I have been asked to speak of the teacherstudent relation as an aspect of leadership. Any consideration of this subject must be colored by our definition of leadership, and there is a conception of leadership gaining ground today very different from our old notion. Yesterday I tried to present to you this conception of leadership. It is a conception very far removed from that of the leader-follower relation. With that conception you had to be either a leader or a leaner. Today our thinking is tending less and less to be confined within the boundaries of those alternatives. There is the idea of a reciprocal leadership. There is also the idea of a partnership in following, of following the invisible leader-the common purpose. The relation of the rest of the group to the leader is not a passive one, and I think teachers see this more clearly than most people, and therefore in their teaching are doing more than teaching; they are helping to develop one of the fundamental conceptions of human relations. I want to tell you at the outset why I have anticipated discussing this subject with you. As my books and articles have been on human relations in general, rather than on any one aspect of them, I have been asked to speak to different kinds of groups. Out of all these, I find that those I enjoy talking to most are businessmen and teachers. I should not have anticipated this juxtaposition, for one usually thinks of these two groups as rather far apart. But the reason is that both these groups are in a position to try out their ideas of human relations any day, and also both these groups are coming to have the experimental mind. When I speak to certain groups, as to academic people who are thinking of their subject and not of their teaching, they often seem to tend to think of what I have said in terms of whether it is a good paper or not. "That was a good paper," some of them say. And I suppose some of them say, "That was a poor paper," but I don't hear those. But whichever is said, the matter seems to end there. I notice, however, that when I speak to businessmen they don't think in those terms, whether it is a good paper or not, or often even whether they agree with it. They are apt to say, "Well, I'll try that out and see if there is anything in it." They know they can find out for themselves whether it is true or not, they have the best laboratory in the world for the study of human relations. This experimental attitude on the part of so many businessmen today is one of the encouraging signs of the times. And I find the same attitude among many teachers. So these two groups of people who have hitherto been quite distinct in my mind, I am coming to associate because of this trait in common, or rather these two traits: (1) their wish to discover the most fruitful way of dealing with human relations, and (2) their willingness to experiment. To turn now more directly to our subject, what opportunities for leadership has the teacher, and what is the nature of his leadership? If leadership does not mean coercion in any form, if it does not mean controlling, protecting or exploiting, what does it mean? It means, I (think) freeing. The greatest service the teacher can render the student is to increase his freedom-his free range of activity and thought and his power of control. I don't, however, want this to be confused with the idea held by some people in regard to what is called the pupil expressing him-self. In some art schools the students are told to express themselves without, I think, due regard to the fundamentals of drawing. Some years ago a teacher told a class of little boys who were beginning clay modeling that they were to express themselves in clay. They of course began throwing the clay at each other, which was perfectly proper; that is the natural way for little boys to express themselves in clay. Professor Dewey [1927:168] said in his last book: "No man and no mind was ever


BETTER neonatal care has improved survival of infants less than 1.0 kg birth weight (Stewart et al, 1977). One of the challenges in managing very low birth weight (VLBW) babies is that of providing optimal nutrition (Shaw, 1973), given the constraints upon absorption (Grand, Watkins and Torti, 1976) and subsequent metabolism (Rosenberg and Scriver, 1974). Our aim is to highlight the development of bone disease in these infants, despite prophylaxis with vitamins, including Vitamin D and other essential trace 'elements.


Strained Ge p-channel Gate-All-Around (GAA) FETs are demonstrated on 300mm SiGe Strain Relaxed Buffer (SRB) and 45nm Fin pitch with the shortest gate lengths (Lg=40nm) and smallest Ge nanowire (NW) diameter (d=9nm) reported to date. Optimization of groundplane doping (GP) is required to minimize the impact of the parasitic channel in the SRB. The strained Ge GAA devices maintain excellent electrostatic control at the shortest gate lengths studied (Lg=40nm) with DIBL of 30mV/V and sub-threshold slope (SSsat) of 79mV/dec. This work shows a significant improvement not only compared to our previous work on strained Ge finFETs but also when benchmarked to published Ge GAA devices.


The native code compiler for Java does what is says: compiles your Java source down to the machine code for the target. This means you won't have to get a JVM (Java Virtual Machine) on your target. When you run the program's code, it won't start a VM, it will simply load and run like any other program. This doesn't necessarily mean your code will run faster. Sometimes you get better performance numbers for byte code running on a hot-spot VM versus GCJ-compiled code.


Shweta Pradari.e. Leucorrhoea, commonly known as vaginal discharge is one of the important major issues experienced in gynecological practice. It is usual to experience some white discharge. Leucorrhoea is a condition in which there is an excessive amount of white discharge from the vaginal area as a result of inflammation or infection of the lower genital tract, which causes discomfort. Physiologically or pathologically, the symptom can affect people of any age. The vulnerable are those with a low socioeconomic status. Most women of all ages have dealt with it, especially when they are of child bearing or reproductive age. As in our country due to poor nutrition, multiple childbirth, low socioeconomic status, poverty, population growth, negligence of proper hygiene, many women are anaemic, malnourished, ill-health may suffer from such infection. It is important to treat Shweta Pradar(leucorrhoea) as soon as possible because it might lead to major complications if not treated. For abnormal white vaginal discharges, theword "Shweta Pradar" has been described in Ayurvedaandit is extensively discussed in Ayurvedictexts. Due to kaphaand Vata Doshadhikya, this symptom appears. However, according to Charak Samhita, Kaphais the primary Doshathat causes leucorrhoea. In this case report, a 24-year-old female patient with Shweta Pradar has complained of white discharge for the past nine months, along with katisula(low back ache), Daurbalya (weakness), Kandu (itching), Durgandha (odour), and occasionally Daha (burning sensation). She was treated by Shamana Chikitsa(palliative treatment) and Yoni Prakshalanafor one month. She got excellent relief in symptoms by above treatment


The study to determine the impacts of future changes in stratospheric ozone and surface temperature on urban air quality was carried out in two parts. The first part assesses the quality of existing ultraviolet data and approaches available for using these data to determine chemical photolysis rates. The second part involves testing the photochemical model for a number of urban data sets under conditions of decreased stratospheric ozone and increased surface temperature. The results of the study indicate an increase in ambient ozone, H/sub 2/O/sub 2/, and PAN concentration occur for most cities with decreasing ozone column. An increase in ambient temperature results in most cases with an increase in oxidants. PAN, however, which is temperature sensitive exhibits in many cases a decrease with increasing ambient temperature.


Ten faecal samples of grey rhebuck Pelea capreolus were collected quarterly in the south-eastern Orange Free State. Microscopic analysis, based on the frequency of occurrence of floristic components in the faeces, indicated that the diet consisted of ca 88% dicotyledons and ca 10% monocotyledons throughout the year. The floristic composition of feeding areas selected during the day did not differ significantly from that of surrounding control areas, indicating that these feeding areas were not selected only on floristic composition.


1-Hexanol is among the promising renewable long-chain alcohols usable as an alternative to petrol-derived gasoline and diesel fuels. To better understand the combustion characteristics of 1-hexanol, new experimental data for the oxidation and combustion of 1-hexanol were obtained. Stable species concentration profiles were measured in a jet stirred reactor (JSR) at 10 atm over a range of equivalence ratios and temperatures. Burning velocities of 1-hexanol/air mixtures were measured at 1−10 bar and 423 K, over a range of equivalence ratios. The effect of total pressure on flame speed was determined. The oxidation of 1-hexanol in these experimental conditions was modeled using an extended detailed chemical kinetic reaction mechanism (2977 reactions involving 600 species). The proposed mechanism shows good agreement with the present experimental data. Reaction path analyses and sensitivity analyses were performed to interpret the results.


Electron pair production by a very energetic photon in the field of a particle of arbitrary mass (in particular in the fields of an electron and a nucleus) was studied following the work of Borsellino. The distribution of recoil momenta q was calculated for q of order of the electron mass and it is shown that the recoil distribution is independent of the mass of the recoil particle if appropriate variables are used. It is also explicitly shown that the mass of the recoil particle does not make any difference in the recoil distribution for very small q (of order q/sub min/). The total cross section must therefore be independent of the mass of the recoil particle in the bigh- energy limit, as previously stated by Borsellino. The Wheeler-Lamb result for pair production in the field of a bound electron was also justified. The results also describe the electromagnetic production of any fermion pair if certain restrictions are satisfied. (auth)


Power-line communication offers a networking communication over existing power lines and finds important applications in smart grid, home & business automation and automatic meter reading. However, the power-line channel is one of the harshest known communication channels currently in use and it requires robust forward error correction techniques. Powerful decoding algorithms tend to be complex and increase latency while robust modulation schemes offer lower data rates. The presented work extends the existing narrow-band power-line communication forward error correction scheme of concatenated Reed-Solomon - Convolutional codes in OFDM framework by introducing permutation codes as an inter-subcarrier encoding scheme in OFDM to combat narrowband interference and carrier frequency offsets.


Planar ion-implanted GaAs MESFETs with modified drain n/sup +/ regions show increased open-channel burnout voltage, making them robust against transient overvoltages. This increases circuit yields through pulsed on-wafer testing from <50% to /spl sim/90%. Higher drain biases can also be used, allowing 9 W of output power to be produced with VD/sub DS/=13 V by an X-band MMIC amplifier designed to produce 4 W with V/sub DS/=7 V.<<ETX>>


The aim of this article is to restate, refine and defend the constitutionalist argument in international law. As a basis for a more nuanced approach, the contribution sorts the phenomena to which the constitutionalization thesis refers. Secondly, it analyzes methodological and doctrinal features of constitutionalist approaches to public international law and clears up some myths in and about international constitutionalism. Finally, the text focuses on presumptions and burdens of justification established by various judicial institutions. They seem to express constitutional concerns in different areas of international law. It is submitted that these presumptions and burdens of justification are plausibly backed by processes of identity change and argumentative self-entrapment. On the basis of constructivist approaches in International Relations, these processes can be understood as creating the normativity of constitutional arguments. The special character of their normative force may be explained by classifying them as principles in contrast to strict rules.


