Generative Adversarial Networks has been used in many fields now, and it is particularly essential in the field of computer vision. In respect of image-to-image translation, CycleGAN is an important part. In this paper, CycleGAN is used to translate portrait photographs to sketches, and ℓ1 loss, ℓ2 loss, perceptual loss and their combination losses are compared to find a cycle consistency loss function with better performance. After evaluating the generated image quality through two metrics: the peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) and structural similarity (SSIM), the conclusion that combining the perceptual loss with ℓ1 and ℓ2 makes the generated images more structurally similar with their reference image is drawn.


There are two ways to create threads in Java. The method demonstrated in this program uses inheritance. The Egoist class inherits from the Thread class. We create an instance of the Egoist and call its start() method (inherited from Thread). The separation of creation of the Egoist instance and starting its execution allows us to set its priority to one less than the normal priority at which threads execute. The Java priority scheduler will not run a lower priority thread while there is a higher priority thread available to execute. On a single processor, this will guarantee that we keep control and continue executing while we create all four threads.


The time domain solution of power system models is generally done via the simultaneous implicit method. In the process, the trapezoidal integration formula is used to convert the differential algebraic system into a set of nonlinear algebraic equations. The algebraic system is then solved using Newton's method, which involves the solution of a set of linear equations at each time step of the integration. Instead of using the LU factorization, the authors use the GMRES method for the solution of the linear system. The reasons for the slow convergence of the GMRES when solving this system are examined, and methods to alleviate this problem are proposed. In addition, they use a modification of GMRES, which is shown to be more efficient for ill-conditioned systems. The methods are applied to the dynamic simulation of a 3-machine, 9-bus system and a 16-machine, 68-bus system.


Exposure of Neospora caninum parasite in sheep and goats in Kelantan was first reported in March 2016. Out of 10 districts surveyed in Kelantan, Gua Musang was the only district with seropositive animals, suggesting that there might be potential infection of this parasite in sheep and goats in this area. Therefore, a cross-sectional study was conducted from May 2015 to February 2016 to investigate the prevalence and impact of N. caninum in sheep and goats in that area. A total of 311 sheep and goat blood samples from 37 farms and 10 animals from each farm were collected. A questionnaire on the risk factors (abortion history, presence of dogs and closeness to the cattle farms) was developed for analysis. Serological test was done using a commercial ELISA kit. Seroprevalence was found to be 0.32% (1/311). Although the results i.e. presence of stray dogs (32.4%; 12/37), abortion history (48.6%; 18/37) and closeness to the cattle farms (27%; 10/37) were rather high, the very low seroprevalence showed that these risk factors were not related to neospora infection. The results suggested that N. caninum was not the cause of reproductive failure in sheep and goats in Gua Musang.


Laurence Broers Until very recently international organizations and many Western states rejected engagement with Eurasia's de facto states (Nagorny Karabakh, Abkhazia, South Ossetia and Transnistria) as legitimating ethnic cleansing and undermining the primacy of territorial integrity in Western responses to the formation of post-Soviet states. As a result, the region's de facto states have rarely been looked at through the same approaches of transition and democratization applied to the region's de jure states. Instead of being seen as political environments in their own right, de facto states tend to be seen only in the context of their interactions with external actors and peace processes. This omission has been challenged by some de facto states, which have increasingly used the language of democratization to further their claims to independence. This strategy appears to have resonated with some Western observers. Since 2003, Karabakh Armenian politicians have drawn attention to Nagorny Karabakh's assessment as 'partly free' in Freedom House's 'Freedom in the World' index. Although the Freedom House index presents a highly simplified system for grading democratic practices, Karabakh crucially scored higher than Azerbaijan, while rivalling Armenia.


Through the analysis of the correlation between R&D and production links, R&D links and sales links, R&D links and profit links in the overall industry, manufacturing industry and supporting industries of ship and ocean engineering equipment in Jiangsu Province, we get the synergy between R&D and other links. It reveals the dynamic characteristics of the synergy between R&D and other links, clarifies the key development industries and key development links, providing reference for the coordinated development in the different value chains of the ship and ocean engineering equipment industry in Jiangsu Province.


Purpose

The purpose of this research is to trace the development of a major player in the health/wellness direct sales industry in Thailand and draw lessons about growth strategies and approaches in dealing with common entrepreneurial challenges.

Design/methodology/approach

In preparing the case study narrative, primary data from the direct experience of the company founder were combined with secondary sources of information on the landscape of direct sales industry in Thailand. Key lessons were developed from discussion and reflection on experiences of people involved in the development of the company.

Findings

A multi-billion baht, direct sales business with over 100,000 members was built from the ground up in a span of one decade. Recruiting and retaining members with the right level of entrepreneurial drive is a constant challenge for the growing venture. Incorporating new technology to help manage information about members, customers and stock will play a central role in creating future growth opportunities.

Research limitations/implications

The research represents a single case study so generalization is naturally limited.

Originality/value

Direct sales entails a considerable amount of stigma, resulting in a limited number of frank and detailed analysis of such businesses and their founding entrepreneurs. This study represents an attempt to fill this gap and will hopefully stimulate more investigation into a business model that appears to be thriving in many emerging economies in Southeast Asia.


This chapter deals with the geographical distribution of plants and animals within the region. Tropical East Asia is defined as the eastern half of the Oriental Region and the other biogeographical regions are briefly described. The transitions between Tropical East Asia and the adjacent Australian and Palearctic Regions are described and discussed, as well as the less clearly defined transition with the rest of India. Patterns of diversity within Tropical East Asia are considered and four major subregions (Wallacea, the Philippines, Sundaland, and Indochina) are recognized. The remainder of the chapter deals with the biogeography of the numerous islands in the region, including the islands on the Sunda Shelf, Hainan and Taiwan, the Ryukyu and Ogasawara Islands of Japan, the Andaman and Nicobar Islands of India, the Mentawai Islands and others off the west coast of Sumatra, Krakatau, the Philippines, Sulawesi, and the islands of Wallacea.


The devices for access to computer local area networks construction features, with microcontrollers and single chip ethernet interfaces, company microchip enc28j60 and enc424j600 chips utilization are examined


BD, a leading global medical technology company that manufactures and sells medical devices, instrument systems and reagents, is dedicated to improving people's health throughout the world. BD is focused on improving drug therapy, enhancing the quality and speed of diagnosing infectious diseases, and advancing research and discovery of new drugs and vaccines. The Company's capabilities are instrumental in combating many of the world's most pressing diseases. Founded in 1897 and headquartered in Franklin Lakes, New Jersey, BD employs approximately 28,000 people in approximately 50 countries throughout the world. The Company serves healthcare institutions, life science researchers, clinical laboratories, industry and the general public.


Items of Inuit culture were taken over by settlers of largely West Country English derivation living on the Newfoundland shore of the Strait of Belle Isle. Such borrowings also occurred among settlers on both sides of the northern portion of the Great Northern Peninsula of Newfoundland and from central Labrador south, and then west, along the Labrador coast to well along the Quebec North Shore. It is argued that it is more probable that some of these items (clothing and footgear) derived from Inuit who came onto both sides of the Strait of Belle Isle beginning at the end of the eighteenth century than that they diffused down the coast from central Labrador where there was extensive intermarriage with Inuit and a greater takeover of Inuit culture. The dog-traction complex may have had an earlier derivation. Economic and ethnic aspects of the acquisition and revival of sealskin boots are discussed.


Department of Mathematics, NEDUET, Karachi, Pakistan Institute of Space Technology (IST), Karachi, Pakistan Corresponding Author: email@example.com ABSTRACT: Energy is considered as most vital instrument of socioeconomic development of a country. Unfortunately in our country enhancement in energy production is not as increased as its demand. Currently country is facing serious energy crises. This issue has not been addressed properly as well as could not find available economical and long term solutions. Wind turbines are one of the vital sources of energy and very much in progress worldwide. Research and development of airfoils for wind turbine have been largely focused by researchers for last three decades. In present study numerical computations is carried out for S809 airfoil which is specifically designed for horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT). Aerodynamic performance data for S809 airfoil is generated through CFD and compared with available experimental data. Gridgen is used for pre-processing while computations are run on Fluent software. Post processing is done using Tecplot software. Results for high Reynolds number and low angles of attack are in good agreement with available experimental data. Differences for high angles of attack are due to large portion of separation and stall. Present study depicts that CFD is an appropriate choice for computing aerodynamic performance of airfoils designed for wind turbines. This study would be very helpful for future development of wind turbine airfoils.


We report transmission of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) in July 2008 through nonpasteurized goat milk to 6 humans and 4 domestic pigs in an alpine pasture 1,500 m above sea level. This outbreak indicates the emergence of ticks and TBEV at increasing altitudes in central Europe and the efficiency of oral transmission of TBEV.


Abstract The amorphization process of GaP by ion implantation is studied. The samples of 〈111〉 oriented GaP were implanted at 130 K with various doses 5 × 1013-2 × 1016 cm−2 of 150 keV N+ ions and with the doses of 6 × 1012-1.5 × 1015 cm−2 of 150 keV Cd+ ions. Room temperature implantations were also performed to see the influence of temperature on defect production. Rutherford backscattering and channelling techniques were used to determine damage in crystals. The damage distributions calculated from the RBS spectra have been compared with the results of Monte-Carlo simulation of the defect creation. The estimated threshold damage density appeared to be independent on ion mass and is equal 6.5 × 1020 keV/cm3. It is suggested that amorphization of GaP is well explained on the basis of a homogenous model.


