*Background.* Approximately 3-4 billion people worldwide are exposed to household air pollution (HAP) from burning solid fuels (wood, animal dung, and coal etc.). HAP has been shown to be associated with increased blood pressure (BP) in pregnant women, although the literature is sparse and inconsistent. *Methods.* The HAPIN trial is the first multi-center randomized controlled trial (RCT) to assess the efficacy of a liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) stove and fuel intervention on health. We recruited 3195 pregnant women (9 to <20 weeks' gestation) in Guatemala, India, Peru, and Rwanda and randomly assigned half of them to receive the intervention, which consisted of a LPG stove, free fuel supply and behavioral messaging to encourage exclusive LPG use during their entire pregnancy. Those assigned to the control group continued cooking with existing methods (primarily solid fuels). We measured gestational BP and personal exposure to PM_(2.5), black carbon (BC), and carbon monoxide (CO) three times during gestation: once at baseline and twice after randomization. We conducted an intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis and an exposure-response analysis to determine if the average exposure to HAP during gestation was associated with an increase in BP at final measurement compared to baseline. *Results.* In the intervention group, median 24-hour average PM_(2.5) dropped from 84 μg/m^3 at baseline to 24 μg/m^3 after the intervention; BC and CO decreased similarly. ITT analyses comparing the change of BP from baseline to final measurement showed an increase in systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) in both groups, as expected, but the increase was greater in the intervention group for both SBP (0.69 mmHg higher, 95% CI 0.03


BACKGROUND
Management of rice false smut is based mainly on chemical control, which poses many challenges in safety and environment. The other option, biological control with biofungicides doesn't have such problems but is still not as reliable due to the low systemic ability, and lower and unstable efficacy. To that end, it is necessary to combine application of chemical fungicides and BCAs, and elucidate their synergistic mechanism.

RESULTS
A combination of tebuconazole and a proven BCA, Bacillus subtilis H158, was evaluated to control rice false smut. Tebuconazole at low application rates stimulated the growth of B. subtilis, prolonged the effective period of B. subtilis by enhancing its persistence on the surface of rice plants, accelerated the biofilm formation of the BCA to facilitate colonization, promoted induced systemic resistance (ISR) in rice by regulating defense-related enzymes and genes, and reduce the natural resistance of the pathogen by suppressing the key gene for fungal resistance to tebuconazole. However, tebuconazole at high application rates had adverse effects on these aspects and showed antagonistic combination effects with B. subtilis. The combination of B. subtilis with tebuconazole at low application rates showed great synergistic effects, but that at high application rates showed only antagonistic effects in field experiments over two consecutive years.

CONCLUSION
The combination of B. subtilis with tebuconazole had significant synergistic effects when the chemical was applied at the low rates. The synergistic effects are the result of multiple mechanisms involved in BCA, rice, and the fungal pathogen. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


In an exposure field for x-ray lithography, the beam spectrum is not always the same over the field because of beam path difference, even if the power distribution is uniform. The trend becomes obvious as the field size increases. The spectral change causes critical dimension (CD) variation and degrades pattern resolution. In this article we evaluate the effect of spectral change on CD variation for a 50×50 mm exposure field with 100 nm CD patterning. Additionally, we examine the thermal displacement of the mask during beam scanning and its effect on the CD variation. We find that the heating displacement contributes a negligible amount to CD variation.


* No formal presentation will be made. The CPST information will be communicated via posters and hardware located in the facility. Photographs of that material are attached for you review and approval. Parts of the facility will be closed for this tour.


Cellular base stations for wireless communication are more widely distributed currently than before and become a highly energy-consuming system. On the supply side, large amounts of distributed photovoltaic generators are penetrating into the power grid accompanied by energy curtailment unavoidable. A methodology called "Treble-M" is adopted to build cooperation between base stations and photovoltaic generators. The models are first generated based on historical data thus typical scenarios are defined and enumerated. Some indices are proposed and regarded as guidance for optimization. Strategies are finally listed based on the characteristic of indices. In case studies, an area with distributed generators and loads is chosen for method application with detailed suggestions put forward. The verification is conducted to prove its effectiveness and feasibility.


The aims of this research is to understand the responsibility of Mickey Haller as a lawyer. By using descriptive qualitative method, the writer will describes all things in the movie itself. The data were collected from some sources, such as books in library of Senayan ,Library of STIBA Nusa Mandiri, Google books and Website. The writer found the result of analysis about an interesting character from Mickey Haller as main character. Mickey Haller is a lawyer with high responsibility in his work. It makes him never give up on solving the case at hand. Mickey Haller is known as a lawyer who can acquit his clients from criminal penalties although most of his clients are criminal such bikers, con artist, drunk drivers, and drug dealers. Besides Mickey Haller was responsible for the work, he is also responsible for the safety of his family. He protects his children and ex-wife of the evil people who do not like him. In this movie, Mickey Haller is also a person loyal to good friends and work together.Keywords: Responsibility, main character, THE LINCLON LAWYER movie.


The problems of conventional holographic display techniques, which are the requirements of a sub-micron pixel pitch and ultra-high resolution for spatial light modulators (SLMs) to enlarge the viewing zone and screen size, can be addressed using microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) SLMs combined with spatial scanning systems. Various scanning systems have been efficiently combined with high-speed image generation of MEMS SLMs based on the time-multiplexing technique. The horizontal scanning system enlarged the viewing zone and screen size, the circular scanning system provided 360° three-dimensional (3D) images, and the RGB scanning system generated color 3D images. The screen size can be increased scalably using a multichannel system based on the space-multiplexing technique. The use of a short laser pulse illumination system eliminates the mechanical scanning system and greatly simplifies the display system. The measurements of the accommodation responses of human eyes showed that 3D images generated by the screen scanning holographic display have a possibility to solve the visual fatigue issue caused by the vergence–accommodation conflict, which prevents the long-time usage of conventional 3D displays.


Wakefield correctly notes that I am interested in how mental illness (and illness generally) operates to remove moral responsibility for one's actions. Despite this, it seems at several points that he and I are talking about two different, albeit related, concepts of mental illness. 'Mental illness' is used to both explain and excuse certain behaviors, but these two functions, explanatory and exculpable, do not always operate simultaneously. As we discover biological explanations for apparently immoral behaviors, the question arises as to whether the explanation should remove the immorality and liability for punishment. The 'sick role' can be divided into two aspects. One is the role of deserving and warranting medical treatment. The other is the negation of moral responsibility. Wakefield's own example, pedophilia, involves the first sense of the sick role but not the second. Wakefield's use of this example is unusual, because it deftly highlights the limitation of his HD account. Pedophilia is a mental disorder in the sense of warranting treatment, and is a mental illness under Wakefield's model, but it is not something that negates moral responsibility. There is a sense of the term 'mental illness'—an important and, as I argue, an objective sense—that is relevant to establishing one's moral responsibility for such behaviors. In addressing my account of mental illness as though it contained two distinct answers, 'mental illness as dysfunction of rational agency, or 'mental illness as moral judgment,' it is unclear whether Wakefield takes them to be conjunctive or alternative. Hence it is worth reiterating in point form the structure of my account:


In this paper the implementation of the SVD{updating algorithm using orthonormal { rotations is presented. An orthonormal {rotation is a rotation by an angle of a given set of {rotation angles (e.g. the angles i = arctan2 ) which are choosen such that the rotation can be implemented by a small amount of shift{add operations. A version of the SVD{updating algorithm is used where all computations are entirely based on the evaluation and application of orthonormal rotations. Therefore, in this form the SVD{updating algorithm is amenable to an implementation using orthonormal {rotations, i.e., each rotation executed in the SVD{updating algorithmwill be approximated by orthonormal {rotations. For all the approximations the same accuracy is used, i.e., only r w (w: wordlength) orthonormal { rotations are used to approximate the exact rotation. The rotation evaluation can also be performed by the execution of {rotations such that the complete SVD{updating algorithm can be expressed in terms of orthonormal {rotations. Simulations show the e ciency of the SVD{updating algorithm based on orthonormal {rotations.


Molybdenum polyoxometalate (PMo)/silica mesoporous composite thin films, which can be applied as multifunctional materials for photochromic and electrochemical applications, were prepared by impregnating PMo into amino-functionalized mesoporous silica thin films. The composite thin films possess excellent reversible photochromic properties and change from colorless to blue under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. It is shown in the study that intervalence charge transfer and ligand-to-metal charge transfer are the main reasons for photochromism. After UV irradiation, the charge transfer occurs by the reduction of heteropolyanions accompanying the formation of heteropolyblues with multivalence Mo (+6, +5), and the bleaching process of composite thin films is closely related to the presence of oxygen. Moreover, the composite thin films deposited on the indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate can be used as the electrode and have many advantages, including simple fabrication, fast response, and good stability. The modified ITO electrode retains the electrochemical properties of PMo, can catalyze the electroreduction of the BrO^3−, and may be used as the current sensor for the BrO^3−.


Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and pelvic organ prolapse (POP) are two related conditions that significantly impair the quality of life. One in ten women will require primary surgery for SUI and POP. Surgical treatment of both conditions often necessitates the use of a surgical mesh material which is now known to be associated with serious complications in up to 40% of women in long term follow- up. Recently, the use of vaginal mesh products in urogyneacological procedures have been suspended in NHS hospitals in England. There appears to be an unmet and urgent need for better biomaterials to support the pelvic floor which are able to better integrate into tissues at the sites of implantation. The aim of this thesis was to develop a synthetic, degradable material for use in the female pelvic floor that can promote angiogenesis and that can integrate well into tissues.
As a first step, an in vivo assay has been developed and optimized to allow effective screening of constructed biomaterials. Biomaterials were processed with electrospinning of polylactic acid (PLA) which is a commonly used, degradable polymer for soft tissue applications. Electrospun PLA scaffolds were functionalized by incorporation of Vitamin C and Estradiol and were tested for their effects on stimulating new blood vessel formation and extracellular matrix production. As a final step, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were also tested for their ability to promote angiogenesis. The final biomaterials were always tested for suitability of their biomechanical properties for applications in the pelvic floor.
Both Vitamin C and Estradiol could effectively be incorporated into the electrospun PLA scaffolds with desirable ultrastructural and mechanical properties. Vitamin C was released from the scaffolds over several weeks whereas Estradiol was released over months. Both drugs increased the angiogenic potential of scaffolds and extracellular matrix production. Estradiol releasing electrospun PLA scaffolds resulted in the most dramatic increase in new blood vessel formation. Also MSCs had a mild stimulatory effect on angiogenesis. Future work is underway to test the Estradiol releasing scaffolds in relevant animal models.


