: Single-molecule magnets (SMMs) are discrete metal complexes that retain their magnetization below a certain temperature, with possible applications in quantum information processing, molecular spintronics and high-density data storage. Complexes of lanthanoid(III) ions have proven highly successful in the field, with some exhibiting magnetic hysteresis at liquid nitrogen temperatures. Inelastic neutron scattering (INS), widely used for the study of the crystal-field splitting engendered by the coordination environment of metal centers, can afford a wealth of information when applied to the study of these molecular nanomagnets, as the SMM properties arise from the electronic structure of the lanthanoid(III) ions. Although relatively underutilized to date, INS can be employed alongside crystal-field analysis, and/or ab initio calculations, to understand how subtle structural changes impact SMM behaviour. In this Microreview we discuss the application of INS to the study of lanthanoid complexes, to elucidate both crystal field splitting and exchange coupling in coupled metal-radical and metal-metal SMMs.


Abstract Pyranosidic allylic (Ferrier) cations that share dicobalt hexacarbonyl propargyl (Nicholas) stabilization at C-1, can be easily generated by treatment of hexacarbonyldicobalt alkynyl glycals with BF3·OEt2, and display a remarkable reactivity leading to a variety of products. The substituent at O-6 in these glycals plays a pivotal role in directing the outcome of the transformations. Accordingly, 6-O-benzyl or 6-O-allyl groups cause a series of transformations resulting in the stereoselective formation of oxepanes through a process that involves an initial hydride transfer step from the allyl or benzyl substituent to the Ferrier–Nicholas cation. On the contrary, 6-OH derivatives undergo an overall ring contraction to branched tetrahydrofuran derivatives. 6-O-Silyl derivatives, in the presence of heteroaryl nucleophiles, were transformed into C-3 branched bis-C-C-glycosides, containing two of such molecules.


Ethanol obtained from the fermentation process can be steam reformed to hydrogen in the presenceof suitable catalyst, to be further used in fuel cells. In this study, the 10%Co/SiO 2 catalyst was studied todetermine the suitable concentration of ethanol during the steam reforming. The ethanol concentrationwas varied from 15%, to 20% and 25% by volume at 450  o C reaction temperature and atmosphericpressure. The results showed that although the amount of hydrogen generated increased with ethanolconcentration, in term of hydrogen yield it decreased. It implied that smaller fraction of ethanol wasconverted to hydrogen at higher ethanol concentration, as shown by the decrease in hydrogen selectivity.On the other hand, the selectivity toward carbon monoxide was nearly constant with ethanol concentration.Thus, in term of product quality and hydrogen yield, 15% ethanol by volume seems to be the bestcondition for ethanol steam reforming. This result implied that bio-ethanol from fermentation process canbe directly used without distillation. The degree of utilization of the catalyst can be shown in term ofturnover frequency (TOF). It showed that higher TOF was obtained at higher ethanol concentrationmeaning that catalyst was more utilized at higher ethanol concentration. When increasing the cobalt loadingto 20%, it was found that the product quality was improved. In addition, the TOFs of the 10% and20% Co/SiO 2 were approximately the same at the same reaction condition, thus, the steam reforming ofethanol is the structural insensitive reaction. It suggested that at the same reaction temperature, siteactivity of cobalt metals varies only with the concentration of ethanol, not the percent loading. Resultsfrom the deactivation study after 6 hours of reaction showed no sintering of silica support but a slightdecrease in pore volume and pore size was observed, probably by a slight coke formation inside themesopores. Keywords : Ethanol Steam Reforming / Co/SiO 2 Catalyst / Ethanol Concentration


During seismic data acquisition, receivers with finer trace intervals can be distributed to record seismic signals. The distance between neighbouring shots, on the other hand, can be significant, resulting in regularly missing shots in the common receiver gathers, which may cause significant spatial aliasing and reduce the precision of later seismic imaging. Traditional interpolation algorithms have several issues and limitations for seismic data with spatial aliasing due to prior assumptions and human–computer interactions. As a result, we present a new deep learning method that includes the generation of adaptive training data and the design of a consistent convolution kernel. Deep learning has the ability to characterize seismic data in a nonlinear manner that is ideal for accurate seismic interpolation. Because the common shot gathers and common receiver gathers have similar features due to the spatial reciprocity of Green's function of the wave equation if all shots have the same physical signatures, the common shot gathers with a refined trace interval are adaptively extracted as the training dataset to guarantee the interpolation performance in the common receiver gathers. With regularly subsampled data as input an improved U‐Net is created and trained to match the desired output, that is, the completed data. The trained network can be deployed to the test common receiver gathers to rebuild regularly missing shots. We develop a novel consistent convolution kernel to ensure high accuracy of missing shot reconstruction while accounting for differences between prestack unmigrated seismic data and images. Using numerically subsampled synthetic and field data, the effectiveness and validity of the developed consistent convolution kernel and the upgraded U‐Net with adaptive training data for missing shot interpolation are demonstrated.


In this letter, a novel circuit architecture for active polyphase filter is proposed and analyzed. The currents produced from two sourcefollower with capacitor and common-source stage in a single-stage are used to realize high-pass and low-pass functions, respectively. Compared to other conventional active polyphase filters, the proposed polyphase filter uses a simpler structure to achieve strong image rejection in a wide band while obtaining lower power consumption, higher operating frequency and smaller chip area. In the 0.18-μm CMOS process, the proposed active polyphase filter occupies less than 0.65mm2 of chip area. From the measurements, the active polyphase filter shows an image rejection ratio of 48.5 dB at frequencies of 5.5MHz to 26.5MHz, a voltage gain of 6.8 dB and an IIP3 of 3.8 dBm at 16MHz while consuming only 3.1mA from a 1.8-V supply.


Refugeees' fleeing was an outstanding phenomenon in the Republic of China before Anti-Japanese War.The government in disaster-stroken area adopt let-alone policy for its refugees' fleeing because of incapable of providing relief or just in order to evade responsibility.However,the government in influx area could hardlly provide relief for their refugees,not alone the refugees from other areas.Furthermore,administrative divisions and funds distribution also restrained their desire for relieving refugees coming from other provinces.As a result,they always regarded the coming refugees with expelling or sending back.However,refugees had no alterative but fleeing again bacause they could not make a living in their own village.Generally speaking,refugees lived hard in non-accepting circumstances during the whole famine period.This problem could not be resolved in local lity or in short time.It need goverments in all levels energetically coopperate,need bring a permanent control of creating refugees' circumstance.However,limited to that times' condition,reguees' fleeing could not be resolved perfectly,and then,refugees' destitute and homeless was just as same as before.


The YAFL programming language is an original modern coding language. In this article, the design and implementation of YAFL are discussed, along with several attached programming tools. The language and its underlying principles are discussed first. Furthermore, some information about the experience gained with the use of YAFL are provided.


Abstract Carrots (Daucus carota L.) were grown in mineral soils with one of several nitrogen (N) programs during two years. Nitrogen management based on the available soil N content (nitrate plus ammonium) in the top 30 cm was compared with increasing amounts of N applied in multiple applications. Available soil N was monitored throughout the growing season. Nitrate‐N concentration in the petiole sap and in the root tissue was measured while the roots were sizing. In both years, total and marketable carrot yields were maximized with the N program which accounted for available soil N in the top 30 cm in mid‐June. Applying more N increased top biomass and nitrate‐N concentration in the carrot root which resulted in higher residual soil nitrate‐N after harvest in 1993. Insufficient N resulted in a greater incidence of foliar disease in the late fall. The nitrate‐N content of the expressed petiole sap related directly to the amount of N applied. An accounting of N inputs and plant accumulation indicates that ...


This study investigated the effects of reciprocal peer tutoring, peer tutoring and conventional teaching method on students' performance in Building Technology using the quasi-experimental research design. The population consisted of all the 232 ND II Building Technology students' in the four public Polytechnics in Edo, Delta and Ondo States of Nigeria, while the sample comprised of 193 ND II students purposively selected from three out of the three Polytechnics. The instrument used for data collection was the Building Technology Achievement Test (BTAT) which consisted 80 multiple choice items. Three hypotheses guided this study. Data collected were analyzed using Mean and t-test and ANOVA. The findings revealed among others: a significant difference between the Mean post-test score of students RPT and those exposed to CTM, in favour of RPT; Gender had no significant effects on students' performance; and there was no significant interaction effect of gender and teaching methods on students' performance. It was recommended among others that: Building Technology teachers should be encouraged to employ RPT more in their teaching in order to increase the level of students' performance in Building Technology.


systems and the potential impact of information systems. Satisfaction of users of accounting information systems has an important role in the effectiveness of the use of accounting information systems. The purpose of this study was to determine and prove the effect of the quality of accounting information systems and their perceived usefulness on user satisfaction of accounting information systems. This research was conducted at the Head Office of the Bali Regional Development Bank. The total population in this study was 230. The sample was determined by purposive sampling method with a sample of 155. Data was collected using a questionnaire and the data analysis technique used was multiple linear regression analysis. Based on data analysis it was found that system quality has a positive effect on user satisfaction of accounting information systems and perceived usefulness has a significant positive effect on user satisfaction of accounting information systems. This study supports the DeLone & Mclean Information System Success Model in explaining the positive relationship between information quality and accounting information system user satisfaction and supports the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM).


In this paper we explain the methodology taken to tackle the problem of predicting the students' performance as stated in the KDD Cup 2010 Educational Data Mining Challenge. To address this task, we designed a methodology of our own, which we call hierarchical aggregation prediction method. The main objective of the proposed method is to achieve a good computational eciency, without signicant loss in accuracy. This is achieved by, reducing the amount of data that is processed through the hierarchical aggregation of data, and application of feature selection methods. We further improve the computational speed of the proposed method by using the relational database for aggregation procedures. We highlight the advantages of the proposed method (much faster execution speed, while maintaining comparable accuracy) by comparing it with the k-nearest neighbors (k-NN) classication algorithm (which also performs aggregation, but in a dierent manner).


