem' and PORTER–EARLY EUKARYOTIC DIVERSIFICATION 37 FIGURE 1—A current view of eukaryote phylogeny, based on a consensus of molecular and ultrastructural data [modified from Simpson and Roger (2002), Baldauf (2003), and Nikolaev et al. (2004)]. Question marks associated with excavates and chromalveolates indicate that monophyly of these clade is in question. The dotted line indicates uncertainty with respect to the inclusion of the haptophytes in the chromalveolate clade. Rooting of the tree is based on gene fusion data from Stechmann and Cavalier-Smith (2002, 2003). The three-gene fusion uniting the opisthokont and Amoebozoa supergroups refers to genes involved in pyrimidine synthesis; the two-gene fusion uniting the rest of the super-groups refers to the dihydrofolate reductase and thymidylate synthase genes (Stechmann and Cavalier-Smith, 2003). Dates are derived from fossils discussed in the text, and in most cases represent broad estimates. As discussed in the text, many of these taxonomic assignments are uncertain; dates associated with the more questionable assignments are in italics; those associated with the more convincing assignments are larger and in boldface (see also Table 1). PALEONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY PAPERS, V. 10, 2004 38 'crown' groups]. As stem groups, these fossils provide a minimum age constraint on the origin of the eukaryotic clade itself and on the acquisition of important eukaryotic synapomorphies (e.g., sterols and the cytoskeleton). The eukaryotic crown had originated by the time we see the first representatives of a eukaryotic super-group (~1200 Ma; though possibly as early as 1500-1700 Ma; see Fig. 1 and below), but not until the early to middle Neoproterozoic Era do fossils representing a diversity of eukaryotic super-groups appear. EUKARYOTIC DIVERSIFICATION Two lines of evidence indicate that the diversification of eukaryotes was underway by middle Neoproterozoic time. The first, and most compelling, comes from a suite of body fossils and molecular biomarkers that, as discussed in the following sections, can either be plausibly or convincingly assigned to modern eukaryotic clades (see Table 1). The second comes from acritarchs – problematic organic-walled microfossils — and macroscopic carbonaceous compression fossils. Although taxonomically unresolved, thes


By examining how the process of transition affected cultural sustainability of post-industrial medium-sized cities in Serbia, the paper is an attempt at providing answers to essential questions: What happened to the cultural needs and habits of the working class – once so significant during socialism? How its members re-articulate their citizenship nowadays? To what extent artists and cultural workers can help them reconsider sustainable development through bottom-up actions and participative projects? The research focuses on cities which used to be pride of socialist development in Serbia: Užice, Kragujevac, Bor and Majdanpek. Authors discuss the ways of creating sustainable communities through artistic actions and projects, by showing the extent in which such bottom-up activities contribute not only to the revitalization of different urban neighbourhoods in the context of (culture-led) sustainable development, but also to the rise of new developmental visions among the former working class.


We have measured the effect of pressure on the solid phase epitaxial growth rate of Ge(100) into self‐implanted amorphous Ge by using in situ time‐resolved infrared interferometry in a high‐temperature, high‐pressure diamond anvil cell. In the temperature range 300–365 °C, a rate enhancement of more than a factor of 100 over that at ambient pressure has been observed due to hydrostatic pressures of up to 5.2 GPa (52 kbar). The pressure enhancement is characterized by a negative activation volume of −6.2±0.6 cm3/mol (−45% of the atomic volume), which is of the same sign but greater in magnitude than we found in Si. We conclude that the defects controlling the solid phase epitaxy of Ge cannot be vacancies in the crystal, that mechanisms based on other point defects migrating to the interface from either phase are unlikely, and that mechanisms based on point defects residing in the interface are plausible.


The Grid Integration Toolkit provides state-of-the-art resources to assist developing countries in integrating variable renewable energy into their power grids. Greening the Grid is supported by the U


According to recent analyses, many strategic projects are part of a "New Urban Policy" favouring private developments and enhancing gentrification and social exclusion. Alternative projects should be more transformative, integrated and emancipatory. In order to test these claims for the Flemish region, I use Moulaert and Nussbaumer's model (2005a) on the concept of social innovation to evaluate the socio-spatial innovation capacity of two Flemish strategic projects. The analysis suggests that social innovation is possible but that Flemish strategic projects are strongly affected by market, property and management oriented approaches.


We investigate several models of coupled scalar fields that present discrete ${Z}_{2}{,Z}_{2}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{Z}_{2}{,Z}_{3}$ and other symmetries. These models support topological domain wall solutions of the BPS and non-BPS type. The BPS solutions are stable, but the stability of the non-BPS solutions may depend on the parameters that specify the models. The BPS and non-BPS states give rise to bags, and also to three-junctions that may allow the presence of networks of topological defects. In particular, we show that the non-BPS defects of a specific model that engenders the ${Z}_{3}$ symmetry give rise to a stable regular hexagonal network of domain walls.


