The biostratigraphy and sedimentology of the late Tournaisian, Waulsortian buildups of the type area, at Waulsort (Belgium), are examined in detail. Four buildups are present. Overall, they span the stratigraphic interval from the base of the Ivorian stage to the lower part of the Moliniacian stage, ending just below the base of the Visian. Petrographic study shows that all Waulsortian Phases are represented, the older buildups being of Phases A and B, whereas the youngest ranges through Phases A to D. The relatively crude Phase classification is refined by correspondence analysis, which shows that the grain types present in the Waulsortian and associated limestones conform closely to the relay (systematic shift of relative importance of grain types) described from other Waulsortian buildups in Belgium. A Relay Index, derived from the correspondence analysis and defining the position of each sample in the compositional relay, is plotted on stratigraphic logs of the sections studied to allow detailed comparison with other Waulsortian and peri-Waulsortian sections in the Dinant area for which similar curves already exist. The Waulsort buildups are found to fit closely into the depositional and palaeobathymetric patterns established or suspected in the area. Two shallowing upward sequences seem to be present, separated by an abrupt deepening. The earlier, relatively minor shallowing trend, in the Polygnathus communis carina Zone, is here recorded in buildup facies for the first time: previous evidence had come from the laterally equivalent facies. The other shallowing trend, which extends through the Scaliognathus anchoralis Zone and culminates near the base of the Moliniacian stage, is the regional, late Tournaisian regression which had a major influence on the biota of the Waulsortian banks in Belgium and was probably largely responsible for cessation of bank growth over most of the area.


A catalyst system comprising (i) a supported chromium catalyst comprising chromium oxide and a support containing silica comprising silica having a pore volume of 2.4 to 3.7 cm3 / g and a surface area from 410 to 620 m2 / g; wherein said supported chromium catalyst is activated at 400 to 860 ° C; and, (ii) an organoaluminum compound; wherein said organoaluminum compound is an alkoxide compound of aluminum alkyl, which is a compound having the general formula R2-Al-OR, where R can be any alkyl group of one to twelve carbons, and OR is an alkoxy group phenoxy or one to twelve carbons wherein the R groups may be the same or different.


As plant engineers scrutinize the energy requirements of their plants, they must eventually confront the costs associated with maintaining a comfortable working environment. These costs are especially high for buildings erected before energy became a high-priced commodity. The reduction of heating (or cooling) loads in a plant is naturally tied to improved control of heat flow in and out of the building. In any given building envelope, regulating the flow of heat can be achieved by providing barriers that retain heat. Insulation materials are designed to retain this heat in the building. The focus of this article is on the current state of the art in building insulation technology. Insulation materials and systems are described according to their application characteristics for reference and selection by the specifying plant engineer.


Prof. Evert J. Dorhout Mees, Nephrology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Ege University Hospital, Bornova, Izmir (Turkey) Dear Sir, It has been established recently that intestinal aluminium absorption, which is normally very low, can be increased by simultaneous ingestion of citrate [1]. This effect, due to the well-known ability of citrate to form soluble complexes, may result in aluminium intoxication [2]. Two years ago, Hewitt et al. [3] called attention to this danger. It may however not be generally recognized that nearly all effervescent tablets contain citric acid. Most patients with chronic renal disease consume calcium supplements, which are often taken in the form of attractive and palatable calcium effervescent tablets, because the much cheaper calcium carbonate is not commercialised as such. As these patients often will be prescribed aluminium hydroxyde as well for phosphate binding, there is considerable chance that both drugs will be consumed simultaneously, of which the physician may not be aware. This interaction probably explains the varying incidence of aluminium intoxication and the failure to usually find any relationship with the amount of aluminium consumed. We therefore feel a serious warning is warranted, particularly since the fact that effervescent tablets contain citric acid is not always mentioned on the prescription. There are also reasons to give attention to other inadvertent ways of citrate ingestion, like soft drinks, in patients being prescribed aluminium hydroxide medication. References Slanina P, Resch W, Ekstrom LG, Loof L, Slorach S, Cedergren HA: Dietary citric acid enhances absorption of aluminium in antacids. Clin Chem 1986;32:539-541. Bakir AA, Hryhorczuk DO, Berman E, Dunea G: Acute fatal hyperaluminemic encaphalopathy in undialysed and recently dialysed uremic patients. Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs 1986;32:171-176. Hewitt CD, Poole DL, Westerwelt FB JR, Savory J, Wills MR: Risks of simultaneous therapy with oral aluminium and citrate compounds. Lancet 1988 ;ii: 849.


Motivation is a well-researched construct; this study has investigated how students perceive and make sense of situations in which learners are motivated to learn. 50 sophomores of Law College in Shenzhen University were surveyed to reveal their perceptions of student motivation. Three variables (English level, hometown, and gender) were used to explain why motivation varies among students. Pedagogical and research implications are suggested in response to students'perceptions of motivation.


The influence of polymers upon building materials has been present since ancient times, but it was neglected for a long period. The present research discusses the effect of natural organic polymers (casein, rice, egg) in the formula of classical plastering according to the experimental research aiming at finding out the water absorption coefficient and the softening coefficient. The main objective of this work lies in identifying the most performance-related natural polymer which can determine the most efficient impermeability that can lead to the best values for the plaster mortar formula.


The invention discloses a method for problem analysis, matching and dispatching for an online game. The method is applied to an online game system; the online game system comprises a question and answer server and a plurality of user terminal equipment; each user terminal equipment is capable of transmitting one kind of problem information to the question and answer server; in addition, the question and answer server is internally provided with a central processing unit, a key work database, a label database and a user database; the central processing unit is respectively connected with the key work database, the label database and the user database; after receiving the problem information, the central processing unit is used for judging whether the problem information contains at least one key word in the key word database at first, reading a corresponding attribute label from the label database and judging whether the user database contains a user account in accordance wit the attribute label if the at least one key word is contained in the key word database, and finally transmitting the problem information to the user terminal equipment of the user account in accordance with the attribute label; and accordingly, a problem proposed by a questioner can be automatically and instantaneously transmitted to other players, and the answer accuracy rate of the problem is greatly increased.


Attackers take advantage of any security breach to penetrate an organisation perimeter and exploit hosts as stepping stones to reach valuable assets, deeper in the network. The exploitation of hosts is possible not only when vulnerabilities in commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) software components are present, but also, for example, when an attacker acquires a credential on one host which allows exploiting further hosts on the network. Finding attacks involving the latter case requires the ability to represent dynamic models. In fact, more dynamic aspects are present in the network domain such as attackers accumulate resources (i.e. credentials) along an attack, and users and assets may move from one environment to another, although always constrained by the ruling of the network. In this paper we address these dynamic issues by presenting MsAMS (Multi-step Attack Modelling and Simulation), an implemented framework, based on Mobile Ambients, to discover attacks in networks. The idea of ambients fits naturally into this domain and has the advantage of providing flexibility for modelling. Additionally, the concept of mobility allows the simulation of attackers exploiting opportunities derived either from the exploitation of vulnerable and non-vulnerable hosts, through the acquisition of credentials. It also allows expressing security policies embedded in the rules of the ambients.


The performance of an endoscopy typically involves the introduction by an endoscopist of a flexible endoscopic system into the gastrointestinal (GI) tract [1]. A conventional endoscope is composed of a flexible shaft, a bending section, and a control body. During the endoscopy procedure, the endoscope is inserted with the aim of achieving a complete examination of the GI tract through manipulating the flexible shaft and steering the bending section using knobs on the control body that are moved by the endoscopist. Skillful insertion of a colonoscope, which will certainly reduce the discomfort felt by the patient, is typically dependent on adequate visualization of the GI lumen and haptic sensation in manipulating the colonoscope. Excessive force whenmanipulating the colonoscope can induce significant discomfort and may cause perforation. The development of capsule endoscopy can offer less invasive endoscopic examination of the GI tract [2]. However, the current design of capsule endoscopes means the technique is passive, without control, and treatment cannot be performed. Active capsule endoscopy is now under development, including the use of a magnetically manipulated capsule endoscope [3] and possible therapeutic protocols [4]. Since the introduction of natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) in 2004 [5], the development of a multitasking endoscopic platform to enhance the performance of endoscopic surgery has been a major issue. In the past decade, multitasking endoscopic platforms, including the Anubisope, the EndoSamurai, and the Direct Drive Endoscopic System (DDES), have aimed to perform surgical treatment via two mechanically driven arms [6]. These systems have certain mechanical limitations in their degrees of freedom, especially when the end effector is far from the control unit. The application of robotic technologies in the development of these flexible endoscopic platforms has greatly enhanced the performance of complex surgical procedures, such as endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), within the confined GI lumen [7]. However, these systems have focused on the therapeutic issues, without redesign of the structure of the flexible shaft, and most of these platforms are larger than ordinary endoscopes, making insertion difficult, especially in the colon [8]. Snake-like robots, such as thewire-driven flexible robot [9] and the highly articulated robotic probe (HARP) [10], are highly flexible and have the potential to navigate in a confined anatomical environment with minimal interaction. The wire-driven flexible robot has multiple consecutive bending sections, providing a much greater degree of freedom than the typical endoscope bending section. The HARP offers a greater degree of freedom by being able to alternate between stiff and limp modes. The current study by Kume et al. [11] in this issue of Endoscopy is an excellent illustration of the application of robotic technology to improve endoscopic manipulation, bringing with it several benefits. First, the endoscopist can use one hand to steer the flexible endoscope intuitively, so releasing the other hand. Second, the monitored forces and torques during the insertion can be used to provide haptic feedback and evaluate the performance of the insertion. A threshold set for the forces means that perforation due to excessive force being applied to the bowel wall can be prevented. Smaller insertion forces will also induce less discomfort for the patient. Third, in a therapeutic procedure the robot will fix the position of the flexible endoscope and provide a steady platform for more complex procedures. However, the Endoscopic Operation Robot (EOR) ver.3 is quite bulky in its current form. Moreover, the endoscopist needs to switch off the circuit when the master unit reaches its range limit. Technologies in teleoperated robots can be bor-