Modern day research in climatology and archaeology requires thousands of samples for a conclusive dataset. LIBS has the unique advantage of taking fast, insitu measurements at low costs. Moreover it allows to easily replicate data to achieve well-founded and statistically valid results. This is why it is key to further develop it as an alternative to other analyses that are more expensive and time consuming to improve sample numbers and quality of research.


A poly( tert -butyl methacrylate)(PBMA) macromonomer was synthesized by anionic polymerization with bis(2,6-di- t -butyl phenoxy) methyl aluminum [MeAl(ODBP)_2] as the initiator and trimethylsilylmethacrylate(TMSMA) as the end capping agent in dry THF. Then, a poly(methacrylic acid)(PMAA) macromonomer was obtained by means of hydrolysis reaction from the PBMA macromonomer in the presence of hydrochloric acid. The structures of the PBMA macromonomer were characterized by using 1H NMR. It was found that the resulted PBMA macromonomer has highly isotactic properties and the PMAA macromonomer has an end vinyl group on per polymer chain. The monodisperse polymeric microspheres, which consisted of polystyrene cores and PMAA branches on their surfaces, were prepared by the dispersion copolymerization of styrene with the PMAA macromonomer in an ethanol/water mixed solvent. It was found that the concentration of the PMAA macromonomer would affect the microsphere formation, the morphology and its size in the copolymerization system.


Improving Operating Room Efficiency After each surgery in a hospital, every reusable instrument that has entered the operating room must be sterilized before it can be used again. Hospitals spend several million dollars a year on this sterilization process, instrument tray assembly, and instrument repurchase costs. However, 70%–80% of instruments that enter the operating room are not used at a large majority of hospitals resulting in wastage of millions of dollars. For a medium-sized hospital, approximately $4–$7 million are spent on the sterilization process. Across more than 5,000 hospitals in the United States, several billion dollars per year are wasted on unnecessary sterilization. Researchers at UNC Kenan-Flagler Business School, with partners from healthcare technology firm Operative Flow Technologies, have developed an algorithm that uses detailed data of instruments used to create optimized instrument tray configuration. The algorithm creates trays informed by historical usage of instruments to reduce unused instruments in trays significantly. This algorithm scales for hundreds of trays, thousands of instruments, and thousands of surgeries and can be applied to major healthcare systems. At one implementation, the number of unused instruments was reduced by 54%. Their solution has subsequently been implemented at multiple healthcare systems leading to several million dollars of cost savings for the hospitals.


The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Current English (Allen 1990) states that to compartmentalize is to 'divide into components or categories'. In the context of the study of animal consciousness, compartmentalization may be considered to be an attempt to disregard certain beliefs in particular circumstances; to think about the same issue in different ways depending upon the context. For example, Fraser and Broom (1990) state that 'the assessment of [animal] welfare can be carried out in a scientific way without the involvement of moral considerations … the process of deciding about morality and the process of assessing welfare are quite separate'. Yet is this proposed 'switching on and off of beliefs in different contexts appropriate, let alone possible? Many animal scientists also use animals, and in doing so assume their animals are conscious. This assumption influences their interaction with them. It is not possible to ride a horse competently, for example, without assessing how it 'feels' about the signals one is transmitting; whether they are making the horse irritated, or whether it is calmly accepting them. Good riders, whether aware of it or not, are those who are sensitive to the horse's reactions to their movements. Recognized expressions of the horse's 'feelings' when ridden include rounding of the posture in the excited horse (Mills & Nankervis 1999) and shying in the frightened horse (Fraser 1992). In crediting animals with consciousness as an animal user, it is surely not logical to assume they are not conscious when behaving as a scientist. Thus compartmentalization may be an illogical attempt at parsimonious oversimplification, which is essentially contradictory to one's practical experience of animals, and therefore a hindrance in attempting to assess animal consciousness. Of course anthropomorphism must be avoided; it has limited value in the scientific study of animal behaviour and welfare. Furthermore, it could be considered demeaning to animals to assume that consciousness could only take the form that humans experience; that they are 'humans in animal suits'. Yet it is equally wrong to ignore the logical objections to compartmentalization.


On March 6, 2012, the University of Colorado Law School's Silicon Flatirons Center convened an invitation-only private Roundtable discussion with nationally prominent venture capitalists, private equity managers, deal attorneys, investment advisors, and professors to discuss private equity and venture capital (the "Roundtable"). Moderated by Brad Bernthal, an Associate Professor at Colorado Law School, the Roundtable considered key questions about the differences and similarities between private equity and venture capital, including (a) how the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act ("Dodd-Frank"), in particular section 203(l)-1, will impact private investment funds and capital deployment and to what extent it will constrain firms' operational flexibility; (b) whether PE and VC are "as different as night and day" (culturally or otherwise) or if they exist on a spectrum; and (c) what is next in terms of regulatory treatment implicating definitional challenges surrounding PE and VC.


A theoretical analysis of transport through charged membranes is presented using a cell model. In an attempt to improve the capillary tube model, we have modeled the membrane by an array of charged spheres. Three sets of partial differential equations describe this system: the generalized Nernst–Planck flux equations, the Navier–Stokes equation, and the Poisson–Boltzmann equation. These equations are averaged over a cell volume to yield a set of ordinary differential equations on the gross scale, that is, a length scale of the order of the membrane thickness. It is shown for hyperfiltration that the cell model will reject salt more efficiently than the tube model, and in the limit of Stokes' flow the present analysis reproduces the rejection coefficient previously obtained for the capillary tube model. Results for the electrodialysis mode of membrane operation are also presented. Comparison is made with the capillary tube model for the same total charge and equal volume to surface ratio. The effect of a s...


