The goal of this symposium is present a unique methodology that captures the mechanisms of the social ecology of adolescents generating rich data and imaging of their social and environmental determinants of health. Social Functional Mechanisms Relationship Imagining (fMRI), (Aharony, 2011) is a methodology that collects and combines psychological, behavioral, social, and spatial daily life data by integrating multiple technologies and methodologies. Recent technological and methodological advances provide the opportunity to examine these mechanisms in natural settings and in unprecedented detail. Utilizing mobile phone-based data collection, we collect automated location data (GPS & cell phone tower triangulation) and manually entered Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) data to assess the social and environmental determinants of health for 250 urban youth for two years. This unique data set is applied to developing system-level models of the co-evolution of substance use behaviors, peer affiliations, and the use and meaning of geographical space over time. We will present a highly contextually specific research approach that grounds social networks within the physical and social environment of adolescents' lives. We use EMA methodology to simultaneously assess situational contingencies (behaviors, emotions, evaluations, peers, and locations) on adolescent substance use in real time with teens for two years, beginning at ages 13 or 14. By combining sampled specific coordinate data of location with a series of standard surveys, this approach will integrate the personal, social, and environmental processes associated with initiation and escalation of substance use. We are modeling the evolution of risk and protective mechanisms affecting substance, constituting a necessary step for building scientifically driven preventive interventions. This symposium will include three presentations covering the following themes: a) Design of an Interactive Text Messaging Platform for Adolescent Intervention; b) A Bipartite Dynamic Networks Approach to Place-Based Risk among Urban Adolescents; and c) Using Ecological Momentary Assessment to Capture Adolescents' Experiences. These presentations will focus on theory and practice about place-based understanding of risk, approaches toward ecological understanding of person-environment interactions, examples of work from diverse areas, using diverse methods attempting to incorporate these understandings into a single study design. Presentations will be followed by a nationally recognized discussant to review and reflect on presentations strengths and challenges for prevention science. Specifically, the goals of this symposium are: 1. Provide exposure to current technological and methodological efforts in place-based prevention research 2. Identify problems and challenges in this area of research and articulate strategies to address these issues 3. Find commonalities and overlapping interests among SPR members Abstract id# 20757 Design of an Interactive Text Messaging Platform for Adolescent Interventionid# 20757 Design of an Interactive Text Messaging Platform for Adolescent Intervention


demonstrated degradation of all three ertapenem specific peaks on MALDI-TOF MS. 94.2% (33/35) of CPO demonstrated the absence of at least one peak. MHT identified 100% of CPOs but was also positive for 2/3 beta-lactamase producing nCPO. Microdilution of ertapenem, imipenem, and meropenem identified 94.3%, 97.1%, and 91.4% of CPOs, respectively. KPC-4 K.pneumoniae and IMP-18 Ps. aeruginosa were detected by MHT but not MALDI-TOF MS . Additional kinetic studies and sequence analysis are planned for these isolates. 1 of 3 KPC E. cloacae was not identified by MHT or microdilution and there was only degradation at the 520 peak on MALDI-TOF MS. Specificity of our assay was 100%.


A study was made of self-modulation processes in a laser resonator under conditions of steady-state passive mode locking. An allowance was made for the length of the amplifier and absorber in the case when the pulse duration was much less than the gain and absorption relaxation times. Experiments on an Ar+ laser showed that the best radiation characteristics were attained on reaching a limiting energy density eablim in the absorber, above which there was a change in the radiation structure. The value of eablim was set uniquely by a suitable selection of the unsaturated absorption coefficient, parameter S, and interval between the pulses; the relevant dependences were investigated experimentally. The Ar+ laser was used to investigate the laws of formation of various time structures of the radiation under conditions of passive mode locking.


The renovation of the damaged taper thread workpiece according to its original thread helical line can reduce production cost and enhance economic efficiency,which has great significance in petroleum drilling industry.The adoption of machine vision could work out thread pitch and achieve the emendation of rotating angle with the help of CCD camera and computer picture processing.Combined with controlling of positioning plate through NC program,the drill's screw thread is repaired efficiently and accurately in CNC.


Peyronie's disease is an inflammatory disorder of the tunica albuginea of the penis. Excision of the plaque and grafting is the another treatment of choice for the correction of penil deformity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of tunica vaginalis graft repair after Peyronie's plaque excision. From 1996 to 1999, 7 patients with at least 1 year history of Peyronie's disease with penil curvature greater than 45 degrees were evaluated. Their mean age as 51 ± 6.5 (range:37-58) years and the mean duration of disease was 32.3 ± 13.7 (range: 12-64) months. Ali of them had normal sexual potency. Autolog tunica vaginalis graft was used to close the corporotomy defect after plaque excision, via a subcoronal incisional approach. Eleven graft were used in 7 patients with average 1.8 cm2 surtace area. Surgical correction of the curvature was achieved in ali patients. At mean follow-up of 23 ± 7.9 (range: 8-36) months, ali patients were potent vvithout requiring medical therapy. No complaints ofpenile shortening and bulging at the graft site have been noted. One patient reported a 30-degree curvature in operated site after 9 months postoperatively. Overall patient satisfaction with the procedure was 100 %. The use of tunica vaginalis grafts for the coverage of corporotomy defects after Peyronie's plaque excision is a simple, safe method with no additional expense and allows for satisfactory clinical results. These preliminary results need to be confirmed in larger series.


Pituitary enlargement in association with primary hypothyroidism was first recognised by Niepce (1851), who found that in some cases of cretinism the pituitary gland bulged from its fossa. More recently, in-vivo evidence of pituitary-gland enlargement has been obtained using pneumoencephalography (Jawadi et al, 1978) and tomography of the sella turcica (Yamada et al, 1976; Bigos et al, 1978) but sellar enlargement has correlated poorly with the degree of biochemical hypothyroidism. Bigos et al (1978) found that only those individuals with marked hypothyroidism had significant enlargement, while subclinically and moderately hypothyroid subjects did not differ from controls.


Nan Wang Chaochao Zhong Mingti Fu Lin Li Fang Wang Pengwei Lv Mingzhi Zhu Youyi Xiong Hailong Mi Yuanting Gu 1Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China; 2Department of Emergency, The First People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China; 3Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China Introduction: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) were found to regulate many biological processes including cancer development, immunology and other diseases. LncRNA HULC was found to be oncogenes in many cancer progression. However, the role of HULC in the regulation of breast cancer remains unclear. Methods: The expression of HULC and miR-6754-5p was examined by RT-PCR. Through knockdown of HULC, we found that the proliferation abilities coupled with migration and invasion abilities were significantly decreased. And also, we verified that overexpression of miR-6754-5p significantly decreased the proliferation ability of breast cancer cells. Results: In this study, we found that lncRNA HULC was overexpressed in breast cancer tissues and cell lines compared to normal healthy breast tissues and normal breast cell line. Moreover, the high expression of HULC was associated with metastasis and malignancy of breast cancers. Mechanically, we found that HULC can bind to miR-6754-5p directly through complementary base pairing. Furthermore, we found that HULC regulates the expression of LYPD1 through sponging miR-6754-5p. Moreover, overexpression of LYPD1 can rescue the migration and invasion abilities of breast cancer cells decreased by knockdown of HULC or overexpression of miR-6754-5p. Conclusion: Our study showed the role of HULC in promoting breast cancer development and explained the detailed molecular mechanisms.


This study was designed to determine the influence of socio- psychological characteristics on reproductive outcomes among emergency cases admitted into the Labor Ward of the University College Hospital in Ibadan City, Nigeria. The study took place between May 1, 1984 and February 28, 1985 and included all emergency cases admitted (EA) into the hospital. 144 matched pairs of patients (emergency and booked cases) were admitted into the study making a total of 228 patients. Results of the study showed no observed differences in the educational or occupational status of the spouses of booked patients compared with EA. However, there were more uneducated women among the EA than the booked. IN both groups younger patients (15-34) had format education compared with the older patients (35+), strengthening the hypothesis that education is the most influential factor in patient's acceptance of modern maternity care. Polygamy and Islam were more prevalent among the EA than the booked. It is believed that the economic affects of polygamy exercise more direct adverse effects on reproduction than religion. The purdah system, practiced by Moslems confines women to their homes, interfering with their ability to get pre-natal care. Fewer number of EA lived with their spouses compared with booked patients. Lower social class is associated with larger numbers of adverse factors in reproductive outcomes such as increased rates of low birth weight babies, multiple pregnancies and fetal abnormalities. (Author's modified).