The status of the two nominal subspecies of Varanus niloticus (Linnaeus, 1 766), v iz . V. n. niloticus and V. n. ornatus (Daudin, 1 803) is re-evaluated based on morpholog ical (colour pattern, scalation, d imensions, outer genitals), ecological, and distributional data. Ev idence is presented that both forms have markedly surpassed the subspecific level and have to be treated as two d istinct, though c losely related, species.


An astrogeodetic determination of the geoid in certain parts of Canada was made with data available at the end of 1970. The astrogeodetic leveling method was used. The western and eastern parts of ...


It is shown that the two‐body scattering amplitude 〈k| T(E) |k′〉 may be analytically continued in E through the physical cut into a region of meromorphy, provided that the potential satisfies certain requirements. The residue at a pole is a separable operator whose form agrees with previous work. The proof also demonstrates the existence of a region of meromorphy of 〈k| T(E) |k′〉 as a function of seven complex variables.


With the creation of professional organizations in support of Russian architects during the 1860s, new publications were launched to provide information about architects and architectural practices in other countries. The Moscow Architectural Society and the Petersburg Society of Architects took the lead, with the latter society publishing the journal "Zodchii", which would serve as the publication of record for Russian architects from 1872 until 1917. This article devotes special attention to "Zodchii" as a locus of information about architecture in America, with articles and reports on American building methods and technologies, architectural education, city planning (such as the rebuilding of Chicago after the fire of 1871), major urban projects, the design of private houses, skyscrapers, transportation, pollution and virtually any other topic related to the built environment. Apart from occasional references to Henry Hobson Richardson, little attention was given to specific architects, whose careers must have seemed distant to Russian architects and engineers. The rapid development of America in the half century after the Civil War suggested many possibilities and parallels for Russia. These perceptions are a significant and little known aspect of relations between Russia and the United States.


ABSTRACT Studying is an essential behavior for all students, as it potentially allows them to learn any content. This study aimed to analyze the production of the scientific community, published in Brazilian journals, about studying. Search words were inserted in the SciELO and PePSIC databases, which resulted in 82 selected studies. The information obtained concerns the authors, institutions, area of knowledge, theoretical approach, and type of research. Among the results, the following stand out: an increase in the number of publications since 2004; predominance of few research groups; little participation from the Education area; predominance of Cognitive Psychology; predominance of descriptive research; use of standardized instruments; predominance of Higher Education and the use of the classroom as a setting. It discusses the need for more intervention research, in addition to the greater participation of teachers who should be the main participants involved in the research.


Downlink scheduling schemes are well-known and widely investigated under the assumption that the channel state is perfectly known to the scheduler. In the multiuser MIMO (broadcast) case, downlink scheduling in the presence of non-perfect channel state information (CSI) is only scantly treated. In this paper we provide a general framework that addresses the problem systematically. Also, we illuminate the key role played by the channel state prediction error: our scheme treats in a fundamentally different way users with small channel prediction error ("predictable" users) and users with large channel prediction error ("non-predictable" users), and can be interpreted as a near-optimal opportunistic time-sharing strategy between MIMO downlink beamforming to predictable users and space-time coding to non-predictable users. Our results, based on a realistic MIMO channel model used in 3GPP standardization, show that the proposed algorithms can significantly outperform a conventional "mismatched" scheduling scheme that treats the available CSI as if it was perfect.


Abstract.
 The taxonomic composition and functional feeding groups (FFG) of macroinvertebrate communities were characterized along a stream-size gradient of four streams in Trinidad, two being impacted by agricultural and urban activities (Arima and Guanapo Rivers) and two being relatively pristine (Marianne and Paria Rivers). The degree to which benthic assemblages have been altered by agriculture and input of treated domestic waste was assessed, by comparing the longitudinal patterns between the north-flowing (unimpacted) and south-flowing (impacted) streams. Both univariate and multivariate analyses indicated significant changes in macroinvertebrate community function, with smaller changes in taxonomic composition, along the gradient. Such changes were less conspicuous in the north-flowing than the south-flowing streams. This study indicates that land-use can have more of an influence on the macroinvertebrate community than the natural longitudinal gradient.


The ions produced by 252Cf plasma desorption are detected by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance techniques. Results for CsI and N,N,N-trimethyl-p-aminophenolate iodide show the feasibility of the technique with high resolution (up to 11 000 at m/z 23) and good signal-to-noise ratio (up to 726).


The UN Law of the Sea Convention (UNCLOS) is the key international law source setting out the law of the sea rules applicable world-wide. The most important aspect of UNCLOS is the indication of specific maritime zones. The list of maritime zones set out in UNCLOS seems at least at first reading a closed one. No other zone is mentioned in the Convention provisions entrusting parties with the right to institute zones different from those mentioned in the UNCLOS. The aspect of the Mediterranean zonal map that seems particularly noteworthy is that more than 50 per cent of the area of this sea is not included in a coastal States' maritime zone and that it consequently belongs to the high seas. The chapter addresses the peculiar status of the Mediterranean high sea as an area in which coastal States are entitled to proclaim an Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). Keywords:Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ); maritime zones; Mediterranean high sea; UNCLOS


Classifying the cervical cells in the Pap smear images is a challenging problem. Many problems are associated with the complexity of the cell and contents that need to be identified. We attempt to make use of Deep Learning models to overcome the need of manual segmentation and feature extraction to finally predict if the given Pap Smear image shows signs of cancer or not. This system aims to aid the health care workers like doctors and pathologists in speeding up the process. In order to help maximize the comfort of the patient, we have developed a completely responsive web-based platform which is aided by our robust machine learning models to help the patient get their reports from the comfort of their homes and make it easier for early detection of cervical cancer.


Nematic liquid crystals are symmetry-broken, uniaxial fluids in which the constitutive particles are aligned along a preferred axis known as the director. There are two kinds of nematic liquid crystal commonly referred to as thermotropic and lyotropic nematics. Thermotropic nematics are fluid phases of low molecular weight compounds whereas lyotropic nematics are dispersions of colloidal particles in a host fluid. The driving force for spontaneous molecular alignment in thermotropic nematics is enthalpy, and that in lyotropic nematics is not enthalpy but entropy. Molecular theories describing the isotropic-to-nematic phase transition can be formulated for both types of system. They are rooted in the same theoretical formalism. In these Lecture Notes I describe how, from a general density functional theoretical description, the Maier-Saupe theory for thermotropic nematics and the Onsager theory for lyotropic nematics can be derived. I will discuss the ins and outs of both theories in some detail.


A one-dimensional atmosphere-land model is developed and the sensitivity of the bottom boundary condition on the long term exchange process of heat and water at the ground surface is investigated as a fundamental study to improve the land surface scheme for climate models. The results suggest that the treatment of the deep water should be more careful than that of the conventional schemes. In order to consider the deep water explicitly, we calculated the equilibrium state of the soil water profile for the extreme case in which the ground water is permeable into sufficiently deep soil layer without runoff. The result is compared with those for the conventional boundary conditions of the gravity drainage and the bucket-type model. It is concluded that the evaporation rate with these boundary conditions are similar when the precipitation is much less or much greater than the saturated equilibrium evaporation rate (the evaporation rate of the equilibrium state with full evaporation efficiency). In the case where the precipitation is as great as the saturated equilibrium evaporation rate, or in the transition from the equilibrium state for heavier precipitation to the lighter one, the evaporation is maintained by the capillary rise of the deep water when the deep water is treated explicitly. If such a phenomenon actually occurs in the real climate change, the boundary condition of the gravity drainage must be reconsidered.


Modern e-health systems have undergone rapid development thanks to the advances in communications, computing and machine learning technology. Especially, deep learning has great superiority in image analysis and disease prediction. In this paper, we use Alzheimer's Disease (AD) as an example to show advantages of deep learning in diagnosing brain diseases and providing clinical decision support. Firstly, we convert raw functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to a matrix to represent activity of 90 brain regions. Secondly, to represent the functional connectivity between different brain regions, a correlation matrix is obtained by calculating the correlation between each pair of brain regions. In the next, a targeted autoencoder network is built to classify the correlation matrix, which is sensitive to AD. Finally, the experiment results show that our proposed method for AD prediction achieves much better effects than traditional means. It finds the correlations between different brain regions efficiently, provides strong reference for AD prediction. Compared to Support Vector Machine (SVM), about 25% improvement is gained in prediction accuracy. The e-health field becomes more complete and effective owing to that. Our work helps predict AD at an early stage and take measures to slow down or even prevent the onset of it.


The response has been measured of Kodak S.W.R. and SC-7 films and Ilford Q1 plates at 584, 736, and 920 AA and of SWR film at 1216 AA. The absolute values of the radiance were measured with a rare gas ionization chamber. The inertia was found to be the most useful measure of emulsion speed.


