We investigate the lithospheric structure beneath the Gibraltar arc (western Mediterranean) using S-wave receiver functions (SRFs). From a dense network deployed in the Ibero-Maghrebian region during different seismic surveys, we calculated ~11,000 SRFs that sample the upper mantle detecting the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary (LAB). The observed seismic LAB belongs to different lithospheric domains: Iberian and African forelands, Alboran domain, and Atlantic Ocean. Common conversion point (CCP) migrated profiles show the geometrical relation among them. Under the Strait of Gibraltar, we observe a deep LAB (~150 km). It can be associated with Jurassic-age lithosphere of ~120 km thickness, one of the thickest ever reported in oceanic environments. There is an abrupt offset between the oceanic LAB and the shallow (80-km-deep) continental LAB of the Iberian foreland, suggesting displacement along a former transform fault. The northwestern African continental LAB is 90–100 km deep. The oceanic LAB under the Gibraltar arc continues to ~180 km depth beneath the Alboran Sea, showing the connection between the Alboran slab and the oceanic lithosphere in the central Gulf of Cádiz. This geometry agrees with an ~200-km-wide corridor of oceanic lithosphere between the central Atlantic and the Alpine Tethys, developed during the Middle–Late Jurassic. Our results support the proposed westward rollback of an oceanic east-dipping slab, which has continuity at least to the central Gulf of Cádiz. INTRODUCTION The southern Iberian Peninsula and the western Maghreb include a sector of the Nubia-Eurasia plate boundary zone that is characterized by complex tectonics, widespread deformation, and the interaction between continental and oceanic domains. At the center of this region, the Strait of Gibraltar separates the Atlantic Ocean (Gulf of Cádiz) from the Mediterranean (Alboran Sea), and at the same time connects the Alpine mountain ranges in Iberia (Betics) to Africa (Rif). The present-day configuration, with the characteristic tightly curved orogenic arc (Fig. 1), results mainly from the interplay between slow, northwest-southeast convergence between Eurasia and Nubia and fast westward slab retreat since the Miocene (e.g., Lonergan and White, 1997; Spakman and Wortel, 2004; Chertova et al. 2014). The complexity of the Iberia-Maghreb plate-boundary zone has been represented with increasing detail as more and more observational data from different disciplines have become available. Yet, fundamental aspects of the geodynamics and lithospheric structure are still discussed controversially (e.g., Gutscher et al., 2012; Mancilla et al., 2013). The Alboran slab is a key element for understanding regional geodynamics. Together with the Calabrian slab, these structures represent the present configuration of the western Mediterranean subduction system, involving the cold oceanic lithosphere of the Alpine Tethys (e.g., Lonergan and White, 1997; van Hinsbergen et al., 2014). While the Calabrian subduction remains clearly active today, with associated seismicity, active volcanism, and an active accretionary wedge (e.g., Gutscher et al., 2017; Scarfi et al., 2018), there is a lack of evidence for ongoing subduction of the Alboran slab. Deep and intermediate-depth earthquakes do not depict a continuous Wadati-Benioff zone (e.g., Buforn et al., 1991; Heit et al., 2017). Earthquake focal mechanisms, the stress field, and geodetic deformation (e.g., Stich et al., 2006) reflect Nubia-Eurasia plate motion rather than subduction dynamics. Furthermore, absolute plate motions appear to have strong influence on the current slab dynamics (Spakman et al., 2018). The Alboran slab has been imaged clearly by recent tomographic inversions as a subvertical high-velocity anomaly beneath the western Alboran Sea and southern Spain. However, its possible connection to the oceanic lithosphere west of Gibraltar remains debated (e.g., Spakman and Wortel, 2004; Bezada et al., 2013). The variability in the geoid height in the region (Fig. 1) points to relevant topography of the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary (LAB) in the region. In this study, we map the depth of the seismic LAB from S-wave receiver functions (SRFs), showing the conversions of teleseismic S-to-P waves at the LAB discontinuity. The analysis builds upon several seismic deployments during the last decade (Fig. 1B), which allows for broad coverage of the LAB over the region, and favors the use of stacking techniques to enhance the LAB signals. We attempt to increase frequency range and spatial resolution compared to previous SRF studies (Miller et al., 2015) in order to shed more light on the interaction of the subduction system with the surrounding lithosphere. DATA AND METHOD We analyze S-to-P conversions of teleseismic earthquakes (SRFs) recorded at a dense network of ~300 permanent and temporary seismic stations in Iberia and Morocco (Fig. 1B). This corresponds to an average interstation distance of ~60 km over most of the area and ~30 km locally. SRF analysis is a particularly suitable approach to study deep CITATION: Molina-Aguilera, A., et al., 2019, Connection between the Jurassic oceanic lithosphere of the Gulf of Cádiz and the Alboran slab imaged by Sp receiver functions: Geology, v. 47, p. 227–230, https://doi.org/10.1130/G45654.1. Manuscript received 28 September 2018 Revised manuscript received 2 January 2019 Manuscript accepted 4 January 2019 https://doi.org/10.1130/G45654.1 © 2019 The Authors. Gold Open Access: This paper is published under the terms of the CC-BY license. Published online 29 January 2019 Downloaded from https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/geology/article-pdf/4650237/227.pdf by guest on 31 October 2019 228 www.gsapubs.org | Volume 47 | Number 3 | GEOLOGY | Geological Society of America lithospheric structures. S-to-P conversions arrive before the direct onset, thus avoiding the interference of LAB converted signals with crustal reverberations, common in P-to-S receiver functions (PRFs; e.g., Yuan et al., 2006). Furthermore, SRF analysis permits sampling larger areas compared to PRFs, due to the larger incidence angle of S-waves. This allows for better coverage in offshore areas because the piercing points of SRFs are located farther away from the stations (Fig. 1B). We use teleseismic events with magnitude Mb >5.8 within the epicentral distance range of 65°–85°. We include in the analysis all of the available seismograms with signal-to-noise ratio >2.5, and rotate the three-component records into the ZRT (vertical, radial, transverse) coordinate system using theoretical back-azimuth angles. Following, a rotation into ray-based longitudinal, radial, transverse (LQT) coordinates is done, minimizing the SV-wave energy on the Q component at the theoretical S-wave onset. We time-reverse the traces about the S-wave onset in order to analyze the SRF in the precursor time window, only affected by the primary S-to-P conversions. Prior to deconvolution, we use a band-pass filter from 1 to 30 s. We apply a time-domain deconvolution method of the SV component (Q component) from the vertical component (L component) using the iterative deconvolution method developed by Ligorría and Ammon (1999) with a 2-s-wide Gaussian basis function. A 6 s low-pass filter is applied after deconvolution to enhance the LAB conversion. We obtain ~11,000 individual SRFs (Fig. DR1 in the GSA Data Repository1). The LAB can be identified by the prominent negative signal (blue color) after the Moho conversion, at 15–20 s travel time. Piercing points at 100 km depth show a dense distribution, including offshore areas in the Alboran Sea and Gulf of Cádiz (Fig. 1B). This enables us to build cross-sections by stacking SRF amplitudes applying a common conversion point (CCP) approach (e.g., Mancilla et al., 2015). We consider single scattering, taking into account the first Fresnel zone, for back-projection of SRFs in the IASP91 velocity model (Kennett and Engdahl, 1991). We build north-south and west-east cross-sections by stacking all receiver-function amplitudes with piercing points within 1° distance at both sides of each profile (Fig. 2). We apply a binning of 5 × 5 km2; bins with fewer than 10 samples are not taken into account. 1 GSA Data Repository item 2019084, raw S-wave receiver functions, is available online at http://www.geosociety.org/datarepository/2019/, or on request from firstname.lastname@example.com. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Migrated profiles show clear and coherent signals. Two principal signals can be recognized in all cross-sections. The shallower signal corresponds to a positive conversion (increasing velocity with depth) within the first 60 km, attributed to the Moho discontinuity. Within the resolution of SRFs (>10 km), the lateral variations of the Moho topography in this study agree with previous PRF observations (e.g., Mancilla and Diaz, 2015). The deeper signal corresponds to a negative velocity contrast at depths between 50 and 180 km. This signal is interpreted as the seismic LAB discontinuity. Common conversion point (CCP) sections across the Iberian massif show a relatively flat LAB located at 80–90 km depth (IBL in Fig. 2, profile W-I). Similar lithospheric thickness has already been reported by previous tomographic (e.g., Palomeras et al., 2017), PRF (Mancilla et al., 2015), and SRF (Miller et al., 2015) studies. This shallow LAB discontinuity has been attributed to a large-scale delamination of thickened continental lithosphere of the Variscan belts in Europe during middle Permian time (e.g., Gutiérrez-Alonso et al., 2011). In northern Morocco, a west-east profile shows relatively large topographic variations in the LAB (Fig. 2, profile W-III). An offset of ~40 km occurs near 4°W longitude from 100 km depth under the Rif mountains to 60–50 km depth near the Nekor fault to the east. This observation agrees with previous studies that reported strong crustal and lithospheric thickness


Introduction. Biopharmacy as a scientific branch of pharmaceutical science arose in the early 60s of the twentieth century. This is explained by the development of industrial production of medicines and the emergence of problems that followed. They demanded a binding and necessary solution. In those years, the range of medicinal substances that were introduced into the clinical conditions was significantly expanded. Also, more modern methods of researching drugs have appeared. Aim. To substantiate the relevance of biopharmaceutical research in order to improve the composition of 1% dioxidine ointment. Materials and methods. 1% dioxidine ointment Results and discussion. Based on the foregoing, biopharmaceutical studies contributed to the formation and isolation of a number of biopharmaceutical factors that influenced the therapeutic efficacy of the drugs. In this regard, the development of modern and optimal dosage forms remained the most important area of industrial technology. The main objective of biopharmacy is the experimental and theoretical justification for the manufacture of drugs, improving existing ones by increasing their therapeutic effectiveness and reducing side effects on the body. To solve this problem, studies of the bioavailability of drugs are important. This means that in the pharmaceutical research complex, in addition to physico-chemical constants, new provisions are introduced that have medical, biological justification. Dioxidine is widely used in medical practice in the form of various dosage forms: 1% and 5% dioxidine ointment, 0.5% and 1% injection solution and 1% solution for intracavitary use. The ointments used most widely. The object of our study is 1% dioxidine ointment. The industry produces ointment under the trade name "Dioxol", but in recent years its production has decreased significantly. In this regard, the goal was to develop a 1% dioxidine ointment of a different composition. Conclusions. In this regard, the research topic is relevant, since when developing new drugs, it is necessary to study the effect of various pharmaceutical factors on the bioavailability of drugs.


