Prescribed time is an appealing but ambitious performance specification for many time-critical applications. Within the prescribed time, accurately reaching a moving target naturally becomes a more demanding goal. In this letter, we address prescribed-time exact tracking for nonlinear systems. The tracking only works within the prescribed time, differently from the conventional tracking. First, a temporal transformation is performed on the original system, to convert prescribed-time exact tracking in finite horizon to asymptotic tracking in a new infinite horizon. Then, a new vector of augmented reference signals is worked out, with the goal of forcing the difference between such a vector and the state vector of the original system to converge to zero with a desired speed. By scaling the difference to reduce convergence to boundedness, a new weakly time-varying system is obtained which is instrumental for the design of the control law for the original system. In addition, two refined pseudo functions are integrated into Lyapunov functions, thus avoiding the use of completing the square in the design of the control law. The main result is illustrated by a simulation example, after an extension to a class of systems admitting input-matched uncertainties.


MarketWatch from Dow Jones is an online source for business news, financial information, and analytical tools. Originally called CBS MarketWatch.com, the Web site (http://www.marketwatch.com) was founded in 1997 as a joint venture between CBS and Data Broadcasting Corporation. MarketWatch went public with a blazing IPO in 1999 and survived the Internet bust of the early 2000s by expanding its business activities to include subscription and licensing services. As spending on Internet advertising rebounded in 2004, Dow Jones & Company completed its purchase of CBS MarketWatch in early 2005. A key factor for the acquisition was that the demand for online advertising is expected to continue to grow and executives feel additional prime Internet pages to place advertisements will be needed to meet the forecasted increase.1 MarketWatch continues to offer both free and premium services. They also partner with various Dow Jones properties such as CareerJournal.com and OpinionJournal.com to offer additional free content. This review will focus on the free services and information provided at MarketWatch.com.


Russia was and remains to be a Eurasian territory in terms of its geographic location. However, there is nothing specifically Eurasian, either ideologically, politically, culturally or economically, that would make it possible to speak seriously about Eurasianism as a basis for future international political and economic integration of different countries around Russian Siberia and – more broadly – Russia as its centre, without considerable economic achievements of Russia and serious financial inflows in the Siberian economy. The colossal space of Russian Siberia with scattered spots of current economic exploitation activity primarily designed and operated for excavation of natural resources, cannot serve the purposes of Eurasian integration in any way. There remain serious opportunities associated with the development of the Arctic territories, but they can serve Eurasian integration purposes only if large infrastructure projects are implemented that would link the southern and northern zones of Siberia into a single economic space.


Abstract potential damage is an extremely important potential damage form in European legal systems theory. In German,Japanese and the Taiwan area,the abstract potential damage exists generally in their criminal legislation. Since the appearance of the risk society,it is the ultimate goal for the establishment of abstract potential damage to guard against the social risk. The establishment of abstract potential damage can reduce the tenable standard of public nuisance crime,and can also reduce the burden of proof for investigator. The criminal law is a product which the society needs. When the life style of human has changed,the criminal law must be revised to comply with the new social practice. The abstract potential damage is best demonstration of the thought of advancing with the times.


We present a patient who has prior delivery by Caesarean section having arteriovenous malformation in the uterus. The diagnosis of an AVM was made by color Doppler velocimetry and confirmed with hysteroscopy. The patient desired to maintain her fertility and was managed conservatively with GnRH analogues.


The synthesis of ZnCdS nanomaterial in MCM-41 matrix has been realized by chemical synthesis among MCM-41, ZnCl2, and CdCl2 via an ion exchange method in aqueous solution. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were used to characterize the products. Several parameters were examined, catalyst amount (0.1–6 g L−1), pH (3–12), and initial concentration of MB (0.16–3.2 ppm). The extent of degradation was estimated from the residual concentration by spectrophotometrically. The average size of ZnCdCl2 in MCM-41 nanostructure was obtained about 3 nm by TEM.


The demand for solar photovoltaic (PV) system is growing rapidly driven by new technology and strong economies of scale. PV systems directly convert solar energy into electricity without release any pollution into the environment and deplete natural resources. PV technology has matured and its reliability keeps improving. However, PV system is more expensive to produce than conventional sources of energy due in part to the cost of manufacturing PV devices and in part to the conversion efficiencies of the equipment. Besides, important attention in designing, developing and installing the PV systems is time-consuming. In this paper, we propose a mathematical model to predict the PV systems behaviour and performance by considering the plausible factors. The factors accept in this model are solar irradiance and manufacturers' information for the type of PV panel. A case study at the eastern part of Peninsular Malaysia was conducted to examine the effect of factors on the performance of PV. Through the comparative analysis, the results have a good agreement.


The area about Mt. Mullens (Lat 42" 13' S., Long. 145 o 52' E.) in Central Western Tasmania is underiain by rocks of Precambrian age, with a possible area of Ordovician sediments in the soucheastern corner, and a discontinuous veneer of Pleistocene glacial and fiuvioglacial sediments. The Precambrian rocks are Irom oldest to youngest, the Joyce Group (garneL-mica schis~s) overlain by the quartz schists, quartzites and phyllites of the Mary Group, next garnet-mica schists, correlated with the Franklin Group in a downl'aulted block. Jane Dolomite occurs in the south-east, and Scotchfire (?) Group phyllites, schists, ea.ic-sehists and dolomites occur immediately to the east of the area. There may be a major unconformity below the Jane Dolomite. The Scotchfire (?) r;sediments have been intruded by pre-metamorphic basic igneous rocks. The area is divided up into an eastern and a western structural unit and the contact of the two units is shown to be a fault. The Precambrian sediments have been regionally metamorphosed in varying amounts and range in grade from unmetamorphosed (? l Jane Dolomite, through the chlorite zone to the garnet zone. The sediments were folded into the Collingwood Syncline during the Tabberabberan Orogeny and a.re strongly faulted. Evidence of two phases of Pleistocene glaciation is seen in the area, an earlier extensive ice-cap and a later, less extensive, valley phase.


Tentrained patients withtypical angina pectoris took partinadouble-blind cross-over study to assesstheeffects onexercise tolerance of50andI00mgalprenolol andplacebo, onthree successive days. Onthefourth day, a knowndoseof200mg alprenolol wasgiven. Analysis oftheresults showed thatthere was a dose-dependent reduction ofexercise-induced tachycardia andrise insystolic blood pressure attimesofcomparable work, sucheffects being greatest after theadministration ofthe 200 mg dose, presumably proportional tothedegree of adrenergic beta-blockade. Thegreatest increase oftotal workwasgenerally seenafter theI00mg dose. Inaddition, theappearance ofangina was delayed toa greaterdegree after thisdosethananyother. Possible reasonsforthese observations inrelation totheknownpharmacological actions ofbetareceptor blocking drugs arediscussed. Itisconcluded thatthough theI00mg dosegenerally is themosteffective dose, theoptimal dose rangemay varyfrom50to200mg.


used during the vulval hematoma drainage, under epidural anaesthesia. In a term pregnancy, the systemic vascular resistance (SVR) decreases by 20%. Further reduction of SVR by epidural local anaesthetics can cause hypotension and further worsen the right-to-left shunt, already present in Tetralogy/Pentalogy of Fallot. Monitoring of arterial blood pressure can help in titrating epidural local anaesthetics and managing haemodynamic alterations, with the timely use of a vasopressor, and performing arterial blood gas analysis in case of worsening cyanosis or a cyanotic spell.[3,4] 3. The authors mentioned about the 'minimisation of sympathetic blockade by maintaining intravascular volume,' but did not mention if any vasopressor was used or kept ready. Any degree of sympathetic blockade would decrease the SVR and could worsen the right-to-left shunt in such patients. Phenylephrine is considered to be the vasopressor of choice. It should be kept ready and used at the earliest.[3,5] 4. The authors mentioned that 10 units of oxytocin were used during labour. However, they did not discuss the adverse effects of oxytocin on the Fallot physiology. Oxytocin (particularly if given as a bolus) caused peripheral vasodilation and a decrease in SVR, thereby increasing the chance of worsening of the right-to-left shunt. We presume that it was given as slow infusion.[6] 5. Air embolism is a serious concern in such patients. All intravenous lines used in such patients should be equipped with a device to filter air bubbles, to prevent paradoxical air embolism.[3]


Background: Family planning programmes exist to protect the welfare of the mother and child and in turn, care about the welfare of the family. Irrespective of socioeconomic status or place of residence every member of the country should have access to the right contraceptive method. Unplanned pregnancies have serious implications on both the mother's and child's morbidity and mortality. It can affect the health of a family as a whole.
Objectives: To estimate the awareness of different contraceptive methods, its identify factors affecting it's usage and assess the pattern of usage.
Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional study, knowledge, attitude and practice of contraceptive methods among postpartum women were assessed using a structured questionnaire. Sample size was 330 and analysis was done through CHI square test.
Results: Majority of the participants were between the ages of 20 and 30 years. Most of the participants (96%) were aware of at least one contraceptive method.
Conclusion: Family planning is vital to the health and proper functioning of a family.


This paper discusses how should the team grasp the management of bath salt quality as the team centralized management land


Appending Chlorella pyrenoidosa powder by 10g/L in the basic medium of Ganoderma lucidum could enhance the polysaccharides yield to 0.29mg/L by bioconversion.In order to study the anti-tumor activity of different polysaccharides(from fermentation liquid of bioconverted Chlorella pyrenoidosa by Ganoderma lucidum,from fermentation liquid of Ganoderma lucidum in basic madium,from Chlorella pyrenoidosa,or mixed polysaccharides),an experiment was carried out in vivo.The results showed the bioconverted polysaccharides had the best anti-tumor activity.The anti-tumor inhibition was 76.2% at the optimum dose(0.2g/kg·d).


