DDOS is a critical and common attack that affects the performance and reliability of the network. In this attack, the network traffic is increased anonymously on a particular node or controller. These heavy communications occupies the resources and slow down the network performance. This attack is more challenging for Cloud and IoT based networks. The lightweight components increase the network and communication criticality over the network. Various machine learning methods and models are available to predict DDOS attack. In this paper, a comparative analysis is provided on five machine learning algorithms called decision tree, decision table, random forest, SVM and Bayesian network algorithms. The analysis of these algorithms is provided using accuracy, True positive, true negative, precision and recall parameters. The analysis results show that the decision tree achieved the better performance over other algorithms. The results also show that the Bayesian network is the poor performer as compare to others.


Of the various cardiac irregularities produced experimentally by digitalis, the earliest to appear in most instances is an occasional omission of ventricular contractions, owing to an interruption of the stimulus between the auricles and ventricles. Somewhat later, or even immediately after this, the heart may assume a most peculiar rhythm in which the auricles and ventricles are beating quite independently of each other.1,2This irregularity differs from the ordinary rhythm of complete heart-block in that the ventricular rate is not slow, but approaches and, indeed, usually exceeds the auricular rate; so that, for example, one may count sixteen ventricular to fifteen auricular contractions. This rhythm is so common in carefully graded digitalis poisoning in dogs that it has become a regular portion of the pharmacologic demonstrations given by Dr. Edmonds to the University of Michigan students and by Professor Hatcher to the Cornell University students. So


The constraint satisfaction problem is an NP-complete problem that provides a convenient framework for expressing many computationally hard problems. In addition, domain knowledge can be efficiently integrated into CSPs, providing a potentially exponential speedup in some cases.
The CSP is closely related to the satisfiability problem and many of the techniques developed for one have been transferred to the other. However, the recent dramatic improvements in SAT solvers that result from learning clauses during search have not been transferred successfully to CSP solvers. In this thesis we propose that this failure is due to a fundamental restriction of nogood learning, which is intended to be the analogous to clause learning in CSPs. This restriction means that nogood learning can exhibit a superpolynomial slowdown compared to clause learning in some cases. We show that the restriction can be lifted, delivering promising results.
Integration of nogood learning in a CSP solver, however, presents an additional challenge, as a large body of domain knowledge is typically encoded in the form of domain specific propagation algorithms called global constraints. Global constraints often completely eliminate the advantages of nogood learning. We demonstrate generic methods that partially alleviate the problem irrespective of the type of global constraint. We also show that more efficient methods can be integrated into specific global constraints and demonstrate the feasibility of this approach on several widely used global constraints.


Resealable cap for a drug bottle (114, 214) (110, 210) is formed with a drug in a stable vulcanized rubber or such materials are known to provide an environment that is housed in the bottle with the base portion (112, 212), and a resealable member overlying the base portion (126, 226). Resealable member (126, 226) is made of low-density polyethylene or similar material, for dispensing a drug to the bottle (114, 214) may be punctured with a needle or such injection member (140,282) . Prior to filling, the resealable cap (110, 210) assembled into a bottle (114, 214), sterilizing the assembly of the cap and bottle. Then, insert the needle (140,282) a resealable cap (110, 210), the drug is introduced into the bottle through the needle. After exiting the needle (140,282), and melted by penetrable region (248) the laser (276) or directly heat-sealing cap (heating surface 264), to seal the cap the needle hole (294).


The ferromagnetic resonance absorption in Ni ferrite is observed at 9300 MC. The single crystal specimen is prepared by PbO flux method, and has the composition Ni 0.96 Fe 2.04 O 4 . The experiments are made repeatedly on one and the same specimen after various heat-treatments. The width, anisotropy constants, and g -factor change appreciably by the treatments. The results can be accounted for qualitatively to some extent, as caused by the change in the spinel phase itself or by the effect of precipitation. The minimum width obtained of 15 Oe is far narrower than that reported previously for the ferrites.


In this study, we investigate the relationships between Borsa Istanbul Stock Exchange (BIST) stock prices and underlying macroeconomic shocks in the Turkish economy. For this, we employ both bivariate and trivariate Structural Vector Autoregressive (SVAR) models to examine the effects of fundamental shocks on stock price movements in Turkey during the period 1998-2013. The analysis reveals that the relationship between stock prices and real activity variables is substantially stronger than the relationship between stock prices and key investments, i.e., the interest rates, gold investment and the US dollar. Furthermore, most of the findings in this paper cannot confirm that fundamental shocks became substantially less important.


Camel mange is an extremely pruritic and contagious disease of camel caused by a small parasite Sarcoptes scabiei var cameli. It is transmitted by direct or indirect contact, is one of the most important parasitic diseases affecting camel. Camel mange is economically important disease that hinders productivity and health of camel. In Borana pastoral area camel play a pivotal role in the livelihoods; however, there was no any study on the prevalence and risk factors associated with camel mange in Gomole district of Borana zone. Therefore, a cross sectional study was conducted between May to November 2021 to determine prevalence of camel mange mites and associated risk factors in Gomole district. a total of 384 animals were randomly selected and subjected to skin scrapings to recover mange from suspected lesions which was later on examined under microscope, out of the entire camels examined 96 (25%) camels were found positive for mange mite infestation. Only Sarcoptes scabiei var. cameli was identified as the only mite species in all skin scraping samples collected from the suspected mange mite lesions. Only body condition and herd size were shown statistically significant difference in prevalence of mange mites (P 0.05). This study indicates that camel papulations in Gomole woreda harbours mange mites which could hamper health and production status of the camels. Therefore, more emphasis should be given to improve the management system, further studies and control measures should be conducted to shrink the effect of mange mite infestation on camel husbandry.


36 LLE Review, Volume 97 Fiber laser and amplifier development in the wavelength region near 1 μm has experienced significant progress owing to the exceptional efficiency and gain bandwidth of ytterbiumdoped fibers.1–5 In fact, both ytterbium fiber lasers and amplifiers are becoming more attractive than their bulk counterparts due to their confined spatial mode, impressive bandwidth, good pump absorption, ease of alignment, and inherent compatibility with optical fiber. To date, however, experimental efforts regarding ytterbium fiber lasers have been directed only toward fundamental mode-locking, which typically limits pulse repetition rates below 100 MHz.1–5


In certain types of heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs), the carrier transit time associated with the base-collector (BC) space-charge region constitutes a significant contribution to the total transit time. In many compact models, the low-current BC transit time is lumped in with the total low-current transit time and often assumed to be constant—dependent only on the collector width and material saturation velocity. This assumption, however, is insufficient for modeling high-voltage Si-based HBTs as well as for III-V HBTs, where the negative differential mobility (NDM) effect can become relevant in high-speed low-power circuits. This paper presents a closed-form solution for the low-current collector transit time based on a novel accurate analytical velocity-field formulation, covering both group IV and group III-V semiconductor materials. The new solution includes the NDM effect and is suitable for implementation in compact models, and its relevance and accuracy are demonstrated for both TCAD simulated and measured data.


The production of silk in adult females of the wolf spider Pardosa amentata (CI.) has been studied. The role of female silk in courtship behavour is discussed on teh basis of experimental data.


STRESS POINTS ON THE PLANTAR SURFACE OF THE FOOT If sun exposure is widely recognized as the main causative factor in patients with cutaneous melanoma, the phenomenon of melanoma occurrence in areas unexposed to the sun bears examination. The authors, from Shinshu University School of Medicine, studied a series of 123 patients diagnosed with melanomas of plantar skin. They found a higher density of melanomas in the front of the foot (0.87 lesions/cm) and in the rear of the foot (0.71 lesions/ cm) and a lower density in the midfoot (0.40) and arch (0.07). The authors observe that mechanical stress, such as plantar pressure and shear stress, is higher in the 2 areas of high melanoma density, and suggest that mechanical stress may increase risk of formation of melanomas on the plantar surface.


FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: invention describes a percutaneous or permucous medicinal formulation used in treatment of nicotine dependence or elimination from the smoking habit. Proposed medicinal formulation comprises nicotine, nicotinic salt, a derivative of nicotine or substance enhancing effect of nicotine in combination with at least one additional substance effecting on the central nervous system. Oral dosing an additional substance effecting on the central nervous system excludes adverse effects and providing a simple and safety intake of drug for patients. EFFECT: improved and valuable properties of formulation. 10 cl


Current trend in developing of new structures aims at increasing of productivity, quality, reliability and hence also durability. Structural durability is influenced by several factors; most significantly by fatigue, overload, corrosion, and wear, etc. The predominant factor that causes damage during normal operation is fatigue. Up to 90% of all structures get damaged when they are affected by fatigue. The fatigue life analysis is used to determine the time to failure under operational load. These questions are analysed by authors in the papers [1, 2, 3]. Failure occurs in the points of extreme stress. Generally, their localization by numerical methods of elasticity requires excellent knowledge of material characteristics as well as marginal conditions of location and load. Numerical analysis of the steel structure parts is performed usually by means of the experimental measurements in order to obtain time behaviour of the operational loading [4, 9].


The authors studied the intelligence, memory, visuomotor skills and language of 298 six‐year‐old children with very low birthweight (VLBW) (less than 1500g). Of 591 VLBW children bom from July 1983 to June 1986 within 50km of the centre of Hamburg, Germany, 330 were traceable at age six years and 298 of these were séen by a neuropaediatrician and a psychologist; the other 19 were too severely disabled for psychological assessment with the standardized tests used. The mean memory performance of VLBW children at age six years was below the standard mean in all diagnostic and socio‐economic subgroups. As expected, visuomotor development was clearly influenced by neurological but not socio‐economic status. Intelligence and language skills were much more closely related to socio‐economic background than to neurological morbidity. However, VLBW children with hyperactivity, clumsiness or cerebral palsy differed significantly in intelligence and visuomotor performance from those without neurological symptoms.


