[Objective]To know the situation of pesticide residues in market vegetables in Ji'nan.[Methods]A survey was performed in 2006,454 vegetable samples were collected to detect 31 kinds of pesticides(20 organo-phosphorus pesticide,5 carbamate and 6 pyrethrin pesticide).[Results]The results indicated that 90.3% of these samples were up to national standard.91.2% of the Chinese cabbage,87.0% of the green vegetables,97.2% of the melons,95.9% of the fruits and all root-stem vegetables were up to standard.Among the 31 kinds of pesticides,24 were detected in the survey,and 45.8% of them are prohibited for planting vegetables according to relevant laws and regulations.[Conclusion]The unqualified rates of leafy vegetables were higher than those of melon and root-stem vegetables significantly.The residue of prohibited pesticide exceeded seriously.


The invention discloses a Chinese medicine for effectively treating arteriosclerosis, cerebral hemorrhage and sequela of cerebral thrombosis. The Chinese medicine is characterized by consisting of the following raw materials in proportion by weight: 8 to 12 grams of pangolin scales, 10 to 14 grams of sow, 3 centipedes, 13 to 17 grams of earthworm, 2 long-noded pit vipers, 25 to 35 grams of white ginseng, 25 to 35 grams of radix scutellariae, 45 to 55 grams of weathered saltpeter, 25 to 35 grams of golden rhubarb, 25 to 35 grams of radix achyranthis bidentatae, 13 to 17 grams of saffron, 13 to 17 grams of notoginseng, 18 to 22 grams of gamene, 35 to 45 grams of sappan wood, and 45 to 55 grams of Chinaroot greenbrier rhizome; and the medicines are prepared into fine powder and mixed with pangolin scales to prepare capsules or water-bindered pills. The Chinese medicine has the efficacies in activating blood and arrest bleeding, dissipating blood stasis and relieving pains, clearing away heat and toxic material, restoring consciousness and promoting defecation and urination, and improving cardio-cerebral microcirculation and thrombolysis, has good healing effect on patients suffering from hemiplegia, catalepsy, hemiplegic paralysis, facial paralysis and joints inflammation and pains, and has cure rate of over 90 percent.


Related to the steel braced frame structures in highrise buildings, the dynamic analysis models of the frame element and the brace element are set up considering material nonlinerity and geometry nonlinerity. The nonlinear random seismic response analysis is carried out based on equivalent linearization technique. Numerical examples are given herein, and the second order effects on the statistic values of the structure are discussed under different site conditions and different storeys.


The variational-JWKB method is used to determine experimentally accessible macroscopic quantum tunneling regimes of quasi-bound Bose-Einstein condensates in two quasi one-dimensional trap configurations. The potentials can be created by magnetic and optical traps, a symmetric trap from two offset Gaussian barriers and a tilt trap from a linear gradient and Gaussian barrier. Scaling laws in barrier parameters, ranging from inverse polynomial to square root times exponential, are calculated and used to elucidate different dynamical regimes, such as when classical oscillations dominate tunneling rates in the symmetric trap. The symmetric trap is found to be versatile, with tunneling times at and below one second, able to hold $10^{3}$ to $10^{4}$ atoms, and realizable for atoms ranging from rubidium to lithium, with unadjusted scattering lengths. The tilt trap produces sub-second tunneling times, is able to hold a few hundred atoms of lighter elements like lithium, and requiring the use of Feshbach resonance to reduce scattering lengths. To explore a large parameter space, an extended Gaussian variational ansatz is used, which can approximate large traps with Thomas-Fermi profiles. Nonlinear interactions in the Gross-Pitaevskii equation are shown to produce additional effective mean-field barriers, affecting scaling laws.


Unhindered by last week's political crisis in the U.S.S.R., Meteor-3, a Soviet meteorological spacecraft, has gone into orbit around Earth bearing a U.S.-made instrument—the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS)—designed to provide highresolution daily mapping of ozone in Earth's atmosphere. The National Aeronautics & Space Administration describes the mission, slated to last at least two years, as "the first flight of a significant U.S. instrument on a Soviet spacecraft." It constitutes another step forward in expanding U.S.-Soviet cooperation in space research and exploration under a bilateral agreement on "Cooperation in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space for Peaceful Purposes" (C&EN, Aug. 12, page 24). The 2200-kg spacecraft carries NASA's 28-kg TOMS, three different types of Soviet ozone-measuring devices, and other Soviet instruments. Meteor-3 was launched Aug. 15 from the Plesetsk Cosmodrome near Archangel in the northern U.S.S.R. aboard the Soviets' unmanned, liquid-fueled Cyclone rocket. Th...


Described and illustrated is an apparatus for measuring the scattering and / or absorption and / or refraction of a sample (2), with a radiation source (3), at least one Emfangselement (4), an optical imaging element (5) and a protective element (6) wherein the radiation source (3) and the receiving element (4) on the sensor side of the optical imaging element (5) are arranged, wherein the protective element (6) on the sample side of the imaging element (5) and adjacent to the imaging element (5) is arranged and wherein the radiation source (3), the imaging element (5) and the receiving element (4) are arranged relative to one another that by the receiving element directed (4) transmitted and / or reflected specular sample radiation (7) is receivable. The object of the present invention is that measuring inaccuracies in known measuring devices - at least partially - to be avoided. The indicated object is according to the invention firstly and substantially achieved in that a Refraktionsstrahlenquelle (8) and a Refraktionsempfanger (9) on the senor side of the imaging element (5) and the imaging element (5) are arranged so that for the Refraktionsempfanger (9) substantially on the sample-side interface (10) of the protective element (6) specular reflected Refraktionsstrahlung (11) of the sample (2) is receivable and at the imaging element side interface (12) of the protective element (6) specular reflected radiation (13) from the ...


This paper presents an alternative approach to enhance visibility of images captured at night. In order to improve visual quality of nighttime image, we perform image enhancement in linear sensor space, which best represents image formation models. The analyses show that the proposed approach is helpful to reduce error amplification and computational complexity. In addition, experimental results verify that the proposed method enhances visibility for real-world dataset.


An examination is made of the effect of chipping density on the process of laying hot rolled asphalt. BS 594 has tended to raise the density of chippings from, typically, 12 kg/sq m to 15 kg/sq m in order to increase texture depth. Loss of heat from the asphalt during laying is through radiation, convection and conduction, the latter being increased by an increase in surface area of the chippings. A computer model of temperatures in asphalt with a chipping density of 12 kg/sq m when programmed for 15 kg/sq m shows a substantial drop in temperature. It is noted that the lower chipping density has more heat five minutes after impregnation than the higher after one minute. With higher chipping densities less time is therefore available for compaction. It is advised that to achieve greater texture depths the speeds of the paver, chipping machine and roller must be closely matched. (TRRL)


Islamic Boarding School is a school where students stay, live and study about formal educations and Islamic religion educations in the dormitory. The best teacher performance in Islamic boarding school is assessed using two competences, hard and soft competency. Each of these competences has many criteria. The assessment is conducted in every semester. The assessment aims to support and improve the quality of teacher's performance because its result become as baseline to determine incentive level and warning letter for teachers. These assessments can lead tedious, human error and subjectively decision. To avoid the wrong decision, it is necessary a decision support system for helping to decide the best teacher performance. This application was using Multi Objective Optimization method on the Basis of Ratio Analysis (MOORA). This research produced a web-based decision support system that was used to help decision maker to decide the best teacher performance.


We present samples of starburst galaxies that represent the extremes discovered with infrared and ultraviolet observations, including 25 Markarian galaxies, 23 ultraviolet-luminous galaxies discovered with GALEX, and the 50 starburst galaxies having the largest infrared/ultraviolet ratios. These sources have z < 0.5 and cover a luminosity range of ∼104. Comparisons between infrared luminosities determined with the 7.7 μm polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon feature and ultraviolet luminosities from the stellar continuum at 153 nm are used to determine obscuration in starbursts and dependence of this obscuration on infrared or ultraviolet luminosity. A strong selection effect arises for the ultraviolet-selected samples: the brightest sources appear bright because they have the least obscuration. Obscuration correction for the ultraviolet-selected Markarian+GALEX sample has the form log[UV(intrinsic)/UV(observed)] = 0.07(±0.04)M(UV) + 2.09 ± 0.69 but for the full infrared-selected Spitzer sample is log[UV(intrinsic)/UV(observed)] = 0.17(±0.02)M(UV) + 4.55 ± 0.4. The relation of total bolometric luminosity Lir to M(UV) is also determined for infrared-selected and ultraviolet-selected samples. For ultraviolet-selected galaxies, log Lir = −(0.33 ± 0.04)M(UV) + 4.52 ± 0.69. For the full infrared-selected sample, log Lir = −(0.23 ± 0.02)M(UV) + 6.99 ± 0.41, all for Lir in L☉ and M(UV) the AB magnitude at rest frame 153 nm. These results imply that obscuration corrections by factors of 2–3 determined from reddening of the ultraviolet continuum for Lyman break galaxies with z>2 are insufficient, and should be at least a factor of 10 for M(UV) ∼ −17, with decreasing correction for more luminous sources.