The liver is the dominant site for metastatic spread of colorectal cancer. Surgical resection of isolated hepatic metastases offers the only potential cure for hepatic metastases, with 5-year survival rates ranging from 27% to 58%. Unfortunately, bilateral tumor location, number and location of lesions, and inadequate hepatic reserve or comorbid conditions tend to limit an aggressive surgical approach in approximately 10% of patients presenting with liver metastases. Modern chemotherapeutic regimens, including oxaliplatin or irinotecan with at least one biologic agent, have improved response rates and can move some patients with operable but initially unresectable metastases into the surgical suite. However, even after resection, hepatic recurrence—often in conjunction with extrahepatic disease—is the eventual outcome in most patients. A number of treatment options exist for patients with unresectable liver-dominant disease. Local or regional therapy using ablative techniques such as radiofrequency ablation, hepatic intra-arterial chemotherapy, or external beam radiotherapy can provide local control, which may delay the need for systemic chemotherapy. Hepatic artery infusions are technically complex and may not be available at most institutions. Conventional radiotherapy is even more rarely used because of limitations in hepatic parenchymal tolerance. Radiofrequency ablation is a more viable option, but it is often dependent on lesion characteristics such as size ( 3 cm), location, and number of metastases. An emerging therapy for patients with unresectable hepatic metastases involves microbrachytherapy with yttrium-90 (Y) –impregnated resin-based microspheres such as SIR-Spheres (Sirtex, Sydney, Australia). This approach reflects observations that metastatic tumors larger than 3 mm derive the majority of their blood supply from the hepatic artery rather than from the portal vein. After injection into the appropriate hepatic artery, the 20to 40m spheres (perhaps 50 million per injection) become preferentially lodged in the arteriolar vasculature surrounding metastatic tumor deposits, delivering selectively targeted high doses of radiation to the area. Maximum tissue penetration for the pure-beta emitter Y is 1.1 cm, so most normal liver parenchyma is spared. In a recent meta-analysis by Vente et al, response (which included stable disease) occurred in 79% of patients in the salvage setting and in 91% of previously untreated patients. In this issue of Journal of Clinical Oncology, van Hazel et al report a phase I study in which the experienced group of authors sought to combine Y-resin microspheres with concomitant singleagent irinotecan chemotherapy. In all 25 patients in the study, firstline therapy—with either fluorouracil (FU) plus leucovorin (eight patients) or other FU-based combinations—had failed. Eight patients had progressed with secondand third-line treatment, but none had received biologic agents. Although it was initially planned to administer irinotecan as four weekly infusions followed by a 2-week break, early toxicity in the first three patients forced a change in schedule. The irinotecan was subsequently increased from 50 to 75 mg/m and then to 100 mg/m in three dose-escalated groups; it was administered on days 1 and 8 of a 3-week cycle for the first two cycles, followed by full doses (100 mg/m) from cycles three to nine. Y radioembolization (Y RE) was delivered only in the first cycle. The goal of the study was to determine the maximum-tolerated dose of irinotecan in combined therapy. Given the relative absence of grade 3 to 4 adverse events, van Hazel et al conclude quite correctly that the maximum-tolerated dose of irinotecan was not determined and that 100 mg/m on days 1 and 8 of a 3-week cycle in combination with Y RE is a safe regimen. Use of Y RE in the first cycle of this study did not seem to enhance chemotherapy-induced toxicity compared with the full-dose irinotecan therapy administered from cycles three to nine in nine patients. Few adverse events were attributable to Y RE, and only one patient developed a gastric ulcer, a known complication of RE related to shunting of radioactive particles to the gastric mucosa. Absence of significant toxicity is perhaps not unexpected, given the limited tissue penetration of the pure-beta emission from Y. In addition, the dose of irinotecan was also somewhat less than the 125 mg/m often used in weekly therapy. Of 23 evaluable patients, partial responses at 12 weeks posttreatment were confirmed in 11 patients (48%), and stable disease was confirmed in nine patients (39%). These results seem higher than expected for previously treated patients. The contribution of Y RE to response rate cannot be determined, but it should be noted that 48% of patients had extrahepatic sites of disease. Site of first progression was extrahepatic in 57% of patients. Median progression-free survival was 6.0 months, but disease control in the liver lasted somewhat longer, with median progression-free survival of 9.2 months for progression at that site, which implies some persistent effect from Y RE. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY E D I T O R I A L VOLUME 27 NUMBER 25 SEPTEMBER 1 2009


Legislation may be an effective 'educator', both of the general community and of particular individuals. It may increase the public awareness of social problems like drink driving and induce people to modify their behaviour in order to accord with the law and to avoid the prescribed sanctions for non compliance. It may also affect public attitudes in a more general way, for example by making drinking less socially acceptable. However, the relationship of law and public opinion is symbiotic; law may indeed mould public opinion so that particular conduct is regarded as socially wrong because it is prescribed by law. Equally, though, the law should reflect community opinion, and a law which does not have the general approval of most members of the community may not be obeyed and the public respect for the law may deteriorate. In order for legislation to operate as a public educator, it must be widely and continuously publicised.


Speciality plastic fats with no trans fatty acids, suitable for use in baking and as vanaspati, were prepared by interesterification of blends of palm hard fraction (PSt) with mahua and mango fats at various proportions. Interesterified samples did not show significant differences in solid fat content (SFC) after 0.5 or 1 h reaction time. Blends containing PSt/mahua (1:1) showed 3 distinct endotherms, indicating a heterogeneity of triacylglycerols (TG), the proportions of which altered after interesterification. SFC also showed improved plasticity after interesterification. Similar results were observed with other blends of PSt/mahua (1:2). These changes in melting behaviour were due to alterations in TG composition, as the trisaturated-type TG were reduced and the low-melting TG increased after interesterification. Blends containing PSt/mango (1:1) showed improvement in plasticity after interesterification, whereas those containing PSt/mango (2:1) were hard and showed high solid contents at higher temp. and hence may not be suitable for baking or as vanaspati. Blends with palm and mahua oils were softer and could be suitable for margarine-type products. Results indicated that the blends of PSt/mahua (1:1, 1:2) and PSt/mango (1:1) after interesterification for 1 h at 80C showed an SFC similar to those of commercial hydrogenated bakery shortenings and vanaspati. Hence, they could be used in these applications in place of hydrogenated fats as they are free from trans acids, which are reported to be risk factors involved in coronary heart disease. For softer consistency like margarine applications, the blends containing palm oil and mahua oil were suitable.


The Influence of Culture on Management Behaviour Introduction The Impact of Culture on Management Applications of the Framework A Final Caveat: The Reality of Culture Shock Looking to the Future: The Global Manager Putting Policy into Practice: Selected Operating Issues Value Conflicts: Selected Ethical and Legal Issues.


Ecuador is a major palm oil producing country in Latin America, with approximately 300,000 ha cultivated. The plantations located the western coastal area (region of Quininde) present a unique form of leaf yellowing, locally known as amarillamiento secamiento, which has been observed only in this part of the world. Several hypotheses have been tested to explain those symptoms (biotic, nutritional, and hydric) and the most plausible cause is the limiting annual insolation. The climatology of the Quininde region is non optimal for the oil palm, with an average 800 hours of sunshine per year. Change in climatic conditions during El Nino results in a simultaneous increase of rainfall, sunshine and temperature during 14 to 18 months which benefits the oil palm as higher yields are obtained after disappearance of leaf yellowing symptoms. The effects of El Nino climatic phenomenon in 1982 and 1997 confirm this hypothesis. As a conclusion, it will be interesting to know if the 2015 El Nino episode confirms the positive effect observed in 1982 and 1997. We expect an improvement of foliage in 2016 and an increase in yield in 2016-2017. (Resume d'auteur)


Problems of occupational health and safety(OHS) in small and medium size enterprises(SMEs) in that mainly are private enterprises, are severe in China where as, the corresponding theoretical study are lagged behind regretfully. This paper summarizes the representative progress in this discipline simply. The exploratory results will be used to make an initial evaluation of SMEs needs, and will help orient future research.


This study belongs to the field of enviromental monitoring and specifically refers to the natural biomarkers that are normally present in the seawater ecosystem: the luminous bacteria. The application of traditional macro-biomarkers (fishes, invertebrates; e.g.: mussel watching) represents an important integration to the classic laboratory methodologies, above all for the high sensitivity that can be reached. Unfortunately, these methods have some drawbacks due to the need of placement of the specimens in situ, the waiting time and the final processing with quite complicated analysis procedure. The luminous bacteria (e.g. Vibrio fischeri) and the correlated detection technologies, give a new promising method for assessing the water pollution, because they are: (1) easy to cultivate and preserve; (2) easy to be detected (the nowadays available luminosity detectors are highly sensitive); (3) endemic in sea or salty waterbodies; (4) applicable also to non salty waterbodies. Progresses can be made on the automatic devices that can handle and automize their use; this paper illustrates a prototype that may work on field in near-real-time, opening the way to future applications of along-the-path mapping and multitemporal comparison.


Physical spaces and assets vary in legal nature and as such can be subjected to both private and public ownership. Therefore, rights and obligations connected with the use and enjoyment of the different goods depends on the juridic nature of the good itself. In the Italian legal framework, private goods are subject to homogeneous regulation, whereas public goods might comprehend a plethora of heterogeneous categories each of them featuring a specific legal regulation. Among those, collective-owned goods present a complex case as they have the typical characteristics of common goods but might be the object of specific rival and exclusive rights that are guaranteed to certain communities with the system of "civic use rights" (usi civici). This peculiar legal regime is typical of rural areas, where, traditionally, common ownership of the land was pursued and encouraged resulting in the creation of a common agri-sylvan-pastoral heritage. As such, the areas susceptible to being left behind or even abandoned due to a lack of public resources or initiatives that can foster their intrinsic cultural, social, and economic value. We intend collective goods to be long-term physical assets that trigger ecosystems of social entrepreneurial, innovative partnerships, and impact investing that can meet long-lasting and/or emerging social and collective needs. This paper aims to achieve two objectives. Firstly, we investigate the Italian juridical regime of "shared-ownership rights" and "civic use rights" aiming to define a taxonomy that provides support in categorising these goods according to pre-defined legal clusters. Secondly, we explore the evaluation issues related to land appraisal processes.