A public key infrastructure (PKI) is a credential verification scheme based upon public/private key-pair cryptography. This paper explores the PKI story so far and then goes on to identify some of the problems that stand in the way of globalisation and truly successful commercial PKI interworking. Current solutions to these problems are explained, with their respective benefits and limitations, and a much broader picture is evolved to show the likely destiny of the PKI as it begins to become really useful and fit into a wider commercial security context.


Capillary zone electrophoresis was employed for the determination of metronidazole using end‐column amperometric detection with a gold microelectrode at a constant potential of −0.52V vs. saturated calomel electrode. To overcome interference of oxygen in the solution, a deaeration injector and a deaeration protector at the detection cell were used. The optimum conditions of separation and detection are 1.0 × 10−3 mol/L potassium dihydrogen citrate (KH2C6H5O7) for the buffer solution, 20 kV for the separation voltage, and 5 kV and 10 S for injection voltage and injection time, respectively. The limit of detection is 6.0 × 107 mol/L or 0.78 fmole (S/N = 3). The relative standard deviation is 3.9% for the electrophoretic peak current. The method was applied to the determination of metronidazole in human urine.


Due to environmental problems and exhaustion related to materials provided from non-renewable sources, the development of recycling technologies using residue as raw material has grown increasingly. Polypropylene (PP), a thermoplastic polymer, despite be easily recycled, presents a decrease in their mechanical properties after reprocessing cycles. In order to solve this problem, reinforcements may be added, producing a composite with better properties. The choosing of the dispersed phase aimed to consider, especially, its mechanical properties. Moreover, it was also considered the orientations of the incorporated fibers at the composite mechanical strength. In this scenario, a composite material of polymer matrix from recycled PP reinforced unidirectionally and bidirectionally with bamboo fibers were prepared. The fibers were treated with modifiers in order to increase the adhesion between polymer/fiber. The results showed that the use of reinforcement improves the mechanical properties of the polymer. Also, the superficial treatments were effective, indicating that there was an increase of the compatibility between the materials. It can be also inferred that the orientation of the fibers has directly influence at the final properties of the composite.


The invention discloses a constant-current source based on transient suppression and soft start and a realization method. When a power supply is switched on or switched off, a soft start circuit module performs to complete soft start to enable a diode to give out light gradually; meanwhile, a transient suppression circuit module provides a discharging circuit to enable the whole circuit to work as normal in instant starting or power off; and a constant-current circuit module keeps a current which flows through a constant-current load unchanged. Compared with the prior art, the constant-current source based on transient suppression and soft start and the realization method provided by the invention can suppress transient fluctuation of the constant-current load, realize slow and smooth start and stable and constant-current output, so that use requirement of a user can be satisfied; based on different requirements, different solutions can be provided; and therefore, the constant-current source and the realization method are high in practicability, wide in application range and quite high in popularization and application value.


Semantic web offers new opportunities to multi-sources integration field, and many approaches like P2P systems are revisited taking into account the new requirements. In this chapter, the authors present their P2P heterogeneous and distributed data integration system. It is a super-peer system, where peers are regrouped by type of data (relational, image, text, etc.) around a super-peer which contains a domain ontology. Peers data sources are exported in a common format in the form of a semantically rich ontology. Schemas reconciliation is done by matching domain and local ontologies by the use of a similarity function whose contribution is based on the direct and indirect semantic neighborhood. Queries are described using ontologies, then routed towards relevant peers thanks to a semantic topology built on top of the existing physical one.


The global economy has been witnessing phenomenal change over a long period. The service sector has been dominating the manufacturing industries. That shows the mammoth contribution of the tourism industry in terms of Rupee value. The report has revealed that in 2016 the sector generated INR14.1 trillion (USD208.9 billion) that represents 9.6% of India's GDP. Tourism industry has been creating around 10% jobs in the country that offered 40.3 million jobs in 2016 which promoted India's ranking in 2nd position across the globe in terms of total employment supported by travel and tourism trade. India's travel and tourism sector has been one of the fastest growing amongst the G20. Therefore, the tourism and hospitality sector may poise as an emerging area for the rural economic development. With its multiplier effects, tourism can energize the rural economy. This chapter has attempted to explore the opportunities and challenges of tourism entrepreneurship in rural India with special reference to Arunachal Pradesh.


An interagency study was conducted to estimate, through mark-recapture methods, the abundance of large (>660 mm MEF), spawning chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in the Taku River in 1989 and 1990. Fish were captured with fish wheels from May through July in the lower river at Canyon Island in Southeast Alaska. All fish were marked with back-sewn spaghetti tags, and some were additionally fitted with radiotags. Chinook salmon recaptured in Canadian tributaries showed that fish bound for the Nahlin River generally passed Canyon Island first, those bound for the Nakina River passed next, and fish bound for Tatsatua and Kowatua Rivers passed last. The 1984 year class predominated samples in both 1989 and 1990. Little or no sizeor sex-selective sampling among larger fish was evident in samples taken from tributaries. Because many recaptured fish had lost their spaghetti tags, the marked population used for estimating abundance was defined as only those fish with radiotags that had been tracked to their spawning grounds. Recapture proportions were similar among tributaries. Abundance of large fish was estimated at 40,329 (SE = 5,646) for 1989 and 52,142 (SE = 9,326) for 1990. Estimates of abundance from aerial surveys of the Taku River were considerably smaller than estimates from markrecapture experiments in both 1989 and 1990, a trend repeated in studies at other transboundary rivers in later years. 9 Authors: KEITH A. PAHLKE is the assistant project leader for the Salmon Stock Assessment Program for the Division of Sport Fish, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Southeast Region, P.O. Box 240020, Douglas, AK 99824-0020. DAVID R. BERNARD is the chief biometrician for the Division of Sport Fish, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, 333 Raspberry Road, Anchorage, AK 99518-1599. Acknowledgments: Paul Kissner, Doug Mecum, and David Magnus — supervised field sampling on the Taku River. Mark Olsen and Mindy Rowse — determined age of sampled chinook salmon. Elizabeth Wilson, James Menard, Leon Shaul, Kent Crabtree, and Nevette Bowen — field assistance. Andy McGregor, Dennis LeMond, Craig McKinstry, and Courtney Fleek of the Alaska Department of Fish and Game; Bonita Nelson, Robert Bradshaw, and Keith Carpenter of the National Marine Fisheries Service; and Pat Milligan, Brian Mercer, Ian Matthews, Phil Timpany, and Mike Link of the Canadian Department of Fisheries and Oceans — operated the tagging program at Canyon Island. John Eiler — supervised radiotagging project to determine the distribution of chinook salmon throughout the Taku River. Project Sponsorship: This project was partially financed through the U.S./Canada Pacific Salmon Treaty under Cooperative Agreement NA-90AA-H-FM010, and development of this manuscript was partially financed through the Federal Aid to Sport Fish Restoration Act and Alaska's Fish and Game Fund. laska Fishery Research Bulletin 3(1):9–20. 1996. Copyright © 1996 by the Alaska Department of Fish and Game


The capability of e-government service EGS is affected by different organizational factors, including internal and external. Human factor is the most critical internal factor. However, few studies providing minimal anecdotal evidence have examined the relationships between human factors and EGSC. To fill the gap, this paper attempts to conceive and develop confirmatory factor analysis CFA models, along with structural equation modeling SEM, from the perspective of the role, desire, skill, and learning ability of leader, team, and faculty in the process of building and applying e-Gov to investigate the relationships between them. These models explored the mechanism of how human factors affect EGSC and its components. And several valuable findings are concluded based on the empirical data analysis. It is believed that the abovementioned facets are significant for the Chinese local government sectors in designing an effective EGS delivery mechanism and improving their EGSC.


The designation of the majority opinion writer is one of the major prerogatives of the Chief Justiceship for influencing the formulation of judicial policy. The limited research on opinion assignment has focused almost exclusively on the ideological aspects of assignment decisions. Data sets employed have been small and noncomparable. This paper empirically examines several concerns operating in opinion assignment decision making in addition to ideology. These include the "equality" principle, distribution of "important" cases, self-assignment patterns, and judicial experience. The data base consists of the universe of over a half a century of opinion assignments made by Chief Justices Taft through Burger.