One of the interesting and important classes of transformations in the solution of boundary value problems is the class of transformations from a boundary value to an initial value problem. A classical example is given in Blasius' solution of the steady, two-dimensional, incompressible boundary layer equations with uniform mainstream velocity [1]. This technique, when it applies, simplifies the process of obtaining numerical solutions. Otherwise a trial-and-error technique generally has to be used in order to match the boundary condition at the other point. A recent contribution by Klamkin [2] has greatly extended the range of application of the technique, and as a result, a much wider class of problems, including some simultaneous differential equations, can be solved in this manner. In the present paper, the technique is extended to cases where the boundary conditions are specified over finite intervals, i.e., from zero to a finite value of the independent variable, with one or more boundary conditions required to be specified at the initial point. It also shows that the transformation treated in previous works is not the only type of transformation possible. Similar to the class of problems treated by Blasius [1] and Klamkin [2], the boundary conditions at the initial point have to be homogeneous for the method to apply. It can be homogeneous or nonhomogeneous at the other point. The method given in this paper is developed in terms of a oneor two-parameter group of transformations, which is seen to be as simple here as in its application to the similarity analysis [3]. The concept can best be illustrated by an example. Consider the problem of steady heat conduction with linear heat generation and power-law thermal conductivity. The energy equation can be written as


The distributional record of Hypselobarbus lithopidos (Day, 1874) was from south Canara since its description and a recent record of this species from Khal River, Maharashtra raised some comments and the species identity. In order to ascertain the distribution of this species in Maharashtra and also from an east flowing river, Thunga in Karnataka, the present paper is dealt with the diagnosis and description. Also there is some taxonomic ambiguity on H. lithopidos in the published paper of the senior author on the molecular phylogeny of selected species of Hypselobarbus from peninsular India and this is also resolved based on further examination of those and with additional specimens from the same localities.


Key Points Question Are serum folate levels associated with cardiovascular mortality risk among adults with rheumatoid arthritis (RA)? Findings In this cohort study including 683 patients with RA, those with serum folate levels between 4.3 and 8.2 ng/mL and greater than 8.2 ng/mL had 48% and 56% lower cardiovascular mortality risk, respectively, compared with patients who had serum folate levels less than 4.3 ng/mL after adjusting for demographic characteristics, body mass index, C-reactive protein level, smoking, RA medication use, and comorbid conditions. Meaning In this study, serum folate levels of at least 4.3 ng/mL were associated with lower cardiovascular mortality risk among patients with RA.


Nori foodstuffs can be consumed and familiar in Indonesia. Nori products are generally based on Porphyra spp (red seaweed). Indonesia lies on the tropical region, while Porphyra spp commonly grows in the sub-tropical regions so that it is very limited in Indonesia. For this reason, an alternative nori raw materials from other seaweeds, such as Gracilaria, Caulerpa, Ulva, or a mixture of these seaweeds must be found. This study aimed to utilize Gracilaria, Caulerpa, and Ulva as Porphyra substitute to make nori analog based on their nutritional content, i.e., protein, fat, carbohydrate, moisture content, and its microstructure using SEM. Results showed that Nori from Porphyra spp had the highest protein content. Based on the microstructure analysis result showed that product sheets of film F522 (Gracilaria, Ulva, and Caulerpa mixed) were similar to the commercial nori.Protein fortification was necessary to increase the protein content of the nori analog.


Retail and consumer goods industries are considered one of the most advanced value chains with regard to electronic collaboration. Recent studies have underlined the importance of master data alignment between retailers and their suppliers in the implementation of Efficient Consumer Response (ECR). This study explores the multilateral exchange of master data in the retail supply chain using the Global Data Synchronization Network (GDSN). Based on interviews with ten data pool providers, it analyzes the current state of multilateral master data exchange as well GDSN implementation. Issues under examination include the current customer base, the service portfolios offered, and revenue models of the participating data pools. The characteristics of the sample suggest that the current GDSN landscape leads to an increasing specialization of service providers in either Mega-Pools or Local Specialists. The study characterizes these emerging types of data pools and discusses some implications on the future development of strategies for data pool providers as well as the preference of users.


Linear Elasticity with Couple Stresses.- Vectorial Microstructures: Applications to Fabrics and Granular Media.- Numerical Simulation of Interaction of Solitons and Solitary Waves in Granular Materials.- Multi-scale Modelling of Fracture in Open-Cell Metal Foams.- AFCs: Active-Stress vs. Active-Strain Modeling.- On Eshelby Tensors, Thermodynamics and Calculus of Variations.- Nonlinear Hyperbolic Equations and Linear Heat Conduction with Memory.- Mesoscopic Mechanical Analyses of Textile Composites: Validation with X-Ray Tomography.- Mechanical Response of Helically Wound Fiber-Reinforced Incompressible Non-linearly Elastic Pipes.


To solve the problem that it's hard to meet the speed of extracting satellite based hyper-spectral image feature in real-time,this paper proposed a new FPGA implementation method to extract the spectrum dimension feature values.Instead of using the RAM as the store device,this method used register array to improve the data throughput.With time-divided,parallelism and pipeline technique,maintained the feature of high speed of original architecture,and also deeply reduced the area of chip.Experiment results show that the spectrum feature values can be extracted quickly using this method,which will be an important technique support for hyper-spectral dimension reducing and data compression.


When choosing appropriate instrumentation for the procedure, the practitioner must not only consider the goal of treatment, but also the treatment path that will be required to achieve that goal. The case's specific needs should dictate the appropriate instrumentation for treatment. The benefit of the accuracy of the instrumentation must be weighed against the treatment time involved. Assuming that the practitioner can achieve the desired treatment result, the most efficient Condylar Angle Programming: The "Missing Link" in Diagnostic and Restorative Dentistry


Turmeric rhizome (Curcuma domestica Val) and Trengguli bark (Cassia fistula L) contain antioxidant compounds which can be determined by 1,1-Diphenyl-2Pycrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical inhibition method. This research was conducted to determine DPPH free radical inhibition by ethanol extract of turmeric rhizome, the ethanol extract of trengguli bark, and a combination of turmeric rhizome extract trengguli bark extract (1:1.5) with ascorbic acid as a comparison. Identification of secondary metabolite classes is performed by phytochemical screening. Antioxidant activity was performed by inhibition of free radical color of DPPH using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The study showed IC50 value of ascorbic acid, as a comparison, is 3.14 μg/mL. While ethanol extract of trengguli bark has the best antioxidant activity with IC50 value 10.98 μg/mL compare to combination ethanol extract of turmeric rhizome trengguli bark (1 :1.5) and ethanol extract of turmeric rhizome with IC50 value is 13.70 μg/ mL and 41.95 μg/mL, respectively.


Focusing on the changing relationships among the state, civil society, and science and technology (S&T) in contemporary Korean history, this article reviews the literature of science and technology studies on the politics of technoscience in South Korea. Arguing that the active role of the state in developing S&T is a defining characteristic of Korean S&T, this article first reviews the statist approaches to S&T, where the politics of technoscience involves mainly policy decisions. Then, by reviewing work on the role of nationalism in Korean technoscience, this article discusses the literature with attention to the reciprocal relationships between technoscience and political power mediated by the nationalist view of S&T. Next, this article evaluates the literature on the Biosafety and Bioethics Act, with emphasis on the interactions among diverse actors, nongovernmental organization activists in particular, in the legislative process. Finally, the literature on public participation and social movements in technoscience is discussed.


We have used fast time-resolved infrared spectroscopy to characterize a series of organometallic methane and ethane complexes in solution at room temperature: W(CO)5(CH4) and M(η5C5R5)(CO)2(L) [where M = Mn or Re, R = H or CH3 (Re only); and L = CH4 or C2H6]. In all cases, the methane complexes are found to be short-lived and significantly more reactive than the analogous n-heptane complexes. Re(Cp)(CO)2(CH4) and Re(Cp*)(CO)2(L) [Cp* = η5C5(CH3)5 and L = CH4, C2H6] were found to be in rapid equilibrium with the alkyl hydride complexes. In the presence of CO, both alkane and alkyl hydride complexes decay at the same rate. We have used picosecond time-resolved infrared spectroscopy to directly monitor the photolysis of Re(Cp*)(CO)3 in scCH4 and demonstrated that the initially generated Re(Cp*)(CO)2(CH4) forms an equilibrium mixture of Re(Cp*)(CO)2(CH4)/Re(Cp*)(CO)2(CH3)H within the first few nanoseconds (τ = 2 ns). The ratio of alkane to alkyl hydride complexes varies in the order Re(Cp)(CO)2(C2H6):Re(Cp)(CO)2(C2H5)H > Re(Cp*)(CO)2(C2H6):Re(Cp*)(CO)2(C2H5)H ≈ Re(Cp)(CO)2(CH4):Re(Cp)(CO)2(CH3)H > Re(Cp*)(CO)2(CH4):Re(Cp*)(CO)2(CH3)H. Activation parameters for the reactions of the organometallic methane and ethane complexes with CO have been measured, and the ΔH‡ values represent lower limits for the CH4 binding enthalpies to the metal center of WCH4 (30 kJ·mol−1), MnCH4 (39 kJ·mol−1), and ReCH4 (51 kJ·mol−1) bonds in W(CO)5(CH4), Mn(Cp)(CO)2(CH4), and Re(Cp)(CO)2(CH4), respectively.