Many scholars view artworks as the products of cultural history and arbitrary institutional conventions. Others construe art as the result of psychological mechanisms internal to the organism. These historical and psychological approaches are often viewed as foes rather than friends. Is it possible to combine these two approaches in a unified analysis of the perception and consciousness of artworks? I defend a positive answer to this question and propose a psycho-historical theory, which argues that artworks are historical and material artefacts designed to prompt mental activities and elicit the conscious experience of aesthetic worlds. My argument suggests that the material components of artworks — termed their 'material substrata' — are crucial mediators between historical contexts and the mental activities elicited by the perception of artworks. Many scholars view artworks as the products of cultural history and arbitrary institutional conventions. Others construe art as the result of psychological mechanisms internal to human organisms. These historical and psychological approaches are often viewed as foes rather than friends. Is it possible to combine these two approaches in a Journal of Consciousness Studies, 16, No. 1, 2009, pp. 85–109 Correspondence: Centre de recherches sur les arts et le langage (CRAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 96 Bd Raspail, 75006, Paris, France. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com. [1] The author wishes to thank Catharine Abell, Rolf Reber and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on earlier versions of this article. This research has benefitted from a Tübitak Fellowship awarded by the Council for Higher Education of Turkey and the Middle East Technical University in Ankara. Copyright (c) Imprint Academic 2005 For personal use only -not for reproduction unified analysis of the perception and consciousness of artworks? I defend a positive answer to this question and propose a psycho-historical theory, which argues that artworks are historical and material artefacts designed to prompt mental activities and elicit the conscious experience of aesthetic worlds. The essay comprises four sections. Sections 1 and 2 introduce the ostensible conflict between the historical and psychological approaches to art by revealing a tension between (i) the historical claim that works of art are brought into existence by the social conventions holding in each artworld and (ii) the view that artworks are material artefacts that cause psychological effects, the existence of which depends on networks of causally interconnected material individuals. Section 2 analyzes the difficulties found in George Dickie's institutional theory of art, which derive from a restrictive focus on arbitrary cultural conventions. In contrast to the constructivist theories that view artworlds as entities constructed from social conventions, sections 3 and 4 propose an alternative, joint psychological and historical theory termed the 'psycho-historical theory' of artworks. This theory stems from an ontology according to which artworks are material artefacts that pertain to historical artefact-worlds and can elicit aesthetic experiences. In section 4, the theory specifies the dependence relations between artworks, their psychological effects and their material and historical conditions. The account is psychological insofar as it acknowledges that the material substratum of artworks prompts perceivers' mental processes because it directs their attention and imagination. It is historical insofar as it apprehends artworks as material artefacts that carry information relative to historical and cultural systems. The substratum of an artwork exhibits traces intentionally and unintentionally left by its makers and other entities, and such traces must be studied to appreciate and understand the artwork as a genuine psycho-historical compound. 1. The Ostensible Conflict between the Historical and Psychological Approaches to Works of Art A theory adopts the historical approach if it appeals to historical contexts and institutional entities to define art and study particular artworks. Historical and institutional theories hold that the historical or institutional context within which an object is produced determines whether or not it is a work of art. In recent philosophical aesthetics, the theories of artworks proposed by Arthur Danto (1964; 1981), George Dickie (1997 [1984]) and Jerrold Levinson (1996; 2002) have 86 N. BULLOT Copyright (c) Imprint Academic 2005 For personal use only -not for reproduction defended the historical approach under different guises. These writers suggest that the referents of the terms of 'art' and 'artwork' must be fixed relative to criteria connected to a particular temporal and cultural context, so that whether something is art today depends on what has been art in the past. In Levinson's terms, 'the concrete history of art is logically implicated in the way the concept of art operates' (Levinson, 2002, p. 367). In philosophy, the historical and cultural context that demarcates something as a work of art is often termed 'the artworld'. Introduced by Danto (1964; 1974), the concept of artworld refers to a constellation of opinions and theories relative to a historical and cultural background that guide our understanding of artistic artefacts. In Danto's terms: '[t]o see something as art requires something the eye cannot decry — an atmosphere of artistic theory, a knowledge of the history of art: an artworld' (Danto, 1964, p. 580). The artworld is that context which endows the artist and the public with the conceptual resources to propose and recognize something as art. By contrast, the psychological approach to art aims to analyze the mind and brain processes involved in the production and appreciation of artworks. I will take this focus on mental happenings as a defining characteristic of the very varied theories that can be associated with the psychological approach. An early incarnation of this view includes works by psychologists who have investigated how knowledge about physiological and psychological mechanisms may contribute to aesthetics. Contributions in this tradition are, namely, works by Hermann von Helmholtz (1895 [1863]) for his investigation of the sensation of tone, Gustav Fechner (1876) for his principles of aesthetics, Edward Bullough (1912; 1957) for his analysis of 'psychical distance'as factor in aesthetic experience and F.C. Bartlett (1958) for his attempt to capture the formal properties of the artist's thinking. The early psychological approach also includes numerous studies in the phenomenology of aesthetic experience by philosophers such as John Dewey (1934; 1950), Curt Ducasse (1938; 1943; 1947), and Monroe Beardsley (1969; 1981 [1958]). They relied mainly on introspective evidence. Beardsley, for instance, believed that useful generalizations about experience could be obtained by acute introspection and argued that aesthetic experience is characterized by universal psychological traits. He analyzed it as an experience 'in which attention is firmly fixed upon heterogeneous but interrelated components of a phenomenally objective field — visual or auditory patterns, or the THE PSYCHO-HISTORICAL THEORY OF ARTWORKS 87 Copyright (c) Imprint Academic 2005 For personal use only -not for reproduction characters and events in literature' (Beardsley, 1981 [1958], p. 527). (Cf. Beardsley (1969, p. 5)). A more recent branch draws on findings from experimental cognitive psychology and cognitive neuroscience to study aesthetic experience, creativity and the perception or production of artworks. From a neurobiological standpoint, Semir Zeki and his collaborators (e.g., Zeki, 1998; Zeki & Lamb, 1994) propose that certain forms of activity in functionally specialized brain areas are necessary conditions of the appreciation of visual art. For instance, Zeki & Lamb (1994) argue that all visual art must obey the laws of the visual system (i.e., the assembling role of the visual cortex, functional specialization of the visual cortex and primacy of the attributes processed by specialized systems). They hold that motion is an autonomous visual attribute, which is the specific attribute that kinetic art probes and uses. Similarly, Ramachandran and Hirstein (1999) propose eight laws of artistic experience, which are 'a set of heuristics that artists either consciously or unconsciously deploy to optimally titillate the visual areas of the brain' (Ramachandran & Hirstein, 1999, p. 15). These laws of artistic experience hypothesize that a few basic psychobiological processes such as learning, grouping and heightened activity in a single dimension are necessary conditions of aesthetic experience. The works of Zeki, Ramachandran and their colleagues are clearly representative of the psychological approach because they study such psychobiological mechanisms independently of their deployment in particular historical contexts. Furthermore, their enterprise is based on the assumption that universal rules or laws of aesthetics (Tyler, 1999) can be identified in a way analogous to the way the Chomskian linguistics (see, e.g., Chomsky, 2000; Hauser et al., 2002) has identified universal rules for the faculty of language. Along with the works conducted by psychologists on art (Arnheim, 1974 [1956]; Gibson, 1979; Ramachandran & Hirstein, 1999; Solso, 2003), an increasing number of interdisciplinary scholars acknowledge the relevance of understanding psychological mechanisms to addressing problems in aesthetics. For instance, art historians such as E.H. Gombrich (1960; 1964) and David Freedberg (Freedberg & Gallese, 2007) take into account research on psychological mechanisms in their works on the experience of artworks. Similarly, in philosophy, Dominic Lopes (1996) argues that the psychological study of mechanisms of object recognition is relevant for the explanation of the perception


We report the extent of textbook use by 39 middle school mathematics teachers in six states, 16 utilizing standards-based (NSF-funded) curricula and 23 using publisher-generated curricula. Results indicate that both sets of teachers placed significantly higher emphasis on Number & Operation, often at the expense of other contend strands. Location of topics within a textbook represented an over-simplistic explanation of what mathematics gets taught or omitted. Most teachers using an NSF-funded curriculum taught content intended for students in a different (lower) grade, and both sets of teachers supplemented with skill-building worksheets. Implications for documenting teachers' "fidelity of implementation" are offered. Background One of the truisms of teaching in the United States is the autonomy provided to teachers in making decisions for the benefit of their students. US teachers decide the extent to which they utilize curricular materials in planning and implementing mathematics instruction. Numerous studies document teachers' heavy reliance on the mathematics textbooks in what content to teach and when to teach it (Grouws, Smith & Sztajn, 2004; Robitaille & Travers, 1992). Moreover, for many teachers the textbook provides the scope of mathematical topics that students have an opportunity to learn as the content in the book typically determines what mathematical topics will be selected when planning and delivering lessons (Floden, 2002). Given the strong relationship between curricular materials and students' opportunities to learn, there is a need to examine the extent of textbook use by mathematics teachers. In this paper we report findings on extent of textbook use by middle school teachers in implementing mathematics instruction. Methodology


It is common to be found in an ESP class where the students are not fully engaged in the learning activities due to their lack of interests toward English. To attract the ESP students' interests, authentic materials and meaningful activities need to be provided. Online learning can bring authentic materials to ESP students and give them meaningful activities as they can interact with native speakers of English through many online platforms. To fit the students' online learning situations to their learning experiences, as well as the materials and activities to be given, a needs analysis should be carried out. The study focuses on discovering the ESP students' preparedness in performing an online English conversation course by conducting a needs analysis. Questionnaires were given to 82 students and an interview was performed with 17 students to gain the data. The data collected in the form of percentages were analyzed by describing them qualitatively. From the analysis, it can be concluded that the ESP students were prepared to join the online English conversation course.


