The article start from curiosity that I want to know changed space's meaning from National Violence through Jo Jeong Rae's Han River. I'm using a concept 'the heterotopia of narrative space' for define about the space's remember and re-construct, changed space, Identity of space on text. Parallel and divisive space is a dynamic life form that generate new meaning and control human by human's social movements. Seoul become democratic space for justice on 19.April.1960. but characters' space become different space like experience fear, shyness, mortified oneself, cowardice. Character's remember become carving remember by suppress, beating, torture on their body. Past pain reappear present experience in blind panopticon that is created remember Panopticon automate power, de-individuation and leave person under the field of visibility, characters recognize relation of power by oneself and come in boundary. They think that they were being watched or not, they were locked the obedience principle by discipline mechanism. but they try to overcome boundary with care for the self's eyes in the points of support about authority. They insist that the resistance about national violence is justified sovereignty action and recognize new meaning of spaces as ethical identity. They make identity space through remember's restructure, build life's field in 'the heterotopia of narrative space' Character break fantastic image of space and make identity space in seoul. They let loose of the past as reconstruct their remembers and go to the new world and make identity space. Ilmin and Ilphyo brothers can't take their positions as the involvement guilty system but they can take their position as use power of a capitalistic. Han Ingon who is a member of the national assembly, he want to go to right path but feel limits and recognize that the first how is settle about pro-japanese, he publish a pro-japanese biographical dictionary. Lee GyuBack who is a survivor on 19.April.1960. was ashamed and feel about shyness, helplessness, sense of shame in front of national authority as a public prosecutor and become a people lawyer. Characters make a rescue theirselves in violence space through care for the self's eyes. These eyes start resistant about political authority. The violence space become de-obedience space, that is a open and real identity space. Character re-construct the past painful remember through new experience and take a position on open space. It is a active movement and has a identity space


The Brisbane Supreme Court has denied an Australian woman's request to harvest and freeze her dead fiancé's sperm for future impregnation. After she was denied access to the sperm, the woman learnt that her fiancé may have been a sperm donor and she began checking to find out if his sperm was still available. Given what we know, there is a good ethical argument that the woman should have access to the sperm and should be allowed to have her dead fiancé's child. Another aspect of this case is that it illustrates the way in which ethics, law, and personal opinion can differ.


According to Hofstede, there are many approach to define culture: (1) culture as symbols; (2) culture as expressed by heroes; (3) culture as rituals; and (4) culture as a set of values. There are also many ways to investigate culture from communication perspective—ethnography of communication is one of them. Based on Lindlof and Taylor definition about ethnography of communication, this article outlined many issues from the definition of ethnography to methods, perspective and analysis unit. Ethnography of communication is a unique method of communication research that could be applied in many communication activities.


Time as a Fa Consider the general case diator, X. In the present cont to an index ofspeed ofproct be virtually any variable h11 tribute to at least some of the ences in cognition. How can r age-related changes in X mi1 for age-related changes in y? lations could be investigare tween age and X, between a rween X andY. But how can one determi *'hat extent, the relations im contribute to the observed rcll and Y? The mere existence < not sufficient because a great I related to age, but it is unlike rnvolved in the relations berc ables reflecting cognitive fui .rmple, both gray hair and po< ren related to increased age in rn age-heterogeneous samp rbund to be related to each oth roth are associated with incre .''ne could not conclude that g rhe decline in memory thar o rncreased age because all of rrons need to be considered sin rs. evidence is needed to estab bination of relations between I r*'een X and Y do in fact con .erved relation between age ar Three major techniques co restigate the hypothesized linl I t. All involve examining tbe rge and Y after eliminating c :elation between age and X. In rectation is that the relation h '.r ill be greatly reduced or elim :r is mediated through X. One possible strategy consis :rperimental intervention to al Ideally the intervention would o :ng X in older adults to the le\t rnd thereby eliminate the rclar rnd X. Experimental manipula most convincing way to establi a causal relation because ifX is rhat has been altered then it mr tor the observed differences. Ur vention approaches may not t present context ifthe X variaH over a period of many decadc Timothy A. Salthouse The theme of this chapter is that it is meaningful to think of time as increasing and then decreasing as a function ofage. Ofcourse I am not referring to time in an objective physical sense, but rather functional time in the sense of the amount needed required to carry out many cog-nitive operations. Several years ago Robert Kail and I (Kail & Salthouse, 1994) suggested that time can be viewed as a processing resource that alters with age if changes occur in the time needed to execute operations since fewer operations will be able to be completed in a given period of time. In this chapter I …


The presence of a hole conducting agent in a quasi-solid state dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) may improve cell parameters. The paper reports on the photovoltaic properties of two types of cells, one containing a layer of CuI on a dye coated ZnO electrode (cell A) and the other with CuI dispersed in a gel electrolyte (cell B). The cell A generated a short circuit current density of 7.45 mA·cm, an open-circuit voltage of 0.56 V, a fill factor of 0.54 and an overall power conversion efficiency of 2.26% under 100 mW·cm (air mass: 1.5). In cell B, an enhancement in its performance was observed. The cell showed 2.67% efficiency with a short circuit current density of 8.75 mA·cm, an open-circuit voltage of 0.59 V and a fill factor of 0.52. The increase in the performance is attributed to the improvement in the hole transport in the electrolyte. The efficiency of cell B was further increased to 3.38% by introducing a compact layer of ZnO 106 nm thick.


We report on the development of a versatile and portable optical profilometer and show its applicability for quick and accurate digitization of 3-D objects. The profilometer is an advanced fringe-projection system that uses a calibrated LCD matrix for fringe-pattern generation, a hierarchical sequence of fringe patterns to demodulate the measured phase, and a photogrammetric calibration technique to obtain accurate 3-D data in the measurement volume. The setup in itself is mechanically stable and allows for a measurement volume of about 1x1x0.5 m3. We discuss the calibration of the sensor and demonstrate the process of recording phase data for several sub-views, generating 3-D point clouds from them, and synthesizing the CAD representation of an entire 3-D object by merging the data sets.


Yellow mignonette (Reseda lutea (L.) # RESLU) is a broadleaf perennial weed that is native to the Mediterranean Basin and Asia Minor. It has been spread around the world and is widely recognized in Australia as a troublesome noxious weed in croplands. It is a problem in cropland and pastures because of its high seed output, extensive reproductive root system, ability to thrive under disturbed conditions, and high nitrate levels. While nitrate levels of 2.5 to 3.1% have been detected in plants during the rosette to early flower growth stages, when yellow mignonette is most palatable, no livestock injury or deaths have been reported. Yellow mignonette was first reported in Montana in 1958 but was not recognized as a weed problem until 1990. Since 1988 it has invaded several hundred hectares of small grains and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)-grass pastures in Central Montana and is spreading rapidly along gravel road shoulders.


The conservation and management of the Patagonian Toothfish became a topic of intense media scrutiny during 2003. Although this conservation issue is not new, the action taken by the Australian Government to pursue a suspected illegal fishing vessel 3900 nautical miles across the high seas, raised the profile of this issue to new heights. The Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) is the organisation responsible for the conservation and management of the Toothfish in the Southern Ocean. As a result of the recent interest in this conservation issue, the conservation and management measures taken by CCAMLR are now being viewed more closely. This paper examines recent events and scrutinises the measures currently in place to conserve and protect the Patagonian Toothfish. GCAS 2003/2004----------------------------------------------------Rob Curtin 3 -


Formal program development has gained widespread academic interest as a rigorous software engineering technique. One of the main hurdles for the wider IT industry in adopting these formal techniques is a lack of tools to support their use in combination with more traditional development techniques. This paper describes an integrated environment for object-oriented software development which incorporates formal Object-Z specifications for classes. These formal specification views are kept consistent with more traditional design and implementation views, allowing software developers to design, refine, implement and document their software utilising integrated formal techniques.


The present invention relates to a cosmetic composition for blocking UV and near-IR at the same time, (i) boron nitride; And (ii) cerium oxide, titanium oxide, talc, from the group consisting of aluminum oxide, iron oxide, zinc oxide and mica, at least one inorganic powder selected; relates to a cosmetic composition containing, a cosmetic coating during ultraviolet light A, B and the near infrared It can be blocked at the same time.


Efron [J. Roy. Statist. Soc. Ser. B 54 (1992) 83-1111 proposed a computationally efficient method, called the jackknife-after-bootstrap, for estimating the variance of a bootstrap estimator for independent data. For dependent data, a version of the jackknife-after-bootstrap method has been recently proposed by Lahiri [Econometric Theory 18 (2002) 79-98]. In this paper it is shown that the jackknife-after-bootstrap estimators of the variance of a bootstrap quantile are consistent for both dependent and independent data. Results from a simulation study are also presented.


This paper describes an effective executed method to interconnect two independent real-time application systems, according to the characters of real-time application systems. This method hardly update anywhere of these two systems, and the result of application in one power station is very good.


This article presents principles of similarity modeling, dimensional analysis, and the Buckingham (Π) theorem. A number of examples from different fields are given. Based on these principles, the similar phenomena concept was developed. The main goal of these forays is to help the work in the domain of experimental aeroelasticity.


A homothetic arithmetic function of ratio K is a function f : N → R such that f(Kn) = f(n) for every n ∈ N. Periodic arithmetic funtions are always homothetic, while the converse is not true in general. In this paper we study homothetic and periodic arithmetic functions. In particular we give an upper bound for the number of elements of f(N) in terms of the period and the ratio of f .