Clustering structures appearing from small to large scales are ubiquitous in the physical world. Interestingly, clustering structures are omnipresent in human history too, ranging from the mere organization of life in societies (e.g., urbanization) to the development of large-scale infrastructure and policies for meeting organizational needs. Indeed, in its struggle for survival and progress, mankind has perpetually sought the benefits of unions. At the same time, it is acknowledged that as the scale of the projects grows, the cost of the delivered products is reduced while their quantities are maximized. Thus, large-scale infrastructures and policies are considered advantageous and are constantly being pursued at even great scales. This work develops a general method to quantify the temporal evolution of clustering, using a stochastic computational tool called 2D-C, which is applicable for the study of both natural and human social spatial structures. As case studies, the evolution of the structure of the universe, of ecosystems and of human clustering structures such as urbanization, are investigated using novel sources of spatial information. Results suggest the clear existence both of periods of clustering and declustering in the natural world and in the human social structures; yet clustering is the general trend. In view of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, societal challenges arising from large-scale clustering structures are discussed.


Early identification of developmental delays with timely intervention, especially before the age of 3 years, can improve child development. In Singapore, however, diagnosis and intervention for developmental delays occur at a median age of 44 months. As early detection and intervention depends on an effective developmental screening programme, we aimed to improve the detection of developmental delays before the age of 3 years in a primary care setting. We did this by implementing a novel two-tiered screening programme which uses three standardised screening tools (Parents' Evaluation of Developmental Status, PEDS-Developmental Milestones and Ages and Stages Questionnaire-3). We used quality improvement methods to integrate and optimise this two-tiered programme into the existing 9-month and 18-month screening schedule, with an additional screening at 30 months to replace the pre-existing 36-month screening of the National Child Health Surveillance Programme. A total of three Plan–Do–Study–Act cycles were performed to ensure programme feasibility and sustainability. They focused on adequately training the primary care nurses, targeting an 80% screening rate and aiming for 20 min screening tool administration time per child. We assessed the proportion of children referred to the child development units after positive screening for developmental concerns under the new programme, with a pre–post and with–without intervention comparison, and reviewed the screening rates and screening tool administration time. The proportion of 18-month old children referred for developmental concerns improved from 3.5%–7.1% over a 6-month period. For those who received further assessment by developmental specialists after the two-tiered screening, 100% received a definitive diagnosis of developmental delays, similar to the situation before programme introduction. Our quality improvement efforts facilitated successful integration of the two-tiered programme into the pre-existing screening schedule with minimal impact to the clinic workflow. While we highlight challenges in implementation that need to be addressed, our findings support a potential nationwide adoption of the two-tiered programme.


We studied 45 patients of patella fracture who were treated by surgical method from March 1990 to December 1997. The results were analysed to evaluate the functional results of the knee according to methods of fixation and severity of comminution. The results were as follows. 1. Out of 45 cases, 11 cases were treated by tension band wiring, 19 cases by modified tension band wiring, 5 cases by tension band wiring by circumferential wiring, 8 cases by circumferential wiring, and 2 cases by screw fixation. 2. The mean fracture healing period was 6.9 weeks in cases of tension band wiring, 6.5 weeks in cases of modified tension band wiring, 6.2 weeks in cases of tension band wiring with circumferential wiring, and 7.3 weeks in cases of circumferential wiring. 3. The most favorable result was obtained in cases which were fixed with tension band wiring and circumferential wiring. 4. Modified tension band wiring seems to be a good method for displaced transverse fracture


The three journals published in Murcia and related to the Generation of the 27, Suplemento Literario de La Verdad, Verso y Prosa directed by Juan Guerrero Ruiz and encouraged by Jorge Guillen, and Sudeste, formed part of the Spanish avantgarde journals panorama thanks to the participation of young writers, poets, painters, representatives of the "Young Literature".


Conventionally, public transportation has been the responsibility of the government. In developing countries, however, government-provided public transportation is often inadequate: people's mobility needs are best met by private modes, such as shared auto-rickshaws. In India, auto-rickshaws serve as a popular last-mile transportation alternative as well as a public transportation substitute. The mode share of auto-rickshaws in major Indian cities is significant. Electrifying this mode will certainly result in a significant reduction in air pollution levels. It is therefore imperative to identify the factors which influence rickshaw operators (ROs)' willingness to adopt battery-operated rickshaws (BORs) in India. The present study aims to identify and explore the factors that contribute to the adaptability of battery electric vehicles in India and measure the satisfaction level of ROs with the selected factors. By using structural equation modeling, the present research found that, from the viewpoint of 478 ROs, vehicle-related attributes and economy-related attributes are most influential on the adaptability of BORs. Furthermore, the one-way analysis of variance revealed that willingness to adopt BORs is significantly related to the age of the ROs. From the standpoint of government, as well as electric vehicle manufacturers, this study would be helpful in understanding the tastes, expectations, and needs of ROs if they adopt BORs.


Based on the finite element technology,a locomotive bogie frame is analyzed using strength simulation and test verification,take DF4D diesel locomotive bogie frame as an example,details the analysis methods of passenger car bogie frame strength is introduced in detail,combining the calculation and experimental test method is a good way to analyze the static strength of bogie frame,providing theoretical basis for reliable operation of locomotive.


We consider the time-harmonic Maxwell equations with constant coefficients in a bounded, uniformly star-shaped polyhedron. We prove wavenumber-explicit norm bounds for weak solutions. This result is pivotal for convergence proofs in numerical analysis and may be a tool in the analysis of electromagnetic boundary integral operators.


This paper is the second continuation of lightweight timber frame floor construction investigation with a respect to impact noise isolation. We will log on to previous article which dealt with mockup investigation of new LWTF floor conception. The main objectives of research is to design lightweight floor with good impact sound insulation performance to achieve low cost and reduce thickness of construction. In the following chapters well outline results of new floor model on lightweight timber frame construction implemented in laboratory conditions in Belgian Building Research Institute in Limelette, Belgium.


Most of the published design studies of fusion and hybrid blankets have proposed lead or beryllium as neutron multipliers. In view of the important role played by these two, it is vital to have reliable neutron cross-section data for them. Of late, there have been some more differential and integral measurements, but there seems to be considerable disagreement as to the adequacy of the data. Hence, there is a need for more measurements. Recently the activation rates were measured along the axis of the Haefely generator-multiplier (18-cm-thick Be/15-cm Pb) assembly. The individual slabs were each kept at 10 cm from the flat surface of the generator. /sup 90/Zr(n,2n) was used instead of /sup 58/Ni(n,2n) as the former has higher activation cross section; the threshold is nearly the same for the two. The measured and computed profiles were compared and it was found that both agreed within 10%. The radial profiles of zirconium and indium activation rates (determined per source neutron per detector nucleus) using the DOT3.5 code and the 46-group cross-section library with P/sub 3/-S/sub 16/ approximations have been computed. The source intensity value was deduced for each experiment by least-squares fitting of measured zirconium activation rates as a functionmore » of the computed rates. It is to be noticed that, in general, there is a good agreement between the measured and computed values up to /approx/25 cm. Beyond this radius, there is considerable disagreement between the two, in particular for In/Zr activity ration. 11 refs., 3 figs.« less


Financial support from the U.S. Department of Energy, Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Vehicle Technologies, Automotive Lightweight
Materials Program under contract DE-AC05-00OR 22725 with UT-Battelle, LLC is gratefully acknowledged.


This article analyses the reports of Science and Maths' teachers, who were students on a Master's degree course in Sciences and Mathematics Education. The research aims at identifying the principles which underpin the pedagogic work of the teachers involved in the research. In order to identify these principles, an analysis was made of the texts written by the teachers answering questions related to their pedagogic practices. Among the several conclusions, the paper emphasises that it is necessary to diversify methodological procedures in the classroom, contextualizing the content, and departing from the students' previous knowledge, aiming to guarantee them the development of more complex knowledge which contributes to the formation of critical citizens.


1. The relative development of the motor facial nucleus was studied, using brain specimens of 91 species of animals, including 83 mammals, the domestic fowl (cock and hen), 6 reptiles and a frog.2. The relative development of the nucleus was determined by the ratio of the total number of the cells in the right and the left halves of the nucleus counted on the serial transverse sections of the above specimens to the area of the tegmentum of the brain stem at a certain level.3. In the non-mammalian animals, the relative number of the cells in the motor facial nucleus is very small.4. The relative number in the mammals was small in the order of Monotremata, generally large in Marsupialia, Insectivora, Chiroptera and Rodentia and moderately large in Cetacea, Ungulata, Carnivora and Prosimiae. In higher Primates it is small and particularly small in man. In Edentata also it is generally small.5. A comparative study of the findings has revealed that the development of the motor facial nucleus depends more on the development of the platysma than on that of the face musculature.


A model for modeling and analyzing the dynamics of cracked crankshaft was developed,and the nonlinear vibrations of the cracked crankshaft were simulated and analyzed.A crankshaft with a frequent crack in crankpin-web fillet region was investigated,and a finite element model based on combination of Timoshenko beam element and cracked bean element was proposed.The breathing behavior of the crack and the motion characteristic of crankshaft under operating condition were studied,and a model of nonlinear motion was established in a rotating coordinate system.A crankshaft of four in-line cylinder engine was applied as an example,and the vibration response of crankshafts with different depth crack was simulated.The study indicates that the model proposed for cracked crankshaft is compact and effective;the analysis on dynamics of cracked crankshaft lays a theoretical foundation for the diagnosis on crack fault of crankshaft.


The author investigates the relation of Hegel and Savigny both in biographic and intellectual terms. Even though the notion of custom (Gewohnheit, Sitte) is central in the work of both authors, it nevertheless leads them to quite different assessments of the role of law, reason and philosophy.