The purpose of this paper is to discuss some of the ways in which the social structure of Britain and the patterns of social life are likely to develop during the next two or three decades. What has been happening in the past is obviously one guide to what is likely to happen in the future and the paper, taking this as its starting-point, begins by discussing past and present trends in the occupational structure and in social class. It then examines in particular the suggestion that the social class structure is fundamentally changing-that 'we are all middle class now' and likely to become even more so in the future. This is followed by a discussion of some trends in social relationships and behaviour, first in family life and secondly in social life outside the family. Finally, some of the major questions are posed and some suggestions offered on research priorities. If one looks to the past for guidance and asks how British society has changed since, say, i900oo, one comes face to face with a paradox. Put simply, it is that the social structure seems both to have changed radically and not to have changed very much.2 This is particularly true of the occupational structure and social class.


A method of using the temperature coefficient of the copper resistance of an oscillating coil to compensate for the temperature coefficient of the quality factor of the same oscillating coil. To this end, a voltage propor tional to the copper resistance of the oscillating coil is generated across the oscillating circuit. The oscillator according to the process comprises an oscillating coil which comprises a high frequency litz wire. In order to access the copper resistance of the coil one of the litz wires is separated from the other wire at a first terminal of the coil and separately connected to a second termi nal of this coil. From this second terminal, the coil is seen as a bifilar coil. A constant alternating current source is connected to the second terminal in order to generates across the oscillating circuit a voltage propor tional to the copper resistance of the coil. The oscillator is preferably used for proximity switches having rela tively large switching distance.


This study investigated differences between optimistic and pessimistic customers in their responses to recovery strategies for defective goods and services. We found that optimistic customers are more lenient, stay more loyal; not only when offered replacement of the defective product, but also when provided only a quick fix. When a token gift is added to a replacement, pessimistic but not optimistic customers respond with greater leniency. When a token gift is added to a quick fix, optimistic customers respond with lesser leniency. We suggest that companies can make the error of doing too much, not just the error of doing too little.


White lupin (Lupinus albus) seeds collected from the local markets of Debretabor (DT) and Dembecha (DB) in Ethiopia were studied for their chemical composition, physicochemical and functional properties. Moisture, total ash, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber and minerals were determined. Mean values for protein, crude fat, total carbohydrates, crude fiber, and crude ash content of the two samples were 40.22, 8.92, 47.73, 10.08 and 3.15 g/100g, respectively on dry weight basis. The mean values of minerals such as phosphorus, iron, zinc and calcium contents for the samples were 248.90, 12.51, 4.68 and 82.56 mg/100g, respectively on dry weight basis. There was significant difference (p Key words : Lupin, Chemical composition, Functional properties


Ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) is used to probe the magnetic properties of Co∕Ag superlattices (SLs) with ultrathin Co layers (2–6A). Different series of 5×[Ag∕Co] multilayers have been grown by molecular beam epitaxy on Si(111) substrates, monitoring the growth by reflection high energy electron diffraction. Cross-section transmission electron microscopy confirms the growth of local areas with the designed SL periodicity, a sharp compositional modulation, well defined Ag–Co interfaces, and a perfect fcc (111) stacking. FMR spectra have been recorded at various polar angles in the 0°–90° range. A single and extremely broad resonance peak is observed in all cases. While SLs with Ag layers thinner than 10A exhibit similar values of the perpendicular anisotropy, a clear reduction is observed for samples with Ag layers about 14A thick. Possible causes for this change are discussed.


Klebsiella pneumoniae is the most frequent cause of nosocomial and community-acquired infections. The virulence factors help Klebsiella pneumoniae establish an infection in the human body by contributing to its ability to survive in a variety of environmental circumstances. 42 K. pneumoniae clinical specimens were isolated from diabetic patients suffering from urinary tract infection and diabetic foot ulcer in this study. K.pneumoniae virulence factors are currently being identified using phenotypic and genotypic approaches. The K. pneumoniae isolates that were positive for several virulence factors included 33 (78.6%) capsule, 17 (40%) hypermucoviscosity development, 14 (33.3%) proteases, and none were positive for hemolysis . K. pneumoniae isolates had a virulence gene that was 15% wcaG, 60% entB, and negative for rmpA.


A key component to the success of deep learning is the use of gradient-based optimization. Deep learning practitioners compose a variety of modules together to build a complex computational pipeline that may depend on millions or billions of parameters. Differentiating such functions is enabled through a computational technique known as automatic differentiation. The success of deep learning has led to an abstraction known as differentiable programming, which is being promoted to a first-class citizen in many programming languages and data analysis frameworks. This often involves replacing some common non-differentiable operations (eg. binning, sorting) with relaxed, differentiable analogues. The result is a system that can be optimized from end-to-end using efficient gradient-based optimization algorithms. A differentiable analysis could be optimized in this way — basic cuts to final fits all taking into account full systematic errors and automatically analyzed. This Snowmass LOI outlines the potential advantages and challenges of adopting a differentiable programming paradigm in high-energy physics.


The Prescribing Skills Assessment pilot was successfully completed in June 2013 with under 5000 medical students taking part. Its introduction as a possible form of assessment came courtesy of a General Medical Council study noting that 9% of hospital prescriptions contained errors [1] and that prescribing per se was an area that new graduates found the most challenging [2]. The aim of the Prescribing Skills Assessment is to address such concerns and allow students to demonstrate competency in the safe and effective use of medicines.

This is all well and good close to graduation, but what about in practice? After all, clinicians will be expected to demonstrate such competencies well into retirement. With evolution at play and newer and more purposeful therapeutic agents being developed, surely it makes sense for such an assessment to be introduced in postgraduate training? With a rising elderly population, increasing complexity of chronic illness and the prevalence of polypharmacy, prescribing assessment should certainly not be a once-only routine.

As a clinician myself, it is all too common to lambast our students for their lack of knowledge or skills, but the reality is that postgraduates themselves are barely assessed. It would seem sensible for such enquiry to take place on a regular basis to ensure that our patients are being provided with the best care, which is effective not only from an investigative perspective but also from a therapeutic one.


Active structural control has attracted considerable interest in recent years, as structures are getting taller yet more flexible (Soong, 1998). Active mass dampers (ADMs) are one of the efficient solutions presented for mitigating destructive effects of seismic and wind loads. However, design of model-based active structural control systems is such a hardship, as the available models for the control design are contaminated with parametric uncertainties and unmodeled dynamics. Robust control is agoodsolutionfor active control of uncertain structural systems (Zhao et al, 2000). In this research, design and implementation of a new robust sliding mode controller for tackling seismic excitations in the presence of parametric uncertainty is presented. For this purpose, a shear frame model developed based on a reduced model of a high rise building is built in laboratory scale. The structure is then equipped with a laboratory scale AMD system and the proposed controller is implemented in the system. Finally, effectiveness of the proposed controller is evaluated via shake table tests. The test results prove success of the proposed controller in suppressing inter-story drift and base shear responses in the presence of structural uncertainty. INTRODUCTION Nowadays preserving building performance against natural phenomenon such as earthquake and wind is one of most controversial subjects between engineers. It would be more necessary if we notice that the rate of construction is going up especially in areas with high level of seismic activity. Therefore, this subject has attracted many researches in recent years(Somali et al,2004,Lu et al,2003). Dynamic response control of a structure may be performed via passive, semi-active, or active systems. Among them, the passive structural control systems have attracted more interests in recent years because of their simplicity, low cost, andzero energy consumption (Housner et al,1997, Park et al,2002, Somali et al,2003, Choi et al,2005,Guclu R, Yazi et al,2008, Mohan et al, 2008, Tani et al,2008, Li et al, 2010, Bitaraf, et al,2012). Nevertheless, performance of the passive systems is restricted as they are usually tuned for a certain frequency range, most of the time the first structural mode. Therefore, they are not able to adopt themselves with different disturbances. Due to uncertain nature of seismic disturbances, this maybeconsidered as a serious drawback of the passive structural control systems (Yang et al,1996 and 2 International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology (IIEES) SEE 7 Adhikari et al, 1998). In the active structural control systems it is aimed to control dynamic behavior of the structure via applying a control forces. The control force is determined based on the feedback signals and according to the control strategy(Qiu et al., 2004). Several works have been done on active control design of civil structures e.g. (Ceriwa and Isiowa, 1987, Soong et al,1991).Due to inherent uncertainties in the structural models used for control design, robust control approach is a proper match for control purpose of these systems (yang et al., 1996). Sliding mode control, as a robust nonlinear controller, has also been employed for active structural controlapplications (Adhikari et al., 1997). Design and implementation of a new sliding mode controller is presented in this paper. For this purpose, a real steel shear frame has been built based on a reduced 2 degree of freedom model extracted from a real ten story building. Furthermore, the structure is equipped with an AMD system at its top story. The AMD system consists of an electric motor and a mechanical transmission system through with the control force is applied to the structure. A two-loop controller is proposed for calculating the control force. The outer loop estimates the required motor torque for minimizing the top story displacement. The inner loop, on the other hand, calculates the electric motor current using a PI controller. The control inputs i.e. displacement and velocity of the top story are provided via image processing technique. The effectiveness of the proposed controller is examined through shake table tests. STRUCTURAL MODEL A ten story building is considered in this study. A FEM model is built for this structure. The FEM model is then reduced to a 2 DOF model using model order reduction techniques. Figure 1 depicts the building model. In this model, mass of each floor is modeled as a lumped mass. Moreover, the frame has ten floors with 3 meters height each, and 3 gates (entrances)with equal 6 meters width. Furthermore, the model was loaded in mass centers by a 100(kg/m)×3×6=1800(kg) continuous load Figure 1.Ten story shear frame model AMD DESIGN The AMD system contains an electric motor and its driver, a rack and pinion mechanism as the transmission system, limit sensors in order to confine displacement, a data acquisition card and a personal computer. A permanent magnet 12 volt DC motor with planetary gear was chosen as the system driver. Moreover, a MOFSET IR3710driver in conjunction with two ir2014 amplifiers is employed for torque control of the electric motor. Figure 2depicts a schematic diagram for the AMD control system.