At present, enterprises have gradually realized the importance of modern purchasing management to improve the core competitiveness of enterprises. In order to realize the scientific and reasonable management of procurement, procurement related personnel should have economic, technology, management and other aspects of professional and technical skills, by constantly improve learning and exploration to improve their management level and business skills. Based on the quality of procurement management in supply chain environment under the new era of comprehensive and systematic analysis and study, proposed procurement quality control response of procurement personnel training, performance evaluation and audit based on the supplier, should be a reasonable choice and development, increase the assessment and management of procurement quality control. Introduction Procurement quality management is an important part of the procurement management, which directly affects the production department to produce qualified products, and the ultimate quality of the product is a major issue related to the survival of enterprises. Purchasing quality management is one of the contents of the procurement related personnel management. The quality of the procurement work is directly responsible for the procurement department of all personnel, their code of conduct and methods to determine the purchase price and quality of products. In addition, the procurement of goods quality inspection personnel can not be ignored, only strictly and they are just and stern to defend the quality of purchased products. Finally, the management of suppliers is also essential. The supplier is the supplier of the product, whether can choose to the high quality and low price product cannot leave the choice to the product owner. [1] Purchasing Ability Training and Performance Appraisal The enterprise of procurement staff employed generally need to "Virtue", "talent" and the quality of the former enterprise procurement staff on how to prevent kickbacks, take advantage of the kind of duty, as a very important condition for procurement personnel selection, procurement personnel recruitment and even rarely from non employees to consider, are preferred the old staff and their relatives play. However, with the modern supply chain environment, the importance of procurement business is becoming more and more prominent.


This paper discusses recent efforts to realize GaInAsSb/GaSb TPV cells with an internal back‐surface reflector (BSR). The cells are fabricated by wafer‐bonding GaInAsSb/GaSb device layers to GaAs substrates with a dielectric/Au reflector, removing the GaSb substrate, and subsequently processing the layers using standard photolithographic techniques. The internal BSR enhances optical absorption within the device, while the dielectric layer provides electrical isolation. This approach is compatible with monolithic integration of series‐connected TPV cells and can mitigate the requirements of filters used for front‐surface spectral control.


Brazil's development projects are putting the biodiversity and local populations dependent on its rivers at risk ([ 1 ][1], [ 2 ][2]). The Sao Francisco River, one of the largest rivers in South America (about 2700 km), is also one of the most important for electricity supply, drinking water, and


Objectives: Using bio-sorbents is regarded as one of the effective methods to remove heavy metals. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate Cu2+ adsorption and it's effecting on growth of Phormodium formosum and Oscillatoria simplicissima. Methods/Statistical Analysis: Two marine cyanobacteria isolates P. formosum and O. simplicissima were tested for tolerance and removal of copper supplemental individual as a single metal at different contact times (0, ½, 1½, 3 and 24h), different temperatures (20, 30, 35 and 40 °C), different pH (4, 5, 6, 7, 8) and different concentration (5, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mg/L) under controlled laboratory conditions. Findings: The obtained results showed that lower concentration of Cu2+ (5, 10 and 20 mg/L) enhanced the algal growth (chlorophyll a), elevated concentration (30, 40 and 50 mg/L) were inhibitory to growth in case of two algal. The bioremoval of heavy metal ions (Cu2+) by P. formosum and O. simplicissima from aqueous solution showed that the highest percentage of metal bioremoval occurred at 24 h of contact time recording 90% and 80% respectively. The maximum biosorption was observed at optimal conditions including 30°C, pH of 7 and 10 mg/L at 24h of contact time. Application/Improvements: The study findings revealed that P. formosumalgae can be effectively in order to adsorb Cu2+ due to its high efficiency of Cu2+ adsorption.
Keyword: Bioremoval, Copper, Marine Blue Green Algae, Phormodium formosum


The hydrogen dynamics of nanoconfined sodium Alanate (NaAlH4) has been studied using quasi-elastic neutron scattering (QENS). Results indicate thermodynamic destabilization is responsible for reduced desorption temperatures of NaAlH4 upon confinement within the nanopores of a metal organic framework (MOF). The quasi-elastic broadening in the nano-NaAlH4 indicates that there are two dynamic states of hydrogen, which can be tracked by fitting the QENS signal to Lorentzian functions. The fastest hydrogen dynamics show some limited amount and range of long-range diffusion (i.e., not spatially confined motion) as indicated by a weakly varying Q-dependent fwhm on the broad Lorentzian quasi-elastic broadening data. These data trend toward zero at Q = 0 A–1. Slower hydrogen dynamics, described by a narrow Lorentzian function, are present in the nanoconfined sample and can be attributed to reorientation and localized motion of H around AlHx tetrahedra. Both the as-purchased NaAlH4 (hereafter called "bulk" or "micr...


Adding photovoltaic (PV) systems in distribution networks, while desirable for reducing the carbon footprint, can lead to voltage violations under high solar-low load conditions. The inability of traditional volt-VAr control in eliminating all the violations is also well-known. This paper presents a novel coordinated inverter control methodology that leverages system-wide situational awareness to significantly improve hosting capacity (HC). The methodology employs a real-time voltage-reactive power (VQ) sensitivity matrix in an iterative linear optimizer to calculate the minimum reactive power intervention from PV inverters needed for mitigating over-voltage without resorting to active power curtailing or requiring step voltage regulator setting changes. The algorithm is validated using the EPRI J1 feeder under an extensive set of realistic use cases and is shown to provide 3x improvement in HC under all scenarios.


Conflict resolution programs provide scholars with a rich context to explore how social issues and ideologies are negotiated in the design and enactment of education programs. This ethnographic field study explored how participants in a junior high conflict resolution and peer mediation program, Students Taking Active Responsibility (STAR), enacted democratic and dialogic learning. Based on data collected through participant observations and interviews, we explored how students and teachers embodied particular subjectivities (e.g., democratic citizens, engaged learners) as they participated in STAR. We argue that STAR supported "connected knowing" by resisting the traditional binary of reason and emotion and by fostering respect and responsibility among students. Our analysis revealed tensions that emerged when participants enacted democratic and dialogic learning amidst material and social constraints.


MEMS are paid more and more attention in the present information society. With the development of modern information technologies, information systems are becoming more compact, miniature and smart. MEMS devices and systems fit this trend well. The development and properties of MEMS technologies are reviewed. MEMS technologies are based on the technical inter-growing of microelectronics, materials science, mechanics, physics, chemistry, radio science, etc, and they have developed very fast from the very beginning. MEMS technologies are very promising for a wide range of information system applications. Some typical application examples are given.


Both propensity score (PS) matching and inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) allow causal contrasts, albeit different ones. In the presence of effect‐measure modification, different analytic approaches produce different summary estimates.


This paper makes a distinction between measurement at surface and deeper levels. At the deep levels, the items measured are theoretical constructs or their attributes in scientific theories. The contention of the paper is that measurement at deeper levels gives predictions of behavior at the surface level of artifacts, rather than just comparison between the performance of artifacts, and that this predictive power is needed to develop artificial intelligence. Many theoretical constructs will overlap those in cognitive science and others will overlap ones used in different areas of computer science. Examples of other "sciences of the artificial" are given, along with several examples of where measurable constructs for intelligent systems are needed and proposals for some constructs.


The performance of the manufacturing industry lies in the managers who hold crucial roles. In the revolution industry, data or knowledge holds an important role besides managers' commitment to work optimally. As intrinsic factors, psychological capital is fundamental for managers' behavior such as commitment and initiative to share knowledge that simultaneously enables managers' performance. This research aimed to find the psychology capital's effect on managers' performance in manufacturing companies by taking into account sharing knowledge and organization commitment as moderation. Hypothesis testing was done by using data measured with a Likert Scale from 208 managers of a manufacturing company as a representative from each company stationed in the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The results of empirical testing using SEM Lisrel shows that psychological capital affects performance moderated by a variable such as managers' commitment and knowledge sharing. Based on affected value, the initiative to share knowledge gives greater value to the correlation between psychological capital and managers' performance in manufacturing companies; compared to commitment. Manufacturing practitioners should be able to facilitate a conducive climate to encourage their managers to share knowledge voluntarily so that the decision-making process and performance are better.


Adsorption is an indispensable technology in many industrial processes. In order to enhance the understanding of the process and to optimize its application, simulation is a useful tool. An approach to simulate adsorption of toluene from air in a fixed bed of activated carbon grains is exemplified. A 3D model of the fixed bed is generated by the discrete element method. Computational fluid dynamics simulations are carried out by the Lattice-Boltzmann method. Numerical parameters are calibrated by matching single grain loading curves to experimental data.


We use direct N-body simulations of gas embedded star clusters to study the importance of stellar collisions for the formation and mass accretion history of high-mass stars. Our clusters start in virial equilibrium as a mix of gas and protostars. Protostars then accrete matter using different mass accretion rates and the amount of gas is reduced in the same way as the mass of stars increases. During the simulations we check for stellar collisions and we investigate the role of these collisions for the build-up of high-mass stars and the formation of runaway stars. We find that a significant number of collisions only occur in clusters with initial half-mass radii rh ≤ 0.1 pc. After emerging from their parental gas clouds, such clusters end up too compact compared to observed young, massive open clusters. In addition, collisions lead mainly to the formation of a single runaway star instead of the formation of many high-mass stars with a broad mass spectrum.We therefore conclude that massive stars formmainly by gas accretion, with stellar collisions only playing a minor role if any at all. Collisions of stars in the pre-main-sequence phase might, however, contribute to the formation of the most massive stars in the densest star clusters and possibly to the formation of intermediate-mass black holes with masses up to a few 100M.


The high specific speed Francis turbine is still suitable alternative for refurbishment of older hydro power plants with lower heads and worse cavitation conditions. In the paper the design process of such kind of turbine together with the results comparison of homological model tests performed in hydraulic laboratory of ČKD Blansko Engineering is introduced. The turbine runner was designed using the optimization algorithm and considering the high specific speed hydraulic profile. It means that hydraulic profiles of the spiral case, the distributor and the draft tube were used from a Kaplan turbine. The optimization was done as the automatic cycle and was based on a simplex optimization method as well as on a genetic algorithm. The number of blades is shown as the parameter which changes the resulting specific speed of the turbine between ns=425 to 455 together with the cavitation characteristics. Minimizing of cavitation on the blade surface as well as on the inlet edge of the runner blade was taken into account during the design process. The results of CFD analyses as well as the model tests are mentioned in the paper.