This thesis is offering a brief overview of turbo-codes problems. The introduction explains fundamental terms of transmission channels, convolutional codes and concatenated codes. The thesis main part contains a description of the key features of turbo-codes, the structure of turbo encoder and the chosen interleaver types function explanation. There si also a chapter describing in detail the principle of decoding algorithm MAP and the iterative decoding strategy. A short discourse of turbo-codes application and an example demonstrating the process of an encoding and decoding closes the theoretical part of this thesis. The practical part contains computer simulations results of AWGN channel turbo-code performance obtained by the programmed turbo-codec.


Traditionally, design engineers and materials scientists have adopted very different approaches. Natural scientists are concerned with building a body of knowledge about objects or phenomena—their characteristics, behavior, and interactions. Designers, on the other hand, are concerned with how to synthesize and realize artifacts that have desired properties or functionality and fulfill a purpose or attain a goal [1]. Primarily, new materials have been developed with empirical, trial-and-error techniques prominent in the natural sciences. Integration of design engineering and materials science has been limited mostly to the selection of an appropriate material from a finite set of available materials with experimentally determined properties. In contrast, materials designers wish to tailor the material structure itself along with associated processing paths to achieve desirable material properties and performance. The structure and successful performance of a product or system is linked strongly with the properties and performance of its constituent materials; thus, performance objectives for a material and a larger system are interdependent for most applications. By concurrently designing a product and its constituent materials, innovative, high-performance, product-material systems can be realized. Moreover, as we increasingly fabricate and utilize multiphase materials, cellular materials, and heterogeneous MEMS, NEMS, and biomedical devices, it is nearly impossible to distinguish issues of materials design from those of the design of larger systems or assemblies. Certainly, it is essential to design material concurrently along with a complex product to achieve breakthroughs in robust, superior, system performance. Accordingly, systematic, effective, efficient methods are needed for designing materials along with the products and systems in which they are integrated. Many of the challenges associated with materials design motivate a systems-based design approach. For example, materials design is an inherently multi-scale activity. Desired properties and performance characteristics often depend on phenomena that span length scales from angstroms to meters and time scales from picoseconds to years. Most applications require materials that satisfy multiple functions, such as structural load bearing and thermal transport, and these requirements cannot be defined in isolation from overall system conditions and requirements. These requirements include the product in which a material is integrated and the product's operating environment. While it is challenging to develop physics-based models that capture relevant process-structure-property relations on different scales for diverse functions, it is also difficult to link the corresponding models in a manner that facilitates exploration of the systems-level design space by a collaborative team of expert designers. The complexity and restricted domain of application of physics-based models often limit explicit integration of models across length and time scales. Therefore, critical issues include collaborative, distributed, multiobjective decision making among multiple experts and integration of heterogeneous, distributed software applications and databases for facilitating synthesis and selection of promising alternatives. Systematic communication, translation, archiving, and retrieval of design information are also important. To facilitate efficient exploration of a broad design space, model approximations may be utilized. The uncertainty associated with predictions of approximate or detailed models, the model uncertainty associated with limited data and knowledge, and the system variability associated with materials' morphology variations must be considered, especially when information propagates through a series of models with associated assumptions, approximations, and variability and when models are utilized near the limits of their accepted domains of application.Copyright © 2004 by ASME


Over the past few years a considerable body of research has illuminated the changing geographies of service provision in rural Australia. Mostly, this work has emphasised the quantitative aspects of restructuring, by way of documenting numerical reductions in service delivery points and their implications for local employment and service access. In this paper, an examination of recent restructuring within the dealership system for high-horsepower tractors underlines that these quantitative changes also intersect with qualitative shifts to the character of service delivery. Interviews with 31 participants in the tractor dealership system of Central-West New South Wales reveal the recent evolution of a producer-driven supply chain in which two dominant, multinational, tractor-machinery companies have sought to exercise tighter control over customer relations through the restructuring of franchise agreements with dealers. There has been a resultant demise of the independent dealership, and its replacement by a system of standardised, company-affiliated outlets operated by franchise holders. Hence, the spatial restructuring of this industry represents the surface manifestations of corporate strategies in which large economic entities are re-organising their interests in light of globalised theatres of competition and profit. In this sense, the tractor-dealership system is emblematic of changes to power and control in rural service provision as the franchise models propagated by large corporate interests increasingly subsume the small-business sector activities of Australia's rural towns.


Objective Our purpose was to detect hypertension and to reduce the harm caused by high blood pressure through a remote blood pressure monitoring system and treatment of traditional Chinese medicine,In addition,we discussed about community awareness of hypertension patients.Methods We randomly selected 152 patients,age(50-60),average age(54.2±5.3) with no previous history of hypertension and coronary heart disease.Each patient had a week of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring(ABPM).Results Total patients with hypertension were found 93 cases(93/152,61.18%),in which simple systolic blood pressure in patients 47(47/152,30.92%),first degree hypertension patient 32(32/152,21.05%),second degree hypertension patient 14(14/152,9.21%).Whenever abnormal blood pressures were detected,doctors would review illness history and contact patients through video or audio meeting in internet,diagnose the troubles and so understanding of his illness.Then doctors can timely guide life style and treat with traditional Chinese method.As results,the simple systolic blood pressure group found normal 47 cases(47/47,100%),the first degree hypertension group found normal 29 cases(29/32,90.62%),the second degree hypertension group found normal 10 cases(10/14,71.42 %),total Switch to normal blood pressure 86(86/93,92.47%).Systolic blood pressure compared before and after treatment in each group showed differences show(P 0.01).Conclusion Hypertension can be found through remote monitoring of blood pressure among community residences without previous history of illness.Through Timely guidance of life,treatments of traditional Chinese method,there was a clear antihypertensive effect.


Background:
 Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are involved in the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. TLR9 is an intracellular TLR which is located in the endosome and recognizes CpG-DNA. The role of TLR9 in ischemic stroke has not been investigated. We hypothesized that TLR9 activation would induce protection against cerebral I/R injury.

 Methods:
 To evaluate our hypothesis, we treated C57BL/6 mice with CpG-ODN (10 μg/mouse, n=8), by i.p. injection one hr before the mice were subjected to cerebral ischemia (60 min) followed by reperfusion (24 hrs). Scrambled-ODN served as control-ODN (10 μg/mouse, n=8). Untreated mice, subjected to cerebral I/R, served as I/R control (n=8). We also examined the effect of inhibitory CpG-ODN (iCpG-ODN), a TLR9 antagonist, on cerebral I/R injury (n=8). In addition, the therapeutic effect of CpG-ODN on cerebral I/R injury was investigated by i.v. injection of CpG-OND 15 min after cerebral ischemia.

 Results:
 CpG-ODN administration significantly attenuated cerebral I/R induced infarct volume (↓ 75.8%, p<0.05) improved neurological scores and increased survival rate when compared with the untreated I/R group. Of greater significance, therapeutic administration of CpG-ODN also significantly reduced infarct volume by 52.6% (p<0.05) compared with untreated I/R mice. Neither control-ODN, nor iCpG-ODN altered I/R-induced cerebral injury or neurological deficits. Nissl staining showed preservation of neuronal morphology in the ischemic hippocampus in CpG-ODN treated mice. Immunoblot showed that CpG-ODN administration increased Bcl-2 levels and attenuated Bax, Fas-L, TNF-α, and caspase-3 activity in ischemic brain tissues. CpG-ODN treatment also significantly increased the levels of p-Akt and p-GSK-3β. PI3K inhibition with LY29004 abolished CpG-ODN-induced protection against cerebral I/R injury.

 Conclusion:
 The data suggest that the TLR9 ligand, CpG-ODN, significantly reduces focal cerebral I/R injury via a PI3K/Akt-dependent mechanism. The data also indicates that therapeutic administration of CpG-ODN during cerebral ischemia is effective in reducing cerebral I/R injury.


Illegal immigration is a global problem.Theoreticians have discussed and investigated the problem for many years.The writer put to it within the last years academic circles,overview, and on the foundation ascends to put forward the academic circles as to the investigative shortage and the study trend for the further research.


Previous studies point to the lack of bargaining power of Japanese labor union because they are organized at enterprize level. However, detailed examination of institutional setting backed by Labor Standard Law and Trade Union Law reveals that unions have strong bargaining power against the deterioration of work conditions. This paper examines the union differentials in wages and overall compensation packages, using Japan General Social Surveys 2000-2003 that covers the period of economic stagnation. We find a robust union wage premium for both males and females. An Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition reveals that about one third of union workers' higher wage is explained by the difference in the wage structures of the union and nonunion sectors. We also can confirm the union-wage compression effect using the DiNardo, Fortin, and Lemieux (1996) method. Union workers are likely to think that they would not find jobs with similar compensation packages if they were to leave their current jobs. In sum, unions in Japan contribute to increase the average wage and compress wage distribution among its workers. This result is reconciled with the previous findings by considering the difference in the macro economic conditions of the sample period.


In this article,different generations of amine terminated polyamidoamine dendrimers reacted with 1,8-naphthalic anhydride in DMF solvent.The dendrimers modified with peripheral 1,8-naphthalimide groups of 3.0 G and 5.0 G PAMAM were synthesized.The related products were named as D3 and D5,respectively,and they were characterized by FT-IR,UV-Vis,fluorophotometer and element analysis.The results showed that amidation reactions occurred between 1,8-naphthalic anhydride and PAMAM and the structures of the products were in accordance with the expectation.Through dissolving investigation of the D3 and D5,their possible solvent is the mixture of chloroform and ethanol(1 ∶1 in volume).Because of the fixation of the naphthalin rings on PAMAM,the naphthalin of ground state and the naphthalin of excited state can form associations.The study of fluorescent property indicated that a new peak value centered at 471 nm on the fluorescence emission spectra of D3 and D5 because of the associations formation.