We calculate the spectrum of photons resulting from electromagnetic cascades through thermal radiation, and examine the consequences of including triplet production in these cascades. We assume that the cascade is one-dimensional, and we nd that this approximation is justiied in the present work for thermal radiation with temperature less than 10 3 mc 2. Results are obtained for both monoenergetic and power-law primary spectra, and for a variety of path lengths. We nd that triplet production is particularly important in electron{photon cascades through thermal radiation when the primary energy exceeds 10 5 m 2 c 4 =kT for propagation over small path lengths. The importance of triplet production decreases as the path length increases, and it has no eeect on saturated cascades.


Coal seam D belongs to Muara Enim Formation in Central Palembang Subbasin, South Sumatera Basin, which ages of Middle Miocene to Late Miocene. This study aims to determine the quality of the coal, especially sulphur content and form, ash content and composition, and trace elements of heavy metals. Those are important to know as a reference in suitability in the use of this coal. Methods of analysis is proximate, total of sulphur, form of sulphur, SEM-EDS, ash composition, and trace element. The coal is categorized as low rank coal or lignite with a very low total sulphur max 0.25%, dominated by the organic sulphur formed during the peatification and coalification process (syngenetic). The coal has a safe ash composition. It shows from a very low metal oxide content that causes slagging and fouling at low temperatures process. Likewise, the trace element content of the coal such as chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), manganese (Mn), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni) is still far below the threshold for trace element content in coal.


In the first two chapters of this monograph, we frame this series of studies as an inquiry into the adoption and development of a certain kind of pedagogical content knowledge (Shulman, 1987) used for teaching physical education in P–12 school programs—that coming from a model-based instructional (MBI) approach (Metzler, 2005). The Georgia State University (GSU) physical education teacher education (PETE) faculty have designed, implemented, and assessed their program from an MBI perspective for several years, giving the program a well-defined (Mitchell, 2000) and perhaps unique identity among other PETE programs in the United States. The longevity of the MBI design in the GSU PETE program allowed us to study not only current preservice teachers, but also recent program graduates (induction teachers) and veteran teachers (cooperating teachers) who mentor our student teachers and who themselves are familiar with and use an MBI approach to varying degrees in their own daily practice. The purpose of this chapter is to advance the concept of pedagogical content knowledge in a manner that would better align it with the integrative type of knowledge needed by teachers at all three stages, allowing them to use MBI most effectively in physical education school programs once they have adopted that approach. This improved alignment would allow teachers to learn pedagogical content knowledge within a dynamic process that requires their attention to several key factors simultaneously, rather than as a set of deconstructed pieces of knowledge (e.g., management, content, pupil characteristics). They learn about separately in courses and must then put together during field experiences, often with little or no guidance from faculty or cooperating teachers.


Current educational rhetoric rings of goals to educate for 21 century skills preparing students for the competitive challenges of a global economy and interdependent society. Concerns about the American educational system falling behind other leading world nations have fueled national legislation to improve current educational practices. In efforts to promote what are considered essential skills and to ensure the teaching of core competencies, the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) legislation has emerged as the driving force defining academic curriculum. Emphases are placed on reading, writing, mathematics, science, and technology skills. Unfortunately, these curricula are emerging not only as core content but also the only content in some grade levels.


A 39-year-old male had a stomachache for 10 days before abnormal liver function tests were detected by a local doctor. Then, he was referred to us and admitted to our hospital for examination and treatment of elevated transaminases. He had taken benzbromarone to treat his hyperuricemia for seven months, and we diagnosed him with benzbromarone-induced liver injury. After the termination of benzbromarone, he finally recovered from his illness. There are several reports about benzbromarone-induced liver injury. In conclusion, as periodic liver function tests seem not to be completely performed, clinicians should regularly monitor liver function tests in patients taking benzbromarone.


This paper presents the results of a preliminary assessment study to investigate baseline performance measures and differences between control and stroke participants during reaching tasks in three directions. H-Man, planar robot is, used for this purpose. Thirteen healthy and two chronic stroke patients with upper limb motor impairment participated in the study. Assessment of performance was made through three task parameters (smoothness of movement, peak velocity, and time to peak velocity). The results from healthy subjects indicate no significant difference between different directions, however significant differences are observed in stroke participants across different directions for smoothness measure (Spectral Arc Length). All the three measures show significant differences between control and Stroke participants for corresponding directions.