Dendrobium is one of the largest genera in the Orchidaceae family. Information on the genetic diversity and relationships among species and hybrids is important for breeding purposes and species conservation. The objectives of this study were to assess genetic relatedness and to determine whether morphological, molecular, or combined analysis can discriminate among Dendrobium species, commercial hybrids, and interspecific hybrids. A total of 81 Dendrobium accessions were characterized with 12 amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) primer pairs and 21 morphological characters. Mean genetic relatedness for morphological characters, AFLP analysis, and combined analysis were 0.61, 0.37, and 0.43, respectively. Dendrograms were generated using an unweighted pair group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA); the analysis was performed on a Jaccard similarity coefficient matrix. The data from morphological characters revealed that the Jaccard similarity coefficient ranged from 0.20 to 1.0, where the tested 81 Dendrobium accessions could be grouped into four clusters. For the AFLP analysis, the number of polymorphic fragments for each primer varied from 80 to 284 with 78% average percentage of polymorphic loci and the similarity coefficient ranging from 0.125 to 1.0 with Dendrobium accessions grouped into three clusters. The similarity coefficients estimated through a combined analysis of morphological and AFLP data ranged from 0.21 to 1.0 and the Dendrobium accessions appeared clustered into two groups. The results revealed some similarities among the three data sets. The combined data set was the most useful in discriminating Dendrobium accessions based on species sections and relationship among species and their hybrids. The correlation between the AFLP data and the combined data was highly significant (r = 0.98, P > 0.001), indicating the usefulness of AFLP data for species discrimination and hybrid identity in the absence of floral morphological characters. Orchids are commercially important in Malaysia. Export value is expected to increase further because of a wider product range, longer shelf life, and ability to export flowers year-round. The orchid family is probably one of the most important plant families from a horticultural point of view. Orchidaceae is one of the largest families among angiosperms. The family includes 800 genera and 25,000 species (Stewart and Griffiths, 1995). Orchids are distributed in all regions of the world except Antarctica and are found growing in many different habitats and elevation gradients (Pridgeon, 2000). They are well known for their economic importance and widely cultivated for ornamental purposes and cosmopolitan in distribution (Bechtel et al., 1992). The genus Dendrobium is the third largest in the family Orchidaceae, comprising 1184 species worldwide (Leitch et al., 2009). Dendrobium plants are among the most prevalent orchids for commercial production of cut flowers and potted plants (Chen and Tsi, 2000) and the most popular genus in horticultural industries. The genetic diversity of the Dendrobium genus is not well known (Wang et al., 2009). Orchid classification has been poorly understood because of the lack of fossil records, the large number of species, and a historical emphasis on characters related to floral morphology. Circumscription of genera, subtribes, tribes, and subfamilies and the relationships among them were unclear because of homoplasy in morphological and anatomical features (Chase, 2006). There has been no explicit morphological cladistic analysis of Orchidaceae (Freudenstein and Rasmussen, 1999). Phylogenetic research using DNA sequences is now unraveling the complex picture at every taxonomic level. Assessment of genetic variability is important for the use of genetic resources and for determining the uniqueness of genotypes to exploit heterosis (Franco et al., 2001). Genetic diversity can be inferred from genetic similarity or distance estimates determined using phenotypic variation and/or molecular markers. Molecular markers are not subject to environmental influence, and because of that, they are considered superior to morphological markers (Máric et al., 2004). Several types of molecular markers are available and have been used in assessment of orchid genetic diversity; ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region-based analysis was used to ascertain the phylogenetic relationship among 20 Dendrobium species (Chiang et al., 2012), whereas a phylogenetic tree from ribosomal-ITS2 sequences was constructed for 18 species of the genus Dendrobium (Chaudhary et al., 2012; Wang et al., 2009) used the intersimple sequence repeat technique to evaluate genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship among 31 Dendrobium species and Shengnan et al. (2011) determined the genetic diversity among 31 species of Dendrobium species using random amplified polymorphic DNA markers. AFLP markers are dominant markers. The AFLP technique can generate hundreds of highly replicable markers, allowing for high-resolution genotyping (Mueller and Wolfenbarger, 1999). Approximately 90% of the AFLP polymorphisms reflect point mutations and most AFLP fragments are independent loci (Buntjer et al., 2002). The loss of a restriction site removes the fragment from the profile rather than changing its size (Albertson et al., 1999), which means there is no need for prior DNA sequence information. When compared with other DNA-based markers (Vos et al., 1995), many markers can be analyzed in a short time, and only a small amount of DNA is needed. AFLP markers are highly reproducible and reliable (Bagley et al., 2001; Jones et al., 1997), high-throughput, cost-effective, and have wide genome coverage (Hansen et al., 1999; Prashanth et al., 2002). AFLP has proven to be an extremely effective tool for distinguishing closely related genotypes (Xiang et al., 2003). AFLP markers have been used in the assessment of genetic relationships in many plant species such as rice (Zhu et al., 1998), Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) (Breyne et al., 1999), bluegrass (Renganayaki et al., 2001), Carica papaya (Kim et al., 2002), Hibiscus tiliaceus (Tang et al., 2003), and potato (Esfahani et al., 2009). Received for publication 9 Sept. 2013. Accepted for publication 2 Mar. 2014. To whom reprint requests should be addressed; e-mail firstname.lastname@example.com. 524 HORTSCIENCE VOL. 49(5) MAY 2014 Molecular and morphological data matrices are very informative tools for the estimation of genetic distances (Vieira et al., 2007). Few orchid studies have analyzed at the same time both molecular data and morphological characters for the same set of taxa, but these have demonstrated that both types of characters are complementary and the structural characters often mark clades recovered in the combined analyses (Albert, 1994; Figueroa et al., 2008). Different studies found that the distribution of morphological character states provides additional support to the groupings recovered in molecular phylogenetic trees (Figueroa et al., 2008; Salazar, 2009; Salazar et al., 2009). The objectives of this study were to 1) determine genetic relatedness among Dendrobium accessions from different species and hybrids; and 2) determine whether morphological, molecular, or combined analysis can discriminate Dendrobium species, Dendrobium commercial hybrids, and Dendrobium interspecific hybrids. Materials and Methods Plant materials. Eighty-one Dendrobium accessions were used in this study from 13 Dendrobium species, eight commercial hybrids, and 17 interspecific hybrids. All plant materials were 2 years old. Dendrobium species were propagated by seeds or cuttings, whereas the commercial hybrids and interspecific hybrids were vegetatively propagated. Leaf samples of accessions were collected from the Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute orchid greenhouse. A list of the Dendrobium accessions, their corresponding accession numbers, and classification is provided in Table 1. The geographical origin of the Dendrobium species in Malaysia is given in Nor Hazlina et al. (2013). Morphological data analysis. All plants were assessed for 21 morphological traits, all of which were referred by Sheehan and Sheehan (1994): plant height, root type, leaf type, leaf height, leaf width, pseudobulb habit, pseudobulb character, pseudobulb structure of cross-section, pseudobulb inter node, flower arrangement, flower structure, sepal structure, petal structure, flower color arrangement, hairy flowers, sepal color, sepal with more than one color, petal color, petal with more than one color, labellum color (upper side), and labellum color (inner side). All measurements were made using a digital caliper and flower color was standardized using the Royal Horticultural Society Color Chart. Average values were applied for each quantitative character. All morphological data were standardized using the Transform option in Past Version 1.92 (Hammer et al., 2001) to reduce the influence of different scales. Morphological character data were used to estimate similarity coefficients, according to Jaccard (1908) and to construct dendrograms using the UPGMA in PAST Version 1.92 software (Hammer et al., 2001). Amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis. Genomic DNA was extracted from Table 1. List of Dendrobium accessions, their corresponding accession numbers, and classification. Accessions No. Species or cultivar Section Aloi1 Dendrobium aloifolium Rchb.f. Aporum Aloi2 Dendrobium aloifolium Rchb.f. Aporum Aloi3 Dendrobium aloifolium Rchb.f. Aporum Aloi4 Dendrobium aloifolium Rchb.f. Aporum Grand1 Dendrobium grande Hook.f. Aporum Grand2 Dendrobium grande Hook.f. Aporum Grand3 Dendrobium grande Hook.f. Aporum Croc1 Dendrobium crocatum Hook.f. Pedilonum Croc2 Dendrobium crocatum Hook.f. Pedilonum Croc3 Dendrobium crocatum Hook.f. Pedilonum Croc4 Dendrobium crocatum Hook.f. Pedilonum Lamel1 Dendrobium lamellatum Lindl Pedilonum Lamel2 Dendrobiu


Based on the preliminary recognition of the characteristics and the development of present food industry,we had put for-ward the following points:high-tech techniques including biological techniques etc.to advance the development of food industry,eco-logical engineering techniques combined with the advanced theories of modern management science organically,and the trial establish-ment of food industry ecological gardens which was an important approach to sustainable development of food industry.(Tran.by YUE Yang)


The paper introduces the characteristics of modified asphalt,and sums up the quality control measures from the mix proportion design for SBS modified asphalt and the construction of SBS modified asphalt mixture,so as to improve the construction craft of SBS modified asphalt pavement,and to improve the quality of the road projects.


The present study investigated the effect of green fluorescent protein on the development of canine intergeneric clone embryo with bovine oocyte recipient. Cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) were collected from slaughterhouse and matured in TCM-199 supplemented with 10% (v/v) fetal bovine serum (FBS) (Life Technologies), 0.005 U/m1 bovine FSH (Antrin®, Denka Kanagawa, Japan) and 1 pg/m1 estradiol (Sigma-Aldrich) at 39 °C in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2 in air and donor cell tranfected with enhanced green fluorescent protein. In this experiment GFP have no negative effect in fusion or embryo development but the expression rate were decreased in 2 cell stage and then the expression gradually decreased with progression of embryo development.


This paper mainly through the wuling car cooling system design and the car match test case,analyses the cooling system matching design needs to pay attention matters and design,calculation principle,and to the entire development design process are a comb,and summarizes the vehicle in the process of developing the some design principles.


This paper presents the analysis on geological characteristics of Tazhong Uplift, such as the configuration and nature of the fault structures, and the aeromagnetic anomaly, etc. The study result shows that Tazhong Uplift presents several large-scale fault belts that mainly extend in three directions: NW, approximate (approx.) EW and NNE. The NW fault belts lie in the north and northwest of the research area; the approx. EW fault belts rest in the south and southeast of the research area, whereas the NNE fault belts are mainly strike-slip faults and cut the NW fault belts into several structural segments. It is concluded that the late Caledonian and the late Hercynian period were the two major forming periods of Tazhong Uplift. In the late Caledonian period, the NW thrust faults developed in Tazhong Uplift under the tectonic compression stress from the southwest Foreland Basin. In the late Hercynian period, the subduction of Altyn Orogenic Belt influenced the central Tarim and generated the approx. EW thrust faults in the central and southern Tazhong Uplift. This subduction also forced the early-formed fault belts into an arc-shape in the central Tazhong Uplift and caused NNE strike-slip faults in the northern Tazhong Uplift. Laterally the tectonic stress decreased from the south to the north. From regional perspective, the fault belts diverge to the west and converge to the east.


Substantial effort is underway to provide a more scientific approach for understanding and assessing the capabilities of current and emerging patterned wafer inspection tools. These elaborate and highly sensitive tools require time-consuming and complex analytical methods to accurately estimate the number of significant defects per specified area while minimizing detection of false and nuisance defects. Determining an inspection tool's capabilities-including accurately estimating capture rates, false count rates, and nuisance rates-requires the employment of relevant bench marking wafers containing well known and characterized defects in product-like patterns. Using intentionally created defects with an established size, location, and process layer allows for assessing a given inspection technology and evaluating how well the software executes the underlying detection physics through validation of its output against a known. International SEMATECH has created a set of reticles that contain intentional defects arrays within product-like patterns and layers. Each IDA die contains separate areas of metal line widths of 0.18 micrometers , 0.25 micrometers and 0.35 micrometers incorporating defect sizes at 25 percent, 50 percent and 100 percent of the feature size. Advanced lithographic capabilities were used to print the array die on 200 mm wafers using short-loop recipes for simulating gate and dual damascene copper process flows. This paper describes the methodology for the IDA wafer creation and the application of the wafers in tool bench marking, took setup, tool monitoring and tool matching.


The method comprises: for the image to be recognized, using the language vocabulary logic to estimate the visual language particularity and to make comparison in order to rapidly reduce the object numbers participating the comparison and filter out at least one object; using the graphic particularity of the image to be recognized to make similarity comparison with at least one graphic sample so asto filter out at least one graphical sample so as to recognize said image.


The commercially available and widely used flatbed electrophoresis apparatus PhastSystem and MultiPhor II (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech, Uppsala, Sweden) were checked for the possible release of significant amounts of platinum from the electrodes during isoelectric focusing (IEF) and native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). Capillary electrophoresis (CE; Biofocus 3000; Bio‐Rad, Munich, Germany) in zone electrophoresis (CZE) mode was investigated for the same purpose. Platinum analysis was done by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (quadrupole and magnetic sector field) either "off‐line" for all flatbed gels or "on‐line" for the CE measurements. The buffers and process chemicals did not significantly leach platinum from the electrodes. During flatbed electrophoresis, application of the electrical field, however, released high platinum amounts exceeding by far the amount of platinum originally present in the sample. For CE, no platinum was released from the electrodes. The results are strongly dependent on the system and conditions used. The results presented in this paper underline the necessity to replace the platinum electrodes with ultrapure gold electrodes whenever investigating platinum species. Previous literature data, in which electrophoresis was used for platinum speciation without mentioning the platinum recoveries, becomes questionable.


