There is an ongoing debate about how practitioners understand 'mental disorders' in terms of assessment, formulation and treatment. The current diagnostic procedures are defined by rule-based classifications that largely rely on symptom clusters, such as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of mental disorders (DSM) and the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), and are influenced by the medical model which supports the concept of nosology. Under this notion, psychological difficulties are seen as pathological and, therefore, questions are raised about what is 'normal' and 'abnormal'. The aim of this paper is to make a critique on the use of standard psychopathological classifications in understanding human distress and the example of so-called schizoid personality disorder will be discussed in non-conventional psychiatric terms. Additionally, a formulation-driven approach which derives from the basic tenets of attachment theory will be utilised to understand schizoid personality disorder. Considerations for counselling psychology practice are also discussed in light of an integrative therapeutic framework, which brings together concepts from Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and psychodynamic therapy.The current psychopathological classifications provide a descriptive guidance on labelling symptoms but the limited attention paid on the aetiology of disorders raises important questions. A need for revision of what constitutes a psychiatric 'illness' is apparent and furthermore the inclusion of a formulationdriven approach in the psychopathological manuals can be invaluable as it can offer a heuristic focus in understanding human psychological distress.


The importance of urban areas in regional development has been theo retically discussed in growth pole literature by Perroux (1955), Hansen (1967) and Lasiien (1969); empirically examined by Martin (1978, 1979a, 1979b), Martin and Graham (1980), and Lewis and Prescott (1972); and practically implemented as the basis for economic development policy under the Economic Development Act of 1965. Kuznets (1955, 1963, 1973) and Williamson (1965, 1980) in a similar line of investigation have explored the relationship between income inequality and development. Kuznets first proposed, and Williamson subsequently tested, the hypothesized invertedU pattern of income inequality followed by countries and regions in the course of development. In more recent work, Amos and Greenwade (1981) hypothesize an extension of the inverted-U pattern based upon U.S. state trends in spatial income inequality from 1950 to 1970. The augmented inverted-U follows a pattern of increasing, decreas ing, then once again increasing income inequality, which resembles a sine curve more than a simple inverted-U. The objective of this paper is to investigate the augmented inverted-U hypothesis, within the context of growth poles. Why relatively developed U.S. states have experienced increasing spatial income inequality is essen tially unexplained. Growth pole theory, which emphasizes the importance of urban areas in regional development, offers one explanation for this phenomenon.


The Atmospheric Density Mass Spectrometer (ADMS) which flew onboard the TacSat-2 satellite in 2007 has gathered the first in-situ composition measurements of thermosphere in 25 years. ADMS provides a unique contribution to our understanding of the thermosphere because it provides the only localized source of neutral composition data. O/N2 ratios were accurately derived from the count measurements and compared with the NRLMSIS model. These data have been provided to the Defense Meteorological Support program to support the validation of sensor algorithms for ultraviolet remote sensing applications such as the Special Sensor Ultraviolet Spectrographic Imager (SSUSI). AFRL was also asked to estimate column O/N2 ratios from the ADMS data. One method using the High Accuracy Satellite Drag Model (HASDM) total densities and temperature profiles gave column densities in good agreement with selected passes of the GUVI (Global Ultraviolet Imager) remote ultraviolet limb measurements from the TIMED (Thermopshere-Ionosphere-Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics) satellite.


The purpose of this paper is assessing the reliability of the protection system for a switchyard by fault-tree analysis. Through the fault-tree analysis, one may understand the reliability of the protection system and may obtain the importance of elements influencing reliability by risk reduction worth as well as know where the weakness of the protection system is. Compared with traditional methods (e.g., Markov model and Monte Carlo simulation), the fault-tree analysis requires less computation and includes crisp cause-effect relation. In this paper, a 345 kV switchyard in the 3rd nuclear power plant in Taiwan serves as an example for illustrating the results of the proposed method. From the test result, it was found that the fault-tree analysis can efficiently help power engineers assess the reliability of the protection system.


David Burrumarra died at Elcho Island on October 21, 1994 at the age of 77. His extensive dialogue with the author has been covered in Australian Folklore and elsewhere. This article covers the events and discussions surrounding the elderly Burrumarra's return to what had been his childhood paradise in order to die there. It addresses the differences between the mythic power of the place and the reality of its present appearance. Burrumarra's reaction, and then his decision, opens the way for a reconfiguring and then reinforcement of the myths.


The group Contraceptive Choices defense of the IUD as an appropriate method of fertility control for most women provides a welcome balance to recent adverse publicity that has treated rare complications of IUD use as if they were the norm. The ensuing panic has led to a dramatic reduction in the number of IUDs being fitted in New Zealand and increasing reliance on sterilization. Like the physicians in Contraceptive Choice this writer--who has been fitting IUDs in private practice and kept follow-up records involving 9000 woman-years of use--has found no statistical evidence of infertility in IUD users compared to nonusers. Although more research is needed to determine whether IUD use actually causes or worsens pelvic infection it must be noted that all degrees of such infection are found in women in monogamous relationships who have never worn an IUD. Specific guidelines regarding IUD use such as those set forth by a special committee of the New Zealand Health Department remain essential however. Absolute and relative contraindications for IUD use should be heeded IUD inserters should be specialists in the fitting of these devices and acceptors should be provided with written information about their particular IUD including details of follow-up and time for removal. Until more research is conducted the IUD should not be prescribed to nullipara or women with multiple sexual partners. On the other hand the IUD has an important role to play in fertility regulation particularly in Third World countries.


2031 Background: Testicular GCT rarely causes ESCC. Most GCT metastases respond to CT but ESCC is usually treated with radiation therapy (RT). We investigated the use of CT alone to treat ESCC in these patients. Methods: This retrospective study included all patients with a histological diagnosis of a testicular GCT seen at MSKCC between 1998-2009. Patients with epidural metastasis were identified. Age, race/ethnicity, clinical features, histology, treatment, and outcome were analyzed. Results: There were 1079 patients with a GCT and 21 had ESCC (1.9%). Mean age was 33 years (range 14-59). Six patients had a seminoma and 15 a non-seminomatous GCT. Five patients had ESCC located in the C-spine, 10 in the T-spine, and 5 in the L-spine. The ESCC in 10 patients was treated with CT only. These patients developed ESCC a median of 51 months after initial diagnosis compared to a 73 months interval in those treated with RT and CT. The patient group receiving CT only was similar in their clinical presentation (back...


In a recent paper, Qian et al. (1990) investigated an ion cyclotron wave (ICW) instability and heating of thermal ions in a plasma with a loss cone distribution of hot ions. This study is an extension of a simulation study (Omura et al., 1985) of helium heating in an ICW instability driven by anisotropic hot protons with a bi-Maxwellian distribution. The dependence of the ion heating on the thermal H{sup +}/He{sup +} density ratio is studied by simulation runs with better spatial resolution. In the simulations of the ICW instability, a small percentage of the thermal helium ions are accelerated beyond the theoretical maximum velocity. This is because the excited waves are not exactly monochromatic as assumed in the theory, and a stochastic acceleration takes place in the presence of waves with different wave numbers and frequencies. To confirm that the parallel electric field (Qian et al., 1990, equation (10)) is not operative in the process of parallel heating, the author has performed a computer experiment where the parallel electric field is artificially eliminated from the equation of motion in the hybrid code. He assumed the same parameters of the simulation in the work by Omura et al. (1988). Themore » results shows that the dynamics of the thermal helium ions in the acceleration phase is the same and that the time history of the thermal energy of helium ions is almost identical with the results of Omura et al. (1988). The computer experiment evidently demonstrates that the parallel electric field is not responsible for the parallel heating. As a summary, the interaction of the forward and backward traveling waves plays an important and essential role in the process of parallel heating found in the ICW instability driven by a temperature anisotropy.« less


The maximum gasification rate of corn stalk char (CSC) appeared at high conversion range, and its quite different gasification behaviors from other carbonaceous materials are all derived from the catalytic effect of alkali and alkali earth metals (AAEMs), so it is necessary to study the effect of AAEMs and gasification kinetics of such biomass char. However, there are few systematic discussions about this effect and kinetic modeling. Thus, in this study, CSC samples were prepared in a fast pyrolysis fixed-bed reactor, and its gasification experiments were conducted on a pressurized magnetic suspension balance at various total pressures (0.1–0.7 MPa), steam concentrations (10–70 vol.%) and temperatures (725–900 °C). Moreover, a water-leached CSC (H2O-CSC) was also prepared to evaluate the impact of AAEMs on the gasification performance of CSC, and some well-known models were adopted to describe the gasification behaviors. On the basis of these results, the effect of primary AAEMs on the gasification behaviors of CSC and gasification kinetic modeling were obtained. Results showed total pressure had no obvious influence on the gasification rate of CSC, and the reaction order varied at 0.43–0.55 with respect to steam partial pressures. In addition, the modified random pore model (MRPM) and Langmuir–Hinshelwood (L-H) model were satisfactorily applied to predict the gasification behaviors of CSC. The catalytic effect of AAEMs on CSC gasification was weakened due to water-leaching treatment. A random pore model (RPM) could describe the gasification behavior of H2O-CSC well, followed by grain model (GM) and volumetric model (VM).


Objectives  To describe a new emerging focus of anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) due to Leishmania tropica in rural areas of Dehbakry county, south‐eastern Iran, after the earthquake of 2003.