—Effective maintenance management is essential to reduce the adverse effect of equipment failure to operation. This is accomplished by accurately predicting the equipment failure such that appropriate actions can be planned and taken in order to minimize the impact of equipment failure to operation. This paper presents a development of model based on Markov process for a degraded multi-state system to evaluate the system performance. The system degradation was quantified by five distinct level of system's production output ranging from perfect functioning state to complete failure with zero output. At any point in time, the system can experience Poisson failure from any state upon which an imperfect repair will be performed while imperfect preventive maintenance will be performed at the last acceptable state as indicated by minimum acceptable production output. This research explored a method of estimating of transition matrix for the five state Markov process by utilizing production output data. The results indicate the applicability of Markov where comparison with traditionally binary model is presented.


Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Malaysia ABSTRACT: The importance of the early design stage has often been highlighted whereby many noted that changes and improvements in the design process are relatively easy to make at the beginning of the process, but become increasingly difficult and disruptive if carried out at later stages. The amount of information made available to a designer at the early design stage in many ways contributes to the quality of the design produced. This paper illustrates the use of quantified-based design tools to assess and configure a wall envelope component for a high rise building, so as to provide a more informed design route. The exercise was a design project conducted at the Department of Architecture, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. At the schematic design stage, the building form and envelope configuration options were reviewed using several tools of analysis that include simplified design tools, spreadsheet and sophisticated computer simulation software. This exercise serves to demonstrate an environmental conscious design procedure to students of architecture. Keywords: Envelope design, Quantified design process


CAB , Compared to the Affinity of the Saplings Abstract CAB 6 P variety, selected vegetative subspecies of P. cerasium (clone of marasca and vigo) has spread widely recently in Albania, is derived from In vitro propagation, distinguishes for features that make it interesting in the conventional propagation. Some root stocks varieties are propagated but their grafting with the country varieties are done without enough experimental data. Our study consisted in compare of seedlings CAB 6 P ( in vitro ) x Bigarreau Burlat with P. mahaleb ( in vivo ) x Bigarreau Burlat thus for cherry varieties, determined by our study, the best nurses; CAB 6 P in vitro , or with rootstock derived from the seed and P. mahaleb with cv Burlat . Cv Hatif Bigarreau Burlat , the best results have given it with rootstock in vivo P. mahaleb , in the indicators no of roots 12. 6; versus, those in vitro: of in P. mahaleb and 17.8 in CAB 6P. Though in the indicator of survival percentage No. of shoots successfully and callusing has been without variability. The seedlings weight has good quantitative and qualitative (morphological) indicators, respectively, 650 P. mahaleb and 750 CAB 6 P. In indicators: percentage of catching/per plant and weight of seedlings with P. mahaleb like rootstock and CAB 6 P in vitro did not present variables. As well as from the morphological point of view, it makes us conclude that the measurements had to be done a little later, because seedlings of Burlat x CAB 6P in vitro it should have taken a little longer to mature.


One of the active research issues in image processing is super resolution, which is used to boost picture resolution. The super resolution of a single image is obtained by rebuilding high-resolution (HR) pictures from low-resolution (LR) damaged pho tos (RSISR). This research examines publicly accessible datasets, RSISR assessment measures, and self-learning RSISR techniques. Comparisons are made in terms of reconstruction quality and computing efficiency utilising the self-learning RSISR technique and datasets.


The invention provides a bamboo original state multiparty recombination material, which is characterized in that the external surface of the position of bamboo segment with equivalent diameter are processed into regular polygonal bamboo units; bamboo recombination material is obtained by arranging the bamboo units in parallel by the edges of the cross sections, vertical finger joint and prolonged bonding. The basic manufacturing method comprises the sawing of segments, milling of regular polygons, milling of finger tenons, glue application and assembly, compression and heating, cold solidification and other working procedures. The edges of the regular polygonal bamboo units range from four to eight. The bamboo original state multiparty recombination material has the advantages that bamboo has the physical structural characteristics of hollowness, conicity and bamboo joint; by arranging the hollow bamboo units in parallel by the edges and extending vertically at will, the recombination material maintains the natural structure of bamboo, and structural material with high strength, long length and large span can be manufactured; the material can replace wood, improve the utilization ration of bamboo, save forest resources, and can replace concrete, steel and other structural materials in certain usages, and the natural-intimate ability of structural material is improved.


This paper investigates asset pricing in a three-period overlapping generations (OLG) model economy where each generation lives as young, middle-aged and old. There is one perishable consumption good in the economy and two types of traded securities in the capital market: a bond and a share of equity. Implications for asset pricing and security returns of an increasing risk aversion are explored by allowing each agent's coefficient of relative risk aversion to vary with his age; the middle-aged consumer has a higher aversion to risk than the young and the old consumers are more risk averse than the middle-aged ones. Our model produces high equity premium without requiring very large levels of consumer risk aversion; a result more consistent with the U.S. data. We further modify our model to reflect the U.S. demographic trend of an increasing share of older age group. This new specification generates an even higher equity premium and a lower risk-free rate of return with an added desirable result of a lower standard deviation for the risk premium.


This study investigates the applicability of ponded ash as backfill materials using air foam technology. The objective of this study is to recycle as much as ponded ash with a small amount of cement quantity. Various ponded ash contents as the replacement for different cement-ponded ash mixtures were used to evaluate applicability as backfill materials. The fresh and hardened properties of all combinations were determined by conducting flowability, setting time, unconfined compressive strength (UCS) test. Also, leaching test and salt concentration analysis were performed to evaluate the availability of ponded ash as backfill materials. The test results showed that cement-ponded ash mixture with air foam could be used as backfill materials in terms of mechanical and environmental properties.


The present study assessed the taste responsiveness of four female spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi) to the 20 proteinogenic amino acids and determined taste preference thresholds for Glycine and L ...


A study on rodent species diversity and community assemblages in West Mt
Kilimanjaro was conducted in seven different habitats, covering two dry
and wet seasons. Data were collected using a combination of medium-sized
Sherman's live traps, snap and Havarhart traps, for three consecutive
nights. General Linear Models (GLM) were used to analyze the effects of
predictors (vegetation attributes, seasonality, soil physical
properties, disturbance and altitude) on rodent species richness and
abundance. Community structure analysis was conducted in the Primer v6
program and Canonical correspondence analysis for habitat association in
PAST. A total of 1,393 individuals from 14 species of rodents were
trapped. The most dominant rodent species were Rhabdomys
pumilioPraomys delectorum, and Lophuromys verhageni which
contributed to 68.86% of the total captures. Lophuromys
verhageni occurred across all the habitats and seasons. Moreover,
habitat types, seasonality, soil texture, ground cover, and altitude
significantly influenced rodent species abundance (P< 0.05).
Furthermore, habitat types, seasonality and altitude significantly
influenced rodent species richness (F8, 759 = 629.7, p< 0.001,
R2 = 0.87). In addition to that, two major rodent communities were
formed in different habitats. The results show that rodent species
richness, abundance, and community assemblages in Mt Kilimanjaro, are a
result of change in vegetation structure along the altitudinal
gradients. Therefore, information on habitat requirements of multiple
species is crucial for the management and conservation of these
communities.


DIN 4747 is concerned with district heating plants-technical safety executionof house substations as connection to heating water district heating networks. This standard has to be revised


The pyridine nitrogen of the 2-aminopyridine group is sufficiently nucleophilic to undergo intramolecular cyclizations, thereby preventing competing Mitsunobu and other substitution reactions from proceeding at a remote site. Double protection of the 2-amino group effectively blocked reaction at the pyridine nitrogen. This is a rare example of the use of a remote protecting group to block another group from reacting.


Wound healing as a speciality is in its orphan stages, and it remains important that all clinical information is recorded and evaluated, including 'real-life' experience. While clinical studies remain important, with the randomised controlled trial being the gold standard, 'reallife' experience is often more useful and practical for clinicians on the front line. The creation of a registry will allow the capture and more importantly the use of this data as validation of a clinical approach. To aid the development of wound care as a clinical specialty we believe the registry approach will become accepted as an additional model for collecting data for new treatments for patients with wounds. When collected and stored in a registry the data can be examined for a variety of parameters, including usage statistics, adverse event reporting and successful outcome data. This robust economic and epidemiological data on wounds and wound prevention and treatment, both nationally and internationally, is essential for effective evidence-based decision making leading to the adoption of cost-effective wound prevention and treatment solutions and planning for service delivery in the future, in particular for cost-strained healthcare systems. The provision and uptake of best prevention and treatment for acute and chronic wounds are hampered by the fragmentation of health funding and health service provision globally. Treatments that may reduce cost to the health system as a whole are not embraced as the increased cost to those delivering the treatment is not directly compensated. The savings are therefore not realised. A more global view of the benefits of improved healing needs to be embraced and for this to happen, policy and decision makers need robust data and evidence. This requires the demonstration that health interventions are effective at reducing the problem, and critically, that these are costeffective. Until this information is obtained, allocation of resources to wound prevention and treatment at an appropriate level, and with appropriate treatments and interventions, will not occur. National and International Wound Registries will allow the combined epidemiology and economics of wound prevention and treatment across the global diverse healthcare landscapes for the first time. This activity will highlight the gaps in knowledge and inform future clinical trials to be managed within the healthcare environments. Such registries exist in many other clinical areas and geographies. Now it is time for this to become a reality in wound care. The input of data however has to be cognisant of the environment in which wound carers work. It has to be both practical and sensible. The creation of such a registry and input process should be user defined and driven, opposed to technologically driven. For clinicians involved in this subject as you see the emergence of this type of activity it is in your best interest to become involved and participate. If we are going to emerge from the orphan subject we are today we need data – hard and fast!