Production of biodiesel together with wastewater treatment and CO2 sequestration is a promising technology. The growing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increase the amount of dissolved CO2 in natural watercourses, triggering the increase in concentrations of bicarbonate and hydrogen ions while dropping those of carbonate and hydroxyl ions. The active carbon cycling in coastal areas, which can result in periodic and daily fluctuations in pH and CO2 concentrations that may surpass those anticipated for the extensive marine ecosystems, is regarded as one of the consequences of climate change. Studies were conducted to examine the effects of various pH levels on algal growth and lipid production in order to better understand how the growth of algae may be influenced in such conditions. In the present study, the influence of three different pH levels (6, 8, and 10) was studied to evaluate microalgae's carbohydrate utilisation and lipid accumulation during the operation's starvation phase (SP). Microalgae, in the study, were cultivated in two modes, namely mixotrophic [growth phase (GP)] and autotrophic [pH-induced (SP)] conditions. Enhancement in biomass formation, and intracellular carbohydrate accumulation were recorded during the GP operation, while noticeable lipid productivities (Total/neutral, 26.93/10.3%) were observed during SP operation at pH 8. Pigment analysis showed variations in both the procedures where higher Chl a concentration was noticed in GP, and higher Chl b was detected during SP. Nile red fluorescent staining strongly supports the existence of intracellular lipid bodies (LB). GC analysis of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) showed the existence of a substantial amount of saturated fatty acids (SFA) compared with unsaturated fatty acids (USFA). Efficient wastewater treatment with nutrient assimilation was reported during the GP operation, demonstrating the phyco-remediation.


Deterioration of concrete structures in the Gulf region is a serious problem. Penetration of Chloride ion into concrete is responsible for such early deterioration. Determination of chloride diffusion coefficient is an effective way to predict the service life of concrete structures. In order to investigate the performance of concrete mixtures in such environments, ordinary and silica fume concrete mixtures containing various water to cementitious materials ratios were used. Rapid chloride permeability test and determination of diffusion coefficient of chloride ion penetration in accordance with bulk diffusion test under laboratory conditons simulated to Persian Gulf climate, and site investigation were performed. Concentration of chloride ions in various depths of concrete specimens was measured using acid soluble chloride test method. Test results show that silica fume reduces the chloride penetration and the diffusion coefficient in concrete mixtures. Different models were made for rapid chloride test results, and diffusion coefficient, of concretes maintained in the hot and corrosive environments of the Persian Gulf. The models which were calibrated with real data obtained from the concrete structures are capable to predict the penetration and service life of concrete structures in such corrosive environments.


The utility model discloses a variable gain self-adaption bias power amplifier based on common-mode feedback, which comprises radio frequency (RF) input signals, an envelope detection module, a bias voltage control module, an operational amplifier module and a signal output module. An input end of the envelope detection module is connected with the RF input signals, and an output end is connected with the operational amplifier module; the bias voltage control module is connected with the operational amplifier module; and an input end of the signal output module is connected with the operational amplifier module and the RF input signals, and an output end is connected with an input end of a power amplifier (PA). According to the variable gain self-adaption bias power amplifier, the problem that the path delay of self-adaption bias circuit affects the performance of the PA in the prior art is solved; and as the variable gain amplifier with high bandwidth stacks envelope detection values on direct current bias, the variable gain amplifier can not only achieve the stack of the direct current bias and envelope signals, but also be used for adjusting the size of the envelope signals, and achieve effective compensation of linearity of the PA.


In this work, we present the results of a geochemical characterization of major and trace elements of household dust in the city of Huelva. Dust samples were collected in 100 house distributed in the city in October 2013. Also, control-dust was sampled in small villages around Huelva. Analyses were performed by ICP-OES and ICP-MS at the Central Laboratories of the University of Huelva, after attack with HF + HNO3 + HClO4 according to
Querol et al. (2004).


Two cases of the Prader‐Willi syndrome with 46, XY/47, XY, + mar are reported. The majority of Prader‐Willi patients with chromosome abnormalities have either 15/15 translocations or mosaicism. Both of these aberrations presumably occur after fertilization. A possible relationship between high parental age and chromosome abnormalities in the Prader‐Willi syndrome is discussed.


FIELD: fertilizer production. SUBSTANCE: method involves by-layer applying a mixture consisting of polyisocyanate with polyhedral alcohol. This mixture is applied by parts at layer thickness 10-30 mcm, preferably 15-20 mcm. Layers were hardened using liquid amine after each layer hardening amine concentration is decreased to noncatalytically active level. The produced fertilizer exhibits the prolonged action. EFFECT: improved method of producing, enhanced quality and property of fertilizer. 2 cl, 8 dwg, 1 tbl


In any sector R&D plays an important role in success of their business. It is essentially an investment in technology and future capabilities which is transformed into products, services etc. R&D is the key component of innovation and in developing competitive advantage. Many companies ignore the importance of R&D. Especially Indian companies R&D spending is increasing year by year. In 2016 it has increased from $66.49bn to $71.48bn and it is expected to reach $77bn by the end of the year 2017. But when we take individual sector growth in R&D there is some lag in it. This paper looks into R&D investments in IT services. The IT sector in India constitute nearly 7.7% of national GDP. In the country, despite of huge talent pool, still the companies are lacking in good quality research output. The present situation, where foreign companies coming to India and setting up their R&D centers and gaining the competitive advantage across the globe. The major development in IT services will be block chain technology, Artificial Intelligence etc. But some companies are going for acquisitions as a developmental strategy instead of spending money in R&D, for example Infosys former CEO mentioned in 2016, why should we spend money in what we now instead we will go for acquisitions of company which are developing. This mind set is also one of the reason for the lack of growth in R&D in IT sector. In this paper we have analyzed about the investment in R&D of various IT companies in India with other foreign companies.


Background: "Dens in Dente" is another name for Dens invaginatus. It's an uncommon developmental aberration that comes in a range of shapes and sizes. Invagination begins in the crown and may go to the root. The goal of this study was to use CBCT and panoramic pictures created from CBCT scans to evaluate the existence, kind, and features of DI in full-mouth surveys in Saudi patients presenting to Qassim dental college, and to compare the findings of the imaging modalities.
Methods: This retrospective cohort study was performed by using 302 previously obtained CBCT records of patients from the database of the oral and maxillofacial radiology department of Qassim University, Saudi Arabia from yer 2016 to 2021. The research was ethically approved by the ethical approval committee of Qassim university (Code #: F-2019-3005).
Results: In the present study, the age of the patients ranged from 9 to 80 years (mean age was 44 years). Out of 302 scans, 153 patients were female, and 149 were found to be male. According to the Cohen kappa test, the inter-examiner agreement was high between the 2 assessments of the observers: k = 0.795, P < .000 for CBCT and k = 0.915, P < .000 for panoramic images rendered from CBCT images. On the basis of the CBCT images, DI was observed in 98 of the 302 patients (frequency, 32.5%). Type I DI was the most commonly observed type of invaginatus (93.9%), followed by type II (6.1%). However, type III was not being observed.
Conclusion: We can deduce that there is no special relationship between gender and the presence of dens invagnatus. When it comes to diagnosing and classifying dens invaginatus, CBCT images outperform rendered panoramic images. Because it provides an accurate representation of the external and internal dental anatomy, as well as appropriate visualization of associated characteristics with such cases that would be absolutely necessary in their treatment phases, CBCT can be recommended as an effective diagnostic device for identifying DI.


Distance relays are subject to fail to detect some earth faults since the fault resistance is usually much more in the earth faults rather than the ph-ph faults. Typically a traditional zero-sequence-based method is used to detect a high-resistance earth fault. However, this method fails to detect some high-resistance earth faults. On the other hand, it may trip under normal conditions where there is a little unbalance. This paper introduces a new method utilizing both zero-sequence components and wavelet transform to detect high-resistance earth faults. This method does not trip under normal conditions due to unbalancing whereas it is very sensitive to high-resistance earth faults. It will be shown by using proper simulations that the proposed method is fast and reliable.


The aim of this study was to analyze the sociological and psychological consequences of market-seeking behavior of teachers in city of Zanjan and also to describe the appropriate and inappropriate results of such behavior. In this study, the phenomenological qualitative approach by Colaizzi model was used. The members of the study target population consisted of 48 samples of all market-seeking teachers, non-market-seeking teachers, parents and the students of Zanjan city high schools, who were studying in the academic year of 2015-2016. The consequences of market-seeking behavior of teachers were classified into two categories:Sociological consequences and Psychological consequences.The study sampling method was objective-based and was continued until achieving full saturation. The results analysis was done according to the proposed Colaizzi model.To ensure the accountability and credibility of the research, the results analyzed were given to 15 participants in the interview for adaptation, which were guaranteed by the members. This suggests that the present findings were similar to the experiences of them. In the results section, 39 market-seeking behaviors of teachers were explained. The outcomes discussed by the participants group were numerous and varied, but this behavior has been mostly described inappropriate.


Marine copepods have a great ability to accumulate trace metals from seawater. The trace metal content in marine copepods may vary both intra- and inter-specifically. However, the known specific trace metal content of the copepod sexes and according to the ovigerous status of the females is very limited. Copepod samples of Euchaeta concinna Dana, 1849, were collected from the southern East China Sea and separated into four groups: males; non-ovigerous females; ovigerous females without egg sacs, and egg sacs, in order to analyse the trace metal contents (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) in these samples. These trace metal contents were found to range between 0.04 and 195.7 μg/g. Zinc, Fe, and Cu were the major components among the trace metals studied and their concentrations generally exceeded 10 μg/g. The trace metal contents in the copepod body generally exceeded the amount in the egg sacs. However, the Cr concentration in the egg sacs was much higher than that in the copepod body, either male or female, and the value ranked as second just behind Zn among the metals studied. The nickel content was also slightly higher in the egg sacs. This study provides the important finding that E. concinna egg sacs contained Cr concentrations out of all proportions to that of the copepod body. Yet, why E. concinna egg sacs contain relatively higher Cr concentrations than the body remains a question to be answered.