Spotting rumors from social media and intervening early has always been a daunting challenge. In recent years, Deep neural networks have begun to discover rumors by exploring the way of rumor propagation. The existing static graph models either only focus on the spatial structure information of rumor propagation or on time series propagation information but do not effectively combine them. This paper proposes the Static Spatiotemporal Model (SSM), which first extracts the textual semantic information and constructs undirected and directed propagation trees. Then obtains spatial structure information of rumor propagation through Graph Convolutional Network and extracts time series propagation information through the Recurrent Neural Network. The extracted spatiotemporal information is enhanced using different source node information hopping. Finally, SSM uses a weighted connection ensemble to rumor classification. Experimentally validated on datasets such as Weibo and Twitter, the results show that the proposed method outperforms several state-of-the-art static graph models. To better apply SSM in early detection and characterize early concepts, this paper presents a new data collection index for early detection, which can detect events that spread faster and have more significant influence in a targeted manner. The experimental results on the new indicators further verify the superiority of SSM as it can extract sufficient information in early detection or events with fewer participants.


College and university administration is an important part of educational science.The administration of reward and punishment is both contradictory and integral.Effective administration of reward and punishment system plays a vital role in better educational atmosphere and the healthy development of college students.


No reproduction, copy or transmission may be made without written permission from the individual authors. Papers have been double-blind peer reviewed before final submission to the conference. Initially, paper abstracts were read and selected by the conference panel for submission as possible papers for the conference. Many thanks to the reviewers who helped ensure the quality of the full papers. These Conference Proceedings have been submitted to Thomson ISI for indexing. Please note that the process of indexing can take up to a year to complete. The Electronic version of the Proceedings is available to download at ISSUU.com. You will need to sign up to become an IS-SUU user (no cost involved) and follow the link to Abstract: Many examples exist of the effective use of digital games for learning, both in the classroom and informally, for developing subject knowledge, skills (cognitive, (psycho)motor and psychodynamic), attitudes and behaviours. However, educational games are often limited in scope to the topic of the game itself and position learners as 'players' in the game space, rather than giving them control over the gaming environment. In fact, the increasing body of research literature suggests that making games could better address the needs of learners than just playing existing learning games. Collaborative game‐making provides a model in which learners can work together to create something that is meaningful for them, giving them input into both the process and product, and facilitating the development of a range of 21CS (21CS), such as digital literacy. Intuitive digital game‐making tools have become increasingly available in recent years, allowing students to directly access game‐making environments and support the growth in use of collaborative game‐making learning activities in schools. Making Games in Collaboration for Learning (MAGICAL) is an EU‐funded project that aims to explore the use of collaborative game‐making as a pedagogic model. It seeks to establish whether, and in what ways, the approach can support collaboration, problem‐solving, creativity and digital literacy skills. This paper starts by considering the literature on digital game‐making, particularly highlighting the benefits, drawbacks and research gaps. It then goes on to describe the MAGICAL project in more detail, particularly focusing on the way in which the 21CS can be defined, communicated to learners, and assessed. Next, the different approaches to collaborative game‐making in the classroom are discussed. The paper concludes by highlighting lessons learned from the project so far, and presenting recommendations for collaborative game‐making …


At Esslingen University of Applied Science a simulation application is being developed called Sim2d. With this software mechanical structures can be designed and solved as static or dynamic models. The software is used in typical engineering courses such as engineering mechanics, dynamics and simulation. Because these courses are part of the study program of mechatronics and electrical engineering,the application was modified to simulate mechatronic systems. Using an active beam as example (i.e. a beam that is coupled with a control loop to minimize its deflection at the load point) this paper describes the dynamic behavior of such a system. This allows gaining insights into both the underlying mechanics and control engineering and the coupling between those two. Although the mentioned example is simple, its dynamic behavior could hardly be predicted without simulation. Furthermore, this is not just an academic problem, but could be a real industrial use case. Active structures are always desirable when high precision (i.e. positioning) and lightweight construction with corresponding low stiffness are required. For example this could be the case in the manufacturing industry, when milling processes are considered.


Based on an analysis of the mode of networked information resource control, it is put forward that a multiply integrated control system of networked information should be developed for virtual libraries, catalogues and searching engines, and indexes of indexing.


Concentrations of atmospheric mercury observed during July and August of 2005 in Riverside, CA and during August of 2006 at sites throughout the Los Angeles Basin indicate that a diurnal pattern of elemental mercury frequently exists within the basin during summer months. During these diurnal cycles, elemental mercury is observed to abruptly spike well above global background levels during the morning hours. These peak events were observed to be coincident across several monitoring sites throughout the Basin suggesting that mercury spikes were not a result of source plumes unique to each site but rather the impact of a basin‐wide phenomenon. Atmospheric temperature profiles measured by a Radio Acoustic Sounding System (RASS) located in Moreno Valley, CA indicate that peak events coincided with the shift in surface temperature profile from stable to neutral indicating the presence of fumigation episodes, the occurrence of which is supported by a generic model of basin dispersion. The presence of mercury in the stable layer aloft is a function of point sources within the basin, and in particular a single, elevated point source located in the Port of Long Beach. The unique dynamics of atmospheric mercury observed throughout the Los Angeles Basin combined with the location of this major point source upwind of the Basin provide a novel method of directly observing atmospheric mixing associated with the break‐up of the nocturnal inversion layer.


A descriptive study was conducted with the aim of to assess the knowledge on sports brain injury prevention among nursing students at a selected nursing college, Bangalore, Karnataka. Quantitative research approach and non-experimental exploratory research design was used to accomplish the stated objective. The investigator selected a sample of 146 female nursing students using a convenient sampling technique. The data were collected by using self-administered knowledge questionnaire. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS-IBM 21. Results were calculated by using P value 75%), 93 (63.7%) students had in adequate knowledge score (<50%). This is concluded from the result of this study that nursing students need to have education regarding sports trauma brain injury prevention as a part of their curriculum which may help to increase knowledge and skill in clinical settings.


