Health care professionals are responsible to ensure safe dispensing and use of drug
regimens involving the use of drug combinations that may interact and cause serious
adverse events. In the last 40 years an enormous amount of data on drug
interactions has been published. But, although potential drug interactions are
probably common only few of them manifest serious adverse events and often only in
predisposed patients. Therefore, health care professionals feel inundated with hints
for potential drug interactions of questionable clinical significance provided by their
drug interactions information sources. Computerised alerts systems enable important
assistance but their performance is not satisfying.
Simply knowing that two drugs may interact does not offer enough information to
health care professional to devise a plan to reduce risk of an adverse outcome. The
risk of most drug interactions can be minimised by an accurate management (e.g. by
dose adjustment, spacing of dosing times and close monitoring of the therapy) and
thus, drug combinations do not have to be avoided. Therefore, drug interaction
information sources should directly provide guidelines about the manageability of a
drug interaction.
The present thesis aimed to focus on four different aspects of the management of
potential drug interactions in hospitalised and ambulatory patients: A) to determine
the influence of patient-related risk factors on the development of an adverse
outcome, B) to assess the prevalence and patient knowledge of potential drug
interactions with over-the-counter (OTC) drugs used for self-medication, C) to assess
preoccupation with potential drug interactions, perception of quality of drug
interaction information sources, information needs, and how their requirements relate
to those expressed by general practitioners, and D) to observe on site the
management of potential drug interactions in daily community pharmacy practice.
Drugs have been recognised as a primary or contributing cause of hyperkalaemia,
especially when administered to patients with underlying risk factors. The objective of
project A was to analyze the influence of known risk factors on the velocity to
develop hyperkalaemia in 551 hospitalised patients. Compared to the drug treatment
at entry, during hospitalisation significantly more patients were treated with drugs
associated with hyperkalaemia such as heparins, angiotensin converting enzyme

inhibitors (ACEIs) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), potassium supplements,
potassium-sparing diuretics, and/or NSAIDs or COX-2 selective inhibitors. Risk
factors associated with a high velocity to develop hyperkalaemia were in descending
order: use of potassium supplements, severe renal impairment, use of potassiumsparing
diuretics, use of ACEIs or ARBs, and diabetes mellitus. The velocity to
develop hyperkalaemia significantly increased in patients with ≥2 of such risk factors.
Dose-effects could be found for potassium supplements and potassium sparing
diuretics, but not for ACEIs or ARBs. In contrast, use of kaliuretics (loop diuretics or
thiazides) was associated with a decreased velocity to develop hyperkalaemia.
The results of this study have shown that patients with multiple risk factors should be
closely monitored and a rapid change in laboratory values should alert health care
providers to adequate actions.
Project B focussed on selected potential drug interactions of different clinical
relevance between prescription only medicines (POMs) and OTC drugs pharmacy
customers purchased for self-medication. In community pharmacies potential drug
interactions with self-medication arise mainly in two situations: First, if an OTC drug is
purchased by a passer-by customer whose prescribed drug therapy is not known, or
second, if a POM or an OTC drug is requested by a regular customer whose
prescribed drug therapy is usually recorded. Both customer groups were checked for
potential drug interactions. Of 1183 observed passer-by customers, 164 (14.4%)
purchased at least one of selected OTC drugs with risk for potential drug interactions.
Out of them 102 (62.2%) were interviewed: 43 (42.2%) mentioned taking prescribed
drugs, and 3 of them were exposed to potential drug interactions of moderate
severity.
Out of 592 regular customers using at least one selected drug with a risk for potential
drug interactions, 434 (73.3%) could be interviewed. Of them 69 (15.9%) were
exposed to a potential drug interaction between purchased OTC drug for selfmedication
and their POM. Furthermore, 116 (26.7%) regular customers were
exposed to potential drug interactions within their prescribed drugs and in 28 (6.5%)
multiple (≥ 2) potential drug interactions were found. Out of 434 regular customers
203 (46.8%) were aware of potential drug interactions between their POM and OTC
drugs. Of them 96 (47.3%) were informed by their prescribing physician and 52
(25.6%) by their community pharmacist. Awareness of potential drug interaction was

significantly associated with the age of customers and the potential severity of drug
interactions.
Thus, the results of this study support efforts to increase awareness of potential drug
interactions with OTC drugs. Although community pharmacies are adequately
equipped with computerised drug interaction surveillance systems this is often not
applied to self-medication. Vigilance for potential interactions of all drugs, including
those sold over the counter, should be increased.
Project C aimed to analyze the current drug interaction management in Swiss
community pharmacies with a particular focus on electronic systems and to compare
the results with those gathered among German general practitioners in a recent
survey. A postal questionnaire was randomly sent to 500 community pharmacies of
the German part of Switzerland. The response rate was 57.4%. Only 24.7%
pharmacists reported to be confronted less than daily with potential drug interactions.
Use of computer software to identify potential drug interactions was widespread in
community pharmacies (90.2%) and the software was the primary source of
information (81.2 ± 29.6%). The quality of the interaction software was judged
sensitive (identifying all dangerous interactions) by 80.5 ± 21.5% but specific
(identifying only relevant interactions) by only 38.3 ± 32%. Pharmacists declared a
low override rate (14%) of drug interaction alerts although unjustified alerts were
reported by 60.6 ± 33.1%. In contrast to general practitioners pharmacists opted less
often for information on the mechanism of the interaction and more frequently for
details for dose adjustment. Both groups complained about deficient information on
non-interacting alternatives. The information needs of community pharmacists
differed considerably from general practitioners.
Substantial improvement of drug interaction software systems is thus required at
least in two important aspects: the suppression of inappropriate alerts and the
tailoring to the needs of the user.
Drug interaction alert systems are commonly used in community pharmacies. They
intend to ensure safe medication dispensing and use. But, pharmacists are inundated
with alerts and override is possible. In project D on-site practice of community
pharmacies was observed and the nature and management of drug interaction alerts
were analysed. During two days 15 researchers assessed in 15 different pharmacies

data of 600 regular customers with multiple drug therapy (≥ 2 drugs) and interviewed
the responsible pharmacists about the management actions in consequence of drug
interaction alerts. The median frequency of drug interaction alerts increased from 0.5
to 40 to 76 depending on the settings of the 15 community pharmacies' computer
systems to flag only severe (N=4), severe and moderate (N=6) or severe, moderate
and minor (N=5) potential drug interactions. Because of these settings out of 787
potential drug interactions detected on new or repeated prescriptions 277 (35.2%)
were technically overridden by computer systems. Only 256 (32.5%) of 787 potential
drug interactions emerged from a new prescription. The drug interaction alert
systems produced 656 alerts of which 146 (22.3%) were invalid because of multiple
alerts for the same interaction or alerts for combinations of which one drug was no
longer taken. Of the 510 remaining relevant drug interaction alerts 289 (56.7%) were
overridden by community pharmacists without any evaluation. The attendance of the
patients by the pharmacists themselves was associated with a lower override of
alerts. The sum of technical and pharmacist's override results in a rate of 71.9%. Of
the remaining 211 potential drug interactions 87 (41.2%) were analysed trough
consultation of literature, a physician or the patient himself and of them 55 (63.2%)
resulted in an intervention (close monitoring, adjustment of dose or ingestion time,
stop of therapy, or alternative therapy). Determinants associated with the analysis of
drug interaction alerts were the potential high severity (severe or moderate) and the
alert flagged for the first time.
As long as no sophisticated solutions are available it is important to avoid override of
clinically relevant potential drug interactions. All of the 10 potential drug interactions
classified as severe were detected and adequately managed. Therefore,
classification of potential drug interactions is a very strong determinant for detection.
Two conclusions are drawn from this study: Firstly, a focus on first-time alerts
generated by new prescriptions and the elimination of invalid alerts would result in a
substantial improvement in the specificity of drug interaction alert systems, and
secondly, the claim to reduce their sensitivity by filtering drug interaction of moderate
or minor severity might be reduced.


While deep learning based object detection methods have achieved high accuracy in fruit detection, they rely on large labeled datasets to train the model and assume that the training and test samples come from the same domain. This paper proposes a cross-domain fruit detection method with image and feature alignments. It first converts the source domain image into the target domain through an attention-guided generative adversarial network to achieve the image-level alignment. Then, the knowledge distillation with mean teacher model is fused in the yolov5 network to achieve the feature alignment between the source and target domains. A contextual aggregation module similar to a self-attention mechanism is added to the detection network to improve the cross-domain feature learning by learning global features. A source domain (orange) and two target domain (tomato and apple) datasets are used for the evaluation of the proposed method. The recognition accuracy on the tomato and apple datasets are 87.2% and 89.9%, respectively, with an improvement of 10.3% and 2.4%, respectively, compared to existing methods on the same datasets.


Liu Kun is a time hero, and also a tragic character. The objective reason of the time together with his own subjective reason has created his tragedy , among which his own subjective reason has accounted for the very great proportion of his tragedy: He was ambitious but improficient; patriotic but selfish, meanwhile he showed some kind of historical limitations…It can be said that Liu kun himself pushed him on the tragedy stage.