Many organisations manage service quality and monitor a large set devices and servers where each entity is associated with telemetry or physical sensor data series. Recently, various methods have been proposed to detect behavioural anomalies, however existing approaches focus on multivariate time series and ignore communication between entities. Moreover, we aim to support end-users in not only in locating entities and sensors causing an anomaly at a certain period, but also explain this decision. We propose a scalable approach to detect anomalies using a two-step approach. First, we recover relations between entities in the network, since relations are often dynamic in nature and caused by an unknown underlying process. Next, we report anomalies based on an embedding of sequential patterns. Pattern mining is efficient and supports interpretation, i.e. patterns represent frequent occurring behaviour in time series. We extend pattern mining to filter sequential patterns based on frequency, temporal constraints and minimum description length. We collect and release two public datasets for international broadcasting and X from an Internet company. \textit{BAD} achieves an overall F1-Score of 0.78 on 9 benchmark datasets, significantly outperforming the best baseline by 3\%. Additionally, \textit{BAD} is also an order-of-magnitude faster than state-of-the-art anomaly detection methods.


Objective: Takayasu arteritis (TA) is a rare chronic vasculitis of the aorta and its branches. Infections, autoimmunity and genetic factors, as suggested by family clustering, may play a role in its pathogenesis. In this report, we describe familial TA in twin Tunisian sisters. Design and method: TA was diagnosed according the classification of the criteria of the American College of Rheumatology 1990. Results: Case1: A female patient (twin A) born to non-consanguineous parents, with no remarkable family history, had been diagnosed in our department with TA at the age of 16, after presenting with syncopal attacks, absent radial pulse, 4-limb blood pressure inequality and persistently raised inflammatory markers. Catheter and computed tomography (CT) angiography revealed stenotic abnormalities of both subclavian arteries. She was started on corticosteroids and had a carotid-humeral bypass. Over the next several months, she developed more stenosis of the central retinal, the left subclavian, the right humeral arteries, the aortic arch, and the carotid-humeral bypass. The management included corticosteroids, cyclophosphamide and surgical treatment. In 2001, she was readmitted with a setting of sudden right hemiplegia and aphasia. On investigation, she had an ischemic stroke by occlusion of the left middle cerebral artery. She received aspirin and corticosteroids. Until now, lesions remain stable. Case 2: A 32-year-old female patient (twin B), previously asymptomatic, presented to our department on November 2014 with complaints of claudication of the upper extremities, pulselessness in both brachial arteries, recurrent gastrointestinal complaints of abdominal pain, diarrhea and weight loss. She was found to have elevated blood inflammatory markers. Funduscopie examination showed pale optic disks and narrowing of retinal arteries. CT angiography exhibited stenosis of both common carotid arteries, and a superior mesenteric artery occlusion with recovery by the collateral arteries. There were no others specific manifestations of the TA. The patient received corticosteroids with a favorable evolution. Conclusions: Although rare, familial TA is an important clinical entity. To prevent delayed diagnosis and serious sequelae, a screening using pulse check and non-invasive imaging should be considered in family members of the affected patients.


Non-equilibrium dynamics for relativistic fluid or quark gluon plasma (QGP) have already been calculated earlier upto third order using both kinetic and thermodynamic approaches. Calculations presented in this manuscript are based on thermodynamics principles. The expressions for third order dissipative fluxes have been derived from equation for entropy 4-current developed earlier by A. Muronga. The relaxation equations in the present work have been developed in a simple Bjorken (1+1)D scenario and Eckart frame. The relaxation equations are found to have slightly different values for the coupling coefficients as compared to calculations from earlier models. The solutions to the differential equations have been found to be sensitive to values of these coefficients. The shear relaxation equations derived in third order theory are discussed term by term. Effects of third order theory on shear relaxation time has been discussed. Thermodynamic quantities related to hot and dense matter have been calculated as functions of proper time. Moreover, various initial conditions for the relaxation equations have been assumed to study their effects on above mentioned observables. A LHC QGP formation time of $\tau_0$ = 0.4 fm/c and temperature of T$_0$ = 500 MeV have been assumed.


There appear to be considerable differences in the outcomes of group string teaching programs in Queensland. Some teachers appear to be able to generate, manage, and administrate highly efficacious programs; others seem to experience difficulty transferring the knowledge and skills required for students to become successful string players. As a case study with multiple participants, this investigation set out to document the reflections of mid-career group string teachers, observe the outcomes of their programs and teaching methods, and establish a preliminary collective profile of skills, knowledge, and attributes. Key findings include a high degree of overlap in the participant profiles, and the potential for further research into undergraduate training and post-tertiary supervision of group string teachers entering the workforce. Implications of the study include the need to appraise current undergraduate programs preparing group instrumental teachers in Australia, and the necessity for developing strategies to mentor these graduates in their early teaching years.


A new and efficient synthesis for the preparation of novel 4-fluoro-2H-pyrazol-3-ylamines is described. It involves the reaction of an acyl chloride with fluoroacetonitrile and sequential ring closure of the α-fluoro-β-ketonitrile with hydrazine. Utilizing this synthetic protocol, we have synthesized a variety of 4-fluoro-2H-pyrazol-3-ylamines with different steric and electronic demands.


The breakdown voltage, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{{\text {BR}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, of a superjunction whose pillar parameters, namely doping, length, and width, are optimized to yield the least specific ON-resistance, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${R}_{{\text {ONSP}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, for the specified <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{{\text {BR}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, falls drastically for even small charge imbalances. Hence, a structure fabricated with these target parameter values often has a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V} _{{\text {BR}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> much lower than specified due to the charge imbalance caused by random process variations. We give an analytical solution for alternate target parameter values which yield the specified <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{{\text {BR}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> in spite of process variations, with minimum sacrifice in <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${R} _{{\text {ONSP}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. The solution is obtained by the method of Lagrange multipliers and a simple equation for the breakdown field versus charge imbalance. It is validated by TCAD simulation. It can either be approximated to a closed-form or can yield the target parameter values accurately with just a few iterations. Apart from eliminating the tedious iterations of prior design methods, our solution provides two new insights: when compared with an optimum balanced device, a device optimized considering typical charge imbalance has significantly lower pillar doping but almost the same pillar length and width; the breakdown field of a balanced device is a power law function of the pillar length alone. Although illustrated for 4H-SiC structures with <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{{\text {BR,target}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of 1–10 kV, our solution should work for any semiconductor after material specific changes.


Design without color lacks vitality. Therefore, color has become a kind of mainstream in modern design, especially that research emphasizing on psychological color and engineering color makes color design the mainstream setting fashion. "Micro-color's" positive energy is also the trend of modern design. In fact, modern color design has become comprehensive science combining color optics, color physiology, color psychology, color aesthetics and color engineering. So it is undoubted that there is important practical significance in mastering application and research of color in modern design. Keywords—modern design; color application; micro-color


Monometallic (Ag, Cu) and bimetallic (Ag + Cu) catalysts were prepared by metal loading (Ag:Cu = 0.3 and 1.8) on 3-aminopropyl-trimethoxysilane-grafted SBA-15 and calcination at 773 K and either reduction by NaBH4 before calcination or activation in inert gas after calcination. The catalysts treated in this way were fully characterized. Cu/SBA-15 samples contained CuO and oligonuclear [Cuδ+···Oδ−···Cuδ+]n clusters irrespective of the catalyst treatment. Silver–SBA-15 contained cationic silver in the form of Ag2O which was transformed to metallic Au0 by the reduction with NaBH4 and was not reoxidized during calcination. In bimetallic catalysts, different species were identified depending mainly on the Ag:Cu atomic ratio and the post modification treatment. When the excess of copper was applied the core (Ag2O)–shell (CuO) structure of the bimetallic phase was formed. If the reduction with NaBH4 was used prior to calcination, the same core–shell structure was present but with higher dispersion of CuO, manife...


Objective To discover KOA method of early diagnosis and improve diagnostic accuracy by analyzing clinical data of knee osteoarthritis(KOA) patients during two years. Methods The clinical data of 300 KOA patients were retrospectively analyzed, patients' clinical symptoms and signs were observed during two years and analyzed for the data of 37 patients who underwent knee arthroscopic surgery. Preoperative scans included knee 1.5 T MRI and 3.0 T MRI UTE imaging. According to the classification criteria for grading each KOA to arthroscopic diagnosis as the standard, the compliance rate of two kinds MRI examination was compared and analyzed. Results There were 245 cases whose first symptom was cold sore and the positive rate was 81.7%, 231 cases' first symptom was snapping joint and the positive rate was 77.0%, 82 cases' first symptom was cold sore and the positive rate was 27.3%. Physical examination of the knee: test of traction of patella(143 cases, 47.7%), patella grind test(125 cases, 41.7%), genu varum(74 cases, 24.7%). Thirty seven cases of knee arthroscopy surgery rating: 0 grade in 5cases,Ⅰgrade 20 cases, Ⅱ grade 12 cases. In arthroscopic diagnosis criteria, 3.0 T MRI UTE imaging in gradeⅠ(χ2 =4.497, P =0.034), gradeⅡ(χ2 =5.196, P =0.014) diagnosis was higher than 1.5 T MRI scan, there was statistically significant difference(P 0.05). Conclusion The most important symptoms of early KOA is cold sore, snapping joint and morning stiffing also are important. The physical examination of the knee is test of traction of patella, Patella grind test, and Genu varum. The auxiliary examination mainly rely on knee MRI, and the use of 3.0T MRI UTE imaging could improve the early diagnosis rate of KOA.


During bombardment of a stainless steel sample by 5 keV D+ ions we study simultaneously the reemission of D2 molecules and the depth distribution of deuterium in the target. We determine separately the depth distribution of trapped and mobile deuterium. The mobile component exhibits a uniform density to a depth of 850 A. A determination is made of the surface recombination rate coefficient relating the emission of free molecules to the density of mobile atoms in the surface. A value of 1.5×10−29 cm4 s−1 is determined for a target at 30 °C. Data are presented up to a 100 °C target temperature and are consistent with previous determinations at higher temperatures. A simple model shows how reemission varies with bombardment fluence and permits a separate evaluation of the recombination rate from the temporal dependence of reemission.