Geologists often state that "the best geologist is the one who sees the most rocks", however, there is little to no documentation that directly supports this claim.  Very little has been done on assessment of field based, experiential learning classes except in the fields of outward bound and outdoor leadership.  All GMU students in BA Geology and BS Earth Science must take GEOL404 Geological Field Techniques.  Students spend 6 weeks in the field mapping (individually and in teams) the local geology to interpret the geologic history of the area. It is an interesting course to assess as students can take either a GMU-offered course, ran jointly with UNC, Chapel Hill, or another  equivalent course offered by a USA University. This gives a unique perspective on the student's perceived preparation with respect to students from other Universities.  The SENCER-SALG tool is  used to examine student learning, engagement and long-term habit-forming outcomes. Students attending Field camp in 2013 complete a pre and post survey.  Students from past years complete a survey with  questions relating to pre and post Field Camp, and their views 2-3 years post field camp. This study offers a framework for assessing other field based courses in applied disciplines.


Haemophilus parainfluenzae (Hp) and H. influenzae (Hi) are closely related members of the Pasteurellaceae family and are common commensal bacteria of the human nasopharynx. Whilst Hi is frequently implicated in meningitis, otitis media and respiratory tract infections, reports of pathogenic behaviour by Hp are very rare. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a key component of the Gram negative cell wall, and its structure influences the ability of Haemophilus to interact with the host and evade immune clearance. A better understanding of the differences in LPS structure between Hi and Hp could help to ascertain which parts of the molecule are important for commensal and pathogenic behaviour. Hi LPS comprises lipid A, a conserved oligosaccharide inner core, and an oligosaccharide outer core that differs between strains. The latter is partly phase variable by the slipped strand mispairing during replication of DNA repeat tracts within several LPS biosynthesis genes. Very little was known about LPS in Hp so we investigated its biosynthesis and structure in a panel of 20 Hp carriage isolates. Using PCR, DNA sequencing and Southern analysis we demonstrated that Hp possesses homologues of the Hi lipid A and inner core LPS synthesis genes and a few of the genes for outer core synthesis; however, homologues of the Hi phase variable outer core genes were largely absent and did not contain repeat tracts. The results of immunoblotting and collaborative structural analysis were consistent with this data. Phosphocholine, a phase variable Hi LPS epitope that has been implicated in otitis media, was found to be absent in Hp LPS due to the lack of four genes required for its biosynthesis and incorporation. The introduction of these genes into Hp led to the phase variable addition of phosphocholine to the LPS, indicating that there is no fundamental reason why Hp could not use a similar mechanism of variation to Hi if it was advantageous to do so. SDS-PAGE data suggested the presence of O-antigens (repeated chains of sugars) in many of the Hp strains, an unusual feature for Haemophilus, and all of the strains were found to contain a potential O-antigen synthesis locus. Each locus encodes homologues of several glycosyltransferases in addition to either the Wzy polymerase- or ABC transporter-dependent mechanisms of O-antigen synthesis and transport. Comparisons of wild type and isogenic mutant strains showed that the O-antigen enhances resistance to complement-mediated killing and appears to affect adhesion to epithelial cells in vitro. Hp is a successful commensal organism but lacks the flexibility of adapting its LPS using repeat-mediated phase variation, potentially limiting its range of host niches.


Integral abutment bridges (IAB) are slab or slab on stringer bridges incorporating abutments monolithic with the superstructure and generally founded on a single row of HP-piles to minimize the resistance to superstructure thermal movement. The piles are embedded into the abutment concrete sufficiently to rigidly connect at the pile head. The monolithic nature of the integral abutment to bridge superstructure connection, forces the abutments to move with the superstructure as it undergoes thermal movements. This movement of the superstructure induces stresses within the piles that can force them to deform inelastically. The rigid pile to abutment connection, and the fixity at the pile base due to soil embedment, causes the piles to behave as fixed-fixed columns translated at the top through a distance, Δ. In order to ensure adequate strength as piles undergo inelastic or plastic deformations, the Massachusetts Highway Department (MHD), Bridge Section, through its Bridge Quality Partnership, a public/private effort to develop bridge design standards, has developed a methodology for sizing pile sections, based on work by Greimann, et al, at Iowa State University. This design methodology utilizes a ductility based approach, in conjunction with the AASHTO Load Factor Design (LFD) column strength equation to size pile sections for use as foundations in integral bridges. This design methodology was released as part of the December, 1999 revisions to the Bridge Design Guidelines of the Massachusetts Highway Department Bridge Manual.


Shallot of LembahPalu variety is one of prioritized commodities in Central Sulawesi and is a raw material for fried onion processing industry which has become a local brand for Palu city.  This variety is unique different from other varieties as shown by its dense texture bulb resulting in crunchy, tastefuland unchangeable aroma when kept sealed for a long period of time. The objective of this research was to determine the nutrient status under shallot plantation in Maku village, Dolo sub district of Sigi district.  Survey was conducted on the research location where soil samples were taken purposively.  Low soil C-organic of 0.97 – 0.70% was found due to their intensive cultivation.  Soil pH was relatively neutral ranging from 7.4 – 7.6 cmol(+) kg -1 .  The content of soil P-total and K-total was low varying between 17.18-15.06 mg 100g -1 and between 11.84-11.01 mg 100g -1 , respectively. The soil CEC was also low around 5.91-4.08 cmol(+)kg -1 . Keywords: LembahPalu shallot, and soil chemical status.


Presidential candidates made a public commitment of the prosecution reform, which became a national concern and a national agenda. But prosecutors do not feel it. Rather, the prosecutors claim the magnification of the prosecution authority. They claim that the prosecution is quasi-judicial agency based on the inquisitory system. The regressive nature of the claim raises a serious problem. The prosecution reform should be based on the principle of the check and separation of the prosecution rights, which includes the abolishment of the central investigation agency of the supreme prosector`s office, separation of the investigation and the prosecution and the control of the prosecution by the Minister of Justice. But the prosecutors just only argue the reestablishment of the past theory, that the prosecution is a quasi-judicial agency based on the inquisitory system. The problem is that the above theory has made the current situation of the prosecution as the mistrusted prosecution. Therefore the theory that the prosecution is quasi-judicial agency based on the inquisitory system should be thoroughly criticized, reexamined and abolished. In this paper, I argue that the theory that the prosecution is quasi-judicial agency based on the inquisitory system is not only wrong but also unuseful. The prosecution is not an unique institution seperating itself from the other national institutions. Fundamentally it is one of the national institutions which should be under the control of rule of law. The objective obligation that the prosecutors should investigate the advantageous points of the accused is not the prosecutors` unique duty but the general obligation of the civil servants. The theory that the prosecution is quasi-judicial agency based on the inquisitory system denies the rights - subjectivity of the accused. On the contrary, the adversary system stresses that the prosecutors and the accused are equal in the criminal prosecutors because the prosecutors are on behalf of the citizen and civil society. Further, the adversary system checks the exercise of the prosecutors power based on the rights of the accused, which is denied in the inquisitory system. The development of human rights and democracy is the foundation of the adversary system. The prosecution reform should be accomplished based on the adversary system not the inquisitory system.


Zinc borate is used as flame retardant for plastics and cellulose fibers, paper, rubber, and textiles. Despite its wide industrial use, there is limited information concerning its toxicity. The aim of the present study was to investigate the concentration dependence (0–280 mg L−1) of its genotoxic activity on cultured human lymphocytes by using sister chromatid exchange and chromosomal aberration assays. Total antioxidant capacity and the extent of oxidative stress were also determined. Zinc borate was found to be non-genotoxic at all tested concentrations. It exhibited antioxidant activity at concentrations lower than 40 mg L−1, and total oxidative stress levels were not changed at any applied concentration of zinc borate.