We have developed a multi-spectral SWIR lidar system capable of measuring simultaneous spatial-spectral information for imaging and spectral discrimination through partial obscurations. Our system utilizes a supercontinuum laser source and eight narrowband spectral channels in the 1000 nm to 1600 nm region. The system employs a steering mirror, which enables us to scan the region of interest and collect spectral and spatial data as a point-by-point scan. The system is designed to detect weak signal returns in the few-photon regime. The technique promises more capable classification and target detection of spectrally diverse targets in obscured environments with potential applications for mapping of ground type through forest canopy, pollution monitoring of water ways, and intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance and target detection (ISRT). Custom targets designed to provide distinct spectral response are employed to ascertain the system's response. The lidar system is calibrated by measuring the return signal from a highly reflective flat Spectralon target; this enables us to determine the reflectivity of the objects of interest. Spectral response of the targets are analyzed and their estimated reflectivity is reported. The same targets are studied in the presence of two partial obscurants. The objects are easily identified even though the return signal is attenuated by a factor of seven. The general spectral shape of the targets are preserved in the presence of the obscurants. More challenging objects and environments and various methods to recover the spectral response of the objects are currently being pursued.


sulting fear of "public unrest" (balbala) justifies the intervention of the Egyptian security state and the Coptic Church, which together have taken on the role of official arbiters of ChristianMuslim affairs. Moving beyond the dichotomy of "conflict versus coexistence" (26), Heo's account illuminates how the separation of Copts, the very making of a "minority," is continuously produced by the state-church alliance. This alliance is unstable, however, as Copts are suspended between national and transnational belongings. Apparition sites such as the one in Zeitoun can easily be resignified from solidifying Christian-Muslim nationhood to becoming a "fortress of Christian identity" (3). At the same time, not all Copts accept the Church's role as arbitrator of saintliness. Notably, the Maspero victims who were crushed by army tanks in October 2011 never were officially recognized as martyrs by the Church. Their nonmartyr status, Heo argues, highlights the "vulnerabilities attached to those Copts searching for a sense of Christian-Muslim belonging unyoked to religious institutions" (245). Centrally, this is a book about violence. Heo works with an understanding of violence that includes the "more permanent structures of repression, dispossession, and seclusion" (6) but also dwells on spectacular scenes of violence. She ends the book with the beheading of Coptic migrant workers in Libya, which, after being catapulted into mass-mediated circulation, was folded back into long histories of imagining holiness. The afterlife of these new "holy deaths" is uneven, however. Funds were channeled from the state, the Coptic Church, and international donors into the village of 'Aur from which the workers hailed. But these funds have also caused new frictions, and a church built to honor the martyrs was attacked with Molotov cocktails by Muslim youth (248). Heo nevertheless wants to leave us with some optimism. She puts forth her own frame, or what she calls "alternative horizons of mourning victims" (246). She asks: What if one were to mourn across the Coptic-Muslim divide? What if one were to recognize that the Maspero protesters in 2011 and the Muslim Brotherhood supporters at the Rab'a mosque in 2013 were slaughtered by the same actors—that both Copts andMuslims have fallen victim to the military and to ISIS? For Heo, this alternative horizon points to a "window of possibility for forgoing sympathies across sectarian lines" (253). Although I appreciate these lines of hope, I think it is telling that this joined frame of commemoration emerges not from the ethnographic materials but from the anthropologist's imagination and political commitments. What is at stake in our continuous search for lines of hope? Does insisting on optimism do justice to the project of capturing the actual terms of inhabiting life in the wake of violence (253)? While spaces of hope might be limited in Egypt today, there are certainly spaces of excess. Throughout, Heo pays attention to what exceeds state and church control. Unlike officially approved apparitions and their "visual epistemologies of objective realism," dreams and visions are "more unwieldy, ephemeral forms of seeing that are less subject to the disciplinary governance of religious institutions" (169). One memorable moment in the book where excess breaks through the churchstate-imposed order juxtaposes the official portraits in the HangingChurch, featuring pairs of popes and presidents, and postcard portraits in the background that evoke an alternative imaginary of life and death, such as the image of Pope Shenoda's corpse seated on his throne the morning after his death. Heo links this excess to something that is lurking, a potentiality. It gestures beyond the book. Ultimately, the excess might also be about the saintly, divine, andmiraculous asserting itself in ways that cannot be captured by an exclusive focus on the politics of access. There is much to be learned from this book: how to take seriously the materiality of icons and relics; how to think about the making and breaking of difference; and how to think beyond the dichotomy of trick and miracle, secrecy and disclosure, and suspicion and belief. The Political Lives of Saints is a must-read for students and scholars interested in modern Egypt, Christian-Muslim relations, and the anthropology of the state, violence, and sectarian relations.


【Objective】 Based on the characteristics of low fruit set ratio in the semiarid region,this experiment studied the effects of plant growth regulators on pear jujube in northern Shaanxi,in order to increase the yield and water use efficiency.【Method】 With a control of water,the effects of plant growth regulators,GA3,GA3+PP333,BR-481,and NAA,on yield,quality and water use efficiency were studied through rain-fed outdoor experiment.【Result】 Compared to the control,different treatments significantly increased the fruit set ratio,yield and water use efficiency,with the increase rates of 64.9%,77.6% and 111.8% by GA3,122%,120% and 118% by BR-481,and 89%,94% and 96% by GA3+PP333,respectively.The efficiency real water savings by GA3,BR-481,GA3+PP333 were 2 546.4,2 523.9 and 2 498.3 m3/hm2,respectively.NAA treatment decreased the fruit set ratio,yield,water consumption and the efficiency real water saving.【Conclusion】 Plant growth regulators,such as GA3,BR-481 and GA3+PP333,could increase jujube yield through booming the number of fruit and fruit set ratio.Thus they can be used as effective water-saving chemicals.


While strokes are typically associated with the brain, it is widely known that stroke outcomes are influenced by communication between the brain and peripheral organs. The gastrointestinal (GI) tract comprises a critical organ system that is affected during and after stroke, and the interaction between the GI tract and the brain in stroke is attributed to the modulation of the gut-brain axis. Intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP; gene:
 Akp3
 ) is a brush border enzyme localized in the intestinal epithelium that regulates intestinal homeostasis by modulating inflammation and intestinal integrity. We hypothesized that IAP regulates the early post-stroke changes within the gut-brain axis, and that loss of IAP disrupts the gut-brain axis to worsen post-stroke outcomes and disrupt immune responses. We utilized 4-6 month-old male and female mice with a genomic deletion of
 Akp3
 and their wild type (WT) littermate controls. Following the induction of photothrombotic stroke (PTS), stroke-injured mice and their sham controls were for evaluated for bacterial load, intestinal permeability, intestinal motility, neurological deficits, cerebral blood flow, and immune responses over the next 24 hours. Statistical analysis of Clark's neurological score, laser speckle flowmetry, and 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining at day 1 post stroke showed a main effect of stroke but no differences between genotypes. While no differences in intestinal motility were observed due to stroke or genotype, gut permeability to 3kD-FITC dextran quantified at 3.5 hours post-stroke was higher in
 Akp3-/-
 mice compared to WT mice. Further analysis of bacterial burden showed that anaerobic bacteria in the ileum were diminished in
 Akp3-/-
 mice post-stroke compared to WT counterparts. Quantification of immune cell populations in cervical lymph nodes and spleen showed that
 Akp3-/-
 mice displayed baseline decreases in monocyte and dendritic cell populations that were either maintained or further decreased at 24-hours post-stroke, suggesting that Akp3-/- mice are unable to mount an appropriate innate immune response in acute stroke. Taken together, the current results support the hypothesis that IAP shapes early outcomes and modulates the gut-brain axis in ischemic stroke.


The article discusses trends in the exhibition work of modern museums, caused by modernization processes in the cultural sphere. Examples of original exhibitions in some museums in Russia and abroad are given, related to changes in museum activities. In the era of changes in society on the one hand, and in art on the other, there is a need for new forms, approaches and ideas in museology. The museum becomes a place where one can see, understand and comprehend the processes taking place in the world. The museum exhibition, like no other cultural form, allows us to show the changes happening in the world we live in.


We treat tracking as a binary classification task in order to distinguish between an object to be tracked and the background. We propose to integrate an online learning based total-error-rate minimization method (OTER) with an observation model of particle filter for visual tracking. The particle filter is modeled using an affine dynamic model and an observation model. The observation model is constructed using the OTER classifier for binary pattern classification. The proposed method is empirically evaluated both qualitatively and quantitatively using several publicly available video sequences.


Black phosphorus has been the subject of growing interest due to its unique band structure that is both layer dependent and anisotropic. While many have studied the linear optical response of black phosphorus, the nonlinear response has remained relatively unexplored. Here we report on the observation of third-harmonic generation in black phosphorus using an ultrafast near-IR laser and measure Chi(3) experimentally for the first time. It was found that the third-harmonic emission is highly anisotropic, dependent on the incident polarization, and varies strongly with the number of layers present due to signal depletion and phase-matching conditions.


China is an eastern ancient country with more than 5 000-year-old history and culture.Among them the traditional festival is also colorful.There are many myths of the origin concerning traditional festival in China;there are many festival fete activities.Weather Chinese traditional festival and its fete activity have something with ancient low productivity and frequency nature disasters.The aim was to analyze the traditional festival from the festival and natural disaster this a new angle of view to investigate this question.


Nowadays, deep learning-based chatbot technologies have attracted the attention of many industries. Natural language understanding which consists of intent detection and slot filling is the first step in building a chatbot. Intent detection alone can be used to build a chatbot to answer frequently asked questions. However, there are still three major challenges in intent detection, namely, accuracy, stability and generalization ability. To overcome these three challenges, this paper proposes a new spatial semantic network (SSN) for intent detection method based on sentence embedding and support vector machine. Our SSN method consists of a frontend mapping a sentence to a dense vector in high dimensional space and a backend classifying the points into different intents. We conducted experiments on two popular real-world datasets. Experimental results show that our SSN method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in terms of accuracy, stability as well as the ability to generalize on small training set.