This text provides a framework to discuss the consequences of licensing choices that are applied to publicly funded libre software. It discusses these choices from the angle of general public interest and policy. It concludes that one is led to prefer GPL copylefting licensing especially for any libre software component whose development is publicly funded, and when it is providing functionality that plays or may later play a critical role as part of the common infrastructure of the information society. At the same time, some interesting questions derive from a better understanding of the reasons that lead some to disagree with the choice of copylefting. The debate on whether libre software should be released under copylefting licenses (in practice the GNU General Public license) or under non-copylefting licenses such as the BSD or Apache-style licenses is a constant in the history of libre software. One would even hesitate to trigger again the flow of flaming messages that unvariably follow any statement on this subject. However, two more recent factors make it absolutely necessary to establish new foundations for this debate. The first factor resides in the attacks from some major proprietary software vendors against the GPL. These attacks were first expressed in a very agressive manner, which backfired and brought the whole libre software community together in support of the GPL. They have since continued in more subtle ways, within standardisation arena, through lobbying and in PR campaigns. The second factor is that, as public support of libre software gains momentum, the debate on copylefting vs. non-copylefting has recently arisen in specific terms for publicly funded software development. Leaving aside the agendas of proprietary vendors, it is clear that many of the people who disagree on this issue share common values, namely freedom, cooperation and the passion to create useful things. If they keep disagreeing despite having these values in common, it must be because they look at the issue from different angles. It is thus useful to provide a framework that explains what these different angles are, and sheds some light on the consequences of going one direction or the other. Let us consider a software component to be released as libre software. Imagine someone who considers only the immediate consequences of the choice of license, and that his/her vision has a scope similar to the black rectangle on the top-left part of the figure 1. To that person, the choice of the copylefting license is clearly a restriction, since it will close some possible dissemination routes for the software. For instance, it will not stop it from being used as an underlying platform on top of which proprietary software is run, or it will not stop its usage on top of proprietary software, but it will forbid its exploitation within proprietary software. In contrast, a non-copylefting license will seem to open more dissemination routes, specially if despite being noncopylefting, it is compatible with the GPL. In our graphical representation, the dissemination paths corresponding to the blue arrow will be made impossible by the GPL. This view is not an illusion, it is clear that the immediate usage might in many cases be less widespread. Anyone adopting a narrow vision, focussed on the immediate and isolated consequences of the license choice might prefer non-copylefting licenses from the very points of view of freedom, enabling maximum co-operation, and providing as many people as possible with a useful piece of software. Figure 1. Graphical representation of the framework Such an analysis is severely shortsighted in some essential cases, for 2 critical reasons. First, software components are not used in isolation: any real-life activity uses many layers of software, and complex chains of components. Creating some media contents and distributing them will mobilize software for acquiring, editing, describing, coding and compressing them, making them available on servers, distributing them on networks, accessing them on clients, etc. Each of these software will depend on underlying hardware and software platforms. Developing a Web-based electronic booking service for a bed and breakfast will also require multiple functional components, each dependent on many layers of the common infrastructure. The main property of the software infrastructure is interdependency. Second, the software of today will change tomorrow, as will its terms of use. Free components can become proprietary if their license is not copylefting: of course this will happen only through a process by which they are significantly « extended » in functionality, so that the non-free version will appear more appealing to some users than the free version, or will simply be forced on them. In addition, since all patent offices and some case law have accepted software patents, the use of some software or standard becomes more and more governed by patent rights. In countries such as the US that have weaker systems of protection for interoperability in their copyright legislation, even terms of use of descriptions of formats and protocols can be used for achieving proprietary control. Let's now imagine that we live in a world in which it is only natural for companies to place short term profit relatively high in their agenda, where some would like to maximise their control on enlarged markets, or where companies can be bought by others, or be auctioned after going bankrupt. There is a deadly risk that the free character of our software component will be brought to nothing in terms of practical use through a conjunction of embrace and extend strategies or other forms of proprietarisation of some well chosen components or layers on which this practical use depends (at random: OS security layers, DRM, authentication and Net identity, PKIs, compression codecs, some streaming media server functionality). Does the GPL make it impossible? Not quite, but it makes it less certain and easier to fight. It creates a cluster of inter-supporting unproprietarisable components. It forbids some changes in licenses (for the GPL-ed components1), and makes other changes immediately visible as agressions against the common infrastructure. If standards have built-in rules for royalty free licensing for any intellectual property that is necessary anywhere in the full chain of their usage (of course without discrimination against copylefting licenses), the existence of the common infrastructure at this level is strongly protected. This is precisely why some proprietary players want to change these rules where they exist and do not want to adopt them elsewhere. With the broader view, GPL-copylefting might2 make some usage of the libre software impossible (the bottom green rectangle of the right column of our diagram). But why would such a usage be impossible for GPL-ed software? This must be precisely because there exists some intellectual property necessary for using a GPL-ed version in practical applications, and the owner for instance does not want to grant a non-revocable royaltyfree patent license. Or because the user intends to construct a derivative work for which a similar restriction exists. But then, if this software is released under a non-copylefting license, the same intellectual property can be used to re-proprietarise an extended version of it. What we gain from copylefting is a much greater degree of safety and sustainability of freedom, continued co-operation and usability within the full range of activities for which it was intended or later proved useful. Of course some companies will argue that by "preventing their usage" (as licensees), we deprive them from using results of publicly funded research for which all taxpayers have paid, or that we open such usage only at the expense of stripping them from legitimately acquired intellectual property. But this is not true, they are only forbidden to use these results in ways that open the prospect of abuse. It all breaks down to one simple question: is it legitimate in the digital world for governments to support and protect the existence of commons, of public resources that can not be appropriated? If one thinks governments are only servants of economic players, and should serve them regardless of what are the effects on society, culture and the economy as a whole, one can accept the prospect of enclosure of essential public resources. If one thinks government should serve citizens and the public good, including of course creation of economic wealth by companies, then it is legitimate to contribute to a rich and protected commons domain. The question of whether the digital commons needs to be protected against re-proprietarisation can be tackled from another angle. For physical commons, made of exhaustible resources (water, grazing land, for instance), it is clear that some protection is necessary against appropriation or misuse. But some would claim that this obligation would no longer exist for intangibles, for commons that are made of resources whose usage does not diminish or even augments the value. The very contribution of our framework is to show that as soon as components of the digital commons are inter-dependent, are developed one from the other, and that appropriation of one can lead to control on others, then one also needs a protection of these components against appropriation. This leaves a wide open issue on identifying the scope of this necessary protected commons domain, for today and for tomorrow, but it is essential to address this issue with the right premises. Can any one doubt that the core infrastructure of information society applications, the exercise of such basic rights as accessing government services, expressing oneself and making one's opinions known to others, accessing, producing and evaluating knowledge, mastering the new tools of critical thought and information exchanges, entering into an economic


Among dealers in the physical commodity, the benefits associated with risk reduction are important factors in motivating the decision to engage in futures trading. Although it is possible to evaluate, in an objective sense, the ability of a market to reduce risk, actual and potential users may also be heavily influenced by their subjective assessments of the performance and reliability of a futures market. This paper argues that the recent decline in the level of usage of the London Potato Futures Market may be more the product of unfavourable attitudes to trading than of a decline in the performance of the market with respect to risk reduction.


The experiment of four factors and three levels is designed according to the influences on cyhalothriong-β-CD's inclusion effect such as host-guest morle ratio,stirring-time,stirring-rate and clathrating-temperature.The cyhalothrion-β-CD's clathrate is prepared by saturated solution methord,namely cyhalothrion is dissolved by acetone.Then the cyhalothrin acetone solution is added into β-CD solution.After several times,clathrate is obtained by reduced pressure distillation,and then it is washed by acetone and distilled water.Finally,clathrate is dried,It is characterized by FT-IR,ultraviolet spectrum,DSC and NMR,and the results are good.


This article argues that the growth of a free press in nineteenth-century Germany went hand in hand with the growth of an official, government-sponsored, press. The collapse of pre-publication censorship in 1848 prompted the development of increasingly sophisticated (and relatively successful) press control strategies by German governments, in the shape of official newspapers, semi-official newspapers, and indirect government press influence. Government press policy was essentially reactive. Changes in press policy were usually prompted by political events. Furthermore, government press coverage was forced to reflect shifts in public opinion in order to maximize readership of official propaganda. Government press policy focused not just on the dissemination of pro-government opinion, but also on the dissemination of pro-government information, probably the most effective form of government press influence. News management was subtle, and targeted small circulation local newspapers, rather than high profile opposition newspapers. Consequently, historians have tended to overlook the scale of government news management.


The first report of the therapeutic intravenous use of sodium bicarbonate has been attributed by Kaehny and Anderson(l) to Thomas Latta who reported the practice of intravenous injections of bicarbonate (NaHCO3) and chloride into patients with cholera in 1832(2). Since the commercial availability of NaHCO3 for medical use in the late 1950s, there have been continuing efforts to clarify aspects of the "bicarbonate controversy"(l).


In contemporary times, export loan based financing with public support has become almost a necessary and assumed component in financing of export of a large number of countries. The subject of the analysis in this paper are legal aspects of this form of export financing and its aim is to indicate potential problems and limitations in this field. Legal rules of both national and international character are in the focus of attention. Naturally, a special attention is paid to the state of affairs in our legislation in this field since the aim is to establish it's correlation with the relevant international and national rules. Our country is faced with serious economic difficulties, including a significant foreign trade deficit. In this context, strengthening of legal and other assumptions for export financing with participation of the state is imposing itself as necessity in our country as well. The existing legal-institutional frameworks are not the obstacle in that respect since they do not deviate significantly from legal framework of other countries and harmonized rules at the international level. However, the accomplishing of the optimum objectives in this field requires constant strengthening of financial capacities, the aspect we are limited in.


The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Fauna and Flora (CITES) Secretariat has teamed up with the International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO) to assist Congo basin countries in the frame of the so called "the ITTO-CITES program", to develop non-detriment findings (NDF) on Prunus africana, a CITES listing tree species. This paper aims to assess the way the simple management plans (SMPs) developed within the ITTO-CITES program are being implemented in the field. Data were gathered during field missions conducted from November to December 2015. Although, Cameroon has made many efforts to promote the sustainable harvesting of P.africana, many problems still remain in the implementation of the guidelines prescribed in SMPs. It is in the North West region where the non-respect of existing norms/standards in term of realization of exploitation inventories, the minimum exploitable diameter (MED) and sustainable harvesting techniques is largely observed. The low buying price tends to be the main cause of the non-respect of national standards by community forest managers and harvesters. There is an urgent need for the ITTO-CITES program to extend its activities on the implementation of the SMPs.

 Key words: Prunus africana, CITES, ITTO-CITES program, norms, management plans, sustainable harvesting.