A novel bioelectrocatalytic system was prepared by immobilizing alcohol oxidase (AOx) onto multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) modified with 4-(pyrrole-1-yl) benzoic acid (PyBA). Functional carboxylic groups from PyBA create covalent amide linkages with amine groups from the enzyme molecule and provide an anchor for the effective immobilization of AOx improving the stability of the whole system. The immobilized enzyme displayed a pair of reversible redox peaks of flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) cofactor with the formal potential E0'=−0.451 V. The response showed a surface-controlled electrode process with the heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant ks=2.7 s−1. Under aerobic conditions AOx(FADH2) can be oxidized to AOx(FAD) by oxygen, which then reacts with ethanol decreasing the cathodic response, which could be used for ethanol detection with a high sensitivity 13.1 μA mM−1 cm−2. The lack of bioactivity towards ethanol in anaerobic conditions suggests the presence of two types of AOx molecules in the system: active with oxygen maintaining the direct electron transfer feature and not active without a redox mediator, due to the deeply embedded FAD cofactor. The polarization curve showed that the electrooxidation current of ethanol appears at −410 mV and reaches 2.0 µA cm−1 at −300 mV. In this case, the bioactivity of AOx to ethanol can be observed offering promising solution for the development of mediatorless systems for application to biosensors and biofuel cells.


Large jacket-type structures are employed in the construction of the forth runway, Tokyo International Airport (Haneda). The runway is located at the mouth of Tama River flowing into the Tokyo Bay and the jackets are employed in the one -third part of runway so that the flood from the river may not be disturbed by the runway. Meanwhile many timbers may be floated from the upstream in the flood and they may cause the collision on a pier composing the jacket structures. This paper describes at the first an experiment for the probability of collision by the drifting timber in a basin with the scale of 1/25. The horizontal motion of five model timbers is analyzed using the 3-D video camera tracker. Secondary an experiment for the collision force measurement is carried out in a channel with the scale of 1/10. The model test result shows that the high risk of collision by the drifting timber exists. A calculation formula of collision force is proposed.


Rock bolting technology has already been used universally and created prominent technological and economic profit.This paper introduces the new research achievement of rock bolting technology for coal roadway.In rock bolting theory,it is considered that the main function of rock bolting is to control dilatancy and destroy in bolted surrounding rockmass,such as delamination,sliding and fracture opening,to maintain the completeness of surrounding rockmass to maximum extension,and to avoid harmful deformation.The technical parameters and operation methods of the geomechanics instruments are introduced,including small borehole hydrofracturing stress measurement device,wall rock strength measurement device and fiber borehole observation rig.The contents and characteristics of dynamic and informational rock bolting design method,computer design software for engineers and technicians in coal mines are discussed.The mechanical properties of high strength rock bolting materials,such as rock bolts,resin capsule,W-shaped strap and cable bolts are analysed.Finally,the rock bolting effect is evaluated through monitoring data in a case study.It is proved that the rock bolting is the most suitable supporting type for coal roadways in coal mines with high efficiency and low cost.


The present study phytochemical screening and mosquitocidal activity of three different medicinal plants, Sesamum indicum, Pungamia pinnata, and Croton bonplandionum extracts. The methanol extract of leaf samples were used for the phytochemical analysis to find out the phytochemical constituents in the plants. The main objective of the research work was check the presence or absence of the phytochemical chemicals in all the selected medicinal plants. Phytochemical analysis of these plants confirm the presence of various phytochemicals like alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, tannins, terpenoids, tri-terpenoids, anthraquinones, amino acid, phenol, glycosides, carbohydrate, protein and phytosteroids. The highest larvicidal activity of S. indicum methanol extract with LC 50 /LC 95 values were 108.55/230.57 ppm, followed by P. pinnata were 143.59/305.52 ppm, and C. bonplandionum were 154.51/319.01 ppm, respectively. Further, maximum repellent activity of methanol extract showing 100% protection up to 160 min was tested against An. stephensi . However, much scope for further systematic research in screening Tamilnadu medicinal plants for these phytochemicals and assessing their potential in protecting against different types of mosquito diseases. Keywords: Sesamum indicum, Pungamia pinnata, and Croton bonplandionum, phytochemical, mosquitocidal


We study two problems in computational phylogenetics. The first is tree compatibility. The input is a collection of phylogenetic trees over different partially-overlapping sets of species. The goal is to find a single phylogenetic tree that displays all the evolutionary relationships implied by . The second problem is incomplete directed perfect phylogeny (IDPP). The input is a data matrix describing a collection of species by a set of characters, where some of the information is missing. The question is whether there exists a way to fill in the missing information so that the resulting matrix can be explained by a phylogenetic tree satisfying certain conditions. We explain the connection between tree compatibility and IDPP and show that a recent tree compatibility algorithm is effectively a generalization of an earlier IDPP algorithm. Both algorithms rely heavily on maintaining the connected components of a graph under a sequence of edge and vertex deletions, for which they use the dynamic connectivity data structure of Holm et al., known as HDT. We present a computational study of algorithms for tree compatibility and IDPP. We show experimentally that substituting HDT by a much simpler data structure—essentially, a single-level version of HDT—improves the performance of both of these algorithm in practice. We give partial empirical and theoretical justifications for this observation.


A method of improving tire tread noise is provided. The method allows the identification of locations where the tread pattern should be particularly modified in order to optimize the level of noise created by the tread during tire operation. Variations in a defined parameter, contact length ratio, are used to determine one or more locations in the tread pattern where modification for noise reduction can be made. The type of modifications needed can also be indicated.


—Effective public health responses to unexpected epidemiological hazards or disasters need rapid and reliable monitoring. But, monitoring fast-changing situations and ac- quiring timely, accurate, and cross-national statistics to address short-term mortality fluctuations due to these hazards is very challenging. Estimating weekly excess deaths is the most solid and accurate way to measure the mortality burden caused by short-term risk factors. The Short-term Mortality Fluctuations (STMF) data series is one of the significant collections of the Human Mortality Database (HMD) that provides the weekly death counts and rates by age and sex of a country. Sometimes, the data collected from the sources are not always represented in specific age groups rather represented by the the total number of individual death records per week. However, the researchers reclassified their dataset based on the ranges of age and sex distributions of every country so that one can easily find out how many people died in per week of each country based on an equation and earlier distribution data. The paper focuses on the implementation of multi-output regression models such as logistic regression, decision tree, random forest, k nearest neighbors, lasso, support vector regressor, artificial neural network, and recurrent neural network to correctly predict death counts for specific age groups. According to the results, random forest delivered the highest performance with an R squared coefficient value of 0.9975, root mean square error of 43.2263, and mean absolute error of 16.4069.


In this work an approximate model for the response of 1D tailored flexible composite material tethers with progressive failure is developed and evaluated. The tailoring concept relies upon a progressive failure of redundant load paths of tailored length and strength, and has been proposed, modeled and experimentally verified in previous research. However, for long tethers that model of response is computationally expensive and the need for a more efficient computational model is addressed in the present work. This approximate model is shown to be very accurate by comparison with the exact solution, and the computational effort is dramatically decreased.


statistical and other diverse properties of speckle fields have been investigated in sufficient detail'' and their investigation is still continuing. The term "speckle structure" was coined for spatially inhomogeneous coherent light fields of a special type. The most typical situation that leads to the appearance of speckle fields is realized when a laser wave is reflected from a coarse object whose roughnesses exceed the wavelength in height. The field at a certain observation point is the amplitude sum of a large number of contributions from different points of the surface, with the phases of these contributions having a practically random distribution. By virtue of the central limit theorem of probability theory, such a field has universal (Gaussian) statistics. It is precisely this universal character of the fluctuations of the spotty structure of the field which makes it possible to separate, from the class of all spatially inhomogeneous fields, fields having the indicated statistics, for which the term "speckle field" is now used. We emphasize the importance of the coherence assumption: without it, the contribution of the individual roughnesses would add up without interference, i.e., in intensity. As a result, the overall distribution of the intensity for ordinary (non-laser) illumination is smooth and not spotty. On the other hand, many studies have been devoted to wave-front dislocations of various non-optical wave fields (see the reviews1'-13). In Ref. 14 it was indicated for the first time that wavefront dislocations are possessed by optical fields having a speckle structure. The cited reference contains a detailed theoretical analysis of the properties of the dislocations and their density per unit area was calculated. In Ref. 15 were registered wavefront dislocations of a speckle-inhomogeneous laser wave and the dislocation density was measured for a field with an axisymmetric envelope of the angular spectrum. In the present paper we report the results of experimental investigations of the dislocation density on a wave field as a function of various speckle-field parameters.