Permanently reinvested earnings in foreign subsidiaries and cash balances held outside the United States have increased dramatically in the technology sector over the past five years. These values, as well as related unrecognized deferred tax liabilities, are significant to investors, regulators and others. We examine disclosures of the largest technology firms over the 2007 to 2013 period and find that, as a group, the firms have increased the information provided but by fiscal 2013 only four of the ten firms disclosed both foreign held cash and an estimate of the unrecognized deferred tax liability related to permanently reinvested earnings.


Some notes are provided on the conservation, biology and distribution of the rare Australian plant Lissanthe sapida R.Br. (Epacridaceae). It is recommended that research should be undertaken to determine the size of all extant populations and to list the species as Vulnerable on Schedule 2 of the New South Wales Threatened Species Conservation Act (1995).


"I AM A SCIENTIST:" HOW SETTING CONDITIONS THAT ENHANCE FOCUSED CONCENTRATION POSITIVELY RELATE TO STUDENT MOTIVATION AND ACHIEVEMENT OUTCOMES IN INQUIRY-BASED SCIENCE. by Robin Ellwood University of New Hampshire, September, 2013 This research investigated how student social interactions within two approaches to an inquiry-based science curriculum could be related to student motivation and achievement outcomes. This qualitative case study consisted of two cases, Off-Campus and On-Campus, and used ethnographic techniques of participant observation. Research participants included eight eighth grade girls, aged thirteen to fourteen years old. Data sources included formal and informal participant interviews, participant journal reflections, curriculum artifacts including quizzes, worksheets, and student-generated research posters, digital video and audio recordings, photographs, and researcher field notes. Data were transcribed verbatim and coded, then collapsed into emergent themes using NVIVO 9. The results of this research illustrate how setting conditions that promote focused


email@example.com Abstract This paper studies the optimal linear estimation problem for systems with multiple packet dropouts and multiplicative noises. When the current measurement is lost, the popular zero-input compensation mechanism is used for compensation. Based on the zero-input compensator, the optimal linear estimators including filter, predictor and smoother in the linear minimum variance sense are given by innovation analysis approach. The proposed estimators can reduce the computational cost compared to the existing augmented estimators based on the hold-input mechanism. The performances of the two kinds of estimators are compared in terms of two simulation examples. The conclusion is that neither of the two compensation mechanisms can be claimed to be superior to the


To determine if mature coronary collateral vascular smooth muscle contains functioning alpha-adrenergic receptors, we studied 13 dogs, 6-10 months after circumflex ameroid occlusion. Regional myocardial blood flow was measured with radioactive microspheres in a blood-perfused heart preparation at constant aortic pressure (80 mm Hg). Normal zone resistance was calculated as aortic pressure divided by normal zone flow, and transcollateral resistance was calculated as aortic pressure minus circumflex pressure distal to the ameroid constrictor divided by coronary collateral flow. Flow and resistance were measured during adenosine vasodilation before and during graded doses of a constant infusion of the alpha-adrenergic agonist methoxamine (n = 6) or the alpha 2-adrenergic agonist clonidine (n = 7). In the hearts that received methoxamine, normal zone resistance increased from a control of 0.29 +/- 0.06 to 0.39 +/- 0.06 mm Hg X min/ml per 100 g (resistance units) during infusion of 10(-5)M methoxamine (p less ...


In June 1958, Guy Debord, Gil Wolman, Michele Bernstein, and other founding members of the Situationist International (SI) published the first issue of internationale situationniste (IS). There, interspersed among essays on police brutality, functionalist architecture, and industrialization essays all invested with a clear sense of import and urgency are found photographs of sexy, flirtatious women. One stands underneath a shower, smiling as water trickles down her neck, while another wears nothing but a man's trench coat, an erotic accouterment through which she exposes a thigh and a tantalizing glimpse of decolletage. What are sexually charged images such as these doing in a periodical whose twelve issues published some of the most incisive critiques of alienation, capitalism, and spectacle along with astute analyses of current events like the Franco-Algerian War and the Watts Riots to appear after World War II? Readymade photographs of nude and semi-nude women are one of the leitmotifs of Situationist visual production. They embellish everything, from its collages and artist books to its films and publications. Nevertheless, these images have received only cursory attention from historians, and in the opinion of those who have addressed them, they constitute little more than a gratuitous sidebar to the group's more lofty, less compromised pursuits. Susan Suleiman's view, expressed in a footnote to her 1990 book Subversive Intent, typifies the scholarly response to date. "The Situationists appear to have been more of a 'men's club' than the Surrealists," Suleiman writes. When they weren't ignoring women, they were treating them as "sex objects in the most banal


This study evaluates how personal attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control can influence an individual's intentions to become an entrepreneur based on planned behaviour and individual innovative cognitive style framework. A sample of 246 students was surveyed in the Sultan Qaboos University (164 females & 82 males). Three models were constructed in which the variables were hierarchically presented into the regression equations. Firstly, the theory of planned behaviour model comprises only those variables stated by the theory. Secondly, the innovative cognitive style model comprised those extracted as the innovativeness style measurements. The third model combined those variables specified the and variables of the. The obtained results suggest a positive link between personal attitudes, subjective norms, individual behaviour control and entrepreneurial intentions, and the innovative cognitive style and entrepreneurial intentions, consequently supporting this research hypothesis.


Lacking of planning implementation guarantee mechanism is an important reason for the bad result of regional urban system plan's implementation. This paper founds the framework of planning implementation guarantee mechanism for regional urban system plan for China on three aspects:to make clear who implements the plan,to select which reasonable method we will use and to build up an implementation evaluation.


This paper investigates Arundhati Roy's orthographic and typographic abrogation and appropriation of English in The God of Small Things. During the colonial era, colonizers' language has gained currency in the colonized lands by overshadowing all the native varieties. However, the writers of the postcolonial countries have challenged this hegemonic power of colonial language and subverted it into their own context in order to make it compatible with their own socio-cultural realities. Consequently, English has lost its colonial status and developed into a number of postcolonial varieties which are quite apart from the Queen's language. This research paper aims to analyze Roy's abrogation and appropriation of orthographic and typographic structure of English in the linguistic context of India in The God of Small Things.


Debris from deciduous trees in the form of park green waste was investigated as a potential biosorbent for the removal of chlorinated solvents from water. The sorption properties of beech leaves and cupules, oak leaves and acorns, birch leaves and lime leaves (all tree species common for a moderate climate) in a non-modified form were investigated with regard to the removal of perchloroethylene, 1,1,2-trichloroethane and 1,1,1,2-tetrachlorothane. The preliminary results showed that these biosorbents are characterized by very similar sorption properties as well as the surface area and elemental composition. Therefore the sorption capacities and rate constants were determined in the mixture of debris sampled from park green waste. The values of sorption capacity and partitioning coefficient of biosorbent mixture varied from 22.4 to 70 μg g-1, and from 28 to 173 L kg-1 respectively. The pseudo-first order reaction kinetics model was fitted to the experimental data, yielding rate constants in the range 0.0187-0.0223 min-1. Due to the lowest polarity, perchloroethylene was a sorbate with the highest affinity for sorbent surface. The results show that chlorinated solvents can be sorbed on park green waste. Although park green waste displays weak sorption capacity, it might be still an attractive sorbent due to good availability and low cost.


and Summary

The aim of this work was to investigate the relationship between shoal size and vigilance. The behaviour of minnows (Phoxinus phoxinus) foraging on an artificial food patch during the simulated stalking approach of a model predator (pike: Esox lucius) was recorded for shoals of 20, 12, 6 and 3 fish. Minnows in large shoals reduced their foraging sooner but remained feeding on the patch longer than in small shoals. The relatively late reaction of small shoals to the model and the rapid cessation of feeding once the predator was detected, indicates that small shoals were less vigilant than large shoals. The gradual reduction of foraging in large shoals was accompanied by an increasing number of investigative approaches in which individuals monitored the model's approach. This enabled minnows in larger shoals to balance more efficiently the conflicting demands of feeding and watching for predators.


This study aims to analyze the Anthropometric and Biomotor Factors that Determine the Ability of Field Tennis Service on Achievement Development Students of FKOR UNS Surakarta. The method used in this study is a quantitative research approach using a confirmatory factor analysis design. Data were processed and analyzed using SPSS software version 22 and factor analysis using the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin and Bartlett's Test. The population in this study were the 25 students of FKOR UNS tennis achievement coaching students. The sampling technique in this study used a total sampling technique. Data collection techniques using tests and measurements. Anthropometric factors that determine the ability to serve in tennis are weight with a value of 0.695, height with a value of 0.661 and arm length with a value of 0.628. The biomotor factors that determine the ability to serve in tennis are arm muscle power with a value of 0.863 and eye-hand coordination with a value of 0.653. Based on the results of the second analysis, it was found that the five variables had communalities values > 0.5. So it can be concluded that the greater the value of the communalities of these factors will provide benefits to students in coaching tennis achievements in serving tennis.Keywords: Anthropometry, Biomotor, Service Ability, Tennis


We prove the theoretical convergence of a short-step, approximate
path-following, interior-point primal-dual algorithm for
semidefinite programs based on the Gauss-Newton direction
obtained from minimizing the norm of the perturbed optimality
conditions. This is the first proof of convergence for the
Gauss-Newton direction in this context. It assumes strict
complementarity and uniqueness of the optimal solution as well as
an estimate of the smallest singular value of the Jacobian.