A method of making the same habitat insect species identification mark, the method comprising the steps of: (a) determining the DNA base sequence of one or more insect species from two or more habitat; (b) the nucleotide sequence of (a) determined for comparison; one or more sites conserved nucleotide base sequence (c) according to the result of (b), the supply ratio pair is formed from the base removing sequences; (d) the result (c), the entire or part of the remaining sites of the type as recognition site; (e) to (d), the type of recognition sites, compared with each corresponding base, completely the same type of recognition site classified as the same type, is not exactly the same type of recognition site classified as the other one or more types; and (f) to (e) of each type, by determining a belonging to each type of insect habitat, the types of various types of recognition sites as markers.


The invention relates to compounds of the formula (CF DRAWING IN BOPI) wherein A is -O- or-NH-C (O) -; R1 is, for example, (CF DRAWING IN BOPI) (with the provisos that (i) where A is -O-, then n is 2 or 3; (ii) if A is -NH-C (O) -, then n is 1 or 2); R3 is, for example, OH-, CH3 SO2 NH-, CF3 SO2 NH-, CH3 SO2 NHCH2 -, CF3 SO2 NHCH2 -, HOOC-, CH3 OOC-, R 8 OOC-CONH-, HOOC-CH2 SO2 NH-, CF3 -CH2 SO2 NH-, -NHSO2 R8 -, -CH2 R8 -NHSO2 -, HOOC-CH 2 -O-, HSO3 N = CH- ouR9 -SO 2 NHCO-; R4 is H, OH, O-alkyl or O-CH2 OCH3; R5 is H, halogen atom, -CH2 COOH or OH; R6 and R7 are hydrogen, t-butyl or pyrrolidyl; R8 is hydrogen or lower alkyl; R9 is alkyl or thienyl; R10 is lower alkyl, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, as well as methods for their production. Application to the treatment of diabetes.


This study investigated how Brazilian students develop their learning with regard to the present subjunctive in Spanish, particularly when they use the conjunctions cuando, aunque, and donde. The research was applied to intermediate students at a private institution in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Form-Focused Instruction (FFI) was applied as the theoretical framework, with an emphasis on the ideas of Spada (1997, 2008, 2010) and Ellis (2001, 2006, 2009). The research included four stages: pre-test, remedial lessons, immediate post-test, and delayed post-test. TheEdmodo Platform and Team Speak Program were used as tools for oral and written assignments. Data analysis illustrated the ongoing misunderstanding and how much FFI was beneficial for learning the present subjunctive in Spanish.


Maria Sibylla Merian (German, 1647-1717) is best known for her magnificent 1705 publication, Metamorphosis insectorum surinamensium, although she published earlier works on insect metamorphosis. Merian wrote the text and painted all of the illustrations for her books, and for the early volumes she produced most of the engravings. Contemporary scholarship has focused primarily on Merian's detailed images of lepidopteran and host plant life cycles, but Merian's Surinam album also portrays anuram metamorphosis, including the first European depiction of Pipa pipa.


In this chapter, I will explore some of the ways in which divination worked in Greece in the classical period through the activities of one man, Euxenippos, probably the son of Ethelokrates, of the deme Lamptrai.1 He was the target of an eisangelia brought by Polyeuktos and Lykourgos some time between 330 and 324 ,2 and what we know of him comes mostly from the speech in his defence composed by Hypereides. Although Hypereides presents Euxenippos as a private citizen unfairly caught up in a political dispute, there is good reason to see him as rather more than this. His experiences show how seriously the Athenian democracy took the need to establish the divine will accurately through divination, and how important particular individuals could be in this process.


The literature detailing the effects of growing up with a parent with depression is extensive, and there is a burgeoning body of literature delineating processes of resilience in at-risk children. Both of these fields are summarised here, before a more in-depth examination of studies which have brought these two areas together. Only a limited number of studies have explored resilience in offspring of depressed parents. These studies have focused on coping, on factors that aid resilience and on preventive interventions designed to promote resilience. Relevant factors have emerged from this review but less is understood about the processes that underlie resilience. Further research is needed to increase our understanding of both why and how some offspring of depressed parents show positive adaptation despite being at risk.


In the era of digitalization, ubiquitous sensing technologies have paved the way for predicting the remaining useful life (RUL) of assets or systems. In both practical and theoretical fields, enabled by machine learning algorithms, predictive maintenance (PdM) has attracted significant attention. Among machine learning algorithms, deep learning benefits from its multilayer architecture for performing feature engineering. It provides high-quality results in an efficient manner and has become a prevalent approach. However, only predicting the expected RUL is insufficient. For practically implementing PdM approaches, both the overestimating and underestimating prediction risks should also be analyzed and mitigated before making maintenance decisions. In this article, we propose a deep Gaussian process approach to predict the expected RUL and estimate the associated variance. The approach adopts the multilayer architecture such that the predicted result is robust against the selection of kernel functions. Several novel evaluation metrics are introduced to evaluate the predicted RUL distribution. To realize a complete framework of PdM, enabled by the RUL distribution, we propose a distribution-based cost minimization algorithm to dynamically optimize the predicted maintenance thresholds. The overall approach is tested with two practical datasets.


Crack propagation of UAV wing 's ribs has been simulated by ABAQUS secondary development using Python language. In the study,the wing rib is reduced to two-dimensional slab structure,the crack is placed at the connection of the beam and rib,and the crack propagation process of different initial angle is simulated. The results have been obtained,that crack propagation morphology,variation of stress intensity factor in the expansion process and crack propagation angle,has close relationship with the crack location and initial crack angle. Crack propagation morphology can be divided into two kinds generally,one is along the initial direction when the initial crack angle between 50°and 70°,another is crack towards the lower surface of rib ultimately when the initial crack angle between- 70° and 40°. The results have a certain reference value on crack growth rate and crack arrest of the wing ribs.


【Objective】To retrospectively analyze the main nursing points and key links of laparoscopic surgery for benign ovarian tumors.【Methods】The nursing measures were retrospectively analyzed in 246 patients with benign ovarian tumors who underwent laparoscopic surgery.【Results】All the 246 cases had successful completion of surgery with accurate,skilled,understanding intraoperative nursing,and there were no complications due to inappropriate intraoperative position and improper care.【Conclusion】The key links of nursing are good preoperative visits,preparation of endoscopic equipment by special nurses,right placement of operative equipments,regulation of the operation position,protection of nerves and blood vessels,the establishment of safe pneumoperitoneum,and correct adjustment of the required parameters.


A broad-spectrum naphthacene antibiotic produced semisynthetically from chlortetracycline, an antibiotic isolated from the bacterium Streptomyces aureofaciens. In bacteria, tetracycline binds to the 30S ribosomal subunit, interferes with the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to the mRNA-ribosome complex, thereby inhibiting protein synthesis.


This work treats the study of the power balance of a high voltage power supply for microwaves generators, used in various industrials applications, from its modeling with Matlab-Simulink. The power supply uses a single-phase high voltage transformer with magnetic shunts supplying a cell voltage doubler and current stabilizer composed of a capacitor and a diode. This doubler supplies in its output one magnetron. The model already developed for the special leakage flux transformer is a p quadruple composed of storable inductances able to translating the nonlinear saturation phenomena for stabilization of the magnetron current. Each Inductance of the model is characterized by its non-linear relation "flux-current" which the principle of determination has the advantage to be simple and directly obtained from the construction parameters of the transformer. The voltage and current curves obtained by simulation are compared with experimental one. The same curves will allow us to plot the instantaneous microwave power absorbed by the magnetron. This will lead to determining the average power emitted by the magnetron, and establish the balance of the power microwave generator by computing the performance, and compared with that obtained from experimental.


A method for the micro-gravitation down-cabin dynamic measure weight compensation and correction based on FLANN data fusion is presented. Using the method the sensor's straight linear characteristic equation is generated with straight linear regression. In the meantime, the sensor's nonlinear characteristic is mapped using FLANN network and data fusion. Thus the correction of sensor's temperature compensation and nonlinear characteristic is realized. The result of the application in the micro-gravitation down-cabin showed that it's effective and feasible.


The paper suggests a notion of left band-limitness for one-sided semi-infinite sequences representing traces of two-sided band-limited sequences. A method of detecting these sequences is obtained. For more general one-sided sequences without this feature, a method for calculation of the projections on the subspace formed by the left band-limited sequences is developed. These projections represent mean-square optimal causal band-limited approximations of one-sided sequences; the procedure can be interpreted as causal smoothing. The corresponding smoothed left band-limited processes allow unique extrapolations to future times that can be interpreted as optimal forecasts.


Different levels of knowledge of diabetics will cause different motivations inpreventing complications in people with diabetes mellitus. Most sufferers are inthe Public Health Center of Pekan Heran, which is 330 patients. The purpose ofthis study was to determine the relationship of knowledge about DiabetesMellitus with motivation in preventing complications in the Kelurahan PematangReba, Public Health Center Pekan Heran, Indragiri Hulu District. The researchmethod is descriptive correlative with cross sectional approach, the samplingtechnique is total sampling, 70 respondents, by distributing questionnaires.Analysis of the data in this study is univariate and bivariate analysis. The resultsshowed that the majority of sufferers' knowledge about diabetes mellitus wasgood (90%), most patients had strong motivation in preventing complicationsof diabetes mellitus (94.3%). There is a relationship between knowledge aboutDiabetes Mellitus with motivation in preventing complications with a p value of0.02 or <0.05.