The utility model relates to an AC sampling AC current and voltage measuring circuit, comprising a sampling circuit, comparison circuit and a single chip microprocessor. The sampling circuit transform the AC signals to be measured in the return circuit into am AC signal output to be measured with fixed proportion. The comparison circuit measures the frequency of the signal to be measured and send them out to the single chip microprocessor to sample in which the A/D conversion convert the signal to be measured accordingly and send them to the CPU in the microprocessor which compare the frequency signal in the comparison circuit, decide the frequency of the AC signal sampling, calculate the AC signal and send out the result. The utility model samples directly with the advantages of real-time measurement, high accuracy, quick response, simple structure, low production cost and high efficiency.


A38-year-old previously healthy man presented to an outside hospital with nonproductive cough, shortness of breath, leftsided chest pain, fevers, chills, and weight loss. One month before presentation, he traveled to Tijuana, Mexico, on a mission trip that included foundation work for new homes. He was raised in Hawaii, resides in Michigan, and had previous travel to Mexico and Colombia for mission work. At initial presentation, chest computed tomography demonstrated bibasilar atelectasis and left lower lobe consolidation with air bronchograms; he was treated for community-acquired pneumonia with 1 week of levofloxacin. His symptoms persisted, and he presented to our hospital on day 10 of illness. On examination, he was found to have decreased breath sounds and dullness to percussion at the left lung base. Laboratory evaluation revealed a peripheral leukocyte count of 12.9 K/μL with 7.4% eosinophils. Chest x-ray confirmed a large left pleural effusion (Fig. 1), and computed tomography scan of chest demonstrated the large effusion and several borderline-enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes but no underlying mass, cavity, or parenchymal disease. Thoracentesis was performed, and pleural fluid analysis revealed an exudative effusion with 11% eosinophils; routine, aerobic, fungal, and mycobacterial pleural fluid stains and cultures were negative. Human immunodeficiency virus, Quantiferon Gold, (1 → 3)-β-D-glucan, and serum galactomannan assays were negative. Strongyloides antibody was positive. Bartonella henselae immunoglobulin G (IgG) was positive (1:256), and immunoglobulin M (IgM) was negative. Q fever phase I and phase II IgG antibodies were positive (1:16 and 1:256, respectively). Fungal serologies were nonreactive for Blastomyces and Histoplasma by complement fixation and immunodiffusion, and reactive for Coccidioides by complement fixation at 1:2 but negative by immunodiffusion. The patient was treated with ivermectin on day 14 and was started on daily fluconazole on day 19. He was readmitted on day 27 for recurrent massive left pleural effusion. Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery with decortication and bronchoscopy was performed on day 32 with drainage of loculated left-sided pleural effusion. Pleural biopsy was obtained, with findings as shown in Figures 2 and 3.


Aim:  The changes in the serum hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and transforming growth factor (TGF)‐beta1 levels after portal vein embolization (PVE), and their clinical significance, remain unclear and we aimed to assess their relationship.


Abstract α s1 -I Casein is the large peptide derived from α s1 -casein by splitting off the N-terminal peptide (residues 1 to 23) by the action of chymosin. α s1 -I casein has been in a variety of cheeses and is thought to have a relationship to cheese texture. Properties of α s1 -I and α s1 -caseins were compared. No marked differences were found in conformation between α s1 -I and α s1 -caseins when analyzed by ultracentrifugation and circular dichroism. Calcium-binding capacities were similar, but α s1 -I casein lacked calcium sensitivity characteristic of α s1 -casein. It is suggested that the hydrophobic N-terminal region of α s1 -casein plays an important role in its precipitation by calcium 2+ .


Population‐based studies show that sleep problems and psychological symptoms may increase the risk of musculoskeletal pain onset in children/adolescents. However, there is no evidence of these associations within primary care settings, where interventions can take place. This study investigated whether children/adolescents who consulted their general practitioner for sleep problems or psychological symptoms are at higher risk of subsequent consultations for musculoskeletal conditions.


In this contribution we study the polarizing capabilities of multilayer structures loaded with birefringent negative indexed materials (BNIM), naturally occurring at optical frequencies. To this end, we have developed a general formulation valid for any characteristic property of birefringent media. Numerical results together with some remarks about possible practical implementations of the proposed components are also given.


Abstract Background Large improvements in childhood cancer survival have been reported over recent decades. Data from cancer registries have the advantage of providing a 'whole of population' approach to gauge the success of cancer control efforts. Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate recent survival estimates for children diagnosed with cancer Australia and to examine the extent of changes in survival over the last 35 years. For the first time, we also estimated the number of deaths among Australian children that were potentially avoided due to improvements in survival. Methods A retrospective, population‐based cohort study design was used. Case information was extracted from the Australian Childhood Cancer Registry for 1983–2016, with follow‐up to 31 December 2017. Eligible children were aged 0–14 with a basis of diagnosis other than autopsy or death certificate only. Five‐year relative survival was calculated using the semi‐complete cohort method for three diagnosis periods (1983–1994, 1995–2006 and 2007–2016), and changes in survival over time were assessed via flexible parametric models. Avoided deaths within 5 years for those diagnosed between 1995 and 2016 were estimated under the assumption that survival rates remained the same as for 1983–1994. Results Overall 5‐year survival within the study cohort (n = 20,871) increased from 72.8% between 1983 and1994 to 86.1% between 2007 and 2016, equating to an adjusted excess mortality hazard ratio of 1.82 (95% confidence interval 1.67, 1.97). Most cancers showed improvements in survival; other gliomas, hepatoblastoma and osteosarcoma were exceptions. Among children diagnosed between 1995 and 2016, 38.7% of expected deaths within 5 years of diagnosis (n = 1537 of 3970) were avoided due to temporal improvements in survival. Conclusions Survival for childhood cancer has continued to improve over recent years, thanks mainly to ongoing progress in treatment development combined with improved supportive care. Providing innovative measures of survival, such as avoided deaths, may assist with understanding outcome data produced by cancer registries.


In order to use software development environments conveniently and efficiently, this paper proposes a design scheme for integrated environment for the software development of web-based application patterns and gives instances developed under the environment. This scheme adopts browser/server architecture with Web frameset as its user interface, network intermediate components as its business process center, and uses I/O redirection to realize human-machine interaction. This paper implements the sharing of development environments, provides multi-user online use, extends computer environment, thus providing a convenient practical platform for numerous programming learners.


In this work we formalize new findings on formal Arabic language by constructing equivalence classes on letters depending on inversion principle. This equivalent relation furnishes a conjecture that Arabic language has a DNA-like inversion controller, called language DNA (LDNA) (Al-Rawajfeh, 2020, Ref [2]) and it can be even considered as a part of the full language DNA that can be discovered by more investigations similar to this work.


High-density low-effective-mass plasmas in semiconductors allow plasma and cyclotron frequencies in the ultramicrowave range. It is proposed that the birefringence of these magnetoplasmas be utilised for gyratory devices such as circulators, isolators etc. at millimetre wavelengths. The conditions for the feasibility of these devices are discussed and are shown to be satisfied in practical cases. Experiments are described that demonstrate the existence of the circularly polarised semiconductor-plasma waves necessary for these devices.


Abstract Five new compounds, iranginins A–E (1–5), together with sixteen known compounds were isolated from the insect pathogenic fungus Ophiocordyceps irangiensis BCC 2728. The structures and the absolute configurations of the new compounds were established by spectroscopic analyses, the application of modified Mosher's method (for 2), ECD calculation (for 5), and X-ray crystallographic analysis (for 4). LL-Z1640-5 and mucorisocoumarin C were active against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MIC 41.7 and 85.0 µM, respectively), while peyroisocoumarin D exhibited cytotoxic activity (IC50 65.6 µM). Graphical Abstract


The talks about the horizontality of Internet activism and the advent of social media applications have drawn great attention recently where leadership, organization and coordination are no longer tasks of a movement's leadership, but also the general participants. This content analysis research attempts to show how the Egyptian 6 th of April Youth Movement framed its own activism and what this multiplicity of actors-based framing meant to social movement discourse. The significance of this study lies in its potential to contribute to the understanding of diverse frames by leaders and participants, with the latter rapidly emerging as new agents of social movements. The findings show that the leadership and participants used similar cause, motivational and consequence frames (the three social movement framing tasks), but the leadership used these frames more frequently than the participants and had a larger influence than the participants in the overall framing of the 6 th of April Youth Movement.


Novel surface-micromachined focusing mirrors have been designed, fabricated, and tested. The mirrors are constructed from concentric rings of polysilicon and gold, and connected by thin bridges of polysilicon. The outer ring of the mirror is lifted out of the plane of the substrate using thermal actuators to change the mirror's focal length. The focal lengths for 1 mm diameter mirrors have been driven over the range of 7.39 mm to 14.36 mm at frequencies beyond 120 Hz. The mirror may be able to correct both pincushion and barrel distortion. Applications for this mirror include shaping laser spots for laser radars and holographic data storage, and dynamic focusing onto photodetectors for communication systems.


The theme of this interesting book is that business values are changing, and that moral and social responsibilities are now viewed by many business managers as important corporate concerns. What is the purpose of the fi rm? What principles should guide its actions? How should it interact with others—both institutions and individuals—within our society? Such questions, Lynn Sharp Paine says from her position as a well-published scholar and well-traveled consultant, are now taken seriously. That, she admits, was not always the case:


Many of the cardiovascular diseases pathologic components are closely related to reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism deregulation (oxidative stress). For example, LDL oxidation, endothelial dysfunction and inflammatory processes are partially mediated by increase of cellular ROS production. Other conditions associated with cardiovascular disease as insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome are also characterized by ROS overproduction and excessive oxidative stress. In this article ROS participation in these pathologic processes is reviewed.


The mechanism for the deneutralization of a positive ion beam during the excitation of plasma waves in a neutralizing electron background is studied. The deneutralization of extended fast beams which are not too dense is governed by not only the electron heating through Coulomb collisions with beam ions but also the longitudinal acceleration of electrons by the fields of the electron waves excited by the beam. Experimental data which have been obtained on the constant and varying beam potentials during a nonlinear ion-electron interaction are consistent with calculations based on the trapping of electrons by wave fields.