Most existed target localization methods in underwater sensor networks assume that the locations of sensor nodes are accurate as references to infer target location. However, in practice especially in underwater acoustic networks, the self-localization errors are inevitable. In this paper, considering the presence of both self-localization errors and measurements noises, a target localization model using time difference of arrival is constructed and then the localization problem is formulated. In order to solve the problem, we propose a TDOA target localization algorithm based on weighted total least squares in an iterative fashion. The proposed model takes into account the prior information of measurement noise variance and self-localization error variance which improve the performance. Simulations are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results show that the proposed WTLS-based target localization method has superior performance compared with the existed method.


Objective To determine the accuracy of a novel method of spinal pedicel stereotaxy which is developed by Reverse Engineering and rapid prototyping.Methods A 3-D CT scan of L1-L3 vertebrae of an old man cadaver was performed.The CT data were transferred via a DICOM network to a computer workstation.Three dimensional software amira3.1 was used to establish the L1-L3 3-D model.The 3-D model was preserved by STL code.The 3-D model was processed in UG imagewarel2.0 and the 3D coordinate system was located.The best pedicle channel was designed according to the Reverse Engineering.A template was established which accorded with the laminar anatomic traits.The best pedicle channel and the template were integrated into a navigational template.An exact vertebral and navigational template was manufactured by rapid prototyping(SLA technique).The accuracy of pedicel instrumentation was confirmed by X-ray and CT scan.Results A new method of spinal pedicel stereotaxy was established by Reverse Engineering and rapid prototyping.The navigational template was found to be highly accurate.Conclusion The spinal stereotaxy developed by Reverse Engineering and rapid prototyping provides a new method for pedicle screw insertion.

Key words:
Spine;  Surgery, computer-assisted


The present invention relates to a heated and hardened biocompatible material and to a method for processing same. More particularly, the present invention provides a heated and hardened biocompatible material and a method for processing same, wherein the biocompatible material is obtained by heating, by means of electromagnetic waves having a frequency of 0.3 to 30 GHz, a bio-derived material containing 10 to 90 wt % of water and 2 wt % or more of an amino acid complex, such that the bio-derived material can be transformed.


Aims: To establish the norms for the letter-cancellation task—a psychomotor performance task. Materials and Methods: Eight hundred nineteen school students were selected in the present study in an age range between nine and 16 years (M = 12.14; SD = 1.78 years). Subjects were assessed once for the cancellation task. Results: Both age and sex influenced performance on the SLCT; therefore, correction scores were obtained on the basis of these factors. Conclusions: The availability of Indian normative data for the SLCT will allow wider application of this test in clinical practice.


The New Jersey Department of Transportation in its web page outlines its approach to Context Sensitive Design/Thinking Beyond the Pavement. Context Sensitive Design (CSD) is a collaborative, interdisciplinary approach to identifying and solving transportation problems, in which consensus building extends from defining the project need and purpose, concept evolution, design and construction through maintenance and operation. CSD maximizes the integration of the roadway into the surrounding environment/community, while providing for the road user's needs in a manner, which is fiscally feasible. CSD is an attitude and a process, not an outcome. Opened to traffic in December 2000, the "missing section" of the Route 21 Freeway in Clifton and Passaic (Hope Ave. to the Rt. 46 Interchange) was designed utilizing the "equivalent" to the CSD approach at that time and will be used for the evaluation of the CSD approach used. A great deal of planning and design work was done to enhance the quality and appearance of this roadway and to maximize positive impacts on and for the surrounding communities. This research project will evaluate over a five year period how effective the CSD approach was in the design of the Route 21 Freeway. The evaluation will focus on economic and quality of life issues. The type of economic issues that may be reviewed include impacts on neighborhoods, residential real estate values, the success of commercial enterprises in the area, and traffic and safety in the local area. The type of quality of life issues that may be reviewed include: aesthetics and viewscape, level of service of traffic flow and other factors of concern to the local population. Public perception initially and over a five year period will be measured by surveys to be taken each year of the project. This is a most critical element in the study because success ultimately must be "seen" by the impacted public literally and figuratively. In addition, traffic counts will be taken to determine changes from pre-construction to post-construction conditions and variations over the five years of the study. Other published data will be utilized to measure changes in economic and quality of life impacts.