Disregarding the usual front matter (lists of tables, figures and contributors), the book begins with the Editor's preface, followed by a longer Introduction written by Leonhard Lipka and entitled Lexical creativity, textuality and problems of metalanguage. The Introduction is useful since it presents the conceptual and terminological background for the whole work and also gives an overview of the chapters (what I found somewhat distracting was the extensive


. This study aims to understand how digital communication could offer benefits to homestay management and tourism development for village people in Tanjung Lesung area that was hit by end of 2018 tsunami, and aggravated by COVID-19 pandemic. Quantitative approach was used with survey through questionnaires, added with qualitative approach through in-depth interviews in Tanjungjaya Village. The research results found that there is a digital divide condition of lacking skills in operating tourism support applications among older village people, although it was discovered that implementing digital communication actually could increase the income of homestays with a gap of 14%. Owners of homestays are still optimistic to rely on tourism which has offered to them the benefits of increasing income to diminish poverty, reduce unemployment and help nature reservation. Thus concluding that digital communication has offered many positive benefits for tourism development, represented by an answer range of 3.7-3.8 (very high).


Some past JRME monographs have been treatises on a single major research issue. Such monographs generally bring together multiple perspectives. Monograph 4, for example, contained the thinking of several prominent scholars regarding theories of constructivism (Davis, Maher, & Noddings, 1990). Monograph 9 was a compilation of essays about qualitative research and its use in different research settings (Teppo, 1997). Monograph 11 presented multiple essays on the meanings of the specific constructs "everyday mathematics" and "academic mathematics" (Brenner & Moschkovich, 2002). In Monograph 13, which concentrated on the issue of research dissemination, multiple authors demonstrated how video could be used in communicating the results of mathematics education research (Carraher & Nemirovsky, 2005). A forthcoming monograph draws on several quantitative studies to illustrate the use of psychometrics in mathematics education (Izsak, Remillard, & Templin, in press). It is worth noting that these JRME monograph treatises on a single research issue have generally grown from special conferences. Conference papers and presentations can serve as first drafts of monograph chapters. Compiling and editing a monograph is often a natural extension and continuation of the conference organizers' work. Hence, conference organizers wishing to maximize the impact of their proceedings may wish to plan with an eye toward a potential JRME monograph proposal. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education 2015, Vol. 46, No. 5, 506–510


Drawing Blood Technology and Disease Identity in Twentieth-Century America. Keith Wailoo. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 1997. 304 pp. $39.95. ISBN 0-8018-5474-1.


The final uses of special steel bars and wire rods are mainly the important safety parts used in automobiles. To produce the final parts,secondary processes such as annealing, drawing ,machining, and forge forming processes in hot and cold temperature regions and heat treatment processes such as quenching and tempering are necessary. In special steel bars and wire rods, there are strong needs to omitting annealing and extending the life of tools in view of cost reduction and energy saving. This paper outlines mainly the material property of "Direct Softening (DS) boron steel", "DS-carbon steel" and "DS-low alloy steel" which enables the omission of off-line annealing processes. The developed DS steels are produced by the manufacturing method of NSC original inline special heat treatment. * Muroran Works


A VSR pre-turbulent regulator was employed in the gas pressurization unit at the roasting plant of SISG,therefore a steady-pressure regulation of gas flow rate and energy saving were realized.


This study aimed to analyse the impact of using both a light convex appliance and mouldable ring in the early postoperative period on leakage frequency, peristomal skin health and quality of life after discharge. This prospective non-randomised study was performed in patients with a digestive stoma experiencing effluent leakage during the early postoperative period. Evaluation was performed at baseline (V1) during admission and at 2–3 weeks after discharge (V2). The outcomes measurements were: number of leaks per day; satisfaction (0 to 10 VAS scale); DET score evaluating discolouration (D); erosion/ulceration (E) and tissue overgrowth (T); stoma morphology and NANDA International nursing diagnosis, which measures anxiety, fear and image deterioration as well as insomnia. NANDA International diagnosis were evaluated as a percentage of cases with the diagnosis and categorically according to several dimension scores. Signed rank, McNemar, chi-squared and Bowker's tests were used for comparison. Of 257 patients screened, 244 completed the study. The mean number of leak episodes using the light convex appliance and mouldable ring in the early postoperative period decreased from 3.4±5.2 (V1) to 1.3±2.3 (V2) (p<0.0001). Mean discolouration, erosion and tissue overgrowth (DET) score decreased from 3.3±3.3 (V1) to 1.6±2.3 (V2) (p<0.0001). Mean self-reported satisfaction with the appliance increased from 5.1±2 (V1) to 7.2±1.7 (V2) (p<0.0001). The proportion of patients with a retracted peristomal area changed from 27.9% to 21.7%, while that of patients with protruded stoma increased from 32.9% to 40% (p=0.025). Regarding NANDA International diagnosis, anxiety reduced from 36.5% to 9.5% (p<0.0001), fear from 40.6% to 4.9% (p<0.0001), image deterioration from 19.2% to 10.9% (p=0.002) and insomnia from 39.3% to 2.5% (p<0.0001). All the categorical dimensions evaluated for each NANDA International diagnosis improved (p<0.0001). Patients with an ostomy and effluent leakage in the early postoperative period clearly benefited from the use of both a light convex appliance and mouldable ring. This approach had a positive impact on number of leakages per day, peristomal skin status and patient satisfaction, as well as meeting several NANDA International nursing diagnosis criteria.


It is well acknowledged that a plethora of neuropsychiatric manifestations such as headache, confusion, visual disturbances, seizures, dysarthria, a stroke-like picture, ataxia, motor neuropathy or cramps, and paroxysmal choreoathetosis can occur in patients with an insulinoma attributed to the various ways neuroglycopenia tends to affect different parts of the brain, and if not recognized or if misinterpreted, may result in permanent neurological damage or even death. We report a patient who presented with paroxysmal generalized chorea and persistent dystonia and ataxia secondary to insulinoma-induced hypoglycemia. This type of presentation has not been reported to the best of our knowledge.


A query independent feature, relating perhaps to document content, linkage or usage, can be transformed into a static, per-document relevance weight for use in ranking. The challenge is to find a good function to transform feature values into relevance scores. This paper presents FLOE, a simple density analysis method for modelling the shape of the transformation required, based on training data and without assuming independence between feature and baseline. For a new query independent feature, it addresses the questions: is it required for ranking, what sort of transformation is appropriate and, after adding it, how successful was the chosen transformation? Based on this we apply sigmoid transformations to PageRank, indegree, URL Length and ClickDistance, tested in combination with a BM25 baseline.


Compliment and compliment responses are ussually used in daily activities which refer to directive speech act. It is because the speaker gives the attention on part of action to addressee. The study is focussed on what kinds of compliment and compliments responses occur in the film "Pretty Woman". Furthermore, this present paper will try to find out how the compliment and compliments respons expressed in that film with identifying the type of compliment and the topic of compliment responses. Beside that the paper aims to describe what politeness strategies are involved in that film used by the characters. There are some reasons for taking this film as the data source. Firstly, it is well known as romantic film that is best film with the actors Julia Robert and Richard Gere. Secondly, in that dialog we can find a lot of compliment and compliments responses that are applied in various situation. In this qualitative research, this research describes topic of compliment, type of compliment response, and politeness strategy based on Brown and Levinson theory that is used by the characters in Pretty Woman movie. The result shows that first, there are three topics of compliment were used by the characters. They are topic of appearance, topic of capability and compliment on possession. The most common topic of compliment used by the characters are topic of appearance. The second is the type of compliment response into twelve categories that is appreciation token, comment acceptance, praise upgrade, comment history, reassignment, return, scale down, question, disagreement, qualification, no acknowledgement, request interpretation, and the most common type of compliment response used by the characters are no acknowledgement. The third is in this analysis the writer analyze politeness strategies using four types of politeness strategies from Brown and Levinson. They are bald on record, positive politeness, negative politeness, and off record. Then the most common politeness strategies used by characters are politeness strategies. Departing with the finding, discussion and conclusion, the writer suggest for English teacher can use many other kinds of theory to show the expression of compliment, compliment response then dealing with politeness strategy in processing teaching and learning. For students can apply pragmatic study especially speech act that they can practice interpersonal or transactional talks or speeches in real situation. The writer also recommends for the next researches to increase variety of research.
Keywords; compliment, compliment responses,politeness strategy.


The numerical simulation of acoustic waves propagating in inhomogeneous media is often achieved using pseudospectral (PS) algorithms, which require few nodes per wavelength to converge, while complex piezoelectric structures are simulated with finite‐difference (FD) or finite‐element (FE) methods. A combination of the PS and FD algorithms, retaining their advantages, is presented in order to simulate the behavior of various piezoelectric transducers used in ultrasonic imaging with one single model. The theory is exposed and the algorithm is applied to simulate PZT resonators flooded into water. Perfectly matched layers are developed to absorb the mechanical waves at the borders of the computational domain, and space‐shifted grids are used to reduce Gibbs phenomenon. The electrical impedance and various physical parameters (displacements, electric potentials) are calculated. Different high frequency transducer configurations have been modeled. In the case of a simple two‐dimensionnal plate, described in Ca...


ABSTRACT China's health care system, under the direction of the central government, has undergone continuous reform in recent decades. Many problems have been encountered, with successive measures attempting to deal with shortcomings and failings of previous reforms. To what extent can implementation failures account for the recurring problems, and what explains these failures? The analysis adopts the theoretical lens of structural-instrumental and cultural-institutional perspectives, respectively, and draws also on recent developments in implementation theory. The historical trajectory of health reform is described, with particular reference to why health policies formulated by the central government during different periods repeatedly failed to achieve their objectives. The empirical analysis finds that structural factors, such as departmentalism and regional separation resulting in complex, overlapping horizontal and vertical actor patterns, have been a primary reason for implementation failures and suggests that they will continue to dog future reform efforts.