This study aims to identify patterns of spatial concentration of Small and Medium Enterprises in East Nusa Tenggara judging by the amount of labor and production as well as the factors that affect the employment period 2005-2009. Analysis tools used i nclude: Spatial A nalysis, Geographic Information Systems, and multiple linear regression . This study found that the distribution of Small and Medium Enterprises in East Nusa Tenggara is not evenly distributed geographically, when viewed from the employment and production quantities. In s ome  counties and cities experienced employment and production quantities are high, while some others were experiencing employment and production quantities are low. It a lso reinforced the results of multiple linear regression analysis with panel data with the result that all explanatory variables X1 (business units), X2 (investment), X3 (production) and X4 (raw materials) are able to explain to the employment of Small and Medium Industries in East Nusa Tenggara.


Monoclonal antibodies MG7 and MC3, which are highly specific for gastrocolonic carcinomas, were used in immunohistochemical studies of detecting the relevant antigens present in the primary and metastatic carcinomas in ovaries. All 33 cases of primary ovarian carcinomas examined were negative, and positive reaction was obtained in 94.4% of 18 cases of metastatic carcinomas in ovaries. Results of this investigation confirmed the specificity of MG7 and MC3 in differential diagnosis of primary ovarian cancers from metastatic cancers in ovaries originating from the gastrointestinal tract.


The author analyzed the revenue and expenditure system as well as direct and indirect economic effects of the Olympic Games based on the actual performance of recent five Olympic Games,and offered the following suggestions: The Beijing Olympic Games 2008 should not only make more efforts to enhance the economic effect of the Games by increasing revenue and reducing expenditure,but also make a greater contribution to the development of China on the macroscopic basis of promoting the construction of national economy.


e21086 Background: With the growing role of immunotherapy (ICI) as first-line setting for advanced NSCLC, strategies must be redefined after failure. The combination paclitaxel-bevacizumab showed in the ULTIMATE trial a significant superiority versus docetaxel as second or third-line treatment. Limited restropective studies has demonstrated unexpected efficacy of chemotherapy after prior progression on ICI. This combination could be use as salvage treatment following ICI. Methods: This multi-centric retrospective study identifies patients treated with the combination paclitaxel-bevacizumab in metastatic non-squamous NSCLC as second-line therapy or beyond. Main objectives were to describe safety and efficacy of this combination, with a special attention to the sub-group treated just after ICI. Results: From January 2010 to February 2020, 314 patients started the paclitaxel-bevacizumab combination : 55% male, with a median age of 60 years, 27% with a performance status ≥2, 45% with brain metastases. A majority of patients were treated in second (20%) and third-line (39%), and 28% were treated just after ICI failure (88/314). Objective response rate (ORR) was 40% and disease control rate was 77 %. Median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 5,7 months [IQ,3,2–9,6] and 10,8 months [IQ,5,3–19,6] respectively. All grades adverse events concerned 82% of patients, including 53% asthenia and 39% neurotoxicity, and 25% of patients continued a monotherapy alone due to toxicity. Median PFS for patients treated after ICI failure (ICI+) was significantly superior compare to those not previously treated with ICI (ICI-) : 7,0 months [IQ,4,2–11,0] vs 5,2 months [IQ,2,9–8,8] p (log-rank) = 0,01. There was not statistically significant difference in term of OS between this two groups. In multivariate analysis, factors associated with superior PFS were previous ICI treatment (ICI+) and performance status. Conclusions: This study confirms an acceptable toxicity profile associated with interesting efficacy of the combination paclitaxel-bevacizumab as second-line treatment or beyond for non–squamous NSCLC patients, particularly after progression with ICI.


Deep metal boxes and other parts easily fabricated. Adjustable tooling jig for bending brake accommodates spacing blocks and either standard male press-brake die or bar die. Holds spacer blocks, press-brake die, bar window die, or combination of three. Typical bending operations include bending of cut metal sheet into box and bending of metal strip into bracket with multiple inward 90 degree bends. By increasing free space available for bending sheet-metal parts jig makes it easier to fabricate such items as deep metal boxes or brackets with right-angle bends.


ABSTRACT The competitive environment is undergoing a fundamental change. Traditional markets are being replaced by networks. This poses major challenges for industrial companies. Management has to look beyond ordinary customer and supplier relationships into intricate webs of firms. This article focuses on the interaction between a complex business relationship and its immediate business network that we call a focal net. We contend that focal nets have several crucial roles in the emerging industrial network theory. They mediate the impact of the larger industrial networks into dyadic business relations; and vice versa, the influence of a dyad on a network is mediated by the focal net. Theoretical and managerial relevance of focal nets is demonstrated through a 30-year case study of three international corporations.


Improving our understanding of passenger-driver behavior during roadway driving is crucial for advancing the development of effective autonomous vehicle technologies. Understanding passenger behavior will allow for the development of appropriate control structures that would be able to tune responses to prevailing passenger preferences. This area, however, proves to be a challenge despite the prevalence and continued emergence of high quality technical products, because, we argue, there continues to be an incomplete understanding of how to enable machine interpretations of real-time passenger responses for such tuning behaviors. Using machine learning techniques and optimization algorithms to create a support vector machine (SVM) classifier, this paper investigates a method for using remotely-sensed passenger head position during drives in an attempt to understand the passengers' behavior in relation with, and perhaps as a window into their judgements of, the driver and/or their behavior. Our results demonstrate that remote head position sensing is feasible and may be useful even at lower fidelity (trinary) classification levels, especially if resolvable in near realtime. In the case of this exploratory work, we observed that most of the passengers maintained a straight head position throughout the drive, which we take as validation of the potential for future applications using evolved versions of this or similar technologies, for instance, in leveraging such inferences across larger groups of vehicle occupants to enhance prediction accuracy.


Dielectric properties of soil are highly correlated with volumetric water content (VWC) of the medium, but at a relatively low frequency soil salinity has an important effect on permittivity measurements. A laboratory experiment was conducted to understand the potential of monitoring nitrate and chloride ions in soil solutions using capacitance-type soil probes EC-5 and EC-10 operating at frequencies of 70 and 5 MHz, respectively. Dielectric response of soil samples wetted with nitrate and chloride solutions of different concentration were compared at each frequency within the volumetric water content ranging from 0.1 to 0.3 m3/m3. Linear regression models were fitted through data to correlate the actual VWC, concentration of solutions, soil temperature and sensor output. At 70 MHz frequency the sensor response was primarily explained by moisture content for both solutions. Dielectric response of the EC-10 probe to change in ionic concentration was different for each wetting solution. Change in chlorine concentration demonstrated no evidence of having effect on the sensor response, while nitrate solution illustrated that the EC-10 probe is sensitive to the change in nitrate-N concentration within the water content and salinity range tested (from 0.05 to 0.51 dS/m). None of the fitted models demonstrated the statistically significant effect of temperature on dielectric measurements due to the little variation of the temperature (+/- 1.5°C) during the experiment.


Let a and b be positive numbers with a 6= b. The inequalities about the logarithmicmean L(a, b) < Hp(a, b) < Mq(a, b) are obtained, where p ≥ 12 and q ≥ 2 3p. We would point out that p = 1 2 and q = 1 3 are the best constants such that above inequalities hold.


Purpose: To study the efficacy and complications of sutureless and glue free conjunctival autograft for the management of primary pterygium over a period of one year. Methods: This was a retrospective case series and patients who were operated between November 2012 and June 2014 were analysed. 52 eyes of 50 patients were included in the study. Pterygium excision with limbal conjunctival autografting without using glue or sutures was performed in all the patients followed by bandaging for 12 hours. The patients were followed up post operatively on 1st day, 1 week, 6 weeks, 6 months and 12 months. They were examined for haemorrhage, wound gape, graft shrinkage, chemosis, graft dehiscence, recurrence or any other complication. Results: The mean age of the patients was 48.7 +/- 13.6 years (range 19–77 years).2 eyes had double-headedpterygium, 2 had cystic pterygium and the remaining were primary nasal pterygium. Total graft dehiscence occurred in 1 eye (1.92%),partial graft retraction in 2 eyes (3.84%), graft edema in 3 eyes (5.76%) and recurrence was seen in 1 eye(1.92%) on one side in a patient who had double-headedpterygium. No other complication was noted. Conclusion:Sutureless and glue free limbal conjunctival autografting following pterygium excision is a safe, effective and economical option for the management of primary pterygium. Keywords:glue-free technique; conjunctival autograft;pterygium surgery


Various methods were developed to indicate the development of fires. All have their own
procedures and particularities, but all methods depend on the surrounding atmospheric conditions
and weather data. The basic principles are: high temperatures and low humidity and rainfall, in which
these parameters are associated with great chances of uncontrollable and accidental fires. There methods
are non cumulative and cumulative, in which non cumulative methods are based only on the current weather conditions on the day, as the risk factor of Angstrom. Cumulative methods consider climatic
conditions of a succession of days, as for example: Monte Alegre formule, Higrotermic Index and the
Haines index. So, all these indexes will be compared to determine which of these methods would have
greater order in relation to the development of actual fires. Burning and forest fires cause, additionally,
costs and environmental degradation and negative factors for society as a whole. One of the main
effects is to release significant amounts of carbon into the atmosphere by burning biomass plant that
contributes to global warming, better known as the greenhouse effect. Each year, worldwide, forest
areas equivalent to the territory of Portugal are destroyed. This study aims to indicate which is the
best method for risk management and monitoring of forest fires for Brazil, which will be used to bounce
the 25 day of September 2003, as a case study because it was considered to be more critical of the
burned and fires during this month and will also be studied methods during the entire month, having
as objective the comparison of methods for the municipality of Vicosa-MG. The values indicated by
particular variations will demonstrate each method. The oscillation between the methods will provide
help in the critical areas of management and strategic decision-making for fire control, as well as
to verify the behavior of each method, aiming at individual behavioral and descriptive results of burning,
so that later may occur operationally the control and management of this phenomenon and indicating
the best method.