Malaysian tree-crop agriculture is one of a number of exceptions to the generali sation that smal farms produce more per acre than large ones-̂. Yield per acre p is consistently lower on rubber smalholdings than on estates . The agricultural sector of a long and densely setled part of Malaysia, South West Perak3, was studied in 1975. Sector output was found to have changed in recent years as in Table 1.


A study has been made of the dry-jet-wet spinning of PAN copolymer fibers using 60% aqueous zinc chloride solution as solvent and 25∼40% aqueous zinc chloride solution as non-solvent. The technological characteristics of this method were that small streams of dope were extruded from the die and allowed to pass through a short distance of air gap(about 10mm) before entering the spinning bath for full coagulation. This work showed the importances which coagulation condition, stretch ratio and fiber tenacity up to 10.5 g/d could be obtained with elongation of 11∼16%. Individual fibers were evaluated on the basis of density and mechanical properties such as tenacity and elongation etc.


Zhen Zhao (  firstname.lastname@example.com ) The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University Yan Xing Shijiazhuang No.1 Hospital Fei Yang The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University Zhijun Zhao The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University Yupeng Shen The 980th Hospital Joint Logistic Support Force of PLA Junjian Song The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shanghua Jing (  firstname.lastname@example.com ) The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University


The incidence of people who have suffered sexual abuse during childhood or adolescence is high. These people, for long, at times, have had to live with her perpetrador, sometimes pshysically and sometimes in his mind. Come as your life gradually break down, suffer all kinds of physical ailments, sexual difficulties and psychological problems. When the child sexual abuse occurs at an early age and has been extended over time, relations with developing disorders specifically Anxiety and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder is more than significant. The objective of this theoretical review is to provide greater understanding of the relationship between childhood sexual abuse and the development of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, knowing their etiology, epidemiology, development, evolution and treatment.


Currently, the geospatial discourse is rapidly changing. This is caused by the search for identity, people's attempts to understand themselves and the space where they live in a new global and universal context. Geopoetics as a semantic field between poetry, philosophy and science, a method of space poetization, an attempt to create a particular language associated with the admiration of landscape, takes a special place among the areas of non-traditional geography, appearing in the conditions of a "spatial turn" in social sciences and humanities. The article considers some geopoetical projects in which the author participated, and concludes that they represent an important trend in the formation of a new geospatial discourse. All of them are not based on meta-narratives, imply the admiration of landscape and empathy for it; they often gravitate toward the performance, happening and street-art.


Objective:To study the expression and the significance of CD44v6 and C-erbB-2 in lung carcinomas.Methods:S-P immunohistochemical method was used to study the expression of CD44v6 and C-erbB-2 in 116 cases of lung carcinomas.Results:There was no positive expression of both CD44v6 and C-erbB-2 in all the 11 SCLC cases.In NSCIC,CD44v6 positive expression was showed in 46 squamous cell carcinomas (66.7%) and in 13 adenocacinomas (36.1%)(P0.01).C-erbB-2 positive expression was seen in 33 squmous cell carcinomas (47.8%)and 24 adenocaconomas (67.7%) (P0.05).The positive expression of both CD44v6 and C-erbB-2 showed to be a significant marker for NSCLC.No CD44v6 and C-erbB-2 positive expressions were seen in normal lung tissue near the tumor.CC44V6 positive expression was correlated with tumor T stages,lymphatic metastasis,clinical stages and survival rates in NSCLC(P0.05)and not correlated with pathologic grades(P0.05).C-erbB-2 positive expression was associated with lymphatic metastasis,clinical stages and suivival rates(P0.05).C-erbB-2 positive expression was not associated with pathologic grades and tumor T stages in NSCLC(P0.05).There was no statistically significant correlation between CD44v6 and C-erbB-2 expression in NSCLC(P0.05).Conclusions:The results suggested that both CD44v6 and C-erbB-2 are not only considered to distinguish SCLC from NSCLC but also considered as the indicators for evaluating the prognosis of NSCLC because lung carcinomas with positive expression of CD44v6 and C-erbB-2 are likely to develop lymphatic metastasis and result in poor prognosis.


treated patients with peg-interferon and ribavirin who relapsed aft er therapy or were treatment naive. Methods: Th is study is a retrospective analysis of our experience. All patients with genotype 1a/b visiting the Hepatology offi ce since June 2011 to April 2012 that were approved to undergo triple therapy were selected for review. All patients who received at least a single dose of telaprevir were selected for analysis. Results: Over the study period, 79 patients were started on telaprevir based triple therapy. Of these 40 (50.6%) patients were treatment naïve and 19 (24%) were relapsers to prior treatment. 20 patients were treatment experienced and were excluded from the current analysis. 16 (27.1%) of these patients had histological or clinical evidence of advanced fi brosis (≥ stage 3) or cirrhosis. 64.4% were males, and 15.3% African American. 62.9% of patients had an IL28B genotype of TC or TT. 70% of the patients were virus negative by week 4. Of the 79 patients, 26 that have completed 8 weeks, 38 that have completed 12 weeks and 14 patients that have completed 24 weeks of treatment, 96.2%, 92.2% and 92.8% have achieved undetected HCV RNA levels, respectively. All patients in both groups achieved HCV RNA levels ≤ 1000 IU/ml by the 12th week. Conclusion: Triple therapy was generally well tolerated. Rash was seen to occur in the majority of patients, requiring topical steroid therapy. Triple therapy with telaprevir/PEG-IFN-RBV were seen to be equally eff ective for treatment naïve and relapse patients. Our outcomes with telaprevir presents a "realworld" experience and validates the results of the recent trials that approved the drug for the treatment of HCV genotype 1a/b infected patients. Disclosure: Dr. Bruce Bacon a. Merck Consultant; research support; interferon, ribavirin speakers bureau; PEG-interferon, boceprevir, b. Roche/Genentech Laboratories Research support interferon, ribavirin PEG-interferon, c. Gilead Sciences Research support, speaker, Tenofovir, HCV hepatitis advisory board, DSMB agents, d. Bristol-Myers SquibbResearch support Entecavir, HCV agents, e. Kadmon Pharmaceuticals Research support, speaker, fergen, ribavirin, Riba hepatitis advisory board Pak, f. Vertex Research support, advisory board Telaprevir DSMB member, speaker g. ISIS DSMB member, j. Abbot Research support.


This paper introduces the present situation of the network of multi-campus library,analyzes the security problem in the network of multi-campus libraries,and expounds the establishment of network security precaution system of multi-campus libraries


A Saanen goat registered as female was found to have a pair of abdominal testes, a well developed uterus and a prominent clitoris. The chromosome features of peripheral leukocytes and the nuclear sex


Background: Patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) often have disturbed autoregulation of cerebral blood flow. A reduction in systemic blood pressure during surgery may therefore lead to delayed cerebral ischaemia (DCI). To assess the incidence and severity of intra‐operative hypotension, we performed a retrospective cohort study in 164 patients with recent SAH and surgical clipping of the aneurysm.


Itamar Even-Zolar and Gideon Toury are the two representatives of the Tel Aviv Translation Studies. Their theories are related tightly with many translation schools. Although some attempts have been tried to classify them, it is difficult to give them clear and correct theoretical orientation. The classification of their translation studies into the Tel Aviv School according to their geographical location is far more reasonable.


The subject of this chapter is to describe selected topics on contour extraction, approximation and compression in spatial domain. Contours are treated as important image structure required in many applications, for example in analysis of medical image, computer vision, robot guidance, pattern recognition etc. Contour compression plays important role in many practical tasks associated with contour and image processing. The main approach solving the problem of contour compression is based on polygonal approximation. In this chapter the traditional and new methods for contour approximation in spatial domain are presented. These methods are often much faster than the methods of compression based on transform coding. In order to extract the contours from the image some algorithms have been developed. The selected well known methods for contour extraction and edge detection as well as the new algorithms are also presented in this chapter. The author is grateful to his Ph.D. students A. Ukasha and B. Fituri for their contribution in preparation of this chapter.


Three percent to 8% of the U.S. population is tattooed, and body piercing of areas other than the earlobes is increasingly accepted. In this study,


A full differential strip readout multi-gap RPC was developed to meet high counting rate and high multiplicity requirements of a high collision rate experiments as Compressed Baryonic Matter at the future FAIR facility. The Multi-Gap, Multi-Strip Resistive Plate Chamber (MGMSRPC) is a completely symmetric two stack structure with time resolution around 50 ps and a detection efficiency better than 95%. A very good efficiency and time resolution at counting rates exceeding the CBM-TOF requirements is obtained using low resistivity (~ 1010 Ωcm) glass electrodes.


This article reports on a research project that describes the experience of English language trainees with using teaching portfolios to report and present their learning/teaching experiences during the Practical Training Course (PTC). It aims to illustrate the process of the development of teaching portfolios as a reflective tool for the trainee's learning/teaching aiming to replace the current training reports used at the Teachers' Training School of Constantine (TTSC). A procedural study of how the trainees presented the materials and reflected upon them was carried out over a four-month period, as well as their perceptions about the portfolios. Findings from content analysis, reflections and the questionnaire reveal that the teaching portfolio would be a good alternative to report trainees' learning/teaching experiences and a productive tool to promote reflection and career development.


European governments have been concentrating on reducing deaths and serious injuries rather than accidents alone on its roads, requiring the need for road and vehicle engineers and designers to rethink their approach to safety. The European Road Assessment Programme (EuroRAP) was piloted in 2003 to show that each stretch of Europe's roads can be rated for safety. It used two new standard test protocols developed with the Swedish National Road Administration and the UK's Transport Research Laboratory. The first protocol introduced a standard road inspection for safety features. The second measures and maps the rate at which people were being seriously injured or killed. EuroRAP measures risks experienced over long sections of road in a way that its predecessor EuroNCAP (European New Car Assessment Programme) could not. EuroRAP is encouraging designers to plan safer roads by forming partnerships with, for example, car manufacturers, since both needs to be involved to assess their roles in meeting safety requirements.


Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) encapsulating fullerenes, the so-called "nanopeapods (NPDs)", are expected as building blocks in future nanoelectronics because the mechanical and electronic properties of SWCNTs frequently undergo considerable modification with the encapsulation of molecules at a nanometer scale. The separation of semiconducting species from metallic counterparts is the next step in the application of NPDs in electronics and photonics. Here, semiconducting NPDs are successfully extracted in toluene using a fluorene-based polymer, poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-alt-benzothiadiazole) (F8BT). Although F8BT shows a high extraction selectivity for (15, 4) SWCNTs, such a high selectivity disappears in the obtained photoluminescence excitation (PLE) map of NPDs. The change in electronic energy level by the encapsulation of C60 may induce the loss of the selectivity.


In this paper I intend to offer a general assessment of major alternatives in fisheries management. My analysis will be confined to fisheries management systems that are pertinent to industrially advanced countries, where the need for such systems is apparent and where the financial, administrative and scientific capacity to operate them is evident. I will start my presentation with a brief discourse on the broad perspective with which I think we should approach the subject of fisheries management in this forum.


The editors of Kantian Review thought it appropriate to offer some account of the journal's policy aims in its initial issues. The journal was from the first intended to provide a forum for discussion of Kant's philosophy with an emphasis on its current significance. The aim was not to exclude interpretative, scholarly or historical accounts of Kant's thought, for these provide the only sound basis for any current interest in it, but rather to focus and extend that current interest. It was, however, agreed that it would be more informative to offer brief, illustrative, reviews of Kant's relevance to current epistemology, moral philosophy and political thought rather than merely to repeat that bland general view. Accordingly this first essay reviews some aspects of Kant's epistemology, while later issues will contain similar accounts of his moral philosophy and political thought.


This paper aims to analyse four National ICT competency frameworks which have been implemented within their respective countries. Two dimensions related to competency levels and implementation coverage are discussed and compared. The new Thailand ICT master plan 2009 – 2013 was announced on August 2009. This master plan required the strategy in human resource development; however, it did not clearly define how to establish a national IT skills framework. The results of discussions and comparisons from four competency frameworks from other countries may help to identify and to possibly assist the introduction of an appropriate IT competency framework along into the Thailand ICT master 2010 in a timely manner.


In maple syrup urine disease (MSUD), leucine (Leu) accumulation, and its metabolites cause brain toxicity, and at diagnosis rapid plasma Leu reduction is essential. Valine (Val) and isoleucine (Iso) supplements are necessary to promote anabolism and enable prompt reduction of plasma Leu. Val/Iso supplements are unavailable in Iran, so an alternative source was necessary. An emergency protocol was developed using an unconventional source of Val and Iso to prompt reduction of high plasma Leu levels during an acute metabolic crisis to prevent brain encephalopathy and neurological sequelae. Five children with classical MSUD were referred aged 1–25 months, with a prolonged high plasma Leu of more than 1500 μmol/L and acute symptoms (irritability, poor feeding, and hypotonia). Initially, breast milk/regular infant formula was stopped. Val and Iso were given in calculated amounts from a Leu‐free formula containing Iso/Val (Xleu Maxamaid, Nutricia Ltd.) to promote anabolism. It was prescribed for a controlled and limited time with a branched chain amino acid (BCAA) free formula. Frequent amino acid monitoring was conducted. Natural protein was re‐added after normalizing plasma Leu. Plasma Leu declined by a median (range) of 1677 (1501–1852) μmol/L within 3–4 days of intervention. The median follow‐up time was 24 months (range: 14–32) and patients showed improvement in motor and cognitive skills after normalizing plasma Leu (75–200 μmol/L). Most had improvement in their head circumference (n = 4). Due to the unavailability of individual Val/Iso supplements, a Leu‐free formula rapidly lowered plasma Leu concentrations during acute crisis, to prevent cerebral edema and brain damage in MSUD.


Advanced Metropolitan Transport Management requires the development and deployment of several elements in a coordinated manner including traffic management, traveler information, congestion charging, transit management, and parking management systems, as well as mobility management and provision of pedestrian and bicycle facilities. The objective is to deploy these in a structured and complementary manner so that maximum benefit, effectiveness, and fairness can be achieved to improve conditions for the entire transportation system. Additionally focus needs to be placed on key sub-elements/activities including planning, policy/legal issues, data collection, communications infrastructure, back-office operations, maintenance, publicoutreach and awareness, benefits reporting, and data management. For the covering abstract see E134653.


Compact polymers such as proteins obtain their unique conformation by appropriate nonbonded interactions among their monomer residues. Innumerable nonnative compact conformations are also possible, and it is essential to distinguish the native from the nonnative conformations. Toward this goal we have used graph-theoretic methods to classify polymer structures formed by noncovalent interactions. All compact structures on a $4 \times 4$ two dimensional lattice and a few conformations on $3 \times 3 \times 3$ cubic lattice have been investigated. The 69 compact conformations in $4 \times 4$ two dimensional lattice are classified into 12 groups based on the highest eigenvalue and eigenvector. The complex graphs obtained for polymers in a $3 \times 3 \times 3$ lattice space are analyzed. Their eigenvalues and eigenvector components are correlated with the branching structure and the center of the graph. The method has application in classifying real polymers such as proteins into their substructures, cluster, and domains.


This research aimed to determine the misuse of subordinate phrase on the Chinese language learners. The samples of this study were texts written by fifteen 3rd grade students of Chinese Literature, Faculty of Humanities, University of Indonesia. This research applied qualitative approach with the method of error analysis. Result shows that five types of errors are found out; they are addition, omission, misordering, misselection, and blends. Omission is the most frequent error that comes up. Lack of understanding about subordinate phrase of the Chinese language is the most common reason of the error. To decrease the errors, students must improve their knowledge and competence about subordinate phrase of the Chinese language. They must increase the exercises and applications of the phrase as well.


We demonstrate a dual-comb 80-MHz optical parametric oscillator from a single-cavity and a diode-pumped 250-MHz Yb:YAG dual-comb oscillator. Their combination can lead to a low-noise source in the mid-IR with high-power per comb line.


The objective of this project was to assist New Jersey Motor Vehicle Commission in determining the feasibility of a removable visual marker for Graduated Drivers License (GDL) drivers. The NJ Teen Driver Safety Study Commission issued a report to the Governor and Legislature in March of 2008 in response to concerns over the growing level of fatalities and teen driver injuries in New Jersey. One of the recommendations from the Commission's report identifies the need to mark vehicles operated by mostly teen Graduated Driver License (GDL) drivers to aid in enforcement of the GDL law. Six technologies were identified to meet the requirement for a removable tag on the vehicle license plate. After review of documents and discussion with vendors two technologies were field tested, a hook-and-loop, or Velcro, fastener, and a magnetic fastener. Both had two pieces, a base which attached to the license plate with adhesive and a top piece with a reflective sticker. Based on the field test and further review of product specifications, the hook-and-loop fastener is recommended as the preferred technology for this application. A retroreflective sticker was tested as well. Both the durability and the visibility of the stickers tested were not satisfactory. A draft specification was prepared to help address these deficiencies when the stickers are put out to bid. A focus group was held to discuss enforcement strategies and it was agreed that no identification was required on the sticker, only a solid color. It is proposed that the successful vendor conduct a field test of the attachment devices and the stickers, prior to full deployment, using approximately 500-1000 devices.


Dr. EDGAR FAHS SMITH, Fourth President of the History of Science Society, died of pneunomia on May 3, 1928, shortly after 8:oo o'clock in the evening, in the University of Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia, after an illness of only a few days. His passing removes not only an eminent chemist, a distinguished educator and a public spirited citizen, but a most enthusiastic worker in the cause of history of science. Dr. Smith had attended, only two weeks before his death, the meeting of the American Chemical Society at St. Louis, where in the best of spirits he renewed associations with his many friends and gave an address before the Historical Division upon (( Some Experiences as a Teacher of the History of Chemistry)). Shortly after his return to Philadelphia a cold which he had contracted began to show alarming symptoms. His illness developed into pneumonia, from which he had suffered a serious attack two years before, and, notwithstanding all the aid which wifely devotion and medical skill could offer, his system was unable to withstand a second onset of this disease. The funeral services were held on Monday forenoon, May 7, at Holy Trinity Church, Philadelphia, and among the large number in attendance were representatives of the History of Science Society, the American Chemical Society, the American Philosophical Society, and the various other organizations of which the deceased chemist was a member. It is fitting that some reference should be made at this time in the columns of Isis to the life and work of Dr. SMITH and to the leading part which he played in the history of science movement in America. EDGAR FAHS SMITH was born on May 23, I854, in York, Pennsylvania, where his ancestors of English and German stock had settled several generations before. The greater part of his life work as student, teacher and investigator was spent in Pennsylvania within one hundred miles of his birthplace and the intense attachment which he bore to the traditions of this historic region


In this paper, we discuss the presence of symmetries in images engraved on ancient seals, in particular on stamp seals. Mainly used to secure the containers from tampering and for owner's identification, these objects appeared during the 5th millennium BC in Mesopotamia. Usually the seals were engraved with simple images, suitable to communicate an immediate information. Rotational symmetries are already displayed by the most ancient stamp seals, whose images reach a quasi-perfect symmetry in their small circular or ovoid spaces. Bilateral symmetries are quite common in Egyptian scarab seals.