Due to the quality of service issues that wireless communications for data transmission need to ensure, we use the SOM neural network for QoS pattern space convergence, and apply cluster results to the shortest path algorithm in sensor networks. This paper constructs a wireless sensor networks packet loss rate test model of Simulink, and uses it to measure the packet loss rate in different communication distance and the noise power density. From these we obtain the SOM network input samples. After network training, the convergent vector matrix and the corresponding quality of service function are obtained. Finally, we apply the quality of service to the shortest path tree structure, and evaluate the performance of pattern recognition in the shortest path tree structure by NS2 software.


Objective To investigate the effect of posterior fixation combined verteplasty for osteoporotic thoracolumbar fracture.Methods Broken vertebral body was reposited with posterior short-segment fixation with pediclescrew technique,and perfused with bone cement mixed polymethyl methacrylate and hydroxyapatite.Results 21 patients of compressed thoracolumbar fracture were followed up from 11 mouths to 24 mouths.The pain disappeared in 16 patients and reduced in 5 patients after operation.According to Franke1 grading,16 patients of the nerve function reached to 1 grade,and 1 patient resumed to 2 grade.Conclusion The method to treat osteoporotic vetrebralbody fracture with posterior fixation combined verteplasty can rapidly reduce pain,and resume the strength and stiffness of broken vertebral body.


As elsewhere in the world, Arab news websites depend on revenue streams built on the commercialization of social media platforms. Reliance on these platforms has created a major structural shift in news production, distribution and monetization, which has triggered serious concerns about fake news, misinformation and quality journalism. This paper investigates the extent to which four online-only news websites abide by quality journalism in the context of increasing platformization of digital news production. We use qualitative document analysis to systematically analyse the contents of a representative sample from four news websites from Egypt, Jordan, Morocco and Tunisia.


Introduction Recurrent urinary tract infections represent a difficult clinical and therapeutic challenge, [1] especially in older women among whom several have either resistant strains or antibiotic allergies that limit their antibiotic therapy. We review the technique of cystoscopy with fulguration of trigonitis in those women, as well as our longterm experience with this simple outpatient procedure. [2]


Giardia intestinalis is a protozoan parasite which infects the gastrointestinal tract of man and animals. It is endemic throughout the world and is transmitted via faecal contamination of drinking water and food. Giardia intestinalis has a relatively simple life cycle alternating between the trophozoite (proliferative form) and the cyst (resting form). The nature of symptoms associated with Giardia infections varies between individuals with many cases being asymptomatic, however in symptomatic cases diarrhoea, weight loss, and abdominal cramps are commonly reported [1]. Treatment of Giardia typically involves a number of drugs belonging to the 5 ′ nitroimidazoles. Metronidazole (1-β-hydroxyethyl-2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole ) is the most commonly used as it is generally well tolerated [2]. In most cases Giardia responds well to treatment, however in 1– 4% of cases drug resistance is responsible for treatment failure. Several mechanisms of drug resistance have been investigated in the parasitic protozoa, including drug inactivation via redox cycling and improved drug efflux. Here we describe the use of phage antibody technology to probe the surface of Giardia to identify changes between metronidazole resistant and sensitive trophozoites, and to identify molecules which may confer resistance. We have also used this technology to generate antibodies against Giardia cysts.


The classic method to solve interaction between two-level atom and classic electric field is used to figure the several rates equation directly.The density matrix' method is used to establish the Hamiltonian operator of interaction between single two-level atom and classic electric field,and the differential equation is figured out,which is satisfied the density matrix of two-level atom system.The result shows that the density matrix non-opposite angle element never be zero at any time,and the quantum coherence characteristics of two-level atom system can keep well in this interaction model.


IN THE COURSE of a study of species relations in Gossypium, two series of synthetic amphiploids have been produced, tetraploids from doubling F1 hybrids between diploid species, and hexaploids from doubling of hybrids between natural allotetraploid and diploid species. These synthetic amphiploids may be crossed among themselves, and with natural *species, both diploid and tetraploid. Hence it has so far been possible in Gossypium to obtain series of hybrids combining complete chromosome sets from two, three or four different species, and having the diploid, triploid, tetraploid, pentaploid or hexaploid multiple of the basic chromosome number 13. During a cytological and morphological investigation of these complex hybrids, a number of instances of unexpected and striking color mosaics have been noted. In some types of polygenomic hybrids involving three or four species, mosaic formation is a characteristic morphological feature, while in a number of others it occurs sporadically. In addition, one clear case of somatic reduction has been found. These two phenomena will be presented together, since recent investigations of Huskins and his coworkers (Huskins, 1948a, b; Wilson and Cheng, 1949; Huskins and Cheng, 1950) suggest that somatic segregation and somatic reduction may, in some cases, have a common cytological basis. For a detailed explanation of genome symbols -and the genome formulae of hybrids used in this paper, based on Beasley's nomenclature (1940) . the reader is referred to the first paper of this series (Brown and Menzel, 1952). Letters A, B, C, D, and E represent cytologically differentiated groups of genomes (n = 13), while subscripts identify particular species of a genome group. (AD) refers to the genomes of the natural allotetraploid species (n = 13 + 13 _26). Thus both the chromosome number and the number of species combined may be inferred from the genome formula of a given plant. MOSAIcs.-One series of complex trispecies hybrids has been obtained by intercrossing allohexaploids derived from hybrids of G. hirsutum X a diploid species. The hexaploid hybrids so far studied, comprising 18 different species combinations, all share one marked morphological peculiarity: the universal occurrence among them of color mosaics in petals and leaves. This is most striking and was first observed in six hybrids having the hexaploid 2(AD) 1C1 as one parent. In all of these, the mauve petal color carried by the C1 genome is


Abstract Barium titanate is one of the most thoroughly studied members of the perovskite family due to its prominent place in the electroceramic industry. To be used as a capacitor at room temperature, a high-dielectric constant is needed which is achieved through doping. The focus of this research was to develop a more environmentally benign alternative to the doping of barium titanate. The barium source was barium titanyl catecholate, Ba[Ti(cat)3] (aq) and the doping sources were strontium oxalate (SrC2O4) and strontium carbonate (SrCO3). The doping strategies included a solid-state synthetic pathway as well as microwave- and centrifuge-assisted methods which both employed water as the only solvent. The last two benign by design methods were tested with respect to their thermodynamic control over barium-to-strontium stoichiometric ratios. These methods of doping proved to be more environmentally friendly and economical while combining green chemistry and materials science.


This work gives an analysis of support co-effects with rock massif by the use of mechanical models: elastic, elastoviscous, rigidplastic, elastoplastic elastoplastic non-homohenous and viscousplastic. From an aspect of experience, the mining support could be considered as rigid and elastic construction and also with certain features of circulation. Depending on mining-geological conditions, and in selection of methodology for support calculation, the required regimes of its work have to be taken into consideration.


A DNA computer requires DNA processor. A fundamental component of the processor is an arithmetic logic unit (ALU). The ALU performs all arithmetic operations in binary format, and the most critical operation is two's complement addition, which can involve addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. Two's complement adders can be synthesized using multiple full adders. In this paper, a noise-resistant DNA computing full adder circuit is presented. The proposed adder circuit, unlike other circuits, takes strands as inputs and produces the results in the form of DNA strands. This is an important characteristic, since it enables multiple-level design. In addition, since all possible hybridization in this circuit is desired, it can control an abundance of unwanted strands. As a result, the synthesized adder is noise-resistant. While other multi-level designs might be possible (e.g., Nor-Nor design), the proposed design implements the full adder circuit as an integrated gate. The benefit of having an integrated circuit is that it eliminates the need for separate suppressors and activators. Before synthesizing the adder, we implemented AND, OR, and inverter gates and then extended these basic components to implement the desired circuit. The proposed designs were implemented and tested using Visual DSD programming and simulation tool.


In this paper I trace the political background of recent educational reforms in New Zealand. I then reflect on how these reforms have impinged on one curriculum area – mathematics – by formulating a philosophical base for mathematics teaching and then use Meighan's generic model of educational ideology as a framework in which to critique this curriculum.


Optical solitons in 1.5μm dispersion-shifted optical fibres have been successfully amplified and transmitted over 30– 50 km with an Er3+-doped single-mode fibre repeater. The Er repeater was pumped by a GaInAsP Fabry-Perot-type, high-power laser diode, and a gain as high as 10 dB was obtained in the soliton power regime for an Er pump power of 50mW.


A high-yield amylase strain,named as H3,was isolated from saline-alkali soil in Xinjiang,China.H3 could grow under the condition with 30% NaCl concentration and pH 11.Based on the results of morphological,physiological and biochemical experiments,and analysis of 16S rRNA sequence,this strain was identified as Gracilibacillus sp.It could grow on the media containing 0~30% NaCl.The optimum NaCl concentration for H3 growth was 5%~10% and the optimum pH was 8.5.The highest amylase activity was 4 830 units under the optimum condition for H3 growth,which suggesting that this strain could be used for starch hydrolysis under high salt and alkaline condition.


The potential of vermireactors, based on polyculture and monoculture system, was evaluated by using substrate consisted of domestic sewage sludge mixed with sugarcane trash, under laboratory conditions. Polyculture reactor was designed by using an epigeic (Eisenia fetida) and an anecic (Lampito mauritii) species of earthworm, while monoculture reactor had E. fetida only. Comparatively the end product i.e., vermicompost obtained from polyculture reactor showed the better concentration of nutrients and lower metal levels than monoculture reactor. Polyculture vermirector showed greater dehydrogenase activity and microbial biomass N, possibly related to the better microclimatic conditions in it. Results indicate that the polyculture vermireactor, especially designed by using at least one burrowing earthworm (endogeic or anecic) not only accelerates the mineralisation process, but at the same time also enhances the microbial activities in reactor.