S Dry matter accumulation, nitrogen content and N2 fixa- tion rates of soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr. cv. Wye) plants grown in chambers in which the aerial portion was exposed to a pO2 of 5, 10, 21, or 30% and a pCO2 of 300 Il C02/1 or a p0 of 21% and a pCO2 of 1200 p,l C02/1 during the complete growth cycle were measured. Total N2[C2H2] fixed was increased by CO2/02 ratios greater than those in air and was decreased by ratios smaller than those in air; the effects on N2 fixation of decreased pO2 or elevated pCO2 were quanti-tatively similar during the period of vegetative growth. Decreased pO2 produced a smaller increase then elevated pCO, during the reproductive period, presumably because of the decreased sink activity of the arrested reproductive growth under subambient pO2 . At a pO of 5% and a pCO of 300 ,l C02/l total N2 fixed was increased 125% and per cent nitrogen content in the vegetative parts was increased relative to air while that in the seed was decreased. Dry matter production was increased and reproductive growth was arrested as previously reported for plants receiving only fertilizer nitrogen. At a pO2 of 30% and a pC02 of 300 JI C02/1 total N2 fixed was decreased 50% and per cent nitro- gen content in the vegetative part was increased relative to air while that in the reproductive structures was unaf- fected. Dry matter production was similarly decreased in both vegetative and reproductive structures. These effects of altered pO2 in the aerial part on N2 fixation are consistent with


A number of methods have been employed for the treatment of landfill leachate. In the present study attempts have been made to treat landfill leachate in a sewage treatment plant so that existing sewage treatment plants can be utilized for leachate treatment. A submerged aerobic fixed film reactor was employed for the study. The reactor consists of two compartments: the top one containing PVC media for the growth of biomass while the lower portion contains microorganisms under suspension. Diffused aeration was provided in the lower portion. The reactor was seeded with the digested sewage sludge obtained from Okhla sewage treatment plant, Delhi. A constant HRT of 24 hours was maintained throughout the reactor. Initially the reactor was fed with sewage and was operated for 30 days till steady state conditions were achieved, the COD removal efficiency being 90%. Thereafter leachate was introduced with the sewage at dilutions of 3%, 5% and 8%. With the addition of 3% leachate the COD removal efficiency decreased to 75%. Further leachate addition at 5% dilution shows a decrease in COD removal efficiency to an average of 67% and finally a higher dilution of 8% shows a COD removal efficiency of 49%. During the entire study the suspended solids removal was 100 %. The BOD removal efficiency was almost similar to that of COD removal efficiency.


Y2O3 doped SrZrO3(SZY) powders were prepared according to a solid-state reaction method, which the raw materials contains SrCO3, ZrO2 and doped with 5 mol% Y2O3. And then the powders were used to make a green crucible shape by cold isostatic pressing. After that, the crucible was used to melt with TiNi alloy in the vacuum induction furnace with biscuit firing temperature of 900°C, and sintering temperature of 1750°C. The x-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were used to analysis the characterization of the Y2O3 doped SrZrO3 power; microstructure of the crucible at different holding time under the 1750°C and the interfacial reaction between the crucible and the TiNi alloy. The results showed that the powders of Y2O3 doped SrZrO3 were synthesized at 1200°C, and there was no obvious reaction layer and elements diffusion between the crucible and TiNi alloy. The ingot is easy to separate from the crucible after smelting.


The invention provides methods and compositions comprising a NMDA receptor antagonist once a monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor GADPH inhibitor for the treatment dementia-related conditions, such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease.


Our future society is now inevitably facing fantastic changes and reforms in economy,the relations of production social structure and relations,which will unavoidably demand a corresponding further reform in our education system.The institutions of higher learning are thus urgently required to adjust their goals and targets of education,open to the society and cultivate faculty teams of higher quality,The ideal faculty for the 21st century are expected to have the following necessary qualities;High ethics and normal spirits,skilled teaching techniques,Well-commanded expertise and the prospects to be an ideal teacher.


We consider stochastic games wherein players are striving to make optimal decisions but their decisions are subject to mistakes or random shocks. We assume that the players make decisions in the direction of higher payoffs and yet they are in a uncertain environment. The dynamics of this kind of evolutionary games can be described by stochastic differential equations, which are solved and the payoffs are calculated using a Monte Carlo simulation. Then, sensitivities are evaluated so as to assess the impact of changes in decisions. Numerical results have shown that noisy environments can lead to important payoff variations and higher payoff sensitivities with respect to a player's decisions. We also discussed equilibrium concepts that may result from the players' abilities to learn from mistakes and adopt successful strategies.


We designed, built, and tested a microprocessor-controlled turbidostat that maintains phytopSankton cells at nearly constant biomass concentrations without nutrient limitation of growth rates. There are fundamental limits placed on the achievable degree of constancy by physiological changes in the organisms being cultured. The sensor responds nearly linearly over a wide range of cell densities, extending well into high pigment concentrations (approx. 20 mg Chl a/m3). The microprocessor-based controller eliminates the need for time-consuming and delicate set-up and modification of operational variables and provides for simple implementation of virtually any logical feedback algorithm to control cell concentration. Although the result was not unexpected, we have shown that growth rates measured in the turbidostat are equivalent to corresponding measurements in a batch culture growing under identical conditions, until such time as the populations develop differing physiological and physical properties due to...


Acupuncture point combination is one of key factors in producing a clinical therapeutic effect of acupuncture and moxibustion. In recent years, more and more attention was paid to studies on regularities in acupoint combination and the synergistic effect of acupoints. The article explores the concept of the synergistic effect of acupoints, acupoint combinations used often in ancient times, and the clinical application and modern studies of acupoint combination. In combination with the authors' related studies, it proposes the thinking and prospects of the future study of the synergistic effect of acupoints to further reveal the synergistic effect of acupoints and regularities in acupoint combination, guide clinical acupoint combination and improve the clinical therapeutic effect of acupuncture and moxibustion.


Sugar is an important commodity in agriculture and is one of the basic needs of society. Because it is a basic necessity, the production of sugar must be maximized so that the needs of the community are met. In producing sugar there are several variables that need to be considered include the area of land, yield, the amount of sugarcane, crystal, and other petrified materials. Systems with the application of fuzzy logic can be one solution to help determine sugar production. The first step to predict the production of sugar by Mamdani method is to determine the input variables and output variables that are set firmly. Then change the input variable to fuzzy set with fuzzification process. In the case study discussed in this thesis defuzyfication process using Centroid method is the method of fuzzy affirmation where in the withdrawal of the solution obtained by taking the fuzzy regional center point. The accuracy of result from case studies have been done, it can be seen that prediction of built sistem have accuracy 85.9% with result of sistem calculation by using matlab application. Furthermore, the results of sugar production prediction can be used as an illustration to determine the production of sugar.


When three or more of SVC equipment of 200 MW wind power station in Jiuquan is running at the same time in a 330 kV booster station,in order to distribute the output of reactive power of each device rationally,coordinated control of multiple SVC equipment must be studied.This paper cite the 330 kV booster station in the east of Gan Hekou of Jiuquan as a example,study on the control principle of reactive power compensation voltage,the control strategy of total control voltage mode and the distribution principle of reactive,forming a complete coordination and control system.The operation of reactive power voltage in the 330 kV booster station in the east of Gan Hekou achieved a good regulatory effect.


The effect of Nd3+ co-doping as sensitizer and deactivator to the Er3+ ion for enhancing ~2.7 μm emissions under 808nm LD pump was first studied in the Er/Nd co-doped PbF2 crystal. The Er0.01Nd0.02Pb0.97F2 crystal has been successfully grown by the Bridgman method, and the crystals' fluorescence emission properties and energy transfer mechanisms of series crystals were investigated. It can be seen that through the Nd3+ ion, the lower energy level of Er3+: 4I13/2 has been depopulated, and the upper energy level of Er3+: 4I11/2 has been populated at the same time. Simultaneously, the energy transfer efficiency from the Er3+: 4I13/2 level to the Nd3+: 4I15/2 level is 84.06%, and from the Nd3+: 4F3/2 level to the Er3+: 4I11/2 level is 55.81%, respectively, which indicate that the Nd3+ ion is an effective deactivator and sensitizer ion for enhancing the ~2.7 μm emission in Er/Nd: PbF2 crystal. These advantages suggest that the Er/Nd: PbF2 crystal may be a potential material for ~2.7 μm mid-infrared lasers under the 808 nm LD pump.


From the past few years, the demand for higher data rates has become increasingly important. Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has emerged as a candidate multiple access technique to meet this overwhelming demand of data traffic in fifth generation (5G) of wireless networks. In this thesis, we investigates a new spectrum sharing strategy using NOMA. The proposed scheme, successive bandwidth division (SBD)-NOMA, is a hybrid approach exploiting characteristics of both the conventional NOMA system and the orthogonal multiple access (OMA) system. The performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated with a constant power allocation coefficients using a criteria of sum capacity, outage capacity and energy efficiency. Power allocation is being performed in SBD-NOMA to maximize the sum rate using a divide-and-allocate approach such that all users are allocated with an optimal transmission power. The performance comparison of this scheme is made with conventional NOMA scheme and other existing power allocation schemes. Under Rayleigh fading, the probability density function (PDF) of the received signal-to-interference plus noise ratio (SINR) is derived and closed-form expressions for the outage probability are presented when channel state information (CSI) is available at the base station (BS). The performance is evaluated in terms of receiver complexity, average sum rate and outage probability. Simulations results are provided to access and


Microfinance institutions (MFIs) work towards financial inclusion, livelihood sustainability through micro-enterprises and social development to empower the marginalized sections of communities across the globe. This paper is a modest effort to understand the unique role of MFIs in social development especially in Indian context. Although providing financial services is the primary goal of MFIs, these small institutions have tried to make a big difference in the lives of the poor by various interventions revolving around social development of marginalized sections. MFIs in India have been involved in capacity building, financial literacy, livelihood promotion, preventive healthcare, education and training, water and sanitation, etc. The paper provides a comprehensive review of some of the interventions triggered by MFIs in India so as to empower the people living on the fringes without any hope of redemption. Besides, the paper also emphasises the need for providing financial incentives to the MFIs engaged in social development of the poor by the state agencies as well as large banks which are supporting these institutions. Financial inclusion alone cannot empower the poor. It is important that the MFIs expand their social development interventions in terms of reach, quality, and overall impact on the people who are living on the margins.