Hemolymph acid-base and ion levels and acidic equivalent exchange with the experimental water were monitored in rock crabs (Cancer irroratus Say) exposed to control normoxia (PIo2 ≃ 150 torr), 48 h of hyperoxia (Po2 ≃ 512 torr), and 24 h of subsequent normoxic recovery. Hemolymph CO₂ binding was assessed in vitro on oxygenated and deoxygenated samples. Settled normoxic crabs had the following acid-base status: pH—8.01; Pco2—2.1 torr, and [HCO₃⁻]-9.3 meq·liter⁻¹ and appeared to be in proton balance with the experimental water. Within 6 h of exposure to hyperoxia, the hemolymph exhibited a significant acidosis (0.15 pH units) that was due to respiratory CO2 (Pco2 increased by 50%). This acid-base imbalance was restored between 6 and 24 h by a 50% increase in [HCO₃⁻]. This coincided with a 13-fold increase in excretion of acidic equivalents (primarily titratable) into the experimental water that continued for up to 10 h. Numerically, there was excellent correspondence between acid efflux and the magnitude of the extracellular proton load. Although crabs continued to hypoventilate, preexperimental Pco2 was reestablished by 24 h, suggesting that the original hypercapnia had been due to a perfusion limitation. Between 24 and 48 h, circulating [HCO₃⁻] was also restored to resting levels accompanied by an equivalent net base excretion into the bathing medium. When normoxia was reinstated, hemolymph exhibited a reduction in Pco2 plus a further reduction in [HCO₃⁻] at constant Pco2, making pH alkalotic. The base efflux that persisted into the recovery period significantly exceeded that required to restore extracellular acid-base balance. It is suggested that this base load originated intracellularly and that the reduced cardiac output during hyperoxia limited its removal into the hemolymph. Circulating lactate exhibited a similar washout effect during recovery. Hemolymph of C. irroratus had a low nonbicarbonate buffer value (β) corresponding to reduced protein concentration. However, the Haldane effect, which theoretically could account for the release of 2.13 mmol CO2 per mmol O2 bound, was larger than observed in other decapods.


Mobile devices, such as smartphones and tablets, use notifications to inform their users of events. Some security- and privacy-related events are time-sensitive: the user must be notified immediately. In this paper, we perform a user study with 40 participants to understand the properties of such time-sensitive notifications. We specifically focus on sensor notifications that notify the users when one of the sensitive sensors, such as camera, microphone, or location is being accessed. We show that none of the notification channels available on mobile devices, i.e., LED, vibration, sound, and display, can grab the user's attention in more than 24% of the time. Among them, vibration achieves the best success rates on average. Moreover, our results show that less intrusive channels, e.g., display, can achieve significantly better results if the device's physical context, i.e., ambient light intensity, is considered. Based on our findings, we suggest that display notification is the best option for camera while different vibration patterns are best options for microphone and location sensor.


The system whose Hamiltonian is a linear combination of the generators of $\mathrm{SU}(1,1)$ group with time-dependent coefficients is studied. It is shown that there is a unitary relation between the system and a system whose Hamiltonian is simply proportional to the generator of the compact subgroup of $\mathrm{SU}(1,1).$ The unitary relation is described by the classical solutions of a time-dependent (harmonic) oscillator. Making use of the relation, the wave functions satisfying the Schr\"odinger equation are given, for a general unitary representation, in terms of the matrix elements of a finite group transformation (Bargmann function). The wave functions of the harmonic oscillator with an inverse-square potential is studied in detail, and it is shown that through an integral, the model provides a way of deriving the Bargmann function for the representation of positive discrete series of $\mathrm{SU}(1,1).$


Variously colored gem-quality topazes from Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil, were studied by optical absorption spectroscopy and photoluminescence methods. In the near infrared range ( 750–2500 nm) the absorption spectra display an identical pattern of narrow intense absorption lines caused by overtones and combination vibrations of OH groups, which do not relate to the coloration of the topazes studied. Their colors were found to be caused by combination of three sets of absorption features, (1), (2), and (3) in the visible and near-UV range, which are due to different color center. (1) denotes a pair of broad split bands with maxima 18 000 and 25 000 cm caused by electronic spinallowed dd transitions of Cr ions. They cause a light rose to deep violet color and characteristic pleochroism of Cr-containing topazes. Photoluminescence evidences of at least three different types of Cr complexes which, most probably, differ by ligand surroundings, O4F2, O4F(OH) and O4(OH) (2) Corresponds to the intense weakly polarized UV absorption edge. Two different parts, the thermally stable one, caused by ligand-to-metal charge transfer, and the thermally unstable one, caused by some defect center(s), contribute to the edge. (3) denotes a system of two broad unstructured bands with maxima around 19 000 cm (X>Y » Z) and 24 000 cm (Y » Z X). They cause the unique orange color and characteristic pleochroism of Brazilian Imperial topazes. Combinations of (1) and (3) absorption features cause various yellow-rose colors of the samples. Investigations of natural irradiated and thermally treated topazes show that the color centers (1) and (3) transform to each other at annealing and Xor gamma irradiation. The color of natural orange-red Imperial topazes is assumed to be caused by Cr, stabilized by other impurity ions and/or defect irradiation EPR centers. At T 1⁄4 300 C Cr reduces to Cr, the color of Imperial topazes changes to pale rose, caused by spin-allowed bands of Cr. In artificially irradiated crystals the (3)-center, Cr, may be induced according to the reaction 2Crfi Cr + Cr, which involves chromium pairs in adjacent Al sites of the structure. Such artificially induced color is unstable at room temperature and in daylight. The process of the decay of (3)-centers may be described as a recombination Cr+Crfi 2Cr that results in vanishing of the (3)-bands accompanied by the appearance or increase in Cr dd bands, the original orange color turning to a pale rose.


BCM ensures that highly unlikely, potentially catastrophic events are identifi ed and response plans developed to minimise interruption and impact.


The project aims to bring to the smartphones a better reading experience by adapting the already functioning and successful platform that currently only supports iPad devices. The platform will receive improvements and new functionalities


Sir, We read with interest the article by Penketh et al.1 Ten of 71 (14%) women, who were supposed to have 24-hour day case hysterectomy, were either admitted or readmitted, which is a very high percentage given the fact that this is a well-selected population. The overall incidence of unanticipated admission after ambulatory surgery ranged in various reports between 1.4 and 7.8%.2,3 The authors did not mention the percentage of women who had problems and contacted the provided helpline for advice, or those women who had morbidities and consulted their GPs or even had home visits. Furthermore, including seven cases of laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH) would have biased the data since it was well reported that LAVH was associated with lower incidence of vault haematoma with its subsequent morbidity and demand for medical care.4,5 This is because the surgeon has the advantage of having a second look at the end of the operation and securing any bleeding points. The total number of women who underwent vaginal hysterectomy during the 5 years period of this study was not mentioned, and we expect that women included in this series to represent a small proportion in a busy teaching hospital and a tertiary referral centre. The question is whether it is worth implementing a setting that only suits a small sector, taking into consideration that inconsistency of delivering the care is confusing to the nursing and medical staff alike.


There has been a veritable explosion of interest and participation in the martial arts globally. Commercial entrepreneurism, media promotion, the health and fitness resurgence, and international diplomacy and goodwill have attracted at least 75 million participants worldwide (8 million in the United States alone). Reasons for participation include self-defense, health and recreation, self-confidence, conditioning and fitness, self-discipline, social and environmental support, sports competition, and psychological, philosophical, and religious transformation. In many locations the annual growth rate is expected to be 20% to 25%. Revenues probably exceed 250 million dollars annually on an international basis. Derived from the Far East, the martial arts have traditionally represented a large number of various fighting techniques, both offensive and defensive.f" Historically, the techniques were originally developed in India and then transmitted to mainland China by Bodhidharma, the legendary patriarch of the Shaolin school. During the T'ang and Sui Dynasties these skills spread to Korea and Okinawa and eventually to Japan, Indonesia, and the Philippines. Since World War II servicemen have carried the arts worldwide, so that virtually everyone has been exposed to some aspect of the martial arts.


ABSTRACT Seven microsatellite markers were used to investigate the population structure of the offshore ecotype of the European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) by comparing 12 marine samples collected off the Moroccan coast with an inshore sample taken as a reference for the lagoonal ecotype. F-statistics, correspondence analysis and Bayesian assignment all concurred to cluster the European anchovy in this region into three groups: (i) one reference lagoonal sample, (ii) samples north of the 25°N latitude and (iii) samples south of it. Moreover, the Bayesian cluster analysis pointed toward the existence of an admixture between the group north of 25°N and the lagoonal ecotype, while this was not detectable with the group south of 25°N. Differential introgression between the two ecotypes could be one of the plausible explanations for the observed genetic structure and reveals the possible existence of a phylogeographic break around the 25th parallel North. Our study illustrates the fact that, for those species that encompass several incompletely isolated ecotypes, the level of gene flow among them may vary in space and serve as a tool for stock identification. This information may be useful to improve fishery management of this important harvested species along the Moroccan coast.


Abstract The stimulating effect of some heavy metals, when added to cheese whey, on growth of the yeast Candida intermedia was investigated. With copper, manganese, zinc, iron, and molybdemum addition to whey, biomass productivity was increased enormously. The process was implemented by an Austrian dairy. In a 14-m 3 jet fermentor 30,000 liters of whey were processed daily. The mash leaving the fermentor was concentrated to 12% yeast dry matter by a vacuum evaporator, and after supplementation with other nutrients was fed directly to pigs. Based on European prices, the yeast product was about 20% cheaper than soy meal. Because the process is simple and can be run under nonaseptic conditions, it can be integrated fully into an existing dairy without additional operating personnel.


We establish an algebra isomorphism between the center of the category $\mathcal{O}$ for a hybrid quantum group at a root of unity $\zeta$ and the cohomology of $\zeta$-fixed locus on affine Grassmannian. A deformed version of this isomorphism was established in the previous paper of the author. For the Steinberg block of $\mathcal{O}$, we construct an abelian equivalence to the category of equivariant sheaves on the Springer resolution.