To study a vaccine which can be used to effectively prevent koi herpes virus,koi herpes virus ORF136 gene was selected,the recombinant plasmid PET32a-ORF136 was induced by IPTG,SDS-PAGE detection of the protein indicate the size of 36.4 kDa bands(contains his tags).Purified protein immuned carps,and serum was collected in different days,antibodies level of serum were determined by indirect ELISA.The results show that health koi can induce the production of KHV antibodies after immune proteins at 10,20 and 40 μg/fish were intramuscular injected into health kois,respectively.The antibody levels of the group of 20 μg/fish and the group of 40 μg/fish were higher than the group of 10 μg/fish,and the differences were not significant(P 0.05).


A start-up already at its origin has to solve the crucial existential condition that is a viable business model. The purpose of the research is to deepen and expand the knowledge about the structure of the start-up business model and its impact on entrepreneurial performance. Field research was carried out in three stages over one and a half years. The source of knowledge about the studied start-ups has been the personal experience recorded in the questionnaire. Start-ups are small closed communities that do not sufficiently shape external partnerships, cannot reach the customers, although they can identify them well enough, try to improve the business model blocks but they do not pay attention to their coordination and perceive the monetization in a simplified way. The impact of the business model on start-up performance has been confirmed but the internal blocks affect business performance unambiguously over the three stages of the research. The best conversion of users to customers and subsequently to revenues are distinctive for the start-ups with their own simple distribution channel and partners who are experienced distributors. The lessons learned can directly improve the results of start-ups when their incompleteness and imperfection will be substituted by appropriate partners. Start-ups provide a space for the new jobs and the self-realization of ambitious people with a sense of service for society. Empirical research on start-ups identifies their weaknesses and possibilities to increase their entrepreneurial performance.


Evapotranspiration (ET) is an important part of the water, carbon, and energy cycles in ecosystems, especially in the drylands. However, due to the particularity of sparse vegetation, the estimation accuracy of ET has been relatively low in the drylands. Therefore, based on the dry climate and sparse vegetation distribution characteristics of the drylands, this study optimized the core algorithms (canopy boundary resistance, aerodynamic resistance, and sparse vegetation coverage) and explored an ET estimation method in the Shuttleworth–Wallace two-layer model (SW model). Then, the Beijing–Tianjin sandstorm source region (BTSSR) was used as the study area to evaluate the applicability of the improved model in the drylands. Results show that: (1) The R2 value of the improved model results was increased by 1.4 and the RMSE was reduced by 1.9 mm, especially in extreme value regions of ET (maximum or minimum). (2) Regardless of the spatial distribution and seasonal changes of the ET (63–790 mm), the improved ET estimation model could accurately capture the differences. Furtherly, the different vegetation regions could stand for the different climate regions to a certain extent. The accuracy of the optimized model was higher in the semi-arid region (R2 = 0.92 and 0.93), while the improved model had the best improvement effect in the arid region, with R2 increasing by 0.12. (3) Precipitation was the decisive factor affecting vegetation transpiration and ET, with R2 value for both exceeding 0.9. The effect of vegetation coverage (VC) was less. This method is expected to provide a more accurate and adaptable model for the estimation of ET in the drylands.


In this paper the Zigbee baseband transceiver for Residue number system are simulated. Here the improved pn sequence of 32 bit are generated. The created pn sequence is having less correlation between each bit. The Bit error rate of the PN sequence is less as compared to the Standard IEEE 802.15.4. The performance of the sequence is tested in MATLAB. The baseband design is coded in hardware description language verilog HDL and simulated in modelsim simulator. The PN sequence generated for the different symbols of the ZigBee standard are performs better than the defined ZigBee standard for the transceiver.


We consider solutions to low energy string theory which have a horizon and a spacelike symmetry. Each of these solutions has a geometrically different dual description. We show that the dual solution has a horizon with exactly the same Hawking temperature (surface gravity) and entropy (area) as the original solution.


Objective
To observe the effects of low levels of positive end expiratory pressure on cerebral hemodynamics in patients with gastric cancer undergoing laparoscopic radical resection surgery under general anesthesia.

Methods
80 patients(ASAⅠ-Ⅱ), scheduled to undergo laparoscopic radical gastrostomy, were randomly divided into group A, and group B, each group had 40 cases. The ventilation parameters of group A:tidal volume(VT): 8 ml/kg, respiratory rate(RR): 12 min, positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP):5 cm H2 O(1 cm H2 O= 0.098 kPa). Group B was:VT:8 ml/kg, RR:12 min.Recording the average blood flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery(Vm),mean arterial pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR), transcutaneous oxygen saturation(SpO2),end-tidal carbon dioxide pressure(PetCO2)of the two group before pneumoperitoneum(T0),30 min after pneumoperitoneum(T1), 1 hours(T2)and 2 hours(T3)after pneumoperitoneum. Blood samples of jugular bulb and radial artery were obtained at each time point for blood gas analysis, detection the arterial oxygen pressure(PaO2), arterial carbon dioxide pressure(PaCO2), arterial oxygen saturation(SaO2), hemoglobin concentration(Hb), internal jugular venous blood oxygen partial pressure(PjvO2), internal jugular venous oxygen saturation(SjvO2), jugular venous oxygen content(CjvO2), and arterial-jugular venous oxygen content difference(Da-jvO2).

Results
Compared with T0,the Vm,SjvO2, PaCO2 of the two groups increased significantly at each time point(P<0.05).But the Vm, SjvO2 of group A at T2 was significantly lower than that in group B(P<0.05),and the PaCO2 of group A at T1 and T2 were(35.5±2.7),(40.7±3.5)mm Hg respectively, which significantly lower than that of group B [(39.9±3.1),(49.4±4.7)mm Hg,P<0.05].And the Vm of group A at T2 was(68.9±8.1)cm/s,significantly lower than that of group B(P<0.05).Compared with T0, the Da- jvO2 at T2 of two groups decreased significantly(P<0.05),and between the two groups, A group decreased significantly than that in B group(P<0.05).

Conclusion
The low level of positive end expiratory pressure in patients undergoing laparoscopic radical gastrostomy with general anesthesia can effectively reduce the hypercapnia during operation, and improve cerebral hyperperfusion state,so as to improve the cerebral blood flow and improve cerebral oxygen supply and demand balance.

Key words:
Positive end expiratory pressure; Laparoscopy; Radical gastrectomy; Cerebral hemodynamics


With the speed of electronic devices approaching that of light, the use of multiple processors interconnected by a network offers the promise of a quantum leap in computing power for solving very large computational problems. The development of such multiprocessor systems has been accelerated by the improved price/performance ratio, compared to that of mainframes.
When the number of processors in a multiprocessor system increases, two issues, namely subsystem allocation and fault tolerance, become very important. Subsystem allocation is essential to a multiprocessor system that is intended to support a multiuser environment. Similar to memory allocation, the primary objectives of subsystem allocation are to maximize the processor utilization and to minimize processor fragmentation in order to accommodate all the incoming tasks. Since a large multiprocessor system is vulnerable to faults, fault tolerance is extremely important in order to achieve sustained high performance.
Since hypercube and multistage interconnection network (MIN) are two of the most popular architectures used in multiprocessor systems, this dissertation addresses the following issues related to subsystem allocation and fault tolerance: (1) Design of a processor allocation strategy to reduce processor fragmentation and maximize system utilization, (2) Development of a partitioning technique for MIN's, (3) Development of a fault-tolerant reconfiguration technique for hypercubes and a fault-tolerant subcube allocation scheme, and (4) Subsystem reliability analysis for hypercubes and MIN's.
A new strategy using the concept of processor weights is proposed for subcube allocation. The weight of a processor is defined as the number of allocated processors that are the immediate neighbors of the processor. In addition, a systematic methodology is designed for partitioning a class of MIN's in order to facilitate subsystem allocation. The novel fault-tolerant reconfiguration technique is developed by taking advantage of the distant-insensitive wormhole routing technique. Based on the reconfiguration technique, a fault-tolerant subcube allocation is also proposed. Finally, two combinatorial reliability models, probability fault model and random fault model are proposed to evaluate the subsystem reliability of hypercubes and MIN's.


Author(s): Akiba, Takeshi | Advisor(s): Feeley, Malcolm M | Abstract: This study examines the evolution of the concept of citizenship under the United States Constitution. It traces how a concept of citizenship that was once centered on individual states (state citizenship) developed into a concept centered on a single, overarching status that is meaningful across the United States (federal citizenship). The author defines citizenship as a constitutional status, which is accompanied by certain rights that are unique to the status, and backed up by the power of the government to protect those rights on behalf of people who possess the status. For citizenship to be meaningful, the government needs to possess authority over all three aspects of citizenship. The study focuses on a series of interstate conflicts from the mid-nineteenth to mid-twentieth century over the status of persons, especially blacks, immigrants, and paupers. This resulted in a progressive expansion of the scope of federal citizenship at the expense of state citizenship. The Fourteenth Amendment was a turning point in the relationship between state citizenship and federal citizenship. It was meant to extend the scope of all aspects of federal citizenship, so that the status of federal citizenship was to be granted to a broader population, that important rights were to be attached to federal citizenship, and that the federal government was to have a broad power to protect the rights of federal citizens. In practice, however, this change was not immediate and clear-cut. Diverse groups (blacks, immigrants, and paupers) that had been excluded from state citizenship only gradually came to be included and protected under the umbrella of federal citizenship. This study shows the struggles over this transfer of authority from the state governments to the federal government. The study utilizes primary sources from all three branches of the government, both at the federal and state level (especially states that were involved in interstate controversies) as well as secondary sources to examine the conflicts over citizenship that led to changes in their scope and the location of authority. The author concludes that contemporary conflicts involving state discrimination against nonresidents should be assessed in light of the broader historical trend towards a more inclusive, nationalized notion of citizenship instead of an exclusionary, localized citizenship based in the states.