The main thrust of the work to be presented in this paper will be the development of statistical thermodynamic methods for application to polymer electrolyte membranes commonly used in a variety of fuel cells [1]. In these devices the anode and cathode are separated by a polymer membrane, which conducts the ionic current (as protons) while the usable electronic current passes through the external circuit. The efficiency of the cell operation, clearly, must be a function of the ionic conductivity of the membrane and thus of the morphology of the latter. A considerable body of structural information about these membranes is now available and it is known that the transport of protons occurs through a network of hydrated channels or pores supported by a hydrophobic matrix or medium that provides the requisite mechanical strength and chemical and thermal stability of the material. The system of pores may be modeled as a network of channels each of which due to their size are referred to as nanopores. The structures of these hydrated nanopores are quite complex and vary from one polymeric material to another, however, for the present study the most relevant feature is the presence of negatively charged anionic groups attached to the pore walls. These groups are either distributed along the interior of the pore walls or may be present at the termini of short chains protruding into the pore interior. Since in the majority of cases the ionic species being conducted are hydronium ions it is evident that these negatively charged groups, which are most


With the holiday season again upon us, the following article is of special topical interest. The detailed account which the author gives of measures taken against this particularly mean type of offence will be valuable to officers concerned with protecting the public against it.


SUMMARY Complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS) (testicular feminization) is the most common cause of male pseudohermaphroditism. The underlying main pathology is an end organ resistance to androgen stimulation, and as a result, this impairs the differentiation of the body structures and systems which this hormone affects. Inheritance of this disorder is by means of an X-linked recessive gene that is responsible for the intracellular androgen receptors. CAIS may be observed in several members of a family. For this reason, the family members of the affected individual should be screened. In this article we present a case of three sisters diagnosed with CAIS after investigating the pedigree of one of them owing to an inguinal mass and diagnosing with CAIS.


The House Commerce Subcommittee on Health and the Environment has approved unanimously a bill to extend the Ryan White Comprehensive AIDS Resources Emergency (CARE) Act through the year 2000. It is conceivable that the measure might clear the House floor before the Senate finishes its work. Sen. Jesse Helms, R-N.C., is refusing to let the bill go to the Senate floor for vote although the bill now has 59 of the required 60 votes to bring the bill to the floor. The House bill is similar to the Senate bill with a few notable differences: 1) the House version guarantees 95 percent of the fiscal 1995 allocations, the Senate version guarantees 92.5 percent; 2) the House version has a stricter cap on how much of the grant a service provider can spend on administrative costs, limiting those costs to 10 percent of the grant, while the Senate would allow 12.5 percent; 3) the House version would set aside funding specifically for women and children with AIDS. Both versions would create a single appropriation for funding purposes, rather than specific amounts for each title. In both cases, the appropriation would be determined during the budget-making process, rather than in advance as was the case in the current authorization bill.


The present study was conducted on "Comparison of conventional and laparoscopic ovariohysterectomy under acepromazine-butorphanolglycopyrrolate with propofol anaesthesia in canine" in the Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Parbhani and Bombay Veterinary College, Mumbai in which 12 clinical cases for ovariohysterectomy were included. The bitches were randomly divided into two groups viz. group A and group B, each group consisting of 6 cases. The animals in group A were operated by conventional ovariohysterectomy whereas the animals in group B were operated by laparoscopic ovariohysterectomy. All the clinical observations, physiological parameters, anaesthetic parameters, surgical parameters and haematobiochemical parameters were evaluated at various stages in both the groups. Although rectal temperature showed no significant difference between the groups but the heart rate and respiratory rate showed a significant decrease in laparoscopic group. A significant decline in rectal temperature during operative, a significant increase after administration of anaesthesia (during operative) in heart rate which declined gradually and a significant decrease in respiratory rate after induction (during operative) was found. These changes in the rectal temperature, heart rate and respiratory rate within the groups could be attributed to the anesthestics used while a lower heart rate in laparoscopic group might be due to pressure on the diaphragm because of CO2 insufflation in the abdomen. The alteration in the induction time of anaesthesia and time of recovery was found to be statistically non-significant between the groups and the quality of anaesthesia was good to excellent in both the groups. Recovery was found smooth and fast in most of the cases although prolonged recovery was found in some cases which could be due to prolonged surgical time. Thus, the preanaesthetic combination used i.e. acepromazine-butorphanol-glycopyrrolate is found to be compatible with propofol and is safe and suitable for conventional as well as laparoscopic procedures. The alteration observed in the mean Hb, TEC, TLC and PCV was found to be statistically non-significant between the groups. However, a significant mild decrease was found during operative and anaesthesia in both the groups while DLC showed a non-significant difference between the groups. A significant increase in the mean neutrophil count, a significant decrease in mean lymphocyte count and a significant decrease in the mean monocyte count during surgery and anesthesia in both the groups followed by a decrease in the count reaching pre-operative values 48 hours postoperatively was observed. The biochemical findings were increased or decreased between the groups at various stages within groups. The SGOT showed a nonsignificant rise in group A and a nonsignificant increase during surgery was observed in both the groups which gradually decreased 48 hrs postoperatively. The SGPT was significantly higher in group B but a non-significant increase during surgery and anaesthesia was observed in both the groups which could be attributed to pneumoperitoneum and pressure on liver during the surgery. Alkaline phosphatase showed a non-significant increase in the group A than group B which could be due to excess tissue injury and a significant increase during operative and anaesthesia followed by a further increase 48 hours postoperatively in both the groups whoch could be due to injury to the tissue. The BUN showed a non-significant increase in group B, however, it increased significantly during surgery and anaesthesia in both the groups while creatinine showed no significant difference between the groups and a significant increase during surgery and anaesthesia in both the groups. The alterations in the serum glucose showed non-significant difference between the groups but a significant increase during operative and anaesthesia in both the groups. The alteration in serum cortisol was found to be significant between as well as within the groups. A significant increase in group A than group B was found and which returned to near the pre-operative level 48 hrs postoperatively. This was suggestive that, laparoscopy causes less surgical stress to the animal when compared with conventional method. The duration of surgical time was found to be non-significantly lesser in group B and the length of incision was significantly smaller in group B with no postoperative complications. Thus, the present clinical study concluded that laparoscopic method of ovariohysterectomy was superior, minimally invasive and provided a quick recovery without any post-operative complications compared to conventional method.


Neural network analysis was applied for early diagnosis/exclusion of acute myocardial infarction and prediction of infarct size. Eighty-eight patients admitted with onset of chest pain within 8 hours were included. Frequent blood samples for measurement of myoglobin, CK-MB and troponin-T were obtained and used in the development of a set of neural network components of a decision support system. The results indicate that this approach could provide useful support for assessment of patients with suspected AMI.


Human gesture recognition based on image sequences is now the research focus. In this study, four classifiers with K-NN, Bayes, LDA and SVM were used, two human gestures (walk and bend) were recognized. This study extracted the human body contour of image sequences, the distances between the contour and center of human body were used as input features. The results with a 5-fold cross-validation indicate that the classification accuracies of SVM and LDA are better than those of KNN and Bayes. This study also calculated the AUC values (the area under the ROC curve), the same results were obtained.


Abstract : A program to evaluate the performance and stability characteristics of minimum cost, low chamber pressure (300 psia) thrust chambers and injectors was conducted jointly by AFRPL and Rocketdyne. Rocketdyne designed and had fabricated all test hardware and AFRPL conducted the major portion of the test program. Rocketdyne designed an injector concept consisting of groups of modules (7 at the 250,000-pound-thrust level) that would be scaled to larger thrust levels by increasing the number of modules. The program was divided into three phases: Phase I evaluated the performance and stability of a single module, Phase II evaluated the operating characteristics of short-duration heat sink hardware at full thrust, and Phase III evaluated long-duration (up to 140 seconds), ablative-lined hardware. The performance requirement of 90 percent was bettered in both long- and short-duration tests and stability and integrity were demonstrated over the operating range. This report covers the work performed during the course of the program. Presented are design analysis, fabrication history, test results, data correlation, scaling considerations, and program conclusions.


In this paper the concept for a mobile vehicle system which performs an in situ science mission to Mars is described. This rover mission with its requirements for driving, positioning at science selected targets, and remote and in situ measurement will utilize the technologies for hazard avoidance and autonomous navigation supported by ground operation tools which use rover-based imagery for position estimation and motion planning.