Abstract. The theory "individual unity of existence" is one of the most important statements to this theory, with the exposition presented by Mohiyeddin Ibn Arabi. Ibn Arabi does not provide a rational reason in proving the unity of existence, and leaves it to correct unveiling and explicit taste. The rational reasons presented in proving the unity of existence are attributed to the mystics after Ibn Arabi, as well as Mulla Sadra, who tried to prove the unity of existence. It seems that the rational reasons presented in the proof of the unity of existence lacks sufficient accuracy and it is rationally controversial. This paper criticizes the most important rational reasons for the unity of existence, which is based on the necessity of the existence and the rule of Simple Reality (Basit al Haqiqah), and shows that these reasons are ineffective in proving the individual unity of existence. Keywords: Unity of existence, Ibn Arabi, mysticism, Mulla Sadra.


The expressed values of European American and Latino children, their parents, and their teachers reveal the multifaceted nature of individualistic and collectivistic conceptions of relationships and the varied ways in which cultural value conflict may be manifested in children's daily developmental settings.


To examine, in a prospective fashion, the utilization and efficacy of adjuvant radiation therapy (RT) in patients with resected desmoplastic melanoma (DM). Adult patients with resected, margin‐negative, and nonmetastatic DM were eligible for this single‐arm prospective phase II study. Patients were to receive postoperative RT, 30 Gy in five fractions, to the operative bed with 2‐ to 3‐cm margins (depending on the tumor location). Nodal basin RT was not allowed. The primary study endpoint was the 2‐year local recurrence rate (LRR). Secondary endpoints included the incidence of regional and distant metastatic disease, progression‐free survival, overall survival (OS), and treatment‐related toxicity. Twenty patients with a single de novo DM lesion meeting trial eligibility criteria were enrolled and treated. The 2‐year LRR was 10%, with two patients demonstrating a LR within 2 years of completion of protocol therapy. No regional or distant failures occurred. OS at 2 and 5 years was 95 and 77%, respectively. There were no grade 3 or higher acute or late adverse events that were related to the protocol therapy. Adjuvant RT after wide local excision (WLE) for DM is efficacious and well tolerated. It should be considered for DM patients after margin‐negative WLE. Additional study is needed to further refine low‐risk patient populations that can potentially have adjuvant RT omitted as part of the treatment plan.


Scand J Med Sci Sports 2003 Aug: 13(4): 244–50 Hamstring injury occurrence in elite soccer players after preseason strength training with eccentric


A number of recent papers have studied the impact of wavelength conversion in wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) networks. Relatively few works have studied the effect of providing limited wavelength conversion capability in these networks. This paper surveys our recent results on this topic. Consider a ring network of N nodes. We assume bidirectional links and lightpaths, which are typically realized using pairs of counter-propagating connections. For each lightpath we are given a route in the network and must assign a wavelength on each link along its route. Our results apply to the situation where no blocking whatsoever is allowed; in other words, all lightpath requests must be supported.


Fluid flow device is provided with a housing adapted to engage detachably with respect to the surgical control unit capable of controlling the fluid flow at the time of surgery. First and second ports, the measuring fluid pressure in the fluid path provided inside the housing. Fluid flow device is provided with a flow limiting means for limiting the fluid flow in at the limit point along the fluid path. The first port is located upstream of the restriction portion, the second port is located downstream of the restriction site. Inside the housing, a fluid pump is provided.


The Chinese yellow cattle carcass quality grades 2,3 and 4 were selected, and the quality traits of the striploins were studied. Results showed that the shear force value of each grade striploin was significantly varied(p0.05), and the water-holding capacity was significantly different(p0.01). At certain aging time, the higher the grade was, the better the tenderness and the water-holding capacity were. As aging time extended, the shear force value decreased and the water-holding capacity increased.


I regularly find myself acting like a 'grumpy old man' complaining about newcomers to the usability field, who make (what are in my opinion) two serious mistakes. Firstly, they think usability is j...


We demonstrate a single-step and powerful method based on vapor-phase codeposition to fabricate self-organized, ultrahigh-density Fe–Ni–Co nanocolumnar structures in a Teflon® AF matrix. It is shown that at certain deposition parameters the structure of the metal-polymer nanocomposite changes from a cluster to a nanocolumnar morphology. These mostly monodisperse nanocolumns have an average diameter of around 6nm separated by ∼4nm Teflon® AF and were fabricated so far with aspect ratios of up to 30.


Wasteful production imposes unnecessary burdens, both economic and environmental. War, and preparations for war, have proved especially costly. A free market, hands‐off approach to what is produced takes no account of the limitations imposed on growth by the finite, real world.


Background : Aruncus dioicus var. kamtschaticus, functional wild vegetable, is perennial herb and young leaves with soft texture are generally used as edible food. So the demand for the vegetable has increased recently. This study was carried out to determine the effects of temperature and shading on germination characteristics of A. dioicus. Methods and Results : The experiment was performed by temperature and shading treatments. Seed pre-treatment before the germination experiment was carried out by the storage in low temperature ( 4℃) under wet condition (LTW) for 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days and shading treatment were 35%, 50%, and 75% under control, BA (6-benzyladenine) and GA3 (gibberellic acid) condition for 24 hours. Increasing the length of the storage periods led to increases seed germination percent in low temperature ( 4℃) under wet condition (LTW), germination rate of A. dioicus seed was the highest at 15℃ with 60 days of seed pre-treatment. In the case of seeds pre-treatment with LTW, the more temperature went up, the more days to 50% of Germination of Final Germination Rate (T50) went down. As a result of surveying shading treatment, germination rate was the highest in control of 35% shading and the next higher was in control of 50% shading. Conclusions : It is concluded that the temperature and shading are important factors to produce A. dioicus. Also, We suggest these results as basic data of A. dioicus for sexual propagation.


Surfactant used in skin cleanser sometimes induces swelling of skin stratum corneum (SC), which is accompanied by the structural changes of soft keratin in the corneocytes. The aim of this research is to study the conformation change of human SC, particularly the soft keratin conformation, induced by the treatment of surfactant solutions using scattering analysis. In this article, we describe the neutron scattering of the human SC treated with surfactant solutions at the TAIKAN in J-PARK MLF. A contrast matching technique was employed which enabled us to remove the scattering from surfactant micelles in the solution and observe the detailed scattering profiles of soft keratin fine structures.


Elevated feed-CO2 levels decrease the maximum ethane recovery in GSP and similar demethanizer configurations. This can be attributed to two causes. First, as CO2 displaces methane in the feed, the feed tends to behave more like a richer gas, which tend to have decreased ethane recoveries. Secondly, the choice of column operating conditions is complicated by the tendency of high-CO2 feeds to form dry ice in the upper sections of the column, or in the feed or residue lines. This often requires a sacrifice of ethane recovery to avoid dry ice formation. However, by manipulating column operating parameters, namely the vapor and liquid split to the subcooler, the column operating pressure, and the inlet split to the reboiler, the CO2 concentration profile in the column can be tailored to avoid dry ice formation, while still maximizing ethane recovery. This paper explores the effects of adjusting these operating parameters with both lean and rich feeds. Background Enbridge operates a gas processing facility in Longview, TX that includes a demethanizer followed by amine treatment of the NGL (liquid product) stream from the demethanizer. The feed to the facility is a fairly lean gas (~90% methane) with a CO2 content that varies between 1.6% and 1.8% on a molar basis. The facility has repeatedly experienced operational stability problems in the demethanizer when attempts are made to increase ethane recovery. Some of the problems are: increased column pressure drop, carryover of liquid in the overhead line, and unsteady liquid production from the tower. ProMax [1] simulations of the demethanizer under conditions that correspond with the carryover mentioned above do show that dry ice formation is likely near the top of the tower. If dry ice were to form in the top section of the tower, it could accumulate in the packing. This would reduce cross-sectional area available for flow, which would lead to increased vapor and liquid velocity and possibly column flooding. Symptoms of flooding at the top of the tower would be increased column pressure drop, carryover of liquid into the overhead line, and unsteady liquid production from the tower, exactly the problems that Enbridge has experienced. A study by Enbridge, Bryan Research & Engineering, and Koch identified other column hardware issues that appeared to be contributing to column flooding, but it is likely that resolving these other issues will not prevent dry ice formation. ProMax models showed that dry ice had the potential to form in the top section of the tower. Since the plant was running so poorly to begin with, due to the lack of heat from a clogged side reboiler, it was very difficult to determine if dry ice was forming. Previous inspections of the demethanizer clearly indicated that CO2 freezing had occurred at some point(s) in the past as the mist eliminator had been "relocated" and lodged in the outlet piping, and the flow distribution trough above the top bed had been thoroughly mangled. This makes an interesting basis for a case study on how to deal with elevated CO2 feed in a demethanizer. Introduction This paper will focus on a GSP (Gas Subcooled Process) facility as shown in Fig. 1, but many of the lessons learned can be applied to other demethanizer configurations. In ethane recovery mode, methane is separated from ethane and heavier components in the tower with methane concentrated into the residue gas, and the ethane and heavier components recovered in the NGL. In ethane rejection, ethane is directed to the residue gas. This paper will focus on ethane recovery mode. CO2 volatility is between that of methane and ethane. CO2 recovery will be lower than ethane recovery, but will typically increase as ethane recovery increases. Stepping through the GSP plant,  The inlet flow is split and follows two possible cooling paths before recombining at the inlet of the Low Temperature Separator (LTS). o In the top path the gas is cooled by the exiting residue gas. o In the bottom path the gas is used as a heat source for the bottom and side reboiler of the tower. o A bypass path is typically included as a way to moderate cooling before the LTS.  The vapor leaving the LTS is split, with approximately 70% directed to the expander and the remaining 30% [2] sent to the subcooler. o The subcooler condenses and subcools the gas by heat exchange with the residue gas exiting the top of the tower. The subcooled liquid is then flashed down to column pressure, which provides additional cooling before entering the column.