A veritable zoo of different knots is seen in the ensemble of looped polymer chains, whether created computationally or observed in vitro. At short loop lengths, the spectrum of knots is dominated by the trivial knot (unknot). The fractional abundance of this topological state in the ensemble of all conformations of the loop of N segments follows a decaying exponential form, ∼exp(−N/N0), where N0 marks the crossover from a mostly unknotted (i.e., topologically simple) to a mostly knotted (i.e., topologically complex) ensemble. In the present work, we use computational simulation to look closer into the variation of N0 for a variety of polymer models. Among models examined, N0 is smallest (about 240) for the model with all segments of the same length, it is somewhat larger (305) for Gaussian-distributed segments, and can be very large (up to many thousands) when the segment length distribution has a fat power-law tail.


This is the first complete grammar of any of the twenty or so Dogon languages of Mali, West Africa. Its most interesting features are the systematic use of stem-wide tone contour overlays, and of intonational effects, for grammatical purposes, for example, marking the head NP of a relative clause, and expressing 'X and Y' coordination.


The paper examines an especially important and live question for the successful realization of projects, namely the selection of a project manager. There are presented basic sights about the essence of project management, as a totality of activities, and the totality of competencies, necessary for its effective practice. There are outlined the problems, resulting from the combination of these two totalities, as the accent is put upon the difficulties, pursuing the application of competency standards as criteria for managers' selection.


There is no standard chronology in dental eruption given that it varies depending on a range of factors such as race, gender , heredity, nutrition, ethnicity, and socioeconomic conditions. Dental eruption charts are important given that they are used in a wide range of dental fi elds. Objective: To determine the chronology of dental eruption in schoolchildren aged between 6 and 9 years in a population in southeast Mexico. Material and methods: An observational, analytical, prospective, cross-sectional study. The sample comprised 212 schoolchildren aged between 6 and 9 years old from two rural communities in the state of Yucatan: Catmis and Mani. Results: In both sexes, the fi rst tooth to erupt was the lower central incisor. The results revealed that the chronology of dental eruption in the schoolchildren in the population from southeast Mexico was delayed compared to the standards established by Hurme, and early compared to that of a population in Temoaya, Mexico State, with statistically signifi cant differences (p ≤ 0.05) in both comparisons. Conclusions: The values obtained for the chronology of dental eruption in the population from southeast Mexico in the study proved to be delayed compared to those reported in an Anglo-Saxon population and to those reported for a population in central Mexico.


Due to the growing usage of the large size transformers, electric motors, non-linear loads and rectifiers, the power quality has been an important issue. Since the power quality problems generate lots of economic losses, a great deal of research has been conducted to improve the power quality. The dynamic voltage compensation system (DVCS) is a kind of series compensator, which can instantaneously compensate the voltage variation. However, it also has a disadvantage that it can cause the large voltage spike at the initial operation and the large in-rush current due to the matching transformer saturation. In this paper, a new control scheme for the DVCS to improve the power quality is introduced. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme has been verified by the computer simulation as well as the experiment. Since the proposed algorithm only requires one additional current sensor, it dose not increase the system cost. In results, voltage spike and the large in-rush current to the transformer has been reduced si nificantly and the system shows the good performance in compensating the voltage variation.


Human development is a universal phenomenon, characterized by various stages. These stages differ from one culture to the other. Furthermore, each developmental stage tends to bring about expectations that are in accordance with a particular culture. In addition, in each culture there exist problems that are specific to a given stage as well as to the manner in which these problems are resolved. Erikson=s stages of human development are generally regarded as universal. The universal acceptance of Erikson=s stages seems to be based on a study he conducted, involving a variety of cultures. A question that needed to be addressed was whether Erikson=s developmental stages are similar to those which an African child goes through. This study is an attempt to investigate developmental stages of Africans and compare them to those outlined by Erikson. To investigate the developmental stages of an African child and to establish the relationship between Erikson=s stages of development and those of Africans, an exploratory study was conducted among the people of the Bolobedu community in the Limpopo Province, South Africa.


The precision ADC with 16-bit performance is a unique analog-to-digital converter (ADC) found in the SimpleLinkTM MSP432P4 family of MCUs. This ADC provides a host of flexibility without compromising on performance. This application note walks though the different performance corners of the ADC in addition to providing examples for testing these different levels of performance. This will include the software infrastructure to show 16-bit performance as well as low-power (200-ksps, 12-bit) performance and highspeed (1.5-Msps, 8-bit) performance. The software associated with this application report can be downloaded from http://www.ti.com/lit/zip/slaa821.


Wielkopolski alfabet pisarek, the first literary alphabet in Poland devoted to female writing, consists of forty-nine profiles of women authors creating and living in different periods, from the medieval to modern times. A conceptual idea of female authors-editors, namely Ewa Kraskowska and Lucyna Marzec, realizes a feminist idea of locality, in this case, Great Polishness, that is becoming a place of radical opening, but also a dividing line for female writing. A literary image of the region, derived from Wielkopolski alfabet pisarek, show the space of dynamic variety that is not and should not be a destination place of all considerations, but just their beginning.


Results of investigations of the near-eutectic region of copper–phosphorus–2% antimony alloys and of the structure and properties of alloys are presented. The eutectic composition of the alloy is determined, the behaviour of hypoeutectic and hypereutectic alloys is investigated and the application of the hypereutectic optimum composition for obtaining high technological properties of the brazing alloy and quality of brazed joints is described.


The concepts of weakly exponential and spacious groups have been introduced by Hofmann and Mukherjea in [7] where they investigate the density of the image of the exponential function of a Lie group. The question whether being weakly exponential and not being spacious are equivalent has been answered affirmatively by Jaworski in [8]. Weakly exponential groups have also been investigated by Djokovič and Thǎńg in [4] and by Neeb in [12]. These papers contain classifications of simple weakly exponential Lie groups. The present paper deals with a special form of being spacious which we call completely spacious. A Lie group is completely spacious if it possesses an open subsemigroup S which lies in the complement of the exponential image. The motivation for investigation of this question comes from a problem in topological dynamics. We will give a characterization of completely spacious groups which is very similar to the result of Jaworski. He proves that a semisimple Lie group is spacious if and only if the minimal paraboloic subgroups are disconnected. We will prove that a semisimple Lie group is completely spacious if and only if the minimal parabolic subgroups have infinitely many components. 1. Statement of the problem We start with the definitions of the basic concepts. Definition 1.1. A locally compact group G is called spacious, if there exists an open subset U such that U ∩ U = Ø for all n ∈ N. The group is called weakly exponential if the union of all one-parameter subgroups is dense in G. A Lie algebra g is called weakly exponential if there exists a weakly exponential group G with Lie algebra L(G) = g. It is called completely weakly exponential if the corresponding simply connected Lie group is weakly exponential. Finally we call ∗The author gratefully acknowledges the support by the Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung ISSN 0940–2268 / $2.50 C © Heldermann Verlag


The research aimed at improving the students learning motivation using learning cycle model on the multivariable calculus subject. This research belongs to the classroom action research. The research subjects were the students of Mathematics Education Study Program of Purwokerto Muhammadiyah University who took Multivariable Calculus subject.  There were 41 students in this class. The research was done in three cycles, in which every cycle consisted of planning, learning process, observation, and reflection. The instrument used was observation sheet and learning motivation questionnaire. The research showed that the students motivation was in the good category in the first cycle in which the questionnaire average score was 70,9,  meanwhile the score of the second cycle was 71,7, and for the third cycle was 72,4. The result showed that the learning process using cycle learning was succeed to improve the students learning motivation on the multivariable calculus subject.


The invention relates to an upper annular tire tread expansion loop and a method thereof, which are applied to an upper annular tire tread forming machine together. The loop adopts a mechanical type tire tread expansion mechanism to realize the state that an annular tire tread is inflated uniformly along the outer diameter of a tire body, and the inner diameter of the annular tire tread is expanded and stabilized to be more than the outer diameter of the tire body. The loop and the method can improve the accuracy for coaxial sleeve of the annular tire tread and the tire body, and prevent the phenomenon of tire tread deviation. While the annular tire tread is expanded and inflated, local stretching and local deformation are prevented from occurring so as to ensure the sleeving compactness between the annular tire tread and the tire body and improve the integral quality of tire renovation. The expansion loop is mainly provided with an expansion loop body sliding in a reciprocating mode along a bottom sliding seat; and a plurality of support rods which are distributed along the circumference of the ring and in axial connection are arranged on one side at the vertical part of the expansion loop body, while the other side is provided with a driving part which is connected and drives the support rods to move along a radial direction so as to support the annular tire tread.


Objectives:Introduction: Wrestling is a physically demanding sport with young athletes prone to anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. However, there is a paucity of data evaluating the results of ACL reconstruction (ACLR) in this cohort. Purpose: To assess patient-reported outcomes, reoperation rates, graft survival, and return to play (RTP) following ACLR in a large cohort of competitive wrestlers Methods: All competitive wrestlers (high school, collegiate, or professional) with a history of an ACLR at a single institution between 2000 and 2019 were retrospectively identified. Graft failure was defined as a re-tear determined by clinical or advanced imaging evaluation, and/or revision ACL reconstruction. All patients were contacted for determination of reinjury rates, current sport status, visual analog scale (VAS), International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) and Tegner activity scores. Results: 118 knees in 114 wrestlers were included at a median follow-up time of 5.8 years (IQR: 3.6 – 10.3). The median age was 17 years (15 – 18) with 116 (98%) males. ACLR was most often performed with bone-patellar tendon-bone (BTB) autograft (n = 64; 54%) or hamstring tendon (HT) autograft (n = 43; 36%). At final follow-up, 80% of athletes were able to RTP at a median of 273 days (IQR: 203 – 379). Graft failure occurred in 17 (14%) patients at a median time of 1.4 years (IQR: 0.8 – 4.7) after the index ACLR. BTB autograft demonstrated a lower failure rate compared to HT autograft (8% vs. 21%; P = 0.044). Kaplan-Meier survivorship free from graft failure for the entire cohort was 95.3% at 1 year, 92.5% at 2 years, 89.8% at 5 years, 84.6 at 10 years, 77.6 at 20 years. BTB autograft was associated with better survival than HT autograft up to 15 years after the index ACLR (90.4% vs. 76.3%; P = 0.030). Conclusions: Return to competitive wrestling was observed in 80% of athletes after ACLR, with 14% of wrestlers experiencing graft failure. BTB autograft reconstruction may serve as a more durable graft for competitive wrestlers with lower rates of failure when compared to HT autograft even up to 15 years after surgery. Table 1. Baseline Demographic, Clinical, and Operative Data Figure 1. Kaplan-Meier survivorship curve demonstrating progression to graft failure of the entire cohort. Figure 2. Kaplan-Meier curve demonstrating progression to graft failure of each graft type. Figure 3. Kaplan-Meier curve demonstrating progression to graft failure of BTB autograft vs. hamstring autograft


This paper explains the electronic search features contained in the Bernie Keys Library (BKL) disk, providing specific examples of how each one works. It then combines the features to develop two general strategies for conducting literature reviews using the BKL.