The success of network community has attracted all trades and professions to construct the network knowledge community one after another.This paper analyzes the necessity and feasibility of applying knowledge community in the library,and elaborates the significance of applying knowledge community in the library.


Industrial networks typically connect hundreds or thousands of sensors and actuators in industrial facilities, such as manufacturing plants, steel mills, and oil refineries. Although the typical industrial Internet of Things (IoT) applications operate at low data rates, they pose unique challenges because of their critical demands for reliable and real-time communication in harsh industrial environments. IEEE 802.15.4-based wireless sensor-actuator networks (WSANs) technology is appealing for use to construct industrial networks because it does not require wired infrastructure and can be manufactured inexpensively. Battery-powered wireless modules easily and inexpensively retrofit existing sensors and actuators in industrial facilities without running cables for communication and power. To address the stringent real-time and reliability requirements, WSANs made a set of unique design choices such as employing the Time-Synchronized Channel Hopping (TSCH) technology. These designs distinguish WSANs from traditional wireless sensor networks (WSNs) that require only best effort services. The function-based channel hopping used in TSCH simplifies the network operations at the cost of security. Our study shows that an attacker can reverse engineer the channel hopping sequences and graph routes by silently observing the transmission activities and put the network in danger of selective jamming attacks. The cracked knowledge on the channel hopping sequences and graph routes is an important prerequisite for launching selective jamming attacks to TSCH networks. To our knowledge, this article represents the first systematic study that investigates the security vulnerability of TSCH channel hopping and graph routing under realistic settings. In this article, we demonstrate the cracking process, present two case studies using publicly accessible implementations (developed for Orchestra and WirelessHART), and provide a set of insights.


Feng Youlan (Fung Yu-lan, 1895-1990) is the author of a famous History of
Chinese Philosophy translated by Derk Bodde in 1937 (1st vol.) and 1953 (2nd vol.). He
attempted to breathe new life into the Neo-Confucianism of Zhu Xi (1130-1200) by bringing it into harmony with analytic philosophy. His Essay on Man (1943) is a phenomenology of individual consciousness as it rises to saintliness through four stages: natural
consciousness, the primary form of existence in which the mind is immediately aware of
the objective world, but without self-consciousness; selfish consciousness, rising above the
objective world by calculation, following the quest of self-happiness; moral consciousness, born from the consciousness of oneself as a social being and developing altruism;
cosmic consciousness, reaching saintliness through the understanding of the truth of everything and uniting oneself with the Way of Heaven (Dao). Feng Youlan was one of the
most outstanding Chinese philosophers of the last century who, however, lost credibility
after his well-publicized conversion to Maoism in 1949


influenced many contemporary writers such as Yaw Asare, Martin Owusu, Efo Kodjo Mawugbe, Asiedu Yirenkyi, Joe Degraft among many others. These contemporaries who were all playwrights and dramatists asserted themselves in the creating of an identity in the theatre scene in Ghana. Apart from the contributions of Abstract: Drama is artistic when it depicts life. Drama deals with mans' everyday experiences to draw material for the playwright who is above all else as a member of the particular society. The playwright absorbs the culture of his immediate environment, takes in the language of the people, and observes the environment to discover the idiosyncrasies so as to reproduce them in his writings, especially in a format that connects with the aesthetics and social values of his audience. There is therefore the need to seek expressions that have the impetus of serving as the catalyst for identity and uniqueness which is peculiar and portrays the African in their performance arts and acts and mode of presentation. Mohammed Ben Abdallah is one such Ghanaian playwright who has tried to develop a unique dramatic technique called Abibigro that addresses both aesthetic and social yearnings of the Ghanaian and Africa for that matter. This paper attempts a cursory look at identifying and examining the dramatic form of Mohammed Ben Abdallah in his play "The Fall of Kumbi". It is demonstrated in the paper how the playwright uses the Abibigro technique to plunge his audiences into total African Theatre. The paper concludes on Abdallah as playwright and the influences that underpin his writings and what makes him a modern dramatist.


Enrichment of bacteria capable of growing with electrochemical reducing power and CO2 was accomplished using a plate-type electrochemical bioreactor (PEB). A bacterial source obtained from wastewater treatment reactant and forest soil was cultivated on carbonate-based mineral agar medium prepared in the PEB (PEB-carbonate agar). According to the pyrosequencing analyses, the abundance of Betaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria at the phylum level, and Achromobacter, Alcaligenes, and Pseudomonas at the genus level were selectively increased after the electrochemical enrichment culture. Finally, one genus of bacterium that was autotrophically grown on the PEB-carbonate agar was identified as Alcaligenes. This bacterium may be useful to fix atmospheric CO2 with electrochemical energy obtained from the solar cell.


The paper analyzes the deficiencies of the existing integration methods of AHP and DEA, improves the integration method and establishes a shiptargeting model for ship site supervision based on AHP-DEA method. This paper filters the indicators which covered the main factors that affect the safety of ship by analytic hierarchy process, and establishes the evaluation index system. The paper selects 22 vessels as the experimental sample , realizes the sorting and classification of ship site supervision and ship's risk degree through case analysis. The results are compared with those which are based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, China's new ship-targeting regulation of flag State control and Tokyo Memorandum new inspection regulation in order to prove that the classification of AHP-DEA is more reasonable. Meanwhile, compared with FCE method, AHP-DEA is more objective and less accidental. The method has the advantages of simple steps and convenient calculation, and has certain practical values for vessel supervision. Introduction "Vessel Supervision" refers to safety management and supervision and inspection activities of the maritime management agencies upon the ship, the crew and its related activities to see whether they are in line with laws and regulations, administrative rules and regulations, or China's conclusion or accession of the relevant international conventions and our country's accession to the provisions of the regional cooperation organizations. The "vessels" mentioned above refer to Chinese vessels and water facilities (hereinafter referred to as " vessels ") as well as foreign vessels that navigate, moor and operate in the waters under our jurisdiction.[1] Under the situation that the government deeply promotes the transformation of functions and simplifies power and decentralization, the cancellation of the ship's visa will affect the current methods and effects of general inspections carried out by the maritime administrations carrying out general inspections on the seaworthiness of ships, and weakened inspections on the seaworthiness of ships. As a result, a new round of adjustment in maritime regulatory mode will take place, the allocation of maritime regulatory resources will be further focused and rationalized. Due to the limited resources possessed by on-site law enforcement, ship supervision and precision problems urgently need to be solved, a shiptargeting model for ship site supervision need to be established. The current model of the selection of vessels simply divides the vessels into three types of vessels and can not further differentiate the priority supervision orders for similar vessels. In fact, shiptargeting is selecting the corresponding priority inspection of the ship. If the risk degree of the ship can 7th International Conference on Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development (ICEESD 2018) Copyright © 2018, the Authors. Published by Atlantis Press. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). Advances in Engineering Research, volume 163


A barrier tree is a model for representing the hierarchical distribution of local optima and valleys. While it is useful, constructing a barrier tree is challenging for a large problem instance. In this paper, we propose an efficient method to approximate the barrier tree. One important subgoal is to estimate a saddle point between two solutions, and it is achieved by exploiting the bias of the Great Deluge Algorithm. We also present a case study of a pseudo-boolean problem of size 296, which is roughly 6 times larger than the scale that the existing methods can handle.


Drug‐eluting beads bronchial arterial chemoembolization (DEB‐BACE) can embolize the tumor‐feeding artery and also be loaded with antitumor drugs, which can be released slowly into the local tumor environment. The effect of DEB‐BACE in patients with lung cancer remains unclear. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of DEB‐BACE with gemcitabine‐loaded CalliSpheres beads in patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).


This paper describes design and architecture of control software for a microrobotic paper fiber characterization platform. Mechanical properties of an individual paper fiber determine the key parameters affecting the quality of a paper sheet. However, thousands of paper fibers must be analyzed in order to produce statistically reliable data. This paper presents control software that aims at automation of an in-house developed paper fiber characterization platform.


This chapter will provide an overview of Operations Research (O.R.) from the perspective of an industrial engineer. The focus of the chapter is on the basic philosophy behind O.R. and the so-called "O.R. approach" to solving design and operational problems that industrial engineers commonly encounter. In its most basic form, O.R. may be viewed as a scientific approach to solving problems; it abstracts the essential elements of the problem into a model, which is then analyzed to yield an optimal solution for implementation. The mathematical details and the specific techniques used to build and analyze these models can be quite sophisticated and are addressed elsewhere in this handbook; the emphasis of this chapter is on the approach. A brief review of the historical origins of O.R. is followed by a detailed description of its methodology. The chapter concludes with some examples of successful real-world applications of O.R. * From Maynard's Industrial Engineering Handbook, 5 Edition, pp. 11.27-11.44


While determining executive compensation,directors tend to bear an unconscious sense of"like for like"and a reciprocal "group idea,"and the consequence is that chief officers may have an ideal remuneration,of course,for which directors are liable.The problem cannot be well solved by way of resorting to rationale which may ignore fishy executive compensation while good faith can serve as recipe for success.Whether there is "director for director"should be presumed from legitimacy of chief officers'remuneration.Since legitimacy is a vague word,it should be determined by reference of the firm's maximum value along with the test,level and structure of the executive compensation.