Turkey is dependent to imported energy around a ratio of 75%. For this reason, the proper and efficient use of renewable and also especially non-renewable resources are extremely important. Many methods have been developed by current technology in order to be able to use the energy resources more efficiently. Some of these methods are cogeneration and trigeneration systems. Trigeneration system is the systems assemblage which is set up by adding a refrigeration system to a cogeneration system. In this system, there is only one energy input and three energy outputs electricity production, heating and refrigeration. It is significantly important to increase the number of those systems in order to reduce the energy costs for Turkey. Therefore, the installation of a trigeneration system at Tunceli University, the calculation of its cost and its payback time were determined in this study.


Classification of synonyms of "elite" notion is given, correlation methods of elite and top management personnel are singled out, process of top management personnel ingression into economic and noneconomic elite is determined. Scientific journal "Economic sciences"


To investigate the influence of N-containing surface functional groups on adsorption capacity of AC, the activated carbon (AC) was modified with ammonia gas at 650 °C. Surface functional groups were quantitatively analyzing by Boehm titration. The effect of temperature on adsorption capacity suggested higher temperature is favourable. The influence of pH indicated the adsorption was favorable in acidic solution. The adsorption isotherms were fitted by Langmuir model and Freundlich model. Moreover, kinetic studies showed the adsorption of phenol onto adsorbents was followed by pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The adsorption capacity of ammoniated AC for p-chlorophenol was greatly improved.


The article states that sentencing is the final stage of a crime, which can only be distinguished by the differences between the parties involved in the process. Also, issues related to the general principles of sentencing are presented on the basis of examples from the works of our ancient national scholars. Special attention was paid to examples of only one sentence for a crime committed in sentencing matters, and it was noted that according to the provisions of criminal law, each crime must require the application of only one main punishment, a special solution does not comply with the principles of humanity and justice. In addition, this article analyzes the general principles of sentencing, the theoretical views of scholars on the circumstances to be considered and mitigating circumstances in it, divided into four groups. At the same time, the issue of relevance of the norms of criminal law and mitigating circumstances in sentencing is analyzed on the basis of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On the practice of sentencing by courts". appropriate proposals have been developed.


This article refers to an experimental study on teaching writing using Dyadic Essay Technique at High School in Bojonegoro. Dyadic Essay Technique is a kind of collaborative learning technique. This technique encourage students to actively involvedin the learning process since they have to compose an esay question before they start writing. The objective of this activity is to check students' understanding about the material. Two samples of the research were X-2 class as control class and X-3 class as experimental class. Each class consists of 30 students. In collecting the data, several steps were applied: (1) tried out creativity test to non-sample class; (2) held creativity test; (3) implemented teaching techniques to control and experimental class; (4) conducted post-test; (5) analyzed students' writing. The data were gained from students' creativity test and students' writing test. Meanwhile, the data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey Test.The result of the research were; (1) students who are taught by using Dyadic Essay Technique have better writing skills than by using Mind MappingTechnique. It means that the implementation of Dyadic Essay technique is more effective than Mind Mapping Technique; (2) students who have high creativity have better writing skill than students who have low creativity; (3) there is an interaction between teaching techniques and students' creativity in teaching writing for tenth grade of SMAN 1 Bojonegoro.


Emerging cultural and organizational variations of the recent merger between the traditional Japanese educational guidance approach and school counseling practices and principles, offers educators, administrators, and school counselors distinct challenges for the implementation of a comprehensive guidance program. Through a brief historical review, this article presents the evolutionary process and identifies unique program applications that constitute the current guidance approach being applied within the Japanese educational system. The program fundamentals consist of stakeholder' expectations, information exchange, program goals and policies, and data analysis. These are recognized as influential factors embedded within challenges pertaining to the program implementation process. The application of a collaborative approach piloted by a supportive administration is encouraged to ensure thorough stakeholder investment which will establish a culturally modified comprehensive program that links appropriate services and resources to the needs of the student population.


A simple and compact planar printed monopole antenna for ultra wideband application is presented. The proposed antenna comprising of bevel slots in the lower parts of the antenna with annular ring slot. Partial ground plane has been used to enhance the impedance bandwidth. The simulated results show that the proposed antenna exhibits UWB for 2.7 GHz to 11.22 GHz with -10dB return loss and VSWR <; 2. Antenna gain and radiation pattern plots for different frequencies are also investigated. The performance characteristics of the proposed antenna are simulated using Ansoft HFSS.


A total of 37 patients have had chin augmentation procedures with HTR-polymer ® implants. Indications were mandibular retrognathia in connection with dentofacial deformities in 13 and the remaining 24 had a normal occlusion. Three patients with micrognathia also had juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. The patients have been followed for at least one year and in 17 cases up to five years both clinically and radiographically. Cephalometric measurements of the effects and stability of augmentation showed that chin augmentation has highly predictable results, and few side-effects.


This paper presents a new interactive UIDE that is based on visual programming and constrained sketch drawing. At the early stages of the iterative conception process, GUIs are interactively designed by drawing a "rough sketch" that acts as a first draft of the final description. This drawing is interpreted in real time by the system in order to produce the corresponding widget view (i.e. the actual visible GUI) and a graph of abstract objects that represents the GUI structure. This graph can then be easily modified by mixing visual and textual programming in a fully iterative and incremental way. This system is also based on the use of generic objects which are dynamically instantiated into actual widgets according to their structural and functional context. This scheme makes it possible to define very generic GUIs that can then be deeply refined in an efficient way at any stage of the conception process.


A DEMAND for a liquid preparation of ferrous gluconate to be included in the British Pharmaceutical Codex and the National Formulary prompted this investigation into the conditions affecting the rate and extent of oxidation which might occur. It is generally held that ferrous iron is much more readily adsorbed than ferric and it is desirable therefore that any oxidation which may occur should be restricted to a minimum, That oxidation might occur fairly readily is evident from the high proportion of ferric iron permitted in the solid material by the specification of the United States National Formulary which allows over 17 per cent. of the total iron to be in the trivalent state. British manufacturers have been able to produce material which shows a considerable improvement on the United States specification, many commercial samples examined showing about 6 per cent. of the iron in the ferric state, whilst one manufacturer's product consistently contains as little as 2 per cent. or less. A further indication that considerable oxidation in solution is to be anticipated is afforded by the known fact that oxidation of ferrous iron depends upon the degree of ionisation of the dissolved salt, ferrous sulphate for example being about 10 times more stable than ferrous acetate.l


For determining the lunar heat flow two parameters need to be measured: The thermal gradient and the thermal conductivity of the regolith. Methods for inferring these quantities from in situ measurements using the LUNAR-A penetrators will be presented.


. This paper tests the hypothesis that the threat of a contested takeover improves corporate performance. This is done by a cross-sectional analysis of listed Danish firms with and without effective takeover defenses. Takeover defenses adopted by Danish firms mainly consist of dual class voting rights often in combination with foundation ownership. Using simultaneous equation estimation to deal with the problem of causation, the results show that unprotected firms do not outperform protected firms. This suggests that management in unprotected firms are disciplined by other corporate governance mechanisms than the market for corporate control, including the legal protection of shareholders. JEL: C31, G32, G34, K22


Objective: To investigate the clinical features of Colorectal cancer in its three different forms: typical hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer(HNPCC),atypical hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer and sporadic colorectal cancer,in order to provide evidence for early diagnosis and treatment.Methods:By retrieving case files and call visits,colorectal cancer patients diagnosed by the third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University from 2001-01 to 2004-12 were investigated.From 2004-07 to 2005-07,colorectal cancer patientsdiagnosed in the second and third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University were interviewed by investigators and filled the questionnaire.Results:①Among the patients investigated,64 cases were HNPCC(3.57%);28 cases were a typical hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer(1.56%)and 1697 cases were sporadic colorectal cancer(94.75%).②Average age of onset was(56.9±12.1) years.Average age of onset of colorectal cancer in various forms were significant different(P=0.001).Patients with HNPCC were the youngest.③The tumors had different locations(P=0.001).In general most patients were rectal cancer.Then right side colon predominated in HNPCC and sporadic colorectal cancer.④Within the features of pathobiology,there were no significant differences in patho-appearance,histology grouping and differentiation degree.But significant difference in Dukes Staging(P=0.044)was observed,most HNPCC was in C stage,and most atypical hereditary non-polyposis and sporadic colorectal cancer in B stage.Conclusion: The age of onset of typical HNPCC was younger,and right side colon cancer predominated.We suggest that patients and their families should be long-term monitored and followed up to be diagnosed and treated earlier,and prognosis of colorectal cancer will be improved.