Abstract : This thesis examines the relationship between foreign aid and Middle East peace. The focus of this research is on Israel, and its relations with Egypt, Syria and the Palestinians. The thesis highlights the opposing interests of these actors and the United States interest in the region, and how these contrasting views seem to be roadblocks to a comprehensive peace. However, there is evidence that U.S. foreign aid can act as compensation for the compromises incurred by these actors, for the sake of peace in the region. The thesis concludes that by inadequately addressing the root of the Arab-Israeli problem: territorial claims that essentially predate Israel's establishment, but more specifically the pre-1997 claims, and the security of all parties, U.S. foreign assistance to the region will serve as a band-Aid approach to regional stability. However, present indicators dictate that this method is meeting U.S. Middle East Foreign Policy goals, and securing its vital interests in the region.


Taking a maximum likelihood and Bayesian approach, this paper analyzes the strategic use of television advertising over the course of a general election campaign. In the former, controlling for a series of covariates, we show that negative advertisements are best predicted by a candidateメs relative standing in the polls. However, we also argue that the historic amount of negative television advertising necessarily affects the amount of negativity in a current or future contest. A Bayesian model is therefore estimated to include prior information regarding the distribution of negative advertisements in presidential campaigns. We suggest that candidatesメ decisions to run negative advertisements are best determined by the historical partisan use of negative ads, the candidatesメ relative standing in the polls, and the stage of the race (i.e., March versus October). This adds to the literature by including historical and stage of the race information into the analysis of presidential campaign television advertising.


Over the past few years, concert patrons have found significantly less money in their pockets after attending their favorite performances. An average fan spends at least twenty dollars per ticket to attend some of the lowest-priced concerts.1 Some big acts, like Barbara Streisand and The Eagles, charge up to $350 per ticket.' And if a fan wishes to bring something home to remember the experience, a souvenir such as a shirt costs approximately twenty dollars. In addition to these costs, fans must spend money on food and transportation. While it may be more expensive to buy a concert ticket today, it is also more convenient than it was ten years ago. Now, a person can simply pick up the phone, call Ticketmaster (one of the largest companies in the United States who, for a fee, distributes tickets over the phone to events at large venues throughout the country), charge the ticket to a credit card, and have the ticket mailed.' Telephone charging was not available ten years ago. If a person


Macrocyclic receptors incorporating two facing π-electron-rich aromatic surfaces, held at a distance of approximately 7 A by polyether spacers, bind bipyridinium-based guests. This recognition motif, which is dictated by π−π stacking and [C−H···O] hydrogen-bonding interactions, has led to the development of efficient template-directed syntheses of mechanically interlocked molecules, such as catenanes and rotaxanes. By employing a supramolecularly assisted synthetic methodology based on these interactions, we have self-assembled two novel [3]catenanes, each incorporating two 1,5-dioxynaphtho-38-crown-10 components and one bipyridinium-based tetracationic cyclophane component. Single-crystal X-ray analyses of these [3]catenanes revealed that they possess internal cavities bounded on two opposite sites by π-electron-rich 1,5-dioxynaphthalene units separated by a distance of approximately 7−8 A. Despite the presence of apparently ideal "binding pockets", these mechanically interlocked compounds steadfastly re...


【PURPOSE: Vertebrobasilar insufficiency (VBI) should be carefully assessed in patient for whom manipulation of the cervical spine is to be undertaken. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in posterior cerebral artery blood flow velocity following head and body positioning by transcranial doppler ultrasonography (TCD) in healthy subjects. METHODS: Twenty two healthy female (mean age $20.77{\pm}1.30yrs.$ ) participants volunteered to participate in the study. None of the participants had a history of neck pain or headache within the last 6 months. To evaluate the cerebral blood flow, we measured the mean flow velocity of the posterior cerebral artery unilaterally (right side). The blood flow velocity was measured under 3 different head positions (in a neutral head position, ipsilateral head rotation and contralateral head rotation position) and 2 different body conditions (supine position and sitting position). RESULTS: The mean blood flow velocity of posterior cerebral artery was decreased in body positioning from supine to sitting (p .05). CONCLUSION: These result of our study show that body positioning (sitting and supine) affect the blood flow velocity in posterior cerebral artery.】