Memristors have gained considerable interest in the electronics design community for their switching and nonvolatile storage capabilities. Here, hybrid perovskite materials are prime candidates for implementation of these devices as they are earth-abundant, printable semiconductors which can rival in performance established materials such as silicon when employed in photovoltaics. Recently, they have also been used to implement memristor-type devices taking advantage of their 'anomalous' hysteresis behavior, where the resistance of the device can be directly modulated through the application of a bias. This effect is typically attributed to the migration of ions through the material, which results in the formation of 'conductive filaments' that can be switched at will. As the study of perovskite memristors progresses, it is essential to have a toolset for designing and testing circuits composed of such devices which are not currently available for medium and large scale circuit design and simulation. In this paper, we thus introduce a SPICE model that incorporates the behavior of perovskite memristors. Using extensive transient simulations, we study their operation with different device parameters. We further show that our model is capable of emulating resistive state changes of real world memristors.


The objective of this paper is to establish

 q

 -analogue of some well-known inequalities in analysis, namely, Poincaré-type inequalities, Sobolev-type inequalities, and Lyapunov-type inequalities. Our obtained results may serve as a useful source of inspiration for future works in quantum calculus.


Background: Increasing rates of overweight and obesity in children & adolescents in Egypt signal a very alarming trend indicating an urgent need for development of strategies to address this new problem. Objective: To examine the individual and combined effects of dietary weight loss and exercise interventions on body mass index (BMI), various lab. parameters &dietary habits. Methods: This longitudinal intervention study was done in 30 randomly selected elementary & secondary schools of two governorates; Cairo & El Behaira. A total of 841 over weight & obese adolescent school children were randomly assigned to either diet modification or diet & exercise program. All Participants were subjected to baseline assessment (weight, height, waist circumference hemoglobin concentration, fasting blood sugar & lipid profile dietary intake including "Twenty four-hour recall" method & food frequency questionnaire). The intervention strategy aimed to decrease the energy consumption, adopting healthy eating habits and increase physical activity. All baseline assessments were repeated at 6 and 12 months. Results: A total of 718 cases continued 12 months follow up with dropout rate of 14.6 %. The results indicated that 27.9% of our total participants lost 5% or more of their initial body weight after 12 months of follow-up especially among the group who followed diet & exercise regimen. All lab parameters improved significantly by the end of the study. The mean total daily caloric intake, mean total Fat energy ratio & Carbohydrates energy ratio have been significantly decreased by visit 12 especially among the group who followed diet & exercise regimen. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that diet alone can have a beneficial effect on reducing weight; however, a combination of weight loss and regular exercise may provide greater improvement in reducing weight, improving lipid profile & dietary intake on long scale programs. [Maysa A.Samy, Sahar A Khairy, Sahar A Ibrahim, May K Matter, and Hoda A.Hassan. Management of overweight and obesity in Egyptian school children-An intervention study. J Am Sci 2012;8(11):595-603]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 89


SUMMARY: The conventional image of the 'Darwinian Revolution' has recently been challenged by a number of new historical studies. For example, it has been pointed out that eighteenth and nineteenth-century discussions on 'transformism', in particular on the Continent but also in Britain, should be taken into account when describing the emergence and reception of Darwinian evolutionism. Equally, the question of how Darwin developed his theory is in need of reassessment, which will also have important implications for the interpretation of the debate which followed the publication of Origin of Species in 1859. Acceptance of evolutionism in the late nineteenth century was often based on models of development (e.g. Neo-Lamarckian) which excluded the more radical ideas of Darwin. Finally, attention should be given to national differences in the reception of Darwin's work.


Relates to a method of treating rheumatoid arthritis compound Chinese medicine preparation of the present invention, comprises the following weight proportion medicine ingredients: 8-12 peach kernel, safflower 13-17, 8-12 Chuanxiong, Radix 8-12, angelica 8- 12, Salvia 8-12, 13-17 Drynaria, Dipsacus 13-17, March (red) 2-4; preparation method described above is washed 9 flavor ingredients, mixed at a ratio, by weight of the sum of ingredients 4-7 times the volume ratio of water or 70% ethanol boiling twice, 80 minutes each, twice decoction combined, filtered, and concentrated to give a specific gravity of 60 deg.] C liquid extract of 1.18, using conventional preparation process of the present invention can be made on any one kind of said pharmaceutical dosage forms such as tablets, capsules, granules, oral liquid, pills, syrups. The present invention is made compound Chinese medicine preparation, healing time was significantly shorter, callus growth faster and more solid and reliable, effective treatment of fractures is much better than the conventional medicine.


Fedotov G.N., Rudometkina T.F., Shalaev V.S. INFLUENCE OF SURFACE-ACTIVE SUBSTANCES ON PROPERTY OF THE SOILS. On the basis of the analysis of the received results and literary data, the mechanism of process of change of nanostructure organization has been offered to the soil gels. It is drawn a preliminary conclusion that the maximal water-stability of soil structure will be characteristic for the modifiers causing increase hydrofilicity of supermolecules of humus substances and swelling fractal clasters from them, but they are not leading to the segregation of the organic matrix.


Purpose – The chapter seeks to contribute to the discourse concerning the United Nations Security Council's role in strengthening a rules-based international system and maintaining international peace and security under the rule of law. Its particular purpose is to examine the Security Council's Al-Qaida and Taliban sanctions regime (1267 regime) from a rule of law and due process perspective.

Methodology – To this end, the chapter reviews the 1267 regime's controversial listing and de-listing procedure and identifies shortcomings in relation to traditional due process guarantees. It then discusses reform options available to the Security Council as far as forms and modalities of an effective review mechanism are concerned.

Findings – The chapter has two main findings. First, it concludes that the 'individualisation' of Security Council sanctions in terms of targeting individuals directly has not been accompanied by the creation of a means for the new targets to appeal the measures imposed on them. Second, it finds that a lack of political will has so far prevented comprehensive reform of the 1267 regime but that such reform is becoming increasingly urgent. The chapter suggests that reform initiatives need to address the value, effectiveness and sustainability of the 1267 regime more broadly. The Security Council, in particular, needs to consider what it is prepared to give up to maintain the 1267 regime as an effective UN sanctions regime, or whether it is prepared to give up the 1267 regime to maintain the authority it interprets to have from the UN Charter.


Individual authentication increases in importance as network technology advances. IC passport, SIM card and ID card used in entering and leaving management systems are dependent on a cryptography circuit for keeping their security. LSI chips used there usually include cryptography circuits and encrypt/decrypt important data such as ID numbers and electronic money information. However, there is a threat that a secret key may be retrieved from the cryptography LSI chip. Recently, side-channel attacks against a cryptosystem LSI has been reported (Boneh et al., 1997; Brier et al., 2004; Kocher, 1996; Kocher el al., 1999; Schramm el al., 2003). For example, scan-based side-channel attacks which retrieve secret keys in a cryptography LSI have attracted attention over the five years. A scan path is one of the most important testing techniques, where registers are connected in serial so that they can be controlled and observed directly from outside the LSI. Test efficiency can be increased significantly. On the other hand, one can have register data easily by using a scan path, which implies that one can retrieve a secret key in a cryptography LSI. This is a scan-based side-channel attack.


Clustering is one of the most basic and useful methods of data analysis. This chapter describes a number of powerful clustering models, developed in psychology, for representing objects using data that measure the similarities between pairs of objects. These models place few restrictions on how objects are assigned to clusters,and allow for very general measures of the similarities between objects and clusters.Geometric Complexity Criteria (GCC) are derived for these models, and are used to fit the models to similarity data in a way that balances goodness-of-fit with complexity. Complexity analyses, based on the GCC, are presented for the two most widely used psychological clustering models, known as "additive clustering"and "additive trees"


Gacaca, the local courts in Rwanda, officially closed on 18 June 2012. In this contribution, the legacy of the gacaca courts is studied by looking at what the gacaca courts have achieved or may not have achieved against the objectives it was set up for in the first place from the perspective of genocide survivors. Twenty-eight interviews with genocide survivors provide insight into how changing circumstances (e.g. passing of time, better understanding of the workings of the gacaca courts, improved security situation, increased level of the most basic (material and psychological) needs, and role of teachings about forgiveness on individual and societal reconciliation) may influence the way survivors of international crimes evaluate gacaca. In the second part of this article, the question of how to move on now that gacaca courts have officially closed down is discussed, including the still unresolved issue of reparation to genocide survivors.


Image edge information is essentially one of the most significant information in an image, which can describe the target outline, its relative position within the target area, and other important information. Edge detection is one of the most important process in image processing, and the detection results directly affects the image analysis. Traditional edge detection algorithms are accomplished through detecting the maximum value of the first derivative or zero crossing of the second derivative. Though it seems the representative first order differential operators have known advantages like simple computation, speed and ease of implementation, they are more sensitive to noise and their detection effect are not perfect in most engineering application. Schemes for counterfeit detection has been continuously evolving through various techniques and algorithms run on machines and devices. This paper presents image enhancement and image sensing through the use of Canny Edge Technology. Moreover, counterfeit detection on selected Philippine banknotes was achieved by incorporating a distinct security feature known as Optically Variable Device (OVD) patch, as an improvement to the traditional three-way detection of bills (watermark, security thread, see-through marks)A MATLAB GUI program was developed that acquired and processed the image through Canny Edge Technology. The Canny Edge algorithm proved a robust method in detecting fake bills through OVD security features, revealing statistically significant detection proportion under a 5% level of significant for the four cases under test.