—The purposes of this research were to measure, rank, and compare the effects of country image on quality level of Major Appliances from Japan, South Korea, the United States, Sweden, and Germany. Five hundred fifty three questionnaires were answered by consumers in Bangkok. Statistical instruments such as mean, standard deviation, and One-Way-ANOVA with the significant level at 0.05 were selected to complete the process of data analysis. The results revealed that Thai consumers ranked the highest product quality of country image from Japan, South Korea, the United States, Sweden, and Germany respectively. The test of statistic hypothesis also found that the average quality perception of products from Japan was significantly higher than those of products from any other country. In contrast, the average quality perception of products from Germany was significantly lower than those of products from any other country, except Sweden.


An Analysis of The New York Times Coverage of the Anita Hill/Clarence Thomas Sexual Harassment Conflict Donna Arnold Oates, B.A., Incarnate Word College This study analyzes the media coverage of the hearings established to address the accusations of sexual harassment made toward Judge Clarence Thomas by Professor Anita Hill in October of 1991. The purpose of the study is to determine and examine the methods by which the media subtly shape society's opinions and, therefore, society's definitions of reality in regard to the subject of sexual harassment. This study is approached from a feminist perspective. The methods by which the media cover sexual harassment are important to society's understanding of the issue. The media guide individuals in the formulation of the meanings which define those individuals' beliefs on sexual harassment. The treatment accorded to this event by the media will be analyzed from a liberal feminist and a patriarchal framework, two opposing ideological


Submitted for the DPP08 Meeting of The American Physical Society Relativistic Pulsar Winds with Pressure Anisotropy and Heat Flow JASON TENBARGE, RICHARD HAZELTINE, SWADESH MAHAJAN, Institute for Fusion Studies, University of Texas — A newly developed covariant fluid model for magnetized plasmas1, incorporating anisotropy in both temperature and heat flow, is used to study equatorial radial profiles of density, velocity, magnetic field, pressure, and heat flow in the hot, strongly magnetized wind region beyond the light cylinder of pulsar magnetospheres. Radiative losses are assumed to have isotropized the wind region plasma so that P‖ À P⊥. Fluid velocities are taken as mildly relativistic, while temperatures are ultra-relativistic. This study of pulsar magnetospheres extends the work by Tsikarishvili et al.2 to a more general fluid closure including heat flow. The general covariant fluid model in spherical geometry and equations of state for arbitrary temperature will also be presented for more general applicability. 1J. M. TenBarge, R. D. Hazeltine, and S. M. Mahajan, Phys. Plasmas 15, 062112 (2008). 2E. G. Tsikarishvili, A. D. Rogava, and D. G. Tsiklauri, Ap. J. 439, 822 (1995). Jason TenBarge Institute for Fusion Studies, University of Texas Date submitted: 18 Jul 2008 Electronic form version 1.4


By introducing coupled microstrip antennas on distributed feedback terahertz quantum-cascade lasers, the radiation efficiency of each aperture is greatly enhanced. Single mode emission from a 31-period antenna-coupled perfectly phase matched (PM) third-order DFB laser yields ~ 4 times improvement in output power comparing with a traditional corrugated third-order DFB laser fabricated on the same gain medium. The 31-period device has ~ 15 × 25° beam divergence and 4 mW pulsed power (4% duty-cycle) at 10K with maximum lasing temperature 134K(pulsed). When phase matching condition is met, emissions from 81 apertures (4-mm long) are coherently combined to form a narrow beam with ~ 12.5° divergence.


This paper, which has the form ainda que as its study object, aims to analyze the nature of the relations established by ainda que in the combination of adverbial clauses, and to discuss some ideas about its grammatical status. The results reveal that ainda que is polyfunctional (KORTMANN, 1997) and combines sentences both in a concessive and in a concessive conditional relation (KONIG, 1985a; 1985b; 1986), which evidences its high degree of grammaticality.


The analytic network process (ANP) is capable of structuring decision problems and finding mathematically determined judgments built on knowledge and experience. Researches
suggest that ANP can be useful in software development, where complicated decisions happen routinely. In extreme programming (XP), the refactoring is applied where the code smells bad. This
might cost more effort and time. As a result, in order to increase the advantages of refactoring in less effort and time, the analytic network process has been used to accomplish this purpose. This
paper presents an example of applying the ANP in order to rank the refactoring patterns regarding the internal code quality attributes. A case study that was conducted in an academic
environment is presented in this paper. The results of the case study show the benefits of using the ANP in XP development cycle.


An important parameter for the insulation capability of rigid polyurethane foam is the thermal conductivity of the nonporous polyurethane. This work focuses on ways to produce nonporous polyurethane materials and to determine their thermal conductivity. Additionally, the influence of the dissolved blowing agent, the flame retardant, and the chemical composition has been investigated. Two different methods were applied when determining the thermal conductivity: the hot-wire method and the guarded hot-plate method. Both methods gave similar results on samples of the same composition. Nonporous polyurethane samples were prepared either by reaction of isocyanate and polyol, which were dried under vacuum, or by a cold-cured reaction with zeolites for water removal. In independent trials the influence of different levels of dissolved blowing agent and different amounts of flame retardant on the thermal conductivity has been investigated. This was made possible by the addition of different amounts of cyclopentane and R141b when preparing the sample as a nonporous cold-cured resin with the use of zeolites for water removal. The influence of the dissolved level of cyclopentane and the presence of flame retardant on thermal conductivity has been found to be negligible. To investigate the influence of chemical composition on the thermal conductivity, polyurethane foams with density 70 kg m -3 have been crushed and compressed to higher densities. The thermal conductivity of the compressed foam versus density was extrapolated in order to obtain the nonporous polyurethane conductivity with vanishing porosity. The thermal conductivity obtained thereby was almost identical to the value of about 0.21 W m -1 K -1 determined on the nonporous polyurethane samples at 296 K.


To improve the performances of engineered systems, laminate composite structures are widely used as they offer the best strength‐to‐weight ratio. However, maintenance and recycling of these structures still remain a challenge. One solution can be to disassemble the layers, without damaging them, so that they can be repaired, reused, or recycled. To do so, impulsive sources such as high pulsed powers are considered. Herein, the influence of transverse or cross‐sectional effects on the wave propagation within the laminate and on its disassembly conditions is studied by means of two‐dimensional numerical simulations performed on a model assembly using the finite element method. The specimen considered is an aluminum/steel assembly joined along a stripe. Two different modelings of the loading applied to the laminate of increasing complexity are successively considered. First, linear elastodynamic simulations show that transverse effects reduce by around 12% the maximum achievable interfacial tensile stress ratio compared with that predicted by the 1D reference model. Then, weakly coupled eddy current‐linear elastodynamic numerical analyses clarify the latter result with an estimation of about 16% with respect to the 1D analytical solution. These results permit the design of experiments serving as a proof of concept of the proposed process.


The Sustainable Development Goals were a remarkable advancement when adopted by the United Nations in 2015. For the first time, the world committed towards a wide spectrum of common goals ranging from climate action to sustainable cities from sustainable economic growth to inclusive industrialization. Sustainability is usually considered as "avoidance of the depletion of natural resources in order to maintain an ecological balance". In case of civil engineering, it means minimization of environment-related costs of ongoing project, also in terms of temporary deterioration of life quality in vicinity of building site due to noise and mechanical vibrations. Such impacts may constitute environmental load within much longer time-frame than exposure time to negative influences itself. Numerous impacts of construction work on environment, sometimes not covered by any standards, from mechanical damages to facilities and infrastructure, those which are easiest to identify, through negative influence to comfort and health of local residents, to offset the balance of nature (e.g. by chasing out birds during breeding season) are observed. The paper provides exemplary actions which may be undertaken by construction work contractors to reduce adverse dynamic impacts – mechanical vibrations, with regard to geotechnical work related to execution of deep excavation shoring. Conclusions of the paper are of general nature and, independently of rules specified by standards, they can provide guidance on good practices.


This study was conducted to survey, analyze on the compaction layer and the plow layer at Jeonbug and Jisan series paddy soil, which is the representative soil in fluvio-marine and local alluvium, respectively. The depths of surface soil were 12.6 and 12.7 ㎝ in Jeonbug and Jisan series, respectively. A plowing depth was 10.5 ㎝. The properties of compaction layer in two soil series were as follows. The hardness were 14.7 ㎏ ㎝?²(25.3 ㎜) and 8.7 ㎏ ㎝?² (22.1 ㎜) in Jeonbug and Jisan series, respectively. The thickness were 22.3 ㎝ and 17.8 ㎝ in Jeonbug and Jisan series, respectively. The depth of soil compaction, which means depth from surface, were 15 and 20 ㎝ in Jeonbug and Jisan series, respectively. The relationship between the hardness of compaction layer and the depth of surface soil showed negative correlation, however relationship between the hardness and the thickness of compaction layer showed positive correlation. Soil temperature was lower in compaction layer than in plow layer. This temperature differences between compaction layer and plow layer were from 1.0 to 2.5℃ in Jeonbug series and from 0.7 to 2.1 in Jisan series. The soil physical properties of compaction layer were higher in bulk density and solid phase and lower in porosity and gaseous phase than those of plow layer in all soil series. The soil chemical properties of compaction layer were higher in pH, content of available silicate, exchangeable calcium and magnesium but lower in total nitrogen, content of organic matter and available phosphate than those of plow layer in all soil series. Cation exchangeable capacity and content of exchangeable potassium were similar between compaction layer and plow layer in Jeonbug series, however, in Jisan series these were lower in compaction layer than in plow layer. Elution amount of inorganic nitrogen were lower in compaction layer than in plow layer in all soil series. The content of soluble Fe and Mn were plenty in compaction layer compared with plow layer and these tendency was apparent in Jeonbug series. The water depth decrease were fast until the latter part of June, and were slow as 1~3 ㎜ day?¹ for July and August, and were fast again from september. Rice roots distributions as each soil series and tillage method were 25 ㎝ at rotary plowing in Jeonbug series, 30 ㎝ at deep plowing in Jeonbug series, and 20 ㎝ at tillage in Jisan series. Dry weight per m2 at heading stage were much in order of deep plowing in Jeonbug series, rotary plowing in Jeonbug series, and tillage in Jisan series.