The purpose of this paper is to present the new types of the high voltage instrument transformers based on the optical principles. The need implementation in the power systems of the new measurement technology is required by the many disadvantages of the conventional transformer based on the electromagnetic principle and by the important progress in the secondary protection systems. In the same time the optical measurement technology corresponds to the UE imposed regulations, concerning the environment quality.


Objective To study the clinical characteristies of hemodialysis(HD) in treating the children with acute renal failure(ARF).Methods We made a clinical observation and analysis of HD in 22 children with ARF 61 times in choosing the strategy of HD,measuring the blood urea nitrogen,serum creatinine and electrolyte levels,treating complications of HD,using heparin and building blood vessel accesses in HD,etc.Results HD was efficient.17 cases recovered completely,5 cases improved.The major complication of HD was hypotension(20 2%).Conclusion HD is a valuable therapy to reduce the complication of ARF,to improve the renal function and decrease the death rate for the children with ARF.It is the key of success in HD to follow the features and methods of HD in children.


In previous papers, random tree-type partitions of a finite set as a stochastic model for acyclic polymerization were studied. In this paper, the model is extended one important step further by allowing rings formation. The main result is that, in the subcritical domain, the asymptotic behavior of the process remains essentially the same as in the acyclic case despite the fact that cycles are not excluded.


When distance sensors, it may happen that due to mounting tolerances angle to objects not correctly determined, and thus wrong lateral distances are calculated. This makes corrections to the measured values required. Known correction methods require a relatively large storage and computational effort. The invention is therefore to provide a method and an apparatus for compensating installation tolerances of a distance sensor, wherein said compensation with little effort in a short time is possible. This is achieved in that the beams (2) of the distance sensor (1) at an opening angle (α) of 0.1 ° to 10 ° emitted and the data are recorded during straight travel and that an error angle (δ) by comparing during a is determined channel change determined data. Distance sensors for motor vehicles.


The one-particle Green's function for a non-degenerate electron gas is calculated in the Born approximation. It is shown that if Coulomb interaction is taken into account, single-particle excitations (plane waves) are distorted as a result of damping as well as of tlme modulation of the unperturbed wave. (auth)


During many years, battery models have been proposed with different levels of accuracy and complexity. In some cases, simple low-order aggregated battery pack models may be more appropriate and feasible than complex physic-chemical or high-order multi-cell battery pack models. For example: in early stages of the system design process, in non-focused battery applications, or whenever low configuration effort or low computational complexity is a requirement. The latter may be the case of Electrical Equivalent Circuit Models (EECM) suitable for energy optimization purposes at a system level in the context of energy management or sizing problem of energy storage systems. In this paper, an improved parametrization method for Li-ion linear static EECMs based on the so called concept of direct current resistance (DCR) is presented. By drawing on a DCR-based parametrization, the influence of both diffusion polarization effects and changing of Open-Circuit Voltage (OCV) are virtually excluded on the estimation of the battery's inner resistance. This results in a parametrization that only accounts for pure ohmic and charge transfer effects, which may be beneficial, since these effects dominate the battery dynamic power response in the range of interest of many applications, including electro-mobility. Model validation and performance evaluation is achieved in simulations by comparison with other low and high order EECM battery models over a dynamic driving profile. Significant improvements in terms of terminal voltage and power losses estimation may be achieved by a DCR-based parametrization, which in its simplest form may only require one short pulse characterization test within a relatively wide range of SoCs and currents. Experimental data from a 53 Ah Li-ion pouch cell produced by Kokam (Type SLPB 120216216) with Nickel Manganese Cobalt oxide (NMC) cathode material is used.


In this work, we present an effective field theory to describe a two-component Fermi gas near a $d$-wave interaction resonance. The effective field theory is renormalizable by matching with the low energy $d$-wave scattering phase shift. Based on the effective field theory, we derive universal properties of the Fermi gas by the operator product expansion method. We find that beyond the contacts defined by adiabatic theorems, the asymptotic expressions of the momentum distribution and the Raman spectroscopy involve two extra contacts which provide additional information of correlations of the system. Our formalism sets the stage for further explorations of many-body effects in a $d$-wave resonant Fermi gas. Finally we generalise our effective field theory for interaction resonances of arbitrary higher partial waves.


Objective To study the related factors of death from chronic respiratory failure in elderly patients.Methods The clinical data of 32 elderly patients who were already dead with chronic respiratory failure and 36 elderly patients with chronic respiratory failure who had been improved after treatment from September 2008 to December 2009 were reviewed and compared.he death related factors such as gender,age,allergic history,smoking history,basic disease,complicating disease,hospital stay time,chest radiograph,ECG,the dose of respiratory stimulant and diuretics,APACHEⅡ,the degree of respiratory infection,nutritional status and so on were analysed.Results The results showed that compared with the dead group,the difference in the complicating disease,the dose of respiratory stimulant and diuretics,APACHEⅡ,the degree of respiratory infection,nutritional status was significant(P0.05).Conclusion Avoiding the respiratory infection,strengthening nutritional status,reducing the rates of the complicating diseases and using reasonably the respiratory stimulant and diuretics can reduce the mortality in treating chronic respiratory failure of elderly patients.


Received: 20 February 2020 Accepted: 1 May 2020 In face detection, the Adaptive Boosting (AdaBoost) algorithm consumes a long training time and faces a high false positive rate. To solve these problems, this paper puts forward an improved AdaBoost face detection method. Firstly, the original image was preprocessed to eliminate the effects of light and noise, improving the image detection effect. Next, a dual threshold weak classifier was designed to replace the single threshold weak classifier. The designed classifier identifies thresholds more accurately and reduce the number of threshold searches, making the algorithm faster in convergence and more efficient in training and detection. Then, the authors optimized the weighting coefficient formula of weak classifiers, focusing on the recognition ability of positive samples and the reliability of weak classifiers. Through the optimization, the algorithm can achieve a low false alarm rate (FAR) under a given low false recognition rate (FRR). After that, two thresholds were used to classify the error range of samples. To increase the weights of large error samples, the original weights of samples were multiplied with different weighting coefficients. In this way, the abnormal samples are more likely to be detected in the next round of training. Simulation results show that the proposed face detection algorithm boasts a high detection accuracy, and consumes a short time in training and detection.


The size and shape of soil particles reflect the formation history of the grains. In turn, the macroscale behavior of the soil mass results from particle level interactions which are affected by particle shape. Sphericity, roundness and smoothness characterize different scales associated to particle shape. New experimental data and data from previously published studies are gathered into two databases to explore the effects of particle shape on packing as well as small and large-strain properties of sandy soils. Data analysis shows that increased particle irregularity (angularity and/or eccentricity) leads to: an increase in emax and emin, a decrease in stiffness yet with increased sensitivity to the state of stress, an increase in compressibility under zero-lateral strain loading, and an increase in critical state friction angle φcs and intercept Γ with a weak effect on slope λ. Therefore, particle shape emerges as a significant soil index property that needs to be properly characterized and documented, particularly in clean sands and gravels. The systematic assessment of particle shape will lead to a better understanding of sand behavior.


The current state of energy supply in Liberia is a combination of fossil fuel and hydroelectric power generation and the cost of generating, maintaining, and distributing energy is high. On the other hand, Liberia lies within a suitable zone for solar energy utilisation for photovoltaic applications, as its climate is relatively hot all year round. This paper investigates the use of the artificial neural network to model the reliability of solar radiation in a study area in Liberia, as a necessary prerequisite for alternative power generation. Seven variables (longitude, latitude, elevation, average temperature, precipitation, wind speed and relative humidity) were used as input data (causal variables) and one parameter/factor (solar radiation) was used as output (response variable) for
2000-2018. The obtained results showed that the employed model explains all the variabilities of the response data around the mean with an overall regression value of 0.93. It was found through visualised maps that the study area is in a suitable spot for the utilisation of solar energy potentials.


Introduction: Due to its low melting point, porous three dimensional PCL constructs can only be sterilized with low temperature methods if the shape and structure of the constructs are to be retained throughout the sterilization process. Gamma irradiation, hydrogen peroxide gas plasma sterilization (HP), and ethylene oxide (ETO) are the most common low temperature sterilization methodologies available for such application and among these HP is the least expensive and most readily available. Unfortunately, based upon previous results in our laboratory (unpublished data) we became increasingly concerned that HP sterilization of PCL constructs resulted in substantial cytotoxicity to canine chondrocytes. The objective of this study was to assess the cytotoxicity of PCL after HP sterilization or isopropyl alcohol and UV light disinfection protocols on canine chondrocytes. We hypothesize that HP sterilization will significantly increase the toxicity of PCL to canine chondrocytes.


Composites of functional materials have long been synthesized for achieving enhanced physical and chemical properties. Composite properties are achieved through many methods such as physical mixing of its components, chemical methods such as core/shell, hierarchical structures, nanoparticle-decorated nanowires, carbon structured reinforced porous materials and so on. In this era of energy intensive electronics and automobiles, and simultaneously having alarm from global atmospheric changes, generating electrical energy from renewable sources and storing them for further use are of extreme importance. Onedimensional
nanostructures such as nanowires, nanorods, and nanobelts offer many advantages in energy conversion and storage devices such as channeled electron transport, anisotropic charge assembly, improved surface to volume ratio and so on. Many materials have screened in the past for high performance in energy conversion and storage devices;
however, achievements in one of the properties has always been at the expense of another. If the composite materials are synthesized as one-dimensional materials, many properties could be assembled in a single material architecture. We have synthesized materials of unique advantages in a single nanowire or nanobelts and evaluated their usefulness in energy conversion and storage devices. Many bottlenecks in energy conversion and storage devices
have been overcome using this protocol, the lecture would detail these developments.