Summary Our recent studies on breast carcinoma cell lines with differing tumorigenicity / invasiveness (MCF-7< MDA-MB-468< MDAMB-231< MDA-MB-435) had shown significantly decreasing expression levels of MMPs-1,-2,-3,-8,-9,-10,-11 and –13 with increasing cell density while the levels of TIMP-1 and –2 increased. This correlated well with a lower invasiveness of confluent cells. In the present study, we extend our in vitro studies on three-dimensional cultures of breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MDAMB-435 and the transcriptional control of MMP and TIMP-expression in two-dimensional cultures of MDA-MB-231 and –435 cells. The tumor spheroid model showed that MMP expression and proteolytic activity were considerably higher in loosely structured tumor groups as compared to densely growing "compact" cell complexes. These data suggested that cell density regulates MMP and TIMP transcription and therefore, we tested whether AP-1, NFκB and CRE are involved in this process. Gene silencing of c-jun in sparse cultures had an inhibitory effect on MMP-3,–9 and –13 expression, on proteolytic activity as well as on the invasive potential of the cells, thus confirming a role for AP-1. TIMP-1, and –2 expression was up-regulated as compared to control cells. Consistent with this, overexpression of c-jun and c-fos in confluent breast cancer cell lines leads to up-regulation of MMP expression, proteolytic activity and invasion as well as down-regulation of TIMP-1. In summary, we provide evidence that cell density influences the invasive potential of tumor cells via regulation of MMPs and TIMPs by AP-1, NFκB and CRE transcription factors. Overexpression of MMPs in sparse cultures could help explain early dissemination of potentially metastatic cells.


Pre-masters little developed in the scientific literature of the problem. First of all, we should pay attention to the development of integrated programs in the specialty, which should be as complete as possible reflect the content of undergraduate training. Of particular importance are the combined training programs on a number of related disciplines, and the proper organization of the exam itself.


▶ Long tradition in publishing on genetics and biochemistry of the immune system ▶ Emphasis on MHC in health and disease ▶ Journal of choice for immunogenomics of multigene families, with a focus on evolution ▶ Speedy and comprehensive peer reviews ▶ No publication charges except for special services (Open Access, paper offprints, e-offprints, posters etc.) ▶ Color art is free of charge for print and online publication


This research and development study aimed at developing an integrated activity model for prevention and control of dengue fever among people, health professionals and networks in high-risk areas of Muang district, Nonthaburi province. It was conducted from September to December 2019. There were three phases of the study. Phase one researchers examined the predictive factors of prevention and control behaviors of dengue fever among people living in high-risk areas of Muang district, Nonthaburi Province. The investigating tool was the questionnaire covering demographic data, and the predictive factors of prevention and control behaviors of dengue fever developed by the researchers. The reliability by Cronbach's coefficient was 0.90. The data were analyzed using multiple regression. Phase two researchers designed the integrated activity model for prevention and control of dengue fever. The model was approved by the health professionals and networks using focus group discussion. Phase three researchers evaluated the effectiveness of the integrated activity model for prevention and control of dengue fever. The participants were the family members. The tools were the integrated activity model for prevention and control of dengue fever developed in the second phase and the questionnaire developed in the first phase. The data wereanalyzed using paired t-test. Results revealed that the enabling factors, and predisposing factors in terms of attitude and knowledge, and precipitating factor could significantly predict the prevention and control behaviors of dengue fever among the family members with a coefficient of variation of 34.60 % (p<0.001). The integrated activity model for prevention and control of dengue fever among family members, health professionals and networks namely "Save our community from dengue fever" comprise six activities and four dimensions including planning, doing, monitoring, and evaluation. The mean score of prevention and control behaviors of dengue fever of the family members before and after the activity, was increased from42.63 to be 45.06 (p <0.05). Suggestions include applying the integrated activity model for prevention and control of dengue fever and extending to all parts of the high-risk areas around the country.


We propose a complex Long short-term memory nonlinear equalizer. Compared with linear compensation, Q-factors of single-channel and 7-channel are improved by 0.8dB and 0.6dB. The real multiplications are reduced by 28% compared to real-valued LSTM.


Introduction: esophageal stenosis is one of the most serious problems in patients with peptic esophagitis. It may require esophageal resection and replacement, if no other treatment is effective. Patients and methods: we report a successfully managed case of persistent esophageal stricture. The patient was a 10-year-old boy suffering from gastroesophageal reflux since birth. He has an esophageal peptic stricture which was treated with multiple dilatation at another hospital (about 24 times). The boy joined our Unit for gastroesophageal reflux and severe esophageal stricture confirmed with contrast X-ray. He could only eat liquid foods and had a growth retardation. He underwent endoscopy which shows severe esophagitis with mucosal bleeding. He also had a severe anemia, for which he underwent blood transfusion. We decided to submit the boy to Toupet laparoscopic fundoplication, endoscopic intraluminal dilatation with balloon and diathermic needle and therapy with PPI protonic pump inhibitors) and corticostheroids. The little patient needed 7 endoscopic dilatations. Results: one month after the last dilatation he has grown, can eat all kind of foods, his blood count is normal and X-ray and endoscopy both show resolution of the stenosis and esophagitis. Conclusions: we report this case because we think that it's a complex and interesting case. This patient was a candidate for esophageal replacement. We managed to save his native esophagus, treating gastroesophageal reflux and peptic stenosis with surgery and endoscopic dilatations, and reducing fibrosis and scarring with corticosteroid therapy. We thus think that this therapeutic procedure can be an optimal choice to contemplate before considering native esophagus replacement.