Endogenous Digitalis-Like Factor (DLF) is a putative hypothalamic Na+,K+-ATPase inhibitor that mediates natriuresis in response to intravascular volume expansion or sodium loading. The precise structure of this substance remains unknown; however, it cross-reacts with antibody to digoxin. Using a radioimmunoassay, we measured DLF concentrations in 26 normal subjects: mean value of this factor was 0.512 ng digoxin-equivalents/ml +/- 0.038 SEM; DLF correlated significantly with serum sodium levels (r = 0.59 - p less than 0.01) and daily urinary sodium excretion (r = 0.48 - p less than 0.05). Our results confirm that endogenous digitalis-like factor has a physiological role as regulator of natriuresis, in response to plasma sodium concentrations.


Today tsunami hazard has become an important aspect in national security of
coastal area of Indonesia. Tsunami disaster in the Indian Ocean 2004 has caused a
lot of buildings damaged and probably the greatest loss of lives ever due to
tsunami. Aceh district suffered the greatest losses in terms of damage to
infrastructures and loss of lives. The incident has made Aceh realized that they too
are vulnerable to tsunami. After the tsunami of 26 December 2004, Aceh once
again struck by a tsunami in the area of Simeulue and Nias Islands on 26 March
2005. Yet another potential earthquake generated tsunami measuring over 8 on the
Richter Scale occurred in Aceh on 11 April 2012 which resulted in a low tide in
Ulee Lheue Beach Banda Aceh. Although the earthquake did not generate
tsunami, it has made Acehnese more alert and learned how to prepare against such
horrible hazard. After The Indian Ocean Tsunami 2004 in Aceh, houses and other
buildings were reconstructed by government, LSM, and Non-Governmental
Organization (NGO). The new buildings near the coast line are open directly to
tsunami attack.
This research aims to analyze the tsunami force on buildings of different
types, and the effect of other buildings nearby. The research was conducted using
physical model at the Hydraulic and Hydrology Laboratory, Research Centre for
Engineering Science, Gadjah Mada University Indonesia. The physical model
simulations were carried out in a wave flume of 24 m long, 1.45 m wide, and 1.5
m high, that was facilitated with tsunami generator based on dam break system.
The building models were made of plywood and were placed in a row
perpendicular to the flume. The distance between the buildings was varied to
observe the effect of the gaps.
The result shows that tsunami force is greater on high building due to larger
projected area exposed to tsunami. Based on the application of a new formula obtained from the research � = 1 2 �� ( (��1+22)2�1)2, the force on high building is 69%
greater than on the low building. Tsunami force also depends on the gap between
buildings. The narrower is gap the greater is the force. A new formula is proposed to predict tsunami force on row of group buildings separated by gaps, that is
 ð��¹ =ð��¶ð���ð���ð���ð���2(ð��´ð��´â�²)0.534ð��oâ��0.136 (the value of Cfg is 1.05 for overtopping building and 1.59 for non-overtopping building).


Marigold is one of the popular ornamental crops grown mostly for loose flower production and garden display. It is usually propagated through seeds, but some germplasm including male sterile lines (petaloid and gynomonoecious forms) can only be maintained through vegetative means of propagation. Year round production and maintenance of true-breeding lines can be possible by employing efficient tissue culture techniques. However, exudation of phenols from explants and poor ex vitro survival of marigold plants are the major hindrances. Therefore, the present investigation was carried out with an objective to standardize the protocol for controlling phenolic exudation from nodal explants and also enhancing the ex vitro survival of four marigold genotypes viz., Pusa Arpita, Pusa Basanti Gainda, Siracole Orange and Siracole Yellow. The exudation of phenolic compounds from nodal explants was significantly controlled by incorporating 125 mgl−1 ascorbic acid into the culture induction medium supplemented with BAP (2.0 mgl−1) + NAA (0.1 mgl−1) in all the genotypes. Marigold micro-shoots cultured on ½ MS liquid rooting medium supplemented with 0.5 mgl−1 IBA showed highest rooting percentage (99.00%) which was followed by ½ MS + 0.5 mgl−1 NAA (98.75%). Early root induction (5.88 days), longest roots (2.78 cm), moderately high number of roots (47.56) per shoot and highest ex vitro survival (98.75%) were observed with ½ MS + 0.5 mgl−1 NAA. Among the different hardening strategies employed, lowest mortality (11.55%), maximum plant height (15.15 cm) and leaf number (20.95) were noted in plants that were hardened in disposable polypropylene glasses.


A new structure for coupling the resonator sections of a monolithic SAW filter is described and demonstrated experimentally. A two-section version consists of crossed resonators, each oriented on a temperature-stable propagation axis, with the resonators coupled by reflections from a central grating of modest length. offers broader filter bandwidths along with low insertion losses, improved sideband rejection, and first-order temperature stability. The maximum useful 'candwidth of a monolithic two-section filter with identical sections appears to be achievable on quartz. Additional bandwidth has been obtained with "stagger-tuned'' sections that have slightly different resonant frequencies. The structure


The present paper aims to offer a new understanding of the so-called "Zoroastrian Illuminative philosophers in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries," namely the Āẕar Kaivān school. In the twentieth century, this school was understood to be a Zoroastrian phenomenon originating from Āẕar Kaivān (1533–1618), who is believed to have been born at Estakhr (Iran) and later to have immigrated to Patna (India). One way to sketch their texts is to notice their contents as the Zoroastrian Illuminative school, as H. Corbin did. But it may be more likely that the first principle for this school is a matter of ancient Persian culture, especially the Āsmānī language. Until recently, we knew little for certain about the origin of this Āsmānī vocabulary, except the inference that it might be the product of Āẕar Kaivān himself. But Sadeghi (2020) shows that the earliest mention of what would become the Āsmānī vocabulary can be confirmed in the Persian dictionary Farhang-e Mo'aiyid al-Fożalāʾ, compiled in India in 1519. The origin of the essential points of the Āẕar Kaivān school is not Āẕar Kaivān himself, but there were probably some pioneers in the Delhi Sultanate in India before him. Adding to this, a closer look at their writings shows that this school is not a monolith, but a complex of various preceding elements. The Illuminative Philosophy is just one of them. As such, it becomes possible to arrive at the conclusion that the Āẕar Kaivān school is not Āẕar Kaivān's school. He simply put together the various elements that preceded him.


In order to clone the formyltransferase gene(Wbkc)of Brucella abortus,express the gene in E.coli and detect the immunogenicity of the expressed protein,the Wbkc gene was amplified from the genomic DNA of Brucellaabortus by PCR.The amplified fragments were digested with BamH Ⅰand SalⅠ and then cloned into the pET28avector.The constructed recombinant plasmid pET28aWbkc was transformed to E.coli BL-21and induced to express the fusion protein.The protein was then purified by histidine-binding resin column chromatography and the immunogenicity was detected by Western blot.The recombinant plasmid was verified by PCR,double-enzyme cleavage and sequencing analysis.A specific protein band of 29 000(relative molecular mass)was identified by SDS-PAGE and the expressed product showed good immunoreactivity by Western blot.


Anger is a neglected area in the study of international relations. Set against the broader impact of emotions on international relations and the emotional turn in the human and social sciences, this exploratory article focuses on state and non-state anger (as an emotion) in the contemporary era, here defined as the Age of Anger. The unique attributes of this era and states displaying anger are presented. The article concludes with a description and consequences of the behaviour of angry states and the inherent political utility of and dangers associated with anger.


Ten dominant missense mutations in gamma-actin (ACTG1) have been reported as the cause of hearing loss in DFNA20 families. Although the mutations are located in different functional domains of y-actin, the end result is a progressive form of non-syndromic sensorineural hearing loss beginning in the high frequencies with an onset in the second to third decade of life. This shared phenotype is indicative of a common functional deficit in mutant gamma-actin protein function. To address questions pertaining to the unique function of yactin in the inner ear, I implemented a yeast 2-hybrid screen of an inner ear library. Surprisingly, given then number of proteins in the inner ear known to interact with actin, only identified six proteins were identified more than once in the screens: y-actin, (3-actin, cyclase associated protein 2, cofilin 1, cofilin 2, and a novel actin binding protein, ubiquitin E2i ligase. Furthermore, I used a directed yeast 2-hybrid to show deficits in the interaction of P264L mutant y-actin with four of the actin binding proteins from the initial library screens. Next I evaluated the localization of a y-actin specific binding protein, annexin 5a (ANXA5), in the inner ear of the mouse. My data demonstrate that in the postnatal mouse ear, annexin 5a is differentially localized to the stereocilia, cell body, and nuclear membrane of developing hair cells. Anxa5 knock-out mice do not show hearing loss by 3 months of age. Furthermore, y-actin is


This paper talks about both the asymptotic and non-asymptotic convergence properties of stochastic approximation algorithms with controlled Markov noise when stability of the iterates (which is an important condition for almost sure convergence) is hard to prove. We achieve the same by giving a lower bound on the lock-in probability of such frameworks i.e. the probability of convergence to a specific attractor of the o.d.e. limit given that the iterates visit its domain of attraction after a sufficiently large number of iterations n0. With the more general assumption of controlled Markov noise supported on a bounded subset of the Euclidean space, we recover the same bound available in literature for the case of controlled i.i.d noise (i.e. martingale difference noise). We use these results to prove almost sure convergence of the iterates to the specified attractor when sufficient conditions to guarantee asymptotic tightness of the iterates are satisfied. Another important corollary of our results is a statement similar to the well-known Kushner-Clarke Lemma for stochastic approximation algorithm with controlled Markov noise, however without the assumption of the stability of the iterates. This is, for step-size sequence { 1 nk }, 1 2 < k ≤ 1 and 1 n(logn)k , k ≤ 1, the almost sure convergence to a local attractor provided that the iterates belong to some open set infinitely often such that the open set contains the local attractor and its compact closure is in the domain of attraction of the local attractor. Additionally, we show that such results can be used to derive a sample complexity estimate of such recursions which is then used in predicting the optimal step-size.