Conformation statistics of macromolecules in dilute solution is one of the fundamental issues in polymer physics. Herein, we experimentally explore the average conformation of model randomly hyperb...


Traditional Chinese statues have their own national individuality and artistic style,which can be reflected in the subject selection of animals rather than figures.It has much to do with the ancient Chinese ideological world.With regard to the general ideological history,the shaman religion in ancient China,which concerns the worship of ancestors,advocated the world outlooks that the universe and man are harmonized into one and the belief that man and ghost are integrated.This had exerted a far-reaching influence on ancient Chinese statues.Those ancient outlooks and beliefs not only interacted with ancient Chinese statues but also dominated the development of ancient Chinese statues for thousands of years.


Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited 204 www.pccmjournal.org February 2020 • Volume 21 • Number 2 During any critical illness, water and electrolyte homeostasis is perturbed, and we frequently need to consider the following in our management: 1) the patient's vulnerability and inability to control their own salt and water intake, since these are administered directly via the IV route; 2) our potential overuse of nonphysiologic fluids that only approximate to a patient's estimated losses and needs; and 3) the problem of body inter-compartmental fluid shifts because of abnormal function of the endothelial-to-capillary barrier. In regard to this third point, two ideas have been important historically. Cannon (1) (1871–1945) introduced the concept of "inundation" by intolerable excess in IV fluid administration with compensatory tissue storage. And, Guyton et al (2) (1919–2003) provided a quantitative approach to this problem in the lung with studies on transcapillary fluid flux and the development of pulmonary edema by manipulating each of the elements in Starling's hypothesis of "transudation." So, when we "weigh the balance of fluids" in our patients, we think about the interaction between hydrostatic, solute and oncotic pressure gradients, and membrane effectiveness in each vascular bed, as determined by the reflection coefficients. To date, much research on fluid balance has focused on the alveolar-capillary membrane in disorders and states in which the lung is a final common pathway of pathophysiology during critical illness. For example, in adults with acute lung injury (ALI), the "Fluid and Catheter Treatment Trial" showed improved oxygenation, as well as decreased duration of mechanical ventilation and ICU length of stay (LOS), with a restrictive fluid strategy compared with a liberal fluid strategy (3). Similarly, in pediatric patients with ALI (4, 5), or renal failure (6–8), or sepsis (9), studies have shown associations between positive fluid balance and either worsened pulmonary and renal function, or increased duration of mechanical ventilation and ICU LOS, or death. A systematic review of 44 pediatric studies published before March 2017 found increased odds of death of 6% for every 1% increase in fluid overload (FO), independent of disease severity (10). The "Pediatric Acute Lung Injury Consensus Conference Group" has translated such data into recommendations for fluid management in pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (11), stating "Fluid balance should be monitored and titrated to maintain adequate intravascular volume while aiming to prevent positive fluid balance." In this issue of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Stulce et al (12) move our attention from instances in which the lung and alveolar-capillary membrane is the target of fluid balance pathophysiology to the CNS and severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Here, questions about fluid balance and outcome are nuanced. It is not about the pulmonary vascular bed—unless there has been pulmonary contusion or aspiration—but about two other physiologies: the state of blood-brain barrier (BBB) function and extracellular fluid kinetics (13); and, the severity of any brain-to-lung interaction driving neurogenic pulmonary edema (14). For example, the reflection coefficient to sodium (Na) in the intact BBB is not zero (as it is peripherally and in the choroid plexus) but 1, and the half-life of equilibration of Na is 60 minutes. In consequence, change in serum Na concentration ([Na]) as a strategy for treating cerebral edema and raised intracranial pressure (ICP) will, theoretically, become less effective the longer this strategy is used—unless, of course, there is escalation in serum [Na] to very high values. Also, if there is vasogenic cerebral edema, a fall in the reflection coefficient for Na (decrease from 1 to 0.93 to zero) is expected, with FO and repeated dosing with IV 3% hypertonic saline (3% HTS) potentially worsening any cerebral edema. Given the above theoretical considerations, the retrospective cohort of 138 pediatric patients with severe TBI described by Stulce et al (12) has four new observations for the debate about FO and outcome. (In the report by Stulce et al [12], FO is taken as the cumulative, bodyweight-normalized percentage fluid gain greater than or equal to 10%—calculated as 100 times the difference between total fluid intake and output in L, divided by admission weight in kg—at day 10 of admission or death, whichever comes first). First, the authors show us that FO is common since it occurred in 53% of their patients, and in 91% of those younger than 1 year. Second, 3% HTS was not the main contributor to this FO. Third, FO was associated with greater use of furosemide and higher daily average and peak serum [Na]—perhaps reflecting an association with need for *See also p. 164.


Provided are a method and device for closing a session with an access terminal. The method includes: during the switching from a source access network to a target access network, an access terminal generating Personality information at the source access network side according to the session information corresponding to the access terminal stored by the source access network, wherein the Personality information includes the Personality types of each set of Personalities in the session information and the validity judgment identifier corresponding to each set of Personalities respectively; and sending to the target access network a session transfer request including Personality information. The embodiments of the present invention avoid the phenomenon of misjudgment when the target AN judges whether or not to close a session during the switching among ANs.


Crane was a forerunner in American Naturalism Literature.He expressed strongly the naturalistic character in his works.By analyzing different colors,different kinds of animals and their images,the plot of the novel-Henry's psychological employed,the paper interprets Crane's masterpiece The Red Badge of Courage,and illustrates the modern man's behavior and the theme of the natural environment.Crane's novel also aims to reveal the modern man's dilemma and sadness of human nature,the theme of the Naturalism-human can do nothing in front of nature under the influence of the war conditions.


Copenhagen in the turn of the last century; light from the outside world seeks its way along the floor into the interior painted by Vilhelm Hammershoi. Why do I want to stay here? The surrounding s ...


Many community colleges are unwelcoming to LGBTQ students and this chapter provides practical suggestions to community college leaders to develop a more inclusive campus culture.


The research endeavoured to develop and pilot a system to demonstrate savings to the nation resulting from counselling provided by a national voluntary agency. This paper demonstrates the methodological challenges encountered. A questionnaire was developed, focused on four broad dimensions of clients' lives: Employment & Income, Health, Personal & Social, and Children. The questionnaire was piloted by eight counselling centres, and applied pre- and post-intervention. It proved not always possible to attribute clear savings within the dimensions measured. Direct health-related costs and sick days off work were relatively straightforward. However, for less tangible factors, e.g. personal and social, and children, it was not possible to attribute direct financial amounts to any improvements. The pilot, therefore, attributed savings where possible. Attrition was a major difficulty, with 976 pre-intervention questionnaires reducing to only 159 post-intervention. This paper indicates the challenges of estimating savings to the nation from counselling interventions, and illustrates a flexible flowchart which allows savings and costs to be attributed as and when available. Although no final calculations of savings to the nation are included, it is believed that the learning from the methodological challenges encountered should be useful to other services wishing to assess the financial costs and savings of psychological therapies and counselling.


We acquired a suite of geophysical datasets at Barringer (Meteor) Crater in May 2010. We analyzed these datasets to build the near-surface geological model. We found Pwave velocities (from travel-time tomography) varying from 450 m/s to 2500 m/s for a 55 m deep earth model and S-wave velocities (from surface-wave inversion) of 2001000 m/s for 38 m deep earth model. The low-velocity layers thin away from the crater and are interpreted as the thinning of the ejecta blanket (debris thrown out of the crater during the impact). Drill-hole results also show that the ejecta thickness is about 15-20 m thick near the rim and thins to 5m and less away from the rim. The gravity results also show a similar ejecta thinning trend. We measured velocities from ultrasonic experiments for different hand samples which show that P-wave velocities vary from 2700-6100 m/s and S-wave velocities vary from 1700-3300 m/s. After incorporation of a straightforward porosity effect, the ultrasonic velocities drop significantly and are comparable to the seismic estimates. Also, deeper stratigraphic boundaries and near-surface faults have been identified from the stacked seismic section. This integrated approach shows that we have successfully imaged complex near-surface – from shallow to relatively deeper events.


Gadd45 proteins function as stress sensors in response to various physiological and environmental stressors, interacting with other cellular proteins implicated in cellular stress responses, including p38 and JNK. This study shows that mice lacking either Gadd45a or Gadd45b are defective in the recruitment of granulocytes and macrophages to the intra‐peritoneal cavity following intra‐peritoneal administration of the bacterial cell wall pathogen‐associated molecular pattern lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Bone marrow derived granulocytes and macrophages lacking either Gadd45a or Gadd45b are shown to be impaired in their chemotactic response to LPS, as well as other inflammatory stimuli such as N‐formyl‐methionine–leucine–phenylalanine and IL‐8. Evidence was obtained also implicating Gadd45a and Gadd45b in other myeloid innate immune functions, including reactive oxygen species production, phagocytosis, and adhesion. Gadd45a and Gadd45b activation of p38 kinase was implicated in the response of granulocytes to LPS mediated chemotaxis, whereas Gadd45a and Gadd45b curtailment of JNK activation was linked to chemotaxis of macrophages in response to LPS. Collectively, these data highlight a novel role for both Gadd45a and Gadd45b in myeloid innate immune functions by differential modulation of p38 and JNK signaling in granulocytes compared to macrophages. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 3613–3620, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


In this work, we investigate the asymptotic stability of the zero solution for Caputo-Hadamard fractional dynamic equations on a time scale. We will make use of the Krasnoselskii fixed point theorem in a weighted Banach space to show new stability results.