Purification of combined fractions 23-30obtained   from column chromatography of methanol extract of Combretum glutinosum Perr.ex.Dc stem bark was carried out using preparative thin layer chromatography with ethylacetate as developing solvent. This led to the isolation of four components C-1, C-2, C-3and C-4 (R F =0.817, 0.412, 0.147 and 0.088 respectively, three(C-1, C-2 and C-4)  of which afforded a better yield and were further investigated using IR, GC/MS and were tested for antimicrobial activity. A pentacyclic triterpenoid of the type friedelan-3-one was identified as the major constituent hereby reported in C. glutinosum for the first time. Other compounds identified were stigmast-4-en-3-one, lupan-3-one and lupeol. The later though present in a lesser quantity  manifested a greater antimicrobial potency. The isolated components (C-1,C-2 and C-4) exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against Klebsiellae pneumoniae with MIC of 1.625x10 3  µg/ml, 3.0x10 3 µg/ml,  3.25x10 3 µg/ml  respectively; and were resisted by Corynebacterium ulcerans, Escherichia coli and Neisseria gonorrhea. The antimicrobial property observed may be attributed to the identified triterpenoids in the isolated components. Further spectroscopic analyses using 1 Hnmr and 13 Cnmr is however required to confirm the structure of these active principles.  Keywords : Combretum glutinosum Perr.ex. DC; GC/MS, pentacyclic triterpenoid, antimicrobial activity


The particle Gibbs sampler is a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm which operates on the extended space of the auxiliary variables generated by an interacting particle system. In particular, it samples the discrete variables that determine the particle genealogy. We propose a coupling construction between two particle Gibbs updates from different starting points, which is such that the coupling probability may be made arbitrary large by taking the particle system large enough. A direct consequence of this result is the uniform ergodicity of the Particle Gibbs Markov kernel. We discuss several algorithmic variations of Particle Gibbs, either proposed in the literature or original. For some of these variants we are able to prove that they dominate the original algorithm in asymptotic efficiency as measured by the variance of the central limit theorem's limiting distribution. A detailed numerical study is provided to demonstrate the efficacy of Particle Gibbs and the proposed variants


The invention relates to branched polymers, substantially non-antigenic. Conjugates prepared from these polymers and biologically active molecules such as proteins and peptides have a long life in circulation in vivo. relatively few regions are used in biologically active material as fixation regions. The invention also relates to methods of forming polymer, polymer conjugation with biologically active fractions and methods of using such conjugates.


Abalone is one type of shellfish that has high economic value. This study aimed to assess market structure of abalone. The study was carried out in Bajo Bahari Village in Buton District, and Bau-Bau Municipality. Respondents consisted of 30 abalone catchers in the village, and three village abalone collectors (VACs) and two inter-island abalone traders (IATs) selected using snowball sampling method. Data were collected first in February 2015 and in May 2020 during Covid-19 pandemic. Data were analyzed qualitatively. Market structure was identified through assessment of the nature of competition based on the number of buyers and sellers, product differentiation, and entry and exit barriers. Study results showed that market structure exhibits oligopsony, in which the number of producers are more than that of village collectors, product differentiation is absent, and there exist some barriers to entry for village collectors. During Covid-19 pandemic, fishermen stop catching wild abalone, so there are still no more products to be marketed.


The invention provides an application of gamma-aminobutyric acid in preparation of a gastric mucosa protective agent. Animal experiments indicate that the gamma-aminobutyric acid has strong prevention and treatment effects on gastric mucosal damage, and observation of general and pathological tissue change of gastric mucosa tissue shows that the gamma-aminobutyric acid can remarkably improve the condition of the gastric mucosal damage and reduce a damage index. A related biochemical index measurement result shows that the gamma-aminobutyric acid can remarkably improve activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase in gastric tissue and reduce content of malondialdehyde. The gamma-aminobutyric acid can be directly applied to prevention and treatment of related diseases and preparation of related drugs or health food.


Introduction: Intergenerational activities have the potential to promote social participation and promote seniors' health. Although a few literature reviews have been conducted in this domain, further efforts are warranted considering some weaknesses noted in these reviews. Moreover, no literature review has considered until now an occupational perspective for analysis.
Objective: Synthesize the results of studies examining the effects of intergenerational activities on the health of community-dwelling seniors, by filling the actual gap in the scientific literature.
Methods: A scoping review was conducted using the best practice guidelines in this matter. Several search strategies were used, including the interrogation of five bibliographic databases. The Do Live Well model was used to analyse the underlying occupational dimensions.
Results: Among the 49 papers selected for analysis, 44 support the positive impact of intergenerational activities on the health and well-being of seniors, particularly in terms of psychological well-being. In addition, seven of the eight dimensions of the conceptual model emerged as being related to seniors' participation in intergenerational activities.
Conclusion: This scoping review supports the benefits of intergenerational activities on the health and well-being of community-dwelling seniors. Therefore, occupational therapists must promote these activities among organizations involved in providing seniors' services, as they enable seniors to create meaningful relationships with others and contribute to their community.


Two modifications of flameless burners with a carbon porous media in the combustion area were investigated. Kerosene TS-1 and mixtures of highly flammable liquids wastes (HIL) were used as fuel. Experimental data are presented in a graphical form as plot of the burner thermal capacity. Results show capacity for of the developed devices and prove the prospects of disposal of liquid combustible wastes using flameless burners with porous carbon matrix.


Purpose: To report the atypical presentations of visceral leishmaniasis in endemic areas. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study we constructed a case series, of 9 patients presenting with atypical clinical features of visceral leishmaniasis in Bihar state of India; an endemic zone for this disease. Additionally, we have reviewed the literature of atypical presentations of this disease in brief. Results: Two patients presented with portal hypertension. Five patients had no evidence of splenomegaly of which one case was associated with eventeration of diaphragm on ultrasonography. One patient presented with gastrointestinal symptom in which endoscopic biopsy detected Leishman Donovan bodies on histopathological examination. A case of infant (5 months age) with visceral leishmaniasis has been also included in this case series. All the cases responded and were cured with intravenous liposomal amphotericin B treatment. Conclusion: Diagnosing visceral leishmaniasis can be difficult due to some atypical presentations. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment leads to cure of the condition.


Abstract : The theory of optimal search, as usually presented, treats the development of a search effort allocation over a space X which is optimal in some sense, given an underlying target position distribution. In other words, when the location of a target is not precisely known and when the detection characteristics of the search mechanism are well-defined, one can prescribe a search effort function of both space and time to achieve a practical MOE (measure of effectiveness). The best measure of effectiveness is usually considered to be the probability of detection, or target acquisition, under a time budget constraint. Optimal search theory, surprisingly, usually does not embrace in a rigorous, methodical fashion the generation of vehicle path processes which reproduce, to some level of approximation, the optimal allocation of effort. Rather, more often than not, heuristic search mechanism, such as parallel sweeping or radial tracking, are designed to replicate the effort distribution. The purpose of the report is primarily to examine, from first principles, the underlying variational problems and to obtain, if possible, the best solutions satisfying reasonable cost criteria. We show that it is possible to generate sensible paths when one knows that the target is stationary. Also, those conditions under which the best solution can be approximated by a logarithmic spiral are presented. Finally, in the case of a moving target, we present a stochastic vehicle search pattern, whose expected path, for example, could be followed by a search vehicle.


The Journal of Physical Chemistry is published by the American Chemical Society. 1155 Sixteenth Street N.W., Washington, DC 20036 Stratification in a Thin-Layered Excitable Reaction-Diffusion System with Transverse Concentration Gradients Anatol M. Zhabotinsky, Laszlo Gyorgyi, Milos Dolnik, and Irving R. Epstein J. Phys. Chem., 1994, 98 (33), 7981-7990• DOI: 10.1021/j100084a011 • Publication Date (Web): 01 May 2002 Downloaded from http://pubs.acs.org on March 31, 2009


Congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis (CIPA; MIM 256800), also known as hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type IV, is a rare autosomal recessive disorder associated with consanguinity (Axelrod et al, 1984; Axelrod, 1996) and is characterized by the absence of pain and temperature sensation and the lack of sweating. CIPA patients are generally children; they have recurrent episodes of unexplained fever, self-mutilation behavior, and occasionally mental retardation (Rosemberg et al, 1994). CIPA is the consequence of a genetic defect in the differentiation and migration of neural crest elements involved in nociceptive reception as well as in thermal regulation. Recently, mutations of the NTRK1 gene have been implicated in the pathogenesis of this disease. So far 37 mutations of NTRK1 have been detected in patients from different ethnic groups by several laboratories, including ours. Mutation types include frameshift, non-sense, splice site, and mis-sense (Indo, 2001). The NTRK1 gene encodes one of the receptors of the nerve growth factor (NGF). NTRK1 protein is a tyrosine kinase receptor comprising an extracellular portion, involved in NGF binding, a single transmembrane region, a juxtamembrane domain, a tyrosine kinase domain, and a C-terminal tail. Most of CIPA mutations occur within the NTRK1 tyrosine kinase domain and a few within the extracellular domain. Recently, we analyzed the biologic effect of several NTRK1 germline mis-sense mutations and discovered at least three different pathogenic mechanisms responsible for the disease. Most of the mutations inactivate the NTRK1 receptor by completely abrogating its catalytic activity. The L213P mutation, in the extracellular domain, interferes with the receptor processing, causing its retention in the endoplasmic reticulum. The third mechanism, described for mutation D668Y, involves a reduction of the NTRK1 receptor activity, which is unlikely to be suf®cient for the proper neuronal differentiation (Greco et al, 1999, 2000; Miranda et al, 2002). Recently the M581V mutation, occurring within subdomain V (b5 strand) of the NTRK1 tyrosine kinase domain, has been detected in a large Japanese CIPA family. The three affected individuals were adults and displayed milder clinical symptoms compared with other CIPA patients, including normal temperature sensation and a relatively long survival. Two patients were homozygous for the M581V mutation, whereas the third one was a compound heterozygous with a combination of M581V mutation and C1726 deletion (Yotsumoto et al, 1999). We investigated the effect of the M581V mutation on NTRK1 receptor activity. The mutation was introduced into the NTRK1 cDNA subcloned into the pRC/CMV mammalian expression vector, which carries the G418-resistance gene as a selectable marker. The NTRK1/M581V and NTRK1/wt constructs were transiently transfected into COS1 cells. Transfected cells were treated with or without NGF (50 ng per ml) for 10 min or 16 h, and cell extracts were immunoprecipitated with the MGR12 antibodies, which are speci®c for the receptor extracellular portion. Western blot analysis with anti-TRK antibodies (reacting with the intracellular NTRK1 portion) showed that the NTRK1/M581V receptor produced the 110 and 140 kDa forms indicating its proper expression (Fig 1A, upper panel). After western blot analysis with anti-phosphotyrosine antibodies, we detected a basal autophosphorylation of the wild-type receptor (due to the high expression level), which increased after NGF treatment. With respect to the NTRK1/M581V mutant, no phosphorylation was observed in untreated cells. NGF treatment induced a weak phosphorylation, highly reduced with respect to wild type, at 10 min and 16 h (Fig 1A, lower panel). The low tyrosine phosphorylation level achieved by NTRK1/M581V mutant after a long NGF treatment suggests a defect in the intrinsic kinase activity, rather than in the autophosphorylation kinetics. To investigate whether a deregulated phosphatase activity might account for the reduced phosphoryl-


Sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) is known to demonstrate rhythmic activity that is synchronized with the respiratory and the cardiac cycles. These oscillations arise through integration of signals from lung inflation afferents, baroreceptor afferents, and respiratory neurons in the brainstem that influence presympathetic neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM). The hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) is a prominent regulatory center for sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) and PVN neurons have axon projections to the RVLM. Blockade of small conductance calcium-activated potassium (SK) channels in the PVN significantly increases splanchnic and renal SNA and dysfunction of SK channels contributes to the pathogenesis of hypertension. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of chronic AngII infusion on SNA firing patterns at rest and following PVN SK channel blockade with apamin. All experiments were performed in ventilated, anesthetized (urethane 800mg/kg & α-chloralose 80mg/kg) male Sprague-Dawley control (Ctrl; n=5) rats, or rats infused with AngII (150 ng·kg−1·min−1) for 2 weeks (n=4). Bilateral PVN microinjection of the SK channel blocker apamin (12.5pmol, 50μL) significantly (p<0.05) increased splanchnic SNA (Ctrl Δ253±61 vs. AngII Δ166±72%) and mean arterial pressure (MAP; CtrlΔ28.7±7.6 vs. AngII Δ34.5±3mmHg) to a similar extent from baseline in Ctrl and AngII rats whereas renal SNA (Ctrl Δ216±48 vs. AngII Δ97±22%; p<0.05) responses were significantly attenuated in AngII infused rats. Power spectral density was calculated on 5-minute segments of SNA during baseline, and during the maximum response to apamin. Data were normalized and expressed as a percentage of total power from 0-15Hz. Splanchnic and renal SNA spectral power in the 0-2Hz (low) frequency band was similar between Ctrl and AngII rats at baseline. PVN microinjection of apamin significantly (p<0.05) increased spectral power in the 0-2Hz frequency band similarly in both groups. In contrast, baseline spectral power in the 5-7Hz (cardiac) frequency band was significantly higher in AngII rats compared to control for both splanchnic (Ctrl 10.4±2.3 vs. AngII 26.8±2.8%; p<0.05) and renal (Ctrl 19.9±3.8 vs. AngII 35.3±1.5%; p<0.05) SNA. Interestingly, PVN microinjection of apamin significantly (p<0.05) attenuated spectral power in the 5-7Hz frequency band in the AngII group alone for splanchnic (Ctrl 9.3±2.8 vs. AngII 7.7±0.8%) and renal (Ctrl 12.3±4.7 vs. AngII 11.1±1.9%) SNA. In conclusion, cardiac-related spectral power was significantly greater in AngII rats at baseline compared to Ctrl likely reflecting increased input from baroreceptor afferents. PVN SK channel blockade shifts the SNA burst pattern in both Ctrl and AngII rats towards lower frequencies bursts known to have a greater influence on vascular tone. Funding: Michigan Technological University (Larson); NIH 1R15HL145655(Chen) This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.


This study aimed to identify the educational and technical standards for designing mobile learning applications. To achieve the research objective, the descriptive method was adopted to analyze and describe the previous literature in order to deduce standards. A list of standards was developed in a form of questionnaire in order to identify significance and relevance of standards. The tool was applied in an electronic form to a sample of (35) educational technology experts from the teaching staff members in Faculties of Education in Egypt. After the analysis of the results, a list of educational and technical standards for designing mobile learning applications was identified. These included (5) educational standards with a total of (43) indicators, and (5) technical standards with a total of (48) indicators. In light of these results, a number of recommendations were proposed.


The Santo Domingo Anticline (External Sierras, Southern Pyrenees), which separates the Jaca piggyback basin from the Ebro foreland basin, is a key structure of the Pyrenees. Its geometry has been interpreted both as a detachment fold and as a hangingwall anticline associated with an underlying thrust. In this paper, we present the results from a gravity survey and 2.5D gravity modelling carried out around the Santo Domingo Anticline. Density measurements indicate a sharp density contrast between the Triassic evaporites‐mudstones in the core of the anticline and the sedimentary sequence (limestones and sandstones) at its limbs. Gravity anomalies together with 2.5D gravity models allow to discern the along‐strike structural changes. From east to west, we document a change from the ramp‐associated fold to the detachment anticline. The capabilities and limitations of the gravimetric method for the determination of fold geometry are also discussed. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Background: Tracking various biomarkers in serum, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), and saliva has been introduced as a diagnostic tool for periodontal disease detection. Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare salivary lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in subjects with periodontal disease and levels in subjects without periodontal disease. Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, 170 patients at Hamadan faculty of Dentistry, including patients with periodontal disease and patients with normal periodontium, were selected and divided into test and control groups. Unstimulated saliva was collected in the same situation from the test and control groups. Each saliva sample was analyzed to measure salivary LDH level on the day of collection, by using commercially available kits according to the manufacturers' instructions. A statistical T-test was employed to evaluate significant differences among groups. Results: The mean LDH levels in the test and control groups were 1071.67 ± 731.004 and 550.91 ± 217.215, respectively. As the level of statistical significance was set at P < 0.05, data analysis showed a significant difference between the LDH enzymatic level in the test and control groups (P = 0.000). Comparison of the LDH enzymatic level in subjects with different genders in the test and control groups showed no significant differences (P = 0.340). Conclusions: Salivary LDH levels can be used as marker of periodontal disease for screening periodontitis in large populations.


Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) nephritis is characterized by marked lymphocytic infiltration within the renal interstitium. Increasing evidence supports a critical role of target autoantigens in the triggering of the autoimmune process. To test the hypothesis that SLE nephritis is initiated by the recognition of nephritogenic antigens activated by T cells utilizing distinct T cell receptor (TCR) Vβ genes, we analyzed intrarenal Vβ gene expression in renal tissue obtained from 6 pediatric patients with new onset SLE nephritis. Intrarenal TCR Vβ gene expression was determined by polymerase chain reaction employing 25 Vβ oligonucleotide 5′ primers paired with a single 3′ Cβ primer. Amplified Vβ gene products were identified by hybridization using an internal TCR Cβ probe and quantified using a phosphor-imager.


Innate immune responses following spinal cord injury (SCI) participate in early secondary pathogenesis and wound healing events. Here, we used time-resolved scRNAseq to map transcriptional profiles of SC tissue-resident and infiltrating myeloid cells post-SCI. Our work identifies a novel subpopulation of Fabp5+ inflammatory myeloid cells, comprising both resident and infiltrating cells and displaying a delayed cytotoxic profile at the lesion epicentre, which may serve as a target for future therapeutics.


Gerakan Sekolah Menyenangkan (GSM) i.e Enjoyable School Movement, actively participates in the creation of an adaptive educational culture with changing times. This research aims to analyze GSM management in Penguatan Pendidikan Karakter (PPK) i.e Character Building Affirmation in Buayan 1 Kebumen Elementary School. This is descriptive-qualitative research. The data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation. The results show that GSM management in Buayan 1 Kebumen Elementary School uses the following functions: 1) Planning with carefully in elaborating GSM principles by school resources; 2) Organizing, with the formation of work divisions explained in detail according to authority and duties; 3) Implementation through the establishment of a 'learning environment' which provides physical and emotional development space for students; 4) Supervision by analyzing strengths, weaknesses, supporting and inhibiting factors for future program improvement references. GSM has become the right program to be developed as a solution to the imbalance in the quality of education so far through grassroots transformation.