Executive Summary In the 1930s, Adrian Kaiser, Sr. began working with his father in an ice cream production business in Natchez, Mississippi. As an integral element of this business, Adrian learned to maintain and repair refrigeration equipment. The ice cream business became difficult with the advent of World War II and war-time rationing of sugar, so the Kaisers sold the factory. Learning of a need for good refrigeration mechanics in Baton Rouge, LA, about one hundred miles south of Natchez across the state line, Adrian Kaiser moved to Baton Rouge along with his family. Adrian, Sr. went into business for himself as a refrigeration mechanic. He started selling refrigeration boxes for ice cream to grocery stores and restaurants. After the refrigeration boxes were sold, Adrian, Sr. maintained and serviced them. At first, most of his employment came as a service mechanic, but Adrian, Sr. soon found himself spending a great deal of time going to New Orleans to purchase parts. There were no supply houses in Baton Rouge at that time. When he made the trips, Adrian, Sr. would purchase additional supplies and keep them on his truck. After World War II, appliances and other electrical equipment were difficult to obtain. When other refrigeration mechanics in Baton Rouge needed supplies, they would come to Adrian, Sr. Soon he became known not only for the supplies, but for his sound advice. In 1945, Adrian, Sr. opened the first supply business for refrigeration parts in Baton Rouge: Acme Refrigeration. During the 1950s, air conditioning become commercially available. This technological advance provided a great opportunity for the Kaisers whose knowledge of refrigeration positioned them strategically for air conditioning products and service. The second generation, consisting of sons Adrian, Jr. and John Kaiser, joined their father at Acme, making the business a multi-generational operation almost from the start. Not only did the Kaisers possess a valuable technical skill as refrigeration mechanics, but they were located where people could benefit significantly from air conditioning products. The hot weather in southern Louisiana extends well into October and November, providing ample incentive for businesses and residential customers to invest in air conditioning products. Gradually, consumers learned to love air conditioning and then to demand it as a matter of course. Today, air conditioning products are Acme's primary focus. According to John Kaiser, "We gradually migrated from refrigeration supplies to more air conditioners, which make up about 90 percent of the business." Adrian, Sr. incorporated the company, holding 51% of the stock and giving 24% to each of his two sons who were working in the business. John and Adrian, Jr. divided the workload among themselves, with Adrian, Jr. working in the office and John, working in outside sales. Over the years, the two brothers steadily built the business from around $100,000 in revenue in 1958 to about $23 million in 1996 when John retired. The number of employees grew from five in 1958 to about 100 today. The business suffered a blow in 1969 when Adrian, Sr. passed away. Both Adrian, Jr. and John married and had children, all of whom worked during the summers at entry-level jobs in the warehouse and store. Of John's children, only one, Jay, remained actively involved in the firm. In contrast, all of Adrian, Jr.'s children - Susan, Manny, Chuck, and Lisa - have come into the family business. John Kaiser retired in 1996, leaving a portion of his stock to Jay, and selling the rest back to the company. Therefore, the five members of the third generation (Jay Kaiser, Manny Kaiser, Chuck Kaiser, Susan Kaiser Treigle, and Lisa Kaiser Kenaley) now own a majority of the stock. Adrian Kaiser, Jr. still owns some stock and remains chairman of the board, but the third generation, led by Manny Kaiser, Adrian Jr.'s oldest son, handles day-to-day management. …


Abstract : A number of B-sigma-metallocarboranes have been prepared by oxidative addition of carboranyl boron-hydrogen bonds to an iridium complex. The complexes are models for intermediates in the transition metal catalyzed exchange of deuterium gas for hydrogen at terminal B-H bonds, and do themselves actively catalyze such exchange. Spectra are reported for 3-((PPh3)2Ir HCl)-1,2-C2B10H11.


This paper proposes a new active damping method for LCL filter resonance. The proposed method employs a dual feedback loop of the capacitor voltage and the grid current. Based on the proposed method, non-minimum phase behavior can be avoided over a wide range of resonant frequencies. Co-design procedures for both the active damping loops along with the fundamental current regulator are introduced. The proposed method is derived in continuous time domain as well as discussed in discrete form for digital implementation. The performance of the proposed method is verified numerically at different values of resonant frequency. Moreover, simulation work is presented to confirm the numerical results.


Introduction: An error could be danger for the safety of patients. Ners students because of its lack clinical experiences are at risk to make an error in medication or procedure to the patient. The purposes of this study are to identify types and causes error events conducted by ners students.Method: This is a qualitative study. The participants are 29 students for answering the open questionnaire and 5 students for in-depth interview. The instruments are open questionnaire and interview guideline. Data analysis is used content analysis.Result: This study revealed that the error is classified into 2 types: error related to medication and nursing procedures. The natures of error are from mild to severe error. The factors of error are classified into 3 categories: student  factor, environment and preceptor factor. The student factors: lack of confidence, nervous, first time experience, and lack of practice. Environment factor: lack of facilities, emergency condition, lack of supervision, and lack of patient safety habit in the hospital. Preceptor factors: lack of guidance, unclear instruction.Discussion:The students feeling when doing an error is classified into 2: negative and positive feeling. Negative feelings are fear, feeling guilty. Positive feeling: motivated to learn. The student actions after doing an error are keep silent, inform to other students, or inform the preceptor or hospital nurses. The suggestion from this research is improving the skills lab education during academic phase and developing procedure for manage and prevent the error.


A method and system for scanning color infor mation such as a cartographic map and detecting a possible number of 3 colors. The color information is reduced to digital information which may be recorded in a storage device. NCREMENTA SHAFT ENCODER


Now the CAN(controller Area Network) is using electronic modules as a serial communication which is very robust to noise. Especially the CAN is using for automotive part that very popular in which automotive electronic control module, engine controller unit, sensor modules, etc. but the CAN has the order of priority to linking node and also has fault confinement so using in these features that is applied to in factory automation product line. The CAN communication is basically very robust to electric noise so varied applying to others part. In this paper, we suggest to CAN interface for embedded system that is possible for error detection using two CAN nodes on Hi-speed, full-CAN.


A 17-year-old dual personality was treated with techniques derived from hypnotherapy and adapted for use without hupnosis induction. The mechanism of hypnotically induced dissociation is thought to be identical with that of dissociation in multiple personality. Like the hypnotic subject, the second personality usually has access to material not available to ordinary consciousness. Therapists are cautioned against showing too much interest in the dissociated personality as this subtly reinforces the dramatic aspects of this condition. Hypnosis, while commonly used in such cases for contact with the dissociated personality, is thought to be counterindicated for the same reason, and also because it may be interpreted by the patient as a sanction of the dissociative process. The result tends to be a further splitting off of personality fragments. However, a working knowledge of the dynamics of hypnosis and of hypnotherapeutic techniques can make a unique contribution to the therapy of dual or multiple personalities


THE possibility of using a practically sterile food for infants in relation to infantile summer diarrhoea, or "epidemic enteritis," has been considered from many points of view, all or most of the methods used starting with cow's milk as their basis. Now as the case incidence of this disease in large town and crowded areas, as compared with rural districts, seems to be double, or practically so (11.5 against 5.0), it appeared probable that an experimental feeding of a number of infants living in their own homes, and in crowded and poverty-stricken districts, such as Bermondsey and Southwark, would be instructive both from a medical and bacteriological point of view, especially if the experi. ment were conducted during the summer months, in which the case incidence of this disease is highest. It was with the object of collecting data with reference to this subject that some feeding trials were conducted with infants collected from various sources-the outpatient departments of Guy's Hospital, Royal Waterloo Hospital for Children, and the Surrey Dispensary. Special food was provided gratis for the use of selected infants in their own homes. The infants were brought up to the dispensary weekly, where they were weighed and medically inspected, while charts of their weight were carefuUy kept, together with notes as to the occurrence of rickets, scurvy, and especially diarrhoea. The method employed was by using dried milk, of which there are several varieties on the market, prepared principally by German, French, and English firms, the lastnamed drawing their supplies from a particularly pure and carefully supervised source in New Zealand. Briefly, the method of preparing dried milk is as follows:


The Black Hundreds unions positioned themselves as committed champions and defenders of Russian Orthodoxy. The Black Hundreds' ideology was based on the three-part formula of "Orthodoxy, Autocracy, Nationhood," formulated by S.S. Uvarov and M.P. Pogodin during the reign of Nicholas I. The ideologues of the extreme right emphasized that the Russian people were tied by indestructible bonds to Orthodoxy—"the sole true, apostolic, and paternalistic church." The monarchists conducted their processions under gonfalons, every branch had icons, and meetings and rallies began with prayers. Congresses of "Russians" were accompanied by ceremonial prayer services. The extreme rightists' close ties to the Russian Orthodox Church were so obvious that Soviet historiography equated the Orthodox clergy with the Black Hundreds. Up to the end of the 1920s, a good number of articles and pamphlets were published about the ties between the Black Hundreds and the Church that had a sharply anticlerical tone. These works treated the Orthodox Church as a reactionary force that was the main pillar of the Black Hundreds movement. Paradoxically, the concept of total identification of the extreme right with the Orthodox clergy still exists today, but it has merely replaced a negative assessment with a solely positive one. Works published by the Institute of Russian Civilization present the "holy Black Hundreds," consisting of zealots and martyrs who gave their lives for the Orthodox faith during the revolution and the Civil War. It would be wrong to suggest, however, that the entire Orthodox clergy during the prerevolutionary period supported the extreme right. By the same token, one cannot say that the extreme right relied solely on Orthodox clergymen. The Black Hundreds did not shun cooperation with other religions. The Union of the Russian People in its "Founding Principles," a kind of symbol of faith, stated that "non-Orthodox and


Purpose: Inflation is a concern in both developed and developing countries as it leads to a fall in profit margins and makes it difficult in drawing households' budgets. The Medium Term Plan report (2008-2012) indicates that Mbita Division of Homa-Bay County has had the effects of inflation in recent times as many fish industries are closing down, an indicator of a fall in private domestic capital and also an increase in the unemployment rate. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of inflation on the household expenditures in Mbita Division, Kenya.  Methodology: The study adopted exploratory and correlation research designs. Exploratory research design gave an insight into the households' expenditure behavior while correlation research design facilitated the establishment of relationships among the research variables. A sample size of 374 heads of households was selected from a total of 13,789 households in the Division. The individual respondents were drawn by the use of a simple random sampling technique. Primary data was gathered with the help of questionnaires, key informant interviews, focused group discussions, and observation, and Secondary data were collected from Government statistical abstracts, household records, and relevant textbooks. Regression as a tool of analysis was utilized to reveal the existing relationship among the variables and coefficient of determination to show the strength of the established model. The reliability of the data collection instrument was tested using the internal consistency technique in which the scores obtained from the subjects were correlated and the Cronbach's Coefficient Alpha was be computed to determine the correlation among the items. Findings: It was discovered that 135(38%) spent more than Ksh 4000 per month six months ago compared to 159(44.8%) of the total respondents who spent more than the same amount currently in Mbita division.  Recommendation: It was recommended that the households in Mbita division should spend only on the basic stuff and be advised on the micro-savings programs to assist in times of high inflation rates.


Since the advent of the controlled‐source audio‐magnetotelluric method it has been recognized that the location and orientation of the bipole source is important in determining the response of the earth at the receiver. In this study, two‐dimensional (2-D) far‐field modeling has been used to illustrate the frequency-domain electromagnetic response of a simple conductive dike for two orthogonal polarizations of the source field. The current gathered from the surrounding media by the dike, when the electric field is parallel to the strike direction (E‐polarization), produces a strong anomaly not seen in the perpendicular H‐polarization. This model response has been identified in real data sets over the Rosebery and Flying Doctor orebodies of eastern Australia. In the case of Rosebery the E‐polarization data yielded little structural information because the penetration of the signal was reduced by strong current channeling in the orebody and adjacent black shales. At the Flying Doctor prospect the model pred...


ABSTRACT This paper focuses on the study of the optimal control problem of the unstable stochastic lattice gas of prey–predator model with pair-approximation. The Pontryagin minimum procedure is used to derive the optimal behaviour of the proposed system that makes it trajectory closer to its general equilibrium states with respect to a selected performance measure during a specified period of time T. Wide numerical simulations and illustrations are presented in graphs and tables.


Objective:Despite biological plausibility, relationships between menopause and cognitive function are inconsistent. We investigated whether menopause status and menopause age were associated with general cognitive ability, verbal memory, and visual search speed and concentration in a large cohort of women while considering vasomotor and psychological symptoms, previous childhood and adult measures of cognitive function, lifetime socioeconomic circumstances, educational attainment, lifestyle factors, and chronic diseases. Design:A nationally representative British cohort of 1261 women born in March 1946 and all aged 53 years at cognitive testing, with prospective information on previous cognitive function, menopausal characteristics, and potential confounders. Results:There was only weak evidence of the effect of natural menopause on cognitive function and no evidence of any effects of hormone therapy use or hysterectomy status. There was a trend across the phases of the natural menopausal transition (pre-, peri-, and postmenopause) for the National Adult Reading Test (P = 0.005) and search speed and concentration (P = 0.042), with postmenopausal women having the lowest cognitive function, but there was no trend in verbal memory. Variation in vasomotor and psychological symptoms did not explain these trends. In postmenopausal women, there was a positive trend across menopause age for verbal memory (P = 0.004) and a weak positive trend for the National Adult Reading Test (P = 0.052), with women who reached menopause later having higher cognitive function. Previous cognitive function generally explained the associations, which were further weakened by adjusting for socioeconomic and educational confounders. One exception was the association between the natural menopause transition and search speed and concentration, which remained after adjustment for these factors. Conclusion:Menopause adversely affects cognitive function, but this effect may be largely explained by premenopausal cognitive function. These findings suggest that common environmental or genetic factors, operating through long-term or lifelong hormonal mechanisms, may influence the timing of natural menopause and lifetime cognitive function.


Stability of the styrene miniemulsion costabilized by carboxylated polyurethane resins was investigated. The shelf life and the droplet size were measured. The results show that styrene miniemulsion costabilized by carboxylated polyurethane can be prepared although it is not as efficient as is hexadecane. The shelf life of the miniemulsion is influenced by the amount of the polyurethane and sodium dodecyl sulfate. The alkaline condition and the smaller molecular weight of the polyurethane are in favor of the stability of the miniemulsion. The polymerization results show that the hydrophility of the particle or droplet surface plays an important role in the process of the nucleation and polymerization. Homogeneous nucleation and droplet nucleation coexist in these systems. Nucleation lasts to 40–60% conversion of the monomer in the acid medium, but it continues until the end of the polymerization in the alkaline medium. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 87: 1933–1940, 2003


Whensynchronous motors aresubjected tovoltage sagsat their terminals, theaccurate calculation ofthemotortransient performance depends onthesaturation conditions oftheir mainflux paths. Inthis paper, acomputer model forsaturated synchronous motors hasbeendeveloped using thesynchronous machine voltage andJflux linkage differential equations considering thesaturation. Theeffect ofthemainflux saturation both inthedirect andquadrature axesandofthecross-magnetizing phenomenon (the magnetic coupling between thedirect and quadrature axes) onthedetermination ofthetransient performance ofsynchronous motors duetothevoltage sagatthe terminals isthemainobjective ofthis paper.


Two models for the third-order response function of a two-electronic level chromophore are investigated. The first assumes an excited state vibrational Hamiltonian whose phonon modes exhibit both linear and diagonal quadratic electron–phonon coupling. Impulsive stimulated photon echoes are calculated for this model. The second assumes linear electron–phonon coupling including vibrational relaxation and pure electronic dephasing. Impulsive two-pulse photon echo signals and their dependence on temperature and electron–phonon coupling strength are calculated for this model. The initial fast nonexponential (free-induction) decay due to all multiphonon transitions, quantum beats and the slow decay component due to the zero-phonon line (pure electronic dephasing) are identified and correlated with features of the single-site absorption spectrum whose relationship to the hole burned spectrum is well understood. Pure electronic dephasing associated with the zero-phonon line contributes to the decay of the quantum...