Objective To analyze retrospectively the hemoglobin and its correlation with NYHA - class in patients with chronic heart failure.Methods A total of 246 CHF patients who were treated in hospital.The patients were accorded with NYHA cardiac functional grading with a history of heart failure for at least 12 months.The patients who could induce secondary anemia were excluded.Less than 120 g/L hemoglobin indicated anemia.Cardiac function was diagnosed with HYHA cardiac functional grading.It was concluded thatⅠclass andⅡclass represented mild heart failure;Ⅲclass andⅣclass represented severe heart failure.The original effective test result of hemoglobin in 246 patients were gained.The test data was disposed statistically with SPSS 11.0 software(P 0.05).Results The prevalence of CHF patients(Ⅲclass andⅣclass) was significantly higher them that in the mild CHF patients(Ⅰclass andⅡclass).The less the hemoglobin level,the higher the cardiac functional grading.Conclusion The degree of anemia is closely associated with the severity of chronic heart failure.


All-inside double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is a technique that requires attention to the details of several steps. The technique is based on performing the steps of all-inside ACL reconstruction first for the posterolateral ACL bundle and then again for the anteromedial bundle. Thus, the technique may be considered as the all-inside × 2 technique. Double-bundle ACL reconstruction more closely reproduces the normal 2-bundle anatomy of the ACL. All-inside × 2 double-bundle ACL reconstruction allows for independent anteromedial and posterolateral bundle tensioning to mimic normal ACL biomechanics. In addition, all-inside × 2 is a minimally invasive modification of ACL reconstruction in which full-graft bone tunnels are eliminated in favor of sockets on both the femoral and tibial sides. Thus, all-inside × 2 results in a potential for less patient pain, improved cosmesis, and faster recovery. This article describes in detail the all-inside × 2 ACL reconstruction technique.


ECENT YEARS have seen a burst of effort by political scientists to close the research gap in the analysis of the dynamics of legislative action. Much of their effort has been directed toward a better understanding of the political decision-maker and the influences which shape his decisions. This study has been undertaken to ascertain what factors state legislators perceive as affecting the decisions which they make. These factors were isolated during extended personal interviews which sought answers to the following questions: What effect does personal background or career development have on the legislator's choices? What degree of influence is exercised by his constituents or key community leaders? Is he subject to the persuasion of his political party or the governor? Do his decisions reflect the desires of interest groups or lobbyists who have access to him? Does his daily contact with fellow legislators have an effect on his choice of alternatives? Shortly after the 35th session of the Idaho Legislature adjourned in 1959, 96 of the 103 members were interviewed in their homes or places of work. All interviews were conducted by the author. With few exceptions the reception of the interviewer was friendly, as was the interview itself, and the respondents were cooperative. The key questions designed to elicit the respondents' perception of decision-making stimuli were open-ended and the responses quite varied. Where structured answers were offered, the fact has been noted in the text. Because of the restricted number of interviews and the heterogeneity of the answers to the open-ended questions, it would be impractical to subject them to the usual tests of statistical significance, and I have relied instead on simple percentage distributions to indicate the degree to which any set of answers represented the total interview group. The men and women in any legislative body are subject, as are all persons, to the influence of their own environmental conditions and experiences. Their perception of the issues which require their consideration is often determined by their personal backgrounds and political careers. Decisions reached by some of them reflect individual occupations, social status, religious affiliations, group associations, and educational levels. Their decisions in legislative affairs sometimes are determined by whichever of these experiences is uppermost in their minds at the time of action. Recent Idaho legislatures have been characterized by a high rate of member-


This study aims at systematizing a conceptual framework of sustainability in project management oriented to success. A systematic literature review was used, merging as bibliographic and methodological approaches. The sample was extracted from the databases (ISI Web of Knowledge, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Scielo). The results present the systematization of the literature and a conceptual framework that contributes to the study of sustainability with economic, environmental and social perspectives in project management oriented to success.


The present invention determines a plurality of heart rate, relates to a pulse oximeter for selecting between a plurality of heart rate based on just only one of the heart rate calculation. The first heart rate calculation method is selected, unless the accuracy of the metric is suspect, the first heart rate calculation method is used. If the accuracy of the metric is suspect, alternative heart rate calculation is available, is used instead. In one embodiment, the first heart rate calculation method is not using a set averaged waveform, alternative heart rate calculation, using ensemble average waveform.


The pore distribution in cement mortar, which is highly related to compressive strength and permeability, vary with water-cement ratios and curing periods. This study used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to observe the pore distribution. Compressive strength tests, the rapid chloride-ion permeability test, and electrical resistivity tests were performed to determine the influence of pore distribution on durability. The results reveal that lower water-cement ratios and longer curing periods contributes to fewer pores in mortar specimens. SEM images illustrated how this may be influenced by the rate at which the hydration product, C-S-H colloids, is generated. In addition, the results of durability testing indicate that porosity and compressive strength, total charge passed, and resistivity display linear relationships, as porosity increases, the total charge passed increases, resistivity decreases, and compressive strength declines. The linear regression determined that the R2 of all relationships exceeded 0.90, thereby demonstrating the feasibility of applying MRI to assess the durability of concrete.


Alfa-Methoxypolyethylene glycol-omega-amine has been prepared in three steps. The corresponding N-(polyethylene glycol-omega-yl)-11-aminoundecanamides have been prepared from alfa-methoxypolyethylene glycol-omega-amine and starpolyethylene glycol-omega-amine. The reactivity of N-(alfa-methoxypolyethylene glycol-omega-yl)-11-aminoudecanamide with phenylalanine N-carboxanhydride has been studied. All of the prepared compounds and the intermediates have been characterized by means of 1H NMR spectroscopy.


This research aims to examine the effectiveness of MoU Box 1974 in exercising the traditional fishing rights conferred on Indonesian traditional fishermen in which some of them are from East Nusa Tenggara. This research belongs to normative legal research-a library study centering on the norms of law. The data used in this research was secondary data. The research shows that MoU Box 1974 has acknowledged the fishing traditional rights conferred on the Indonesian traditional fishermen in the Austral Ocean. However, MoU Box
1974 becomes ineffective following the Agreed Minutes 1989 which apparently has restricted the division of fishing areas. After the Agreed Minutes 1989 was enacted as the elaboration of MoU Box 1974 many Indonesian traditional fishermen were arrested, prosecuted and imprisoned. This fact shows that MoU Box 1974 is unsuited for this period anymore. Hence, MoU Box 1974 needs to be reexamined.


Absolute war, total war, world revolution: the nature and scale of the global conflicts that took place around 1800 have been explored (and contested) both at the time and ever since, and recent scholarship has begun to resituate the literary, visual, and theatrical art of the period within this landscape of perpetual conflict. Opera historians, though, have until recently largely steered clear of the operatic mediation of war beyond its most local manifestations. My article returns to the subject of opera and war, to reflect on how an expanded understanding of wartime, in reaching beyond the actual war event (Favret, 2010. War at a Distance: Romanticism and the Making of Modern Wartime. Princeton: Princeton University Press), can provide new insights into the recent scholarly work on opera's transnational mobility (and malleability), its articulation of modernity and its framing of cross-cultural encounters.


The title compound, C7H6N2O4, is approximately planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.026 Å for the 13 non-H atoms). The molecular structure is stabilized by intramolecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, which generate S(6) ring motifs. In the crystal, molecules are linked via intermolecular N—H⋯O, O—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds into a three-dimensional network.


Moduli fields with Planck-suppressed couplings to light species are common in string compactifications. Decays of these moduli can reheat the universe at a late time and produce dark matter non-thermally. For generic moduli fields motivated by string theory with masses similar to that of the gravitino and TeV-scale superpartners in the minimal supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM), the non-thermal production of the lightest superpartner (LSP) tends to create an unacceptably large relic density or too strong of an indirect detection signal. We call this the moduli-induced LSP problem of the MSSM. In this paper we investigate extensions of the MSSM containing new LSP candidates that can alleviate this tension. We examine the viability of this scenario in models with light Abelian and non-Abelian hidden sectors, and symmetric or asymmetric dark matter. In these extensions it is possible, though somewhat challenging, to avoid a moduli-induced LSP problem. In all but the asymmetric scenario, the LSP can account for only a small fraction of the observed dark matter density.


Abstract : This Note investigates the relationship between people's visual-spatial ability and their global strategies for learning maps. The results are based on experiments in which 25 subjects differing in spatial restructuring and visual memory abilities provided verbal protocols while attempting to learn maps. These protocols suggested a number of strategies that subjects used to approach the learning problem. Three strategies structured the learning task of successful map learners by providing algorithms for systematically focusing attention on various subsets of map information. Unsuccessful map learners adopted other or no strategies. Subjects high in visual-spatial ability tended to adopt these attention-focusing strategies, while most low-ability subjects used no systematic strategy. (Author)


In the arena of language teaching, discourse analysis provides both the teachers and learners with adequate and practical knowledge, as well as, makes learners linguistically efficient. In this paper achievement of language competence is highlighted over the efficiency of communicative competence. We aim at focusing on majoring learner's level of competence in using language by showing command over four skills of target language. From the perspective of linguistic competence only achieving the communicative competence should not be the goal of SLA classroom. In this research paper it is depicted how the teachers adopt the techniques of discourse analysis to propel the students' motivation in using the target language as a conceptual whole. This paper confidently argues in favor of teaching language as a linguistic phenomenon which is the primal proof of communicative competence. Functional and notional usage of target language can guarantee a rate of success that is manageable at an optimum better to say minimum level. As language is absolutely a social and psychological phenomenon, so the ultimate reach of learning a language should be authentically justified from the point of view of gaining soul command over structural ,as well as, conceptual meaning of the target language.