In this paper, the number of rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere microbial organisms of fusarium wilt resistant and susceptible watermelon under soil culture and soilless substrate culture was studied by traditional culture methods. The results showed that, the number of rhizoshpere microorganisms was significantly higher than non-rhizosphere, and the number was changed with the stage of watermelon grow, the number was the lowest in seedling stage and increased with the watermelon grow, and achieved highest at the flowering and fruiting stage, decreased with the watermelon ageing. The fusarium wilt resistant of watermelon was correspondence with number of rhizosphere bacteria; the number of rhizosphere bacteria of resistant watermelon was higher than that of susceptible watermelon in each stage under soil culture and soilless culture. The fusarium wilt resistant of watermelon is no correspondence with number of rhizosphere fungi and actinomycete. The number of non-rhizosphere microbial organisms was changed in a small range in the whole growing stage. The non-rhizosphere bacteria have no significant change in the whole stage under soil culture and increased quickly under soilless substrate culture and decreased at the later stage. The non-rhizosphere fungi and actinomycete reached highest at the later stage under soil culture or soilless sub-strate culture.


A multibody dynamics formulation for studying the response of large space structures with interconnected flexible bodies is presented. The use of system modes to model the structural flexibility results in a compact form of the nonlinear equations of motion. Next, the nonlinear control based feedback linearization technique is applied to effectively control the attitude motion of a flexible space platform. Using the original nonlinear dynamics of the multibody system, the controller determines the effort to effectively linearize the system and introduces a linear compensator to achieve the desired output in the presence of structural flexibility of the spacecraft.


The calibration system uses a standard transmissometer to calibrate the transform coefficients of the atmospheric visibility system by aerosol forward-scattering theory.When the structure of the visibility system changed,the transform coefficients may also changes.To guarantee the accuracy measurement and to simplify the calibration process of the visibility system,a correction method for the transform coefficients is presented.The correction system uses two diffusion boards with the same transmission coefficient to diffuse the light that passed the aerosols.The detector of visibility system measures the diffused light which consist the instrumental constant.When the structure of the visibility system changed,the percentage change of the diffused light as a ratio is multiplied by the original transform coefficients to correct the system transform coefficients.


Protection article MULTICONDUCTOR a connector comprising a container containing a gel layer. In one embodiment of the invention, the container can be moved to compress the gel and sealing the connector. In another possible embodiment, the gel layer contains several HOLES that tend to close when the gel is compressed.


In this paper, we consider a supply-chain model consisting of a single product, one supplier, and multiple retailers. Demand at the retailers is random, but stationary. Each retailer places her orders to the supplier according to the well-known ( Q,R) policy. We assume that the supplier has online information about the demand, as well as inventory activities of the product at each retailer, and uses this information when making order/replenishment decisions. We first propose a replenishment policy for the supplier, which incorporates information about the inventory position of the retailers. Then, we provide an exact analysis of the operating measures of such systems. Assuming the inventory/replenishment decisions are made centrally for the system, we compare the performance of our model with those that do not use information in their decision making, namely, systems that use installation stock policies via a numerical experiment. Based on our numerical results, we identify the parameter settings under which information sharing is most beneficial.


This was a presentation to all staff to inform them of the difficulties faced by Students with regards to forced Marriage and Honour Based violence.

Discussed was the difference between 'forced' and 'Arranged' marriages, the Legal perspective and looks carefully at some of the recent high profile cases, one of which the author was involved in personally.


The aim of this study was the repeatibility and reliability assessment of a new cross correlation-based algorithm for the estimation of mean muscle fibers conduction velocity in dynamic exercise. Myoelectric signals were recorded with a 4 electrodes linear surface array from left Vastus Lateralis muscle of 18 cyclist subjects (age 26.2+3.5 years, weight 66.5+7.3 kg, height 1.75+0.06m) pedalling at 70 revolutions per minute on a cycloergometer during an incremental test. Conduction velocity was estimated on one window centered around the signal's root mean square peak for each cycle by means of cross correlation method. According to literature, a normalized value for cross correlation integral ranging from 0.7 and 1 demonstrates the presence of the same phenomenon over two distinct acquisition points. In order to carry out the measurements of conduction velocity from surface signals in dynamic contractions, a special care must be observed in the positioning of analysis window. More strictly it's necessary to place the analysis window on the same portion of pedal cycle for each repetition of cycling gesture. From our experiments, and in agreement with literature, we found a substantial repeatability of root mean square peak position from cycle to cycle. We estimated conduction velocity in -5250 pedal cycles obtaining 93.4% cross correlation normalized values >.7 and a 0.2 m/s root mean square error in estimation value. (4 pages)


Standard treatment of early glottic carcinoma is radiotherapy, but involvement of the anterior commissure leads to a reduced cure rate.1 We investigated retrospectively whether our modified subtotal laryngectomy had improved results for early glottic carcinomas involving the anterior commissure, without causing excessive disability to laryngeal functions.


Yang Lei and Paul Siqueira *Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst,151 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; E-Mail: email@example.com* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: email@example.com;Tel.: +1-413-577-0623; Fax: +1-413-545-4652.Academic Editors: Nicolas Baghdadi and Prasad S. ThenkabailReceived: 5 February 2015 / Accepted: 13 April 2015 / Published: 5 May 2015Abstract: This paper describes an automatic mosaicking algorithm for creating large-scalemosaic maps of forest height. In contrast to existing mosaicking approaches through usingSAR backscatter power and/or InSAR phase, this paper utilizes the forest height estimatesthat are inverted from spaceborne repeat-pass cross-pol InSAR correlation magnitude.By using repeat-pass InSAR correlation measurements that are dominated by temporaldecorrelation, it has been shown that a simplified inversion approach can be utilized to createa height-sensitive measure over the whole interferometric scene, where two scene-widefitting parameters are able to characterize the mean behavior of the random motion anddielectric changes of the volume scatterers within the scene. In order to combine thesesingle-scene results into a mosaic, a matrix formulation is used with nonlinear least squaresand observations in adjacent-scene overlap areas to create a self-consistent estimate offorest height over the larger region. This automated mosaicking method has the benefitof suppressing the global fitting error and, thus, mitigating the "wallpapering" problem inthe manual mosaicking process. The algorithm is validated over the U.S. state of Maine byusing InSAR correlation magnitude data from ALOS/PALSAR and comparing the invertedforest height with Laser Vegetation Imaging Sensor (LVIS) height and National Biomassand Carbon Dataset (NBCD) basal area weighted (BAW) height. This paper serves as acompanion work to previously demonstrated results, the combination of which is meant to


An efficient method for the preparation of 3-acylindoles has been developed, which centres on the palladium-catalyzed regioselective oxidative Heck reaction of N-protected indoles with electron-rich olefins.


IN 10 patients who had hepatic metastases treatment Evidence from clinical assessment, serial liver scans, consisted of a combination of hepatic artery ligation serial bromosulphalein excretion, liver biopsy, and and the administration of 5-fluorouracil by either 5-hydroxyindole-acetic acid excretion suggests that regional or systemic route. ligation of the hepatic artery produces considerable Eight patients survived hepatic artery ligation with necrosis of the hepatic metastases. slight disturbance of liver function. When this treatment was combined with the administration of 5-fluorouracil, a worth-while relief of symptoms was observed in selected patients. * This work will be published in full elsewhere.


Abstract The main factors, including temperature, agitation rate, pH, and particles stuffing rate, were chosen in ethanol fermentation from stalk juice of sweet sorghum using immobilized S. cerevisiae in shaking flasks in order to determine suitable conditions. The results showed that a temperature of 34°C, agitation rate of 150–200 r · min−1, pH of 4.5, and particles stuffing rate of 25% should be selected as the suitable condition. The results of verification experiments at the selected condition demonstrated that the ethanol yield, the CO2 weight loss rate, and fermentation time were 95.15%, 0.508 g · h−1, and 6 h in the shaking flasks, respectively. Meanwhile, the ethanol yield and the fermentation time were 96.72% and 10 h in the 5 L bioreactor. As a result, it could be concluded that the determined condition was suitable and reasonable for ethanol fermentation from by immobilized S. cerevisiae.


Giant Magnetic-Impedance(GMI) has been observed in Co-based amorphous and Fe-based nanocrystalline.Close attention has been paid to it by scholars in lots of countries,since their great promising prospects in the application of sensor technology and magnetic recording technology.In order to research the mechanism of GMI effect and further develop applications,we designed a GMI measurement system based on virtual instrumentation,The experiment shows that the system is satisfied the demands of GMI detection for various materials.