This thesis deals with logical function in Simate-mate (The Mourning Tradition of Karoneses Culture). The objectives of the study are to find out the types of logical function, describe the social value, and find out the implication of this mourning tradition of Karonese. The research is conducted by a qualitative descriptive approach, which makes a description of the situation or event/occurrence. The data of this study is about the utterances that used in this mourning tradition. The research findings indicate that they were five types of logical function which obtained from the analysis of each data. They were elaboration 10 (8,13%), extension 18 (14,63%), enhancement 59 (47,96%), locution 30 (24,39%), and idea 6 (6,50%). The content of social values in the mourning tradition of karonese's culture has function to motivate, advice, amuse, and strengthen the condolences family. They had some aspects of communication and have context of implication namely, emotional expression, aesthetical, and educational function that can be as the reflection for the people about the importance of this tradition for the readers especially young generation.


Abstract Treatment of coniferyl alcohol (CA), sinapyl alcohol (SA), and their mixtures with copper or manganese salts yielded nine dilignols, five trilignols, and one tetralignol. The lignols were composed of guaiacyl (G) or CA units and syringyl (S) or SA units linked together by β-O-4 (b), β-5 (c for coumaran), β–β (r for resinol), and/or a novel γ-β (gb) linkage. None of the isolated lignols contained 5–5′ (biphenyl), 4-O-5, or β-1 linkages. Spectral analysis (1H NMR, 13C NMR, MS) and comparison with authentic compounds confirmed the structures of the dilignols as G-b-CA, G-b-SA, S-b-CA, S-b-SA, G-c-CA, S-c-CA, G-r-G, G-r-S, and S-r-S; the trilignols as G-b-S-r-S, G-b-S-c-CA, S–b-S-r-S, and G-c-G-gb-G; and the only tetralignol as G-b-S-r-S-b-G.


Herein, the bulk micromachining of Si by a magnetically guided metal-assisted chemical etching (MACE) process is demonstrated. To improve the etching performance of Si, a trilayer metal catalyst (A...


We investigate the dynamics of classical and quantum correlations between two qubits. Each qubit is implemented by a pair of phosphorous impurities embedded in a silicon substrate. The main decoherence mechanism affecting these types of qubits is provided by the coupling of the phosphorous impurities to the acoustical vibrations of the silicon lattice. We find that depending on the temperature of the substrate and the initial state, three different dynamics can be found. These are characterized by the number of abrupt changes in both classical and quantum correlations. We also show that the correlations do not disappear. Moreover, before the classical correlations reach a constant value, they may experience successive abrupt changes associated with the apparition of metastable pointer states basis. Then, a constant value for the classical correlations is reached when the preferred basis is established.


In an earlier symposium ("Human papillomavirus and cervical cancer screening" in the November 2000 issue) the authors updated that topic and discussed the role of human papillomavirus DNA testing. This roundtable like its predecessor was taped in Barcelona Spain at the 18th Annual Meeting of the Human Papillomavirus Society. There the authors also talked with some experts on screening for cervical neoplasia in developing countries. This is an enormous problem because much of the worlds cervical cancer occurs in low-resource populations--outside the US and in non-European countries. A magazine such as Contemporary OB/GYN seldom gets the chance to talk about problems related to countries and conditions other than their own. Thats why the authors seized this unique opportunity to discuss issues like a scarcity of pathology services in some parts of the world the frequently poor quality of labs where they do exist and a woeful lack of or outmoded radiotherapy facilities--and to give readers an idea of what happens outside of New York Chicago and Los Angeles. (authors)


Dieter Roth's "6 Piccadillies", published by Petersburg Press in 1970, are among the most celebrated prints of the last forty years. To celebrate the 75th anniversary of the artist's birth, this book traces the development of these magnificent prints and related projects, revealing Roth's astonishingly creative response to one of London's most famous landmarks.


The adjoint method eliminates the dependence of the gradient of the objective function with respect to design variables on the flow field making the obtainment of the gradient both accurate and fast. For this reason, the adjoint method has become the focus of attention in recent years. This paper develops a continuous adjoint formulation for through-flow aerodynamic shape design in a multi-stage gas turbine environment based on a S2 surface quasi-3D problem governed by the Euler equations with source terms. Given the general expression of the objective function calculated via a boundary integral, the adjoint equations and their boundary conditions are derived in detail by introducing adjoint variable vectors. As a result, the final expression of the objective function gradient only includes the terms pertinent to those physical shape variations that are calculated by metric variations. The adjoint system is solved numerically by a finite-difference method with explicit Euler time-marching scheme and a Jameson spatial scheme which employs first and third order dissipative flux. Integrating the blade stagger angles and passage perturbation parameterization with the simple steepest decent method, a gradient-based aerodynamic shape design system is constructed. Finally, the application of the adjoint method is validated through a 5-stage turbine blade and passage optimization with an objective function of entropy generation. The result demonstrates that the gradient-based system can be used for turbine aerodynamic design.Copyright © 2014 by ASME


The 5-exo-dig radical cyclisation reaction of the bromoacetals 9, obtained from the enol ethers 8, and treatment of the resulting hemiacetal 10 with Jones′ reagent transforms the cyclic ketones 7 and 12 into α-spiro-β-methylene-γ-butyrolactones 11 and norbakkenolide-A 2.


The following research shows the results of an investigation process leading to the design and application of four (4) sequential didactic activities thought as instruments to improve the argumentative letter writing competence of the High Intermediate level students of French of the Foreign Languages Bachelor at Javeriana University.


ABSTRACT Resistance to six PVY isolates and PVV in single and mixed (PVY+PVV) infection was examined in R3 progeny plants of two commercial tobacco cultivars (Rila89 and Nevrocop 1146) expressing the coat protein gene of PVYn strain. Both cultivars are widely grown in Bulgaria and PVY control on these cultivars is very important for tobacco industry. The resistance to PVY and PVV in single and mix infections was effective in number of transgenic lines, both in greenhouse experiments and under natural conditions.


Cite this article: Pan Africa Medical Journal. 2020;35(2):63 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.supp.2020.35.2.23764 Received: 26 May 2020 Accepted: 28 May 2020 Published: 04 Jun 2020 Domain: Infectious disease


We propose a novel compact optical circuit arrangement for a matrix switch. The fabricated 8×8 silica-based PLC switch is half the size of a previously reported switch and exhibits an insertion loss as low as 2.5 dB. (2 pages)


Bridging topological state with conventional semiconductor platform offers an attractive route towards future spintronics and quantum device applications. Here, based on first principles and tight-binding calculations, we demonstrate the existence of topological states hosted by a two-dimensional (2D) metal alloy in Si surface, the BiAg/Si(111)-4×4 surface, which has already been synthesized experimentally. It exhibits a topological insulating state with an energy gap of 71 meV (~819 K) above the Fermi level and a topological metallic state with quasi -quantized conductance below the Fermi level. The underlying mechanism leading to the formation of such non-trivial states is revealed by analysis of the "charge-transfer" and "orbital-filtering" effect of Si substrate. A minimal effective tight-binding model is employed to reveal the formation mechanism of the topological states. Our finding opens new opportunities to detect topological states and measure its quantized conductance in a large family of 2D surface metal alloys, which have been or are to be grown on semiconductor substrates.


The thermodynamic cost of resetting an arbitrary initial state to a particular desired state is lower bounded by Landauer's bound. However, here we demonstrate that this lower bound is necessarily unachievable for nearly every initial state, for any reliable reset mechanism. Since local heating threatens rapid decoherence, this issue is of substantial importance beyond mere energy efficiency. For the case of qubit reset, we find the minimally dissipative state analytically for any reliable reset protocol, in terms of the entropy-flow vector introduced here. This allows us to verify a recent theorem about initial-state dependence of entropy production for any finite-time transformation, as it pertains to quantum state preparation.


Current analyses of the LHC data put stringent bounds on strongly interacting supersymmetric particles, restricting the masses of squarks and gluinos to be above the TeV scale. However, the supersymmetric electroweak sector is poorly constrained. In this article we explore the consistency of possible LHC missing energy signals with the broader phenomenological structure of the electroweak sector in low energy supersymmetry models. As an example, we focus on the newly developed Recursive Jigsaw Reconstruction analysis by ATLAS, which reports interesting event excesses in channels containing di-lepton and tri-lepton final states plus missing energy. We show that it is not difficult to obtain compatibility of these LHC data with the observed dark matter relic density, the bounds from dark matter direct detection experiments, and the measured anomalous magnetic moment of the muon. We provide analytical expressions which can be used to understand the range of gaugino masses, the value of the Higgsino mass parameter, the heavy Higgs spectrum, the ratio of the Higgs vacuum expectation values $\tan \beta$, and the slepton spectrum obtained in our numerical analysis of these observables.


Benthik is one of the local wisdom from DI Yogyakarta that consisted of two stages namely uthat and ilar. Benthik can explain various content of physics through Multimedia Learning Modules (MLMs). This research aims to determine the needs of students and teachers toward MLMs based on benthik local wisdom to provide students' physics initial knowledge. The research used survey method. Data collection instruments used were questionnaires of students needs and interview. Research subjects consisted of 140 senior high school (SHS) students and 3 physics teachers. Research subjects were choosen by purposive sampling. The questionnaires were analyzed by percentage and the result of interview analyzed descriptively. The questionnaire contains about physics learning in schools, physics textbooks used, learning based on local wisdom, the use of technology in learning, and the media needed in learning. The result show that 99,28% of students need or very need MLMs based on benthik local wisdom. This condition is supported by the interview that showed teachers need MLMs because the students prefer to use multimedia technology than textbook. It means that students and teachers need Multimedia Learning Modules (MLMs) based on benthik local wisdom to provide students' physics initial knowledge.


A quantum dynamics approach, called Gaussian molecular dynamics, is introduced. As in the centroid molecular dynamics, the N-body quantum system is mapped to an N-body classical system with an effective Hamiltonian arising within the variational Gaussian wave-packet approximation. The approach is exact for the harmonic oscillator and for the high-temperature limit, accurate in the short-time limit and is computationally very efficient.