Dynamic reconfiguration for fine grained architectures is still associated with significant reconfiguration costs. In this paper we propose a new reconfiguration aware design flow. The tools in this flow implement a set of tasks concurrently. The flow leads to task implementations with minimal costs for routing reconfiguration. This is mainly achieved by our mapping tool which solves two fundamental problems: our mapping algorithm generates variants for the mapping of netlist cells to logic blocks. From those logic blocks a subset for each task is selected that minimizes the cost for routing reconfiguration. We derive a cost function and formulate an integer linear program to solve this problem. We implemented several task sets with our method and compare the results to previous solutions. We show that the reconfiguration aware mapping leads to better results than early approaches with vendor provided tools.


A new analytical potential energy function for diatomic molecular ion XY+ is proposed based on the energy consistent method (ECM). The Coulomb potential included in the new ionic potential contains multipole corrections, converges quickly and is variationally, changeable. The new potential and the ECM are applied to variationally studying the potential energies of eight electronic states of several diatomic molecular ions: the A2π state of CO+, the X2∑g+ state of Li2+, the X2∑g+ state of He2+, the 12∏u state of Na2+, the A2∏u state of N2+, the X1∑+ state of KrH+, the X2∑+ state of SiO+ and the A2π state of SO+ ion. The present results agree excellently with the experiment-based Rydberg-Klein-Rees (RKR) potentials, and are superior to the commonly used Huxley-Murrell-Sorbie (HMS) analytical potentials, and are better in some cases than some quantum mechanicalab initio potentials in the ionic asymptotic and dissociation regions.


In inferential-realizational theories of inflection, the only grammatically significant relation that exists between inflectional markings and morphosyntactic properties is that of exponence (Stump 2001:11). rēxī 'I have ruled' rēk-s-ī {perfect active} ↑ {1 sg indicative} / {perfect active} __ {1 sg perfect indicative active} In inferential-realizational theories of inflection, the only grammatically significant relation that exists between inflectional markings and morphosyntactic properties is that of exponence (Stump 2001:11). rēxī 'I have ruled' rēk-s-ī {perfect active} ↑ {1 sg indicative} / {perfect active} __ {1 sg perfect indicative active} In inferential-realizational theories of inflection, the only grammatically significant relation that exists between inflectional markings and morphosyntactic properties is that of exponence (Stump 2001:11). rēxī 'I have ruled' rēk-s-ī {perfect active} ↑ {1 sg indicative} / {perfect active} __ {1 sg perfect indicative active} In inferential-realizational theories of inflection, the only grammatically significant relation that exists between inflectional markings and morphosyntactic properties is that of exponence (Stump 2001:11). rēxī 'I have ruled' rēk-s-ī {perfect active} ↑ {1 sg indicative} / {perfect active} __ {1 sg perfect indicative active} In inferential-realizational theories of inflection, the only grammatically significant relation that exists between inflectional markings and morphosyntactic properties is that of exponence (Stump 2001:11). rēxī 'I have ruled' rēk-s-ī {perfect active} ↑ {1 sg indicative} / {perfect active} __ {1 sg perfect indicative active} In inferential-realizational theories of inflection, the only grammatically significant relation that exists between inflectional markings and morphosyntactic properties is that of exponence (Stump 2001:11). rēxī 'I have ruled' rēk-s-ī {perfect active} ↑ {1 sg indicative} / {perfect active} __ {1 sg perfect indicative active} In inferential-realizational theories of inflection, the only grammatically significant relation that exists between inflectional markings and morphosyntactic properties is that of exponence (Stump 2001:11). rēxī 'I have ruled' rēk-s-ī ↑ ↑ {1 sg perfect indicative active} In inferential-realizational theories of inflection, the only grammatically significant relation that exists between inflectional markings and morphosyntactic properties is that of exponence (Stump 2001:11).


This article is the result of an investigation that had the purpose of evidencing the significant contribution that three audiovisual didactic means have in the development of learning English as a foreign language. It will be specifically discussed the use of video, images and the board (didactic means of verbal explanations and active participation) as means to allow teachers to develop communicative skills in students. The main objective of this research article is to establish the scope that has the use of audiovisual didactic means as pedagogical strategies that allow motivation in students. The research approach used was Action-Research. Thus, this work is based on the application of planned activities to encourage the learning of English through didactic means and aids. The use of these means is beneficial and motivating, stimulating the interest in students in order to achieve the understanding of instructions and the follow-up of teacher-led topics. According to main results, it was possible to demonstrate an increase in the development of knowledge by students in communicative skills, reading and writing in English as a foreign language. This way, it is essential the use of these resources in the educational field due to the current affinity between our students and audiovisual media. Besides that, the degree of acceptance that these means have in the development of competencies in the world nowadays.


The essence of the conflicts is simple - or they loosen system, or strengthen it even more. In this article influence of a conflict situation in the organization on all "organism" of firm, and what consequences of its presence in relation to such factors as the competition is analyzed.


The IME1 gene is essential for initiation of meiosis in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Transcription of IME1 is detected under conditions of starvation for nitrogen and glucose, and in the presence of the MATa1 and MATα2 gene products. In our previous work, we have shown that there are two elements acting as TUP1‐dependent upstream repression sequence (URS) and tup1 mutation‐dependent upstream activation sequence (UAS) between nt −915 and −621 of the IME1 promoter under nutritional conditions. The region from −915 to −621 has also been reported to harbour meiotic URS and UAS when a/α cells were transferred to sporulation conditions. To identify proteins that are able to bind to the region, we screened a cDNA library fused with the Gal4‐activation domain by means of the one‐hybrid system. We identified a previously unknown gene (YDR451c), which we designated YHP1, encoding a homeodomain protein of the Drosophila antennapedia type. The region for binding of Yhp1 was delimited to the 28 bp region between nt −702 and −675 of the IME1 promoter in vivo and in vitro, and the 28 bp region harboured a URS activity in a Yhp1‐dependent manner under nutrient growth conditions. Although a yhp1 single‐disruption mutation did not give rise to a scorable phenotype under nutritional and sporulation conditions, the level of the YHP1 transcript was significantly lower in the cells grown in acetate medium (presporulation medium) and sporulation medium than those grown in glucose medium, and the reduction of YHP1 transcription in acetate medium coincided with an increment of the IME1 transcript. We suggest that the homeoprotein Yhp1 that binds directly to the 28 bp region of the IME1 promoter is a new repressor acting under glucose growth conditions. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The article discusses the views on Russian history of the writer and translator F.A. Emin (1735-1770). The author identifies in his "History of Russia" not only the influence of literature on historical narration but his real contribution in the development of Russian historical science.


Several lines of evidence suggest that savannas currently distributed disjointedly in the southern and northern portions of South America might have been connected and disconnected many times during the Quaternary climatic fluctuations. Here, we investigated how climate change since the Last Interglacial may have modified the distribution of bird species associated with South American savannas. We evaluated the connections between South America's savannas using 10 broadly distributed species and the impact of climate changes in community composition using 18 species endemic to Cerrado. We fit ecological niche models to each of the 28 bird species to compare the potential distribution patterns for the Last Interglacial (120 kyr BP), the Last Glacial Maximum (21 kyr BP) and the present. Our results corroborated hypotheses of past connections between northern and southern blocks of savannas through three hypothetical corridors that existed along the Andes, Atlantic Coast and through central Amazonia. In addition, our results also suggested the existence of a fourth plausible corridor located along the Madeira River, crossing Amazonia from the southwest to the northeast. Finally, our analysis showed significant changes in the community composition dynamics of endemic Cerrado species. Our results further reinforce the notion that climate change has major impacts on the distribution of savanna species.


The purpose of this study was to compare the validity of obesity indices among the body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and body fat percentage (BF%), and to determine which is the most useful index to predict the risk of chronic diseases of elderly people. This study was conducted as a cross-sectional study at welfare centers in Seoul. The total number of subjects was 261 (68 men and 193 women) with age 60 years. The distribution of obesity using 3 obesity indices in the subjects with hypertension, diabetes, or arthritis was BF%>WC>BMI in elderly men and WC>BF%>BMI in elderly women. In elderly women, odds ratios (ORs) for hypertension in BMI and WC quartiles were significantly increased in quartile 2 and 3 (p<0.05). The ORs for hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and arthritis in BF% quartiles were significantly increased in quartile 3 and 4 (p<0.05). The BF% was sensitive obesity index for predicting the occurrence of chronic disease in men, and the WC was sensitive index in women. Our results suggested maintaining BMI less than 23.5 kg/m 2 , WC less than 82 cm, and BF less than 35% in order to prevent chronic diseases in elderly women.


Just after midsummer day in 1967 a new arrival appeared in the field of British Columbia local government. The event was a quiet one. No formal ceremony took place. No politician stepped forward to claim parentage or to foretell a long and successful life for the new arrival. The event took place under the cloak of administrative obscurity and the new arrival was given a name so unrelated to local tradition that those hearing it would likely soon forget it, or at least be no wiser about the new arrival. It was called the Regional District of Fraser-Burrard. Now, five years later, it is apparent that the new body (its name in the meantime having been changed to the Greater Vancouver Regional District) is evolving into metropolitan government, of the local federation variety, for greater Vancouver — a development which was intended from the beginning by the few key provincial officials who were responsible for the "regional district" concept in British Columbia. In this study we discuss the origin and early growth of metropolitan government in greater Vancouver. More particularly, we seek to place this development in the context of British Columbia local government, to analyze the aims and strategies of


TPS9154 Background: Self-rated symptoms contribute to the Quality of Life (QoL) of cancer patients (pts) and impact on prognosis. Behavioural functions are controlled by the circadian timing system...