Alkali activated concrete can gain high strength, nevertheless the advantage is seen in its high durability, which is related to the alumosilicate network. Due to this and the opportunity to use high amounts of (or even primarily) industrial wastes for the binding material, alkali activated concrete represents a material with a high sustainability potential. But a broad utilization beyond special applications can only be achieved, if the cost side can compete with conventional cement concrete.


The major problem of this study is to reveal how women's position and right are reflected in Wayne Wang's Marisa Ventura. The objective of this study is to analyze the movie based on its structural elements and a feminist approach.
In analysis, the writer uses qualitative method. The object of the study is Wayne Wang's Marisa Ventura released in 2002 in the United States. The data sources consist of primary and secondary data sources. The primary data source is Marisa Ventura movie itself and the secondary data sources are the other sources related to the primary data such as the information about the director's biography, websites, and the historical background of America in the late of twentieth century. The method of the data collection are watching the movie, taking notes the important data, arranging the data based on category of elements of literature review, and the last is looking for the supporting data. The technique of data analysis is descriptive analysis.
The outcome of the study is shown in the following conclusion. First, Wayne Wang wants to describe that in order to get their rights as human being women should be smart and talented and women are expected not only to accept the condition and wait for the miracle but they must struggle to get freedom in all aspect of life. The second, this movie contains many facts that reflect woman's position, woman's role, woman's right, and woman's participation in leading her life as a maid.


An assessment of melt spreading in the Mark I system has been carried out using the MELTSPREAD-1 computer code together with supporting analyses. Application of MELTSPREAD-1 confirms the calculation of shell survival in a wet containment for the most probable melt release conditions from NUREG/CR-5423. According to MELTSPREAD-1, a dry containment also may not be threatened by melt spreading. This reflects the heat losses undergone by the melt in the process of spreading to the shell conservatively neglected in NUREG/CR-5423. However, there exist parameter ranges outside the most probable set where shell failure may be calculated. Accounting for the breakup and quenching of melt relocating through a deep layer of subcooled water also conservatively neglected in NUREG/CR-5423 can reduce the set of parameter variations for which containment failure is calculated in the wet case.


The rate of escape of Brownian particle over doubly peaked potential barriers is calculated by the exact solution of the Smoluchowski equation. It is found that the rate depends strongly on the form of the potential barriers.


This article is devoted to the identification and observation of the distinctive characteristics of the spatial behaviour of tourists in a destination country, utilizing a comparative analysis of cross-national differences of international tourist flows (ITF) in China. One chief advantage of this study is that the selected country - China - has a good data availability in terms of both tourist arrivals and tourism resources. Therefore, a comprehensive comparative study of tourist flows within a destination country can be carried out. This study commences by discussing the conceptual and theoretical issues of tourist flows within a destination country. Then it outlines the demand and supply side of the international tourism market in China. Following this, using various qualitative and quantitative approaches, the article engages in a detailed examination of the definable features and regularities of ITF within China. In conclusion, cross-national differences of ITF in China have been identified, establishing that ITF are not random, but patterned by the geographical and national background of tourists. However, the effect of nationality is not consistent across all groups, suggesting that factors other than nationality, such as cultural differences and socio-economic factors might be functioning. Further research is recommended based on these findings.


Kego Fault is a 50 km-long northwest-trending left-lateral active fault in north Kyushu, Japan. 2005 West o# Fukuoka Prefecture Earthquake was generated from the north part of its submarine extent. We conducted single-channel seismic profiling and coring of sediments in Hakata bay in order to reveal Holocene paleoseismicity for seismic risk evaluation of the unbroken southern part of the fault, on which highly-populated Fukuoka city is developing. The active fault traces in the bay extend continuously from land, and keep same mode and sense of faulting shown on land as left-lateral strike slip with downthrown to the east. Our high-resolution seismic profile records show consistent vertical displacement down to the east along the fault traces in the Holocene sediments. Horizontally deposited layers below 2.1 m from the bay floor were successively faulted, and the layers


I first went, as a student, into the field (Zululand, 1938) without the benefit of a clear theory of investigation of customary law. Llewellyn and Hoebel's Cheyenne Way (1941) had not yet appeared; and years later,' when I ended my fieldwork among some Rhodesian Shona tribes (1952), Hoebel's classic The Law of Primitive Man, which further elaborated the theoretical angle of this kind of inquiry (1954: Ch. 1-4) had yet to be published. I did not, however, course entirely haphazardly through this field. I was trained in (mainly African) ethnography and (Roman Dutch) law, had learnt to read the decisions and interpretations of (South African) European courts on "native law and custom" with some critical reservation, and had found in works like Schapera's Handbook of Tswana Law and Custom (1938) -probably still the best of its kind as regards Africa--a suitable, systematic frame for the pursuit of my inquiries and the exposition of my findings. Moreover, my home background had acquainted me with some of the work and aims of Dutch scholars on Indonesian adatlaw who, inspired by the great jurist Van Vollenhoven,2 then seemed to be leading the field with their efforts to arrange the rich variety of Indonesian folk law and practice into a coherent system with a distinctly indigenous imprint. Van Vollenhoven's early and repeated insistence upon the need "het oostersche oostersch te zien" (to perceive that which is oriental through oriental eyes),3 instead of seeking to fit Indonesian concepts into the familiar categories and analytical schemas of Western jurisprudence, had obvious application also to the African field.


32 patients (26 (82%) female and 6 (18%) male patients) age 38,4±7,8 years with osteoarthritis of the knee have been investigated. Endothelial dysfunction markers have been studied in this group. Changes in endothelial function markers (increased activity of Willebrandt blood Factor (WBF), increase in the number of desquamated endothelial cells (DEC) and decrease of quantity of active metabolites of NO) have been observed in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee in comparison with the control group.


Excerpt The cure of many bacterial pneumonias with sulfonamide compounds and with antibiotics has led to an impression that the nature of pneumonia in general has changed greatly in the past decade...


Understanding and semantic annotation of Human-Vehicle Interactions (HVI) facilitate fusion of Hard sensor (HS) and Human Intelligence (HUMINT) in a cohesive way. By characterization, classification, and discrimination of HVI patterns pertinent threats may be realized. Various Persistent Surveillance System (PSS) imagery techniques have been proposed in the past decade for identifying human interactions with various objects in the environment. Understanding of such interactions facilitates to discover human intentions and motives. However, without consideration of incidental context, reasoning and analysis of such behavioral activities is a very challenging and difficult task. This paper presents a current survey of related publications in the area of context-based Imagery techniques applied for HVI recognition, in particular, it discusses taxonomy and ontology of HVI and presents a summary of reported robust image processing techniques for spatiotemporal characterization and tracking of human targets in urban environments. The discussed techniques include model-based, shape-based and appearance-based techniques employed for identification and classification of objects. A detailed overview of major past research activities related to HVI in PSS with exploitation of spatiotemporal reasoning techniques applied to semantic labeling of the HVI is also presented.


Measurements of the acute toxicity of bis (dimethylamido) fluorophosphate (BFP) were conducted using several species of animals. The following approximate LD50 values in mgm./kgm. were obtained for BFP given intraperitoneally: rats 5, mice 1.4 and guinea pigs 2.5. When given intravenously to dogs the LD50 was between 5 and 10 mgm./kgm. After oral administration to rats the approximate LD50 was 7.5 mgm./kgm. indicating that the compound is well absorbed from the gastro-intestinal tract. No sex difference in susceptibility to the compound was noted in rats.

The symptoms in all species were typical of those produced by cholinergic drugs. Symptoms referable to stimulation of the central nervous system were absent in dogs and less pronounced than the peripheral effects in all other species tested.

The predominant cardiovascular effects of BFP in anesthetized dogs given doses in the range of the LD50 consisted of an initial transient pressor response with a slight increase in pulse rate. This was followed by a sharp, sustained fall in mean blood pressure, marked bradycardia and a wide pulse pressure. A gradual increase in the depressor effect of acetylcholine to a maximum increase of about 300-fold occurred during the first hour after intravenous administration of 1 mgm./kgm. of BFP to dogs. After lethal doses of BFP respiratory paralysis always preceded cardiac arrest.

Measurements of the anticholinesterase action of BFP in vitro demonstrated that this compound produced 50 per cent inhibition of the cholinesterase activity of several tissues at a final molar concentration of 4 x 10-5 M . After administration of ½ the LD50 dose to rats there occurred a gradual fall in the cholinesterase activity of serum, submaxillary gland, skeletal muscle and ileum over a period of 2 hours. Brain was only slightly affected suggesting that BFP does not readily gain access to the central nervous system. After single sublethal doses slow return of the enzyme activity to normal levels occurred over a period of several days.

Daily administration of doses of 0.5 mgm./kgm. and higher doses of BFP to rats produced a cumulative toxic effect. The cumulative toxic action was accompanied by a progressive decrease in cholinesterase activity of brain and skeletal muscle with each succeeding dose of the drug. Submaxillary gland, cardiac muscle and serum exhibited a marked reduction in enzyme activity after the first dose of 0.1 mgm./kgm. or higher amounts of BFP and successive doses resulted in maintenance of the enzyme activity at a continued low level.

Incubation of BFP with liver slices resulted in detoxification probably by hydrolysis of the fluorophosphate linkage. Measurement of the urinary excretion of BFP indicated that less than 2 per cent of the administered dose is excreted in the unchanged form.

Premedication with atropine protected rats against two times the LD50 dose of BFP. Premedication with atropine and eserine increased the LD50 of BFP for mice 25 to 30-fold but provided no protection to rats.

The results of this study indicated that BFP is a cholinergic compound with predominant effects on peripheral tissues. It produces essentially the same type of pharmacological effects as DFP and is of similar potency but BFP is stable in aqueous solutions and does not appreciably affect the central nervous system. It thus lacks the undesirable properties which have limited the clinical usefulness of DFP and therefore offers the possibility of being useful as a medicinal agent.