The invention belongs to the field of biscuit food processing and relates to a preparation method for an easy-to-digest biscuit. The biscuit is prepared by using the following component in parts by weight: 300 parts of flour, 0.5-3 parts of table salt, 0.1-3 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide, 3-10 parts of hawthorn fruit powder, 0.1-3 parts of papain, 5-20 parts of wheat bran and 0.5-2 parts of baking powder. The preparation method comprises the steps of uniformly mixing the components, mixing the components with water to obtain dough, dividing the dough into sheets, putting the sheets for 15-30min at the temperature of 25-35DEG C, putting the sheets into a baking oven and baking for 10-30min at 120-150DEG C to obtain the easy-to-digest biscuit. The biscuit prepared by adopting the preparation method provided by the invention has the advantages that the taste is excellent, the nutrients are rich, 20-45 percent of protein macromolecules in the biscuit can be decomposed into micromolecule amino acid and polypeptide, the absorption by human bodies is facilitated, the content of chitosan oligosaccharide reaches 0.05-1.50 percent, the nutrient intake capability of the human body is improved, the life is prolonged and the living quality is improved.


A fusion gene that results from a chromosomal translocation t(X;1)(p11.2;q21.2) which fuses the 5' half of the PRCC gene to exon 2 of the TFE3 gene. This rearrangement is associated with papillary renal cell carcinoma.


The paper is an introduction to implementing a basin-wide approach using remote sensing and geographic information systems with a purpose of mitigating flood losses in Cagayan de Oro City. The paper discusses remotely sensed imagery and explores the strategy in building the GIS database for the Cagayan de Oro flood loss reduction project. Keywords - base wide approach, geographic information system


This paper examines the long-term evolution in elasmobranch catches by Italian trawl fishery from 1940 to the present. Historical data on catches and species composition were collected by fishermen interviews. The results, validated by the available scientific literature, show an evident temporal decline for many species and, in some cases, the complete disappearance from the catches.


The current study investigates the factors influencing face-mask-wearing practices among elderly individuals in rural Thailand. A mixed-methods approach was employed, involving qualitative interviews with 15 elderly participants and a subsequent survey of 201 elders. Seven subthemes were identified, including the perceived benefits of mask-wearing, the perceived threat of COVID-19, mask-wearing enhancing attractiveness and self-confidence, social norms, misconceptions about COVID-19 prevention tools, perceived barriers to mask-wearing, and resources to afford face masks. The developed themes, codes, and quotes were utilized for creating a questionnaire. The survey revealed the adherence of 81.1% of the participants to mask-wearing. Structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis demonstrated that motivation, comprising (1) the perceived threat of COVID-19, (2) alternative threats aside from COVID-19, and (3) the perceived benefits of a face mask strongly affected mask-wearing practices (β = 0.68, p < 0.001) and the willingness to wear a face mask (β = 0.61, p < 0.001). Social norms had a negative direct effect on the perceived barrier (β = −0.48, p < 0.001) and a positive direct effect on mask-wearing practices (β = 0.25, p = 0.001). This study highlights that motivation and social norms play pivotal roles in sustaining mask-wearing behavior among rural elderly populations. Encouraging local cooperative actions through community rules could initiate behavioral changes within the community. These findings contribute to the understanding of factors influencing mask-wearing and provide insights into designing effective interventions to promote mask-wearing among elderly individuals in rural areas.


In feedback stabilization studies, a control scheme is designed so that the "state" of the system decays with a designated rate as t → ∞. Thus the "output", which is subordinate to the state, also decays at least with the same rate. We study in the paper a class of linear parabolic systems, and construct a specific control scheme such that the output decays faster than the state.


This paper seeks to establish the validity and applicability from Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) and its versions. To this purpose, it was made a sy...


Recently, employing an in-network data aggregation forest has been proposed to achieve energy saving in wireless sensor networks with multiple sinks. The construction of an in-network maximum-lifetime data aggregation forest was shown NP-complete, and only one centralized algorithm in the literature was designed to solve it. The centralized algorithm suffers from significant control overhead especially when forest adjustment is required. In this paper, we propose a distributed and localized algorithm for maximum-lifetime data aggregation forest construction in wireless sensor networks. The sensor nodes are organized into a forest consisting of multiple data aggregation trees in a distributed manner. Besides, a localized forest refinement mechanism is presented to achieve better load balancing. Finally, to prolong the network lifetime, we introduce a forest adjustment mechanism for low-energy sensor nodes. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the prior centralized algorithm in terms of network lifetime and control overhead. Moreover, the experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithm is more scalable than the prior centralized algorithm.