Discusses the implications of librarians' occupation qualities,addresses that personal development not only need a faworable environment, but also need to consciously improve personal occupation qualities. Suggest severd measures to develop with libraies and realize personal development.


This introduction captures the evolution and development of this special issue on the analyst's body in the treatment room. A brief literature review, as well as our personal interest in the analyst's body as an extension of our subjective experience, is included. In addition, we highlight key points from the papers of our five contributors.


This article uses SWOT analysis theory,which includes SO,WO,ST,WT strategy,to analyze the construction and development strategies of 8 small and medium-sized hospitals of PLA.This study discusses and researches development strategy of the small and medium-sized military hospitals according to the actual construction and development of the hospitals to determine the development direction and measures of the hospitals on the basis of the SWOT analysis and to improve the quality of hospital services.


A novel magnetic sensing technology that forms the basis of an innovative system to monitor ground vehicle movements at airports is presented. The operating principle of this system is the detection of interaction of aircraft or ground vehicles with the earth's magnetic field using sensitive magnetic field detectors. After development and laboratory testing of the detectors, test sites have been set up at three European airports. Potential applications of the detectors were designed and demonstrated. Tests have shown that the system can be applied for ground movement surveillance. The approach can be used as a complementary surveillance system for existing and future advanced surface movement guidance and control systems (A-SMGCS) at large airports or as a cost-effective stand-alone solution for monitoring critical areas at medium and small airports. Furthermore, this system can be applied as well in road traffic and car park occupancy monitoring. Unaffected by weather conditions, interference and shadowing effects, the system provides reliable vehicle position, velocity and direction information without requiring any equipment in aircraft or ground vehicles and thus it increases airport operational safety.


Abstract: This article presents an interview with Martin Sheen conducted in New Orleans on April 1, 2015, by Journal of Popular Film & Television editors Michael T. Marsden and Gary R. Edgerton.


Introduction:Amphetamines are central nervous system (CNS) stimulant substances and amphetamine abuse is considered a growing problem in our country. Previous studies revealed destructive effects of amphetamines on metabolism, perfusion and structure of brain. The aim of current study was evaluating regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) disturbances in methamphetamine (MA) abusers using brain perfusion SPECT.
Methods: This case control study was carried out on 15 MA abusers and 10 healthy volunteers. All 15 MA abusers had a history of MA abuse for at least one year, positive qualitative urinary test for amphetamine. All cases were substance dependent based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition (DSM-IV) criteria. Patients with opioid and other substance abuse except nicotine and caffeine, positive history of head trauma, loss of consciousness more than 30 minutes and also pregnant women were excluded. All subjects underwent brain perfusion Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT).
Results: Of 15 MA users 11 and 4 cases were males and females respectively. Mean age was 42/46±12.08 (range: 22-65) years old. Mean age of control group was 39.56±10.10 (range: 25-63) years old. All MA abusers were currently on using MA. Mean dose of MA use was 0.7 gram per day and mean duration of consumption was 4.86 (1-12) years. Significant differences were observed in scan results (normal or abnormal scan) between two groups (p˂0.05). Of all 15 MA abusers, global decreased tracer uptake was observed in 4 patients (26.7%), global decrease uptake except for the cerebellum was detected in 6 cases (40%), and decreased tracer uptake in fronto-temporal lobes was observed in 2 cases (13.3%), decreased uptake was detected only in the temporal lobe in 2 patients (13.3%) and in temporo-occipital lobes in one case (6.7%). In patients group, decrease in perfusion was more prominent in right frontal, superior frontal and parietal lobes compared with left hemisphere. SPM (Statistical Parametric Mapping) analysis showed significant difference in rCBF between MA abusers and normal volunteers throughout the cerebral cortex with nonhomogeneous decreased tracer uptake.

Conclusion: In this study, we showed that amphetamine abuse can induce diffuse and nonhomogeneous disorders of brain perfusion which was more prominent in the right hemisphere.


Background: Tumor-directed circulating autoantibodies (AAb) are a well-established feature of many solid tumor types, and are often observed prior to clinical disease manifestation. As such, they may provide a good indicator of early disease development. We have conducted a pilot study to identify novel AAbs as markers of early-stage HGSOCs. Methods: A rare cohort of patients with early (FIGO stage Ia-c) HGSOCs for IgG, IgA, and IgM-mediated AAb reactivity using high-content protein arrays (containing 9,184 individual proteins). AAb reactivity against selected antigens was validated by ELISA in a second, independent cohort of individual patients. Results: A total of 184 antigens were differentially detected in early-stage HGSOC patients compared with all other patient groups assessed. Among the six most highly detected "early-stage" antigens, anti-IgA AAbs against HSF1 and anti-IgG AAbs CCDC155 (KASH5; nesprin 5) were significantly elevated in patients with early-stage malignancy. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis suggested that AAbs against HSF1 provided better detection of early-stage malignancy than CA125 alone. Combined measurement of anti-HSF1, anti-CCDC155, and CA125 also improved efficacy at higher sensitivity. Conclusions: The combined measurement of anti-HSF1, anti-CCDC155, and CA125 may be useful for early-stage HGSOC detection. Impact: This is the first study to specifically identify AAbs associated with early-stage HGSOC. The presence and high frequency of specific AAbs in early-stage cancer patients warrants a larger scale examination to define their value for early disease detection at primary diagnosis and/or recurrence. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(2); 183–92. ©2017 AACR.


As Seveso Directive requires, a meaningful development of major hazards evaluation has been taken in these last years: it is considered no more adequate learning only from occured accidents, being required also the identification and prevention of hazards not yet sufficiently evidenced by past experience. This approach shall be strengthened by the definition of technical standards adequate to the new needs, to include both engineering and management features


The study' involving 36 learning disabled eleme students investigated a databasedmodel of remedial_ phonics instruction which incorporated _such-principlesas ,providing foods, teaching Ion mastery, distributing 4ractice, trainirs for discrimination,. and 'emphasizing strategies _for tranSfers,, drawn froliSpeciaI education classes: orclinics, Were taught for, nine 30 minute periods over 3 weeks: Posttest Performances indiCatedthat these Children wene.able to learn omer 75% of the ward's taught, to 'apOlY the. vowel Sounds taught to over 661 of the novel words / presented,-4ndTto-read 60% of the training and transfer words presented withii the= Context of Sentences, TSsuliS Ccnfitied the importance of the application. of learning principles tC phonics instruction for a disabled Ropulation: OuthOn/SB) \, DOCONENT-FEIME EC 14() E31 Bryant, N. Dale; And Others "LD Efficient" Instruction it Phonics: Applying Sound learning Principles to Remedial Teaching. Addendum: Field Replication:,"LD Efficient" Procedures: ics ocedUre. TeChnical 'Report # 1. Columbia Univ., Ne4 York, N.Y.-Research Inst. for the Study of Learning Disabilities.:. Offide of Special Education (Eb), Washirgton, D.C. 80 .300-77-0491 40p. MF01/PCO2 Plus postage. Eleientary Education: *Language AcquiSition; *Learning. Disabilities; *Phonics; *Remedial InstrUCtion


High intensity and high energy laser facilities place increasing demands on optical components, requiring large surface area optics with exacting specifications. Petawatt lasers are high energy, short-pulse laser systems generally based on chirped-pulse amplification, where an initial low energy short pulse is stretched, amplified, and then recompressed to produce fs to ps high-power laser pulses. In such petawatt lasers, the highest demands are placed on the final optics, including gratings which compress the pulses and mirrors which direct and focus the final high-power beams. The limiting factor in these optical components is generally laser-induced damage. Designing and fabricating these optical components to meet reflection, dispersion, and other requirements while meeting laser-induced damage requirements is the primary challenge discussed in this tutorial. We will introduce the reader to the technical challenges and tradeoffs required to produce mirrors for petawatt lasers and discuss current research directions.


A synergistic bactericidal effect of chloramphenicol and penicillin-G was observed with 17 out of 20 beta-lactamase producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus. The synergism was due to chloramphenicol-induced inhibition of beta-lactamase production. With seven of the strains the synergistic effect was operative only with subinhibitory concentrations of chloramphenicol, while higher concentrations produced antagonism.


A discussion is presented concerning the capabilities of a nominal 300- kwe nuclear-electric-powered spacebus having a gross weight of 16,000 lb to perform significant planetary landing missions to the inner planets. Representative missions which are considered include the delivery of landing capsules to the planets Mars, Venus, and Mercury. A description of a typical spacebus is presented including a list of possible scientific experiments for both the spacebus and landing capsule. A brief re*sume* of the spacebus operation and summary of the major subsystem weights are also shown. (J.R.D.)


A number of alcohols have been oxidised by benzeneseleninic anhydride to carbonyl derivatives in high yield; in appropriate cases, the corresponding dehydrogenated compounds are obtained by further oxidation.


The invention discloses a laser frequency modulation polariscope, which relates to the filed of optical rotation measuring instrument technology, and solves the technical problems of polariscope having small volume, low cost and high measuring accuracy. The polariscope comprises an electric part and a light path part, which is characterized in that: the light path part comprises a laser source and a polarizer, a test tube for loading the object for testing, an analyzer and a photomuitplier; the laser sent by the laser source changes into linear polarized light through the polarizer, and the vibration surface of the linear polarized light rotates after passing the optical active substance in the test tube, the bunch of light passes into the photomuitplier after passing by the analyzer; the frequency selection enlarging unit is used to select the signal of the frequency of the laser source and filter out the signal of other frequency. The laser frequency modulation polariscope and the traditional polariscope have completely different functions, which also has the advantages of small volume, low cost and high measuring accuracy.