Inversion of sediment compressional sound speeds using the data from SUS charge explosions acquired during the Shelf Break Primer Experiment in 1996 is presented. A hybrid approach combining a Genetic Algorithm and Levenberg‐Marquardt nonlinear least squares method is used for the inversion. This inversion is based on the time‐frequency dispersion of the acoustic signal calculated using a wavelet approach. Group speeds for modes 1–7 and for frequencies ranging from 10–200 Hz were obtained from the wavelet scalograms of the acoustic signal. The ocean waveguide depth was approximately 90 m. The minimized objective function is weighted to incorporate the quality of the data at various frequencies and modes. Forward modeling is done using adiabatic normal mode theory assuming a mildly range‐dependent environment. Resolution and error of the inversions are expressed in terms of the Hessians and a posteriori model standard deviations. Inversion results are compared with compressional speeds based on the data fr...


Objective: Group A streptococcus (streptococcus pyogenes) is a common cause of upper respiratory tract and skin infections, which may rarely infect other areas as well. Infection with this organism is rare in neonatal period. In addition to local infection such as omphalitis and celluitis, involvement of other sites like pneumonia, meningitis, osteomyelitis, and sepsis has been infrequently reported.
Case Report: This report is about a 13-day-old male neonate who was admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of the Children's Medical Center in Tehran with respiratory distress, fever, and poor feeding, followed by patchy echymotic lesions over right lower limb which was gradually extended over entire body. 4 hours after hospitalization without any response to extensive management, he expired in septic shock state accompanied by multiorgan dysfunction, and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Blood culture was positive for Group A Streptococci. Autopsy revealed purulent involvement of various organs, and disseminated intravascular coagulation.
Conclusion: Although infection with Group A Streptococci is rare in neonatal period, we should think about it, especially in a neonate with septic shock and multiorgan dysfunction with deep soft tissue involvement.


Presents the operational outlines of the multifrequency polarimetric airborne interferometric SAR system of the EADS/Dornier owned DOSAR. The simultaneous combination of full polarimetric with interferometric data makes it the only SAR system world-wide to collect cadastral information for mapping and land-use classification gathered within a single flight path. The DOSAR system is operational on a wide range of different aircraft. It is suitable for data collection for scientific, commercial and sovereignty as well as military applications. It has displayed its world-wide availability in a number of national flight campaigns in Germany as well as international applications in Austria, Switzerland, Indonesia and Thailand. Examples from these campaigns show the quality of high resolution SAR-data for mapping and classification.


Author(s): Fuentes, Ayesha | Advisor(s): Kakoulli, Ioanna | Abstract: This thesis is a technical examination of a bone ornament ensemble from the Himalayan region, currently in the collection of the Fowler Museum at UCLA. This ensemble is used in various practices and performances associated with Vajrayana (Tibetan) Buddhism. The materials used in the construction of this object are examined through both noninvasive and minimally-invasive methods of scientific analysis. A comparative survey on the treatment, handling, storage, and display of similar bone ornaments at museum collections is presented. This study finds that this ritual object is a composite of human bone, bast fiber yarns, pigments, and deterioration products. The thesis includes treatment of the object through minimum intervention, mechanical stabilization, and the development of guidelines for storage, handling, and display.


The Case Study prepared by PCPA and Lift Group will identify a growing development problem in urban areas; high value project sites that are restrictive in size or "tight" are underutilized and underdeveloped. In an effort to remedy this problem, our team will evaluate a design program through the lens of both conventional construction and Core Cantilever Construction. It is also important to differentiate between Core Cantilever construction and the plagued "Lift Slab" construction method as they may be confused, due to the top down construction sequence. This article will demonstrate that constraints inherent to conventional construction techniques prohibit economically viable development of these project sites, while Core Cantilever construction methods increase the projects value by reducing construction timelines and increasing the useable floor area.


Objective: To study the efficacy, safety and effect to prognosis of Lamivudine in treating the chronic and fulminant virus hepatitis B patients. Methods: Oral Lamivudine tablet 100mg/d×30d with regular treatment were used to treat the chronic and fulminant virus hepatitis Bpatients and compared with the control group. Results: The efficacy rate of the group treated with Lamivudine (75% ) was higher than the control group (53%). P0.05, without the obvious adverse reaction. Conducsions:The study shows that in consideration of lack of specific treatment now to the chronic and fulminant virus hepatitis B, it is a relatively good choice to treat with Lamivudine associated with the regular regular treatment. It can raise the rate of survival.


The efficacy of transdermal therapeutic system scopolamine (TTS scopolamine) has been evaluated in six patients with confirmed Meniere's disease, who can recognize themselves relatively definite prodromal symptoms several hours before occurrence of intractable vertigious spell and has relatively severe autonomic nervous disorder symptoms. At onset of prodromal symptoms, one sheet of TTS scopolamine was applied to a dried postauricular skin and it was left unremoved for three days. Clinical observations suggested that TTS scopolamine could control feeling of vertigo in four of the six patients and autonomic nervous symptom in five of the six patients. The application of TTS generally alleviated the onset of scopolamine's side effects. However, adverse effect of blurred vision and dryness of the mouth were noticed.


This paper aims to dissolve the problem of the compatibility between authoritative self-knowledge of propositional attitudes and content externalism. The basic strategy to do this is to appeal to pair concepts of semantic inferentialism, i.e., the propositional content and the representational content. Inferentialists can explain how the former content can be authoritatively known from the first-person perspective, and why the latter content is partly determined by external factors. In addition to this, it is also shown how this inferentialistic conception of content succeeds in dodging the attack on authoritative self-knowledge derived from the physical externalism about the mental content. What makes it possible is that the inferentialistic conception of content rejects the traditional but problematic presumption that the intension is the determinant of the extension. In this way, this paper reconciles the authority of self-knowledge of propositional attitudes with the thesis of (physical) externalism.


In the history of Hansen's disease in Japan, the Okinawa's case occupies a peculiar position, since it moved between the borders of absolute segregation system. The Airakuen, the national leprosarium in Okinawa trode the distinctive trajectory in its formation, war experiences, relative segregation under the US military government, and re-nationalization of asylum. During the lawsuit against the Japanese government filed by leprosy victims starting from Kumamoto in 1998, the relative segregation policy such as home treatment and social returning became quiet contentious. Instead of regarding them as a positive and progressive policy, the perspective that it should be viewed as a minor change under the absolute segregation system gained victory. This is a result of taking minority human right issues as most important one and also enhancing it. However, the reality needs more nuanced explanation beyond the judicial dichotomous verdicts. If I ground a story based on the representation order of monuments in Airakuen: three monuments for Aoki, Scorebrand and Empress Dowager, the history of Hansen's disease can be read as the ironic combination of imperial nationalism, the belief in valuing minority human rights, and international fraternalism. They, recently, started to open tension and chasm between them.


We first planned to launch the journal Nutraceuticals in 2007 and obtained ISSN: 1661-3821 for Nutraceuticals on 28 March 2007 [...]


We discuss the design and performance of a full color transmissive display based on the folded Solc filter design. Sharp et. al. suggested the use of a modified Solc filter as a colorswitch and for use as a display device. Del Pico suggested its use as a direct view device using plastic substrates and LCP's to solve some parallax issues. However no details of its operation were given. The design incorporates three individual stacks each responsible for producing RGB without the use of color filters, this offer high color purity and brightness along with the promise of low power consumption. In this paper the design of such a system is considered in detail.


The dynamics of stabilometric indicators of players and non-athletes is considered. It is shown that in the Romberg sample with eyes open and closed disparities in maintaining the balance between players and non-athletes are practically not detected. The most significant shifts of the stabilometric performance we observed in the vestibular stimulation in the Romberg sample with eyes open, which is significantly less than that of the players.


The tremendous successes of mammalian cell culture engineering since the 1980's made our modern era of protein therapeutics a reality, bringing tremendous new possibilities for targeted intervention, but also additional challenges in pre-clinical development due to the species specificity of biologics. While the efficacy and safety of all drugs intended for humans is often difficult to extrapolate from assays in animal models and traditional cell cultures, the situation is significantly more difficult for biologics. Traditional cell culture modes, even with human cells, often fail to capture the complexity of pathways, which may involve multiple cell types and cross-talk between different organ systems. The species specificity of most biologics precludes testing in most common animal models. Thus, adverse events are observed in the clinic due to lack of adequate predictive models. For example, the anti IL-6 receptor Tocilizumab, developed to treat chronic inflammatory diseases like arthritis, earned a warning label from the FDA after clinical evidence that the metabolism of statins and other drugs was altered by Tocilizumab in ways that were not predicted by pre-clinical models. (Long, Cosgrove et al. 2016).


A theoretical analysis of TCS is provided to explain the structure evolution along the filament during processing.This analysis based on the spinning process kinematics incorporates the constitutive equation of PET polymer, a convection and radiation combining procedure in the thermal channel, and takinginto account the nonisothermal crystallization kinetics. The characteristics of the fiber so-produced are compared with those produced by HGS.


Non-destructive testing plays a very important role in the on-going industrialisation of China. This paper reviews the history, personnel qualification and certification system, standards, production of instruments, research and application areas for NDT in China. China not only has a large requirement for conventional NDT instruments and materials, but also for advanced instruments and techniques. China is already a big market for NDT instruments, techniques and services and this will continue over the coming years.


On the base of the legal regulation interpretation, the authors have provided the analyses of the stated limits that are given to the local self- governing rulemaking activities. Particularly, the attention has been given to the legal proceeding concerning the congruence of the assessment of the local self-governing generally binding legal regulations delivered by the municipalities and the higher territorial unit. Based on the syntheses of the essential data, the authors try to highlight the probable problems that might occur in the applicable practice caused by the absence of the legislative consistency. At present the comparative evidence is equally given by the absence of the local self- governing powers to initiate a procedure by means of the communal constitution complaint as regards the legal regulations compliance by the Slovak Republic Constitution Court.