This paper highlights the need for adding interventions in STI/HIV/AIDS in the agenda of family planning and reproductive health organisations and discusses the experience of the Family Planning Association of India. (excerpt)


Research on indigenized non-native varieties of English has aimed to distinguish these varieties from individual second language learning in structural and social terms (B. Kachru 1983; Platt, Weber and Ho 1984; Cheshire 1991) ; however, quantitative evidence of this divergence remains scarce. Through an analysis of a range of Indian English speakers in a contact situation in the United States, this study distinguishes developing dialect features from second language learning features and explores the concomitant emergence of dialect consciousness. First, an implicational analysis shows that some non-standard variables (past marking, copula use, agreement) exhibit a second language learning cline while others (articles) form a more stable, incipient non-standard system shared to some extent by all speakers; a multivariate analysis suggests that both sets of variables are governed by proficiency levels. Next, the explanatory scope of proficiency is assessed by examining the use of selected phonological variants (rhoticity, l-velarization, aspiration). The use of these features resembles native-like style-shifting, as it appears to be more sensitive to speakers' attitudinal stances than to proficiency levels. This points to the importance of understanding emerging speaker awareness and perceptions of stigma, risk, and value in new varieties of English.


The purpose of this study was to understand the impact of technology on art therapists by exploring how art therapists own and use technology and to determine barriers to ownership and use. A survey was conducted at the 2002 annual conference of the American Art Therapy Association in Washington, DC. Of the 250 surveys distributed, 195 were completed and returned, yielding a 78% return rate. The survey asked respondents about their personal, professional, and with-client applications of technology. Participants also responded concerning the barriers they face pertaining to ownership and use of technology. The survey results demonstrated that art therapists own and use a variety of technological devices. Statistically significant differences were found between respondents' use, ownership, and application of technology in the categories of age, professional registration, and education. It was concluded that art therapists as a group are informed about technological devices and their applications.


abstract Article history:Received 17 March 2008Received in revised form 30 May 2008Accepted 25 June 2008Available online 10 July 2008Keywords:Team DecisionmakingFoster careFamily involvementImplementation Prior to pursuing a full outcome evaluation, studies of implementation fidelity are often conducted todetermine the extent to which practice-level implementation conforms to a program's specified conceptualframework and practice guidelines. This purpose of this study is to measure indicators of the implementationof Team Decisionmaking (TDM), an approach to making child welfare placement decisions sponsored by theAnnie E. Casey Foundation, in which birth parents, relatives and community members play a central role inthe decision-making process. Researchers review literature pertaining to implementation fidelity, especiallyin the field of child welfare, and outline the key components of TDM practice. Quantitative analyses of TDMimplementation indicators across three sites reveal a large degree of consistency in adherence to practiceguidelines, although key discrepancies point to the need for closer examinations of cross-site differences.Researchers conclude with implications for practice and research.© 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


The value that is added to the value of intermediate goods in the production process is called Economic Value-Added (EVA). This concept is related to the production process and not to a specific commodity. Due to the wide variety of goods required, most of the needs of society are provided by the Chemical Industries Group. Chemical industries are part of the industry, which convert the chemicals needed by other industries to produce more than 70,000 products through conversion. Raw materials supply the required materials. Sales of the chemical industry can be divided into several broad categories, including basic chemicals (about 35 to 37% of production), life sciences (30%), particular chemicals (20 to 25%), and consumer products (About 10%). The tabulated data were selected from the screening step of project identification in the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) plan of industrial projects belong to both the Iranian environment protection agency and Iranian industries organization. To classify the five Iranian chemical industries was employed EVA using empirical equations. Results were allocated for depreciation outlay, and unforeseen costs via considering the percentage of outlays of required land, landscaping, buildings, pavement, and asphalt; Investment in facilities; Investment in equipment and the installation costs; and investment in transportation facilities. Finally, the industries were assorted based on EVA from the highest percentage manifested to the lowest one as well as simple reports of costs in tables. Findings declare that the screening step of industrial projects in project identification is an indispensable stage in conducting an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) plan.


The paper presents an account of and the technical data of a new external pacemaker to be used to prevent atrial fibrillations. It shows it expedient to design such devices and presents their characteristics.


Membrane structure can possess rigidity bearing load when having it prestressed.Therefore,each construction steps such as material cutting out,piecing up and stretching should be accurate to avoid prestress variance inside the membrane surface after structure completion so as not to lose part of original design functions.


A mooring system was placed at a depth of about 3300 m west of the Luzon Strait. Upper ocean current,temperature and salinity were measured at a high frequency for more than nine months. Using harmonic analysis and power spectral analysis, we discover that at the measuring site, O1 tides had a greater amplitude in spring, and K1 tides had a greater amplitude in winter. In summer, the internal tides were relatively weak, but there were always irregular diurnal tides at our observation site. We observed near-inertial oscillations at a depth of 200~270 m after Typhoon Nanmadol passed by; they rotated clockwise and the energy was transported downward. There were 105 internal solitary waves(solitons) passed by during our observation period, while there were no less internal solitary waves in winter than in spring and summer. The arrival times of two adjacent internal solitary waves differed by about 24.6~24.7 h, which cannot be divided into type-a waves or type-b waves.


The Rockefeller University Press $30.00 J. Exp. Med. Vol. 206 No. 5 1047-1056 www.jem.org/cgi/doi/10.1084/jem.20082468 1047 The B cell repertoire is diversified during immune responses through somatic hypermutation (SHM) and class switch recombination (CSR) to generate highly specific and adapted humoral responses. SHM introduces point mutations in the variable region of Ig genes, thereby increasing antibody affinity for antigen (1). CSR modulates antibody effector functions by replacing the antibody isotype expressed (from IgM to IgG, IgE, or IgA), while retaining the antigen-binding specificity of the receptor (2). SHM and CSR require the expression of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) (3, 4), an enzyme that deaminates cytidines in DNA and that generates U:G mismatches in Ig genes (5, 6). Lesions induced by AID are processed by base excision repair and/or mismatch repair enzymes (including uracyl DNA glycosylase [UNG], APE1, APE2, MSH2, and MSH6) to generate mutations or double-stranded DNA breaks (DSBs) in Ig genes (1, 2). CSR is a region-specific recombination reaction that involves the joining of repetitive, but nonhomologous, switch region DNA sequences that can be separated by up to 200 kb and that requires DSBs as intermediates (2, 7). These DNA breaks activate DNA damage response proteins, including the PI3-like protein kinase ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM), the histone variant H2AX, the MRN complex (Nbs1, Mre11, and Rad50), MDC1, and 53BP1 to promote appropriate repair and efficient long-range recombination (7). Consistent with this, deficiency in any of these genes results in defective CSR (2, 7). The joining step of the reaction was believed to be primarily mediated by the nonhomologous end-joining pathway (NHEJ) (2, 7). However, recent evidence indicates that an alternative pathway that is independent of XRCC4 and DNA ligase IV, and which is biased toward microhomology usage, has a significant contribution in the resolution of AID-induced DNA breaks during CSR (8–10). Despite the numerous pathways and proteins involved in sensing and mediating the repair of CORRESPONDENCE Bernardo Reina-San-Martin: firstname.lastname@example.com


New technology allows for the generation of power from Solar power conversion systems using floating photovoltaic (FPV) systems. Even more so now that floating photovoltaic systems are predicted to eliminate the requirement for land area for installation, it is essential to evaluate the current status and future projections for scientific advances in solar power generation with real worth solutions. Solar energy can be captured using floating PV plant innovation in India, a country with a large energy requirement but limited available urban barren land for photovoltaic power farms. Many river bodies, critical to improving the standard of living for a large population, flow through India, making it one of the fortunate countries. Floating solar plants, also known as solar arrays atop floating platforms on river systems, are frequently favored by the administration as a means of achieving sustainable goals. This study examines the current state of solar energy in India and other developed nations, and it looks ahead to the potential for widespread solar power use in the future. Topics covered range from solar panel infrastructure to environmental impacts and coastal energy management. An overview of FPV setup and panel tilt angle for optimal placement is provided.


The effect of magnetic field and ionizing radiation on the mechanical properties of polymer blends consisting of high density polyethylene (HDPE) and acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR) has been investigated. The purpose of the work was to create HDPE/NBR blend composites of significantly different compositions (with an excess of HDPE, intermediate ones, and with an excess of NBR) and to investigate the role of composition on mechanical deformation properties under the influence of magnetic field. The investigation has importance from the engineering viewpoint, since thermoplastic composite materials have been used as structural elements in thermonuclear and engineering fields, like wires, insulation materials and others, which are frequently subjected to mechanical loadings under the effect of magnetic field greater than 1 T. One part of the blends has been irradiated with 5 MeV accelerated electrons up to absorbed dose D equal to 150 kGy. Unirradiated and the radiation modified blends have been exposed to a constant magnetic field with induction B equal to 1.0 T, 1.5 T and 1.7 T. It is found that the action of magnetic field decreases the elastic modulus of unirradiated materials. Decrement of elastic modulus is reduced with increase of the content of NBR in composites. It is also found that preliminary irradiation noticeably decreases the effect of magnetic field. Data of the influence of the magnetic field, radiation cross-linking, and the ratio of the components on the creep are also obtained.