We report the case of an 84 years old man without significant medical history. He consulted for rapidly progressive dysphagia for solids and liquids and loss of weight. The gastroscopy showed a dilated esophagus but no trace of food in it. The esophageal mucosa had superficial and linear tears that followed the long axis from the middle to the cardias (Fig. 1). The endoscopic view remembered that would cause a cat scratching on a tubular fabric. Among the mucosal flaps we could see an entire and erythematous submucosa with its microvasculature respected (Fig. 2). Endoscopic progression, which was not traumatic, diagnosed a cardiac tumor that was generating an incomplete stenosis at that level. Histology showed a squamous stratified epithelium.


A signature event during the cell intrinsic apoptotic pathway is mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP), leading to formation of the apoptosome, a caspase activation complex. The cellular apoptosis susceptibility protein (CAS) can facilitate apoptosome assembly by stimulating nucleotide exchange on Apaf-1, following binding of cytochrome C. We report here that CAS expression itself is upregulated during TRAIL-induced apoptosis, and knockdown of CAS renders cells resistant to TRAIL. We find that TRAIL induces upregulation of CAS in a post-transcriptional, caspase-8 dependent manner, through degradation of cIAP1, an E3 ligase that targets CAS for ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation. Thus, we have identified a novel signaling pathway whereby caspase-8 engages a feed forward cascade that leads to CAS upregulation and amplifies the apoptotic signal. Furthermore, in silico analysis revealed that expression of CAS is upregulated at both the mRNA and DNA level in human breast tumors, consistent with its role in promoting cell proliferation. Overexpression of various oncogenes led to CAS upregulation in nontransformed cells. Intriguingly, oncogene-induced CAS upregulation also resulted in greater susceptibility to TRAIL induced cell death, consistent with its pro-apoptotic function. These findings suggest that CAS plays contrasting roles in proliferation and apoptosis, and overexpression of CAS in tumors could serve as a potential biomarker to guide therapeutic choices. INTRODUCTION Apoptosis in mammalian cells typically proceeds through one of two signaling cascades, the cell-intrinsic or the cell-extrinsic pathway. The cell-intrinsic pathway is initiated by mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) (1). This leads to release of cytochrome C into the cytosol, where it binds to adaptor protein Apaf-1, and triggers assembly of the apoptosome, a heptameric caspase activation complex (2,3). The apoptosome recruits and activates caspase-9, an initiator caspase which subsequently activates the executioner caspases-3/7 that cleave a variety of cellular proteins leading to cell death (4,5). In the cell extrinsic pathway, binding of extracellular ligands leads to activation of caspase-8 at the cell surface (6). Caspase-8 can then directly activate caspase-3 or additionally engage the mitochondrial pathway through cleavage of BID, leading to MOMP (7,8). In so called "type II" cells, BID mediated MOMP is essential for death receptor induced apoptosis. On the other hand, direct activation of caspase-3 by active caspase-8 is sufficient for apoptosis in type I cells (9,10). MOMP is associated with a loss of mitochondrial function and release of several factors from the mitochondrial intermembrane space that can induce caspase activation as well as caspase-independent cell death. Thus, MOMP has been postulated to be a "point-of-no-return" for cell death, i.e. following MOMP, cells are committed to death regardless of caspase activation (11). However, while this may be true in some cases, several lines of evidence contradict this claim. For instance, cells lacking Apaf-1 or caspase-9 are highly resistant to various apoptotic CAS promotes TRAIL-induced apoptosis and cell proliferation 1 http://www.jbc.org/cgi/doi/10.1074/jbc.M115.685008 The latest version is a JBC Papers in Press. Published on December 14, 2015 as Manuscript M115.685008 Copyright 2015 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc. by gest on D ecem er 7, 2015 hp://w w w .jb.org/ D ow nladed from stimuli that induce MOMP (12-17). Additionally, pharmacological or genetic inhibition of caspases protects neurons from nerve growth factor (NGF)withdrawal induced cell death, despite cytochrome C release, and these cells completely recover following NGF re-stimulation (18,19). Indeed, cells can survive MOMP, provided executioner caspase activity is inhibited (20,21). The ability to survive MOMP has several important physiological consequences. Firstly, it provides a mechanism to protect cells against "accidental" MOMP induced by minor apoptotic insults. This is particularly relevant to the survival of post-mitotic cells like cardiomyocytes and neurons, which indeed exhibit a higher threshold of cytosolic cytochrome C needed to induce cell death (22-24). Furthermore, caspase-3 and -9 are involved in several non-apoptotic processes such as differentiation of various cell types (25-29), development and maintenance of neuronal function (30-32), and proliferation and maturation of immune cells (33,34). Importantly, caspase-3 activation in these scenarios is not lethal, but rather leads to changes in cell shape or function, presumably resulting from cleavage of specific substrates. In the context of oncogenesis, tumor cells often evolve mechanisms of inhibiting caspase-3 activation downstream of MOMP, including down regulation or loss of Apaf-1 (35,36) or caspase-3 (37), and overexpression of inhibitors of apoptosis (IAP) proteins (38,39). The ability to survive therapy-induced MOMP by limiting caspase-3 activation can facilitate tumor cell survival, and has obvious clinical implications. Intriguingly, when MOMP is limited or incomplete, low levels of caspase-3 activation can directly promote tumorigenesis through genomic instability (40,41). Finally, it is worth noting that even in cases where MOMP is sufficient to trigger cell death, caspase-3 activity is essential in preventing an immune response in vivo (42,43). Collectively, these findings underscore the importance of understanding how caspase-3 activation is regulated post-MOMP. Regulating apoptosome formation is a critical means through which caspase-3 activity can be fine-tuned following the onset of MOMP. After binding cytochrome C, Apaf-1 undergoes nucleotide exchange. This is a necessary step for apoptosome formation, as in the absence of nucleotide exchange, cytochrome-C bound Apaf-1 forms nonfunctional aggregates (44). The cellular apoptosis susceptibility protein (CAS), functioning together with PHAPI and Hsp70, stimulates apoptosome formation by enhancing nucleotide exchange on Apaf-1 following cytochrome Cbinding (45). In this study we investigate the regulation of CAS upon TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Further, we explore the role of CAS in cancer cell growth and apoptosis. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES Cell Culture MCF-10A cells were cultured in DMEM/F12 supplemented with 5% horse serum, EGF (20 ng/ml), hydrocortisone (0.5 μg/ml), cholera toxin (100 ng/ml), insulin (10 μg/ml) and penicillin-streptomycin. 293T and HT-29 cells were cultured in DMEM-high glucose supplemented with 10% FBS, L-glutamine (2 mM) and penicillin-streptomycin. Lentiviral or retroviral constructs were co-transfected with packaging vectors into 293T cells for virus production. Virus containing media was passed through a 0.45 μM PES filter and supplemented with polybrene before being used to transduce cells. Reagents, Antibodies and plasmids SuperKiller TRAIL (ALX-201-115-3010) and ZVAD-FMK (ALX-260-020) were from Enzo Life Sciences. Caspase-8 inhibitor (IETD-FMK, #550380), and caspase-3 inhibitor (DEVD-FMK, #550378) were from BD Biosciences. MG132 was from EMD Millipore (#474790). Bafilomycin A1 was from Sigma. For western blot analysis, the following antibodies were used: anti-CAS (Bethyl, #A300-473A), anti-Caspase-3 (Cell Signaling, #9662), anti-Caspase-8 (Cell Signaling, #9746), anti-cIAP1 (Cell Signaling, #7065 and #4952), anti-XIAP (Cell Signaling, #2045), anti-CYLD (Cell Signaling, #8462), anti β-Actin (Sigma, #A1978 and #5316), anti α-actinin (Santa Cruz, #sc-17829), anti-Ubiquitin (Millipore, #05-944), anti-GFP (Roche, 11814460001), anti-HA clone 16B12 (Covance, #MMS-101P). The SMACcherry reporter construct was generated by fusing the N-terminal 171 bp of human SMAC cDNA to the N-terminus of mCherry, on the pBabe-puro vector. Bcl-xL was subcloned into the pQCXIP vector using the EcoRI and BamHI sites. Nterminal tagged GFP-His-CAS and GFP-CAS were generated by subcloning the respective fragments into the pQCXIP-GFP vector. cIAP1 CAS promotes TRAIL-induced apoptosis and cell proliferation 2 by gest on D ecem er 7, 2015 hp://w w w .jb.org/ D ow nladed from cDNA was purchased from Addgene (WT-#8311, H588A-#8334), and subcloned into the pQCXIPHA vector (N-terminal tagged) at the XhoI and EcoRI sites or the pET28A vector at the Nhe1 and Xho1 sites. pcDNA-Myc-His-Ubiquitin, pBabeErbb2, MSCV-mCherry-Myc, pBabe-PI3KH, and pBabe-KRAS were generously provided by Filippo Giancotti (MSKCC). Co-immunoprecipitation For coimmunoprecipitation assays, 293T cells grown in 10-cm plates were transfected with the indicated plasmids. 24 hours later, cells were lysed in plate with IP buffer (10 mM Hepes pH 7.5, 150 mM NaCl, 0.5% NP-40, 1 mM EDTA, 1 mM DTT, and 10% Glycerol) supplemented with protease inhibitors. Lysates were cleared by centrifugation at 14,000 rpm for 10 min at 4°C, and incubated with HA-agarose beads (Sigma, #A2095) overnight at 4°C. Beads were then washed 5 times in IP buffer, and eluted by boiling in 1X SDS sample buffer. In-vivo ubiquitination assays For assays in MCF10A cells, cells stably expressing GFP-HisCAS were lysed in 100 μL of RIPA buffer supplemented with 25 μM MG132, 10 mM Nethyl-maleimide (Sigma), and protease inhibitors. Ni-NTA agarose beads (Qiagen) were then used to pull down His tagged protein as previously described (46). For assays in 293T cells, cells were transfected with Myc-His-Ubiquitin and indicated plasmids in 6-cm plates. 24 hours later, cells were treated with 25 μM MG132 for 4 hrs. After washing with PBS, a small fraction of cell pellet was saved for input and lysed in RIPA buffer. Rest of the cell pellet was resuspended in lysis buffer (6 M Guanidine, 0.1 M NaH2PO4, 10 mM Tris pH 8.0, 10 mM β-me) freshly supplemented with 15 mM imidazole, 10 μM MG132, 10 mM N-ethylmaleimide, protease inhibitors, and sonicated to reduce viscosity. Lysates were then incubated with pre


The diffusion of mobile cameras and webcams is rapidly growing. Unfortunately, images produced by these kinds of sensors during the acquisition of human fingertips are very different from the images obtained by dedicated fingerprint sensors, especially as quality is concerned. One critical issue regarding the protection of confidential information or valuable items is to determine the identity of a person. Biometrics is supposed to offer this security in a user-friendly and secure way. One problem however is that there are ways to compromise systems based on biometric verification. Some of these biometrical features have known vulnerabilities. Persons with similar facial characteristics, e.g. identical twins, can fool face recognition system. It is also stated that identical twins have similar fingerprints due to the fact that they have fingerprints that belong in the same class. Recognition of a finger prints it is necessary to get better image quality of finger print to get better image. So designed a low cost finger print sensor & adjusted its various parameters to improve finger print image quality. We used optical finger print reader using a low cost webcam for capturing image. Image saved in computer. Edge was determined from image using visual C++ program of different person. The result of this experiment was not found very well because it is a big experiment & its program is very difficult. There are many programs we had done for finding better image. We had used image loading program, capturing program, image saving program, zoom in program etc.