The case of a patient with a history of myocardial infarction and recurrent ventricular tachycardia undergoing attempted radiofrequency catheter ahlation with loss of late potentials is described. Prior to energy delivery fractionated, late activation could be found using the signal‐averaged ECC despite the presence of a right bundle branch block. After successful catheter ablation, the clinical ventricular tachycardia was no longer inducible and the signal‐averaged ECG, recorded the next day, showed marked changes indicating loss of late potentials. Our report emphasizes the possibility of late potential recordings despite the presence of bundle branch block.


tology and plastic surgery, developing a treatment known as "chemexfoliation" or "chemical peel." Dermabrasion techniques were developed in the mid-1950s; more recently, stateof-the-art carbon dioxide (COz) medical lasers, which are either superpulsed or equipped with a computer-controlled device that delivers laser energy, have been used to resurface aging skin. As a prerequisite to developing an understanding of the treatment techniques available today-including chemexfoliation, dermabrasion, chemabrasion, and laser resurfacing, as well as therapeutic and prophylactic applications-one must have a basic knowledge of the structure and function of the skin and the causes of aging skin.


This paper analysed some principles and methods of the regular grid terrain data,discussed how to construct the pyramid model of the regular grid terrain data.Then it completely discussed the principium,the methods and the implementing process about visualized editing of the RGD and studied the spread of the editing result from the edited data layer to the other layers of the pyramid model in all-around especially.At last,it gave a realization about the visualized interactive editing of the RSG based on pyramid model by the one point editing and the area editing.


Despite much excitement about the microblogging platform Twitter, little is known about predictors of its adoption and how its uses relate to other online activities in particular. Using a unique longitudinal data set collected in 2009 and 2010 surveying over 500 diverse young American adults about their online experiences, we look at who uses Twitter and what may be motivating its usage. Our findings suggest that online skills as well as prior consumption and production activities especially in the domain of entertainment news are significant predictors of subsequent Twitter use. Our results caution about the potential biases that may result from studies that sample on Twitter users excluding other populations.


Dispute over the Senkaku Islands in the East China Sea has been influenced by historical right, international 1aw, economic factor, and domestic political variables. Recently that has been aggravated by security strategy of China and Japan. Two countries is unsatisfied with the past history of the sediment which has been being continued in the current, having accelerated a full-fledged competition for hegemony in East Asia. The United States is involved in a dispute between these, which is the major variable. It is associated with the alliance for U. S. to intervene in the dispute and strategic objectives to deter the expansion of China's forces ultimately. If U.S. choose a strategic certainty, it is certain that America has the risk to bump into the dangerous enemy, China. In case U.S. have a view to take a strategic ambiguity, Japan as axis alliance in East Asia will have intention to go away independently and to accelerate military capabilities. As alliance dilemma works in intervention in a dispute over Senkaku islands, it seems that it will be more flexible for U.S. to operate alliance militarily.


A three-component reaction between an aldehyde, metallated hexamethyldisilazane and a functionalized organozinc compound proceeded smoothly in the presence of LiClO4 in diethyl ether to afford primary amino esters in good yields.


In this paper, the issue of the prion hypothesis, a simmering controversy within the scientific community, is addressed. We inquire into the appropriateness of the use of certain augmentations and rhetoric approaches used during scientific debates, as well as the aptness of unequivocal statements in textbooks that indicate "abnormal prions" as a primary cause of Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies.


SATO, T., TAKUSAGAWA, K., ASOO, N. and KONNO, K. Antitumor Effect of 1α-Hydroxyvitamin D3. Tohoku J. exp. Med., 1982, 138 (4), 445-446-Sarcoma 180 and the Lewis lung carcinoma were implanted s.c. into male ddY mice and C57B1/6 mice, respectively. 1α-Hydroxyvitamin D3 was administered orally by a stomach tube at a dose of 0.1μg/kg and 0.2μg/kg daily. The results demonstrated that 1α-hydroxyvitamin D3 suppressed s.c. tumor growth of sarcoma 180 and inhibited pulmonary metastases of the Lewis lung carcinoma.


This article explores the triple interaction between dominant white subordinate black Americans and doubly subordinated black immigrants and relies on data from a 1978 to 1980 case study of Haitian immigrants in a small midwestern city. Haiti is one of the most densely populated countries in the world; dreaming of a better life in the US most Haitians leave to escape poverty unemployment and political repression. The usual pattern is for a white American family to send for Haitain domestic workers often having met someone while vacationing in Haiti and then the Haitians send for their relatives to join them when they move to the US. After coming to the US most Haitian men and women have service jobs such as maintenance dish washing and cleaning or unskilled jobs in factor assembly lines. They often lack knowledge of the English language and lack skills in dealing with the complexity of US life. Even after residing in the US for many years many Haitians face difficulties in dealing with American institutions; they have problems with leases car payments house mortgages immigration rules and the legal system. When Haitians face unequal treatment because of their skin color they protest the mistreatment immediately; at the same time they believe the white majority treats them better once they find out that they are not native black Americans. They emphasize their distinct identity because they strive to minimize the effects of racial ascription on the economic opportunities open to them in the US. Black working and lower classes feel that Haitian immigrants compete and often succeed more than they in gaining jobs and owning property; middle class blacks despise Haitians because they are doing the low prestige service jobs which blacks traditionally did in US history.


Cultural values of Zhouyi are extensive, not only in politics, military affairs, economy, but also in philosophy and literature. As an earliest symbol reasoning system in China, the exercise of logic methodology of Zhouyi results in the earliest formation mechanism of analogic reasoning, which is the leading reasoning type in Chinese traditional thinking mode.


In this article the author reports the findings of research over a two year period into the role of ACAS conciliators in cases in which industrial tribunals decided in favour of applicants.


The exact etiology of hyperemesis gravidarum (pernicious vomiting of pregnancy) is unknown, but hyperolfaction may be one contributing factor. The net result of hyperolfaction in pregnancy may be a mechanism cuing the pregnant woman to seek a cleaner, quieter, more temperate environment.


This paper canvasses a new approach to protecting Indigenous peoples that targets the institutions that financially sponsor the development projects and companies that can often harm Indigenous livelihoods. To revitalize and protect their communities and legal systems, Indigenous peoples must reckon with the power of financial markets. Encouragingly, through the movement for socially responsible investment, which has had earlier successes such as its campaign against investment in apartheid South Africa, some financiers are beginning to respect Indigenous rights and interests. Some mutual funds remove companies that violate Indigenous rights from their investment portfolios, while other investors seek change through shareholder activism. Much more needs to be done, however, if SRI is to have an impact. Some states have started to introduce informational and incentive based policy mechanisms to promote SRI, which may eventually enable the financial sector to be a source of support rather than an obstacle to Indigenous self-determination.


: The article deals with the issues based on implementation of flipped learning classroom in academic context of higher education. The "Flipped" learning approach is becoming increasingly popular not only in schools, but also in universities. It creates opportunities for solving complex pedagogical problems in education. Since, on the one hand, the teacher can work individually with students with different levels of education, who are representatives of different cultures. So, on the other hand, it allows the teacher to organize the joint work of students on projects in the classroom by groups artificially created by him, from students of different cultures and levels of education.


Interface synthesis seeks to automate the process of interconnecting components. There are many levels of interconnection that must be considered including electrical, power, logic, register-transfer, device drivers, and higher software levels. This presentation will cover a vertical slice of the interfacing problem from digital logic up to coordinating communications between software components. The focus will be within an embedded systems context where the interfacing is between processors and memory and peripheral blocks as is the case in system-on-a-chip design. The structure of the tutorial will parallel the history of CAD efforts in this area. We will begin with the early work in interface specification and logic synthesis then proceed on to the problems of interconnecting hardware to processors and their software, and finish with purely software interfaces involving inter-process communication and protocols between multiple processors. At each level we will discuss specification, synthesis, and verification aspects as well as highlight the currently available tools and on-going research efforts.


The objective of the present work is to design of novel sustained release matrix tablets of Flurbiprofen influence of natural, synthetic polymers, on the release rate and in vitro evaluation.Flurbiprofen is NSAID drug used extensively in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, degenerative joint disease, osteoarthritis, Ankylosing Spondylitis, acute musculoskeletal disorders, low back pain and allied conditions. The natural polymers are Xanthan gum, Karaya gum, and synthetic polymers like HPMC K100, Ethyl cellulose were utilized in the formulation of matrix tablets containing Flurbiprofen by wet granulation technique and evaluated for its in-vitro drug release. Natural polymer is hydrophilic in nature and rate controlling polymers. Granules were prepared and evaluated for loose bulk density, tapped bulk density, compressibility index and angle of repose, shows satisfactory results. Formulation was optimized on the basis of acceptable tablet properties (hardness, friability, drug content and weight variations), in vitro drug release and stability studies. All the formulations showed compliance with Pharmacopeial standards. The in vitro release study of matrix tablets were carried out in pH 1.2 HCl for 2 hours and pH 7.4 phosphate buffer for the remaining 10 hours as dissolution medium. Among all the formulation, F12 shows 97.23% of drug which was better controlled release at the end of 12 hrs. It has been found that the optimized formulation F-12 containing 500 mg of ethyl cellulose better sustained effect for 12 hr, The results indicated that a decrease in release kinetics of the drug was observed by increasing the polymer concentration. The release data was fitted to various mathematical models such as, Higuchi, Korsmeyer-Peppas, First-order and Zero order to evaluate the kinetics and mechanism of the drug release. The stability studies were carried out according to ICH guideline which indicates that the selected formulations were stable.