The term electronic money operates in two meanings. The first meaning refers to all types of pay- ment innovations, at least partly based on information infrastructure. 14 years ago, narrowly trimmed definition of electronic money was established. Based on legal documents it refers to specific type of payment innovations, transferring money values directly between electronic money instruments, pos- sessed by the sides of the payment. Narrowly established concept of electronic money seemed to start a new period in the contemporary history of money. Its effect would be the substitution of traditional, paper-based cash, with its electronic equivalent. Unfortunately, the experience of the past several years did not confirm those expectations. The concept of electronic money has failed in practice. Many aspects of that state could be taken into account (social, legal, technical, business). It seems however, that crucial factors come from monetary sphere. These are just monetary aspects which seem to stop central banks from strong support of a new idea of electronic cash.


The binding properties of dipeptides possessing aromatic residues towards quaternary ammonium ions have been investigated by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The intermolecular hydrogen bonding between exchangeable protons (OH and NH) of aromatic residues of dipeptides and the counter anion of ammonium ion is the primary force. After the formation of the intermolecular hydrogen bonding, two aromatic residues of dipeptides can provide pi-base cavity to interact with the quaternary ammonium moiety.


Liver diseases have been documented to have great influence on the global burden of mortality and morbidity. This study was conducted to investigate the ability of Vernonia amygdalina to protect against hepatic damage and inflammation in nitrobenzene rat model of hepatotoxicity. Thirty male Wistar strain albino rats were used for this study. Rats were exposed to 100 mg/kg body weight (BW) of nitrobenzene via oral administration and treated with 200 and 400 mg/kg BW of methanol leaf extract of Vernonia amygdalina (MLVA) and 400 mg/kg BW of Vitamin E for 14 consecutive days. Nitrobenzene significantly (P<0.05) induced hepatic damage with marked serum level of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Furthermore, nitrobenzene mediated oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation with a significant increase in hepatic level of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), with concomitant decrease in level of reduced glutathione (GSH), Catalase (CAT) and Superoxide dismutase (SOD). Similarly, inflammation was observed in nitrobenzene-treated rats with elevated level of nitric oxide (NO) and myeloperoxidase (MPO). However, treatment with the chosen doses of MLVA and Vitamin E significantly reversed all the nitrobenzene-associated hepatic damage, oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, inflammation and altered antioxidant defence system. Taken together, MLVA exhibited hepatoprotection which may be beneficial for the treatment and management of liver diseases or other related disorders via protecting the structural integrity of the liver, antioxidant, antiinflammatory mechanisms.


CENTRAL UPLIFTS OF THE FLYNN CREEK AND WELLS CREEK IMPACT STRUCTURES. K.A. Milam 1 , T. Henderson 2 , R. M. Steinberg 1 , and J. Martin 1 , 1 Department of Geological Sciences, Ohio University, 316 Clippinger Laboratories, Athens, OH 45701 (email@example.com), Purdue University, Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences Department, 550 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 479072051 (email@example.com).


Bewick et a1 (1987) have recently found lowered levels of erythrocyte superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase (GSH peroxidase) activities in patients with untreated malignant lymphoma. They discussed the clinical significance of these enzyme deficiencies in connection with the impairment of an anti-oxidant system in erythrocytes, conceivably accompanied by haemolysis. There are two reasons why it is difficult to accept that GSH peroxidase deficiency could have been responsible for the haemolytic anaemia. Firstly, it is generally believed that membrane lipids are major targets for cellular damage induced by oxygen radicals. It has been suggested that it is through glutathione peroxidase activity that reduced glutathione protects the erythrocyte against lipid peroxidation. However, we hLave recently reported that GSH peroxidase is not responsible for the protection against peroxidation of erythrocyte membrane lipids (Fujii et al. 1983, 1984). In addition, recent evidence indicates that GSH peroxidase does not participate in the antioxidant system against lipid peroxidation even in other tissues (Burk et al, 1980: Gibson et al, 1980: McCay et al, 1981; Mariorino et al, 1982: Ursini et al, 1982). Secondly, attempts to incriminate GSH peroxidase deficiency as a cause of increased oxidative haernolysis have been unconvincing. No relationship exists between enzyme activity and haemolysis. It is well known that genetic polymorphisms and variations in the dietary content of selenium influence GSH peroxidase activity. The previously reported cases of the enzyme deficiency with haemolytic anaemia manifested only a modest decrement of enzyme activity, which is comparable to the reported level of GSH peroxidase activity in the patients with untreated malignant lymphoma. The enzyme activity in such patients is no lower than that in haematologically normal persons who inherit a gene for low GSH peroxidase activity (Beutler & Matsumoto, 1975) or in healthy persons whose selenium intake is low (Thornson et al, 1977a. 1982). Because of these findings, the proposed clinical significance of this enzyme deficiency in the patients with untreated malignant lymphoma is questionable.


Effluents from several industries engaged in the production of wood pulp [1] and refining of olive oil and sugar [2,3] contain oxalic acid and oxalates. Human excreta and urine also contain oxalic acid which is carried away in municipal waste water [4]. Water containing oxalic acid is unfit for human consumption and can cause formation of kidney stones in human and animal beings. Such a water is also harmful to aquatic life and for plants because it can precipitate out calcium as calcium oxalate depriving the plants of calcium which is so vital for then growth [5-7], Thus it is essential that water before its supply be given some treatment to remove oxalic acid.


In this paper, a matheuristic iterative approach (MHIA) is proposed to solve the line planning problem, also called network design problem, and frequency setting on the Chinese high-speed railway network. Our optimization model integrates the cost-oriented and passenger-oriented objectives into a profit-oriented objective. Therefore, the passenger travel time is incorporated in the ticket price using a travel time value. As a result, transfers and detours will result in lower ticket prices and thus lower revenues for the operator. When evaluating the performance of a given line plan, the way in which passengers will travel through the network needs to be modelled. This passenger assignment is typically a time-consuming calculation. The proposed line planning approach iteratively improves the line plan using easy-to-determine indicators. During the process, a mixed integer linear programming model addresses the passenger assignment and optimizes the frequency setting in order to maximise the operational profit. Extensive computational experiments are executed to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach to deal with the real-world railway network line planning problem. Through extensive computational experiments on the small example network and real-world-based instances, the results show that the proposed model can improve the profits by 22.4% on average comparing to their initial solutions. When comparing to an alternative iterative approach, our proposed method has advantage of obtaining high quality of solutions by improving the profit 10.8% on average. For small, medium, and large size networks, the obtained results are close to the optimal solutions, when available.


Glossary List of Abbreviations 1. Introduction: From Dictatorship to Democracy 2. Towards a Federal Spain 3. Parties and elections 4. The balance of powers 5. The policy labyrinth 6. Policy processes 7. Spain in the European Union


I examine how AIDS affected patterns of sexual behavior among gay men. I pay particular attention to monogamy, a sexual behavior associated with long-term partnerships, like marriage. This focus allows me to address: homosexual family formation and its responsiveness to exogenous shifts in incentives; AIDS-induced physical limitations; and precautionary sexual measures taken to avoid HIV infection. To identify the impact of AIDS, I use data from before and after a medical innovation known as HAART. As the first effective treatment for HIV infection, HAART reshuffled incentives for sexual behavior and monogamy. The main findings of the study are: (1) HAART-induced health improvements increased demand for sex partners among HIV+ subjects; (2) HIV− subjects shift away from precautionary behavior after HAART introduction; (3) Exits from multiple partners to monogamy also increase in the post-HAART era. Among the HIV−, I argue that this movement is driven by HAART-induced decreases in the cost of search for monogamous partners. I also find evidence of a "repartnering" effect: quicker and safer partner searches after HAART introduction encouraged subjects to find more suitable mates. For HIV+ subjects, this increase in monogamy was further underscored by HAART-induced improvements in health and life-expectancy, which rendered HIV+ subjects more valuable as long-term mates. JEL Classification: C41, I10, I18, J10, J12, J18 ∗I gratefully acknowledge support from the Center for Research in Economics and Strategy (CRES), in the Olin Business School, Washington University in St. Louis along with helpful comments and suggestions from: Kelly Bishop, Melanie Blackwell, Tat Chan, Sebastian Galiani, Vivek Gupta, Barton Hamilton, Pamela Jakiela, Alvin Murphy, Karen Norberg, Juan Pantano, Robert Pollak, Raul SantaeulaliaLlopis, Robert Walker, and participants at the Development and Public Policy seminar at Washington University in St. Louis and the Midwest Economics Association annual meeting. All errors are my own. Department of Economics, Washington University in St. Louis. Email to: papageorge at wustl.edu.


Robots make good workers. They perform a routine task time after time with the same precision until they wear out. They are not distracted. Moods do not alter their performance. They can work around the clock. They do not take sick days or vacation. But they are also not very adaptable. Traditional robotic designs typically tailor a robot for a specific task. However, in certain situations, there is a need for a multifunctional, adaptable robotic system with autonomic attributes which can be used in an improvisational manner. Modular robotics research arose out of a need for these more general multi-purpose Harry H. Cheng is a professor in the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering at the University of California, Davis. He is an ASME Fellow and the founding chair of the Mechatronic and Embedded Systems and Applications Technical Committee of the ASME Design Engineering Division.