Objective: To observe the effect of pathologic picture of Baofei Dingchuang Decoction(BDD) on rats with pulmonary emphysema and its relation with Eastern time I(ET 1). Methods:Take SO 2 and papain to make model by stimulation. The treatment consisted of groups with different dosages of BDD.Results: Among the rats of all kinds dosage groups, TVL/weight reduced, drainage/perfusion increased, the unit area pulmonary alveoli increased, average pulmonary alveoli area decreased, with no obvious rising of ET 1, which were significantly different from those in model group. Moreover, these dosage groups revealed the depending relationship of quantity efficacy. The pulmonary injury of the rats in BDD groups markedly relieved under the microscope. Conclusion:BDD can significantly reduce the rats' pulmonary injury due to model making factors, and had better prevention and treatment effect on experimental rats with pulmonary emphysema, whose mechanism might be related to the resistance of ET 1.


An LED electric sign board capable of displaying a stereoscopic image is provided to manufacture a stereoscopic image system without two projection apparatuses and an LCD shutter. An LED electric sign board capable of displaying a stereoscopic image comprises an LED module(30), a 3D polarizing sheet, and a controller(50,60,70). In the LED module, a plurality of LEDs forms a plurality of pixels for displaying the image. The 3D polarizing sheet is adjacently arranged in front of the LED module, and has a first polarizing filter and a second polarizing filter having a perpendicular polarizing direction for the first filter which are alternatively formed corresponding to each pixel along at least one direction of horizontal or perpendicular directions of the pixel. The controller makes the LED module alternatively display a left image and a right image. The left image or the right image is displayed through the pixel corresponding to the first polarizing filter or the second polarizing filter.


Cancer is due to the accumulation of deleterious mutations in stem cells. If a single stem cell acquires a specific set of m mutations leading to loss of growth control then the cell will proliferate to form a monoclonal malignant neoplasm, in which all the malignant cells are ultimately derived from the single aberrant stem cell. This concept, which has become the central dogma of carcinogenesis, is the result of over 50 years of theoretical and experimental work in cancer research.


In the process for further processing, in particular by a digital printing machine printed sheets for the preparation of multi-leaf printed products, the printed sheets are folded at least once by at least one folding device to a folded sheet and folded sheets collected in a collecting device above the other. The sheets are provided with a detection device to be recognized, recognition features and the detection means outputs the identification features corresponding signals to a central control means further controlling at least one folding device and / or the collecting device in accordance with the recognition features.


An ≈4 nm FeCrNi film, deposited on a Ru/B4C multilayer (ML), is used to study cathodic hydrogen charging in electrolyte. A thin film on a ML allows obtaining precise quantitative information on surface metal composition and oxidation state using the X‐ray standing wave technique combined with near‐edge X‐ray absorption spectroscopy. The metal composition is found being close to the composition of stainless steel (SS) 304, and, as for bulk steel, the outer 2 nm passive layer, consisting of oxidized iron and chromium, is depleted of nickel. Overall, it is found that the film represented a useful replica of the surface of bulk steel. Following exposure to 0.1 m KCl electrolyte at −0.6 V versus Ag/AgCl, 11.3 (±3)% swelling of the film by hydrogen absorption is observed. The estimated absorbed amount is exceeding reported bulk absorption under similar conditions by more than an order of magnitude. Strong hydrogen absorption appears to be enabled by the 2D character of the thin film, i.e., a significantly lower associated strain energy compared with bulk absorption. The strong surface swelling is suggested to be related to the lowering of the pitting corrosion resistance of SS surfaces reported following hydrogen exposure.


The standard IEC 61850 was applied in the on-line monitoring system of power distribution terminal, to establish a message model for the on-line monitoring function of power distribution terminal, which solved the problem that the power distribution terminal can not achieve interoperability. By means of extended IEC 60870-5-104 protocol, interaction between master station and terminal information model was achieved. On this basis, this paper proposed the function of real-time update terminal at master station, giving the corresponding algorithm and improving the function of on-line monitoring system of distribution terminal.


Several studies have stressed the involvement of inflammation in the pathophysiology of acute brain ischemia, but the role of immunoinflammatory activation in diabetic stroke patients has not yet been fully evaluated. The aim of our study was to evaluate immunoinflammatory activation of acute phase of stroke in relation to time of symptoms onset, diabetic state and diagnostic subtype. We enrolled 60 patients (32 diabetics; 28 non- diabetics) with acute ischemic stroke and 123 subjects without acute ischemic stroke, and measured levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, E-selectin, P-selectin, sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, VWF, 24–72 h and 7–10 days after stroke onset; TPA, PAI-1 plasma levels at 24–72h. Our stroke patients exhibited significantly higher plasma levels of cytokines, selectins, adhesion molecules and PAI-1, and diabetic stroke patients exhibited higher plasma levels of PAI-1 in comparison with non-diabetic ones. Lacunar strokes in comparison with those non-lacunar exhibited significantly lower levels of TNF-α and IL1-β, P-selectin and ICAM-1. Moreover, diabetic patients with lacunar strokes exhibited a minor grade of immunoinflammatory activation of the acute phase at 24–72h and 7–10 days after stroke onset. The minor grade of immunoinflammatory activation of patients with lacunar strokes, particularly diabetic ones, could be related to the minor extension of the infarct size, owing to the typical microvascular disease of diabetic subjects which could also explain the reported better outcome of this subtype of ischemic stroke.


This work aims to investigate the elastic wave propagation in the periodic impedance layered structure filled with magnetorheological fluid. The periodic impedance layered structure with high and low impedance layers is constructed by using the magnetorheological fluid with the controllability of liquid–solid conversion. The principle of the periodic impedance layered structure is presented. The transfer model of elastic wave in the proposed structure is established, and the propagation velocity and attenuation coefficient of elastic wave curves of the periodic impedance layered structures with different distribution modes are obtained. The prototype of experimental setup is designed and fabricated, and the experimental testing of the vibration transmissibility is conducted. The theoretical model is validated by comparing the results with the experimental measurements. The results suggest that appropriate distribution modes and also applied magnetic field are validly showing greater attenuation for elastic wave propagation in the periodic layered structures. Theoretical and experimental studies are conducted to investigate on the vibration transmissibility of the proposed structure, the findings of which contribute to provide guidance for the future vibration isolation platforms of the power systems in aerospace and marine engineering practical applications.


Jinyou 974 (Jin 23A/To974), newly developed by the Hengyang Agricultural Research Institute of Hunan, is a fine quality indica hybrid rice for early cropping season in the area of double rice cropping pattern. It is characteristic of early maturity, high and stable yield, fine quality, good resistance and high seed production yield. It was released to farmers in February, 1999. Its cultural management and hybrid seed production techniques were also briefly introduced.


The aims of this work was to determine risk areas with pesticide contamination on the Estiva stream watershed, a tributary of Urucui-Preto river, Brazil. Environmental data was used to determine layers of water way, infiltration and runoff with the transport of pesticide. The overlay of this information has generated a map with the risk areas with pesticide contamination. The basin had high human disturbance, with an increase of about 55% of land use and occupation by agricultural crops, in a period of approximately 27 years (1984-2011). An area of 269 Km2, correspondent to 11% of the basin area, has a high potential pesticide contamination risk, 45% medium contamination risk and 44% have little contamination risk.


Research on the knowledge preconditions problems for actions and plans has sought to answer the following questions: (1) When does an agent know enough to perform an action? (2) When can an agent execute a multi-agent plan? It has been assumed that the choice of temporal ontology is not crucial. This paper shows that this assumption is wrong and that it is very diicult to develop within existing ontologies theories that can answer both questions (1) and (2). A theory of linear time does not support a solution to the knowledge preconditions problem for action sequences. A theory of branching time solves this problem, but does not support a solution to the knowledge preconditions problem for multi-agent plan sequences. Linear time supports prediction, but does not support hypothetical reasoning; branching time supports hypothetical reasoning, but does not support prediction. Since both prediction and hypothetical reasoning are essential components of the solution to the knowledge preconditions problems, no comprehensive solution has yet been proposed. To solve this problem, we introduce a new temporal ontology, based on the concept of an occurrence that is real relative to a particular action. We show that this ontology supports both hypothetical reasoning and prediction. Using this ontology, we deene the predicates needed for the proper axiomatization for both knowledge preconditions problems.


Abstract The stimulated Raman spectrum of 12 CD 4 was recorded at high resolution, in the spectral range 1963 to 2260 cm −1 . Intensities of the rovibrational transitions were estimated by fitting the line profiles. The recorded elementary spectrum was 1 cm −1 wide; all recordings were then intensity calibrated. Afterward, the relative Raman intensities were analyzed by using a polarizability model developed previously [A. Boutahar and M. Loete, Can. J. Phys. 69, 26-35 (1991); J. P. Champion, M. Loete, and G. Pierre, in "Spectroscopy of the Earth′s Atmosphere and Interstellar Molecules" (K. Narahari Rao and A. Weber, Eds.), pp. 388-397, Academic Press, Boston, 1992]. The investigated region has five interacting bands (ν 1 , ν 3 , 2ν 2 , ν 2 + ν 4 , and 2ν 4 ) and they were analyzed simultaneously. Experimental data enabled retrieval of six polarizability parameters. The agreement between calculated and measured intensities is within about 12%. To confirm the results, some calculations were made of other spectra, recorded using spontaneous or stimulated Raman techniques.