Multifunctional 3D microstructures have been extensively investigated for the development of new classes of electronic and optical devices. Here, functionalized, free‐standing, hollow, 3D, dielectric (150 nm thick aluminum oxide) microcontainers with metal patterning on their surfaces are realized by an evolved self‐assembly approach. To functionalize the 3D structure and use it as a device, metal patterns, arrays of split‐ring resonators (SRRs) acting as metamaterials, are defined on the surface of the 3D dielectric microcontainers. The SRRs on all six facets of a given microcube show a resonant behavior in terahertz regimes. Since desired metal and semiconductor patterns can be incorporated onto surfaces of 3D dielectric microstructures, this self‐assembly process can be harnessed in developing next‐generation microdevices utilizing the numerous advantages of 3D configurations.


Abstract The equatorial asymmetry of the east Pacific intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) is explored on the basis of an ocean surface heat budget analysis carried out with a variety of satellite data products. The annual mean climatology of absorbed shortwave flux exhibits a pronounced meridional asymmetry due to a reduction of insolation by high clouds in the north ITCZ. Ocean mixed layer advection has the largest, if not exclusive, effect of counteracting this shortwave-exerted asymmetry. Other heat fluxes, in particular latent heat flux, predominate over the advective heat flux in magnitude but are secondary with respect to equatorial asymmetry. The asymmetry in advective heat flux stems from a warm pool off the Central American coast and, to a lesser extent, the North Equatorial Counter Current, neither of which exist in the Southern Hemisphere. The irregular continental geography presumably comes into play by generating a warm pool north of the equator and bringing cold waters to the south in the ...


This research aimed to produce the product in the form of questions of valid and practical students' mathematical reasoning skills. The subjects of this study were 6 students of grade VIII to saw the readability of the given questions. The research and development method used the Tessmer model consisted of preliminary stage self-evaluation, expert review, one-to-one, small group, and field test. At the preliminary stage, there were two stages, namely preparation and design. The preparation of the stage was analyzing the curriculum, materials, and students' level. The design stage was done to design as questions of mathematical reasoning capabilities. The Self Evaluation stage was conducted after designed the questions of mathematical reasoning skills there were 15 questions and assesses whether the question meets the material, construction, and language. After evaluating the questions that would be validated by the expert reviewer and would be validated 3 times. After 14 questions validated that would be tested on 6 students to saw the practicality of the question through the student's responded questionnaire that was provided. Based on the result of the readability tested, the conclusion development of the questions from numbers 1 to 14 in the category of practicality were intervals of 4 ≤ RP (Produk) ≤ 5 which were classified as Very Practical.


Detecting communities that recur over time is a challenging problem due to the potential sparsity of encounter events at an individual scale and inherent uncertainty in human behavior. Existing methods for community detection in mobile human encounter networks ignore the presence of temporal patterns that lead to periodic components in the network. Daily and weekly routine are prevalent in human behavior and can serve as rich context for applications that rely on person-to-person encounters, such as mobile routing protocols and intelligent digital personal assistants. In this article, we present the design, implementation, and evaluation of an approach to decentralized periodic community detection that is robust to uncertainty and computationally efficient. This alternative approach has a novel periodicity detection method inspired by a neural synchrony measure used in the field of neurophysiology. We evaluate our approach and investigate human periodic encounter patterns using empirical datasets of inferred and direct-sensed encounters.


Economic reforms means reducing the control or size of the government or deregulation to remove the hurdles caused by the government, rather than the implementation of new regulations or arrival of new government programs to decrease market failure. Economic reforms were started in 1991 by the government of India for speeding up the development of country through liberalisation, privatisation and globalisation. This paper focuses on the need of economic reforms, which arises due to increase in fiscal deficit, increase in adverse balance of payment, problems due to Gulf crisis, fall in foreign exchange reserve, rise in prises, poor performance of public sector. The immediate priority of the govt. was to stabilize the economy and bring it to the normal track to earn the confidence of nation and international financial community by focusing on fiscal correction, industrial decontrol and balance of payments, to achieve sustainable development and growth of the nation.


ence of visiting Newton's house in the form of the scientific method. She imagines Newton inside and asks, "Could he change his fortune? / In this room I peer at, hands cupped to glass, / He dreams on" (68). Here, Coles returns to themes of fate and sets the reader's gaze on Newton's pacing ghost. These poems also move between the scientific and the spiritual, and she blends the two rather than seeing them as opposites. In an era where large-scale disasters abound, these poems speak to those with their eyes fixed on life's urgent unfolding. A glance through this window reveals moments where relationships, tragedy, and invention collide in the course luck allows. In the final poem, "Middle Ages," Coles emphasizes the interplay between the past and fortune one last time: "History cannot be left to chance. // Our histories won't leave us, though even chance / fails in the end" (91).


In the course of a screening study for antibiotics using psychrophilic microorganisms a water-insoluble antibiotic complex, SP–351, was found in the culture filtrate of a psychrophilic actinomycete, strain No. 351. This active principle was isolated and characterized as a cyclicpolylactone antibiotic. The SP–351-producing strain was classified as a facultative psychrophile and identified as Streptomyces phaeochromogenes.The main components of the antibiotic complex SP–351 changed with the composition of the culture medium but not with culture temperatures. Component A was exclusively produced in a medium composed of roasted soybean powder and glycerol; components B and C in a medium composed of soybean, glycerol and potassium nitrate; and components A and D in a synthetic medium containing a hydrocarbon, alcohol or ester as the sole carbon source. Maximum production of SP–351 from n-paraffin and methyl acetate was 10 and 15 mcg/ml, respectively.SP–351 showed strong antibacterial activity against Gram-posi...


We study the Hawking radiation from Rotating black holes from the gravitational anomalies point of view. First, we show that the scalar field theory near the Kerr black hole horizon can be reduced to the 2-dimensional effective theory. Then, following Robinson and Wilczek, we derive the Hawking flux by requiring the cancellation of gravitational anomalies. We also apply this method to Hawking radiation from higher dimensional Myers-Perry black holes. In the appendix, we present the trace anomaly derivation of Hawking radiation to argue the validity of the boundary condition at the horizon.


Abstract : In attempts to understand how the signaling by retinoic acid (the active vitamin A metabolite) is regulated we have been studying the retinoic acid binding protein called CRABP-II. These studies revealed that CRABP-II acts to enhance the transcriptional activities of RA and that it does so by directly delivering the hormone to its cognate transcription factor, RAR. Consequently CRABP-II dramatically sensitized cultured mammary carcinoma cells to RA-induced growth inhibition. Similarly, over-expression of CRABP-II inhibited mammary tumor growth in two different mouse models of cancer. CRABP-II may be a novel target for therapeutic and preventive strategies for retinoid-treatment of breast cancer. This project aims to delineate the mechanism by which CRABP-II modulates RA activity, especially as related to its ability to enhance the anti-proliferative action of the ligand.


The scattered wave components of a plane polarized electromagnetic wave by an elliptic cylindrical scatterer are obtained as a parameter expansion of the more exact circular cylindrical obstacle. The scattering potential of a scalar wave by a hyperboloidal scatterer as a parameter expansion of a circular cone is also obtained. The parameter of expansion in both cases is the semi-interfocal distance. I. General introduction. The magnitude of difficulties encountered in arriving at a mathematical description of diffraction and the more general scattering problem increases with the irregularity and convexity in the shape of the obstacles. Types of approximation vary, but they generally fall into one of three categories, namely: (i) an approximation valid for some range of parameter(s) involved in the problem, which might be asymptotically exact in some cases (as in [2], [3], [4], and [10]); (ii) approximation based on some numerical solution of the equation; (iii) a simplification based on some intuitive insight into the physical nature of the problem. The accuracy of approximations of this type is often not known a priori but depends upon a posteriori experimental justification, [7]. The scattering of waves caused by an obstacle without edges is usually tackled as a typical boundary value problem (b.v.p.). In this paper we shall obtain an asymptotic solution to a b.v.p. for the scattering of plane polarized electromagnetic waves by an elliptic cylindrical obstacle, as well as the asymptotic solution for the scattering potential for the hyperboloidal scatterer. In Sec. II.B, we shall develop and use a parameter-expansion method to obtain the reduced wave equation for the elliptic cylindrical scatterer as a sum of that of a circular cylinder and a parameter-dependent term. The asymptotic solution for the scattering of a plane polarized electromagnetic wave by an elliptic cylindrical scatterer, as the sum of that of the circular cylinder and a perturbation term, is then presented in Sec. II.C. In Received June 9, 1992. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 35J05, 35P25. ©1999 Brown University 601


OBJECTIVE
To determine whether there is a sex bias in a historical cohort of consecutive patients who underwent initial pacemaker implantation at a Canadian teaching hospital by determining whether women were less likely to receive physiological pacemakers.

DESIGN
Retrospective chart review.

SETTING
A Canadian, tertiary care teaching hospital.

PATIENTS
A total of 446 patients (192 female) had a first-time pacemaker implantation between January 1, 1990 and September 30, 1993 at Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, Ontario.

RESULTS
Physiological pacemakers (dual chamber or atrial only) were implanted in 125 male patients (49.2%) and in 93 female patients (48.4%), for an absolute difference of 0.8%. In patients deemed eligible for physiological pacemaker implantation (absence of absolute or relative contraindications to physiological pacing), 63.8% of male patients and 60.6% of female patients received physiological pacemakers. Pacemakers with rate-modulation were implanted in 109 male patients (42.9%) and in 80 female patients (41.7%). These differences were not significant.

CONCLUSION
No sex difference in the selection of physiological or rate-modulated permanent pacemakers was demonstrated in this study.