In this paper, the model identification of the temperature over the surface of the limiter adopted in the Frascati Tokamak Upgrade (FTU) is presented. Tokamaks are considered as the most interesting facilities to study self-sustained nuclear fusion reactions. Recently, a Liquid Lithium Limiter (LLL) has been introduced in the FTU with the aim of reducing impurities in the plasma. However, the performance of the LLL are maximized when temperature over its surface is uniformly distributed. In this paper, we face the problem of modeling the thermal behavior of the limiter surface following two different data-driven approaches: a linear autoregressive model, and a nonlinear autoregressive model. A comparison among the two models will be given, showing also which physical quantities are relevant to the specific modeling problem.


Separation of the control plane from data plane and keeping the decision making activities into a centralised system called controller is the key idea behind software defined networks. The controllers take the control decisions for OpenFlow enabled devices from a higher abstraction of the network. In this work, we propose a control layer architecture, which considers the local area network and wide area network traffic independently. The objective of this work is to predict the load for WAN controllers through the LAN controller by considering PACKET_IN as the load. After a certain threshold value, the controller's response time for processing the PACKET_INs increases substantially because of excess CPU utilisation. The delay in response from controller affects the initial packets of the flow passing through the network device and thus affects the QoS of the network. Hence, the proposed technique addresses this problem and reduces the delay in response substantially.


In settings in which English is used as a medium of instruction (EMI) in parallel with another language, a common expectation is that students will acquire subject terminology incidentally in the L ...


This paper studies the metaphorical origin of a well-known vulgar euphemistic name for the penis, especially in Germanic (e.g. English cock and German Hahn) and Slavonic (e.g. words with the stems pet-/pit-, kur- and kog-/koh-/kok-), but also in some other languages. Although it can be surmised that the vulgar sense of these words in some languages may have arisen from the sense '(stop)cock', in view of the urinary function of the penis, this view seems inaccurate not only in the Slavonic but also in the Germanic languages. Judging by the material presented, it is much more probable that the reasons underlying the metaphor Hahn/cock/petux'rooster' > Hahn/cock/petux'penis' are linked first and foremost with the ancient association of the rooster with male characteristics, primarily of the procreative type. It is from this metaphor that the sense Hahn/cock/petux'spigot' arises (the penis is envisaged as a tap). It is possible that this same metaphor gave rise to the concept Hahn/cock/kurok'hammer of a firearm' (the cocking piece and the penis can stick up like the neck and head of a crowing cock).


The study focused on how History teachers conceived historical facts. With this, data illumination was done qualitatively. In all, a sample of 4 History teachers was used in the study. Thematic analysis was used for the analysis of the data. There were varying views on the developmental nature of historical facts. With this, the responses were related to two schools of thought, namely, the unique pattern of historical facts which undermines the developmental nature of History and the other aspect which talks about the element of development in History. On integration, it is astonishing that some teachers were ignorant of the integrated character of History while others acknowledged that the nature of History is such that it integrates with other social science subjects, notably, Geography, Economics, and Sociology. Regarding the element of subjectivity, responses were situated in the Positivist and Relativist philosophies. Those who identified themselves with the Positivists acknowledged Historical objectivity and yielded to no such thing as History being unobjective. The Relativists, on the other hand, intimated that History is subjective, no less no more. Finally, teachers in the study noted that there are no underlining theories or laws in History. Indeed, they all shared a view of the traditional Historians who do not accept and submit to theories and laws in historical explanations. Keywords: Historical facts, History teachers, Nature.


The design of a pre-assembly of blood tube mechanism is a study done on a very simple thing that most of us take it for granted. It is a simple process which is to assemble three pieces of the blood collection tube mechanism which consists of the tube, top cap and the rubber valve. All these parts need to be positioned in such a position so that it could be assembled. The study starts with the studies of the concept needed to get the process done and for that, the vibratory bowl feeder system were chosen. Based from the existing design of the vibratory bowl feeder, the customized bowl feeder that could align the top cap was designed. The traps and all the logic involved to ensure that the device works were taken into consideration thus creating a system that were possibly fool-proof enough for the assembly process to take place. Extra systems were added into the existing vibratory bowl feeder system such as the camera, riser, alignment and the punching mechanism. All these system were combined under the logic to pre-assemble the blood collection tube mechanism before it goes into the vacuum chamber for vacuum process so that the blood collection tube is usable for blood collection process. The design were later discussed on the design specification and the reliability of the design and the future or the improvement that could be done if this project could be taken further by any inspired students for further studies.