A method of entering and processing in Access State, the method comprising, issuing a ControlChannelMAC.Activate command, issuing a SharedSignalingMAC.Activate command, issuing an AccessChannelMAC.Activate command, issuing a ForwardTrafficChannelMAC.Activate command, issuing an OverheadMessages.Activate command, issuing an ActiveChannelMAC.AttemptAccess command, issuing an ActiveSetManagement.SendPilotReport command, setting a state timer for TIDPATSetup seconds, generating a ConnectionOpenRequest message if NumAccessAttempts is '0', determining if the state timer has expired, determining if AccessChannelMAC.AccessFailed indication is received; and determining if AccessChannelMAC.AccessGrantReceived indication is received.


Latitudinal migration increases fitness of migrants by allowing them to exploit favorable conditions in nonadjacent geographic regions. Other consequences also may follow, such as interactions with parasites. Migrants may have lower parasite prevalence and abundance than resident individuals because of their ability to abandon infested areas or due to mortality of highly infested hosts. To further understand whether variation in ectoparasite loads is influenced by migration, we investigated whether prevalence and abundance of two species of obligate ectoparasites, the wing mite Periglischrus paracaligus (Mesostigmata: Spinturnicidae) and the bat fly Nycterophilia coxata (Diptera: Streblidae, Nycterophiliinae), of the lesser long-nosed bat, Leptonycteris yerbabuenae, varied between migratory and resident populations throughout their range in Mexico. We examined the presence or absence of migratory behavior, as well as sex and reproductive status of the host because ectoparasitism differentially affects the sexes. Our results showed that the prevalence of both ectoparasites did not vary between migrant and resident females or males, but abundance of the wing mite P. paracaligus was lower in migrant females compared with resident females, with an important influence from the reproductive status of the host. A partial negative relationship between ectoparasite loads and latitudinal migration therefore was demonstrated.


The present invention belongs to an anti-tumor compound deacetyl fungus epoxy ethyl ester and its preparation method. It relates to a compound produced by fungus metabolism, and provides a deacetyl fungus epoxy ethyl ester which is novel in structure and is produced by caulidium notatin A-1-2-3 metabolism, its preparation method and application in preparation of anti-tumor medicine or other biological active lead compound. Its molecular formula is C14H16O4, and its preparation method mainly includes the following processes: inoculation, culture, fermentation, extraction, separation,column chromatograpy, concentration, washing, and collecting all the components. Besides, said invention also provides the concrete steps of the above-mentioned every process.


We discuss the importance of designing self-tracking technologies for serious mental illness (SMI) that allow individuals with SMI to collect, share, and sense-make over data with a dynamic set of support system members. Our collaborative work with individuals diagnosed with bipolar disorder has suggested the following design and technical challenges for supporting social practices around personal data in long-term mental health management: allowing for fine-grained control over data disclosure by individuals with SMI, supporting dynamism in relationships and roles over long-term use of a system, and allowing individuals flexibility in the variables that they self-track. We discuss these challenges and how they relate to the goals of predictive modelling and intervention in mental health personal informatics systems.


Alpha colours were introduced for image compositing, using a pixel coverage model. Algebraically they resemble homogeneous coordinates, widely used in projective geometry calculations. We show why this is the case. This allows us to extend alpha beyond compositing, to all colour calculations regardless of whether pixels are involved and without the need for a coverage model. Our approach includes multi‐channel spectral calculations and removes the need for 7 channel and 6 channel alpha colour operations. It provides a unified explanation of pre‐multiplied and non pre‐multiplied colours, including negative coordinates and infinite points in colour space. It permits filter and illumination operations. It unifies the three existing significant compositing models in a single framework. It achieves this with a physically‐plausible energy basis.


The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and an acculturation inventory consisting of 15 semantic differential and sociocultural items were administered to Chicano college students. Factor analysis produced a four-dimensional measure of acculturation. The multivariate relationships between the multidimensional measure of acculturation and MMPI validity and clinical scales were investigated by means of canonical correlational analysis. Two of the canonical correlations were significant. Differences in language use, generation and citizenship of head of household (Nationality-Language factor) were related to differences on L, Hs, and MF scales, with less acculturated subjects scoring higher on L and Hs scales and lower on the MF scale. Differences in socioeconomic status (SES factor) and attitudes toward the concept "male" (Male-Potency factor) were related to differences on L, K, and Pd scales, with less acculturated students scoring lower on L and K, and higher on Pd. Implications for future cross-cultural research and the difficulties in the psychological assessment of the heterogeneous Chicano population are discussed.


The quantitative influence of the concentration of the components of catalytic systems including molybdenum, iron, cobalt, and nickel on the kinetic characteristic of the reactivity of lignites in hydrogenation was established, namely, the effective first-order rate constant describing the overall stages of the parallel transformations of the organic matter of coal (OMC) into liquid and gaseous products.


Engineers from a government-owned engineering and manufacturing facility were contracted by government-owned research laboratory to design and build an S-band telemetry transmitter using Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit (RFIC) technology packaged in a Low-Temperature Co-fired Ceramic (LTCC) Multi-Chip Module. The integrated circuit technology chosen for the Phase-Locked Loop Frequency Synthesizer portion of the telemetry transmitter was a 0.25 um CMOS process that utilizes a sapphire substrate and is fabricated by Peregrine Semiconductor corporation. This thesis work details the design of the Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO) portion of the PLL frequency synthesizer and constitutes an fully integrated VCO core circuit and a high-isolation buffer amplifier. The high-isolation buffer amplifier was designed to provide 16 dB of gain for 2200-3495 MHz as well as 60 dB of isolation for the oscillator core to provide immunity to frequency pulling due to RF load mismatch. Actual measurements of the amplifier gain and isolation showed the gain was approximately 5 dB lower than the simulated gain when all bond-wire and test substrate parasitics were taken into account. The isolation measurements were shown to be 28 dB at the high end of the frequency band but the measurement was more than likely compromised due to the aforementionedmore » bond-wire and test substrate parasitics. The S-band oscillator discussed in this work was designed to operate over a frequency range of 2200 to 2300 MHz with a minimum output power of 0 dBm with a phase-noise of -92 dBc/Hz at a 100 kHz offset from the carrier. The tuning range was measured to be from 2215 MHz to 2330 MHz with a minimum output power of -7 dBm over the measured frequency range. A phase-noise of -90 dBc was measured at a 100 kHz offset from the carrier.« less


A large underground transportation hub is located on the west side of the Nanjing Youth Olympic Center, which is close to the embankment of the Yangtze River. The near-surface primarily comprises newly deposited soft soil of considerable thickness; the lower part is a riverbed-phase sandy soil containing two confined aquifers. The foundation pit requires deep excavation and has unusual shapes of "pit in pit" and "pit leaning pit." For the convenience and safety of excavation, the piezometric head of the upper confined aquifer, where the pit bottom is located, reached 1 m below the bottom plane through precipitation, while that of the lower confined aquifer also dewatered down to a safe water level to avoid an uplift problem. After considering the engineering geological conditions, the function and shape of the foundation pits, we divided the soil layers of the foundation pits into two areas (the NW area and the SE area) and proposed the support scheme correspondingly. The numerical simulation results and completed construction safely verified the feasibility of the support scheme.


Designed to assist library staff use Microsoft Works software in automating the management functions of a library media center, this handbook provides practical, step-by-step guidance for database, spreadsheet, and word processing functions. The examples on the accompanying diskette can be adapted to the needs of any given library or media center. This manual, intended for the novice user, is to be used at the computer while creating an exact copy of the templates on the diskette. A list of the files, their titles, and the page numbers of the corresponding book examples are included in a ''How to use'' section. Procedures for loading and extracting the files on the diskette are provided. The authors have included templates for collection analysis, circulation statistics, budgeting, annual reports, equipment request or repair, off-air videotaping, teacher surveys, vendors, Pathfinders, as well as bar, pie, and three-dimensional charts. Of the more than 50 templates (in both DOS and Windows formats) provided on the diskette, the most immediately relevant to interlibrary loan and document delivery are those dealing with interagency loans, interlibrary loan requests, budgeting, collection analysis, circulation statistics, and annu-


Objective
To investigate the value of FDG PET-CT in the outcome assessment and prognostic evaluation for recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma (rNPC).

Methods
From January 2008 to December 2013, 92 rNPC patients were treated in our center, who were histologically or radiologically diagnosed and re-staged according to the 2008 clinical staging system for nasopharyngeal carcinoma in China. The numbers of patients in stage Ⅰ, stage Ⅱ, stage Ⅲ, and stage IV were 8, 11, 39, and 34, respectively. According to the recurrent T stage (rT), the numbers of patients in rT1, rT2, rT3, and rT4 were 10, 11, 38, and 33, respectively. Twenty-eight patients had recurrence in the neck lymph nodes. All patients underwent pretreatment FDG PET-CT for the whole body or head/neck, and treated by radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy. The relationship of maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax) and clinical factors with clinical outcomes was analyzed. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), local recurrence-free survival (LRFS), regional recurrence-free survival (RRFS), and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS). The log-rank test was used for survival difference analysis and univariate prognostic analysis. The Cox model was used for multivariate prognostic analysis.