Under certain circumstances, the curvature of the reference path for a mobile robot can change sharply, leading to reduced control accuracy. To improve the trajectory tracking capability of a mobile robot, this paper proposes a modified model predictive control (MMPC) method with an adaptive reference point and prediction horizon. The design begins with constructing the single-track kinematic model of the wheeled mobile robot (WMR). Then, an adaptive law is established to enable the reference point to vary with the current path curvature. Specifically, the prediction horizon is flexibly modified according to the distance between the WMR and the reference point. The verification experiments demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed MMPC method compared to conventional methods


In this study the computation of flow and heat transfer inside a rotor-stator disc cavity with radial outflow was conducted. The effects of rotating Reynolds number and mass flow rate coefficient on the flow and heat transfer inside disc cavity were analyzed. In the core region of the cavity the standard k-e turbulence model was employed. In the near wall region Launder-Sharma low Reynolds number turbulence model were employed. The results showed that the present calculation is satisfactory. The basic characteristics of flow and heat transfer inside this rotating disc cavity were revealed.


The invention relates to a tool coating material and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of material preparation and application. The material is a diamond/diamond-like composite laminated coating material with super-hard self-lubricating property. The method for preparing the diamond/diamond-like composite laminated coating material is characterized by comprising the following steps of: firstly, pretreating a matrix by using mixed solution of acid and alkali respectively; secondly, synthesizing diamond with ultrahigh hardness and good crystalline form on the matrix, which serves as the main body of the composite coating, by adopting hot filament chemical vapor deposition; and finally, depositing a high-hardness diamond-like thin film on the main body of the diamond, which serves as a self-lubricating surface layer, by using magnetic filtration cathodic vacuum arc. In order to improve the binding force between the diamond thin film and the matrix and between the diamond-like thin film and the diamond thin film, a transition layer is coated between adjacent layers respectively. The method has the advantages of simple process, precise and controllable synthesis conditions, high film-forming quality, high product yield, low cost, and the like. The obtained diamond/diamond-like composite laminated coating material has ultrahigh hardness, extremely low friction factor and extremely low wear rate, shows excellent self-lubricating friction and wear resistance, and has significance for application of tools or molds under rigorous service conditions.


Background

Postpartum women with type 2 diabetes are at risk of developing cardiovascular complications. Tai chi qigong is one kind of exercise considered to be effective in improving glycaemic control. However, little is known about the health benefits for postpartum women.

Objectives

This randomised controlled trial was carried out to investigate the effect of tai chi qigong exercise on plasma glucose levels and health status of postpartum women with type 2 diabetes.

Methods

Sixty-four participants were randomly assigned to an intervention group (n=32) and control group (n=32). Participants in the intervention group practised a 50-min tai chi qigong exercise programme, three times a week for 12 weeks during the period of 3–6 months postpartum. The control group received usual care.

Results

A statistically significant reduction in fasting plasma glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin and blood pressure were seen in the intervention group when compared with the control group (P<0.05) at 12 weeks. Mean fasting plasma glucose in the intervention and control groups at 12 weeks were 120.19 (standard deviation (SD)=17.51) mg/dl and 129.88 (SD=15.23) mg/dl, respectively. There were no significant between-group differences in body-weight or body-mass index at trial completion.

Conclusions

Tai chi qigong exercise improved glycaemic control and blood pressure in postpartum women with type 2 diabetes. Its use should therefore be considered in clinical and community health services.


This paper proposes three methods in order to retrain classifiers in a multi–expert scenario, when new (unknown) data are available. In fact, when a multi–expert system is adopted, the collective behaviour of classifiers can be used for both recognition aims and selection of the most profitable samples for system retraining. More specifically a misclassified sample for a particular expert can be used to update the expert itself if the collective behaviour of the multi–expert system allows the classification of the sample with high confidence. In addition, this paper provides a comparison between the new approach and those available in the literature for semi–supervised learning using the SVM classifier by taking into account four different combination techniques at abstract and measurement levels. The experimental results, which have been obtained using the handwritten digits of the CEDAR database, demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.


Two kinds of domestic sizing agents for PAN-based carbon fiber(CF) were comparatively studied on the physical properties such as wear resistance,contact angle,surface energy and mechanical properties of tensile strength,elastic modulus,interlaminar shear strength(ILSS).The effect of drying temperature on the water content of CF was also followed.The molecular weight of epoxy resin in sizing agent was not main influencing factor on interlaminar shear strength of carbon fiber.


This page provides of the non-confidential Toxic Substances Control Act Inventory ("TSCA Inventory") for users to download and help using the files provided for download by the EPA.


Web sites use a number of different techniques to gather information about the behavior and interests of their visitors. In many cases this collection happens without the knowledge of the visitors and is continued across different domains in the world wide web. This allows organizations to gain a huge amount of personal information about users. We present a tool named PRIVIDOR (PRIvacy VIolation DetectOR) that allows to detect potential privacy violations on web sites and create reports containing its findings. The design goal of PRIVIDOR is to integrate as many as possible evaluations into one server based tool. The tool helps to evaluate the web sites policies concerning the handling of their visitors privacy.


Experiments were conducted by affixing smooth hills, with a short gap, on a flat plate mounted in a low turbulence tunnel. Configurations with three gap-widths of the order of the hill height (also of the order of the incoming boundary layer) and a range of freestream speeds were examined. PIV and hotwire data were obtained. At the hill location the Reynolds number was always subcritical. Flow past the hill develops streamwise vorticity that develops into a pai r of streamwise vortices with the common flow between them directed away from the plate. At low freestream speeds of about 2 m/s, the lift-up action of these vortices creates inflectional profiles but there is no transition. Above a thresh old speed, which increases with gap width, transition was observed. Between the streamwise vortices a low speed streak forms, flow separates and then reattaches. A reverse flow index shows unsteady reattachment over an extended region and the concomitant rise in velocity fluctuations. A high shear layer appears, which then rolls up. The unsteady reattachment is in this roll-up region. There are similarities with recent studies of transition induced by freestrea m turbulence. Present results indicate the common feature of late stages of transition due to freestream turbulence or wa ll protrusions to be streak breakdown. INTRODUCTION Recent experiments, physical and numerical, have improved our understanding of the late stages of boundary layer transition. The late stages are marked by three-dimensionality, the presence of streamwise vortice s, streaks, sinuous and varicose oscillations, and the appear ance of spots leading to a complete breakdown. The late stages have similar sets of traits even though the origins ar e as varied as the slow, linear Tollmein-Schlicting instabil ity of a weakly perturbed, boundary layer, to the rapid breakdown induced by freestream turbulence or protrusions on the wall. So, one class of studies have been of the ways in which these different origins eventually lead to transitio n. Our studies are of the later stage, of the developments that follow once streamwise vortices are present in the boundary layer. These are not studies of instabilities of a flat pla te boundary layer, but of the late stages where the boundary layer has already become altered by the presence of streamwise vortices even though the associated cross flow velocities are quite small. In our first study, isolated, streamwise vortices were created in a boundary layer by mounting a smooth hill over one-half the span of a flat plate mounted in a low-turbulence tunnel (Manuet al. (2009, 2010)). The arrangement had been used earlier by Hamilton & Abernathy (1994) to examine transition in a water table flow. Two types of hills were used: a steep profile 3 mm high, 30 mm wide, and a shallow profile 1.5mm high and 50 mm wide. Tunnel freestream speed ranged from 3.5 m/s to 7.5 m/s. Hills were mounted at subcritical locations where the Reynolds number based on momentum thickness was no more than 245, and hill heights were always less than the thickness of the undisturbed boundary layer. It was found that flow underwent transition only when the freestream speed was above a threshold. At lower speeds, a single streamwise vortex formed, wall-normal and spanwise velocity profiles became inflectional, the lift-up action of the streamwise vo rtices created streaks, but the perturbations decayed downstream rather than effect transition. At the higher speeds transition was observed, but the routes were different for the steep and shallow hills. With the shallow hill, the flow disturbed by the single vortex broke down continuously: hotwire signals were irregular a short distance downstream , and the level of the fluctuations continued to grow. With the steep hill, the signal showed a regular, near periodic fluctu ation whose amplitude continued to grow for some distance downstream before becoming irregular. Fourier transform showed a strong peak, sidebands, and a harmonic. We concluded that the streamwise vortex formed by the steep hill was located away from the wall and underwent an oscillatory instability before breakdown; with the shallow hill the vortex was closer to the wall and broke down sooner. Thus we postulated the wall interaction of the streamwise vortex as a last stage of transition. The oscillations of the


Several projects from the late 1930s saw Weill writing in American folk idioms in ways that he carried over into the 1940s. One Man from Tennessee (1937, unfinished), written for the Federal Theatre Project, uses Leftist language to address contemporary political issues, although problems with the libretto doomed the endeavor. The World's Fair pageant Railroads on Parade (1939, rev. 1940) represents Weill's willingness to work within the political center, which coincided with mounting tensions with Germany. After the war (and his naturalization), Weill returned to folk idioms with Down in the Valley (1948), which draws on some of the same musical, theatrical, and political ideas as One Man from Tennessee, but in a drastically different cultural context.