This review aims to help practitioners positioning central venous catheters (CVCs) in paediatric patients to make informed decisions about the site, insertion technique, type of catheter to use, and care of the CVC. Peer reviewed. (Submitted: 2012-04-17. Accepted: 2012-08-23.) © SASA South Afr J Anaesth Analg 2012;18(5):249-253 Review Article: The where, what and how of paediatric central venous access 25


Dynamic Brain Imaging: Multi-Modal Methods and In Vivo Applications. Edited by F. Hyder. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press/Springer, 2009. ISBN: 978-1-934115-74-9. 366 pages, 107 illustrations. Price (hardcover): USD 99.00, EUR 66.95


With this issue, we introduce a new look for the Journal. The new design reflects our continuing effort to improve many aspects of the Journal. This redesign was not undertaken lightly and required...


This paper describes how new benchmarking concepts can be applied to different aspects of process control performance assessment. Three general levels of benchmarking concepts for process and industrial control applications are introduced and defined: economic process, technical process and control loop benchmarking. The concepts of technical process and control loop benchmarking are demonstrated using the finishing mill in the hot strip steel rolling process. The example for technical process benchmarking is that of the control of load distribution on a hotstrip finishing mill. The example for control loop benchmarking is the multivariable control of the interstand looper in the finishing mill.


The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for generating and printing of personalized printed matter. Allows an inexperienced user in the search based on the search term arrangement concept of personal information, wherein the information obtained here can be automatically adapted to the range of printed matter determined by the user in advance. User does not have knowledge of the database structure or the retrieval program algorithm in detail, the arrangement can be selected from a plurality of segments having individual books. The present invention is particularly useful in the field of professional books, as has been a wide range of scientific and technical data stored in an electronically readable database. Another application of the invention is a layout art field selected segments or produce personal travel guide.


This article focused on the challenges of teaching the Russian language as a foreign language at elementary level on individual basis with expatriates-employees of foreign corporations working in Russia. The article discusses in detail the characteristics of this student category and analyzes the differences between the individual classes of the teacher of Russian as a foreign language with expatriate students, from working with students in a group. Meanwhile, there has been an attempt to substantiate a new approach to teaching this group of students, which by many criteria it should differ significantly from the traditional approach to teaching Russian as a foreign language, presented in modern textbooks for foreigners. Considering the information findings, teachers have to create their own teaching materials that cannot replace a professionally created textbook. Undoubtedly, this complicates the work of the teacher, slows down the learning process, and does not stimulate the students to work on classes.


This collection of papers presented at a 1996 conference on children's mental health focuses on the child welfare system. The five papers have the following titles and authors: (1) "A Controlled Study of Foster Children with Emotional/Behavioral Disturbances: Equivalence of Groups across Characteristics" (Barbara Lee and others); (2) "Impact of an Experimental Foster Care Intervention on Emotional and Behavioral Adjustment: Examination of Preliminary Outcomes Using Growth Curve Analysis" (Mark R. Rose and others); (3) "Examining the Nature of the Independent Variable in a Controlled, Wraparound Foster Care Study: What Worked and Why?" (L. Adlai Boyd and others); (4) "The Characteristics of Urban Children and Families Served by Child Welfare Agencies: The Satellite Family Outreach Program" (Jennifer Soderlund and others); and (5) "Mental Health Screening in Foster Care: A Model for Community-Based Service Delivery and Research in Baltimore" (Grady Dale, Jr. and others). (DB) ******************************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ********************************************************************************


The spatial distribution of biomolecules (BMs) within cells and tissues is often a significant determinant of biological / physiological function. Thus, its assessment is not only a ubiquitous feature in the life sciences but also a vital component in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of many pathologies. This typically entails microscopic imaging of fluorescently labeled biomolecules within biological specimens and analysis and interpretation of the resulting images. This is accomplished by methods ranging from qualitative visual assessment of representative images to colocalization analysis, which quantifies the superposition of immunosignals corresponding to co-labeled BMs. These commonly employed approaches have several key limitations. The selection and visual assessment of representative images is subjective and highly susceptible to bias. And, although quantitative, conventional colocalization analysis is susceptible to variations between fluorophores, and oversimplifies complex spatial distributions of BMs into a single numerical index of signal superposition.[1] It provides no information about non-superimposed signals, and thus, lacks the sensitivity and selectivity to capture intra- and inter-individual variability or discern subtle forms of biological remodeling, as occurs in the early stages of disease. Here, we present a novel, high-throughput image analysis pipeline, called Morphological Object Localization (MOL), for comprehensive, quantitative spatial localization of BM signals relative to each other as well as structural landmarks from fluorescence microscopy data. This tool offers a quick and user-friendly alternative to current approaches with unprecedented capabilities for quantitative assessment of cell / tissue structure. Our pipeline was built around and validated using 3D, high resolution confocal microscopy images of isolated cardiomyocytes with messenger RNA (mRNA) for


The breakdown characteristic through a narrow discharge tube, such as a plasma tube of gas lasers, is different from that between parallel electrodes given by Paschen's law. The physical modelling of the gas breakdown process in a narrow tube is established based on Townsend discharge theory. This kind of breakdown process can be divided into two stages. The first one is the changing process of the guiding electrical field of wall charges formed by the deposition of charged particles from the avalanche, and the second one is the electron avalanche process through the whole discharge tube. From the physical modelling mentioned above, the parameters just before breakdown and the breakdown characteristic through a narrow discharge tube will be analysed theoretically. It can be seen that the breakdown potential is dependent not only on the pressure, the tube length, and the species of gas but also on the diameter of the discharge tube. Finally, the calculated results are compared with the experimental results and the errors are discussed.


good business environment, because business igeria is widely acknowledged as a country with environment is a public good. In Nigeria, this Ngreat (albeit unrealized) potential to become a responsibility is shared between the federal, state and major player in the global economy. One vivid sign of local governments. On its part, the private sector and unrealized potential is the inability to translate huge civil society have important role to advocate and crude oil earnings into international economic holding government accountable for good business competitiveness that will guarantee sustainable growth, environment. employment creation and poverty reduction. After a


The secretory rates of progesterone and pregn-4-en-20α-ol-3-one (20α-OH P) in ovarian venous blood were investigated in various reproductive states of individual rats. In rats with 4-day estrous cycles, 2 peaks of progestin secretion were observed, one in the evening of proestrum and another during early diestrum. The progesterone level in the evening of proestrum was twice that during early diestrum. The level of progesterone in pseudopregnant animals increased to day 6, and then declined by day 13. During pregnancy venous blood progesterone was higher than in pseudopregnancy. By day 11, the progesterone level had reached a plateau higher than the maximum level in rats with both uterine horns traumatized. This plateau was followed by a further increase by day 14. After parturition, an increase in 20α- OH P was observed, while progesterone declined. In pseudopregnant rats which were hysterectomized on day 5, progesterone values obtained at various stages were greater than those obtained from pseudopregnan...


Early marriage is highly prevalent in Bangladesh. Early marriage tends to increased fertility resulting in high population growth. It is important to identify the various social and cultural factors influencing age at first marriage as well as completed fertility. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors that have some contributions to raise the age at marriage of females vis-a-vis fertility decline in two different periods using the data from Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) 2007. Descriptive statistics have been used to describe the distribution for background characteristics of the couples. Poisson regression model has been employed to study the impact of several covariates on completed fertility. The study tends to confirm that overall mean age at first` marriage of rural Bangladeshi woman is only about 15 years. Marriage cohort analysis of the respondents suggests that mean age at first marriage among most recent cohort is more than 1 year higher compared to the cohort that completed their reproductive age. Independent χ2-test statistic reveals that respondent's education, access to mass media, religion, husband`s education, place of residence, husband`s occupation, respondent`s working status and region have highly significant impact on age at first marriage. Poisson regression analysis shows that completed fertility significantly varies between two cohorts in different divisions. Muslim women have more children compared to other religions. Women living in urban area, educated and employed women, tend to have lower completed fertility. Keyword: Age at marriage, completed fertility, poisson regression, cohort analysis, media exposed


Asparagus,sweet,bitter,cold,lung kidney,with Yin Runzao,Qingfei fluid effect.In recent years,ASP value gradually recognized by the market.On the traditional Chinese medicine,chemical constituents,medicinal asparagus differential pharmacological analysis analysis.


Membrane tubes are essential structural features in cells that facilitate biomaterial transport and inter- and intracellular signalling. The shape of these tubes can be regulated by the proteins that surround and adhere to them. We study the stability of a biomembrane tube coated with proteins by combining linear stability analysis, out-of-equilibrium hydrodynamic calculations, and numerical solutions of a Helfrich-like membrane model. Our analysis demonstrates that both long and short-wavelength perturbations can destabilise the tubes. Numerical simulations confirm the derived linear stability criteria and yield the nonlinearly-perturbed vesicle shapes. Our study highlights the interplay between membrane shape and protein density, where the shape instability concurs with a redistribution of proteins into a banded pattern.


Comment #3 Referee #1 I have one comment about the issue of spatial resolution: The GETA 2.0 database provides point information, the climate forcings and therefore predictor variables from NCC are available at 1◦ resolution. The LC rasters have a 5' resolution. So in fact the LMMing is in principle providing 1◦ estimates, but that are disaggregated by the 5' LC rasters (with the problem described at p12110 L16-27, but that is o.k.). I think this aspect is important (as is stated by the authors,) but I feel it should be included as a statement/information more dominantly also in the abstract and conclusion part.