The spatial/temporal scaling problem (i.e., fitting a given research question to the dimensions of variability of the study area) is particularly pronounced in highly variable systems such as estuaries. Long-term, multidisciplinary studies in the Apalachicola Bay system were used to evaluate variation of different physical, chemical, and biological factors. Specific limitations of weekly, monthly, and quarterly sampling intervals were directly related to the efficiency of the sampling gear, the range of variation in the study parameters, and specific biological features (motility, recruitment, natural history) of infaunal macroinvertebrates and epibenthic organisms. There are families of spatial and temporal scaling phenomena that should be considered when establishing a given field sampling program. The dimensions of variation change along spatial/temporal gradients of salinity, habitat complexity, and productivity and among different levels of biological organization. The limits of variation define the needed sampling effort for a given level of estimation. Without an adequate evaluation of such variation, representative samples cannot be taken; the resulting inadequate sampling effort often precludes reliable comparisons and robust generalization. There is a continuum of scaling dimensions (and sampling problems) that ranges from small-scale experimental approaches to system-wide analyses. Misapplication of such scaling estimates has led to overgeneralization of experimental results. Currently, there is widespread misapplication of combinations of unrelated, limited sampling efforts to broad-scale resource problems. The loss of valuable estuarine resources is favored by the lack of adequate scientific databases that are consistent with the dimensions of the individual study areas. Unless experimental studies and field sampling programs are scaled to the dimensions of the research problem and the study area in question there will be a continued proliferation of trivial studies at one end of the continuum and the progressive deterioration of estuarine resources at the other.


Because of the wind power generation has good economic and social benefits, which has been aroused more and more people's attention. The variable pitch control has an important part in the wind turbine. The indexes of the variable pitch has great influence on the dynamic performance with the unit, which can become an important index to measure the performance of the wind turbine. Due to the non-linearity and randomness of the variable pitch control system, the selection of the control strategy becomes very important. By establishing the function of the PID controller and the input deviation, which the PID controller has the nonlinear gain variable of the three parameters. Adopting the nonlinear PID control strategy according to the change of the different wind speed. The simulation results show that the dynamic performance of the nonlinear PID control is better than the traditional PID control, and it also can improve the speed and accuracy of variable pitch control system.


The gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines have become the global trend due to their inherent potential for reduction of exhaust emissions and fuel consumption to meet increasingly stringent environmental standards. The high pressure fuel pump is the key component in GDI fuel supply system. Because high pressure pump is driven by rotation of the cam shaft, the friction torque that occurs between the pump and the cam lobe affects the performances of the high pressure pump. In this study, the torque characteristics of GDI high pressure pump were investigated for various operating condition. The experiment device was installed in order to measure the torque of its pump. The average torque, peak torque and cyclic torque of the pump were analyzed in respect to fuel pressure and rotating speed.


Energy-storage properties of 0.89Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3–0.06BaTiO3–0.05K0.5Na0.5NbO3 (0.89BNT–0.06BT–0.05KNN) lead-free ceramics were first investigated. Measurements of dielectric properties together with switching current curves indicate a rather diffuse ferroelectric (FE) to anti-ferroelectric (AFE) phase transition when heating from 20°C to 90°C. The energy density (W), which was calculated from P–E hysteresis loops, increases linearly with the external electric field when E exceeds AFE-FE transition field. W is independent of temperature and frequency, and maintains around 0.59 J/cm3 under 5.6 kV/mm in the stable AFE phase region. These properties indicate that 0.89BNT–0.06BT–0.05KNN ceramics might be a promising lead-free AFE material for energy-storage capacitor application.


We propose a novel wearable imaging system that can capture omnidirectional movies from the viewpoint of the camera wearer. The imaging system solves the problems of resolution uniformity and gaze matching that conventional approaches do not address. We combine cameras with curved mirrors that control the projection of the imaging system to produce uniform resolution. Use of the mirrors also enables the viewpoint to be moved closer to the eyes of the camera wearer, thus reducing gaze mismatching. The optics, including the curved mirror, have been designed to form an objective projection. The capability of the designed optics is evaluated with respect to resolution, aberration, and gaze matching. We have developed a prototype based on the designed optics for practical use. Capability of the prototype and effectiveness of first-person perspective omnidirectional movies were demonstrated through quantitative evaluations and presentation experiments to ordinary people, respectively.


The present invention is an urine outflow and urine flow rate of catheterized patients continuously monitored, renal perfusion, renal function, renal conditions, polyuria, oliguria, perfusion decreases, hemorrhagic shock and provides a diagnostic method includes sending a urine outflow and urine flow rate in at least one urine outflow and means for associating the urine flow rate of GFR.


This article fixes the limits of the country field,main body,aim and core of new rural building,which not only favors deepening the theory,but also favors material work deployed.


Rice is one of the main food crops in China, and rice diseases have become an important factor influencing the increase in food production losses in China. Traditional manual identification of rice diseases is time-consuming and labor-intensive. Machine learning algorithms have improved this problem and have been applied to the field of smart agriculture. The convolutional neural network (CNN) in deep learning has a significant effect on rice disease recognition relying on the characteristics of automatically extracting features. Aiming at five major rice diseases such as sheath blight, rice blast, bacterial leaf blight, rice smut and brown spot, this paper proposed a rice disease identification system using lightweight MobileNetV2. The identification results are uploaded and saved to the cloud database. Based on the lightweight model MobileNetV2, the system uses the channel pruning method to further compress the model. Compared with the original model, the memory usage has been reduced by 74%, the number of floating-point operations per second (FLOPS) has been reduced by 49%, the number of parameters has been reduced by 50%, and the accuracy of rice disease identification has increased by 0.16% to 90.84%.


Objective: To establish a quantitative determination method of HPLC for two polymethoxylated flavonoids in Bauhinia championii.Method: The determination was performed on a DIKMA Platisil ODS column(4.6 mm × 250 mm,5 μm) with acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid as the mobile phase by gradint elution(0 min,25% A;15 min,45% A;40 min,50% A).The flow rate was 0.8 mL·min-1and the detection wavelength was set at 324 nm.Result: The calibration curves were linear in the range of 0.008 4-0.336 0 μg(for 5,7,3',4',5'-pentamethoxy flavone,r = 0.999 9),0.013 4-0.536 0 μg(for 3',4'methylenedioxy-5',5,6,7-tetramethoxyflavone,r = 0.999 7).The average recoveries were 99.41%(RSD 0.57%) and 98.65%(RSD 1.01%) respectively.Conclusion: This method is simple and accuracy with good separation and reproducibility.It can be used as the quality control of the polymethoxylated flavonoids in Bauhinia championii.


We investigate the stellar feedback of Pop III hypernovae by using cosmology simulations with GADGET. Recent studies of the Pop III star formation suggested that these stars might be very massive and many of them might have died as hypernovae, which are about ten times more energetic than conventional core-collapse supernovae. Such exotic supernovae might posit a strong impact on the early universe by injecting a large amount of energy and heavy elements. For investigating the cosmological impact of the first hypernovae, we use the realistic Pop III stellar evolution models including the relevant physics to simulate the formation, evolution, and hypernova explosion of a 60 M⊙ Pop III star. Our results show that the gas inside the host minihalo is effectively blown out by the ramp pressure of radiation and hypernova shock. It delays the star formation inside the halo for at least 50 million years. More importantly, the pristine gas of the intergalactic medium around the halo is chemically enriched to an average metallicity of 10-4 — 10-3 Z⊙, out to ∼ 2kpc within five hundred million years after the star dies. Such metal enrichment is able to transform the later star formation mode from Pop III to Pop II.


Background: Multidrug resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii has been recognized as a serious causative agent of health care associated infections (HAIs) in different countries of the world with increasing morbidity and mortality, therefore continuous monitoring and evaluation in health care settings are mandatory. We aimed to assess A. baumannii as a cause of HAIs in intensive care units (ICUs) of Zagazig University Hospitals and to demonstrate its antimicrobial resistance pattern. Methods: Different bacteriological specimens were collected from 71 patients with HAIs for isolation of A. baumannii, followed by invitro antibiotic susceptibility test. Results: Ten A. baumannii isolates were recovered (13.5%), of which eight isolates showed multidrug resistance pattern (80%). Prior use of antibiotics was a significant risk factor of development of multidrug resistance (P< 0.05). Conclusion: Predominance of multidrug resistant A. baumannii as an important agent of HAIs in ICUs of Zagazig University Hospitals. Inappropriate administration of antimicrobial agents appears to be the most important risk factor.


The KdV equation with periodic boundary conditions is considered. The interaction of a periodic solitary wave (cnoidal wave) with high frequency radiation of finite energy ($L^2$ norm) is studied. It is proved that the interaction of a low frequency component (cnoidal wave) and high frequency radiation is weak for finite time in the following sense: the radiation approximately satisfies the Airy equation.