Uniform nanocellular structures are successfully formed within the spherical nanodomains of CO2-philic fluorinated blocks in Poly[styrene-block-4-(perfluorooctylpropyloxy)styrene] (PS−PFS) and Poly[styrene-block-perfluorooctylethyl methacrylate] (PS−PFMA) monoliths using supercritical (SC) carbon dioxide (CO2). The nanocells have a very small surface area, indicative of the closed cell structure. Temperature of depressurization (Td) is the key to the uniform nanocellular formation in the CO2-philic block nanodomains:  Td must be well below the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the skeleton PS domains in the presence of CO2. As Td is raised and approaches Tg, the nanocellular structure crosses over to the microcellular structure on the order of micrometers, which is the typical cell structure formed via the conventional foaming mechanism. Two independent cell formation mechanisms coexist when Td is in the vicinity of Tg. The nanocells have upper limit diameter of ca. 40 nm, which is apparently determine...


Examines the relationship between business process re‐engineering (BPR) and human resource management. A number of propositions relating to aspects of human resource management are derived from the literature, and examined by interviewing senior managers in UK organisations where business process re‐engineering projects had either been completed or were still in progress. The propositions are analysed under four major headings: structure and culture, the role of managers, team working, and reward system. The conclusion is that BPR principles on the management of human resources as stated in the literature seem to find a full application in most of the organisations investigated. However, there were two exceptions to the expectations in the literature. The first was that there would be a change to a process‐based structure; a change is seen in the majority of cases, but to a matrix style of organisation. The second was the implication that team‐based reward systems would appear; this has only happened in a minority of cases. Overall, for the organisations studied which have undergone BPR, a very clear pattern emerges with respect to human resource management practices.


This paper formulates a methodology to plan and control flat-terrain motions of an underactuated bipedal robot riding a snakeboard, which is a steerable variant of the skateboard. We use tools from non-holonomic motion planning to study snakeboard gaits and develop feedback control strategies that enable bipedal robots to produce the desired gaits while maintaining balance, regulating the magnitude and direction of the velocity of the snakeboard, achieving sharp turns, and avoiding obstacles.


This think piece is based on the significant and laudable role carried out by constitutional court judges at a national level; theirs is a rational, reflective, axiological and interpretative role, which allows for the reinforcement of constitutional orders and for a better delimitation of law principles, with justice as a starting point. The foregoing theory has been called nomocracy, which aims to have a system not only governed by laws passed by legislators, but also by a mandatory basis on the Law. As a corollary, the role of the judge is no longer that of applying the law, but rather that of creating and protecting it, as well as that of guaranteeing rights.


OBJECTIVE To further study the transport mechanism and distributive regulation of Ca 2+ in myocardium cells on the basis of morphology.METHODS To use 45 Ca 2+ as radioisotope and to take advantage of electron microscopic autoradiography combined with freeze replica to study the myocardium cells in mice.RESULTS The cristae of mitochondrias in normal group are complete;the mitochondrias in ischemia control group are swelling and the cristae are incomplete;the mitochondrias of adenosine triphosphate magnesium chloride (ATP MgCl 2) group are damaged slightly, however the cristae are relatively complete compared with ischemia control group.On the sections labelled with radioisotope in normal group, ischemia control group and ATP MgCl 2 group,the chrysanthemum like silver grains which mainly are distributed in endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrias can be observed ; and more silver grains found on the mitochondrias of ischemia control group.Few nuclear pores are distributed unevenly on the E surface and P surface of nuclear membrane,whereas abundant plasma membrane protien granules are well distributed in ATP MgCl 2 group.The chrysanthemum like silver grains can be found on the freeze replica of each group.During ischemia hypoxia,the membrane protein granules are decreased, indicating that glucoprotein receptors acting as Ca 2+ path are decreased,but the Ca 2+ in mitochondrias are increased, CONCLUSION The entry of Ca 2+ into cells is even more dependent on Na +/Ca 2+ exchange instead of Ca 2+ path.High energy phosphate improves the function of plasma membrane,prevented Ca 2+ from accumulating in mitochondrias.


The paper addresses a possible methodology to improve the seismic resistance of cultural heritage buildings (CHB). The ICOMOS recommendations are briefly reviewed and recent research issues are addressed, with a focus on: (a) Behavior of masonry components under cyclic loading (tension, compression and shear); (b) Behavior of stone masonry shear walls under cyclic and dynamic loading; (c) Behavior of dry masonry blocks and structures under dynamic loading; (d) Possibilities of numerical analysis at the laboratory and engineering levels; (e) Monastery of Jeronimos as a case study: An EC funded research project aiming at reducing seismic vulnerability of CHB. a number of challenges in conservation, diagnosis, analysis, monitoring and strengthening that limit the application of modern legal codes and building standards. Recommendations are desirable and necessary to both ensure rational methods of analysis and repair methods appropriate to the cultural context. Therefore, an international committee has prepared recommendations, intended to be useful to all those involved in conservation and restoration problems, Icomos (2001). These recommendations contain Principles, where the basic concepts of conservation are presented, and Guidelines, where the rules and methodology that a designer should follow are discussed. More comprehensive information on techniques and specific knowledge can be found, e.g. in Croci (1998), Giuffre (1993) and Meli (1998). 2.1 Principles and Guidelines The principles entail: General criteria; Research and diagnosis; and Remedial measures and controls. A multi-disciplinary approach is required and the peculiarity of heritage structures, with their complex history, requires the organization of studies and analysis in steps: condition survey, identification of the causes of damage and decay, choice of the remedial measures and control of the efficiency of the interventions. Understanding of the structural behavior and material characteristics is essential for any project related to architectural heritage. Diagnosis is based on historical information and qualitative and quantitative approaches. The qualitative approach is based on direct observation of the structural damage and material decay as well as historical and archaeological research, while the quantitative approach requires material and structural tests, monitoring and structural analysis. Often the application of the same safety levels used in the design of new buildings requires excessive, if not impossible, measures. In these cases other methods, appropriately justified, may allow different approaches to safety. Therapy should address root causes rather than symptoms. Each intervention should be in proportion to the safety objectives, keeping intervention to the minimum necessary to guarantee safety and durability and with the least damage to heritage values. The choice between "traditional" and "innovative" techniques should be determined on a case-by-case basis with preference given to those that are least invasive and most compatible with heritage values, consistent with the need for safety and durability. At times the difficulty of evaluating both the safety levels and the possible benefits of interventions may suggest "an observational method", i.e. an incremental approach, beginning with a minimum level of intervention, with the possible adoption of subsequent supplementary or corrective measures. The characteristics of materials used in restoration work (in particular new materials) and their compatibility with existing materials should be fully established. This must include long-term effects, so that undesirable side effects are avoided. 3 EXPERIMENTAL ISSUES Masonry is a heterogeneous material that consists of units and joints. Units are such as bricks, blocks, ashlars, adobes, irregular stones and others. Mortar can be clay, bitumen, chalk, lime/cement based mortar, glue or other. The huge number of possible combinations generated by the geometry, nature and arrangement of units as well as the characteristics of mortars raises doubts about the accuracy of the term "masonry". Nevertheless, most of the advanced experimental research carried out in the last decades has concentrated in brick / block masonry and its relevance for design. Accurate modeling requires a thorough experimental description of the material, see Lourenco (1998) and Cur (1997). 3.1 Properties of unit and mortar The properties of masonry are strongly dependent upon the properties of its constituents. Compressive strength tests are easy to perform and give a good indication of the general quality of the materials used. Experiments about the uniaxial post-peak behavior and about the biaxial behavior of bricks and blocks are less common in the literature, together with tests on cyclic behavior. Next, some results for clay bricks under uniaxial compression are briefly reviewed (Oliveira 2002). A series of unloading-reloading cycles were performed in clay specimens, particularly in the post-peak region, to acquire data about stiffness degradation and energy dissipation. The experimental set-up, testing conditions and typical stress-strain diagrams are illustrated in Figure 2. The need for circumferential displacement control is stressed, and the results shown are rather difficult to obtain due to very high strength and brittleness of the units used in the testing program. The response indicates an important and monotonic decrease in Young's modulus in the post-peak regime, associated with damage growth in the material.


The analytical difficulties encountered in attempts to study the nitrogen metabolism of plants during the course of their growing and fruiting periods give rise to results from which it is hard to draw signficant conclusions concerning that metabolism. Chief among these is the inability of the analyst to separate and identify the various constituents which occur in the plant at the time of harvest without irreversibly altering the chemical nature of many of them before they can be determined. The lability of many compounds concerned in plant metabolism, combined with the drastic action of the reagents in the comparatively crude methods used, make it difficult to construct accurate nitrogen balances. It is quite probable that a thorough understanding of plant nitrogen metabolism will be greatly facilitated by the construction of such nitrogen balances. The preparation, alone, of plant juice for analysis of nitrogen constituents has been the object of a number of investigations (1, 4, 19), but at the present time there is no generally used or accepted method. This is partially due to varying constituents in different types of tissue, but it is more directly due to the inadequacy of these methods for giving extracts or juices which can be readily analyzed. The objective of this paper is to present and suggest modifications of these various methods that give preparations which may be analyzed to give nitrogen balances as they probably occur in the plant. While these methods were developed specifically for the analysis of soybeans, they may be readily adapted to other types of tissue as well.


Summary form only given. Optical reflectance spectra were measured for polypyrrole doped with PF/sub6/ ( PPy(PF/sub 6/) ) at temperatures from 10 to 300 K. The optical spectra at low temperatues are dominated by the onset of new plasma edge at 0.2eV together with the existing plasma edge at 1.8eV. The oscillator strength responsible for the new plasma edge can be described by the simple Drude model, indicating the delocalized electronic states in PPy(PF/sub 6/), whereas the intraband excitations associated with 1.8eV plasma edge are influenced substantially by disorder. The analysis indicates that the charge dynamics involved in the new plasma edge are inherently different from most of the intraband excitations in infrared region and attributed to the intrinsic metallic state in this system.