Heterocyclic base adducts of Ni (II) complex have been synthesized by reacting the metal (II) chlorides with 5-chloro 2-hydroxy acetophenone N(4) phenyl thiosemicarbazone and in presence of heterocyclic bases like pyridine (py), α-picoline (α-pico), β-picoline (β-pico) and γ-picoline (γ-pico). Thiosemicarbazones have been characterized by 13C, 1H NMR as well as IR, electronic spectra and ESI-MS. The synthesized complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, electronic spectroscopy,ESI-MS as well as by TGA, DSC, magnetic and conductivity measurement. The magnetic and spectroscopic data indicated square planer geometry for the four coordinate complexes. Antimicrobial assay have also been carried out for synthesized compounds. The thiosemicarbazones and their metal complexes show growth inhibitory activity against Pseudomonas Pudia, Escherichia Coli, Aspergillus Niger and Candida Albicans. Antioxidant studies revealed the pro-oxidative nature of thiosemicarbazones and metal complexes.


This paper describes a very valuable data set on cloud and other atmospheric properties acquired during the deployment of the French Safire ATR42 aircraft in the framework of the EUREC4A campaign out of Barbados in early 2020. In the first part the flight strategy is outlined in detail while the second part gives an overview of the measurements and the available data sets. The paper is very well written and the descriptions of the flight strategy and the data set are mostly concise yet sufficiently detailed. For the more extensive parts of the data published elsewhere respective references to more complete discussion are given. The first part laying out the flight strategy and giving the meteorological context of each flight is very helpful for the interpretation and further use of the data. The data is well structured with extensive meta data and accessible in a database. I recommend the paper and data to be published after addressing a few very minor points.


In their viewpoint article [1], Cassulli and Tamorozzi stated that three "similar" [2–4] systematic reviews and meta-analyses on echinococcosis gave different, and maybe conflicting, results. However, although these three studies seem superficially similar, closer consideration of these articles would reveal that this is not the case. The study of Conraths et al [3] was on human alveolar echinococcosis (AE) and that of Possenti et al [4] was on human cystic echinococcosis (CE). Both studies investigated potential risk factors for infection and undertook a meta-analysis of these factors. In contrast, the study of Torgerson et al [2] focused on both diseases. Thus, there are very important differences between the three studies. AE is caused by Echinococcus multilocularis, whereas CE is caused by E. granulosus sensu lato. These two parasites have significant differences in their ecologies, although for both, humans become infected as a spillover from their lifecycles. Whereas E. multilocularis has a largely wildlife lifecycle, usually cycling between foxes and small mammals, E. granulosus usually cycles between dogs and domestic livestock. More importantly, however, in the studies of Conraths et al [3] and Possenti et al [4] only the odds ratios (OR) were analysed, whereas the study of Torgerson et al [2] focused on the attributable fraction (AF). The AF depends not only on the risk or OR, but also on the proportion of the population exposed to the risk factor. A risk factor may have a very high OR, but— should the proportion of the population exposed to the risk factor be low—then the AF will be low. Thus, it would not be surprising that a meta-analysis of OR would appear to produce different results to one that considered AF. A simple example can illustrate this difference. Imagine a cross-sectional study in which a population of 1000 people were examined by ultrasound. Of these, 100 had echinococcosis (10%). Of the population considered (1000 people), 10 owned dogs, and of the 10 dog owners, 9 had echinococcosis. Thus, the risk ratio for dog ownership is 9.79 and the OR is 88.91. Therefore, dog owners have a massively increased risk of echinococcosis compared with non-owners of dogs. BUT—of the 100 cases of echinococcosis, 91 were in people who did not own dogs. Thus, the AF to dog ownership is just 0.0808 or approximately 8.1%. Thus, being a dog owner has a high odds of being infected, but a low AF. This result is not conflicting, as it may seem, but a inevitable consequence of asking different questions of the same data. There is a tendency to assume that because something is possible, then it must happen. For both AE and CE there is the theoretical possibility that food maybe contaminated with


[1] The total Poynting flux flowing into both polar hemispheres as a function of time, computed with an empirical model, is compared with measurements of neutral densities in the thermosphere at two altitudes obtained from accelerometers on the CHAMP and GRACE satellites. The Jacchia-Bowman 2008 empirical thermospheric density model (JB2008) is used to facilitate the comparison. This model calculates a background level for the "global nighttime minimum exospheric temperature," Tc, from solar indices. Corrections to this background level due to auroral heating, ΔTc, are presently computed from the Dst index. A proxy measurement of this temperature difference, ΔTc, is obtained by matching the CHAMP and GRACE density measurements with the JB2008 model. Through the use of a differential equation, the ΔTc correction can be predicted from IMF values. The resulting calculations correlate very well with the orbit-averaged measurements of ΔTc, and correlate better than the values derived from Dst. Results indicate that the thermosphere cools faster following time periods with greater ionospheric heating. The enhanced cooling is likely due to nitric oxide (NO) that is produced at a higher rate in proportion to the ionospheric heating, and this effect is simulated in the differential equations. As the ΔTc temperature correction from this model can be used as a direct substitute for the Dst-derived correction that is now used in JB200, it could be possible to predict ΔTc with greater accuracy and lead time.


Objective: The present study investigates the effectiveness of using perceptual-motor skills on the decrease in behavioral disorders of five to eight year old children with ADHD. Method: In this quasi-experimental study, 26 five to eight year old children with ADHD referred to four occupational therapy centers were randomly divided into an experimental and a control group. Research instruments included Parents Rating Scale (CPRS-48), Child behavior check list (CBCL), Bruninks – Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOMT). After the intervention, which included a six week perceptual-motor practice, mothers were asked to fill out the behavioral checklists again. BOMT was used for postintervention assessment. Results: At the end of the intervention period all motor component scores (gross movments , fine movements, upper limb speed and dexterity and total score) showed significant improvement. Behavioral disorders (anxiety, social problems, attention problems, aggressive behaviors and others) also showed significant improvement. In addition, children in the control group showed significant improvement in fine movement and BOMT total score, as well as a decrease in aggressive behaviors and anxiety. Conclusion: The improvement of motor skills in children in this study appears to have resulted in a feeling of competency as well as daily activities and academic situations. More success, less failure, and finally more positive evaluations led to a decrease in aggression, anxiety and other behavioral problems in general among the children in this study.


Here, the seasonal variability of climate and water budget is analysed for a range of river basins in Saxony. The analysis is based on long measurement records (from 1930 to today) of temperature and the monthly runoff ratio, the ratio of basin runoff and precipitation. As both, temperature and runoff ratio can be approximated by a sinusoidal function on an annual basis, the seasonal variability can be represented by two parameters, phase and amplitude of the first Fourier component of each year.


Loan risk is one of most important source of risk that our commercial bank face and it constructs the main part of risk management. So strengthening the measurement is of much significance to our commercial bank. Based on brief introduction of the theory of loan projects risk, considering the complexity of multi-objective decision of credit risk assessment in commercial bank, this paper builds a new analysis index system for the loan projects risk ranking in commercial bank. By using GRA method to determine the weights of the evaluating indicators and taking the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation as the evaluation criteria, it advances a new method of loan projects risk assessment in commercial bank. The practical examples show that this method is feasible.


We have extended FROG to measure the intensity and phase of ultrashort pulses at ~1.5 micron. We employ the highly dispersive, high conversion efficiency, nonlinear crystal Proustite in this experimentally ultrasimple, few-element FROG device. (4 pages)


Fibre art is a technology of weaving which is ancient and young in subject . On the basis of carrying on tradifion modern fibre art moves towards expressing plurally and abstractly. The glamour of modetrn fibre art is embodied through many kinds of expression forms. This essay will emphatically make an analysis of the three respects of artostic charm including fibre material skin texture and vision form aiming at explaining spacial flexlible application and ingenious. Combination of the three key elements of modern fibre technology and hereby forms the extremely strong ornament glamour of modern fibre art. The aesthetic feeling of the vision is not only the core of an art form but also the soul of the artistic work. The artistic creatic areation of fibre should innovate constantly and grow with each passing hour around the aesthetic feeling of the vision. Only by doingthis can it reach the realm of beauty and goodness.


Abstract The problem treated here is the derivation of the probability density function (p.d.f.) of the random variable is a modified form of the system availability . System availability will here be assumed to be in a steady state, as defined in the WSEIAC model [15] where θ is the true system mean time between failures (MTBF), and μ is the true mean down-time. The Mellin integral transform is used to derive the density function of the random variable , where is defined as The p.f.d. of turns out to be a beta p.d.f. of the first kind with parameters m–1 and nμ–1 for which fractiles (percentiles) may be obtained, either from existing tables of the beta function [10], or more conveniently from a computer program yielding the beta distribution function tailored to beta fractiles of particular interest, such as the 90th, 95th, and 99th fractiles. Hypotheses concerning the true value of system availability may than be tested at the stated α levels; e.g., at the α=0.10, 0. 05 and, 0.01 levels corresponding, r...


During the 1980s Latin America's inflation problem worsened and successive stabilization programmes failed in many countries. This led to an increasing concern about the degree of rigidity imposed on the economy by different labour market structures built up over many decades. Wage indexation, in particular, was often blamed for the failure of stabilization and adjustment programmes. Examines the different components of an indexing system and assesses the degree of flexibility that the systems implemented in some countries brought to the labour market. While a particular indexing system may have the effect of reducing wage flexibility in certain periods, the analysis of data at the macro level shows that in the long term wage indexation has not been insurmountable obstacle. Stresses that wage determination is just one of the key processes with a substantial influence on inflation. In the case of high inflationary countries, the existence of various key prices draw attention to the need for co‐ordination in the adjustment of different prices during the application of a stabilization programme.


The practice of online learning during a pandemic is ideally able to provide independent learning for students. However, what happens is the loss of a meaningful learning experience. The research aims to describe the implementation of online learning in Banjarmasin and examine the selection of appropriate learning strategies in providing learning experiences for students. The data were sourced from structured interviews of as many as 15 students and five social studies teachers from 3 junior high schools. Structured interview data from the google form were tabulated, described, and analyzed by the social studies teacher in-depth interview through the restatement, description, and interpretation stages. The study results describe that choosing the right learning strategy has helped provide a learning experience for students during the pandemic. The learning strategy that can do is visiting teachers. Teacher visits are carried out with a clear schedule of regular attendance. In addition, teachers can take advantage of several platforms such as; zoom, google classroom, the personal messenger as learning media.