Backgrounds/Aims: Vitamin C is an antioxidant and acts as a cofactor for several key enzymatic catalytic reactions in animals. Amphibians produce vitamin C in their kidneys, as opposed to mammals that produce vitamin C in their liver. Gulo serves as a crucial enzyme for vitamin C synthesis in mammals, but the characteristics and localization of its homologous genes during kidney development in Xenopus laevis, an amphibian, remains unknown. Methods: We aligned amino acid sequences of Gulo across different species by using bioinformatics methods and detected patterns of expression for Gulo during kidney development by using RT-PCR and in situ hybridization. Results: We identified a new site on the X. laevis genome, LOC495407. Sequence alignment analysis indicated this fragment is highly conserved and homologous to gulo genes in mammals. RT-PCR and in situ hybridization results reveal that X. laevis gulo is maternally expressed during the early stages of embryonic development, particularly, in the tubules of the pronephros from the middle tail-bud stage and onward in embryos. Conclusion: Gulo is a novel specific marker for pronephros tubules in X. laevis, and may be used as a potential marker for kidney development studies and disease diagnosis in mammals.


Abstract There is some disagreement in the current literature, about the well-posedness of the barotropic vorticity equation in an open region, subject to inflow boundary conditions. It is argued here that the problem is ill-posed.


This paper reviews research progress of air pollution and its controllment indoor at home and abroad. The paper also describes the measures adopted and the methods of controlling on indoor air pollution. In the end, indoor air purification technology and purification product market are progressed.


ABSTRACT Background: Toxic alcohol poisoning may result in severe acidemia and death. Previous work from our regional poison center (RPC) revealed that most pediatric unintentional methanol exposures are benign and do not require alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) blockade or hemodialysis. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all ethylene glycol (EG) cases in patients less than 6 years of age reported to our RPC over a 19 year period. We included unintentional ingestions with measured EG concentrations. Results: Twenty-nine cases met inclusion criteria. EG concentrations were undetectable in 25 cases (86%). No patient became symptomatic or acidemic. No EG concentration warranted treatment with ADH inhibition or hemodialysis. However, 21 patients (72%) received fomepizole or ethanol. Fifteen patients (52%) transferred from a community hospital to a pediatric specialty hospital. All 27 children admitted to the hospital went to a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) while awaiting EG results. Conclusions: No child during the 19-year period required either antidote or hemodialysis. Unintentional EG exposures in typical pediatric patients may warrant nothing more than repeat laboratory testing (electrolytes, pH) to exclude evolving toxicity. Timely availability of EG laboratory test results would likely reduce unnecessary and expensive use of antidote, transport, and PICU resources.


The passivation of horizontal and vertical porous zinc (unamalgamated) electrodes in aqueous KOH solutions has been studied. The results are interpreted in terms of the formation of a soluble anodic product which decomposes within the electrode forming an insoluble deposit. The ohmic resistance of the insoluble anodic product provides the major component of the electrode polarization and determines the useful duration of discharge of the electrode.


AbstractThis study assessed the performance of a Crambe abyssinica Hochst seed by-product as biosorbent for removing lead [Pb(II)] ions from water. The material was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy techniques as well as by point of zero charge (pHPCZ) measurement. The following parameters were determined after adsorption experiments: solution pH, biosorbent mass, contact time, and temperature. The optimal conditions were found to be mass –400 mg, solution pH 7.0, and equilibration time –20 min; they were used for performing isotherm tests. The isotherms were best fitted to the Freundlich and Dubinin–Radushkevich mathematical models. Based on the results of kinetic and thermodynamic studies (pseudo-second-order kinetics, negative change in Gibbs free energy, positive change in enthalpy and low ion desorption rate), it was established that the Pb(II) ions interacted forcefully with the biosorbent, thus confirming that a spontaneous endothermic chemisorption process too...


Combining with the concrete engineering practice,the application of piles thrusted-expanged in column-hammer in collapsible loess foundation treatment was introduced.The technology parameters at corresponding to the geological conditions was determined by technology experiment,the piles thrusted-expanged in column-hammer construction technology and construction allowable deviation were listed,and how to carry out the construction quality test was discussed,so as to extend the application of piles thrusted-expanged in column-hammer.


GABA (4-aminobutyric acid) is the principal inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain acting both postsynaptically on dendrites, the somatic membrane and the axon initial segment, and presynaptically on nerve terminals. The properties of the receptors at which it acts were initially inferred from electrophysiological experiments performed on single units in the spinal cord or cortex. Subsequently, biochemical experiments with [3H] ligands and pharmacological experiments with more or less selective agonists and antagonists have identified two receptors that represent different gene products. Further separation into receptor subtypes possibly depends on environmental factors such


The influence of light-induced paramagnetic states on the photocurrent generated by polymer:fullerene solar cells is studied using spin-sensitive techniques in combination with laser-flash excitation. For this purpose, we developed a setup that allows for simultaneous detection of transient electron paramagnetic resonance as well as transient electrically detected magnetic resonance (trEDMR) signals from fully processed and encapsulated solar cells. Combining both techniques provides a direct link between photoinduced triplet excitons, charge transfer states, and free charge carriers as well as their influence on the photocurrent generated by organic photovoltaic devices. Our results obtained from solar cells based on poly(3-hexylthiophene) as electron donor and a fullerene-based electron acceptor show that the resonant signals observed in low-temperature (T = 80 K) trEDMR spectra can be attributed to positive polarons in the polymer as well as negative polarons in the fullerene phase, indicating that both centers are involved in spin-dependent processes that directly influence the photocurrent.


Neuroleptic malignant syndrome is a rare, but potentially life threatening, idiosyncratic reaction primarily related to use of neuroleptic medications. We report a fatal case of neuroleptic malignant syndrome in a 67 year old female with bipolar affective disorder, triggered by recent change of medications. She had marked elevation of creatinine phosphokinase levels, thrombocytopenia and acute kidney injury but no muscle rigidity. Despite early detection, intensive care support and continuous renal replacement therapy, the patient died of rhabdomyolysis induced acute kidney injury and persistent metabolic acidosis. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/sljpsyc.v5i2.7823 Sri Lanka Journal of Psychiatry Vol 5(2):35-36


A consensus about the most appropriate diagnostic method(s) for head and neck human papillomavirus (HPV)‐induced carcinogenesis is still lacking because most of the commercially available assays have been designed for the cervix.


A two-component initiator system based on the in situ generation of Wittig salts (alkytriarylphosphonium bromides) has been developed for the ring-opening polymerization of cyclic bisphenol-A (BPA) carbonate oligomers for potential use in composite applications so that the prepolymer can suitably wet the composite material before being converted to high molecular weight polymer. The Wittig salt precursors (an alkyl bromide, such as hexadecyl bromide, and a triarylphosphine, such as triphenylphosphine) did not independently initiate significant ring-opening polymerization of the oligomeric cyclic BPA carbonate mixture. However, when the two mixtures of cyclic BPA carbonate oligomers and initiator component were combined, a high molecular weight polymer (M w = ∼65,000) was produced. The polymerization initiating species is thought to be hexadecyltriphenyl-phosphonium bromide. Consistent with this hypothesis is the observation that authentic Wittig salts did initiate ring-opening polymerization to provide high molecular weight polycarbonate. The effects of structure and concentration of the initiator components, reaction temperature, time, etc. on polymerization were studied ; in general, the degree of polymerization ranged from 65 to 85%.


An Al2O3-SiO2-Na2O based coating for heats treatment application was prepared on 304 stainless steel substrate by airspraying,and its effect on high temperature oxidation behavior of 304 stainless steel was investigated.TG-DTA and sintering point test were employed to examine the coating's thermal properties.SEM and optical microscope were used to characterize the as-received coating and cross section of the oxidized specimens.The results show that,when heating up,the coating melts down and transforms into a melting layer.Isothermal oxidation in air at 1250 ℃ for 9 h shows that,yield percentage of the coated and bare specimen was 99.64% and 85.74%.The coating effectively blocks off the invasion of oxygen and protects stainless steel from high temperature oxidation.


A research guide for Chinese study materials at the University of Washington Libraries Taiwan Resource Center for Chinese Studies 臺灣漢學資源中心


Liang Su was a significant person who had inherited the past and ushered in the future in ancient Chinese prose movement in Tang Dynasty. Mr. Chen Yin que(Chen Yin ke)once said:"Spaking of the beginning of ancient Chinese prose movement, it was on account of the proposal of Xiao Yingshi,Li Hua, Dugu Ji and the development of Liang Su. " Liang Su once followed Dugu Ji, Li Hua, etc; and promoted a group of capable persons following ancient Chinese prose movement, such as Han Yu, Li Wan, Li Ao, etc. from Annotation and Textual Research on Poetry anthology of Yuau Zhen and Bai Ju yi.All these proves that his position was important. This article selects some persons with greater achievements for study among hundred ones who had associated with Liang Su. You can know from one aspect Liang Su'important position and functions in the group of Mid Tang Dynasty literature, and the literature source of the movement.


he unmarked sedan carrying Detectives Barnes and Bailey screeches to a T stop in front of a construction site, catching the workers in hard hats by surprise. The drone of city traffic, honking horns, and a vibrating jack hammer permeates the background. Slamming their doors as they exit the sedan, the two detectives investigating the disappearance of Donna Hudson converge upon one of the men, and, in a demanding voice, Detective Barnes bellows, " Are you James Johnson? " Caught by surprise but not to be outdone, Johnson inflates his chest and retorts in an equally gruff voice, " Who wants to know? " Ignoring the other construction workers and the gathering crowd of curious onlookers, Detective Bailey crosses his arms and spits, " We're the police. And, you were with Donna Hudson last night, weren't you? " Johnson begins to deny knowing anything about Hudson's activities the night before when he is interrupted abruptly by the scowling Detective Barnes who barks, " If you don't come clean, you're going downtown with us. Now what's it gonna be? " Johnson defiantly crosses his arms, looks Detective Barnes in the eye, and replies, " Well, I guess we're going downtown,


Elliptical vibration cutting (EVC) has been widely concerned since it was proposed, and its unique characteristics such as friction reversal and intermittent cutting can effectively extend the tool life, improve the machined surface roughness and so on. The objective of this paper was to predict the behavior of cutting force. A method of predicting the behavior of cutting force based on the chip thickness under various cutting conditions is proposed. Based on the established tool motion model, the chip model was founded. By numerical simulation, the effects of cutting parameters on cutting force under various cutting conditions were studied. The results show that the chip thickness can be used to predict the behavior of cutting force.