This study has been able to reveal that the Combine White Noise model outperforms the existing Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH) and Moving Average (MA) models in modeling the errors, that exhibits conditional heteroscedasticity and leverage effect. MA process cannot model the data that reveals conditional heteroscedasticity and GARCH cannot model the leverage effect also. The standardized residuals of GARCH errors are decomposed into series of white noise, modeled to be Combine White Noise model (CWN). CWN model estimation yields best results with minimum information criteria and high log likelihood values. While the EGARCH model estimation yields better results of minimum information criteria and high log likelihood values when compare with MA model. CWN has the minimum forecast errors which are indications of best results when compare with the GARCH and MA models dynamic evaluation forecast errors. Every result of CWN outperforms the results of both GARCH and MA.


In this paper, the finite-time stability analysis of genetic regulatory networks (GRNs) with reaction-diffusion terms is studied under the Dirichlet boundary conditions. A new result is established by constructing a proper Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional and using the secondary delay-partition approach. Furthermore, some optimized integral inequalities are used to handle with the integral terms. Finally, a numerical example is given to show the effectiveness of theoretical results.


....................................................................................................................... ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................................................................. iii LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................. vi LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS ............................................................................................ vii CHAPTER I Introduction ................................................................................................. 1 CHAPTER II – Review of Radioactivity and Monte Carlo Methods ................................ 3 2.1 Radioactivity ............................................................................................................. 3 2.2 Interaction Mechanisms ............................................................................................ 5 2.3 Monte Carlo Methods ............................................................................................. 18 2.4 Modeling Radiation Transport ................................................................................ 20 CHAPTER III – Implementation of Existing Monte Carlo Software............................... 22 3.1 Basic Requirements of a Geant4 Simulation .......................................................... 23 3.2 Implementation of Geant4 ...................................................................................... 24 CHAPTER IV – Assessing Limitations of Existing Software.......................................... 27 CHAPTER V – A New Approach to Low Energy Interactions ....................................... 32 5.1 The Averaged Loss Method .................................................................................... 32 CHAPTER VI – Results & Performance Evaluation ....................................................... 38 CHAPTER VII – Conclusions .......................................................................................... 43 APPENDIX A – Source Code for the Averaged Loss Method ........................................ 45 v A.1 AveragedLossMethod.py ....................................................................................... 45 A.2 getCrossSection.py ................................................................................................. 49 A.3 getNewSecondaries.py ........................................................................................... 51 A.4 getStateEnergies.py ................................................................................................ 53 APPENDIX B – Hardware & Software Specifications .................................................... 55 B.1 Hardware ................................................................................................................ 55 B.2 Software ................................................................................................................. 55 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................. 56


In order to avoid the time faults in real-time systems, this paper presents a new model——the More Reward More Service Time Model (MRMST). A task based on MRMST has a computation time set, where each computation time corresponds to a certain execution value. The longer the computation time is, the more execution value it has. We use the mathematical expectation ualue of the computation time to assign priorities, and analyze the schedulability of tasks based on MRMST. Therefore, we can make use of the existing methods to assign priorities and analyze schedulability. Then a method to determine the computation time of a request is developed.


The pressure dependence of the superconducting transition temperature of Cu40Zr60 and Pd30Zr70 metallic glasses is determined by resistance measurements up to 10.8 GPa (108 kbar). Tc is found to increase with pressure in both systems.


A high performance VMEbus interface module for NIM ADC's has been developed. Data pipelining and data suppression speed up the data acquisition. An event synchronization module for coincidence experiments has also been designed. >


A 79 year old woman, whose medical history included diabetes and recurrent urinary tract infections, presented with left sided hip pain. A plain …


The solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) substantially influences the lifetime of lithium-ion batteries. Nevertheless, the transport mechanism responsible for the long-term growth of the SEI remains controversial. This study aims at discussing the characteristic time and state-of-charge dependence of SEI growth mediated by electron diffusion versus solvent diffusion. We describe both transport mechanisms with continuum models and compare them to experimental results. We show that electron diffusion can explain both the observed state-of-charge dependence and the time dependence. In contrast, we demonstrate that solvent diffusion can reproduce either the state-of-charge dependence or the time dependence of capacity fade. There is no intermediate regime where solvent diffusion can explain both dependencies simultaneously. Furthermore, we emphasize the crucial role of anode voltage and state-of-charge on SEI growth in general. Due to self-discharge, this dependence can explain deviations from the typical square-root behavior in the time domain. We conclude that electron diffusion is the relevant process leading to the state-of-charge dependent SEI growth. Further experiments are needed to investigate the reason for contributions to the capacity fade that are independent of the state-of-charge.


(57) Abstract: kits and methods for treating articular surface cartilage (10) effectively by implanting the surface to be treated cartilage matrix intracellular (18) is disclosed. The method includes the steps of placing cartilage matrix within cells (18) defects in the articular surface (30), a step of covering the treatment surface to be absorbed susceptible covering cap (16), the. The present invention also includes a kit for cartilage matrix in cell transplantation comprising a locking device and a cover cap (16).


ANISA ABDULLAH MASJHUR. Reproductive Biology of Indian Scad (Decapterus russelli Ruppell, 1830) in Sunda Strait Waters. Supervised by RAHMAT KURNIA and SULISTIONO. Indian scad (Decapterus russelli) is one of the economically important fish in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the reproductive biology of Indian scad.in Sunda Strait waters. The study was conducted from April-August 2015 in the Sunda Strait waters using method stratified random sampling. According the study, the sex ratio male and female of Indian scads was 1.29:1. The length maturity of male and female of Indian scads was estimated at 194 mm and 196 mm total length (based on King method) and length maturity of female and male of Indian scads was estimated at 194 mm and 195 mm total length (based on Spearman-Karber method). Spawning season of the fish in the Sunda Strait seem in May-August, based on the Gonadal Maturity Stages (GMS) and the Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) which higher in July indicating the peak of spawning month. The absolute fecundity ranged from 2330 to 117660 eggs and the reproductive patterns was partial spawner. Size of ova diameter of this fish ranged from 0,125 to 0,875 mm.


Sensitive electrodiagnostic technics were used in a study of 25 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Periarticular muscle atrophy could not be attributed to dys function of the lower motor neurone or muscle fibers.

Sensibile technicas electrodiagnostic esseva usate in un studio de 25 patientes con arthritis rheumatoide. Atrophia de musculo periarticular non poteva esser attribuite a dysfunction del neurones motori inferior o del fibras muscular.


The transmission of Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) requires signal processing for reliable and efficient performance over the computer and the communication platform. Speech quality, as perceived by the users of VoIP telephony, is critically important to update the service. Signal quality is degraded by network layer problems, including delay, jitter and packet loss. This paper presents a simulation model for VoIP and a simulative analysis of VoIP. The digital filtering algorithm is implemented on degraded VoIP speech signal.


The purpose of the present article is to make
an effective proposal for combating terrorist attacks related to illegal
migration. It is stated that terrorist attacks and illegal immigration are
organized criminal phenomena that are occasionally interconnected. The
peculiarity of these crimes is that they radically affect societies and that
combating preparatory illegal acts for their perpetration does not restrain the
entire criminal activity. Under these circumstances it results that undercover
operations are an effective, penetrative means of preventing organized criminal
activities. Finally, it is concluded that the confluence of two particularly
serious crimes leads to the proposal for adopting a new (more penetrative) type
of undercover operation through the
prism of the principle of proportionality.


A Reactive Atmosphere Process - Bridgman crystal growth system has been placed in operation. The 10.6 ..mu..m absorption has been measured for several KCl crystals grown in this system. The crystals show an absorption coefficient of 0.0004/cm-0.0006/cm. The effect of ionizing radiation on the 10.6 ..mu..m absorption of KCl has been determined. The observed absorption increase was found to be due to the F aggregate centers rather than to the Cl interstitials. (GRA)


Purpose – This paper aims to show the need for Europe to invest more in health care management training. It should be seen as a catalyst for accelerating the restructuring of the sector.Design/methodology/approach – The paper reports on an existing change management program developed and managed by Project Hope. The project is evaluated by investigating results achieved to date and the need for its services.Findings – Empirical research suggests that there is considerable need for management training in health care. This is especially the case in some Central and Eastern European countries, reinforcing the need for health care management programs such as the one conducted by Project Hope.Originality/value – The paper looks at a unique health care management training program in Central and Eastern Europe.