It's time to sound the alarm. The number and consequences of corporate data breaches are growing by leaps and bounds. People often see data breaches as an information technology problem. But the fallout often affects the finance function. And while stolen consumer information gets the most publicity, sensitive employee and business partner data has also been stolen.

The authors reveal the technological, legal, and market forces causing the growth of data breaches. They also explore the impact of these breaches, as well as current legal moves to address the problem. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Quaterrylene thin films were grown on a SiO2 surface at an ultralow flux rate using a vacuum deposition technique with a hot wall cell, and their detailed growth process was investigated. We discuss the influence of growth parameters such as substrate temperature, flux rate of molecules, and film thickness. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) observations revealed the presence of two different phases:  one with a layered structure and the other with a fibrous structure. X-ray diffractometry (XRD) clarified the orientation of the molecules in each phase, which were lying down in the fibrous structure and standing up in the layered one. The fibrous structure appeared on the surface of the underlying layered structure at low substrate temperature and high flux rate, showing that the phase was formed under nonequilibrium conditions. On the other hand, the layered structure with an upright orientation grew consistently under equilibrium conditions of high substrate temperature and low flux rate. Next, the initial gr...


The chaotic phenomenon in an MESFET oscillator is clarified in this paper. By theoretical analysis, the dominant parameters affecting accuracy and stability are identified. The experimental results of the chaotic phenomenon are in agreement with simulated predictions. With this novel analysis, the performance of an RF receiver can be improved


This paper presents a modelling method useful in the education process for the study of DC-DC power conversion principles using pulse width modulation converters. In this paper, the pr ...


The rate constants for quenching of the B states of HgBr and HgI by the rare gases and simple halogenated molecules have been measured. The experimental approach consisted of photodissociating either HgBr2 or HgI2 (in the presence of the desired quenching gas) and recording the subsequent radiative decay of the HgX (X=Br or I) excited‐state population. The large rate constant determined for two‐body destruction of HgBr (B) by Hg (1.3×10−10 cm3 sec−1) and bromine donors (Br2 : 5.5×10−10 cm3 sec−1) enhances the attractiveness of HgBr lasers pumped by dissociative excitation of HgBr2.


The paper analyzes the development and regulatory conditions of the network lending in foreign countries, summarizes the present situation of domestic network lending, points out the existing problems, and puts forward related suggestions such as perfecting network lending industry self-discipline and external supervision and so on.


IN THE LATE 1990S, nine coordinated care trials took place across Australia. Their overall aim was to test whether multidisciplinary care planning and service coordination improved health and wellbeing for people with chronic health conditions or complex care needs within existing resources. 1 A recent review of studies of outreach nursing, which has features in common with coordinated care, found increased costs and no reduction in hospitalisation, but slight improvements in quality of life. 2 In the South Australian trial, Health-Plus, 3 one of eight components was the Western Respiratory Project. Its aims included: ■ sharing of care between hospital-based specialists, general practitioners, and other community-based healthcare practitioners (including domiciliary care, Royal District Nursing Service) in a community-based approach, with GPs central to the planning and monitoring of prospective care; ■ pooling of federal and state health funds to provide efficient healthcare service delivery and enhance patient care with similar or reduced overall healthcare system costs; and ■ producing evidence on the change in health outcomes as a result of the changes in healthcare delivery. METHODS 1.Methods Design Recruitment began in July 1997 and continued until September 1998. Follow up ended in December 1999. Patients were recruited from the western (intervention group) and northern (comparison group) suburbs of Adelaide, in collaboration with the Adelaide western and northern Divisions of General Practice. The geographical comparison region was selected pre-hoc on the basis of previous surveys 4 as the region of Adelaide that best matches the socio-demographic features of the western ABSTRACT Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of coordinated care for chronic respiratory disease. Design and setting: Community-based geographical control study, in western (intervention) and northern (comparison) metropolitan Adelaide (SA). Intervention: Coordinated care (includes care coordinator, care guidelines, service coordinator and care mentor). Main outcome measures: Hospital admissions (any, unplanned and respiratory), functionality (activities of daily living) and quality of life (SF-36 and Dartmouth COOP). Results: At entry to the study, intervention and comparison subjects were dissimilar. The intervention group was 10 years older (P < 0.001), less likely to smoke (P = 0.014), had higher rates of hospitalisation in the previous 12 months (P < 0.001) and had worse self-reported quality of life (SF-36 physical component summary score [P < 0.001] and four of nine COOP domains [P = 0.002–0.013]). After adjustment for relevant baseline characteristics, coordinated care was not associated with any difference in hospitalisation, but was associated with some …


As remote sensing sensors and data systems become more complex, the need for a simple, meaningful index becomes essential in applications. It is also a key component to any successful data product distribution to create equivalent outputs when compared to past sensor capabilities. This continuity of data and traditional indices will become more important with the approaching Landsat gap and after the next-generation of the earth observation sensors are placed in orbit. The Tasseled Cap Transform (TCT) is a practical vegetative index and spectral enhancement and has been adapted to other multispectral sensors; most notability, the TM, ETM+ and ASTER. Unfortunately, there have been modifications to the Tasseled Cap derivation presented in literature that have created confusion regarding the transform and the proper orientation of the defined feature space. The TCT coefficients for DigitalGlobe's QuickBird 2 (QB) sensor were derived using three different techniques, each based on the original description of the Tasseled Cap defined feature space. All three techniques achieved nearly the same results. The method based on the Gram-Schmidt Orthogonalization method was the most useful with the QB sensor. This derivation technique was used to create the final reported set of Tasseled Cap coefficients for the 11-bit, DRA-off QB product.


The investigation of the thermal behavior of calcium fructoborate samples of composition Ca(C6H10O6BO)2.3.5H 2O showed that CaB2O4 is generated as the final solid pyrolysis residue. On the basis of these observations a new, very easy, synthetic procedure for the preparation of high purity samples of this calcium borate is proposed. The material was characterized by X ray powder diffractometry and IR spectroscopy.


A novel ytterbium(III) trifluoromethanesulfonate [Yb(OTf)3]‐catalyzed ring‐opening C(sp3)−N bond formation reaction of benzoxazole with propargylic alcohols was established. This reaction uses readily available starting materials and is operationally simple; it thus represents a practical method for the construction of highly functionalized substituted benzenes bearing aldehyde, propargylamine, and hydroxy groups with high atom economy.


Two versions of the RLS algorithm suitable for fixed-point implementation are proposed. A brief analysis concerning the convergence properties and the finite precision effects is performed. The simulation results show superior performances of these algorithms in the context of fixed-point implementation.


The availability and distribution pattern of marine fishery resources In India follow a pattern typical of tropical waters. The fishery resource is constituted by a large variety of species (nearly 15-70 species of fin fishes;
and about 1000 species of shell fishes) coexisting in the same fishing ground. The mum-species fishery comprises of over 200 commercially important finfish and shellfish species.


The data for this study were collected during preservice elementary teachers' implementation of an oral history project that focused on the Civil Rights movement. Oral history projects utilize current historical methodologies that encourage teachers to learn how to develop instruction that will help children refine their knowledge, skills, and perspectives as historical researchers. This study involved seven college seniors who were preservice teachers enrolled in an elementary social studies methods course. They selected the topic of the Civil Rights movement for an oral history project, and expressed willingness to participate in the study and undertake interviews which would provide firsthand experiences and information related to the Civil Rights movement. Six of the participants were African Americans and one was a Caucasian. The seven pre-service teachers each interviewed their grandparents, all of whom were individuals in their seventies who had lived during the time of the Civil Rights movement. The procedure for the study involved the students first researching the Civil Rights movement, focusing on the concepts articulated in the Georgia performance standard, and then generating open-ended interview questions and conducting interviews with family members who had personal lived experience with the topic. After completing the interviews, the students analyzed the results by comparing the information they had previously acquired during the research phase of the project with the information they obtained during the interview. After this analysis, the students converted the information from the interviews into a narrative written from a first person perspective, as if their interviewee was telling the story. In order to personalize the acquired Introduction


Abstract Ballet is a popular activity among girls and women and is becoming increasingly visible within popular and fitness cultures. Much dance research has focused on the experiences of professional ballet dancers and on professional, elite, or university settings. Furthermore, ballet is often critiqued as a disciplinary practice and for celebrating an unrealistic bodily aesthetic. However, less research has focused on the experiences of recreational dancers and examined the specific material practices that discipline ballet bodies. Therefore, this qualitative research project examines the experiences of recreational ballet dancers in Western Canada and interrogates the practices that occur within one recreational ballet studio. Specifically, we draw upon Foucault's concept of anatomo-political power to study how the organisation of time and space is used to train ballet bodies and how dancers participate in power relations. We describe how the recreational ballet studio can act as both a space of discipline and respite for adolescent girls and illustrate how dancers actively initiate their own creative uses of time and space to create important relationships and develop and demonstrate physical skill. We conclude by re-examining the concept of docility in relation to ballet and consider the value of ballet as a physical cultural practice.