Why novels and poems in our medical schools? I am hardly in a position to be objective about that question. I went into medicine, I think it fair to say, out of an enormous respect for and admiration of Dr. William Carlos Williams, poet, novelist, playwright, essayist, critic, and, not least, physician. I wrote my college thesis on the first book of his long poem Paterson, and thereby got to know him. Until then, I'd been a "history and literature" major, with a strong side interest in jazz. I went on house visits with Dr. Williams, came to know some of his patients, became utterly taken with the work he did, decided (quite belatedly) to take premedical courses—and had a devil of a time doing so. I managed the subject matter fairly well, but I had a lot of trouble with the fierce, relentless, truculent competitiveness that seemed inseparable from the study of biology, organic chemistry, physics. And I regret to say that now, a quarter of a century later, I still see such an atmosphere at Harvard College—and no doubt other colleges have no immunity to the problem. Students come see me often, and their turmoil sends my head reeling with bad memories. How might we help intelligent, ambitious premedical students learn, yet resist the more unsavory aspects of premedical life? I do not think it an exaggeration to say that were it not for Dr. Williams's generous, personal support, I would not have lasted that first, college phase of scientific education, and maybe not the critical first two years of medical school—a continuation, then at least, of laboratory work, with virtually no chance to meet these ailing fellow human beings who get called patients. What Dr. Williams did, over and over, was to suggest books I ought to read: Chekhov, Camus, Kafka, not to mention some of his own stories (collected as Life along the Passaic). He urged me to read Arrowsmith again—a book usually read in high school or early college, then forgotten by many of us who become physicians. He reminded me, repeatedly, how much Dostoevsky and Tolstoy had to say about illness and its vicissitudes, and of course, Thomas Mann. As I responded, I found the


Purpose: Accumulating evidence suggests that the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) plays an important role in atherogenesis. The immunoproteasome is the predominant proteasome in monocytes and macrophages. Its proteolytic subunit LMP7 is induced by inflammatory cytokines. Besides its role in antigen presentation the immunoproteasome is involved in protein homeostasis under conditions of oxidative stress, regulation of cytokine expression and cell proliferation. The current study evaluates the effect of LMP7 deficiency on early atherosclerosis in LDL receptor deficient (LDLR -/-) mice.

Methods and results: For investigation of early atherosclerosis LDLR and LMP7 double knock-out (LDLR-/- LMP7-/-) and LDLR-/- mice, 10 weeks of age, were fed a Western type diet for 6 weeks. There were no significant differences in body weight or general condition of the animals. Cholesterol and triglyceride plasma levels were similar in both groups. LDLR-/- LMP7-/- mice exhibited significantly lower systolic blood pressure compared to LDLR-/- mice (113.8±2.8 vs. 128.1±1.6 mmHg; p < 0.05). Importantly, there were no differences in early atherosclerotic lesion burden as assessed by en face Oil red O staining of whole aortas and aortic root sections. Serum cytokine levels of IL-6, MCP-1 and IFN-γ did not differ significantly between both groups. Functional integrity of the UPS was demonstrated by the absence of accumulation of polyubiquitinated proteins in LDLR-/- LMP7-/- compared to LDLR-/- mice. Unchanged rates of protein oxidation in LDLR-/- LMP7-/- as assessed by OxyBlot demonstrated sufficient elimination of damaged proteins and/or preserved anti-oxidative capacity in aortas.

Conclusion: LMP7 immunoproteasome subunit deficiency does not alter early atherosclerotic lesion progression, demonstrating functional integrity of a LMP7-deficient UPS in early atherogenesis. Future studies will investigate the effect of LMP7 deficiency in advanced stages of atherosclerosis.


The present article is a revision of one originally published as 'La uncion de Aaron. Un estudio de Lev 8:12 en su centexto veterotestamentario y antiguo cercano-oriental,' Theologika 11/1 (1996): 64-83. (Theologika is a biennial theological journal of Universidad Peruana Union, Lima, Peru.) The study is partly based on research undertaken for the author's D .Litt. thesis at the University of Stellenbosch. See G. A. Klingbeil, "Ordination and Ritual: On the Symbolism of Time, Space, and Actions in Leviticus 8," (D. Litt. diss. University of StelIenbosch, 1995). A revised version of the dissertation has been published in 1998 by Edwin Mellen Press under the title A Comparative Study of the Ritual of Ordination as Found in Leviticus 8 and Emar 369. The financial assistance of the South African Center for Science Development toward this research is hereby acknowledged. Furthermore, the author would like to thank the University of Stellenbosch for awarding him the Stellenbosch 2000 bursary, which constituted a substantial help in the financing of the doctoral studies. 2 This study will concentrate upon Lev 8:12, which describes the anointing of Aaron only. Verse 30 of the same chapter includes a short note as to the anointing "with blood and oil" of Aaron and his sons. In a recent article, D. Fleming suggested that the existence of two anointing rites in the ordination ritual (8:12 describing the anointing of Aaron and 8:30 describing the anointing of him and his sons) indicates the existence of two distinctive customs. However, it could also be argued that the division indicates two different ritual states of the participants ("More Help from Syria: Introducing Emar to Biblical Studies," BA 58/3 [1995]: 143-144). 3 Concerning the relationship between Exod 29 and Lev 8 one can find three main viewpoints in the literature: (1) Lev 8 is the older document and therefore Exod 29 is dependent on Lev 8. See B. A. Levine, "The Descriptive Ritual Texts of the Pentateuch," JAOS 85 (1965): 311-312; K. Elliger, Leviticus, HAT 4 (Tiibingen:J. C. B. Mohr [Paul Siebeck], 1966), 107ff.; and M. Noth, Das dritte Buch Mose: Leviticus, 4th ed., Am 6 (G6ttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1978),56. (2) There exists an intricate interrelationship between Exod 29 and Lev 8 suggesting some kind of literary dependence, but-in line with modern communication theory-there is no benefit in separating "earlier" and "later" sources. This mediating position is held by H. Utzschneider, Das Heiligtum und das Gesetz: Studien zur Bedeutung der sinaitischen Heiligtumstexte (Exod 25-40; Lev 8-9), OBO 77 (Fribourg: Universit:itsverlag, 1988), 37; and J. E. Hartley, who assume that both Exod 29 and Lev 8 were dependent on an


A method for producing an at least a bearing eye having workpiece, wherein the bearing eye is coated with a sliding layer of an alloy of a harder and a softer alloy component, characterized in that the bearing eye is first processed in register to form a circular cylinder, before the slide layer electrically processed on the bearing eyes surface is deposited in a corresponding to the final gauge thickness, wherein the proportion of the softer alloy component is increased in the deposited alloy with increasing layer thickness, by the strength of the electric field used for the separation process in dependence on the desired increase in the proportion of the softer during the galvanic deposition process alloy component is changed.


The invention provides a preparation method of a cellulose nano-fiber/polylactic acid composite membrane. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: (1) treating raw materials; (2) performing chemical treatment; (3) performing mechanical treatment; (4) preparing a nano cellulose membrane; (5) preparing a nano cellulose/polylactic acid composite membrane material by using a mixing and dissolving method or an immersion method. The preparation method has the advantages that lignin and most of hemicellulose are removed by using a chemical method, and under a water wet swelling condition, water fills the positions in which most of the hemicellulose and the lignin are removed, so that the hydrogen bond acting force among fibrillae is reduced; then lignocellulose nano fibrillae with uniform morphological sizes and mesh gangles are prepared by adopting mechanical treatment. The nano celluloses prepared by grinding for 30 minutes and homogenizing are small in diameter size and are uniformly distributed, the diameters of the nano fibrillae is 15-50nm, and the length-diameter ratio is high and reaches 1200. The cellulose nano-fiber/polylactic acid composite membrane can be used as a substitute and the like for a flexible display, electronic paper, a solar battery, a flexible circuit and a glass substrate.


Abstract Age-related hearing loss is prevalent in two-thirds of older adults and reflects progressive impairments in cochlear function leading to impoverished peripheral neural encoding of sound. Research has demonstrated the broader implications of hearing loss for the health and functioning of older adults, particularly with respect to brain aging and dementia. This presentation will summarize current epidemiological and neuroimaging evidence for how hearing loss in older adults affects cognitive load and brain structure/function and relate this contemporary research with previous psychological studies proposing 'information degradation' and 'sensory deprivation' hypotheses of how hearing may affect cognitive function. Finally, the design of an ongoing NIA-funded randomized controlled trial (ACHIEVE- Aging and Cognitive Health Evaluation in Elders) that will determine if hearing treatment reduces the risk of cognitive decline, dementia, and brain aging in adults will be discussed. Part of a symposium sponsored by Brain Interest Group.


In various study courses for notation of the same notions there are occurred different terminology. There are explored situation on Faculty of Engineering as well as on the basis of Latvia standardization and practical experience the recommendatory for improving of study process are developed.


saline-washed normal human red cells are mixed with equal volumes of an eluate from a o9Mo@@9mTc generator has previously been described (1 ) . A pos sible explanation for this phenomenon was thought to be the introduction of large amounts of hydrogen peroxide which had been formed by irradiation of water in an oxygen atmosphere. The second possi bility was trace-metal contamination stemming from the construction of the generator column. Every component used in the procedure was examined to determine its role in the agglutination reaction, and the presence of excessive amounts of aluminum was proven to be the agglutinating substance.


With the development of the times and society, the requirements for education are also improved. In the process of teaching students, in addition to the basic theoretical knowledge teaching, the practical teaching is also very necessary. This requires us to carry out the construction of art laboratory and scientific management. This paper is just to analyze this, hoping to provide some effective help.


A simplified analysis is presented to extend a previous work [1] on flame extinction in a quiescent microgravity environment to a more likely situation of a mild opposing flow. The energy balance equation, that includes surface re-radiation, is solved to yield a closed form spread rate expression in terms of its thermal limit, and a radiation number that can be evaluated from the known parameters of the problem. Based on this spread rate expression, extinction criterions for a flame over solid fuels, both thin and thick, have been developed that are qualitatively verified with experiment s conducted at the MGLAB [2] in Japan. Flammability maps with oxygen level, opposing flow velocity and fuel thickness as independent variables are extracted from the theory that explains the well-established trends in the existing experimental data [3].