In this paper we propose a rate-efficient peer-to-peer architecture for video multicasting over the Internet. The limited capacity of the Internet hosts and the heterogeneous property of their access links are the main challenges of the peer-to-peer video multicasting over the Internet. Although, the rate-optimized overlay tree construction is a NP-hard problem, we propose a number of distributed and efficient protocols for rate-efficient overlay tree construction. Our proposed protocols include efficient join, improvement, overlay tree refinement and an optimum rate allocation protocol. The simulation results show the efficiency of the proposed protocols in rate-efficient overlay tree construction. We show that through combination of the efficient join protocol, tree refinement operations and an optimum rate allocation algorithm we can achieve a suboptimum overlay tree.


A dynamic finite element analysis model for cylindrical roller bearing is developed, and the complex stress distribution and dynamic contacting nature of the bearing are investigated carefully based on ANSYS/LS-DYNA. Numerical simulation results show that the stress would be bigger when the element contacting with the inner or outer ring than at other times, and the biggest stress would appear near the area that roller contacting with the inner ring. Phenomenon of stress concentration on the roller is found to be very obvious during the operating process of the bearing system. The stress distributions of different elements are uneven on the same side surface of roller in its axis direction. Numerical simulation results can give useful references for the design and analysis of rolling bearing.


There are three major markets for lamb — retail and catering domestic markets, and the export market. Most of the latter is within the European Community (EC) and as 1992 approaches the differences between the domestic and EC export markets will become less distinct. The basis of specifications for all of these markets, and sectors within them, is weight range, fatness and conformation. The majority of lamb is sold to the consumer (whether retail or catering) in a 'bone-in' form and weight range is therefore critical for many cuts, for example chops and leg joints, in determining either weight at sale (and price of pack) or portion size. In the domestic market major multiple supermarkets are gaining market share at the expense of independent butchers. With their purchasing power they can and do impose increasingly tight and sophisticated specifications. All, for their majority of 'bone-in' cuts, specify a carcass weight range of 16 to 20 kg. It is estimated by the Meat and Livestock Commission (MLC) that around 8% of lamb is now sold retail in a boneless form (boneless joints, lamb steaks, cubed lamb and minced lamb) and that this is a growing sector of the lamb market. Lamb is a small carcass unit (in comparison with beef and pork), has a high bone content and thus the cost of boning-out lamb carcasses is high. To reduce costs there is advantage in buying heavier lambs (but only if they are lean) and the premium specification for lambs for producing boneless cuts (and other forms of products) are increasingly in the range 20 to 24 kg. Fatness continues to be the primary consumer negative about lamb. For 'bone-in' cuts it is difficult to trim, for boneless cuts extra trimming is possible but at the cost of reduced yields. There is a common specification for fatness in terms of MLC carcass classification — fat class 2 or 3L with increasing preference for the former. Conformation is the least important aspect of domestic market specifications. Nevertheless, for 'bone-in' cuts, particularly the important leg joint, shape is considered by many meat buyers as being important and most will be specifying carcasses of at least average shape, i.e. carcass class R. The export market is more complicated in terms of basic specifications. For the major market in northern and central France the specification is more or less identical to that of the major supermarkets in the domestic market. In south Europe requirement is for a much lighter lamb, 8 to 12 kg, very lean, fat class 1 and 2, and shape is almost irrelevant. Belgium and Germany require heavier lambs (18 to 22 kg) and this reflects usage in catering and processing. There is growing interest in quality assurance schemes for lamb in the UK based on various carcass, slaughterhouse, storage and distribution factors.


The capacity improvement mechanism with beam-tilting antennas for multi-cell base stations was studied under the consideration of the effect of log-normal shadowing, the height of antenna and the beam width. A beam-tilting scheme for multi-cell base stations of the CDMA cell system was proposed, in which beam-tilting technology for base stations is used in the whole CDMA cell system. The simulation results show that with the new scheme, the system capacity can be greatly improved.


Abstract Introduction: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) transformed HIV from a fatal disease to a chronic one, but it has adverse effects, such as the lipodystrophy syndrome, characterized by morphological and metabolic changes, such as reduced bone mineral density (BMD), potentiating morbidities and mortality. Strength training (ST) aims to increase BMD, due to the osteogenic effect. Objective: To verify the impact of strength training on BMD in people with HIV. Methods: This is a quasi-experimental study, which included 40 people with a mean age of 50 ± 6 years, separated into trained group (TG, n = 20) and control group (CG, n = 20), with reduction in BMD, HIV-positive, using HAART and without exercising. BMD was assessed by DEXA in the lumbar spine, femoral neck and distal 1/3 of the radius, before and after 12 weeks, with the GT submitted to 36 ST and the CG without physical training in the DEXA evaluation in the same time interval. Results: TG had a significant increase with great effect on BMD in all segments: lumbar spine (p = 0.001; ES: 1.87), femoral neck (p = 0.003; ES: 2.20) and 1/3 distal of the radius (p = 0.001; ES: 1.81). Meanwhile, CG group showed a significant reduction with great effect on the femoral neck (p = 0.020; ES: 2.56) and 1/3 distal of the radius (p = 0.015; ES: 2.93), while the lumbar spine showed a great effect to reduce BMD (p = 0.293; ES: 1.78). Conclusion: ST can be used as a therapeutic resource to increase BMD in people with HIV, contributing to the advancement in the search for non-drug therapeutic practices.


This chapter provides a summary of a landmark study in surgery. Should patients undergoing noncardiac surgery receive a perioperative beta blocker to prevent cardiovascular complications? Starting with that question, it describes the basics of the study, including funding, study location, who was studied, how many patients, study overview, study intervention, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, discusses implications, and concludes with a relevant clinical case.


The management of extensive skin cancer regions requires full removal of the cancerous area, with the establishment of clear safety borders and successful replacement of the skin defects, with near-healthy skin tissue (skin flap) or combination flaps, necessitated by big defects. Reporting on a real case, a Rectangular Triple Sliding Island (RTSI) or 'Pythagorean' flap procedure was performed, in the side area of the neck of an old aged, and haemorrhagic patient. The procedure involved alternating rotation flaps, in the area with big and extended mobility, in order to facilitate the patient and, for their survival, to provide blood flow to the flap. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the RTSI flap procedure is successfully attempted, with no relative literature existing prior to it. Hopefully, the RTSI flap procedure will be of benefit among skin cancer patients in the future and will even continue to improve as the number of applications increases, granting more experience.


There are many discussions regarding the best possible type of air showers to radio detection. In this study and based on CORSIKA and CoREAS simulations, we investigate the best type of cosmic ray air showers especially with regard to experimental purposes. Two types of air showers are under considerations, Vertical and Inclined. We compare raw radio pulses and filtered peak radio amplitude patterns for different electric field components in the 32 to 64 MHz frequency band using a specially designed computer code to investigate a series of vertical and inclined air showers initiating from proton and Iron primary particles with 10 to 10 eV energy ranges. It is found that despite having smaller values in specific distances from shower core, inclined air showers provide more expanded and consistent radio signals and peak radio amplitude values throughout an entire radio detection area compared to vertical air showers. Moreover inclined air showers provide more time window for radio detection which is very important in real experiments.


This report studies causes and measures of users' utilization and design capacity gap. Utilization scenario development schedule does not always synchronize with building's volume study. Distributed locker rooms were kicked out from the resident floor to upper concentrated floor because of task adjacency needs, which may cause the second ride on elevators during morning peak. Lunch room was also kicked out to the top floor, which might cause the third ride. Work efficiency, they believe, had priority over waiting time for morning elevators, however, no one expected such a long line.


Syphilis, appropriately dubbed "the great impostor," often eludes early identification and treatment. Incidence in the U.S. reached an all-time low in


The role of election management bodies (EMBs) in consolidation of democracy, peace and stability in Africa cannot be overemphasised. Kenya's electoral bodies have struggled to assert their autonomy from the executive, a prerequisite for credible elections, since the advent of multiparty politics in 1991. The violently disputed presidential elections in 2007 were partly triggered by a partisan and politicised electoral body. The Chairman of the defunct Electoral Commission of Kenya (ECK) controversially declared the incumbent, Mwai Kibaki, winner, igniting unprecedented ethnic violence. In the midst of the crisis, he explosively confessed that he did not know who won the elections. The 2013 elections were meant to restore Kenyans' confidence in elections. However, Raila Odinga, the controversial presidential loser in 2007, once again accused the electoral body, the Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission (IEBC), of electoral fraud in favour of Uhuru Kenyatta. Consequently, the opposition called for the disbandment of the IEBC. Are electoral bodies per se the cause of perennial disputed elections in Kenya?


The morphology and habits of diamond single crystals that were seed-grown in the diamond thermodynamic stability region have been studied. Diamond single crystals were grown by the temperature gradient method in a recessed-anvil type high-pressure apparatus at a pressure of 6 GPa and temperatures from 1350 to 1420 °C. The paper describes the characteristic features of face surfaces of the crystals under study. We have indexed the faces using an optical goniometer. It has been found that there are five main habit types of crystals.