Video conference technologies-based National Weather Forecast Video Discussion System(NWFVDS) plays an increasingly important role in meteorological operations.Hardware and software video conference technologies are compared,and the status of NWFVDS are introduced.Then,the application analysis of video conference technologies in NWFVDS is analyzed.In the future,software video conference technology will be a complement of the existing hardware video conference technology,and the application of video conference technologies in meteorological operations will be more personal,more autonomy and more diversity.


The recently built rural Hanoks have shown changes in appearances regarding its shape, space and size in the traditional floor plan. This is probably the transformation process to suit the needs of modern residence as new spaces and other factors are considered these days. The purpose of the research is to provide basic data for the innovation and construction of future Hankoks by analyzing the size features of the Hanoks in the rural areas of Jeeollanam-do and changing trends. They were divided into 5 types depending on the shape and the spacing of the living room and kitchen. Then size features per each type were analyzed. From this, it was revealed that there needs to be reasonable development of types in the standard design of Hanok because the size of the rooms is actually bigger than the standard design of Hanok in Jeollanam-do. The composition of the utility rooms should be classified as either domestic space or agricultural workspace considering that this area is rural but there are not enough storage spaces for agricultural machines and materials in most houses as they did not install external storage spaces. Therefore, it was analyzed that the size varies with the changes in the composition of space because of Hankok's similarities in the area of the rooms with typical apartments.


Engineered 3-D tissues that replicate composite in vivo architectures have shown great potential for use in biomedical research. Cell-encapsulated hydrogel microscaffolds have been applied widely as basic building blocks to construct these artificial tissues. However, the accurate reproduction of heterogeneous hierarchical structures and different regional mechanical properties inside a single integrated microscaffold that mimics physiologically relevant complex tissues presents a major challenge. Here, we propose a novel fabrication control algorithm to achieve high-accuracy photolithography of microscaffolds that recapitulate the high fidelity of native tissues by adjusting a 3-D digital mask using holographic imaging feedback. By performing digital holographic reconstruction to express the hydrogel photocuring process in a matrix form and presetting the curing duration for each discrete point, the 3-D digital mask was predefined to represent the required customized microscaffold. During fabrication, the ultraviolet exposure area was divided into microscaled grids with relatively uniform irradiance to control the photocuring process discretely for every local region in the entire architecture. The holographic imaging feedback allowed the curing duration of each grid to be adjusted in real time, which enabled the accurate reproduction of a 3-D construct integrated with different microstructural morphologies and mechanical properties. Finally, poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate and gelatin methacrylate, as typical biomaterials, were used to fabricate the heterogeneous hierarchical microscaffold. The structural accuracy was improved from 65 to 12 μm and Young's modulus was controlled flexibly in 27.9 ± 3.5–91.2 ± 3.5 kPa range. With different local mechanical properties, cell migration in the microscaffold from soft to stiff areas is observed successfully.


CYGNSS is a space borne GNSS-R mission that uses the GPS L1 signal which usually has negligible attenuation due to rain. However, under heavy precipitation its effects need to be properly accounted for. In this paper, we characterize the effects of precipitation on the CYGNSS Normalized Bistatic Radar Cross Section (NBRCS) resulting from propagation losses, from rain induced surface roughening, and from increased near-surface wind associated with the presence of rain. Proper accounting for these effects is necessary to accurately retrieve ocean surface wind speed under heavy precipitation and, for example, to resolve the horizontal wind shear present in the rain bands of the ITCZ.


Rifle barrels experience large thermal and mechanical loads caused by firing a projectile. Since analytical solutions are inadequate for the complex loads and geometry, finite element analysis may be used instead. A finite element model of a Barrett M99 0.50 caliber rifle barrel was constructed to determine the stresses caused by the mechanical loads produced by the pressurized gas generated by the propellant and plastic deformation of the projectile in a smoothbore barrel. The projectile was accelerated to 941.7 m/s in 1.430 ms with a pressure profile that reached a maximum of 469.3 MPa. Stresses as large as 1,410 MPa along the interior of the barrel were found where the leading edge of the projectile slides along the bore, but the largest stresses at the exterior of the barrel were found where the barrel wall is thinnest near the chamber. The successful simulation of a rifle barrel proves that finite element analysis may be a powerful analysis tool for future failure analyses of firearm barrels.


An instrumentation system is developed for measuring velocities within a plane using Planar Doppler Velocimetry (PDV). Three identical camera systems are employed to obtain one velocity components each for an array of measurement points within the plane. Results are presented from velocity measurements on a flow field produced by a fan in a laboratory setup with a measurement area of 0.6 m x 0.6 m, and on the flow behind a falling parachute in a field setup with a measurement area of 1.5 m x 1.5 m. The results show velocity errors of less than 0.5 m/s for the laboratory experiments for two of the three components, and less than 1.1 m/s for the field experiments for all three components. These results demonstrate the ability to measure instantaneous velocity fields over large areas in low speed flow applications.


In this paper, we consider a nonlinear multiobjective programming problem where functions involved are non-differentiable. The use of directional derivative in association with a hypothesis of an invex kind on the set has been of much interest in the recent past. Recently under preinvexity assumptions on fi′(xo;ηi(x,xo)) and g′j (xo;θj(x,xo)), necessary and sufficient optimality conditions for a non-smooth multiobjective optimisation problem under generalised class of dI-V-type I functions have been derived. Working in this direction, we introduce a new class of (φ, dI)-V-type I functions and illustrate through various non-trivial examples that this class is non-empty and extends some known classes introduced in the literature. Also, we obtain sufficient optimality conditions to enable a feasible solution of the primal problem to be its weak efficient/efficient solution. Then through an example, we illustrate the relevance of the sufficient optimality theorem obtained to get the efficient solution of the problem. Further, we formulate Wolfe type and Mond-Weir type multiobjective dual programs and establish various duality theorems under this newly introduced class of functions.


Building the security mechanism for Controller Area Network (CAN) to defend against attack has drawn substantial attention recently. Fingerprinting ECUs to provide the ability of authentication based on the physical characteristics can protect the CAN network effectively. The clock skew which is unique and stable can be exploited to pinpoint the attacker and detect intrusion. However, a common downside of existing clock-skew-based approaches is that the estimation process can be affected by the message scheduling or arbitration. In our work, a novel intrusion detection system (IDS) that exploits the inherent difference in the clock of devices for automotive CAN network is designed. The estimation process of clock skew in our approach relies only on the time measurement of a single CAN frame. Thus, the disturbance from the data-link layer can be avoided. Since the performance of our IDS depends heavily on the accuracy of estimated clock skew, our approach is evaluated on CAN networks with different settings to simulate cases in which the sampling rate is sufficient or not. The feasibility as well as the limitation of our approach are presented in our work. The evaluation shows that our IDS can identify the sender and detect attacks with an average identification rate of more than 99.7% when the sampling rate is sufficient. Besides, the performance degradation as low sampling accuracy is shown and feasible measures for improvement are also discussed.


In this paper, I explore the impact of match-specific heterogeneity at the job creation margin on business cycle fluctuations. I show that this form of heterogeneity alone does not help to amplify labor market volatility, either under full or under asymmetric information. First, I show analytically that, under full information, heterogeneity has no first-order effect on the response of unemployment and job creation to productivity, and actually tends to dampen the response of market tightness. Then, in a series of calibrations, I show that with both full and asymmetric information, the model delivers labor market volatilities close to the representative-agent, full-information benchmark.


Objective To explore the changing rule and clinical significance of the abnormal cortical secretion resulted from traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methods The serums from 55 TBI patients and 13 normal persons were collected to measure the level of secreting total cortisol (Cor) , adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and corticosteroid-binding-globulin (CBG) by using radioimmunoactive assay and chemiluminescent immunometric assay. In the meantime, the free cortisol (FC) and free cortisol index (CI) were calculated by using Coolen formula. Results CBG maintained stable, while Cor and other hormones were increased significantly with the severity of TBI. Surgical operation could release the stress partially without disturbing the secretion of hormone. The more quickly the serum hormone decreased, the better prognosis the patients would have. The lower level of Cot could result in poorer prognosis. Conclusions TBI can result in a higher level of Cor as well as other hormones in the serum. The prognosis is poor in patients with a persistent high or low level of Cor. It should be cautious to supply large volume of cortisol at the early phase of TBI.

Key words:
Brain injuries; Cortisol; Adrenocorticotropin


We report on the magnetic and structural properties of epitaxial metal organic chemical vapor deposition grown p-GaN:Mg/Al2O3 implanted with Co, Cr, and V ions at varying high doses at 350 °C. Magnetic and structural properties were investigated after a short anneal at 700 °C to remove implantation damage. Magnetic properties determined from superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer measurements indicate ferromagnetic-like ordering for Co and Cr doped samples up to 320 K, while V doped samples show paramagnetic behavior for all temperatures considered. For all samples studied, structural characterization techniques such as x-ray diffraction, high-resolution cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy, and selected area diffraction pattern, indicate no second phases that may contribute to the magnetic properties measured. Transport measurements (resistivity as a function of temperature) reveal all samples to show insulating-like behavior.


This is a big book that covers a lot of ground in touching on many aspects of the world of wine. Extending to more than 600 pages, 20 chapters are divided into 5 sections – on growing grapes, makin...


With the present economic globalization and diversified ideologies,to help school students carry forward the national spirit is a critically important task pertaining to the overall promotion of quality education and also is college and university's basic duty.To practically develop quality education,we should start with establishing the national soul and core value,put moral quality in the first place,and meanwhile pay attention to knowledge transmission and ability cultivation.