A vertical Schottky diode rectifier was fabricated using a bulk n−GaN wafer. Pt Schottky contacts were prepared on the Ga face and full backside ohmic contact was prepared on the N face by using Ti∕Al. The root mean square surface roughnesses of the Ga and N faces are 0.61 and 4.7nm, respectively. A relatively high breakdown field of 5.46kV∕cm was achieved with no additional edge termination. The breakdown field decreases as the size of the device increases. The background electron concentration of the bulk GaN wafer was low (5×1015cm−3), which may lead to a relatively high breakdown field even with no special edge termination. The forward turn-on voltage was as low as 2.4V at the current density of 100A∕cm2. The device exhibited an ultrafast reverse recovery characteristics (reverse recovery time <20ns).


We show that model-based Bayesian clustering, the probabilistically most systematic approach to the partitioning of data, can be mapped into a statistical physics problem for a gas of particles, and as a result becomes amenable to a detailed quantitative analysis. A central role in the resulting statistical physics framework is played by an entropy function. We demonstrate that there is a relevant parameter regime where mean-field analysis of this function is exact, and that, under natural assumptions, the lowest entropy state of the hypothetical gas corresponds to the optimal clustering of data. The byproduct of our analysis is a simple but effective clustering algorithm, which infers both the most plausible number of clusters in the data and the corresponding partitions. Describing Bayesian clustering in statistical mechanical terms is found to be natural and surprisingly effective.


Many oral medications can induce a level of "brain fog," known as Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden. This cognitive burden can be quantified; a consensus on the scoring, from 0 (best) to 3 (worst), has been developed. Drugs with non‐zero scores span pharmacological classes, including antidepressants, antipsychotics, and urological treatments. Higher ACB scores have been correlated with lower performance in cognitive assessments; every 3 points of ACB score may reduce MMSE results by one. This burden confounds cognitive status (i.e., are medications causing observed cognitive impairment?). Recently, some ACB drugs have also been correlated with future dementia incidence.


The Computer Science LibGuide is designed to help students locate and utilize library resources related to the discipline of Computer Science throughout the research process.


The sexuality is a natural characteristic of all the human beings that develops during the whole life, from before being born even, the death is determined by a series of biological, psychological, social, cultural and spiritual aspects that determine the form of behavior or of sexual conduct of every person. The present investigation that takes as a target to identify the knowledge on sexuality that there have the adolescents of the School Emiliano Ortega Espinoza del Canton Catamayo of the Province of Loja. The investigation is of descriptive type – quantitative the universe was formed 1450 students, the sample was constituted by 435 adolescents that it belongs to 30 % of the population between men and women. For the compilation of the information I use the survey and as I arrange a previously prepared questions questionnaire that one applied to the adolescents in study the obtained results determine that the adolescents possess knowledge of the anatomy of the sexual organs both masculine and femininely. Likewise the investigation shows that the adolescents of both sexes do not know on the physiology of the masculine reproductive device and unlike the physical changes both the man and the woman they know of these and how they are presenting before themselves in its body in the period of the puberty.
KEYWORDS: Sexuality, Adolescents, Knowledge, masculine reproductive device; feminine.


The present invention relates to a method for detecting forward and/or rearward driving of a motor vehicle by evaluating rpm signals. A signal representing the rpm of an input shaft pertaining to the transmission is compared to a signal representing the rpm of an output shaft pertaining to the transmission. Forward driving or rearward driving is concluded from said comparison.


03-2010 A reference check is a valuable tool in the recruitment process to verify facts and obtain additional information about the candidate. The best indicator of future performance is past performance. A minimum of two (2) professional references are required prior to an offer being extended to your final candidate. Applicant name: _________________________________________________ Date: ______________________________ Position applying for: ____________________________________________ Reference name: _________________________________________________ Title: ______________________________ Company: _______________________________________________________ Phone#: ___________________________ 1. What position did the candidate hold in your company? 2. What was your relationship to the candidate? (direct supervisor, co-worker, other) 3. Dates of employment ____________________________ to ________________________________ 4. Reason for leaving __________________________________________________________________ 5. Final salary _________________________________________________________________________ 6. What are the candidate's strong points? 7. What are the candidate's weak points? 8. How well did this candidate interact with others (co-workers, supervisors, subordinates)? 9. Did this candidate have any performance issues? 10. Would you rehire this candidate? 11. A critical responsibility in this job is _____________________________________________________. Based on your experience with this candidate, do you feel he/she will be successful in this area?


Abstract:In its examination of the popular critical deployment of "postmodernism" in analyses of Theresa Hak Kyung Cha's final and most widely read text, Dictée, this essay aligns Cha's work with the modernist documentary. Readers have often suggested that Cha's postmodernist innovations highlight Dictée's radical break from a larger cultural timeline. This essay proposes, instead, that the text updates, rather than turns away from, documentary techniques of a prior era. It does so specifically, this essay argues, within the context of global economic transformations wrought by late capitalism. By mapping some of the contradictory relations of late capitalist history onto a formal intersection between the limits of historical documentation and the technics of mediation, Cha demonstrates how changes in the structure of capitalism prompt changing concepts of what it means to document history.


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The concept of concurrent signatures was first introduced by Chen et al. at Eurocrypt 2004. In a concurrent signature scheme, users produce ambiguous signatures that are only verifiable by the users themselves but not by any other outsiders until the release of an extra secret called the keystone. Once the keystone was released, all the signatures become binding to their signers concurrently and anyone can verify the signatures. Since then, a few concurrent signature schemes have been proposed. Tonien et al. constructed the first multi-party concurrent signature scheme at ISC 2006. In this paper, for the first time we construct an unlinkable multi-party concurrent signature scheme. After the release of the keystone, the concurrent signatures can be converted to ordinary signatures that don't contain any information of keystone to remain unlinkable. This property offers a stronger notion of anonymity than previous schemes.


His members is shown to be the effect of the redemption. The ultimate reason underlying the mystery must be sought in God's decree and acceptation of His Son's sacrifice on behalf of the human race. The second mystery studied is original sin; its essence, in the author's opinion, consists in the absolute solidarity implied between us and Adam, our first human father. Again, the solution is found in God's free ordinance whereby He has attached us to Adam with regard to the transmission of his sin. In the third and final chapter we are invited to turn our attention to two problems that have challenged orthodox and heteradox theologians since the beginnings of theological thinking: why did God permit original sin, and what is the ultimate purpose of the Incarnation? To discover answers to these perplexing questions, Galtier rapidly reviews the doctrine of selected Fathers and theologians. He comes to the conclusion that tradition demands the unconditional priority of Christ over Adam, whose position is one of dependence even before his sin; the very existence of Adam, and consequently of the entire race, is subordinate to God's eternal decreeing of Christ. The so-called "Thomistic" opinion cannot be reconciled with traditional teaching, and the view that the redemption is the sole or even the chief motive of the Incarnation ought to be abandoned. Obviously, so brief a treatise as Les deux Adam cannot settle controversies on such weighty matters to the satisfaction of all. The age-old disagreements will continue in the Schools.


Education reform was a major issue in California during the 1983 legislative session. As a legislative issue, it was resolved in July when Governor George Deukmejian signed into law an education reform bill that increased spending by $800 million and made a number of important changes in the state's education code. The differences between the 1982 and 1983 legislative sessions were stark. In 1982, an election year, despite intense pressure by the education lobby, the state legislature refused to grant new monies to education. Yet in 1983 the reverse was the case. How this turnabout came to pass is a case of state politics; national events had little impact on either the direction or the nature of reforms enacted.


A routing method for a short message center of an IP multimedia subsystem and an apparatus thereof are provided. The method includes that: the short message center receives a message; according to the called user of the message, the short message center inquires formerly buffered routing information of the user; if the inquiry is successful, final call forward is implemented according to the formerly buffered routing information and the buffered routing information of the user is updated; if the inquiry fails, the short message center directly inquires attributes of the called user number in a telephone number mapping server, determines a routing, and buffers the routing information of the called user for use in the next inquiry; the short message center sets a time interval threshold for the buffered routing information, and times the buffered routing information; and the short message center deletes the routing information buffered over the time interval threshold.


limitation (Figs. 1–3). There was no evidence of paresthesias or other neurological symptoms. Under sedation, the patient received the injection of 20 mg of triamcinolone in each carpi. In a check-up 1 month later, she reported a clear improvement, mentioning the nearly complete disappearance of the pain within 24–48 h after the injection, and an improvement in mobility. We consider that, like the authors of the letter we comment here, local corticosteroid injection is a valid option in cases of carpal pain secondary to Madelung's deformity during the pediatric age, even in the absence of symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome. Moreover, as the skeleton of the child is still growing, it is necessary to postpone surgical treatment. Thus, in our opinion, local injection is an interesting conservative option given the potential relief of the symptoms, with a low probability of complications. Nevertheless, we have not found publications dealing with this therapeutic approach, nor of its mediumand long-term efficacy.