This paper briefly describes six techniques developed for evaluating reliability of systems with complex configuration. Also, a brief comment about the computational aspects and applicability of each technique as applied to water distribution system reliability evaluation are made. Five techniques, except the connection matrix method, are applied to a simple looped water distribution system involving four demand points and eight pipe sections. It is found that all methods yield practically the same system reliability. However, from the computational viewpoint, the cut set method with a first-order approximation is the most efficient.


Intramolecularly formed S∴N three-electron-bonded radical cations have been identified as transient intermediates in the ′OH radical-induced oxidation of 3-(methylthio)propylamine, methionine, and methionine ethyl ester. A similarly bonded radical is also indicated in the reduction of dehydromethionine by hydrated electrons. Intramolecular S∴O-bonded intermediates are suggested to be formed in the ˙OH-induced oxidation of 4-(methylthio)butyric acid and S-methylcysteine. All these three-electron-bonded species exhibit optical absorptions with maxima in the 380–400 nm range. The observable S∴O-bonded transient from S-methylcysteine is presumed to be protonated at oxygen. Favourable steric structures, particularly five-membered rings, significantly increase the probability of formation and the overall stability of a particular three-electron bond. Under comparable conditions, i.e. structure, substituents, consecutive chemistry, etc., the S∴O bond appears to be considerably weaker than corresponding S∴N and S∴S bonds.


Background and Objective: Color M‐mode flow propagation velocity (Vp) has been reported as a preload‐independent measure of diastolic function. To study the effects of loading conditions on diastolic function assessment in patients on chronic hemodialysis, we measured Vp and conventional Doppler indices pre‐ and posthemodialysis. Methods: Twenty hemodialysis patients with normal systolic function underwent measurement of Vp, early filling velocity (E), its deceleration time (DT), atrial contraction velocity (A), isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT), and pulmonary atrial flow reversal velocity (PFR) pre‐ and posthemodialysis. Twelve healthy controls underwent these same measurements. Results: Hemodialysis patients had significantly slower Vp at baseline than normal controls, while E/A, DT, IVRT, and pulmonary flow reversal were not significantly different. E, IVRT, and PFR were affected by hemodialysis, while color M‐mode flow propagation velocities, A, and DT were not. Conclusions: Color M‐mode flow propagation velocity seems to be a preload‐independent measure of diastolic function in chronic hemodialysis patients in whom isolated diastolic dysfunction appears prevalent.


This paper proposes a method for reducing crosstalk between right and left images displayed on a stereoscopic display. The underlying reason of crosstalk in stereoscopic displays is mainly due to the technological methodology applied in the display hardware. Lack of stereoscopic isolation between the left and right image pairs causes both images to be partly observed by each eye. This causes deterioration or even total loss in the observed 3D perception. The proposed study offers a method to reduce the observed crosstalk in real time and hence creating a superior 3D perceptual quality.


In the current analysis vibration characteristics of a cylindrical shell composed of three layers are examined. This configuration is framed by three layers of different materials in thickness direction such that the inner and outer layers are of isotropic nature and functionally graded material is used for the middle layer. The shell is supported on Winkler and Pasternak foundations. Love shell equations are considered to study the vibration problem. The Winkler and Pasternak foundations are combined with the shell dynamical equations in the transverse direction. The present shell problem is solved by using wave propagation approach. A few comparisons of shell frequencies are done to verify the validity and accuracy of the present technique.


As an alternative to an industrial placement, five students in the penultimate year of a biology degree undertook a three month full-time group project. This was the production of a schools teaching package (video and booklet) on introductory practical microbiology, intended for commercial distribution. The project is described.


Role of the pharmacy technician in pharmacy practice pharmacy calculations, abbreviations and terminology pharmacy law drug classifications and formulations what happens when a prescription is processed assisting with pharmaceutical care activities pharmacy computer systems and automation interacting with patients compounding, bulk compounding and radiopharmaceuticals preparation of injectable drugs how pharmacies are paid for prescriptions inventory control and management special considerations - drug formularies, storage, recalls and diversion quality control and assurance fitting into your workplace.


Abstract : Positive polarity applied voltage and gas pressure dependent scaling of cathode directed streamer propagation properties in helium gas flow guided capillary dielectric barrier discharge have been quantified from streamer velocity, streamer current, and streamer optical diameter measurements. All measurements of the non-stochastic streamer properties have been performed in a variable gas pressure glass cell with N2 co-flow and under self-consistent Poisson electric field dominated conditions to permit data comparison with 2-D streamer dynamics models in air/nitrogen. The streamer optical diameter was found to be nearly independent of both gas pressures, from 170 Torr up to 760 Torr, and also for applied voltages from 6 to 11 kV at 520 Torr. The streamer velocity was found to increase quadratically with increased applied voltage. These observed differences in the 2-D scaling properties of ionization wave sustained cathode directed streamer propagation in helium flow channel with N2 annular co-flow compared to the streamer propagation in air or nitrogen have been shown to be caused by the remnant ionization distribution due to large differences in the dissociative recombination rates of He2 + versus N4 + ions, for this 5 kHz repetition rate applied voltage pulse generated streamers.


A port State can play a critical role in preventing IUU caught fish from entering the market and international trade, hence reducing the financial incentives that may be gained from such activities. IUU fishing is not only caused by ineffective flag State control and inadequate coastal State enforcement. Because under international law States have full sovereignty over their ports and to control their nationals, discussions among States on port State measures have mostly concentrated on foreign vessels. Port State measures that may be applied to foreign fishing vessels include the requirement for fishing vessels to seek permission prior to their entry into ports; designation of ports where foreign flagged vessels may be admitted; the inspection of fishing vessels in ports; and enforcement actions such as the refusal to land or transship fish in ports if there is clear evidence that the fishing vessel has engaged in IUU fishing.Keywords: foreign fishing vessels; IUU fishing; port State measures


An earth-rock dam break centrifugal model test analysis method is characterized by comprising the following steps that (1) an earth-rock dam break test special model box is arranged; (2) the working principle and the stress similarity criterion of a centrifugal machine are used, an earth-rock dam prototype and a 1/N-contraction-scale centrifugal test model are obtained, under the Ng centrifugal acceleration condition, the linear size ratio of the model and the prototype is 1/N, and the earthing stress of the model and the prototype is the same; (3) according to the seepage similarity criterion, the obtained permeability coefficient of centrifugal model earth is N times of the permeability coefficient of prototype earth; (4) according to the shearing strength similarity criterion, the particle diameter of model cohesiveless earth-rock materials is reduced by N times; and (5) according to the water flow similarity criterion, the similarity criterion of commonly-used physical quantity in an earth-rock dam break centrifugal model test is obtained. The method is not limited or restricted by fields, a large amount of earth and a large number of water resources are of no need during testing, and the method has the advantages of being low in cost and short in time.


A future estimation concerning the world population, energy and material consumption and global ecological sustainability, indicates the need for radical changes in products and system development. The background theory is operating with numbers which call for 25-95% (factor 4-20) reduction in material consumption per capita, and 50% reduction in total global extraction of material resources. These numbers are evaluated by researchers and ecodesigners in research projects, to explore and construct new procedures for future development. This paper is presenting a suggestion for a new general design methodology divided in six phases, based on the results from a pilot project focusing on the drinking systems in the Norwegian market. The methodology is including three major principles which seem to reveal promising results. These principles appear in the methodology through phase A; including broad and transdisciplinary analyses, phase B; execution of long term (30-40 years) diverse scenario building, and phase C; parallel design of products and systems towards total concept solutions. The paper is closing by proposing further research which explores this thinking as eco-innovation expressed in three categories; the human process and organisation, the methodology with its three principles and finally, the end results as new designs of product and system concepts.


The expression of bilateral non-metric traits is rarely symmetrical. This simple observation has generated a large amount of scientific literature over the years. The present article defines the concept of fluctuating asymmetry which characterises the expression of human skeletal non-metric traits, and evokes the controversial role of genetics in the amount of asymmetry encountered, as well as the different types of environmental factors which have been thought to play a role in bilateral trait expression. Two simple procedures are proposed in order to arrive at an unbiased estimation of the degree of fluctuating asymmetry present within different samples. Finally, the "individual count" method is recommended, based on the basic premise that an individual bas only a single genotype for any specific trait, and should therefore be classified in only one phenotypic category.


A system and method for actively cancelling steering nibble in an electric power steering system 10 relying on the steps of detecting steering wheel nibble; calculating an active nibble cancelling torque based on the detected steering wheel 12 nibble signal; and using an electric motor in the electric power steering system as an actuator to apply nibble cancelling torque thereby eliminating nibble. An algorithm is provided for implementing the invention. Frequencies for cancellation are selected. Digital signal filtering is employed by a controller 50. A steering wheel vibration cancelling torque signal is added to an assist torque signal provided to the electric power steering system 10, thereby eliminating steering wheel vibration.


BACKGROUND
Interviews with 8 transformational nursing leaders are presented.

PURPOSE
My purpose was to provide a picture of leadership principles and values as practiced by transformational nursing leaders.

METHOD
Interviews were conducted as person-to-person, by telephone, or through e-mail.

DISCUSSION
The leaders shared their transformational leadership qualities, ideas of a successful environment, effective change strategies, antecedents for success, and visions for the future of nursing practice.

CONCLUSIONS
All of the transformational leaders interviewed strive for excellence, value integrity, shape their environment for success, demonstrate perseverance, attempt to improve the lives of others, possess a genuine love for people, motivate others with inspiration, "invent" the future, and share the path toward self-discovery.