Observational manifestations of accelerated expansion of the universe, in particular, recent data for Type Ia supernovae, baryon acoustic oscillations, for the Hubble parameter H(z) and cosmic microwave background constraints are described with different cosmological models. We compare the ΛCDM, the models with generalized and modified Chaplygin gas and the model with quadratic equation of state. For these models we estimate optimal model parameters and their permissible errors with different approaches to calculation of sound horizon scale rs(zd). Among the considered models the best value of χ2 is achieved for the model with quadratic equation of state, but it has 2 additional parameters in comparison with the ΛCDM and therefore is not favored by the Akaike information criterion.


A solid solution alloy of 2300 appm of 6Li isotope in aluminum was neutron irradiated at about 0.36 Tm in high, fast and thermal fluxes producing a damage level of 2 to 3 dpa and simultaneously inducing a gas content of about 2200 appm each of helium and tritium from burnup of 6Li. The gases significantly increased the nucleation of structural defects but did not change the degree of swelling; cavity concentrations were increased ~1000-fold, cavity sizes were decreased ~10-fold and there was ~10-fold increase in the concentrations of dislocations. Also, large cavities were developed on grain boundaries. The cavities were consistent with their being gas-filled bubbles. The refinement of damage structure by the gases caused a considerable increase in radiation hardening. Bend tests at 77 and 296 K revealed severe embrittlement and intergranular fracture. Comparison with data from material irradiated to produce comparable gas levels but relatively little displacement damage indicates that premature intergranular failure is much enhanced ·by the presence of a defect-hardened matrix. Postirradiation annealing tests showed the cavity and dislocation structures to have high resistance to annealing. Annealing also encouraged the development of a secondary population of large cavities believed to be associated with migration and precipitation of tritium.


Entomological surveillance study was conducted in four selected sites; Peshawar, Nowshera, Mardan and Charsadda of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan during 2012-13 for development of ultimate control strategies of mosquito breeding in outdoor habitats. Larvae were collected from various mosquito breeding habitats such as irrigation channels, irrigation water leakages, pots, vase, tyres, temporary containers stagnant flood waters, etc. Ovitraps were used as monitoring tools in urban areas of the selected sites. Results showed that mosquitoes are active throughout the year with their most active season during May, September and October. The mean relative abundance of Culex species in different districts were: Peshawar (32.3), Nowshera (18.8), Mardan (20.3) and Charsadda (21.0). Higher numbers of Aedes mosquitoes were observed in Nowshera (19.3), Peshawar (16.4), Charsadda (13.1), and Mardan (9.8), respectively. Mean monthly positive ovitraps of species was high in May and October collected from Peshawar (32.5, 31.5), Nowshera (25.3, 26.8), Mardan (22.2, 16.8) and Charsadda (27, 26.9), respectively. The overall abundance of Culex species was high as compared with Aedes and Anopheles species collected from various outdoor breeding habitats. The Culex species was abundant in turbid water with foul smell while the Aedes and Anopheles were higher in comparatively fresh and clear water with low turbidity. The study recommends consideration on removal of artificial containers, monitoring of irrigation water and channels and ultimate control of breeding of dengue vectors in the target sites.


Abstract The paper presents development and validation of an inverse method for the identification of thermal characteristics of a short super-Gaussian laser pulse interacting with a metal sample. The method was applied to find unknown power of the laser pulse, dimensionless shape parameter of the super-Gaussian function describing the spatial energy distribution of the beam as well as beginning and end times of its interaction with the heated body. The proposed inverse method is based on the Levenberg-Marquardt technique and utilizes temporal and spatial distributions of temperature on the rear surface of the sample, i.e., the opposite to the irradiated one. The temperature profiles were registered by a high-speed IR camera. During the experiments some of the laser beam parameters, i.e., the power, the laser beam spatial profile, beginning and end times of the exposition as well as thermophysical and optical parameters of the aluminum sample were known. Therefore, the measured data were used for both validation of the numerical model which described thermal interaction of a laser pulse with the sample as well as the assessment of correctness and accuracy of the inverse method. At the first step, numerical model of the forward problem, i.e., heat transfer in the aluminum sample irritated by the laser pulse, was developed and validated based on experimentally-determined temperature distributions. The validation was performed for both single and multiple laser pulses. The numerical model of the forward problem was implemented in the commercial software ANSYS Fluent. Then an inverse algorithm was developed and implemented with the aid of the GNU Octave environment. Subsequently, series of numerical tests were carried out. During these numerical simulations, sensitivity analysis as well as initial calibration and verification of the developed algorithm were performed. Parallel to the modeling tasks, the experimental stand was built and series of experiments were performed which allowed to assess the performance of the method using physical temperature data. Performed investigations showed that the problem is ill-conditioned. Nevertheless, relatively good accuracy of the retrieval has been obtained. It was revealed that the sensitivity of the objective function to the end time of the laser pulse is relatively low and that two of the parameters affect measured temperatures in a similar way. These two properties contributed to ill-conditioning of the inverse problem. Dependence of inverse problem solutions on the initial guess has been observed and methods allowing to minimize its influence have been identified. The accuracy of the method was affected by relatively low temporal resolution of the IR camera (500 Hz, with the exposure time approximately from 0.2 to 1 ms). Despite aforementioned problems, the method was abled to retrieve unknown laser pulse parameters with 20–25% accuracy.


Introduction: The squamous cell carcinoma is recognized as one of the late complications of pressure ulcers. due to its aggressive biological behavior and the often late diagnosis, extensive local resections are usually necessary to control this disease. Objective: describe a modified hemicorporectomy technique, preserving the pelvic bones in a patient with multicentric tumor, locally advanced. Material and Methods: We report a case of a 57-year-old male paraplegic since his teens, with decubitus ulcers in the sacral and trochanteric regions, complicated by squamous cell carcinoma, treated by a modified hemicorporectomy technique, preserving the pelvic bones. Results: The surgical procedure was performed by a multidisciplinary team, allowing complete resection of the tumor through hemicorporectomy, preserving the bones of the pelvis and lumbosacral spine. The surgery lasted eight hours, the patient stayed for three days in intensive care unit, total hospitalization time was fifteen days and there was no need for blood transfusion. in the immediate postoperative period, there was partial necrosis of the muscle cutaneous flap and the patient was discharged in good health. Conclusions: despite his physical appearance drastically change and the high morbidity of treatment, the surgical procedure improved his quality of life and increased his chances of cure.


Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patients suffer increasing functional limitation with disease worsening disease. Increasing time in sedentary behavior has been associated with poorer quality of life. Determining thresholds for activity in patients with respiratory disease is difficult due to variable cardiorespiratory limitations between individuals. Measuring sedentary behavior is not confounded by this limitation and may be a better measurement of activity in patients with respiratory disease.


WHILE relatively large numbers of seventeenth-century com monplace books have survived moth, worm, and rust to be come permanent items in such collections as those at the British Museum, the Bodleian Library, the Folger Library, and the Huntington Library, very few indeed can be proved to have belonged to persons of notable literary eminence. Two of the most significant such items that have yielded up the identity of their original owners are Milton's commonplace book and Thomas Traherne's.1 Now a prime candidate has appeared for designation as Robert Herrick's commonplace book. And in the following remarks I propose to com bine description of this manuscript with an enumeration of the ques tions that such a book inevitably raises. It should, however, be under stood at the outset that my remarks are offered frankly as a report of work in progress rather than as the definitive answers to a number of terribly complex questions. For in addition to my concern with issues that emerge from the Herrick manuscript alone, I wish to suggest— on the basis of problems that I am encountering in my work on this manuscript and others—avenues of approach that might enable us to learn more about sixteenthand seventeenth-century manuscript * This paper was presented in a slightly altered form at the meeting of the Midwest Modern Language Association in Detroit, 5 Nov. 1971. Research done at the British Mu seum and the Bodleian Library was made possible through a grant from the University Research Institute of the University of Texas and through a travel grant from the Ameri can Philosophical Society. Research carried out at the Folger Library and the Rosenbach Library was made possible by a grant from the "Excellence Fund" by Dr. John R. Silber, then Dean of the College of Arts & Sciences. I am indebted to my colleagues Professors James McManaway and James Sledd for wise counsel which I hope I have been able to follow.


Stakeholder participation has been described as an essential element in successful sustainable tourism development as it helps coordinate and balance decision-making based on the needs and interests of relevant parties. A top-down tourism development policy helps speed up development, but does not always produce a positive outcome for the host communities who have to live with tourism. In an effort to better distribute the benefits of tourism for host communities, Designated Areas for Sustainable Tourism Administration (DASTA), a tourism public organisation in Thailand, has started to implement a multi-stakeholder participatory approach in community-based tourism development. This paper presents the multi-stakeholder participation model in community-based tourism development in Thailand concentrating on the role of DASTA in reducing the barriers for implementing active participation for the benefit of the host community. The result can be a case study for tourism administrations to apply especially in developing countries where the participatory approach is not widely or actively implemented.


The present work aims at evaluating the corrosion resistance of AA6061-T6pre-treated with bis-1,2-[triethoxysiyl]ethane silane(BTSE)solution containing different contents of Y2O3 nanoparticles.The corrosion resistance of the pre-treated AA6061-T6 substrates was investigated with potentiodynamic polarization curves,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)and neutral salt spray test(NSS).The morphology of silane film was observed using scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The results indicated that the presence of small amount of Y2O3 nanoparticles in BTSE solutions increased the corrosion resistance of the silane films in 3.5% NaCl solution.The formed silane film acts as a physical barrier for the protection of aluminum alloy.Y2O3 nanoparticles mainly inhibit the cathodic reduction reaction of electrochemical corrosion and do not change the dynamic behaviors of the electrode reaction of electrochemical corrosion.The scanning electron microscopy(SEM)images indicated that the surface morphology of silane films formed was flat and compact,when the contents of Y2O3 nanoparticles in BTSE solutions were between 10mg/L and 20mg/L.