Summary Severe drug eruptions may cause diagnostic and therapeutic difficulty when they mimic or provoke endogenous patterns of dermatosis. We report three patients with known psoriasis in whom use of bupropion (Zyban®), prescribed to assist with cessation of smoking, led to severe pustular or erythrodermic exacerbation of psoriasis within 3–5 weeks. All patients were systemically unwell and required hospitalization to control the disease flare.


Computer-based education (CBE) and personalized systems of instruction (PSI) are both remarkably successful tools for instructional delivery in content-based courses. However, CBE and PSI are both primarily designed to minister to the intellect of the student. That is appropriate within the university, but it is not sufficient.


In this paper we recall some recent results about variational eigenvalues of the p-Laplacian, we show new applications and point out some open problems. We focus on the continuity properties of the eigenvalues under the gamma_p-convergence of capacitary measures, which are needed to prove existence results for the minimization of nonlinear eigenvalues in the class of p-quasi open sets contained in a box under a measure constraint.
Finally, the new contribution of this paper is to show that these continuity results can be employed to prove existence of minimizers for nonlinear eigenvalues among measurable sets contained in a box and under a perimeter constraint.


Bacterial colonization of the intestine is critical for normal physiology, especially the immune and endocrine system. There is increasing evidence that the influence of the gut bacteria extends to modulation of the host's nervous system. Gut-brain axis alterations and their role in the psychiatric treatment of anxiety and depression, but also functional gastrointestinal disorders, provide great therapeutic potential.


A novel technique of photolithography using a proximity exposure system—named built-in lens mask lithography—is proposed. The built-in lens mask having complex optical transmittance emulates the optical propagation plane in the focusing of an image having an arbitrary pattern. The complex transmittance of the built-in lens mask is computationally obtained for an arbitrarily designed pattern and the transmittance and phase shift are binarized, which is easily achieved using conventional phase mask technology. The performance of built-in lens mask lithography is numerically studied and experimentally confirmed using a conventional proximity exposure system. The results of the numerical study and experiments agree and confirm the enhancement of the critical resolved feature size to 3.0 μm at a focal length of 55 μm using the built-in lens mask.


Intelligent home products have serious information security risks, threatening the privacy of users. In this paper, a method of password protection using hyper-chaos based one-way hash function and secure information transmission method based on spatiotemporal chaos are proposed. The proposed method creates a unidirectional hash function using the delay induced hyper-chaotic system and the key stream iteration to protect user password and to realize user authentication. At the same time, the chaotic time series generated by the one way coupled map lattice system is used to encrypt the plaintext information for the data secure communication, which increases the security of the intelligent home system. An intelligent home system prototype is built based on a Zigbee network, cloud server, and Android system.


Abstract We propose a virtual prototyping system that can evaluate failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA). The virtual prototyping system which consists of co-simulation environment between mechanics model and microcontroller model is integrated a fault-injection system that can inject faults into SRAM. This approach was applied to a validation of vehicle engine control. We observed that an abnormal system behavior occurred by SRAM fault. Thus the virtual prototyping system with fault-injection system can be performed a vehicle engine control behavior without actual components when fault occurred.


Objective -Toreviewavailable evidence ontheproblems facing ruralhealth care intheUK. Inparticular, todetermine whetherthehealth ofruralpopulations is worsethanthatoftowndwellers andhow thequality ofhealth careisinfluenced by rurality. Criteria forinclusion andexclusion of articles - A widevariety ofpublications anddatasources wereused. A numberof computerised databases withdifferent specialisations (forexamplemedical, healthcaremanagement) wereusedto identify relevant published articles. In addition, reports, reviews, andsurveys producedbyagencies forlocalcirculationwereidentified byapproaching academic,service, and voluntary bodies thought likely tohaveaninterest inrural health. Although this"grey" literature is notsubject topeerreview, therelative lackofrelevant UK publications madeit auseful datasourceforillustrative purposes. Similarly, published articles based onruralhealth inotherdeveloped countries wereusedwhenUK datawerelacking. Conclusions -Although theevidence concerning thehealth andhealth careofthe UK ruralpopulations issuggestive, itis verygeneral and furtherresearch is needed. Levels ofurbanhealth seemtobe generally worsethaninruralareas, but contradictions doexist. Theevidence on quality of caresuggeststhatservice accessibility isa central problem, and ruralpopulations havepooreraccess thanothers. Withinruralpopulations, such disadvantage is not uniformly experienced - itaffects some groups more thanothers. Inaddition, theNHS doesnotseemtohaveaconsistent policy aboutwhetherrurality shouldinfluence resource allocation, andhowitshouldbe incorporated.


BACKGROUND
To describe cardiovascular morbidity of a hypertensive patients cohort and relate it to the presence of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), LVH geometric patterns, other cardiovascular risk factors (CRF), previous pathology (PP) and a range of variables.

DESIGN
Prospective study of the cohort visited in a from 1993 to 1998. Place. Downtown primary care center.

PATIENTS
A random sample of 267 hypertensive patients under 80 years old was used. Method and procedures. The presence of universals of CRF, PP and a range of variables such as age, sex, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP), heart rate, body mass index (BMI), left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and Cornell and Sokolov-Lyon electrocardiographic criteria were registered. Also cardiovascular events (CE) were recorded: heart failure (HF), coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, arrythmia and peripheral vascular disease (PVD). Then the association between these variaables and CE appearance was studied.

MEASURES AND RESULTS
The total amount of CE was 60, with an accumulated incidence of 22.5% (confidence interval 95% from 19.4 to 25.7%).HF was more frequent among patients with a higher BMI (p = 0.05). The patients with HF showed a stronger smoking habit as CRF and a higher PAS (p = 0.05). The PVD was more common among hypertensive patients with smoking habit as CRF (p = 0.05).EC was highly observed in those patients either with LVH or CRF, especially in those cases such as HF (90% had LVH), stroke (87.5%) and arrythmias (83.3%). However, it was less observed in those ones with PVD (66.7%) and HF (60%). No relation was found between the patterns of LVH and EC.

CONCLUSIONS
The HF was more frequent among the hypertensive patients with a higher LVMI, the HF among the smokers and a higher PAS and PVD among the smokers. The LVH is strongly related to the HF, stroke and arrythmias. The differences among the populations with cardiovascular epidemiology as well as the short span of follow-up may have contributed to obtaining such results.


Mathematical hydrogeology model of the territory of Kowsar Project was created with account for the results of the engineering surveys and hydro geological monitoring, which was conducted in the process of Kowsar Project construction. In order to create the model in the present work a universal computer system Ansys was used, which implements the finite element method and solid modeling technology, allowing to solve the filtration problem with the use of thermal analogy. The three-dimensional geometric model was built with use of the principle "hard body" modeling, which displays the main line of the territory relief, including the created water reservoir, geological structure (anticline Duk) and the main lithological complexes developed within the territory. In the limestone mass As here is a zone characterized by water permeability on territory of Kowsar Project, and a layer characterized by seepage feeding, which occurs outside the considered territory. The water reservoir is a source of the change of hydro geological situation. The results of field observations witness, that the levels of underground waters within the area of the main structures reacts almost instantly on the water level change in the water reservoir; the delay period of levels change is not more than 1,5…2,0 weeks at maximum distance from the water reservoir. These particularities of the hydro geological regime allow using the steady-state scheme of the decision of forecast problems. The mass of limestone As, containing the structures of the Kowsar Project, is not homogeneous and anisotropy in its seepage characteristics. The heterogeneity is conditioned by exogenous influence on the mass up to the depth of 100…150 m. The seepage anisotropy of the mass is expressed by the difference of water permeability of the mass along and across the layers for almost one order. The structures of Kowsar Project is presented by a dam, grouting curtain on axis of the dam and consolidation curtain in its both banks, drainage structures. Underground waters of the territory are formed by infiltration. They unload in river Heirabad. In accordance with this circumstance, the northwest (the right bank) and the south-east (the left bank) hydro geological borders of the model are the borders with constant discharge seepage, entering from the area of the feeding in the area of unloading. The borders are distanced from the river on 2,5 km. In accordance with the regional direction of the flow of underground waters, the model is limited along the lines of the current (the impervious borders) at northeast (upwards on river) and south-west (down on river). Those borders are distanced from river on 2,2…2,3 km. As a result, the area of model is 28 km 2. Aroofing of almost watertight marls of the retinue Pb is the bottom border of the model. Theinternal borders are presented by the river Heirabad, the water reservoir and the drainage structures. The calibration of the model was conducted at the reservoir water mark of 580 m and 606…610 m. The correctness criterion of the decision had shown the convergence of the obtained values of discharge level of underground waters with the data of natural observations. In the process of calibration the revision of the input data was carried out a seepage characteristic of thick limestone mass As and discharge, entering from the right and left bank borders of the model. The forecast calculation was performed for water reservoir level of 620 m. The creation of water reservoir has influenced the seepage regime of the territory by the area of more than 25 km 2. As a result of the buttress of the natural inflow there occurred the redistribution of the natural inflow and change of the direction of the natural inflow that has caused the appearance of springs in downstream of dam near the contact of the series As-Gs. The design inflow of underground waters in the river Heirabad on the area from dam up to the contact of the suites As and Gs in downstream is 2,4…2,6 m 3/s including springs. The share of the direct seepage from water reservoir forms ~40 % of this values, the rest 60 % correspond to the unload natural inflow redistributed as a result of buttress. It is possible to define the level and discharges of underground waters on the territory of hydro unit under any elevation of water reservoir with the help of the created geo seepage model. The model can be used for effectiveness evaluation of the grouting curtain in the operation period.