Objective To observe the effects of controlled hypotension by using sodium nitropruss (SNP) with urapidil (Ura) and Metprolol (Met) in operation of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA).Methods 45 children with PDA,via left thoracotomies,were anesthetized by using propofol,fentanyl,isoflurane and vecuronium.Patients were additively injected Ura intravenously during incision and thoractomy.Blood pressure (BP) came into descent during separating PDA,and MAP (mean arterial pressure) maintained at 40~45 mmHg after using SNP 2~5(g/kg/min) during operative closure of PDA.After the closure of PDA,stop using isoflurane and decreasing the dose of SNP,the BP got back gradually.Results Controlled hypotensions of all patients were up to targets.Average duration from the start of anesthesia to the end of operation was (3.8±0.3)hours.The doses of propofol,fentanyl,Ura,Met and SNP were 13~14 mg/kg,15~20 mg/kg,0.5~0.7 mg/kg,0.14~0.16 mg/kg and 0.4~0.45 mg/kg,respectively.6 cases were extubated at operating room.All patients were cured and discharged without anesthesia complication.Conclusion Under the anesthesia of propofol,fentanyl with little dose of isoflurane,the controlled hypotension of SNP combining with Ura,Met can surely content operative closure of PDA.


The Madurese ethnic group has a cultural tradition called bhâkalan (engagement), a process prior to one's marriage. This study aims to describe communication strategies by the group in the region of Tapal Kuda in the bhâkalan process. The method used to achieve the research objectives was the ethnography of communication. The data were collected through participant observations, interviews, recording, and documentation study. The data trustworthiness was enhanced by triangulation. The data were transcribed and then analyzed by pragmatic, stylistic and speech component theories. The findings show that regarding communication strategies in the bhâkalan process, a Pangadâ' (messenger) uses a variety of BM E-E, BM È-B as the implementation of the politeness principle and BM Ê-I as a strategy to support the cooperative principle to make the interlocutor who has long been known more intimate. The indirect rhetoric style in the form of metaphors using plants, animals, and wind is also used as a communication strategy in the bhâkalan process.


Polyperinaphthalenic organic semiconductor (PPNOS) nano-particles are prepared by excimer laser ablation (ELA) of a 3, 4, 9, 10-perylenettracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) target using XeCl excimer laser beams. Heterojunctions of the films consisting of nano-particles of PPNOS with Si wafers are fabricated. Well rectifier property is obtained for the junction of the PPN with a n-Si substrate. Current versus voltage curves of the heterojunction in the dark and under illumination show that the junction is promising as a photovoltaic cell. Furthermore, the films are applied to anode electrodes for ultra thin rechargeable Li ion batteries. In-situ Raman spectroscopy of the films under lithium ion doping and undoping is performed to elucidate the storage mechanism of lithium ion at cis-polyacetylene-type (phenanthrene-edge) of PPN structure.


In order to ascertain the universality class of the long‐range metallic spin glass Cu:Mn, extensive measurements of the longitudinal component of the zero‐field‐cooled (Mzfc) and field‐cooled (Mfc) magnetization have been made. Measurements were made in both bulk Cu:Mn and Cu:Mn/Cu multilayer films in magnetic fields between 2 and 15 000 G. Mean field calculations of a Heisenberg spin glass with weak Dyzaloshinskii–Moriya‐type anisotropy predict Ising‐like behavior at low fields crossing over to Heisenberg behavior in high fields. Evidence consistent with crossover behavior in the transition temperature Tg (where Tg is defined by the onset of strong irreversibility in the magnetization, Mirr = Mfc − Mzfc) was observed at fields similar to previous magnetic‐field‐dependent studies. From the low‐field extrapolation of Tg to H=0, the zero‐field Ising‐like transition temperature was obtained while from the high‐field extrapolation to H=0 the zero‐field Heisenberg transition temperature was obtained, the latte...


s of Contributed Papers 185 A non-inductive definition for a regular polytope, H. S. M. Coxeter 185 An algorithmic solution to a word problem in group theory, N. S. Mendelsohn 186 A generalization of Taylor se r ies and Newton interpolation of entire functions, D. Sato 187 Regular polygons over Galois fields, B. M. Puttaswamaiah and G. de B. Robinson . . . . 188 Boolean geometry of p r ings , R. A. Melter 189 Invited Lectures 191 Equal sums of like powers, E. M. Wright 193 The algebra of dimension-linking opera tors , R. H. Bruck 203 Mathematics in Poland today, K. Kuratowski . . . . 223 The training of secondary school teachers in the Federal Republic of Germany, G. Pickert 233


This essay presents philosophical interpretations and re-interpretations of the hysteria case of Freud's patient, Ida Bauer (also known as Dora). The author looks closely at the attempts to give hysteria meaning by feminists such as Maria Ramas, Toril Moi, Helene Cixous or Catherine Clement. These trials to use hysteria as an instrument for the feminine freedom reveal the gaps in classic Freudian interpretations, while at the same time raising a lot of questions.


To assess the risk of teratogenicity from maternal intake of the more widely used newer antiepileptic drugs, especially lamotrigine, levetiracetam and topiramate.


In the latest decades, the «Will it last?» question about parliamentary governments has received a growing attention by political scientists. However, only a few studies focus on the Italian case, and scholars have not found a satisfactory interpretation for the huge differences characterizing the transition from the First to the Second Italian Republic yet. In this work, I assume that this interpretation deals with the linkages between institutional opportunities and constraints, parties' power relations and their strategic behaviour. This, in turn, depends on the «shadow of the past» characterizing each party decision and on future expectations that those parties rationally shape. The more these opportunities and constraints set up a condition in which majority parties perceive themselves as ruling the country only temporary, the more those parties are stimulated not to modify that (fickle) equilibrium. In other words, today more than before, parties sustaining governments have the incentive to avoid crises whose outcomes are more uncertain than they used to be in the past.


This is a descriptive research conducted on 143 junior nursing students using PANAS to get basic data for intervention program checking emotional state before child nursing practicum. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 19.0, the positive affects were significantly higher in males than in females but the negative affects were reversed. Multiple regression analysis to identify factors affecting positive and negative affects showed the negative affects were influenced by sex, while the positive ones were by satisfaction in major, personality type, motive of admission, and types of hospital. The explanatory rate of these variables on the positive and negative affects were 22.8% and 7.8%, respectively. Emotional intervention program before child nursing practicum is necessary through implementing qualitative researches identifying the causes of negative affects before child nursing practicum of nursing students. Also, it is recommended the experimental studies comparing emotional states before and after child nursing practicum and other subjects'.


Abstract : Method for measuring surface roughness of optical blocks is taught even if the block is a transparent substrate. The amount of false scattering observed is minimized with the use of a detection telescope using a moveable aperture and an image plane sufficient in size to pass the image of the illuminating spot. Incident angle of light is at least 45 degrees. A viewing angle greater than 20 degrees from the specular of the illuminating light is also recommended for peak efficiency. The transparent substrate could be mounted in black pitch to reduce the amount of bottom scatter present. (Author)


Abstract Pressure broadening of rotational transitions in the nitric oxide fundamental band was studied using Fourier transform spectroscopy. Rotational level dependent broadening coefficients were determined for both the 2 Π 1/2 and 2 Π 3/2 substates at 300 K using the five noble gases as the broadening species. Pressure broadening coefficients were also determined for Q -branch transitions using Ar as the collision partner. This information was subsequently used to study the broadening of the Q -branch absorption lines at 900 Torr total pressure. The high-pressure spectra showed significant deviations from a simple fit using a sum of Lorentzians that indicated the possible effects of line coupling.


I investigate the relationship between gender ideology and the affective meanings (evaluation, potency, and activity) of married and cohabiting individuals' self-identities and partner-identities. Gender ideology is generally unrelated to self- and partner-meanings; this finding supports a homogeneity hypothesis, which predicts that individuals' gender ideology will not significantly override the ongoing effects of socialization into gendered identities. The main exception to the homogeneity hypothesis is a relationship between gender ideology and individuals' view of their partners' activity as a mother or father. Specifically, liberal women consider their spouses and partners more active as parents than do conservative women, and liberal men consider their spouses and partners less active as parents than do conservative men.


Phase behavior is studied in erbium-doped Y3 Al5 O12 (YAG) garnets synthesized by solid-state reactions. High resolution synchrotron XRD and SEM-EDX studies reveal phase separation at an erbium content between 8 and 50 at%, depending upon the processing conditions. Similar results are found in closely-related garnet systems. The phase separation has a striking effect on the optical properties of YAG:Er(3+) .


Interference management techniques like inter-cell interference coordination (ICIC) will play a key role in enabling high spectral efficiency in future wireless OFDMA-based cellular systems. The aim of ICIC is to lower inter-cell interference by coordinating the usage of spectrum resources among neighboring cells. Especially for the cell-edge users, avoiding the reuse of the same resources in neighboring cells yields a significant increase in SINR and thus capacity. In this paper, we consider decentralized ICIC schemes for the uplink of an LTE system in which base stations perform selfish resource allocation decisions. System level simulations in a multi-cell scenario show the convergence of the distributed schemes towards Nash equilibria. The mean cell throughput as well as the 5% CDF user throughput are compared to those achieved by frequency reuse 1 and 3 deployments. The simulation results show that the proposed schemes adapt well to varying uniform and especially non-uniform traffic loads. I. INTRODUCTION


[1] We investigated a coronal magnetic configuration including a semicircular flux rope with two ends anchored in the photosphere. The background field is produced by two source regions on the photosphere. We study the evolution of this configuration in response to the gradual change in the background field, which is modeled by varying either the strength of the source or the distance between the source regions on the photosphere. Our results indicate that the evolution due to the change in source strength shows the likelihood of catastrophic loss of equilibrium, and that the evolution due to the change in the distance is smooth and does not manifest any tendency to lose equilibrium. In the former case, the current sheet starts developing fairly early; it forms even before the evolution reaches the maximum current state. We notice that the effect of the curvature of flux rope on the evolution of the system is significant, such that the equilibrium curve does not form a cusp-catastrophic structure but a simple fold-catastrophic structure even if the evolution is ideal MHD and a current sheet attached to the boundary surface occurs. The curvature strengthens the magnetic compression between the flux rope and the photosphere and makes the loss of equilibrium easier. However, the question of how the system behaves after the loss of equilibrium is still open since the flux rope is not likely to remain semicircular at the stage of fast evolution.