Infiltration outflow experiments, performed on undisturbed soil samples of coarse sandy loam taken in Korkusova Hut (KH) revealed the presence of preferential flow and steady state infiltration rate instability, compared to results of the same experiment performed on an undisturbed sample of fine sand taken in the Hupselse Beek, (HB) experimental watershed. The structure of soil samples was visualized by means of computer tomography, and in addition the infiltration outflow experiment for KH soil was performed in a magnetic resonance (MR) scanner. From MR images it was found that for the KH soil sample the character of flow changes gradually during the ponded infiltration. The volume flowing through the sample by gravity at the beginning of the experiment forming early outflow later decreases as the portion of the matrix flow increases. In the recurrent infiltration run into the saturated sample this decrease may be abrupt, accompanied by a significant decrease in the steady state infiltration rate. Both effects are unexpected from the point of view of Richards' theory.


The objective of this paper is to assess issues concerning non-motorized transportation in developing countries. This assessment is done through an examination of three topics: a brief overview of the transportation picture in developing countries; a study of city size and city form vis-a-vis pedestrian movement; and, a look at the characteristics of non-motorized modes, including their capacities. An analysis and discussion attempt to sort out the crucial issues connected with pedestrian planning in particular, and non-motorized transport in general. It is concluded (1) that special attention be paid to space/time capacity/cost issues connected with non-motorized modes (2) that some of the low-cost intermediate technology modes be examined for possible inclusion in traffic streams (3) that land-use patterns need to be rearranged keeping in mind the limitations of non-motorized modes, and (4) that the extent to which physical trip-making can be substituted by telecommunication needs to be examined very critically. An agenda for action reflects these concerns.


Herewith we have utilized the ability of a choline based deep eutectic solvent (DES) to dissolve DNA and disperse graphene for the synthesis of a Fe3O4 functionalized DNA–N-doped graphene hybrid material. N-Doped graphene prepared from graphene oxide and melamine by solar radiation was found to envelop the Fe3O4 functionalized DNA in a sandwich fashion. Attachment of Fe3O4 nanoparticles and N-doped graphene on the DNA structure and long term preservation of the conformation of DNA in the hybrid material was established. The magnetic hybrid material thus generated does not appear to inhibit the growth of mammalian cells in vitro and thus demonstrates their non-toxic nature, which is useful for biomedical applications.


Jurisdiction — Miscellaneous — Jurisdiction over Former Prisoners of War — Offence Committed by Prisoner of War in Captivity — Offence against Military Law of Prisoner's Home Country — Whether Courts of Home Country Competent to Exercise Jurisdiction after Prisoner's Release from Captivity — The Law of Italy. War — Prisoners of War — Offence against Military Law of Prisoner's Home Country — Offence Committed during Captivity in Territory of Detaining Power — Whether Courts of Home Country Competent to Exercise Jurisdiction after Prisoner's Release — The Law of Italy


Huge amounts of natural gas hydrate are trapped in an ice-like structure (hydrate). Most of these hydrates have been formed from biogenic degradation of organic waste in the upper crust and are almost pure methane hydrates. With up to 14 mol% methane, concentrated inside a water phase, this is an attractive energy source. Unlike conventional hydrocarbons, these hydrates are widely distributed around the world, and might in total amount to more than twice the energy in all known sources of conventional fossil fuels. A variety of methods for producing methane from hydrate-filled sediments have been proposed and developed through laboratory scale experiments, pilot scale experiments, and theoretical considerations. Thermal stimulation (steam, hot water) and pressure reduction has by far been the dominating technology platforms during the latest three decades. Thermal stimulation as the primary method is too expensive. There are many challenges related to pressure reduction as a method. Conditions of pressure can be changed to outside the hydrate stability zone, but dissociation energy still needs to be supplied. Pressure release will set up a temperature gradient and heat can be transferred from the surrounding formation, but it has never been proven that the capacity and transport ability will ever be enough to sustain a commercial production rate. On the contrary, some recent pilot tests have been terminated due to freezing down. Other problems include sand production and water production. A more novel approach of injecting CO2 into natural gas hydrate-filled sediments have also been investigated in various laboratories around the world with varying success. In this work, we focus on some frequent misunderstandings related to this concept. The only feasible mechanism for the use of CO2 goes though the formation of a new CO2 hydrate from free water in the pores and the incoming CO2. As demonstrated in this work, the nucleation of a CO2 hydrate film rapidly forms a mass transport barrier that slows down any further growth of the CO2 hydrate. Addition of small amounts of surfactants can break these hydrate films. We also demonstrate that the free energy of the CO2 hydrate is roughly 2 kJ/mol lower than the free energy of the CH4 hydrate. In addition to heat release from the formation of the new CO2 hydrate, the increase in ion content of the remaining water will dissociate CH4 hydrate before the CO2 hydrate due to the difference in free energy.


Abstract : Field experiments have shown that scattering by random heterogeneity has a significant influence on explosively induced stress wave propagation. Physical models of stress wave propagation created by explosive tests are based on the traditional assumption that the subsurface geologic material can be divided into homogeneous layers. This simplistic approach may by responsible for much of the discrepancy which remains between observations from field experiments and computational results. Stochastic modeling techniques were applied to the problem of ground shock propagation through spatially random geologic media. Using these techniques, the spatial variability in the material model is defined by (1) the type of statistical distribution which defines the subsurface heterogeneity; (2) the scale or correlation distance of the variability; and (3) the mean and standard deviation of the material property under consideration. For the particular site under study, these statistical parameters have been estimated from cone penetrometer testing, laboratory material property testing, and seismic surveys. The statistical estimates of the properties are used in the stochastic modeling technique to modify the output of a random generator. the output, termed spatially random geologic variability factors in this study, was then incorporated into a finite difference ground shock code to simulate the subsurface in homogeneities.


kind.· Indeed,. venerability almost depends on some kind of dose connection with those just embarking on life. If I were forced to describe what I mean by venerability I would do it in terms of certain notable friendships between youth and age, as between Boswell and Johnson. Mr. Justice Holmes, seventy-five, and Harold Laski, twentythree, began in 1916 to write each other 2,000 pages of letters which may well be the soundest and friendliest comment on the times to survive. Thomas Jefferson, over seventy, began his university for the young and worked out a highly successful mystical union with the students by dining in an alcove where they could see him fr0tm ,tihe main table, which he gave up to ,them, but where they need not feel obliged to speak through his hearing problem. The voice of 1776 did not need to repeat itself garrulously in 1816. The students could see him, which was enough both for them and for the geriatric patient in question, who was slowly getting the Virginia Legislature to wade and then to splash in the idea of a university. The personal finances of the patient were a classic ruin as his fortunes sank beneath a house so beautiful that the unborn would renew its planks and bricks decades later, but the old man was too preoccupied with the play of children to bother, and one of them grew up sufficiently straight to pay his grandfather's debts and shepherd his university on through the century. Did Jefferson have an eye problem, as well as a hearing one? I never have heard, but if he did, it was (or would have been) just one more thing, which he and they about him managed (or would have managed) on the basis of oommon humanity.


Despite a growing concern with ethics in sociotechnical studies with/for older people (aged 65+), we still lack an exploration of strategies to identify and tackle potential negative effects that can emerge during and after the research. This is particularly critical when working with frail participants, vulnerable groups, or sensitive settings. How can we ensure that the technology we develop and/or evaluate does not harmfully impact our research participants, even if unintentionally? Drawing on a case study of a communication app developed to address loneliness and social isolation in later life, as well as on years of ethnographic fieldwork with older people, we argue for an ethical display approach. This approach: i) bridges procedural and situational ethics, ii) engages ethics throughout the research process, and iii) maps both positive and negative 'unintended consequences', applying Robert K. Merton's sociological framework.


The purpose of this research is to find out the upcoming implementation, development and trend of JKT PDG JKT route of CityLink Airlines using the Allotment System. The problem of this study is the decreasing development of seat sales with the allotment system method. The method used in this study was a linear trend method to forecast sales in the following year. The results of this study are to use the Allotment System. The previous application of the seat allotment on CityLink flights is now no longer applied, because with many low-cost airline competition, all branches should try to sell as many seats as possible. The Padang branch and the Jakarta branch no longer sell tickets using the rationing system because it will reduce sales in other areas. Besides, with the existence of the global distribution system and computerized-system (CRS), and e-commerce, each customer could buy tickets easily though in areas that do not have branch representatives.


In the year 1972. the Central Marine
Fisheries Research Institute commenced for
the first time a research project under the major
title "Miscellaneous Investigations" and project
title "Aquaculture. its potential and practical
applications". The plan of work included
culture of clams and oysters to be undertaken
in suitable areas of Tuticorin and Mandapam.
The experimental programme on pearl culture
was initiated the same year at Tuticorin as a
later addition.


Ice formation is a common phenomenon that brings security risks in numerous fields. A superhydrophobic surface can greatly delay icing time due to its liquid repellence feature, but it fails under cold and humid conditions. In this work, a photo‐thermal@electro‐thermal superhydrophobic coating (PESC) consisting of electric‐conductive carbon nanotubes (ECNTs) and fluoro‐modified polyacrylate is constructed by means of spray to realize both anti‐icing and de‐icing simultaneously. Traditional ECNTs not only provide hierarchical micro‐nano structures to construct superhydrophobic surfaces for anti‐icing, but also guarantee de‐icing capacity because of solar‐thermal and electric‐thermal effects. In warm daytime, enough heat is generated by solar‐thermal conversion to keep the temperature of the coating surface above zero to achieve anti‐icing and de‐icing. On a cloudy day or extremely cold day, the coating also can stay warm to prevent icing, owing to photo‐thermal and electric‐thermal dual effects. And during the cold nighttime, the coating is heated to prevent icing after it is electrified as a result of electric‐thermal effects. The PESC system can reduce electricity consumption from the maximum, fulfilling eco‐friendly and energy saving concepts. This functional superhydrophobic coating with anti‐icing and swift de‐icing performance may have broad application prospects in the power industry.