The increasingly diverse language backgrounds of their students are creating new challenges for Englishmedium universities. One response in Australian and New Zealand institutions has been to introduce post-entry language assessment (PELA) to identify incoming students who need to enhance their academic language ability. One successful example of this type of programme is the Diagnostic English Language Needs Assessment (DELNA) at the University of Auckland, which has been implemented across the university since 2002. This paper discusses the reasons for introducing the assessment and outlines its current operation. As part of the validation process feedback is obtained from academic staff, and from students who have completed the assessment and been advised about their opportunities for enriching their academic literacy. The focus of this paper is on the ways the feedback has led to changes both in the composition and administration of the assessment and the delivery of effective English language programmes.


HER-2 overexpression occurs in 20-30% of women with breast cancer and is associated with poor prognosis and reduced overall survival. The small molecule lapatinib is an orally administered dual receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor of HER-1 and HER-2. Preclinical in vitro and in vivo models as well as early clinical trials provided evidence that lapatinib is active against breast cancer. Women with advanced or metastatic HER-2-positive breast cancer have limited therapeutic options once their disease has progressed on trastuzumab and standard initial chemotherapy regimens. There has been a clear need for alternative treatments in this advanced setting. In a recently published phase III trial, lapatinib combined with capecitabine has demonstrated superior efficacy over capecitabine alone in this group of patients, with a median time to tumor progression of 8.4 months in the combination therapy group versus 4.4 months in the monotherapy arm. This improvement was achieved without an increase in serious toxic effects or symptomatic cardiac events.


We present a link between easy quantum groups, discrete groups and combinatorics. By this, we infer new connections between quantum isometry groups, reflection groups, varieties of groups and the combinatorics of partitions. More precisely, we consider easy quantum groups and find a relation to subgroups of the infinite free product $\mathbb Z_2^{*\infty}$ of $\mathbb Z_2=\mathbb Z/2\mathbb Z$. We obtain a link with reflection groups and thus with varieties of groups, which yields a statement on the complexity of the class of easy quantum groups on the one hand, and a "quantum invariant" for varieties of groups on the other hand. Moreover, we reveal a triangular relationship between easy quantum groups, categories of partitions and discrete groups (reflection groups). As a by-product, we obtain a large number of new quantum isometry groups.


In this letter, a broadband waveguide magic-T with compact size is presented. A grounded suspended stripline has been used to obtain broadband isolation characteristics and increase power capacity. The inner ridge-matching structure is used to achieve broadband matching. The method and design process of the demonstrated magic-T are described in detail. The measured 15-dB bandwidth is about 30.3%, almost for waveguide BJ-320 waveguide operating bandwidth. The measured isolation between sum and deference ports is above 37.5 dB; 20-dB measured isolation is achieved between collinear ports. The measured and simulated results are in good agreement. It has advantages in high-power applications.


The invention discloses a monitoring system for the parking and braking states of a locomotive. The monitoring system comprises a first sensor, a second sensor, a monitoring host, and an indicator, wherein the first sensor and the second sensor are arranged in a parking and braking cylinder and used for identifying the positions of a piston in the parking and braking cylinder; the first sensor is arranged in the exerting state position in the parking and braking cylinder; the second sensor is arranged in the relieving state position in the parking and braking cylinder; the monitoring host is connected with the first sensor and the second sensor, and used for judging the states of the parking and braking cylinder according to indentifying signals output by the first sensor and the second sensor, and controlling the indicator to indicate the states of the parking and braking cylinder; the indicator is connected with the monitoring host. Compared with the prior art, the monitoring system is high in reliability of locomotive parking and braking state monitoring.


In this paper, after a short comparative examination between the analogical and the digitai records, the AA. present a simple apparatus made in the « Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica » in order to read semiautomatically the analogical records of the institute in the various fields of the geopliysics. The apparatus consists in an analog digitizer, which transforms the ordinate of the record trace in a number of impulses proportional to this ordinate and prints this number on a paper tape. The hour of the ordinate and the numbers for the record identification are printed on the paper tape by means of some rotary switches. In the last part of this paper the AA. present a codex in order to identify the record, the observatory, the apparatus, etc.; this codex, is used in the « Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica ». It is analog to the codex of the UCD, but it is very different for the numerous improvements, which have been necessary for its employment in the institute. This apparatus for its simplicity makes very easy the work of the operator with a saving a lot of time; it can prepare rapidly the data in order to forward these to a digital computer for the elaboration, to compute the absolute data and the diurnal, monthly and annual variations, to research the eventual correlations, and to write the monthly bullettins directly.


In this paper we propose a method to obtain the maximum and the minimum of discrete fuzzy numbers, when the extension principle does not yield a fuzzy subset such that it satisfies the conditions of discrete fuzzy number. Moreover, in the case of discrete fuzzy numbers whose support is a subset of consecutive natural numbers, our method and the extension principle obtain the same discrete fuzzy number.


The Personnel Reaction Blank (PRB) is an important personality‐based instrument for assessing the integrity of individuals. Our study investigated the cross‐cultural applicability of its three psychological factors (Sense of Well‐being, SWB; Prosocial Background, PSB; and Compliance with Social Norms, CSN) using American and Singaporean respondent groups. Based on this three‐factor structure, the PRB demonstrated acceptable cross‐group generalizability. Mean scores for SWB, PSB, and CSN showed differences between male and female respondents, although the factor correlation matrices were invariant across gender. The mean composite score (SWB + PSB + CSN) was also not significantly different across gender.


I Canada, over the past decade, care aides' assistive and caring roles have expanded considerably due to dramatic shifts in staffing patterns in nursing homes. These shifts are due in part to tremendous health care cost pressures faced by federal and provincial governments and in part to new approaches to health care delivery. In contemporary approaches, the presence of Registered Nurses in long-term care facilities has diminished, while care aides are employed in escalating numbers. Care aides have become the most central or the most accessible/available service providers to residents. In many facilities, teams of care aides who used provided care to all residents have been abolished. Newer approaches favor consistent (non-rotating) assignment of residents to care aides. In theory, consistent assignments foster closer, more intimate relationships between care aides and nursing home residents and facilitate familiarity between care aides and families of residents. This ethnographic study is a portrayal of care aides' thoughts and feelings about their consistent assignments. Experiential data were collected from 22 care aides working in five nursing homes in a western Canadian city. The data were analyzed utilizing constant comparison to identify common themes. Care aides who were consistently assigned to residents described working without reference to each other. Some described losing contact with residents/families not assigned to them. Others described feeling overwhelmed, isolated, and confined by this mode of assignment and described a strong need for collegial fellowship and friendship. Experienced care aides stressed the importance of shared tasks, interchangeable tasks, and joint decisions, and indicated that a return to teamwork would help them to moderate or buffer the effects of stressful events and/or work environments.


The gas exchange process of the two-stroke engine is such that the flow of fresh air into the cylinder and exhaust gas out of the cylinder occur substantially together. It is therefore the case that not all of the air delivered will be trapped during this scavenge process. Extensive research has already been conducted into optimising the porting layouts of two-stroke engine cylinders. One of the techniques developed at The Queen`s University of Belfast for evaluating scavenging is a unique experimental method described as the `single cycle scavenge test`. Although the test does not reflect the actual scavenge process in a firing engine, it is a sufficiently useful procedure to have become an industrial standard for scavenge evaluation. This paper discusses the application of that test procedure in the development of a multicylinder, externally scavenged, two-stroke automotive engine. 6 refs., 18 figs.


study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of determining sires of progeny using DNA markers in a group-mating Rambouillet flock. Four Rambouillet rams were used in the matings. Blood was col- lected on rams, ewes, and lambs and DNA marker genotypes were determined using three DNA microsatellite markers. Sire assignments were made based on the geno- type results. Sires were assigned to 92% of the lambs using these three markers. Mismothering was evident in 10% of the lambs because the markers indicated that the apparent dam was not the actual dam. Without knowledge of the dam's marker genotype, sires would have been assigned to only 73% of the lambs. Using DNA analy- sis to determine paternity in a group mat- ing flock is technically feasible. The num- ber of markers required to assign paternity depends on variability among the sires for the chosen markers.