Results
The 3-year OS, DFS, LRFS, RRFS, and DMFS were 33.6%, 32.1%, 32.8%, 31.8%, and 33.7%, respectively. The median SUVmax was 8.35(2.7-21.5). The SUVmax of 7.0 was taken as the optimal cut-off value for all patients. Patients with SUVmax≤7.0 had a significantly higher 3-year OS rate than those with SUVmax>7.0(42.0% vs. 28.3%, P=0.019). The univariate analysis revealed that patient age, SUVmax, and rN were significantly associated with OS (P=0.023, 0.019, and 0.002). The multivariate analysis showed that SUVmax and rN were significant influencing factors for OS, DFS, and DMFS (HR=1.68, P=0.045 and HR=2.23, P=0.003; HR=1.67, P=0.042 and HR=2.39, P=0.001; HR=1.77, P=0.025 and HR=2.40, P=0.001).

Conclusions
SUVmax may be one of the useful prognostic factors for OS, DFS, and DMFS in rNPC patients.

Key words:
Tomography, X-ray computed; Nasopharyngeal neoplasms, recurrent; Prognosis


With the digital transformation of distribution network, it is a trend to use digital twins to simulate the status and operation of distribution network system. However, the current distribution network digital twin system is inclined to model three-dimensional display and data superposition, lacks the characteristics of power business, and is difficult to grow synchronously with the dynamic evolution of the power system. At the same time, the twin construction for massive distribution network objects consumes a lot of labor and time costs. Therefore, this paper introduces the grid topology and electrical state calculation model based on graph calculation, integrates the electrical topology to realize the rapid construction and automatic layout of distribution network data twins, and carries out distribution network business applications such as distribution network panoramic state monitoring, power supply range analysis, etc. based on the distribution network twins scene.


The objective of this article is to present bilingualism and some of its diverse aspects and applications in the modern world. It provides definitions of how bilingualism and multilingualism are perceived by different theorists and presents some of the problems and conflicts related to the two concepts. Furthermore, it looks into the similarities and differences of first language and second language acquisition and bilingualism from birth and shows the challenges involved for both the parents and children of bilingual families. The article also presents the results of a qualitative research that was made with 11 bilinguals and its analysis based on Skutnabb- Kangas' classification of bilinguals. It concludes that language is a key factor that defines our relationship with other individuals and that multilingualism is a worldwide phenomenon in today's multicultural world. Key words: bilingualism, multilingualism, multicultural.


To understand the effect of magnetic field on the abnormal flow conditions caused by the presence of stenosis in arteries, analytical solutions are obtained for the steady laminar conducting flow of an incompressible Newtonian fluid in an axisytnmetric channel of varying gap. Three approximation methods are developed depending upon the geometrical configuration. The results obtained are applied to study the flow of a conducting fluid through a smooth constriction. It is observed that the overall effect of magnetic field is to decrease the resistance to flow and shear stress at the wall and to reduce the abnormalities of flow due to irregular boundaries.


A new broadband planar ME-dipole antenna element with integrated balun is proposed. The antenna has a bandwidth of 55% from 25 GHz to 44 GHz with a peak gain of 5.3 dBi. A novel integrated balun with broad operating bandwidth is designed for feeding. The antenna yields advantages of small size, wide bandwidth, low cost and stable gain. The proposed antenna can be used in 5G applications to cover the 28, 37, 39 GHz frequency band.


Sweet onions (Allium cepa L.) are typically grown on bare soil and irrigated with high-pressure systems such as sprinklers or center-pivots. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of irrigation system and mulch on bolting, bulb yield and bulb quality over 3 years. The experimental design was a split plot, where the main plot was irrigation system (drip or sprinkler) and the subplot was the type of mulch (bare soil, black plastic fi lm or wheat straw). The results showed that individual bulb weight and bulb yields under drip irrigation were similar to those under sprinkler irrigation. Plants grown on bare soil had the highest total yield during the three seasons and among the high- est marketable yield. There were no consistent differences in the bulb number or yield of plants on plastic fi lm mulch compared to those of plants on wheat straw mulch. Plants on wheat straw mulch had reduced foliar nitrogen content. Variability in yields among mulches and seasons was partly explained by changes in seasonal root zone temperature and soil water potential. Total and marketable yields and weight of individual bulbs increased with increasing root zone temperatures up to an optimum at 15.8 °C, followed by reductions in yields and individual bulb weight at >15.8 °C. Onion bolting increased with decreasing foliage nitrogen content, with plants on wheat straw having the highest bolting incidence. Bolting also increased with decreasing root zone temperatures for the season. Total and marketable yields increased with decreasing mean seasonal soil water potential down to -30 kPa. Irrigation system and mulches had no consistent effect on the soluble solids content or pungency of onion bulbs. Sweet ('Vidalia') onions represent the leading vegetable crop by value ($75 million) in Georgia (Boyhan and Torrance, 2002). During 2002, Vidalia onions in Georgia were planted to ≈5,900 ha. In most onion-producing areas of Georgia, soils are sandy loams with low water-holding capacities. Soil moisture levels may affect the quality and yield of onions. Low moisture conditions in the soil are conducive to poor yields (Shock et al., 1998), while excessive soil moisture results in waste of irrigation water, nutrient leaching, and may lead to rots and poor bulb quality. Unpublished estimates are that onion growers in Georgia apply an average of 300 mm of water during the growing season. There is interest among the Georgia growers for the potential use of drip


This article deals with the problem of angle and incremental range (i.e., the target range offset with respect to the center of the cell under test) estimation with a frequency diverse array multiple-input multiple-output (FDA-MIMO) radar exploiting a single data snapshot as observable. Starting from the observation that the maximum likelihood (ML) estimation entails a 2-D grid search over the parameters of interest, three approximated ML techniques are designed resorting to the coordinate descent algorithm and the adaptive monopulse criterion (employing either real or complex slope/bias corrections). At the analysis stage, the estimation performance of the proposed methods, including the tapered and double-step monopulse versions, is also assessed in comparison with the Cramér–Rao lower bound. Numerical results corroborate the effectiveness of the considered estimation strategies in some diverse simulated scenarios.


Abstract This article looks at topic marking strategies in Kusaal and related Mabia (Gur) languages: Dagaare, Buli, Moore, Dabgani, and Gurene, spoken in Ghana, Togo and Ivory Coast. It is generally observed that these languages use left dislocation as a topic coding strategy. They either use topic phrases or particles, which may be obligatory or optional. It is argued that the languages under discussion cannot be fully classified as subject prominent languages alongside other Niger-Congo languages. It is shown that these languages demonstrate features that put them in between subject prominent and topic prominent languages. To identify a topic constituent in these languages, three tests are suggested: the if+be test, the "aboutness test" and the use of left dislocation accompanied by a resumptive pronoun.


Geomorphic evidence of former glaciation in the high Drakensberg of southern Africa has proven controversial, with conflicting glacial and non‐glacial interpretations suggested for many landforms. This paper presents new geomorphological, sedimentological and micromorphological data, and glacier mass‐balance modelling for a site in the Leqooa Valley, eastern Lesotho, preserving what are considered to be moraines of a former niche glacier that existed during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). The geomorphology and macro‐sedimentology of the deposits display characteristics of both active and passive transport by glacial processes. However, micromorphological analyses indicate a more complex history of glacial deposition and subsequent reworking by mass movement processes. The application of a glacier reconstruction technique to determine whether this site could have supported a glacier indicates a reconstructed glacier equilibrium line altitude (ELA) of 3136 m a.s.l. and palaeoglacier mass balance characteristics comparable with modern analogues, reflecting viable, if marginal glaciation. Radiocarbon dates obtained from organic sediment within the moraines indicate that these are of LGM age. The reconstructed palaeoclimatic conditions during the LGM suggest that snow accumulation in the Drakensberg was significantly higher than considered by other studies, and has substantial relevance for tuning regional climate models for southern Africa during the last glacial cycle. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Due to the continuous increase of the human population, the demand for food production should increase 70-100% in the following years. However, the food security of humanity is affected by several factors, among them pest insects, which are currently controlled through the application of large doses of synthetic insecticides, which generate serious problems in human health, resistance to pests, residues in foods, environmental pollution, outbreaks of secondary pests and reduction in populations of beneficial insects. Given this global scenario, these problems generate a greater demand for pest control methods that are efficient and environmentally friendly, so the objective of the present work was to address in a synthetic way the development and progress of research conducted in Mexico on the biological control of pest insects. This review focuses on technologies with a solid ecological basis for the gradual restoration of biodiversity lost in agroecosystems, so promising alternatives for pest control of great relevance in the Mexican countryside are addressed, such as the use of beneficial insects such as parasitoids, predators and entomopathogens that cause the death of pest insects, the use of sterile insect, bioinsecticides, such as microbial pesticides and other entomopathogens, incorporated plant protectors and biochemical pesticides. The demand for techniques related to the biological control of pest insects in Mexico should address the problems of transboundary, exotic, newly introduced pests and those pests that have remained for several decades in the country.


Magnesium is a common water hardness source. This divalent ion can react with soap anions that reduce cleaning efficiency, resulting in high detergent consumption. The development of new low-cost metal removal adsorbents has attracted a great deal of attention. Here the adsorption behavior and the underlying kinetics of magnesium sorption on Titan yellow (TY) supported on thiourea-formaldehyde resin (TF) was investigated. The results of analyzing sorption behavior showed that the sorption environment had different effects on the sorption of Mg(II) ions. It could be found that the initial pH had the best sorption effect on Mg(II) ions, the equilibrium is reached within 115-120 min and the kinetic profiles are simulated by the pseudo-second-order rate equation (PSORE). The maximum adsorption capacity of Mg was 19.45 mg g−1 at initial pH = 10.5. Under the optimal conditions, the maximum sorption capacity of Mg(II) ions reaches up to 19.45 mg g−1. Therefore, TF-TY was found to be an efficient adsorbent for Mg(II) removal from water.