Two varieties, Valjevka and Victoria, were chosen in order to investigate the influence of diverse primer concentrations on germination energy of aged soybean seed. The seed was produced in the period from 2012 to 2015, i.e. three-, two-, one-year-old, and fresh seed were analyzed. The following treatments were used for seed immersion: ascorbic acid (AsA) (100 ml/l, 250 ml/l, 500 ml/l), potassium nitrate (KNO3) (1%, 3%, 5%), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (1%, 3%, 5%) and control (C) (non-treated seed). The application of the lowest concentration of primer solutions improved germination energy in both varieties, regardless of seed age. Treatment with 100 ml/l AsA and 1% H2O2 increased average values by 7%, while 1% KNO3 was slightly less effective, with an increase of 5%. However, by applying solutions of inadequate concentration, the existing quality could be significantly decreased, with the germination energy reduction up to 13%. After determining the optimal concentration of all three primers and their application on seed of different age, it could be concluded that the effect of this treatment was not only seed age dependent, but it also depended on agrometeorological conditions during vegetation, primarily at the time of flowering and seed filling stage. The best effects were accomplished at three-year-old, fresh, and two-year-old seed (9%, 7%, and 6%, respectively), i.e. years in which agro-meteorological conditions, above all precipitation level, were unfavorable during the most critical stages of soybean development.


A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation of a flat plate photobioreactor with waved baffles was performed. The research of the ratio of waved baffle height to wave length (L/ ) and the ratio of wave amplitude to wave length (A/ ) on light-gradient mixing was made. The optimized waved baffles structures of L/ =12 and A/ =0.2 was obtained, under which both the average turbulent kinetic energy in the downcomer ((TKE)d) and average liquid radial velocity in the downcomer (Ud) were larger. The light-gradient mixing was enhanced. Through the performance evaluation, (TKE)d increased about 35 % under the action of the optimized waved baffles than under traditional flat baffles. The statistical analysis method was employed, which reflects the light-gradient mixing more precisely than mean value. It is shown that the proportion of negative velocities indicating the radial mixing condition was 2.5 times larger in the optimized waved baffles than in traditional flat baffles.


The aim of this study was to evaluate in-hospital outcomes of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with acute STEMI with completely occluded culprit artery after pre-hospital thrombolysis (PT). Methods: Altogether 1,103 consecutive patients with STEMI admitted to the coronary care unit and submitted to PCI from January 2005 to January 2015 were included in the analysis. The clinical and angiographic characteristics, in-hospital outcomes, as well as predictors of no-reflow phenomenon were analyzed. Results: Altogether 708 patients (64.2%) with a completely occluded culprit artery (initial TIMI flow ≤ 1) were included in the analysis. Overall, 78(11%) patients who received PCI after PT (PT-group) were compared with 630(89%) patients who received primary PCI (PPCI-group). The rates of no-reflow (14.1% vs 6.8%; P=0.02) and recurrent MI (5.1% vs 1.3%; P=0.03) were significantly higher in the PT-group. The rates of death (5.2% vs 5.1%; P=0.61) and stent thrombosis (3.8% vs 1.3%; P=0.11), as well as MACE (9.0% vs 7.0%; P=0.52), were comparable between the groups. After univariate analysis, several clinical and procedural characteristics were associated with no-reflow, but only PT was associated with recurrent MI (OR=4.20; 95% CI 1.24-14.3; P=0.02). After multivariate analysis, PT remained an independent predictor of no-reflow (OR=2.53; 95% CI 1.17-5.46; P=0.015) Conclusion: PCI in patients with STEMI and completely occluded culprit artery after PT was associated with higher levels of no-reflow and recurrent MI. Completely occluded culprit artery after PT was an independent predictor of no-reflow during PCI. (International Journal of Biomedicine. 2018;8(1):15-19.)


Moving variance is a signal used in many applications such as propeller speed identification, EMG artifact extraction, and lane-change recognition. It is also used in the preparation of numerous physiological signals for classification and measurement applications because it can be quickly calculated and reflects the movement or power contained in the signal. This paper investigates the effect of using a weighted moving variance. This paper proposes to quantify the effect of window type and window length on the properties of the moving variance signal. The features used in the time domain characterization are average value and event duration. The parameters were calculated for two signals, one from a respiration band and one from a pressure sensor array. The effect of window type and length was similar on the data from both sensor types. For these measurements, the triangular window was least sensitive to signal fluctuations, whereas the hanning window was the most sensitive. Preliminary figures suggest that an increase window length results in a shorter detected event.


Design and testing issues of RF frequency divider (prescaler) for space application are presented. The proposed approaches were validated during the design and testing of the high-speed divide-by-16/18 dual-modulus prescaler implemented in 180 nm SOI CMOS process. The test results demonstrate that designed prescaler has operating frequency range from 0.1 GHz to 4 GHz, input power range from −15 dBm to +15 dBm, power consumption less than 65 mW. The prescaler is tolerant to total ionizing dose damage up to 300 krad, potentially SEE low-sensitive and can be effectively used in a radiation tolerant phase-locked loop-based frequency synthesizers for space application.


The article presents updates on the new species recorded in the "Conspectus of the Vascular Plants of Mongolia" (Urgamal et al. 2014), and three articles published "Additions to the Vascular Flora of Mongolia – I, II, III (2013, 2014, 2016)" listed as new for the Mongolian floristic novelties and reported as well. The aim of this article is to officially report new records for vascular plants from Mongolia, and this includes the data in total, 28 species (with 2 infraspecies) from 19 genera and 12 families. In addition, Cerastium alpinum, Dianthus repens, Draba alpina, Eritrichium tianschanicum, Gastrolychnis violascens, Iris oxypetala, Papaver chakassicum, Papaver lapponicum, Potentilla turczaninowiana, Stellaria depressa (10 species) were newly recorded in the list of vascular flora of Mongolia. The newly added species come under the following families and genera: Caryophyllaceae (5 species), Ranunculaceae (4 species), and Rosaceae (4 species) families and Potentilla (4 species), Geranium (3 species), and Iris (3 species) genera. The most recent additions to the following phyto-geographical regions of Mongolia are: Mongolian Altai (9 species), Khovd (7 species), and Khangai (6 species) regions. At present, 3191 taxa (including 134 subspecies and 34 varieties) of vascular plants, representing over 684 genera from 108 families, 39 orders, 12 classes, includes 5 divisions, and 3 superclades (Ferns, Gymnospermae and Angiospermae) are registered in Mongolia. Since the last conspectus (Urgamal et al. 2014) was published, 1genera, 64 species and subspecies have been newly added to the flora of Mongolia. The newly recorded 5 species are "endemic"and 9 species are "sub-endemic" to Mongolia. Therefore, currently a total of 125 species (3.91%) are "endemic", and 532 species (16.65%) are "sub-endemic" to the vascular flora of Mongolia, respectively.


Twenty‐five patients undergoing elective cataract day surgery were studied after receiving a dual‐injection peribulbar block with a mixture consisting of equal volumes of 2% lignocaine and 0.75% bupivacaine with hyaluronidase. A maximum of 10ml of solution was used for the initial block; supplementary injections of up to 10 ml were given to five patients. Venous blood was taken prior to the block and then 1, 10, 20, 30, 60 and 90 min after the block. The peak mean concentrations of lignocaine (0.722 μg. ml−1) and bupivacaine (0.353 μg. ml−1)were found at 10–20 min after injection when no top‐up was given and at 10 min after the top‐up injection when required. All measured serum concentrations of lignocaine and bupivacaine were below the accepted toxic levels of the two drugs. However, the highest individual toxicity score after a top‐up was 0.915 which was very close to the toxicity threshold (= 1) when a scoring system was used to assess the combined levels.


With the globalization,choice between regional development and industrial policy has high relevancy,different alternativeness would make different effects on state industrial competitiveness.According to logic of the theory and reality,and theory of industrial competitiveness,the article brings up alternative choice of main industry and suitable policy to Southern,middle and Western part of the country.


ON THE BASIS OF THE KNOWN RESULTS OF INVESTIGATIONS IN THIS FIELD IT IS ATTEMPTED, WITH THE AID OF STRENGTH TESTS ON THREE CEMENTS FROM DIFFERENT SOURCES, TO ESTABLISH RELATIONS BETWEEN THE STRENGTH AND THE FINENESS OF CEMENT. FOR THAT PURPOSE THE DIFFERENT CEMENTS WERE SPLIT UP INTO A LARGE NUMBER OF SIZE BRACKETS AND COMBINED INTO MANY ARBITRARILY CHOSEN PARTICLE MIXTURES. THERE IS FOUND TO BE A LINEAR RELATION BETWEEN THE CEMENT STRENGTH AND THE HYDRATED AMOUNT OF CEMENT, THE HYDRATED AMOUNT BEING CALCULATED FROM THE PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION WITH THE AID OF INFORMATION (PUBLISHED IN THE LITERATURE) AS TO THE DEPTH OF HYDRATION. THE RELATIONS THUS FOUND ARE VERIFIED WITH REFERENCE TO PUBLISHED DATA. /AUTHOR/


The article deals with two questions relating to an edition of the Theban section of the General estoria. The first question is concerned with the "original" of the work. The second with the extent to which recourse can be made to the underlying text. Given that the Alfonsine "Estoria de Tebas" is a translation into Spanish of the Histoire ancienne jusqu'a Cesar, the comparison of the Spanish text with the French source is a valuable instrument for the clarification of interpretative problems in the Spanish text. This employment of the underlying text varies in usefulness depending on two basic factors. Firstly, whether the error was produced during the manuscript transmission of the work, or, secondly, whether the error derives from problems produced in the process of translation. This procedure is principally useful in establishing the text where an error of transmission is concerned, since it allows the editor to evaluate existing variants. The situation is very different if the error derives from the ...