BACKGROUND
Farming is one of the most injury-prone occupations in Finland as it is in other countries. Our goals were to describe work injuries of Finnish farmers and to compare occupational injury rates between various subgroups.

METHODS
A national cohort of 69,629 full-time farmers and their 11,657 compensated injuries were identified from an insurance company database. Cohort data were merged with a population census and farm register. Relative incidence rates were calculated using Poisson regression.

RESULTS
Men had higher injury rates than women, except with regard to injuries caused by animals. Dairy and hog farming were the riskiest activities, and injury rates increased with the number of dairy cows.

CONCLUSIONS
One-half of insured farmers in Finland are full-time farmers, which may have lead to underestimation of risk in Finnish injury statistics. Dairy farming is of particular concern because it is both common and has a high injury rate.


With the rapid development of informationization in Colleges and universities,colleges and universities basically have established specialized computer room.The computer room can be directly connected to the internet.It brings great convenience for teaching and learning,but there are also many potential safety hazards.Long-term and stable operation of computer room is the issuse that should be considered by the computer virus protection.This paper introduces the source of computer virus and protection stratgies.


The utility model discloses a moveable gas well underground oil pipe corrosion monitoring device which is designed for conducting accurate monitoring and analysis evaluation on gas well underground corrosion conditions. The monitoring device is composed of a landing nipple and a bracket locating sub. A landing body of the landing nipple is provided with a slip fixed through a falling-preventing ring, and the bottom end of the landing body is connected with the inside of a connector hole. A body of the bracket locating sub is provided with windows distributed evenly, brackets and bracket protective pads are embedded in the windows, bracket locating sleeves fixed on the body are arranged on the outer sides of the bracket protective pads, and the inside of the body top end hole is connected with a connector. The monitoring device can conduct monitoring and analysis evaluation on the gas well underground corrosion conditions and is high in measuring precision, landing depth of the device and the bracket quantity can be flexibly adjusted, operation is simple, pipe column lifting and placing are not required during well maintaining, cost and workload are small, operation risks are small, construction time is short, efficiency is high, well gas production is not affected, and online corrosion and reasonable corrosion predicting information is provided for the gas well production.


The documentation and data of archaeology - planned or preventive - and of cultural heritage, lead to the need for technical and semantic interoperability. Developing and using ontologies, standards and languages devoted to archaeology, intend to make easier the integration, exchange and sustainability of cultural information. Some researchers have explored these approaches during the previous CAA (Perth 2013 sessions 4, 5 and 6). Archaeology, and its documentation and data, are multidisciplinary and heterogeneous. In order to make the best use of conceptual reference models and their implementation in standards, a balance must be found between general approaches, which allow promote interdisciplinary exchanges, and specialized ones that preserve unique aspects of archaeological research (contextualization, uncertainty, incompleteness, evolution analysis, review of dating, different spatial scales, subjectivity methods, observation and/or interpretation, allocation, etc.). The use of ontologies and standards for treatment of cultural heritage information (CIDOC-CRM / ISO 21127; Europeana Data Model...), spatial information (INSPIRE, ISO 19115, GML, GeoSPARQL...) or languages and thesauri (OWL, SKOS...), already has a proven basis but it may be insufficient. During their implementation in recording, studing and manageing applications using archaeological data, various standards and conceptual models should ensure archaeologists to choose the good level for representating information, from operational to continental scales. To encourage the use by cultural heritage specialists of languages and construction principles of ontologies , works specific to their domains have to be shown. This will involve presenting standards, and models, but also tools developed on recognized standards already adopted by the scientific community and cultural institutions. The use and reuse of archaeological data encoded in a standardized way, and metadata widely available also raise several points of discussion: the integrity of archaeological data, the risk of misinterpretation, the quality of recorded data, the need for labeling data, the level of specialization in data description and levels of generality imposed by interoperability, etc.


Abstract To overcome the problems of running a subtense traverse along a busy street, or over cultivated farmlands etc., the high tripod shown in the photograph was devised. The bottom section of each leg of a wooden telescopic tripod was replaced by a 10-ft-long aluminium pipe, into which was driven a wooden joining piece suitably shaped to fit into the top section of the tripod leg; then the conversion of the standard tripod into the high one takes only a few minutes.


The secondary metabolism is an interesting way to explore new compounds which have great biological activities. This characteristic is the reason why chemists have shown interest in this type of technology opening a gate to a new biotechnology. The wide varieties of compounds that have been found in microbial cultures and plant extracts have economic interest. As many microbial species Bacillus also produces many metabolites with biological activities [1].


At the construction stage of hydraulic work on a river,a cofferdam of phased diversion narrows the riverbed and causes a change in the flow around it.This change depends on the toe scouring and reinforcing of the cofferdam and causes certain effects on the flood discharging capacity,navigation conditions and deformation of the river.This paper presents simulations of flow in the reach of riverbed narrowed by a phased-diversion cofferdam,using a depth-integrated 2-D numerical model based on solution by finite-volume method.This model was validated by experimental data of velocity and water stage,and the analysis in this paper focuses on four different ratios of flow contraction around the cofferdam.It is found that the cofferdam might significantly affect the flow field and that the contraction ratio was one of the major factors.A greater contraction ratio results in deeper and farther backwater and greater water surface drop at the entrance of narrowed section,with higher flow velocities in this section and a lengthened recirculation zone downstream.When different shapes of flow contraction are adopted,however,different trends appear in the variations of flow around the narrowed section.


This study explains efforts for street children to obtain Islamic Education. Islam as a way of life gives a thorough attention to the growth and development of children physical and psychological aspects. The problem is, the majority of street children are neglected in the field of education because of dropping out of school in the productive age. The existence and activation of Islamic boarding schools, NGOs, and even educational volunteers have not been maximized. One sample, according to Social Rehabilitation Section Data, Malang City Social Service, total number of children in 2014 is still 548 children.This study is a type of library research, through qualitative descriptive approach with data collection method of documentation study. Specifically, according to the results of the study, humanist, dialogical, reflective, expressive, and basic needs fulfillment approach is suitable. The form of modeling ("uswatun khasanah") with parenting pattern can give impact. This research suggestion, Islamic education can be done through formal form, nonformal, and informal. Pondok Pesantren, shelter houses, and mosques can be a means, including cooperation among Non Government Associations (NGO's). At the end of the analysis, the researcher suggests that there is early psychological diagnosis and procurement of exclusive kiddos/kindergartens.


Dawn Bonfield MBE, Past President of the Women's Engineering Society, reflects on the organisation's work to advance the cause of female engineers since its founding 100 years ago.


In the present paper, we consider the dynamics of the time-frequency activity of ECoG data in WAG/Rij rats, well known as experimental models of absence epilepsy. With the help of the wavelet technique of tracking the duration and number of oscillatory patterns, it is possible to observe that with an increase in the amount of epileptic activity, a qualitative restructuring of oscillatory activity in the ECoG occurs during sleep and wakefulness.


Antrimycin Dv, a representative of the antrimycin and cirratiomycin classes of tuberculostatic heptapeptide anibiotics containing a tetrahydropyridazinecarboxylic acid unit, has been synthesized.


The phenomenon of linewidth continuously broadening along with the recirculation number in recirculating frequency shifting loop is observed. In this paper, a novel method of measuring the phase noise accumulation induced by EDFA in recirculating frequency shifting loop is proposed and the experiment results support the viewpoint of the laser linewidth will be broadening by EDFA. An empirical formula has been extracted to estimate the linewidth deterioration of the RFS output. We demonstrate the relationship between the linewidth and the recirculation number of the RFS based optical frequency comb in both theoretically and experimentally. By employing the recirculation frequency shifting loop, the phase noise accumulation induced by EDFA could be measured obviously and the linewidth of each tone can be measured precisely.


For the minimal graph with strictly convex level sets, we find an auxiliary function to study the Gaussian curvature of the level sets. We prove that this curvature function is a concave function with respect to the height of the minimal surface while this auxiliary function is almost sharp when the minimal surface is the catenoid.


certain elements of African life which have bearing on an economic approach. These include in particular the matters of the role of livestock, the relation between people and livestock, the nature of rights in people, the nature of so-called corporate groups, and the nature of food production and exchange. In making this reassessment, I am drawing heavily upon the results of my study of the Wanyaturu or Turu of central Tanganyika in 1959 and 1960 and on an extension of the conclusions to other pastoral societies, based upon the feeling that there is sufficient evidence from ethnographic sources to warrant such an hypothetical extension, even though it is oversimplified. One of the most distressing barriers to the development of a comparative economics with the sophistication of Western economics is often said to be the lack of precise pricing of values in non-Western societies. Prices represent values and by means of them values can be accurately compared. But I do not believe that such a barrier exists in studying the economics of pastoral Africa simply because it is now apparent that livestock fill the role of money. Livestock in pastoral Africa have various uses of which the most important are those of food, production of young and repositories of value whereby they are utilizable as money. As money, livestock are graded in value and precise ratios of value are established between the types so that various combinations of animals can be equated with each other, just as various denominations of money can be. Few single societies possess the full range of types of livestock, which over the whole of pastoral Africa includes horses, camels, cattle, goats and sheep as well as some less important ones, like chickens. However it seems clear that taken all together the values of these animals are in the rank just listed, i.e., horses are the most valuable and goats and sheep least valuable. Otherwise, female animals are more valuable than males (except in some societies, like Turu, where the sex of goats and sheep is ignored), and mature animals are more valuable than immature ones. A heifer is less valuable than a cow, or at least than a young cow, because the chief value of a female animal is her reproductive capacity and a cow has proven her ability to re-


Energy is the core of life, central to doing, living, building. Since the first "energy crisis" of the late 1970s, design and construction professionals have been keenly aware of energy issues: energy-saving lights and appliances, efficiency standards for heating and cooling, and the seesawing costs of fuel. Energy efficiency can sell a property, and inefficient use of energy can sink a construction business. Construction "represents a huge, relatively long-duration energy investment";1 currently, this investment is mostly gambled, rather than managed.