Currently there is a growing trend towards using Web services to integrate heterogeneous systems. However, in order to use web services in real world applications, a key aspect must be addressed: reliable messaging. Two similar specifications, WS-Reliability and WS-ReliableMessaging, have emerged to undertake this issue, but confusing the community at the same time. In this work we provide an analysis and comparison of these two competing specifications, and related information in the context of web services, message-oriented middleware and enterprise integration.


In this paper, the spectral characteristics of uninterpolated and interpolated signals are analyzed, and a new audio spectral measure, Band-Partitioning Spectral Smoothness (BPSS) is proposed. For interpolated signals, the spectral smoothness in the high frequency band produced by interpolation is much smaller than in the other frequency band. And then the signal spectrum is partitioned into several sub-bands uniformly and BPSS is used to denote the spectral smoothness of each sub-band. A comprehensive strategy to detect audio interpolation and stitching by BPSS is presented. The proposed method can determine whether an audio signal has been interpolated or stitched, furthermore the original sampling rate of the interpolated signal can be estimated. Experiment results prove its high accuracy. This method has low computational


Objective To investigate the immunologic enhancement of Dioscorea opposita Thunb.polysaccharide.Methods Dioscorea opposita Thunb.polysaccharide in different dosages(200,400,800 mg/kg)were given by IG for 8 d.A series of tests were carried out,such as the spleen lymph cells transformation of Con A inducing method(MTT method),hemolytic test of blood serum and hem chrome and mouse carbon test.Results The results showed that Dioscorea opposita Thunb.polysaccharide was significant to Con A induced mice Lymphocyte transformation test;HC50 raised in all three concentrations;ratio of monocytemacrophage carbon grain elimination has significant changes to the control.Conclusion Dioscored opposita Thunb.polysaccharide possesses a potential effect of immune regulation.


Brand relationship has been proposed since 1990s,and it has become a hot research.The paper introduces psychological contract from organizational behavior to study brand relationships.Psychological contract in marketing scenario includes transaction psychological contract and contractual psychological contract.When consumers violate psychological contract in brand relations,they will take fault,complaint,silence,sabotage actions and so on.


We consider a variational problem with boundary singularity and Dirichlet condition. We give a blow-up analysis for sequences of solutions of an equation with exponential nonlinearity. Also, we derive a compactness criterion under some conditions.


Notwithstanding the lack of explicit references to Plato's works in Clausewitz's writings, this article argues that the Prussian General may have been influenced by the Greek philosopher. First, Clausewitz's concept of "absolute war" has an ideality close to that of a Platonic form, and some of its elements are already present in the Republic. Second, there are strong analogies between Clausewitz's trinitarian definition of war and the psychosocial features of Plato's city. Lastly, the article draws a comparison between Clausewitz's analysis of "martial genius" and Plato's concept of thumos.


This study suggests the influence of government spending on education and health on poverty in South Kalimantan Province in 2012-2016. Poverty is a big and basic problem. Therefore, the purpose of this study looks at how the effects or effects of education and health spending on poverty are affected. Panel data to be used in this research.               The fixed effect model (FEM) approach becomes the analytical method used in this study by using multiple linear regression analysis method. And using the Simultaneous Test (Test F), Individual Test (Test t) and Test R-Square (R2).               Based on the result of research estimation of expenditure or expenditure from government of field that is education and health together have a significant influence to poverty and the most dominant factor influencing poverty is government expenditure in health sector.Keywords : Poverty, Government Expenditure on Education, Government Expenditure on Health.


The study investigates the effect of interactive media, make a match, and lecture method on learning achievement of virus. The research method used was quasi-experimental (quasi-experimental) with the pretest-posttest non-equivalent control group design. This research was conducted from September 2019 to November 2019 in High School A and High School T with a duration of learning ± 3 hours of study.ANOVA test results on the average value of N-Gain showed the same results as the post-test. N-Gain in ICT learning media class, make a match learning model class and lecture learning method classes respectively amounted to 58.6 ± 13.6, 40.8 ± 17.6 and 40.5 ± 14.3. However, based on linear regression analysis, student learning outcomes are influenced by student perception factors and students' visual learning styles (P <0.05). The successful use of interactive ICT learning media is influenced by student perception factors and student visual learning style factors.


Abstract Objective: Sudden onset clinically significant eating restrictions are a defining feature of the clinical presentation of some of the cases of pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome (PANS). Restrictions in food intake are typically fueled by contamination fears; fears of choking, vomiting, or swallowing; and/or sensory issues, such as texture, taste, or olfactory concerns. However, body image distortions may also be present. We investigate the clinical presentation of PANS disordered eating and compare it with that of other eating disorders. Methods: We describe 29 patients who met diagnostic criteria for PANS. Most also exhibited evidence that the symptoms might be sequelae of infections with Group A streptococcal bacteria (the pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorder associated with streptococcal infections [PANDAS] subgroup of PANS). Results: The clinical presentations are remarkable for a male predominance (2:1 M:F), young age of the affected children (mean=9 years; range 5–12 ...


It is a fact that each language has specific mechanisms through which it expresses grammatical notions. One of such mechanisms in the Igbo language is the use of so called "extensional suffixes". The aim in this paper is to show through descriptive analysis how certain notions morphologically realised in the Igbo language through the use of extensional suffixes morphologically appear in Spanish.


FIP can occur wherever FECV is present, so it is ubiquitous among most cat populations worldwide, although it is particularly common in catteries and multi-cat households. The infection is spread by the faecal-oral route and viral shedding occurs approximately within a week of exposure. FECV shedding can be transient, recurrent or chronic over months to years. Immunity in recovered animals is weak and re-infections are not uncommon.


This study summarizes amphibian and reptile records from ad-hoc surveys in a series of localities in the North-West of Madagascar, largely centered around the delta of the Betsiboka river. Approximately 11 amphibian and 32 reptile species were found, with taxonomic uncertainties remaining for some of them. Among the most relevant findings, we report on range extensions northwards of Aglyptodactylus laticeps (verified by DNA sequencing), and of an enigmatic skink of the Trachylepis aureopunctata group, possibly close to T. dumasi, T. tandrefana, or T. volamenaloha . We furthermore provide anecdotal information on habitat and natural history of several rare and regionally endemic burrowing skinks, i.e., Voeltzkowia mira, V. yamagishii, and Pygomeles petteri.


Analysis of focus group and narrative data, together with a review of initial educator/teacher education programs designed for northern Indigenous educators/teachers, provide implications for culturally appropriate programs that address the unique needs of northern Canadian Indigenous educators and teachers. The professional trajectories and initial teacher/educator education experiences of five Indigenous early childhood educators and teachers provide insight into the challenges of becoming credentialed and the outcomes of accredited programs designed in collaboration with northern Indigenous leaders to respond to the challenges.


This study is dedicated to developing the technology for growing InAs/GaSb superlattices (SLs) by MOCVD. The structures were studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and photoluminescence (PL) methods. We concluded that hetero-interface sharpness is not affected by the pause time between growth stages for separate layers or by switching the layer direction. A possible interpretation for the spectra of SLs was suggested.


As the industry moves into the next millennium, higher product quality demands to meet the higher performance needs of modern engine technology and rising costs of traditional good quality lube crudes are driving lubricant base oil manufacturers to select hydroprocessing options versus traditional solvent refining techniques. This paper discusses how to properly select the best economic hydroprocessing technology necessary to produce high quality lubricant base oils and waxes. The economic success of such operations depends on the proper combination of process and catalyst technologies that maximizes yields of high quality products with minimum consumption of hydrogen resources and process utilities. This is particular true on the extreme end of the quality spectrum, namely, Very High Viscosity Index (VHVI) base oils and food grade white oils and waxes where there is no room for marginal product quality. Multiplicity of operations is also becoming more important as refiners try to upgrade their facilities with as little capital expense as possible, while at the same time, broaden their high valued product slate to recoup these expenses in the shortest possible payback period. Lyondell Licensing and Criterion Catalyst have put together an effective alliance based on years of development and commercial experience in bothmore » the process and catalyst areas to assist lubricant oil manufacturers in meeting these future challenges using as much existing equipment and infrastructure as is practical. Their experience will permit the proper fitting of the chemistry of hydroprocessing to make lubricant base oils to existing or new operations.« less


In this note I establish a ''Birkhoff's type theorem'' for the most general second‐order vector–tensor theory of gravitation and electromagnetism, which is such that its field equations are (i) derivable from a variational principle, (ii) consistent with the notion of conservation of charge, (iii) compatible with Maxwell's equations in a flat space, and (iv) in agreement with Einstein's equations in the absence of electromagnetic fields. I also present solutions to these field equations which can be regarded as representing the gravitational and electromagnetic field outside of a magnetic monopole. It turns out that these magnetic monopole solutions admit event horizons when the mass of the source is sufficiently large.


The utility model relates to a liquid nitrogen pump unit loading test and experiment system, which is used for testing nitrogen foam fracturing equipment for oil-gas fields or coalbed methane. The system is provided with a hydraulic damper unit and a pressure regulation unit, the hydraulic damper unit comprises a water tank, a pump package apparatus and a manifold system, the manifold system mixes the room-temperature, high-pressure gaseous nitrogen coming from a liquid nitrogen pump unit and the high-pressure water coming from the pump package apparatus into high-pressure liquid-gas mixture, and the pressure regulation unit pressurizes the water discharged by the hydraulic damper unit by regulating the flow of the high-pressure liquid-gas mixture. The system utilizes the hydraulic loading apparatus to carry out loading, thus avoiding the technical difficulty and safety risk brought about by pressure loading implemented by gas; the pressure regulation system is easy and accurate to operate; the power transmission system and the fluid distribution system of the system are utilized to control the nitrogen output of the liquid nitrogen unit, additional power is not needed, and the equipment cost and energy are saved.