The purpose of this paper is to promote discussion of the practicalities, applicability, and implications of delivering vocational qualifications in the workplace. After the initial presentation, the presenters promote discussion of the findings, and most importantly, the exploration of alternative avenues of delivery, what forms the models might take, the implications and the issues of skill and knowledge development. In particular the focus will be how workplace delivery of vocational education and training (VET) appears to be influencing perceptions of 'trade' qualifications.


The effect of -tocopherol and -carotene supplementation on reducing the oxidative damag in the liver of rats were studied. Forth-five male Sprague Dawley aged 4 weeks were randomly assigned to 9 groups of five for the 12 weeks of the study. Nine groups, sardine oil, sardine oil+Vt E, sardine oil+-carotene, soybean oil, soybean oil+Vt E, soybean oil+-carotene, lard, lard+Vt E, lard+-carotene group, were prepared. Sardine oil, soybean oil, or lard was used for dietary fat and 200% of -tocopherol or 150% of -carotene was supplemented to each diet. Each diet supplied 65% of total energy as carbohydrate, 15% as protein, and 20% as lipid. The MDA value and protein carbonyl contents of sardine oil group were significantly different(p-tocopherol or -carotene was supplemented to the sardine oil diet, MDA value(-35%, -15%, respectively) and protein carbonyl content(-44%, -32%, respectively) decreased significantly(p-tocopherol on oxidative damage in sardine oil group supplemented with -tocopherol was noticeable(p-carotene was observed. SOD and catalase activities of -carotene supplemented groups were that the lowest among the same fat groups, but the differences were not statistically significant. The possible cause of decreased enzyme activity seemed to be related to the vitamin A(Vt A) toxicity in the liver where retinol converted from dietary -carotene in the intestinal mucosa was stored.


This paper mainly studies the probabilistic flow of integrated energy system (IES) composed of electrical power system and natural-gas system, considering the randomness of wind power. Firstly, the model of electric power systems (EPS) and natural-gas systems (NGS) is established, and the concept of pipeline admittance matrix and pipeline pressure drop is introduced in modeling the NGS. On this basis, The "Removing Compressor Technique" is proposed as innovation. The Newton-Raphson Method is presented to solve the steady state energy flow of the IES, considering the two inter-dependencies of the gas-fired generator and the moto-compressor. Finally, an integrated framework based on the Monte Carlo Simulation is presented to analyze the probabilistic energy flow problem, considering the randomness of wind power. Several case studies are utilized to show the operation status of the EPS and the NGS exert an influence each other and the proposed methodology is applicable in the IES.


Through a close reading of Douglass's farewell speech in London, the newspaper coverage of the racist discrimination he faced once again from the Cunard shipping company, and his subsequent account of the episode, this chapter shows how Douglass returned to the United States, equipped with the skills and confidence to embark on a new phase of his career, breaking away with his mentor William Lloyd Garrison with a strong sense of his own, distinctive, role in the antislavery struggle to come.


The article deals with the most dangerous topical issue related to the immediate safety of a person, society and the state as a whole to technogenic terrorism. Technogenic terrorism represents an extremely complicated phenomenon in the social and legal environment of any state in the world and can have disastrous consequences for human security and for the world as a whole. This research focuses on the historical aspects of occurrence of hazard, it is analyzed individual objects of technosphere that carry potential danger, and it is defined the emergency essence as part of technogenic terrorism and it is provided their classification. Separately, it is focused on the technological safety state in Ukraine and finding of appropriate legal measures of counteractions to technogenic terrorism in Ukraine.


Drugs are encapsulated in nano-sized liposomes to refine their pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic or physico-chemical behavior upon administration. Immunoliposomes utilize targeting ligands conjugated to their surface to specifically target the encapsulated drug to the disease affected tissue. The conjugation reaction combining the carrier and ligand is a critical manufacturing step since it is a possible source of product heterogeneities. In this work, Sortase A transpeptidase was investigated as chemoenzymatic tool providing a site specific anchoring of ligands on liposomes.
Pentaglycine motifs serving as Sortase-A acceptor motifs were integrated into various liposomal formulations. Liposome manufacturing via a solvent injection process and subsequent tangential flow filtration was characterized regarding liposome size, polydispersity and lipid composition. Sortase-A catalyzed the conjugation of LPETG-modified antibodies to the liposomal surface. The reaction kinetics and efficiency were examined under aspects of liposomal surface properties, temperature, enzyme and substrate concentration. Additionally, Sortase-A depletion procedures from the reaction bulk and alternative manufacturing strategies (post-insertion) were characterized.
Conjugation of CD11b¬ specific antibodies led to a targeting of liposomes to human and murine myeloid cells in vitro. For the first time, sortagged liposomes specifically delivered model fluorophores to murine splenic myeloid cells in vivo. Additionally, epidermal growth factor receptor targeted liposomes loaded with doxorubicin exhibited a specifically higher cytotoxicity on a breast cancer cell line compared to their non targeted counterparts.
In this thesis, it became obvious that Sortase A transpeptidation is a suitable technology to anchor targeting ligands on liposomes. The obtained results contribute to the elucidation of site-selective conjugation strategies utilized for the design of targeted nanotherapeutics.


Frangipani flowers (Plumeria acuminata L.) Flower is one of the plants that has antibacterial properties. Compounds that act as antibacterial are flavonoids and tannins. The purpose of this study was to prove the antibacterial activity of ethanol, chloroform, and n-hexane fractions of Frangipani flowers (Plumeria acuminata L.) flower as antibacterial against E. coli and S. aureus with Bioautography.The process of extracting plumeria acuminata L. flowers was carried out by maceration method using 70% ethanol. The extract was continued with the fractionation process with ethanol, n-hexane and chloroform solvents. Antibacterial activity testing using the well method with concentrations of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100%, positive chloramphenicol control, and negative aquadest control. The compound content test used the Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) method with the mobile phase of chloroform: methanol: water (2:5:3) (v/v).Bioautography test using the contact method, namely the elution TLC plate, was placed on the NA medium containing a bacterial suspension for 3 hours. The biggest antibacterial test results of ethanol fraction of plumeria acuminata L. flowers were at a concentration of 100% with a diameter of inhibition zone of 13.55 mm in E. coli while 14.15 mm S. aureus. The results of TLC showed the presence of flavonoids with a price of Rf 0.70 and tannin at a price of Rf 0.68. Bioautography results showed a inhibition zone with a price of Rf 0.70 in E. coli and S. aureus which are flavonoid compounds. Based on the results of the research that has been done it can be concluded that the ethanol fraction of white frangipani flowers has antibacterial activity against E.coli and S. aureus, while the chloroform fraction and n-hexane fraction do not have antibacterial activity. The active compounds that act as antibacterial are flavonoids and tannin, but the ones that provide antibacterial effects are flavonoids with an Rf value of 0.70.


The volume describes various additions and extensions of an occupant model needed to simulate the pedestrian accident victim and the model's performance in simulating the drop tests of Volume IV. The modifications included changes to the victim-vehicle interaction subroutines, victim geometry, and vehicle geometry. Portions of this document are not fully legible.


No collections were made in Mexico on this trip, though arrangements were made with scientists with the U.S. Department of Agriculture Fruit Insects Section to send seed in the future. Two regions were visited to identify avocado diseases reported to be possibly new, an area near Queretaro, and another near the village of Jungapeo. Phytophthora cinnamomi was isolated from roots cultured from these regions, and the disease was identified as avocado root rot.


Background: High prevalence of maternal malnutrition, low birthweight and child malnutrition in India contribute substantially to the global malnutrition burden. Rural India has disproportionately higher levels of child malnutrition. Stunting and wasting are the primary determinants of malnutrition and their district-level distribution shows clustering in different geographies and regions. Methods: The last round of National Family Health Survey (NFHS4) has disaggregated data by district, enabling a more nuanced understanding of the prevalence of markers of malnutrition. We used data from NFHS4 and agricultural statistics datasets to analyse relationship of cereal cultivation with the prevalence of child malnutrition. We studied the current science on growth-related nutrient-sensing pathways to explain this pattern. Results: Stunting and wasting patterns across districts show a distinct geographical and age distribution; districts with higher wasting showed early prevalence of 40% at six months of age. Wasting was associated with higher cultivation of millets, with a stronger association seen for jowar and other millets. Low maternal BMI in districts with higher wasting could be linked to the consumption of millets as staple. We conceptualised a hypothetical schematic pathway linking early origin of wasting in children with millet-based diet, driven by inhibition of critical intra-cellular pathways controlling growth covering pre-natal, post-natal and early childhood. The analysis was limited by lack of fine-scale data on prevalence of low birth-weight and type of cereal consumed. Open Peer Review


The Cu1-xCoxO(0.02≤x≤0.14) composite oxide electrodes are prepared by reactive DC magnetron sputtering.Techniques of X-ray diffraction (XRD),energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) are adopted to confirm the crystal structure,chemical composition and surface morphology of deposits.The electrochemical characteristics of deposits are further explored by cyclic voltammetry (CV),linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).The XRD spectrum analysis shows that the deposits have a CuO monoclinic crystal structure without appearance of cobalt oxide isolated phase.Based on the electrochemical study,the Cu1-xCoxO electrode exhibits better catalytic activity than CuO and Co3O4 electrodes for oxygen evolution reaction (OER).The increase in OER activity of the Cu1-xCoxO electrode is attributed to its better catalysis,enlarged surface roughness and decreased resistance according to the results of electrochemical analysis ]together with SEM.Moreover,the power of 45 W (Co)-100 W (Cu) is chosen for the best conditions to prepare the deposits.