Global warming is a phenomenon that causes the average surface temperature of the Earth to rise due to an increase in greenhouse gases. This rise in temperature has significant implications for the global economy, as it affects various sectors and regions differently. This paper reviews the literature on how global warming impacts the economy, focusing on four main aspects: gross domestic product (GDP), inflation, energy industry, agricultural, production output in different fields and tourism. The article also explores the cost-effectiveness of enacting strategies to alleviate and adjust to the financial consequences of global warming. The research finds that global warming could reduce GDP by up to 18% by 2050 if no action is taken, and that the costs of mitigation and adaptation are likely to be lower than the costs of inaction. The paper concludes that global warming is a systemic risk that requires urgent and coordinated action from governments, businesses, and individuals.


Connectivity of discrete habitat patches may be described in terms of the movements of individual organisms among such patches. To examine connectivity of widely dispersed alkali lake systems, we recorded post-breeding and subsequent breeding locations of color-banded American Avocets (Recurvirostra americana) in the western U.S. Great Basin, from 1995-1997. Among individuals observed during the post- breeding/premigratory season, over half of the 188 breeding adults were observed at lakes other than their breeding locations, whereas 70% of 125 post-fledged young were observed only at their natal lake systems. Of 46 breeding adults observed in consecutive years, only eight (17%) dispersed between different lake systems. Only 8% of chicks were observed after their first year, and only 1.3% returned to the natal area in subsequent breeding seasons. Adult and recently fledged birds from the southernmost breeding site were regularly observed in post-breeding aggregations at lakes several hundred kilometers to the north, suggesting seasonal differences in habitat quality at the lake systems studied. These results indicate the importance of maintaining habitat for post-breeding movements. Received 10 Dec. 1998, accepted 3 April 1999. Concurrent with the recognition that habitat fragmentation is a key threat to regional bio- diversity, the role of dispersal in maintaining connectivity between populations and subpop- ulations has become a major focus in assess- ing extinction risks and other dynamics of


Qualitative research using case study that aimed to capture the daily life of the family of the infant with cancer. The empirical data were collected through semi-structured interview with three mothers in the period from May to June 2010. The interpretation of the data followed the basic rules of the thematic analysis. The results showed that cancer represents an impact for the family whose restructuring is promptly necessary in order to meet the needs of the sick child. In this scenario, the mother is seen as the foundation for the child monitoring, affecting the care for the mothering at home and for her other children. The mother experiences a huge pressure that involves emotional distress, besides physical exhaustion. The whole family suffers with the disease of the infant and in order to alleviate the suffering, the health team must use strategies that strengthen the links with the family. DESCRIPTORS: Cancer. Infant. Family. Professional-family relations.


The objective of this study; it is to characterize the presence of clinical and content personality indicators in adolescent students . Through the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, Form A .  The sample is formed by 69 adolescent s secondary school students, with aged from 14 to 17 years, including men and women, middle and high socioeconomic status, from Barranquilla. The information analyses with SSPSS, 19.0 version for the analysis of descriptive statistics.  The results show valid profiles and they are consistent with previous research than according to the population; can be differentiated normal population and population with clinical indicators of personality. In some scales, although, the scores are higher than it had found in other similar groups, accounting of the variations introduced by the context and actual sociocultural dynamics, scores are higher particularly in women.  Clinical characteristics more significant are schizophrenia, hypomania, masculinity-feminity and psychastenia; while scores in content scales are more significant for Bizarre Mentation, Obsessiveness and Anxiety


Electricite de France wished to examine the developments necessary for the control of MV installations in substations. The authors look at the existing situation including costs and substation equipment renewal. It is concluded that the protection and control system of virtually all existing substations should be modified within the next 12 years. The development of a new numerical control system around a LAN is envisaged.


Notions of block symmetry for discrete memoryless channels are introduced. The results deal with capacity and optimal distributions and appear to be simple and natural ones which somehow were overlooked or not considered in the early development of information theory.


Abstract Effective conservation rests on an educated population. This chapter describes the status of environmental education programs in the Condor Bioreserve (CBR), Ecuador and makes recommendations for expansion of educational efforts. The major programs that are currently in place include the community park guard system, the Andean Bear Project, and workshops and networks established by the US Department of Interior and The Nature Conservancy. Most environmental education in the CBR is focused on community participation in natural resource management, and there is a relatively small amount of attention devoted to programs for teachers and children. Major recommendations include defining common goals, increasing environmental education efforts in schools, offering teacher training, developing monitoring and assessment protocols, and expanding educational efforts outside of the CBR. The paper links recommendations for improvements in environmental education in the CBR to lessons learned through research and education programs elsewhere in the world.