Aiming at the high voltage circuit breaker three-phase permanent magnet brushless DC motor, this paper studies the motion characteristics of the motor operating mechanism under different control strategies. Considering the switching operation process of high voltage circuit breaker, we established the permanent magnet brushless DC motor operating mechanism motion simulation model of the control system. It was controlled by the digital double closed loop and the inner is current loop, where a PI controller is adopted. The outer ring is speed ring, which was controlled by two different control strategies, the traditional PID controller and single neuron PID controller. Through the simulation analysis of servo control system, the tracking control performance of the motor operating mechanism is obtained. The results show that the single neuron PID controller can achieve better tracking control of the contact speed, making it moving by the ideal motion characteristic curve. It is an ideal and effective control method.


: In order to improve the early age strength of ordinary Portland cement-based materials, many early strength agents were applied in di ff erent conditions. Di ff erent from previous research, the nano calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) particles used in this study were synthesized through the chemical reaction of CaO, SiO 2 , and H 2 O under 120 ◦ C using the hydrothermal method, and the prepared nano C-S-H particles were highly crystalized. The influences of di ff erent amounts of nano C-S-H particles (0%, 0.5%, 1%, 2% and 3% by weight of cement) on the setting time, compressive strength, and hydration heat of cement paste were studied. The hydration products and microstructure of the cement paste with di ff erent additions of nano C-S-H particles were investigated through thermogravimetry-di ff erential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), X-ray powder di ff raction (XRD), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) tests. The results show that the nano C-S-H particles could be used as an early strength agent, and the early strength of cement paste can be increased by up to 43% through accelerating the hydration of tricalcium silicate (C 3 S). However, the addition of more than 2% nano C-S-H particles was unfavorable to the later strength development due to more space being left during the initial accelerated hydration process. It is suggested that the suitable content of the nano C-S-H particles is 0.5% − 1% by weight of cement. 1%, 2%, and 3% nano C-S-H 1.87%, 1.98%, 2.07%, 1.94%, and 1.98%, respectively. At the age of 28 days, the losses at the location of the first peak (4.6%) location of Ca(OH) 2 (2.0%) were almost the same for different paste samples, that their TG curves were similar to each other. The loss rate in curves is consistent with that in the DTA diagram. These results show that at the early ages (1 and 7 days), the C-S-H particles the formation of Ca(OH) 2 , which is the hydration product from C 3 S at early age. As it is that the formation of Ca(OH) is associated with the new C-S-H the nano C-S-H particles also the formation of C-S-H gel. At the age (28 days), the effect of nano C-S-H particles on the hydration products is not very significant. From the compressive strength results at 28 days, the different strength the of the hydration methodology, J.W. and Y.W.; formal analysis, Y.W., H.H. and H.L.; investigation, H.L. and H.H.; writing—original draft preparation, H.L., J.W. and Y.W.; writing—review and editing, J.W. and Y.W.; supervision, J.W. and Y.W.; project administration, J.W. and Y.W.; funding acquisition, Y.W.


hree child actors from British director Danny Boyle's Slumdog Millionaire (henceforth Slumdog, 2008) walked the red carpet at the Kodak Theater in Los Angeles for the Oscar ceremony on 22 February 2009. The celebrated feel-good film about a boy from the slums of Mumbai, India, swept the Oscars. It won in eight categories, taking home the award for best motion picture and best director of the year. It was a picture-postcard moment for the triumphant promise of transnationality in cinema. By way of pitching for its success and explaining its timeliness, Fox Searchlight, one of Slumdog's distributors collaborating with producer Warner Bros. in the United States and Celador Films and Film4 of the UK, pronounced Slumdog "Obama-like" in its "message of hope in the face of difficulty" (Lim). On Oscar night Slumdog's six young actors were undoubtedly an unusual presence. They look wonderful in a photograph that tempts us with the seductive neoliberal promise of egalitarianism. Equally and in an opposite way, it tempts us to distance ourselves from the machinery of fame, putting at risk the potentially breakthrough desire to make structures malleable to change. Celebrity culture thrives on voyeuristic self-validation and disenchantment as configurations of feelings to attach to narratives of a personality's ascent to fame and disappearance into oblivion. I want to track these emotive configurations surrounding Slumdog's child actors as a series of disjunctures around the idea of celebrity across the contexts of the United States, the UK, and India. Disjuncture is Arjun Appadurai's word to rethink the world outside the center-periphery model, as an irregular scalar global landscape of connections and difference across the realms of economy, culture, and politics. The film and its child stars animated debates that expressed links between communities and disjunctures within nations. Slumdog Celebrities Priya jaikumar


Geographers have been engaging with landscape since the beginning of the modern discipline of geography. A series of concurrent turns have taken place in human geography in recent years that are influencing the ways in which geographers approach landscape. We take forward new material, decolonial, and creative shifts in the discipline to reimagine landscape. Landscape is a geographical concept that has historically excluded a range of other voices and perspectives. To build a radically inclusive agenda for landscape research in geography, we put forward a generative conceptualisation of landscape that brings together (i) materiality; (ii) decoloniality; and (iii) creativity.


The aim of the present article is to analyse the influence of the factor "text type" on reading comprehension in French as a Foreign Language, in the light of recent research in Psycholinguistics. Reading is a competence that subjects know in their own language; that is why we study first the influence of text type in French as a mother tongue, to analyse it then as a Foreign Language. We show some conclusions about the actual state of this subject, and also some paths through which, in our opinion, investigation should progress.


Based on multi-scale space filtering and two levle l1 norm nearest neighbor,a lesion type recognition algorithm of mammograms was proposed in this paper.Firstly,the multi-scale salience feature images were obtained using multi-scale space filtering,then the coarse detection binary image of microcalcifications was induced using microcalcifications threshold method based on human visual model,and the false-positive microcalcification points was removed by l1 norm nearest-neighbor(l1 NN) classifier.Finally,the feature information of microcalcification clusters was extracted to determine the microcalcification clusters type(benign or malignant) using the l1 norm nearest-neighbor classifier again.Simulation experiment results demonstrated that the proposed microcalcification clusters detection algorithm could detect the suspicious microcalcifications effectively and identify the lesion automatically from the mammograms.


Electro discharge drilling (EDD) is a non-contact machining process which capable of producing holes of high aspect ratio, thus improving overall productivity and reducing the cycle time. It is a hybrid machining process which combines electric discharge machining (EDM) and drilling of electrically conducting hard materials..In the present study rice husk ash (RHA) particles have been incarnated in aluminium metal matrix by stir casting process. The RHA reinforced in aluminium matrix increases the mechanical properties and decrease the density of the composite material. This study investigates machinability of AA6063/ 5% RHA metal matrix composite using modified EDD set up with the help of Taguchi's Design of Experiments (DoE) methodology. L18 orthogonal array is used in Taguchi optimization technique. The process parameters that have been considered as control factors are peak current, pulse ON time, gap voltage and electrode rotation. Electrode tool geometry with conical and circular shape has been considered as noise factor. The performance measures that have been selected are material removal rate (MRR), tool wear rate (TWR) and diametric overcut (DOC). The main aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of the tool electrode geometry and rotation of tool electrode on the performance measures. It has been analyzed that electrode tool geometry plays major role in the increase of material removal rate (MRR) followed by electrode tool rotation, peak current, pulse on time and gap voltage High improvement in material removal rate has been observed due to effective flushing capability due to rotary effect of electrode. TWR decreases in an inverse relation with pulse on time. Peak current has high significant role on DOC because with increase in peak current DOC also get increases. Furthermore, conical shape tool electrode most prominently affects the MRR and TWR amongst all of the parameters.


OBJECTIVES:Episodic (acute) type C hepatic encephalopathy (AHE) fails to respond to 5 days of medical therapy in 10–30% of patients and carries a 10–30% mortality rate. We prospectively studied extracorporeal liver support for AHE failing to respond to medical therapy to assess its safety and efficacy and the role of anticoagulation.METHODS:A series of patients with cirrhosis and AHE failing to respond to at least 24 h of medical therapy underwent a maximum of three 6-h charcoal-based hemodiabsorption (Liver Dialysis Unit) treatments. A standard anticoagulation protocol, with heparin dosing based on activated clotting time (ACT) determinations, heparin dose–response curve, and target ACT of 275–300 s, was developed. Therapy was terminated if patients met a predetermined clinical response, deteriorated, or underwent transplantation.RESULTS:Eighteen patients with grade 2–4 AHE despite 5.9 ± 3.9 days of medical therapy underwent a mean of 1.6 treatments. In 2.6 ± 1.9 days, 16 patients (88.9%) improved to less than grade 2 HE or achieved at least a 50% hepatic encephalopathy index (HEI) reduction. Median mental status (grade 2 vs 1, p < 0.05) and HEI (0.634 ± 0.194 vs 0.363 ± 0.263, p < 0.005) improved significantly. Survival was 94.4% and 72.2% at 5 and 30 days, respectively. Use of our developed anticoagulation protocol resulted in less platelet (14.2% ± 2.8% vs 32.5% ± 5.8%, p < 0.005) and fibrinogen consumption (12.1% ± 3.5% vs 43.3% ± 8.6%, p < 0.0005) and blood product use (6.2 ± 1.8 vs 19.0 ± 5.6 units, p < 0.05) compared with treatments according to manufacturer's guidelines.CONCLUSIONS:Charcoal-based hemodiabsorption treatments in which a standardized anticoagulation protocol is used is safe and effective treatment for AHE not responding to standard medical therapy.