ABSTRACTThis article deals with an approach for solving ecological problems caused by manure. Medium formulation design, full statistical analysis and unstructured dynamic model synthesis have been discussed. The described biotechnological process is used as an integrated approach for solving an ecological problem caused by manure and in the same time efficient production of L-lysine. The presented approach includes following steps: experimental design of medium formulation, response analysis of the basic kinetic variables, analysis of variance, regression analysis, discriminant analysis, duster analysis, synthesis a models of specific rates with preliminary estimation of parameters, optimisation of dynamic model of fed-batch process for L—lysine production. The adequacy of the proposed models is proved through simulation researches.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe an approach of using mobile phones with Bluetooth technology to enter/exit restricted area. Design/methodology/approach – Applied Bluetooth technology implemented in mobile phones enables the user to perform the identification and the state of presence while entering/exiting the parking space without stopping the vehicle. For the successful implementation of this method for presence detection and proper identification, it is necessary to determine the values of the Bluetooth signal. Findings – This paper discuses a case study that has been done at entry/exit of parking lots. The obtained experimental results show that mobile phones with the Bluetooth technology can be successfully applied as presence detection sensors, as well as in processes for the identification of the user/object in the move. Practical implications – The paper gives a primer how mobile phones with Bluetooth technology, in addition to their basic purpose, can be used as identification ...


Writing has been the subject of scientific research since the start of the 20th century. The resulting body of research is rich and diverse, owing much of its heterogeneity and multiplicity to the different ways in which it has been conceptualized. This special issue continues this tradition by presenting new views on conceptualizing writing, ranging from new cognitive models to ones that combine both social and cognitive viewpoints.


ABSTRACT Research and writing are critical components of an undergraduate education. Partnerships between economics faculty and campus resources can improve student research and writing skills. Here, the authors describe programs at three different campuses that bridge department and campus resources: the Empirical Reasoning Lab at Barnard College, the Writing Program at Carleton College, and the Library's Data Lab at the University of California, Berkeley. The authors describe each program's mission and structure, provide examples of its impact on student learning, and discuss administrative factors (and hurdles) to consider in implementing similar programs elsewhere.


One of the most expensive mistakes any engineer can make is failing to anticipate and placate community resistance before the placards come out. Suddenly, a project that was routine one minute turns to political and legal custard the next. Worse, the whole firm can take a savaging in the popular media, morale falls and it seems absolutely nothing can go right.


The general background and the philosophy of the rules for nuclear- powered ships are described. The provisional rules are outlined for the architecture of the ship, the construction of the hull, containment vessel, secondary or safety shielding to containment vessel, nuclear assembly, special requirements relative to the propulsion apparatus and auxiliaries, and special requirements relative to the outfitting of nuclear ships. The rules for waste disposal and refueling and defueling are not yet defined. (D.L.C.)


Traditionally, most of the pickers used in the crab processing industry of rural Eastern Carolina have been women from the local area, both black and white, while the managerial staff has comprised white women related through kinship to the white, male crab house owners. In recent years, however, this recruitment strategy has changed. Following the lead of the regional poultry industry, the crab houses are now bringing in Mexican workers under the H2-B visa program. Unlike many of the Mexican migrant workers coming into the USA, the crab labor force is made up of women, about half of whom are married with children. This article provides a case study of the ensuing dual labor structure within the crab processing industry. Utilizing in-depth interviews with the employers and employees of the Luther Lewis and Son crab house, the authors ask: What are the contours of inclusiveness and exclusiveness within and without the crab house?


I consider it a great honor to have been invited to give the Charles H. May Memorial Lecture. Dr. May was an accomplished ophthalmologist, teacher, and writer. Although I did not know him personally, I have a feeling of close acquaintance because of his widely known textbook. This book served as my introduction to ophthalmology and helped to create an interest which eventually led to my choice of ophthalmology as a career. The invitation to give this lecture included a request to speak upon some phase of cataract extraction. I have chosen to discuss methods of incision and wound closure. These topics are two of the most important phases of cataract operation, and, although it has been over 200 years since Daviel first removed a lens, methods of making and closing the incision still are widely debated. I became extremely interested in methods of wound closure early in my residency,


Objective To investigate the CT features of desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT)occurred in abdomen and pelvis.Methods The CT images of 4 patients with pathologically proven DSRCT occurred in abdomen and pelvis were retrospectively analyzed.Results The CT features common to the 4 DSRCT in abdomen and pelvis were as follows:the lobulated soft-tissue masses were very large;the masses often involved omental and serosal surfaces of abdomen and pelvis organ and had close relationship to the surrounding organs;the originating site of the tumors were not apparent;intratumoral hemorrhage or necrosis were often present;and contrast-enhanced CT scan showed mild to medium heterogeneous enhancement.Conclusion The CT features of DSRCT in abdomen and pelvis are rather specific and can provide helpful information to the clinical diagnosis.


Objective
To summarize the effect of simultaneous orthognathic surgery along with mandibular ramus reconstruction using costochondral graft, for adult M3 hemifacial macrosomia.

Methods
From November 2015 to October 2017, 5 adults diagnosed with M3 hemifacial macrosomia were treated. There were 3 males and 2 females, aged from 19 to 26 years. Le Fort Ⅰ osteotomy and SSRO with simultaneous mandibular ramus reconstruction using contralateral sixth or seventh costochondral graft was performed to correct the facial asymmetry and occluding relation. The data of clinical examination and CTs were collected at the time point of immediately postoperative, 1, 3, 6, 12 months after surgery. The facial symmetry, joint function, occlusion and 3D measurements in CT image reconstruction were analysed to evaluate the surgery outcome.

Results
The length of rib and costal cartilage ranged from 47 mm to 67 mm. All the costal cartilage grafts survived, and 4 patients got primary healing. All patients were followed for 2-13 months (with the mean follow-up of 8 months). The ratio of ramus length of affected side to normal side was over 80%. The occlusion was stable. The facial structures were satisfactory after 6 months.

Conclusions
Orthognathic surgery with simultaneous mandibular ramus reconstruction using costochondral graft is suitable for the adult severe hemifacial macrosomia, with satisfactory cosmetic and functional results. This method is easily performed with reliable graft survival rate, aesthetic facial structure and stable occlusion.

Key words:
Orthognathic surgery; Virtual surgery; Costochondral graft; Hemifacial microsomia; Adult


The operation of current-access magnetic bubble domain propagate circuits has been simulated successfully by using a previously developed numerical scheme. The drive field has been given analytically as H_{Z}(X,Y,Z) = - H_{p}\cos[2\pi(X/R_{X} - n(T)/4)]\exp[-(Y/R_{Y})^{b}] after a dual-conductor-sheet device which has bit period R X and track width in the order of 2R_{y} . A method of testing bubble propagation with minimum length of the simulated time lapse has been established for both s = 0 parallel-azimuth and s = 1 uni-chiral bubbles. Margin diagrams in terms of drive-field amplitude H p and dc bias field have been obtained for both bubbles at a drive frequency of 1MHz. The principle of calculation and the results of the simulation are given.


In the article, "Surgical hip dislocation for treatment of cam femoroacetabular impingement", which appeared in the pages 496-501, issue 5, vol. 49 of Indian Journal of Orthopaedics^[1], in Table 1 the Patients rows "HB" and "ZP" are incorrectly written and are to be deleted.


In the study we summarize in this paper, we have sought the optimal number of ramp meters that are needed to be activated on a freeway segment using binary programming in conjunction with traffic simulation. In the microscopic simulation environment, a 10 km freeway stretch is designed with 9 on-ramps, which have varying traffic demands. For a given fixed signal scheme, at each cycle, the formulated optimization problem is solved using MATLAB in conjunction with the integration formed by Traci4Matlab, the solution set of which is further used by Eclipse SUMO to activate ramp meters. We have compared the performance of the algorithm we propose with the full-time ramp metering activation scenario, and the scenario with no control, in terms of density, travel time, and total throughput. Our findings as improvements show that the proposed algorithm can be used for adaptive ramp metering applications, and planning purposes as well.


Thanks to the development of Fourier transform NMR spectroscopy, the difficulty in taking 13C-NMR spectra of natural products has been greatly alleviated and, as a result, 13C-NMR spectroscopy is becoming one of the fundamental instruments for structural as well as for biosynthetic1) studies of natural products. "C-NMR spectroscopy is especially useful for structural elucidation of complicated compounds, since it provides information on non protonated carbons and the chemical shift of 13C nuclei is very large as compared with 'H nuclei to prevent the overlapping of signals. However, "C-NMR spectroscopy is not completely satisfactory in that no information on adjacent carbons can be obtained due to the substantial lack of 13C-13C couplings in the usual 13C spectra, whereas 'H-NMR spectro scopy gives useful environmental information through proton-proton couplings. This disadvantage of 13C-NMR spectroscopy can be partly overcome at the sacrifice of in strumental sensitivity by observing long range carbon to proton couplings in proton coupled spectra2) which would give, though limited, some information about carbon sequences. In this circumstance, it could be very easily visualized that 13C-NMR spectroscopy would become a more powerful tool, were the observa tion of 13C13C couplings made possible by some new techniques. Studies on 13C-13C coupling using highly concentrated solutions,3) or synthetically "Clabeled compounds" have been reported;


Over the years, several security measures have been employed to combat the menace of insecurity of lives and property. This is done by preventing unauthorised entrance into buildings through entrance doors using conventional and electronic locks or discrete access code. Thus, the main idea in this project is to design a database security system that allows only authorised user to enter the premises. There are two entry point with each using different technologies; RFID & keypad. Once the user's identification is verified, the door is unlocked by using EDL (electronic door lock) and all the information such as user ID, date and time are stored in central office. The communication between the entrance points with central office by means of Zigbee wireless technology.