The present study sought to highlight the potential use of plant derived products in the treatment and prevention of seed-borne diseases with the aim of reducing the yield loss one of the most important crops: Tomato. Medicinal plants are prominent and are cultivated worldwide and/or are used commercially. The present study evaluated and analysed the effect of plant extracts from two medicinal plants (Ocimum basilicum and Artemisia absinthium) on tomato seed quality. The study found that seed treatment with Ocimum basilicum showed greater root and shoot lengths than both the control and tomato seeds treated with Artemisia Absinthium. Also, Ocimum basilicum inhibited seed germination and vigour more than Artemisia Absinthium. The study concluded that seed treatment with medical plant extracts may enhance seed quality and vigour.


Background: There is a need for data on epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic aspects of ventricular septal defect among children in Sub-Saharan Africa. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, epidemioclinical, echocardiographic, therapeutic and evolutionary aspects of ventricular septal defects (VSD) in the pediatric department of the University Hospital Center (CHUSS) of Bobo-Dioulasso. Methods: This study was a descriptive cross-sectional study, conducted from November 2013 to December 2016. All children aged 1 to 179 months seen at the pediatric consultation in CHUSS were included. CIV was confirmed with Doppler echocardiography. Results: Out of 36,240 children who received consultation in the pediatric ward of CHUSS during the study period, one hundred (100) cases of them had congenital heart disease representing a hospital prevalence of 2.76%. This was diagnosed with Doppler echocardiography. Of these, 88% were VSD isolated or associated with other cardiac malformations. Isolated form was reported in 54.3% of cases. The average age at diagnosis was 39.6 months. The sex ratio was 1.05. Perimembranous topography and hemodynamic type 2 were the highest, representing 56.8% and 35.2% respectively. The indication for surgical repair was recommended for 81.8% of the cases, but only 9.7% of these cases benefited from cardiac surgery. The rest were for medicalcare with a high proportion of lost to follow-up (48.9%). Conclusion: VSD is the most common congenital heart disease. Its care is mainly surgical. This cardiac surgery is non-existent in Burkina Faso. The design of multidisciplinary strategies associated with an optimization of the means of the countries of Sub-Saharan Africa could improve the management of this cardiopathy.


【Microwaves are non-ionizing electromagnetic waves of frequency between 300MHz to 300GHz and positioned between the X-ray and infrared rays in the electromagnetic spectrum. In recent years, the use of microwave for extraction of ingredient from plant material has shown remarkable research interest and potential. Scutellaria radix has been used as a traditional medicine for a variety of diseases. It has been reported to exert beneficial health effects, such as anti-bacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and free-radical scavenging. Oxidative stress or the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leads neuronal cellular death and dysfunction, and it contributes to neuronal degenerative disease such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and stroke. In this study, we aimed to compare the neuroprotective and antioxidant effect of Scutellaria radix extracted by different methods using hot-water extraction (SBE-DW) or microwave extraction (SBE-DW-MW). As a result, we first examined HPLC analysis of hot-water and microwave extracts of Scutellaria radix. The hot-water and microwave extracts of Scutellaria radix showed the discernible difference patterns of HPLC analysis. Microwave-water extracts of Scutellaria radix increased DPPH radical scavenging activity more than hot-water extraction. Microwave-water extracts of Scutellaria radix also showed neuroprotective effects and ROS inhibition against glutamate-induced oxidative stress in mouse hippocampal HT22 cells, but hot-water extraction not showed. In addition, the phosphorylation of MAPKs induced by glutamate insult was prevented by microwave-water extracts of Scutellaria radix. Thus, these results suggested that microwave extraction can be utilized for improving the extraction efficiency and biological activity of Scutellaria radix.】


Objective: To detect the proportion of MDSCs (myeloid-derived suppressor cells) in the peripheral blood and dissected tissues of gastric cancer, and to analyze the correlation between the frequency of MDSCs and the clinical and pathological parameters. Methods: The peripheral blood samples before surgical operation and the dissected tissues of gastric cancer from 38 cases were collected. The immunofluorescence and flow cytometry were used to detect the proportions of MDSCs and the expressions of their surface antigens including CD3, CD14, CD19, CD56, CD11b, CD1а and CD18 in the peripheral blood and the cancer tissues. The statistic analysis was used to analyze the correlation between the frequency of MDSCs and the clinical and pathological parameters. Results: MDSCs were found in peripheral blood and cancer tissues with a remarkable high proportion in patients with gastric cancer as compared with that in the healthy volunteers. The myeloid cell antigens were expressed on the surface of MDSCs but the expressions of lineage antigens were absent. The frequency of MDSCs was related to H. pylori (helicobacter pylori) infection and cancer staging. Conclusion: The expansion of MDSCs is involved in development of gastric cancer and this may become a new study focus on gastric cancer intervention. DOI:10.3781/j.issn.1000-7431.2013.09.010


ANY panel that proposes to consider national health planning has its At~. work cut out for it. Much as we have needed such planning, there has not been much of it in the past. Nor have we had a coherent national health policy. In fact, it was not until several years ago that the U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW) acknowledged that the federal government had no health policy. What health policy we had was determined by the president, Congress, and federal agencies-acting alone or in combination. Our elected leaders, of course, will always be the final arbiters of national health programs. The problem is: How good is the advice they receive, and with what alternatives are they confronted? Presidents and members of Congress come and go. One cannot look to the federal health bureaucracy, as it is presently constituted, for continuity and consistency. The last time someone looked, there were 23 federal agencies with health responsibilities. Often these agencies work at cross purposes or duplicate one another's efforts. Nor is there a single person in charge of health planning, policy making, and administration. Dr. Roger 0. Egeberg, assistant secretary for Health and Scientific Affairs in HEW, is commonly believed to be the nation's top health administrator, but he has direct administrative control over only about 17% of the money that the federal government spends for health purposes. Two years ago a member of the staff of a Senate subcommittee looked into this situation. He reported that some federal agencies did not even know the number of health programs they had. One agency did not even know that it had any. It did-a program budgeted at


Drug labels provide first hand information to the patients as well as it provides a unique identity to the medical product Misreading the label inadequate information on label inappropriate labeling font writing style and its placement on the dosage form are the few of the barriers identified for inappropriate labeling practices Objective The main objective of the present study was to assess current labeling practices in inpatient departments of health care facilities among public and private sectors in twin cities of Pakistan Methodology A descriptive cross sectional study design was used A total of twenty healthcare facilities were randomly selected i e from public and from private sectors As per WHO criteria thirty encounters per facility were observed ISMP guidelines were used to develop a structured observation form After data collection data was recorded on structured observation form containing pre determined set of indicators After data collection data was cleaned coded and entered in SPSS version Descriptive statistics of frequency and percentages were calculated Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney tests p le were performed to find out differences among variables Results Out of total hospitals visited only were having proper IPD pharmacy setup in public sector while in private sector were having proper IPD pharmacy setup Significant differences p le were found among the labeling practices carried for label identification label instruction and label layout with respect to city sector gender designation age experience and dosage form Labeling practices carried in private sector and healthcare facilities located in Islamabad were comparatively better than the public sector and healthcare facilities located in Rawalpindi Pharmacists had relatively more compliance with the standard labeling guidelines Conclusion The present study concluded that the labeling practices carried at the hospital pharmacies were not up to the mark Although labeling practices in terms of labeling identification was appropriately mentioned but labeling instructions and layout were not in compliance with the standard labeling guidelines This might be due to lack of availability implementation of national standard labeling guidelines lack of interest knowledge and training of dispensers regarding good labeling practices nbsp


A heat exchanger is a mechanical device used for transfer of heat from one medium to another or from one fluid to other. The application of heat exchangers can be in the process of cooling and heating both. The applications of heat exchangers are in the field of textile industries, food processing industries, petrochemical industries, and medical industries. The requirement of the present manufacturing and production factories directs the researchers in finding a substitute system which should be effective in the most efficient way. From different types of heat exchangers the helical coil heat exchangers with double coil is to be under study. For making the helical coil heat exchanger for higher performance and efficiency at low manufacturing and maintenance cost in which maximum utilization of heat energy of flue gases is possible and also which is cheap and easy to accommodate by any industries for their operation. And to improve the working condition, life of device and decrease the losses by altering the type of material of tubes for given mechanical and thermal property for which the heat exchanger is to be designed.