80 one-day-old chickens were randomly divided into four groups at 20 in each.Experimental groups were hypodermical injected with different doses of Astragalus polysaccharides(APS),and control group was given physiological saline for seven consecutive days.Then blood samples were collected on the 7th,14th,21st,28th,35th,42nd,49th and 56th to detect AI-HI and ND-HI antibody titers.Results indicated that it showed an enhancement on AI-HI and ND-HI antibody titers in every experimental group,and middle dose of APS showed the best immune effect.


How do judges distribute unclaimed settlement money? The surprising answer is "pretty much however they want." Linda Stamato and Sanford M. Jaffe, of New Brunswick, N.J., propose setting up independent federal circuit court panels to assist with judges' charitable inclinations.


[Objective]The study aimed to investigate the acute toxicity and mutagenicity of Forsythia suspensa leavies in mice.[Method] To study the the acute toxicity of Forsythia suspensa leavies,the largest amount was administrated to the mice by stomach feeding.Within 7 d observation,the mice were continuously observed.And at the end of the experiment,mice were sacrificed for autopsy.The hematological indexes and bio-chemical indexes of blood were detected.The micronuclear tests in polychromatophil cells were performed.[Result]There was no significant difference on the acute toxicity test,behavioral characteristics,weight,pathological anatomy of visceral organs,hematological indexes and biochemical indexes between the experimental groups and the control group.The maximum amount of observation was 60 000 mg/kg.Micronucleus test was the negative reaction.[Conclusion] The Forsythia suspensa leavies belonged to the non-toxic substance and had no mutagenicity in mice according to the test.The Forsythia suspensa leavies were safe in veterinary clinical application.


VioLit summary: OBJECTIVE: This article by Taylor examined different types of juvenile offenders, methods of identification, and appropriate treatments. Specifically the author made a distinction between a serious juvenile offender and the less dangerous, chronic offender. METHODOLOGY: A non-experimental literature review was done for this study. The author reviewed both psychological and sociological research on youth offenders, causes of their behavior, and the options for treatment. FINDINGS/DISCUSSION: It was found that, due to the new awareness of the benefits of community-based alternatives for less serious offenders, there is a need to distinguish between the more and less serious delinquents. While many judge the offender by the severity of the violent act, the author argued that this may be misleading as some youth were never violent before the act, and never will be again. Others look at the recidivism rates, but the author felt this, too, is an incorrect measure due to the fact that chronic, repeating offenders may not be committing any serious, assaultive crimes. Thus, the author argued that when a child has been convicted of a serious, assaultive crime, (and the dimensions of intent, degree of harm, and the victim-offender relationship itself are taken into account), the crime should be the main criteria for his identification as a serious offender, but the juvenile's background behavior history is also critical. Specifically, it was shown that the existence of a history of progressively more assaultive antisocial or criminal behavior offers the best evidence that the youth is a serious offender. In addition, recidivism and the prior non-criminal behavior patterns were also factors in the identification and assessment. Finally, a less serious chronic offender was defined as not as dangerous and committed to the delinquent lifestyle. AUTHOR'S RECOMMENDATIONS: The author strongly recommended that the treatment be geared to the individual and that the youth's needs be well-matched with the services and treatment response. She proposed prevention, or community-based early intervention, for children who are identified to be at a high risk of becoming assaultive delinquents. In addition, the author recommended that for those who have committed a serious crime and are identified as a violent serious offender, they should be committed to a secure facility for 3 to 6 months, a thorough evaluation should be made, and behavior should be stabilized or brought under control. For chronic, less serious offenders, the recommended treatment was a community-based, controlled, residential setting. It was noted that the treatment model should include the elements of primary relationships, defined as the relationship between the child and a primary counselor, and the element of "milieu", the structured services and contacts in the community. The author recommended that all programs should look at the individual's motivations and problems in order to specialize and individualize the treatments offered. (CSPV Abstract - Copyright © 1992-2007 by the Center for the Study and Prevention of Violence, Institute of Behavioral Science, Regents of the University of Colorado) Literature Review Juvenile Offender Juvenile Treatment Juvenile Violence Offender Assessment Offender Treatment Treatment Recommendations Violence Assessment Violence Treatment 03-05


Copyright: © 2015 Thomas S, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. The growth story of Indian Economy has been significant in the recent years. But in terms of poverty reduction India is lagging behind and it has lot more to do. India's performance is dismal with regard to the Multidimensional Poverty Index introduced by UNDP in its Human Development Report 2010. This is an attempt to evaluate the findings of the expert groups on the measurement of poverty and to analyse how far we have achieved our target of inclusiveness in poverty reduction.


A vacuum-voltmeter[ 1 ] (VVM) was fielded on the Saturn pulsed-power generator during a series of 12-MA short-circuit, 6-MA aluminum wire-array z-pinch, and 6 MA argon Plasma Radiation Source (PRS) shots. The VVM was connected to the convolute structure in the vacuum chamber above the load. This arrangement permitted the VVM to directly measure the time-resolved voltage between the ground side of the magnetically insulated transmission line (MITL) anode and the negative high-voltage cathode feed to the load. The time-resolved voltage and the separately-measured load current are used to determine several dynamic properties during the wire or gas-puff load implosion, namely, the inductance, L(t), coupled energy delivered to the load, Ecoupled(t), and the load radius, r(t). We report here the results of these tests for a fixed inductance short-circuit load and a 12-cm diameter, argon gas-puff load. We correlate the time dependent electrical parameters with the radiation output from the imploding loads. In particular, we observe electrical energy being delivered to the pinch during and after the radiation pulse.[2][3]


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Objective To ensure the security of clinical blood transfusion by analyzing the causes of non-standard fill ing of transfusion application forms.Methods Statistical analysis of transfusion application forms were carried out on three aspects-patient information,hospital levels and doctor levels,which were collected in six local hospitals in 2011.Results 34 883 transfusion application forms were collected.10 991 pieces of them are standard filled,accounting for 31.5%.The quality of transfusion application forms in the third-grade hospital was better than other hospital,and the quality of transfusion application forms of intermediate certificate doctor 's were better than other doctors.Conclusion Nonstandard filling transfusion application forms is frequently.Improving the quality effectively,regulating blood transfusions application enhancing the responsibility and self-protection consciousness of medical workers can really im prove the blood safety for clinical use in all levels of medical agencies.


The aim of this paper is to contribute to improving visitor monitoring in the Tatra National Park, based on the results obtained from the pilot use of a counting device. A direct data collection method was applied in order to monitor the number of visits. In the study period from May 31, 2008, to November 20, 2008, a counting device with pyroelectric detector (Eco Twin) registered the exact number of tourists entering the specified sector of the hiking trail that leads from the crossing near Žabi brook to Rysy peak. During the total observation period, the system registered 96 366 traverses. As a result, an average daily volume of visits and a total volume of visits for the selected trail segment were identified. Temporal changes in the intensity of recreational use on a weekly and daily basis were observed for the period from June to October 2008 as well as the acceptance by visitors of seasonal trail closure. The current number of visitors was related to the specified carrying capacity of the trail and the impact of weather on the number of visitors was also taken into account. For the next period, we suggested further lines of investigation. Extension and improvement of research in this area is urgently needed because the amount and dynamics of visits to the Tatra mountains has changed in recent years. This might have an impact on the environment of the national park and biosphere reserve. The management will have to take this fact into account.


Purpose – Water heating is one of the major energy‐consuming operations in the lodging sector. The purpose of the current study is to estimate the energy consumed and emission associated with hot water usage, to predict the energy cost required under different hot water systems in hotels; and to create a model for the decision‐making criteria in selecting hot water systems.Design/methodology/approach – A total of 24 hotels, which use heat pumps as their main water heating systems, were investigated. A tailor‐made model for estimating the energy requirement of the water heating system was employed. Comparative studies on the energy consumption and energy costs of various types of water heating systems, including heat pumps, diesel boilers, gas boilers, and electric boilers, were conducted. Moreover, an analytic hierarchy process was used to analyze hoteliers' and lenders' selection criteria for water heating facilities.Findings – The energy output for water heating by heat pumps was estimated at 15 GW in t...


This principle of "less eligibility" meant simply that no able-bodied person on the dole should be allowed to live as well as the lowest paid worker. In fact, whether understood as principle or simply as labor market imperative, "less eligibility" has shaped western policies of social assistance from the time of their invention in the late Middle Ages up to the present. To be sure, as social insurance programs for categories of people who were deemed no longer to be employable, mainly the aged and the disabled, came to cover more people, the principle of less eligibility was, in effect, softened. "Insurance" meant that many people earned a measure of protection from the market by virtue of their record of regular and long term employment. Still, for the many who could not qualify, there were only the means-tested programs, or the dole. Less eligibility has never been simply about income. It has also been about dignity. Those on the dole must not only have less of the economic means of subsistence. They must also be stripped of social standing. From the origins of poor relief systems in Europe during the sixteenth century, the giving of assistance to the poor has always been accompanied by the systematic rituals of punishment and degradation. Paupers were displayed in the stocks or paraded behind a cart on market day. Meanwhile, the penalties for beggary or vagrancy were elaborated and harshened. Later, the workhouse was invented. Incarcerating the poor and inventing ways for them to toil for their gruel was almost always more expensive than simply giving them a pittance to live on their own. Then and now, disciplinary regimens cost money, helping to explain why spending on social programs does not fall even when aid to the poor does. But costs notwithstanding, as the Poor Law Commissioners who announced the principle of less eligibility explained, the cruel regimen of the workhouse would teach the principle not only to workhouse inmates, but to all who observed the miserable fate of the pauper. If the principle of less eligibility still holds, and of course it does, then we should expect that the large changes in the American labor market of the past several decades would have been accompanied by parallel changes in our social assistance programs. The trends associated with globalization and intensified competition have transformed work in the United States and other rich countries. Wages have stagnated or fallen, work contracts have become much more insecure, and women have been drawn into the labor force in massive numbers. Whether we call this new phase hyper-capitalism or neoliberalism, we should expect commensurately large changes in the policies that provide income for the poor and unemployed. At first glance, it is not obvious that such changes have occurred. To be sure, the passage of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) in 1996, effectively eliminated the entitlement of poor mothers to cash assistance, and the welfare rolls plummeted. Still, other assistance programs to the poor remained and even expanded, including Medicaid, the food stamp program, and the Earned Frances Fox Piven is Distinguished Professor of Political Science and Sociology at the Graduate School and University Center of The City University of New York (email@example.com).