We present the case of photoionization-induced holeburning in rare-earth-doped II–VI compounds for high-density persistent holeburning. In this case, the photoproduct of holeburning is distributed across the entire zero-phonon line. This maximizes the total number of possible spectral holes that can be burned into an inhomogeneous line as well as produces holes that are photoerasable. Experimental data on photon-gated holeburning in MgS:Eu2+, Eu3+ are presented. With the proper choice of the host electronic band structure, the optically active rare-earth ion and its electronic transitions involved in the holeburning process, to the best of our knowledge we have observed the highest number of photon-gated holes ever burned in a single electronic transition. The features of these holes are that they suffer no detectable erasure after several thousands of read cycles, they survive thermal cycling to ∼150 K, and they are completely photoerasable. A special case of photon-gated holeburning, power-gated holebur...


Tandem Diels-Alder/cross-coupling reactions with organoindium reagents generated in situ from 1-bromo-2,3-butadiene and indium were developed in a one-pot process. [4 + 2] Cycloaddition reactions using organoindium reagents and subsequent Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions provided the rapid synthesis of six-membered carbocycles starting from 1-bromo-2,3-butadiene.


Institutional Choice and Global Commerce. By Joseph Jupille, Walter Mattli, Duncan Snidal. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2013, 265 pp., $95.00 hardcover (ISBN-13: 978-1-107-03895-0).

The study of international organizations has recently generated much work on the origins and effects of the policies and norms promoted by international organizations, as well as analyses based on rich accounts of the bureaucratic characteristics of institutions, and the skills and networks of the professionals inhabiting them. Institutional Choice and Global Commerce in many ways goes back to basics and is motivated by bigger questions: why do states choose particular institutional forms to cooperate, what is the repertoire of institutional options, and what makes the institutional status quo so enduring?

Jupille, Mattli, and Snidal have produced a compelling book that provides a thorough framework for addressing these questions. The proposed theory explains how boundedly rational actors make institutional choices. Aspiring to move beyond the limitations of rational design approaches while avoiding the deterministic elements of path dependency, the theory acknowledges the importance of rationality in choice and design, but draws from historical institutionalism to introduce constraining elements, in particular, the reluctance to disturb the status quo when institutional arrangements are deemed "good enough." The framework, "USCC," explains that, when faced with a cooperation problem or dilemma, states have four choices: they can …


A detailed examination of sodium sulfite as an oxygen scavenger in sodium dodecly sulfate(SDS) micelle for the RTP determination of vitamin K4 in the presence of the heavy atom agent TlAc was described.Sample temperature was found to have a moderate effect on RTP intensity.The Tl/SDS ratio exhibited a critical value 40 % which dramatically affected on luminescence intensity.pH value of media and the concentration of Na\-2SO\-3,SDS and TlAc had obvious influence upon the velocity of expelling oxygen as well as the RTP intensity.The optimum pH range of media was from 7.0 to 7.8.Analytical calibration curve of vitamin K4 was good linear over 1×10-6 mol/L~8×10-6 mol/L和1×10-5 mol/L~4×10-5 mol/L with detection limit of 2.1×10-6 mol/L and releative standard deviation was 4.4 %.


Mexico has a long history of tensions between the government and student activists. This history dates back to student protests that ended with the State's violent repression of students in 1968. T...


There is no doubt that serving as a voluntary preceptor to a medical student is time-consuming, but the rewards can be incalculable.

![Figure][1]

Courtney Seperack, age 7 years, is being seen in the Outpatient Department at Brenner Children's Hospital, Wake Forest University School of


V IENNA, Austria—Women with breast cancer can benefit from exercise and weight control, but they should not be made to feel guilty that their lifestyles have caused their disease. "There's fairly consistent evidence that being more physically active is associated with better breast cancer outcomes and lower risk of breast cancer," said Pamela J. Goodwin MD, MSc, FRCPC, Medical Oncologist, Clinical Epidemiologist, and Professor of Medicine at the University of Toronto and Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada, at the St. Gallen International Breast Cancer Conference. She noted that targeting metabolism through exercise and weight control was clinically beneficial for patients with breast cancer. "There's also evidence suggesting that having a normal body weight is associated with a lower risk of [developing] postmenopausal hormone receptor-positive [breast cancer] and premenopausal triple negative breast cancer, and with generally better breast cancer outcomes," she said, warning, however, that because these conclusions came from observational studies, it was not possible to know if BMI and physical activity levels were simply markers of general health rather than being actually "on the causal pathway." Hormone receptor-positive breast cancer was more strongly associated with obesity, said Goodwin, while data were "less clear" for physical activity. When asked for her recommendations on the basis of currently available evidence, she re-emphasized that the associations were not proven to be causal. "We don't know if changing obesity or changing physical activity will improve outcomes," she said, adding that randomized trials that should provide this information were ongoing. But the lack of final proof need not stand in the way of making cautious recommendations both for preventing cancer and delaying breast cancer relapse, Goodwin suggested. "I think until those trials are complete we can certainly recommend optimization of body weight and physical activity for general health and for symptom control. But we need to be very careful that we don't lead breast cancer patients to believe that doing those things has been proven to improve their outcome. Because it has not." In her review at the conference, Goodwin explained some of the fascinating insights into physiology and metabolism that lead to a suggestion that changing metabolic factors by lifestyle is an approach to cancer management that could be fruitful—the biology linking obesity and physical activity to breast cancer was "pretty strong," she said. "People who are overweight or obese have more adipose tissue. That adipose tissue has increased levels of inflammation and inflammatory cells. It secretes a number of compounds that can stimulate breast cancer growth and metastasis, and it's also associated with a change [of] physiology—higher insulin resistance, insulin, and glucose levels—insulin is a growth factor in breast cancer," she stated. Because glucose can stimulate the growth of breast cancer even within the normal physiologic range, researchers have good evidence there is a biologic basis for its association with the disease. "What we don't know is whether changing it will change the outcome. It may be that breast cancers that develop in overweight and obese women are biologically more aggressive than those that develop in normal-weight women. And we may not be able to change that biological aggressiveness," Goodwin noted. It was important to try to get phase III trials and high-level evidence showing that changing lifestyle would improve outcomes. "We don't want to be in the situation where women feel guilty that they're overweight and obese or physically inactive, and that they've caused a breast cancer recurrence. We're not there yet," she explained. risk Levels When asked for her summary of the most up-to-date knowledge of cancer risks from high body mass, Goodwin explained there was a 50-70 percent higher relative risk of postmenopausal hormone receptor-positive breast cancer and premenopausal triple negative breast cancer among women who are obese or overweight as compared with their contemporaries with BMI in the recommended range. "They also have about a one-third higher risk of recurrence once breast cancer is diagnosed," she said.


The theme of this bachelor work is to analyze the demografic structure of inhabitants in Zlin region in order for this analysis to serve as grounds for investment decision-making. The demografic development of inhabitants in Zlin region was monitored in the years 1995 to 2006. This bachelor work is focused on defining demography as a scientific disciplin as well as on the analysis of the demografic structure of inhabitants in Zlin region. The aim is to offer a proposal of various possibilities for investment decision-making.


On 31 December 2019 COVID-19 case was first reported in Wuhan China as a respiratory disease. With the declaration of World Health Organization (WHO) as a global pandemic, Covid-19 Virus is spreading globally at a faster rate. Despite its in more than 204 countries in the world, Malawi as of 31 March 2019 is among the countries that have not registered any case. Looking at its economic, political and health status its recommended that the authorities should strengthen more preventive measures in order to prevent the pandemic to enter into Malawi.


This study aims to determine the role of Zakat Community Development program institutions, the creativity of Youth in Selat village, West Lombok district, and the role of Zakat Community Development program institutions in increasing youth creativity in Selat village, West Lombok district. The research method used is a qualitative approach with a survey type. The subject of this research is the head of the program or commonly called a friend of zakat at the Zakat Community Development program institution in Selat village, West Lombok district. Informants in this study were youth and the people of Selat village who had involvement with Zakat Community Development. The informants for this study were determined with certain considerations so that the data from the informants were not arbitrary or commonly referred to as a purposive sampling technique. Data collection was carried out by observation, interview and documentation techniques. Data analysis was carried out using the Miles and Huberman model which took place in four cycles, namely data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study show that the Zakat Community Development (ZCD) program institution has a very important role in increasing youth creativity in Selat village, West Lombok district, this can be seen from ZCD's commitment in facilitating financing, utilization of natural resources, training and coaching, can be seen also on creative products produced by youth.


The renewal of forest resource archive data is one of the difficult points under forest resource management.It is the basic requirements to realize forestry infomationization management,to carry out the renewal of forest resource archive data by applying modern advanced technology and methods.The method for using GIS technology to engage in the renewal of forest resource archive data is expounded,and the existed problems from the renewal of forest resource archive data by using GIS technology in Hunan Province are also analyzed.Finally,the methods and channels to solve these problems are dicussed.


Afghanistan National Agricultural Sciences and Technology University (ANASTU), Kandahar, Afghanistan during summer season of 2017 to determine the effect of moisture conservation practices and INM on maize growth, productivity, profitability and resource-use efficiency. Planting maize on raised-beds along with wheat crop residues-mulch (3 t/ha) significantly improved the growth, yield attributes, yield, net returns, monetary-efficiency, production-efficiency and water-productivity over flat-bed planting. Applying 50% RDF + FYM (10 t/ha) and 2-foliar sprays of urea (2%) first at knee-high stage and second at tasseling stage, resulted in the highest growth, yield, production efficiency and water productivity, which was in general at par with 100% RDF. These results suggest that summer maize crop in Kandahar and other similar regions may be planted on raised beds mulched with crop residue (3 t/ha) and fertilized using INM approach to enhance productivity, profitability and resource-use efficiency.