A solid, bismuth (Bi), disk, electrode is used to determine lead (Pb) in natural waters including seawater. The diffusion layer thickness was lowered from 93 to 29 µm by stirring, and to 18 µm by using the vibrated version of the Bi electrode. The Bi electrode does not require removal of dissolved oxygen, which facilitates in situ detection. The electrode was tested for the determination of Pb in coastal seawater samples. The detection limit for Pb was 0.15 nM in acetate buffer and 0.5 nM in seawater using a 2 min deposition time. Cadmium can be determined together with Pb but the sensitivity is about 10×lower. The Bi electrode compares unfavourably to a mercury electrode in terms of sensitivity.


We need to learn not to listen to Satan and his demons but, instead, listen only to God. Thus, we can become a perfected cistern.


The article is devoted to the historical and legal preconditions for the formation of the right Yerevan city status. The first document establishes the legal status of Yerevan, the author calls cuneiform Erebuni Fortress. According to G. Tiratsyana, Yerevan was the center of one of the administrative-territorial units in the Iranian Achaemenid period. The works of a number of historiographers allow the author to assert that in the 7th century as a result of the approval of the domination of the Arab Caliphate, the legal status of the city Yerevan has changed significantly. After the 12th century the city acquired the status of Yerevan, driven by a council of elders. In the 15th century, as the author of the article, the city became the center of governorship covering most of Ararat world. Yerevan later passed it under Iranian domination, then under the domination of the Sultan of Turkey. In connection with this change in the form of city management. In the XIX century, after the capture of the Imperial Russia of the Eastern Armenia was founded by Armenian region, which was carried out by a board of representatives from the Governor-General. The article described in detail the administrative apparatus of Yerevan City Council, in this period, in the years of the First Republic of Armenia, when at the legislative level were created basis for the organization of local self-government, independent from the center, but realized those rules were not in connection with the occupation of the Armenian Bolshevik Russia. The article describes the Soviet model of governance, which lasted until 1995. 1995 Constitution Yerevan received the status of the region, which involved government. In parallel, the local government was carried out in the district communities. This model has survived to the constitutional amendments of 2005. When Yerevan became a community. This required the implementation of a citywide system of local government. The article highlighted seven main stages of development of the legal status of the city of Yerevan.


Titanium alloys have found increased applications in various industrial sectors. One of the critical issues in quality control is the weld penetration during welding. In the present paper, tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding was used to weld 8.0-mm thick Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates with and without an activating flux. The effect of the activating flux on Ti alloy welding was investigated. A data acquisition system was used to monitor the welding current and voltage signals during welding. These signals were then correlated to the weld penetration information. Results show that by applying the activating flux on the Ti-6Al-4V alloy surface, weld penetration depth increases, while the corresponding weld bead width is reduced. It was also found that various welding conditions, particularly flux thickness, influence the effectiveness of the activating flux. Results from monitoring of the welding current and voltage signals reveal that there is a clear correlation between the signals and the weld penetration. By analyzing the acquired signals, inconsistency in weld penetration can be identified. This demonstrates that process monitoring can provide an effective way to assess the consistency of the weld penetration and thus the quality of the welds.Copyright © 2007 by ASME


Objective To analyze the anatomical distribution of lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT) after primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and total hip arthroplasty (THA).Methods Data of 272 patients with lower extremity DVT confinned by venography after TKA and THA performed from June 2007 to May 2012 in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed.There were 110 cases in TKA group and 162 cases in THA group.The anatomical distribution of lower extremity DVT after TKA and THA was analyzed and compared.Results In TKA group,there were 10 cases of central DVT,6 cases of mixed DVT,and 94 cases of peripheral DVT.In THA group,there were 3 cases of central DVT,19 cases of mixed DVT,and 140 cases of peripheral DVT.There was a significant difference between two groups in the distribution of DVT.In all DVT patients,intramuscular veins were involved most frequently (71.0%,193/272),followed by posterior tibial veins (36.0%,98/272),peroneal veins (31.3%,85/272),anterior tibial veins (8.8%,24/272),popliteal veins (8.8%,24/272),and iliofemoral veins (7.4%,20/272).For patients with peripheral DVT,the isolated DVT was more frequent in THA group,while multiple DVT was more common in TKA group,and the differences were significant between two groups.No isolated DVT was found in anterior tibial veins.In patients with multiple DVT,the thrombi were commonly found in two or three of posterior tibial veins,peroneal veins and intramuscular veins.Conclusion There is a significant difference in the anatomical distribution of DVT after TKA and THA.

Key words:
Venous thrombosis;  Phlebography;  Arthroplasty, replacement


Consider optical coherence tomography as an adjunct to visualize the membrane of a carotid web, the extent of the web, and aid in placement of a carotid stent.


In this paper we provide a general framework based on δN formalism to estimate the cosmological observables pertaining to the cosmic microwave background radiation for non-separable potentials, and for generic end of inflation boundary conditions. We provide analytical and numerical solutions to the relevant observables by decomposing the cosmological perturbations along the curvature and the isocurvature directions, instead of adiabatic and entropy directions. We then study under what conditions large bi-spectrum and tri-spectrum can be generated through phase transition which ends inflation. In an illustrative example, we show that large fNL ~ (80) and τNL ~ (20000) can be obtained for the case of separable and non-separable inflationary potentials.


Pesticide resistance by mosquitoes is of growing concern as mosquito-borne diseases are spreading globally, seemingly unchecked. Besides a new formulation of Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis, no new pesticides have been deployed to combat adult mosquitoes in several decades. Fortunately new research by several scientific groups have successfully investigated volatile plant oils, long known to have repellent and insecticide qualities. We discuss a new plant volatile infused honey bait that can be used in water to control larvae or used as a spray or placed in bait applicators to control adult Aedes aegypti, an important vector of several arboviruses, including dengue, Chikungunya, yellow fever and Zika. The volatile infused honey bait was effective in killing larvae and adult mosquitoes within 24 hours. The efficacy of the toxic volatiles was prolonged in the toxic honey bait, even after one month of environmental exposure.


Although certain technical and economic issues remain to be clarified, passive solar market development is increasingly dependent upon communications such as information dissemination, education, training and promotional activities. Target audiences are identified as both recipients and disseminators of passive solar communications. Form and quality of information are discussed in terms of the stages of an innovation adoption decision-making process. Several communication-related barriers which impede the commercialization of passive solar are discussed and general information and education responses are suggested. The paper ends with a statement of precepts which should guide passive solar communication programs.


Systematic synthesis of digital signal processing (DSP) data format converter architectures using the minimum number of registers is addressed. Systematic lifetime analysis is used to calculate the minimum number of registers needed for the converter. A novel forward-backward register allocation technique is proposed for the synthesis of the converter; this allocation technique requires less area for the implementation of control circuits than a simpler forward-circulate allocation scheme. Furthermore, the forward-backward allocation scheme guarantees completion and sustains the interframe pipelining rate, whereas the forward-circulate scheme does not guarantee completion of the allocation. Examples of data format converters studied include matrix transposers, and a general (m, d/sub 1/) to (n, d/sub 2/)(w) converter, which processes m words and d/sub 1/ bits per word in one input cycle and outputs n words and d/sub 2/ bits per word in each output cycle. >


Table 1. Effect of BA sprays on subsequent shoot emergence of asparagus seedlings from 26 Nov. to 21 Dec. 1990 (10 to 35 days after spraying). The progressive emergence of asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) spears is caused by apical dominance shoot inhibition. Applied cytokinins may affect apical dominance by releasing lateral shoot buds from inhibition (Philips, 1969). Applying kinetin directly to buds induced axillary shoot stimulation in poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd.) (Milbocker, 1972) and branching in Kalanchoe tormentosa Bak. (Lyons and Hale, 1987). N-(phenylmethyl)-lH-purine-6-amine (benzyladenine, BA) also released axillary apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) buds from correlative inhibition (Green and Autio, 1989). Field drenching asparagus crowns with BA at 25 and 50 mg·liter reduced spear emergence and yield (Benson, 1970). Soaking 1-year-old crowns in BA at 200 mg·liter did not affect asparagus bud inhibition (unpublished data); however, the effects of applying BA to asparagus ferns have not been reported previously. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of foliar BA applications on shoot emergence and growth of potted asparagus seedlings outdoors. 'Mary Washington', 'UC 157 F1 ', and 'UC 157 F2' asparagus cultivars were grown outdoors on benches in 25 × 25 × 20-cm (height and upper and lower diameters) black pots containing a 3 peatmoss : 1 perlite : 1 vermiculite (by volume) soilless medium with a pH of 6.2. Three seeds were planted per pot on 18 July 1990. Seedlings were thinned to one plant per pot. During the growing period, the plants were fertilized monthly with 10 g of l0N-4.5P-8.3K granular formulation per pot and watered as needed. After 4 months (16


. Forests dominated by Fagus (beech) occur widely in the Northern Hemisphere. Tree species dominant together with beech vary in tolerance of understorey conditions. They are deciduous broad-leaved, evergreen broad-leaved or evergreen coniferous. The frequency and intensity of events that reduce the forest canopy cover are important determinants of the ratio of beech to other species in the canopy. For trees in the understorey and the canopy, stem diameter growth rate is determined by light regime and growing space which in turn are determined by canopy cover. We evaluated increase in stem diameter growth rate as an indicator of sudden reductions in canopy cover and canopy dynamics. We used tree-ring chronologies and calculated an index of growth rate increase (GI) to compare the canopy dynamics of 11 natural beech forests. Per site, the annual average value of GI poorly reflected the effects of dry or cool summers, and it clearly reflected events like tornados and hurricanes that removed substantial canopy cover. Among groups of sites average values of GI were significantly different. In the sites with a lower level of average GI, the establishment of the more shade tolerant tree and shrub species in the understorey was favoured, and subcanopy layers became more dense. On the other hand, higher levels of average GI allowed for more light demanding tree species to reach the canopy.