Introduction: Identifying modifiable risk factors for pancreatic cancer is important because of its poor prognosis. Previous findings on diet are inconsistent. Methods: Associations between intake of nutrients, food groups, dietary patterns, and pancreatic cancer risk were examined among 34,642 postmenopausal women in the Iowa Women's Health Study (IWHS). Results: No significant associations were observed between intake of nutrients and food groups or dietary patterns and pancreatic cancer. Conclusion: Our findings do not support the hypothesis that fruits, vegetables, and red meat are associated with risk of pancreatic cancer. Impact: Dietary intake, assessed in multiple aspects in a large prospective cohort study, was not associated with pancreatic cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 20(4); 711–4. ©2011 AACR.


Several studies that describe group model building interventions assert that these interventions can produce new insight. No previous study has examined whether these new insights are enduring. This paper reports on evaluation of four qualitative system dynamics interventions conducted 12 months after the interventions. The interventions each consisted of a three hour workshop followed by a two-hour workshop one week later, to plan strategy implementation initiatives in a government department. A change of circumstances meant that the workshop conclusions were not implemented. Statistical comparison of work samples from immediately before and after the workshop, and twelve months later, suggest that participants views on the workshop topic changed through the workshop process, and that these changes were enduring even in the absence of reinforcing activities. Mental model change is proposed as an explanatory mechanism.


In order to rationally utilize seawater energy for cleaning function, improve environmental quality in the near coastal areas and sustain the economic development in coastal regions,the zoning management characteristic of division of environmental function zone and regionization of the wastewater marine disposal degree for near coastal area in China was studied, on the basis of classical natural zoning theories. Suggestions on implementing zoning management strategy of marine environment in coastal regions of China were then provided.


This article contains the transcript of a session one mother ran in her child's class. The aim of the session was to give dass members a better understanding of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in general and of her son in particular. The effectiveness of her approach is evident in the follow-up stories children wrote and in the experiences this mother recounts Included as an appendix & a questionnaire developed by three Maori parents of children with AD. These questions were used to assist them in selecting schools to meet their children's special and cultural needs.


The kinetics of the reaction between oxygen atoms and cyanogen have been studied in a capacity flow reactor at temperatures between 570 and 687 °K. The concentration of CN radicals was measured by electronic absorption spectroscopy. This work confirms the previously proposed mechanism (part II). The initial step has a rate constant of k1 = 2∙5 (± 0∙3) x 1013exp ( – 11000±2000/RT) cm3 mole–1 s–1. CN radicals are removed mainly by reactions (4) and (2) for which k4 = 6∙3 (±3∙5) x 1013exp (–2400±700/RT) cm3 mole–1s–1 and k2 = 4∙4 (±2∙0) x 1012 cm3 mole–1s–1. CN+O = CO+N, (4) CN+O2 = NCO+O. (2) The rates of reaction of CN with NO and NH3 were also measured; for CH4 and H2 limiting values were obtained.


About one quarter of the Island of Jersey is occupied by argillites or fine grits, often of a greenish grey colour referred by French geologists to the "Phyllades de St. Lo." They are, therefore, if not equivalent to the Lower Cambrian beds of Britain, slightly more ancient.inclose association with these, but according to Prof, de Lapparent, belonging rather to the upper part of the group, occur certain more or less porphyritic rocks, as to the origin of which different opinions have been entertained. M. Nouryinhis useful "Geologie de Jersey " describes them under the name of "spilites." While admitting that in many respects they exhibit the characters of an eruptive rock, he concludes, after an elaborate discussion, that they are metamorphosed argillite, the change being primarily due to the "poiphyres pétrosiliceux;" the felspar crystals, however, he thinks, may be attributed to the action of the diorite.


The invention discloses a transition duct for a combustor of a gas turbine. The transition duct generally includes an end frame that has a radially outer portion, a radially inner portion opposed to the radially outer portion, a first side portion between the radially outer and inner portions, and a second side portion opposed to the first side portion between the radially outer and inner portions. A slot may be in at least one of the radially outer portion, radially inner portion, first side portion, or second side portion of the end frame. A first plurality of axially extending passages may pass through the end frame and intersect with the slot. A terminal end of the end frame may be uninterrupted adjacent to the slot.


Dental erosion is the irreversible pathological loss of hard tissues, which are chemically dissolved by acids, especially through external means, such as diet (e.g., fruit juices, isotonic or energy drinks). This systematic review was designed to answer the question "Is there a relationship between dental erosion and regular physical activity with or without sports drink consumption?" Following the inclusion and exclusion criteria, sixteen studies were included in this systematic review (according to PRISMA statement guidelines). Based on the meta-analysis, physically active individuals who declared regular consumption of sports drinks had a more than 2.5-fold increase in the odds of erosive lesions. In general, nearly half of the people who practiced sports experienced tooth erosion, and more than half frequently consumed sports beverages. Despite the heterogeneity of the included studies (different age groups, various sports disciplines), regular physical activity was associated with an increased risk of dental erosion, especially under the influence of frequent consumption of sports drinks.


This teaching design is to get students familiar with a new genre--- memoir, and learn to write a memoir. Students will be able to identify the characteristics of a memoir, analyze the structure of a memoir, finish the joint construction of a memoir and construct a memoir independently.


The article discusses an interesting situation: a novel by a Lithuanian author, written still under the Soviet regime and published on the brink of the independence, has been translated and published in the USA. For the Lithuanian readers, the book is one of the most important literary documents of the historical situation of life in the Soviet times, as well as one of the greatest artistic achievements in the late-20th century Lithuanian literature. The article analyses the reactions of the American readers, employing the script acts theory as developed by Peter L. Shillingsburg: in what "sememic molecules" does the book appear to be framed as it travels across the Atlantic? The differences between the reactions of Lithuanian and American readers mentioned in the article cover the most prominent distinctions in the social and cultural context, but also, where the reader's own context does not provide a well-defined sememic molecule, there appears to be a way for publishing and editing decisions to guide the reader to adhere to a particular mode of reading.


Contemporary society is characterized by a very fast technological advancement and diversified, making occurring changes in people's lives and reflecting on the political relations, the incorporation of new technologies will only have sense to contribute to improving the quality of education, and have it by itself is no guarantee of quality in education. The teaching and learning is process are in the practice teacher and as a teacher and students use the technological resources available. The presence of technology should serve to enrich the educational environment, promoting the construction of knowledge through an active and critical on the part of students and teachers. The present work aims to lead to reflection on educational practice, focusing on Technological Pedagogical Strategies in Practice and the digital tools used in the classroom, emphasizing digital technologies in the learning process, presenting an analysis on the use of computers in education and identifying this tool as being of great value in the construction of knowledge.


The inverse probability weighting (IPW) method is used to handle attrition in association analyses derived from cohort studies. It consists in weighting the respondents at a given followup by their inverse probability to participate. Weights are estimated first and then used in a weighted association model. When the IPW method is used, instead of using a so-called naïve variance estimator, the literature recommends using a robust variance estimator. However, the latter may overestimate the variance because the weights are considered known rather than estimated. In this note, we develop, by a linearization technique, an estimator accounting for the weight estimation phase and explain how it differs from naïve and robust variance estimators. We compare the three variance estimators through simulations under several MAR and MNAR scenarios. We found that both the robust and linearized variance estimators were approximately unbiased, even in MNAR scenarios. The naive variance estimator severely underestimated the variance. We encourage researchers to be careful with variance estimation when using the IPW method, avoiding naïve estimator and opting for a robust or linearized estimator. R and SAS codes are provided to implement them in their own studies.


The paper deals with the variation of body color in Eristalis tenax.Changes in body color of Eristalis tenax showed the following characteristics:(1) Variation in abdominal color pattern showed great diversities.Most of the individual in population were light colored and the few dark colored.There were conspicuous differences in the variations between male and female and the male with richer variations;(2) The changes of color on hind femur displayed some continuity from black colored(viewed by naked eye) to yellowish brown and the changes were independent with the sex;(3) The variation of dark colored spot on the wing had only 2 forms,which showed no relations with the sex and the most of the individuals had the spot on the wing;(4) Variation of body color were independent with seasons and elevation.


This article examines the motif of confinement in Galdós's La desheredada (1881) as an anxious commentary on socio-political structures in Restoration Spain and on the writer's literary form in this novel. The objective of the study is to show that Galdós's appraisal of successive levels of confinement in La desheredada constituted a crucial stage in his development as a writer that would lead him to innovations in both his literary content and form after the publication of this work. The narrative of La desheredada reveals that nineteenth-century psychiatric therapies such as the moral treatment and medical interrogation were indebted to the pastoral practices of consolation and confession. This melding of disparate discourses establishes a troubling continuity between the cultural systems of the Old Regime and modernity that is expressed in the text through the motif of enclosure. The notion of confinement is shown to pervade the novel at the formal level of narrative technique through the fusion of medico-religious discourse with narrative modes of representing consciousness. And the physical particulars of the publication history of La desheredada are shown to extend the motif of confinement beyond the pages of the novel. The first chapter of La desheredada was serially excerpted in the medical journal El Diario Médico, thereby enclosing the narrative in the same medical discourse that the novel is engaged in critiquing.