The main goal of teleoperation control design problem is to provide total transparency to make the operator feel as if he is manipulating the remote object directly. However, it has not been possible to achieve perfect transparency. One of the possible reasons might be due to the presence of encoder noise. In this paper, transparency analysis for scaled teleoperation system; force-position and four-channel control architecture have been done considering the effect of encoder noise. Low-pass filters have been used to restrict the effect of the noise and hence, new criteria, relating the control parameters, the scaling factors, and the frequency of teleoperation system, have been obtained to achieve better transparency in spite of the presence of noise. Simulation results show that for low frequencies, high position to force scaling ratio, and optimal gain controller, the transparency increases as the transmitted impedance matches the scaled environment impedance.


We report a pulsed combustion‐operated CO2 gas‐dynamic laser. A gas mixture is ignited in a combustion chamber to form heated CO2 and N2. The mixture expands through a supersonic nozzle, thereby causing population inversion in the CO2. Laser energy was about 20 J and pulse duration 0.3 sec. Variations of gain and pulse energy with gas composition and stagnation pressure are described.


AbstractLaboratory experiments were carried out to investigate pressure drop in excess flow safety valves (EFSVs) assuming isothermal, incompressible, and one-dimensional gas flow. A particular foc...


In investigation the effect of extracellular acidosis (pH 5,5) on the immunological activation of guinea pigs blood basophils in in vitro conditions the following results were obtained: 1) OVA-induced basophil activation took place in Ca 2+ free medium; 2) alcian-positive cells depletion was 36-37% and did not depend on the final OVA concentrations in the range from 3,3 to 3,3 х 10' 3 mg/ml; 3) OVA-induced basophil activation under acidosis (pH 5,5; in Ca 2+ -free extracellular medium ) was more intensive than the same activation under the standard conditions (pH 7,3, 1 mM Ca 2+) and was 4-fold higher than the same activation in other condition (pH 7,3, in Ca 2+-free extracellular medium). Thus, we demonstrated for the first time the effect of extracellular acidosis on the anaphylactic reaction of basophils. Based on our data new methods for optimization in vitro pharmacological activity tests for potential anti-allergic drugs can be proposed.


Crashes involving wildlife and vehicles are becoming a major safety concern. To combat this problem, researchers are deploying the latest tools to reduce animal-vehicle collisions and save the lives of both motorists and animals. This article highlights some of these advances, which include animal-vehicle detection systems, activated warning signs, and electric fencing and mats. A checklist of steps for agencies seeking to launch programs to reduce wildlife-vehicle collisions is presented. Often technologies can be combined at one location to enhance animal detection, alert drivers, and reduce collisions. An application of several of technologies in the Preacher Canyon area of Arizona was successful in reducing the incidence of elk-vehicle collisions by 96%.


The suitability of the theory of implicit tax in China is studied based on the samples of listed companies from 2008to 2010in China.The samples are divided into loss group and no loss group by whether the companies experience loss carryforwards and the correlation between pre-tax return and income tax preference of each group is analyzed respectively.The results are consistent with the implicit tax hypothesis.Companies with higher tax preference pay an implicit tax by means of reducing pre-tax return.However,the presented correlation between pre-tax return and tax preference is weaker than that predicted by the implicit tax hypothesis because the later is subject to a perfectly competitive and frictionless economy assumption.


ABSTRACT An improved shear-lag model is proposed in this article to study the effects of interface roughness and interfacial stiffness on the mechanical properties of a representative volume element (RVE). The surface roughness of the fiber is represented by grooves distributed around the fiber. The interfacial stiffness is introduced by the cohesive zone modeling (CZM) to study the nonideal adhesion interface. This paper also considered the influence of fiber length on stress transfer. The theoretical model was validated through numerical simulation considering both regularly and irregularly distributed grooves. The results show that the improved shear-lag model can describe the interfacial stress properties accurately. Furthermore, it is found that the influence of surface roughness varies for different interfacial stiffness. The proposed method and results can guide the design and analysis of interfacial modifications in carbon fiber composites. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


Paddy fields with flooded water are commonly known as the main source of methane (CH4) emission. Measurement of methane gas is complicated and costly due to utilizing advanced instrumentation such as Gas Chromatography (GC). In addition, some soil parameter data that is effected on methane emissions were sometimes limited. The current study proposed the artificial neural network (ANN) models to predict methane emission from paddy fields using soil parameters of soil moisture (SM), soil temperature (Ts) and soil electrical conductivity (EC). The models were performed based on the experimental data in one planting season during 20 January to 13 May 2018. The ANN models were developed by backpropagation learning algorithm. The sigmoid function was used as an activation function with three layer, i.e. input, hidden and output layers. There were six ANN models with different input parameters. Model 1 with three input parameters (SM, Ts, EC) was the best model with highest R2 (0.97) and lowest RMSE (32.9 mg/m2/d). However, the model needs more input parameters. The Model 2 can be used as an alternative to predict methane emission if there were only two measured parameter, i.e., SM and Ts. This model was fairly satisfied as indicated by R2 of 0.64 and moderate RMSE of 122.8 mg/m2/d


Abstract : The article deals with machining of rare earth and refractory metals. Physical-mechanical and chemical properties are discussed. Methods of machining, treatment, types of cutters, and safety procedures for various metals are described. (Author)


PRACTICAL DIABETES VOL. 35 NO. 1 COPYRIGHT © 2018 JOHN WILEY & SONS 23 Are women with diabetes adequately prepared for pregnancy, are steps taken during pregancy to minimise adverse maternal outcomes, and are adverse fetal and neonatal outcomes also minimised? These questions are addressed in the latest National Pregnancy in Diabetes audit published in October 2017. Steve Chaplin here examines the latest audit results.


We describe the synthesis of a combi-receptor via the click reaction of 6I-azido-6I-deoxycyclomaltoheptaose onto (propargyl-O)6cucurbit[6]uril under microwave-assisted conditions. The process was investigated by 1H NMR, FT-IR spectroscopy, and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The ability of the synthesized compound to act as a molecular receptor and supramolecular building block in combination with NIPAM- and adamantane-containing methacrylates was investigated by turbidity measurement and dynamic light scattering (DLS).


The disturbance observers have been used to estimate the disturbance in the plant. Several papers on design methods of disturbance observers have been published. Recently, the parametrization of all disturbance observers for plants with any output disturbance was clarified. However, no paper examines the parametrization of all disturbance observers for plants with any input disturbance. In this paper, we clarify existance conditions of a disturbance observer and a linear functional disturbance observers for plants with any input disturbance. Under these conditions, we propose the parametrizations of all disturbance observers and all linear functional disturbance observers for plants with any input disturbance.


0.5W fiber-output power with a slope efficiency of 0.36W/A at 25°C is demonstrated from a 2mm long ridge waveguide structure using AlGaInAs/InP material. At 70°C 300mW fiber-output power with a slope efficiency of 0.29W/A is obtained. Characteristic temperatures T0=99K, T1=348K and Tmax=232°C were measured.


.............................................................................................................................................. 1 Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................................. 2 List of Abbreviations ........................................................................................................................... 7 Chapter One – Introduction ................................................................................................................ 8 Structure of the thesis ................................................................................................................... 11 Chapter Two – Risk, Uncertainty and Child and Family Social Work ................................................ 15 Defining child abuse ...................................................................................................................... 15 Child and family social work: a 'new' 'profession'? ...................................................................... 20 A brief history of child and family social work .......................................................................... 21 Present-day child and family social work: from safeguarding to child protection ................... 23 Family support and child protection: a false dichotomy .............................................................. 27 The rise (and dominance) of evidence-based practice ................................................................. 30 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................................... 36 Chapter Three – A Social Constructionist Approach to Knowledge: Insights from the Theoretical and Empirical Literature .................................................................................................................... 37 Knowledge as social construction ................................................................................................. 37 A social constructionist approach to risk and uncertainty ............................................................ 39 Expert knowledge: insights from the Sociology of Scientific Knowledge (SSK) ............................ 46 The expert response to risk and uncertainty ................................................................................ 49 Expert knowledge sharing: just do it? ....................................................................................... 50 Translation studies: dominant themes ......................................................................................... 55 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................................... 60 Chapter Four – Methodology ............................................................................................................ 62 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 62 Research questions ....................................................................................................................... 63 A qualitative approach .................................................................................................................. 63 Social worker: a complex term...................................................................................................... 64


The importance of the review of literature as a part of the research process is discussed. Meta-analysis, a quantitative approach to summarizing the research findings in an area, is described, and the approach is illustrated by presenting a metaanalysis of research on the effectiveness of the Minnesota Couple Communication Program. Advantages and disadvantages of meta-analysis are highlighted by comparing the conclusions reached from the meta-analysis with conclusions reached jfrom both a traditional and a voting method review of the same research literature. Even though meta-analysis is a complex approach, it has definite advantages in elucidating small, consistent effects, in yielding more complete information about an area of research, and in offering increased flexibility to the reviewer. It offers a means of summarizing a complex literature that is particularly valuable in family studies, an area of research in which methodology, group size, and other research parameters vary widely.


Difference generalized method of moments is used lag two phases dynamic panel data models for analysis and Monte Carlo simulation,then simulation results were analyzed and compared.


The deuterium isotope effect plays a profound role in revealing the kinetics and mechanisms of organic reactions, as well as the hole/electron transport behaviors of semiconductors, yet the application of...


Following the finite element discretization of the Navier-Stokes equations we obtain a nonlinear matrix system. The resolution of this system by the iterative method of Newton-Raphson requires at each iteration the factorization of a matrix of the same size and the same structure as the matrix of the system. The storage space required for storage and the machine time required for their factorization become excessive. For industrial problems (3D problems or even in 2D), It is practically impossible to work with matrices, the memory space to store them is out of reach of current computers. To overcome this problem, the linear systems resulting from the Newton-Raphson algorithm are solved by the GMRES (Generalized Minimal RESidual) algorithm. The structure of the GMRES algorithm makes that we never have matrices to evaluate, but only the action of a matrix on a vector. Convergence is accelerated using a pre-conditioning technique. The diagonal pre-conditioning that we have developed is simple and effective.