Introduction: The evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic varies in each population;it has been complicating health systems worldwide Objective: to analyze the evolution of the Covid-19 pandemic, estimating the effect of the containment measures practiced in Peru Material and Method: The SIR epidemiological mathematical modeling was applied, estimating the COVID-19 evolution in our population Data analysis was performed following the SIR mathematical model with defined ordinary differential equations to simulate epidemiological behavior;and it was executed in the RStudio programming language Results: Containment measures decreased the propagation rate, reducing 30% of infected cases until the peak day of infection;however, it is still above the effective reproductive number to control the epidemic and it shows an erratic trend, the result of government actions being 61% in the practice of containment measures Conclusions: Containment measures are necessary if strategies are considered to make their role effective in our population


Carbon dioxide hydrogenation on support-free nickel model catalysts was investigated by means of a time-resolved quantitative analysis of chemical transients triggered by abrupt changes in the reactant partial pressures. It was found that carbon dioxide adsorption is strongly affected by the presence of hydrogen and by coadsorption effects and thus influences the reaction rate in the buildup and back transients. The observed transients suggest that two reaction mechanisms operate in parallel, which is consistent with previous results obtained using a Ni single-crystal termination. The initial reaction rate involves fast direct hydrogenation of CO2, whereas the rate under steady-state conditions is lower due to a change in the mechanism involving an oxygen-containing intermediate.


EVER since the Manchurian incident, Japanese foreign policy has been ? reaping the world's condemnation. Unlike an individual, a nation cannot admit itself in error; so Japan's only answer has been to tell herself that her judges are wrong and she is right. To strengthen this contention she has built up the belief that she acts from the purest motives which her fellow nations willfully misunderstand. The more they disapprove, the more adamant grows Japan's conviction that she is right. This conviction of righteousness, and its corollary, the feeling of being mis understood, finds daily expression in the speech and press of the country. An example is the following passage from an editorial on the Ethiopian conflict: "There must be some reasons that justify Italy in attempting to solve the Ethiopian situation by force, but Premier Mussolini seems to have been mis understood by the other Powers. . . . Our country went through bitter ex periences as a result of such misunderstanding at the time of the Manchurian Incident. . . . The world attributed that Incident to the Japanese military and denounced it harshly. This was the outcome of lack of correct knowledge about the situation on the part of the other Powers."1 Not only are other nations delinquent in understanding. The next most fre quent charge made against them by the Japanese is that they fail to show sincerity. An instance is the stand Japan takes concerning her refusal to sign a non-aggression pact with the Soviet Union. She justifies her position by carry ing the attack into the enemy camp. "The Soviet Union is laboring under a mistaken notion about Japan," says an Army spokesman. "If they really want peace in the Far East they should show us the sincerity of their intentions . . . before seeking to conclude a non-aggression pact with this country."2 Injured innocence is an attitude which Japan frequently assumes in answer to foreign disapproval. Last summer when the League Council adopted a reso lution condemning Germany's denunciation of the Versailles Treaty, the Soviet delegate suggested that a similar resolution might be applied to the Far East. A Japanese editorial on the subject stated: "It is clear that the Soviet representative had Japan in mind," and then asked blandly, "Has Japan done anything in contravention of international treaties?"3 Needless to note, the editorial made no mention of the Nine-Power Treaty. Again, Japan points with fine indignation at one of her foreign critics who, during the Man churian Incident "went so far as to charge Japan with occupying Chinese territory?"4


A composite nano-class antibacterial agent contains nano-zinc oxide and nano-Ag, and is prepared through proportionally dissolving zinc sulfate (or nitrate) in solvent, stirring while dripping solution of ammonium dicarbonate for reaction, stirring, dripping the solution of silver nitrate and ammonium dicarbonate, stirring, washing, centrifugal separation to obtain the precursors of nano-Ag and nano-zinc oxide, vacuum drying and sintering.


A six-week long intervention that introduced second graders to poetry writing is described in this article, ending in a classroom "poetry cafe" culminating event. This article details the established classroom "writing workshop" structure and environment and the perceptions and observations of how students responded to the instruction. Four poetry writing minilessons on rhymed verse, repetition, alliteration, onomatopoeia, and collaborative poetry are highlighted. Poetry trade books were used as models. An intervention used to meet the needs of a struggling writer is explained. Finally, the article showcases the celebratory "Kovalcik Cafe" where second graders read aloud their published works to family and friends.


In recent twenty years, the development of metalinguistic awareness in foreign language learning got a lot of attention. Syntactic awareness is a kind of important metalinguistic awareness, the development of learners' syntactic awareness is significant to improve foreign language study. Contrast between languages is one of the best ways to develop syntactic awareness.


The application of artificial neural network to acoustic emission testing is reviewed and its development trend is forecast. Description is also given on the basic principle of artificial neural network and its applications with some case studies.


We investigated the phylogenetic position of Ellopostoma based on nuclear sequence data (RAG-1 gene). Ellopostoma is a member of the superfamily Cobitoidea (loaches) of Cypriniformes, but does not belong to any of the currently recognised families. It represents an independent lineage, recognised as a distinct new family Ellopostomatidae, characterized by a squarish and oblique snout, a minute protrusible mouth, a single pair of barbels, large eyes and 35-38 pharyngeal teeth.


The study deals with the problem of professional training of future specialists at technical universities. The professional training is considered as a system process of purposeful personal changes during learning for realizing a full-fledged subjective position by students during their life. The use of a new intellectual and activity paradigm in the educational and information environment of a technical university has contributed to the formation of a certain type of future specialist's consciousness, that has to perform the future professional activity in the best possible manner based on the reflexive approach and the implementation of the model of future specialist development in the educational and information environment of a technical university. The identification of the urgent issues of future specialists' professional training has confirmed the researchers' opinion that the psychological component has been practically excluded from the learning activity of the modern educational system, and this has led to the loss of a motivational component in obtaining a high-quality education; the lack of student's self-criticism; students' inability to identify and solve psychological problems of interpersonal relationships while learning. Therefore, the subjective characteristics of the student's personality (personality development and needs, motives, goals) have to become the system-forming conditions for creating the model of students' personal and professional development based on the reflexive approach in dynamic synergistic space with active (rigid and flexible) feedbacks. The main conceptual idea of the study is that instant identification and awareness by teachers and students of the real psychological tendencies taking place during studying, as well as the use of the corrective measures for the factors that destructively affect students' learning activity and professional development, will facilitate combining the perspectives of personal and professional development, improving the efficiency and effectiveness of learning and their professional development while implementing the personal trajectory of life-long learning success


Conceptualizing secession as a final stage in the process of schism highlights the significance of considering the organizational context within which the angry church member decides whether to exit or remain loyal. Etzioni said that beyond techniques which internalize the authority's directives as legitimate, there is little a church can do to gain compliance from a deviant group. The paper examines this contention by use of Wilson's proposition that schism is a dialectical process which grows through the exacerbation of conflict between authorities and the minority group. We develop a model for analysis of the formation of secessionist congregations within the Episcopal Church's diocesan boundaries following a schism predicated on the issues of women's ordination and Book of Common Prayer revision. Four case studies are qualitatively analyzed. Findings suggest the Pastoral Bishop, as opposed to a Prophetic or Administrative Bishop, functions as a factor minimizing the likelihood of secession. Can a church avoid losing members when threatened by schism? Just because a schism occurs, does that mean its effects will be felt uniformly throughout the denomination? One of the most acrimonious church conflicts in recent decades occurred in the Protestant Episcopal Church in the U.S.A. (PECUSA) over the issues of ordination of women to the priesthood and revision of the Book of Common Prayer. There was schism. Some dioceses saw numbers of secessionist congregations formed within their boundaries. Yet other dioceses were able to retain the loyalty of members who chose not to exit but to remain in spite of disagreement with denominational policy. One factor which made the difference in a diocese's retaining or losing members was the type of bishop, i.e., whether he was "prophetic," "pastoral," or "administrative." This paper reports an analysis of this difference. It presents a conceptual model useful in understanding secession as it occurs within the process of schism, identifying one condition under which the schismatic process is more or less likely to run its course. That condition is the type of leader personified in the bishop. Most literature on religious conflict views schism as proceeding through three stages: (1) within a denomination, differences of opinion arise over either goals or how to accomplish goals, (2) these differences of opinion escalate into conflict, and (3) when the conflict is terminated, the losing movement's leadership leaves to establish a new denomination. At this point schism has occurred. I propose adding a fourth stage to the process of schism-the actual formation of secessionist congregations within the new denomination.


In this paper we introduce a unified representation of starlike and convex harmonic functions with negative coefficients, related to uniformly starlike and uniformly convex analytic functions. We obtain extreme points, distortion bounds, convolution conditions and
convex combinations for this family.


Trindade is an oceanic island located ca. 1200 km east of the Brazilian coast with only 65% of its original vegetation cover remaining. Devastation was mainly caused by the presence of goats for a long time. Since goats were eliminated in 2005 the island vegetation is going through a recovering process. However during a visit to the island in 2012 another threat to the vegetation was noted: a Leguminosae species is spreading and killing part of the endemic herbaceous vegetation of Cyperus atlanticus.