In contemporary magnetic confinement devices, the density distribution is sensed with interferometers and actuated with feedback controlled gas injection and open-loop pellet injection. This is at variance with the density control for ITER and DEMO, that will depend mainly on pellet injection as an actuator in feed-back control. This paper presents recent developments in state estimation and control of the electron density profile for ITER using relevant sensors and actuators. As a first step, Thomson scattering is included in an existing dynamic state observer. Second, model predictive control is developed as a strategy to regulate the density profile while avoiding limits associated with the total density (Greenwald limit) or gradients in the density distribution (e.g. neoclassical impurity transport). Simulations show that high quality density profile estimation can be achieved with Thomson Scattering and that the controller is capable of regulating the distribution as desired.


This reference work presents a statistical look at life expectancy and death rates in the United States in the 20th century. Parts I-V cover advancements in life expectancy, death rates for different ages for men and women, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and future predictors.


Change in inferior cava diameter (IVC) during respiration is a potentially non invasive measure of blood volume in haemodialysis (HD) and heart failure (HF) patients. We tested its sensitivity to acute volume loading in normal volunteers (NV).


The process of learning to develop creativity is a challenge for teachers, including art teachers in Indonesia, because the object images of student learning outcomes tend to be monotonous and less creative. To increase the creativity of students can apply analogy learning. The methodology in this study uses the action method to answer how to apply analogy learning to improve creative drawing skills. By using the class action method, this study explains the method of how analogy learning can improve children's drawing creativity, especially grade IV Elementary Schools in Indonesia. The research findings show that analogy learning can help students become more creative because they can produce more varied picture objects. Keywords—learning analogy, drawing, creative drawing objects


The dielectric properties of cereal grain flours are studied by varying the moisture content and density, using a novel Metamaterial Wire Split Ring Resonator (WSRR) based sensor working in the...


The situation of confrontation of political opposition to the official exchange rate of Mao Zedong in the middle of 1960s is analyzed. Methods and interaction between the two warring factions in the party and the state apparatus of the People's Republic of China (PRC) is characterized: "pragmatists" and "left" fundamentally disagree on the pace of socio-economic and political development of the country. The analysis of activity emerged in the mid-1960s "group of five", which allows to evaluate the nature, essence and causes of political opposition within the Communist Party of China on the eve of the "cultural revolution" is presented. The author shows the importance of the figure of Mao Zedong in these events, identifies targets, mechanisms, motivations and the nature of its political struggle in the face of increasing cult of personality and the repressive measures of the state. The policy of "cultural revolution" is regarded as one of the most important steps of the Chinese leader, who bore the anti-democratic nature and aimed at total eradication of dissent and destruction of opposition forces in the country. The author concludes that the struggle of Mao Zedong with the political opposition, carried out under the banner of eradicating anti-socialism, is essentially a struggle for personal power that is perceived as an ideological objective and historical foundations of the successful communist construction. The connection of repressive political processes of mid-1960s with the initial phase of the "cultural revolution" is traced, a decisive role in the implementation of which was assigned to the People's Liberation Army of China. Carried out by Mao Zedong in 1965, "proletarization" of the armed forces of the PRC is regarded as one of the most important campaigns, related not only to the immediate elimination of opponents, but also with the preparation of a large-scale implementation of the "cultural revolution" in China.


Network performance highly depends on efficiency of the firewall because for each network packet which enters or leaves the network a decision has to be made whether to accept it or reject it. This paper presents one approach to rule optimization solutions for improving firewall performance. The new software solution has been developed based on relations between rules. Its main purpose is to remove anomalies in ordering of Linux firewall rules and to merge similar rules. Developed rule optimization software (FIRO) is intended to be used with IP Tables Linux firewall command tool, but it can be easily adapted for other tool, as well. FIRO works in several passes through revised rule lists. In each step of optimization process FIRO generates a different rule list. Unlike existing solutions, FIRO also analyzes log rules and takes into account other rule parameters besides IP addresses, ports, protocols and action.


The performance sensitivity of linear systems, with stable feedback perturbations both on the plant and the feedback controller, is discussed. Using – norm, the sufficient condition for the robust stability is derived. Also, the upper bounds for the sensitivity function matrix and the closed-loop transfer function matrix of the perturbed system are presented.


Any books that you read, no matter how you got the sentences that have been read from the books, surely they will give you goodness. But, we will show you one of recommendation of the book that you need to read. This american communism and soviet russia the formative period is what we surely mean. We will show you the reasonable reasons why you need to read this book. This book is a kind of precious book written by an experienced author.


IX Abbreviations XI Chapter One General Introduction) 1 Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) 2 Overview of the T Cell Mediated Immune Response 7 CD4+ and CD8+ T Cell Immune Responses to HIV-1 14 T Cell Responses in Paediatric HIV-1 Infection 23 Chapter Two Differential Immunogenicity of HIV-1 Clade C Proteins in Eliciting CD8+ and CD4+ Cell Responses 46 Chapter Three Detection of HIV Type 1 Gag-Specific CD4+ T Cell Responses in Acutely Infected Infants 57 Chapter Four Immunodominant HIV-1 CD4+ T Cell Epitopes In Chronic Untreated Clade C HIV-1 Infection 65 Chapter Five Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Specific CD8+T-Cell Activity Is Detectable from Birth in the Majority of In Utero-Infected Infants 77 Chapter Six CD8+ T-cell responses to different HIV proteins have Discordant associations with viral load 89 Chapter Seven General Discussion, Conclusion and Future


The pulsed neutron mass flow meter is a non-intrusive device capable of continuously measuring the mass flow rate of coal liquefaction plant vacuum bottoms and other streams, which are both corrosive and erosive and are at high temperature and pressure. The fluid volume element is activated by an external pulsed neutron source, the induced activity is measured downstream, and the time delay between the activation pulse and the arrival of the induced activity downstream gives a direct measure of time-of-flight velocity. Specifications cover: the batch and timed operating modes; the components of the mass flow meter, including the neutron generator, gamma detector, densitometer gamma source, mechanical components, and radiation shielding; computer inputs and outputs; radiation safety; installation, calibration, and maintenance; and the computer system.


Every organization stands to benefit from improving how it manages energy, either with a piecemeal or comprehensive approach. But where is the tipping point at which sufficient elements are in place to constitute a self-sustaining system? Are all management system elements of equal importance? This paper addresses these questions, which are integral to successful implementation of utility Strategic Energy Management (SEM) programs. The practice of SEM continues to gain wide market traction both as independently adopted by organizations and through the support of utility programs. By fostering a proactive problem-solving approach to controlling energy cost, SEM promises to drive continuous measurement and improvement of energy performance within an organization. This fundamentally shifts the dynamic of energy efficiency initiatives—from utilities promoting measures to companies actively seeking further savings opportunities. Great strides have been made both in identifying the facets of energy management systems and in creating a common language of assessment of management practices, notably by the Consortium for Energy Efficiency. This shared vocabulary provides a context for evaluating the progress of an organization in developing an SEM system. But questions arise when the theoretical framework meets the unique environment of an actual organization. This paper examines critical success factors and measurement indicators for energy users, utilities and regulators. Tactical vs. Strategic The term energy management encompasses a range of practices that contribute to energy savings. These practices are generally considered separately from large-scale equipment upgrades by both utilities and participants due to the differing magnitudes of savings achieved and investment required. The field of energy management also includes steps organizations may take to reduce energy costs beyond energy efficiency, such as load management, distributed energy resources and storage. Taken on an ad hoc basis, energy management practices constitute what might be considered to be the tactical approach to pursuing energy savings. Perhaps the most thorough overview of the breadth of energy management activities is provided by the Association of Energy Engineers (AEE) in its updated Certified Energy Manager (CEM) Body of Knowledge, shown in Table 1. This information is particularly insightful, as the CEM accreditation is widely recognized as a comprehensive and respected indicator of expertise in the field. Addressing energy-consuming systems to ensure efficient operation makes sense both as an opportunity for significant energy savings and as a business best practice. A range of utility programs has sought to drive savings through system-focused retro-commissioning, leak maintenance and allied programs. These programs have consistently identified actionable measures yielding cost effective savings, despite ever heightening productivity gains and increased operational sophistication among manufacturers. Some jurisdictions have called into 1-1 ©2015 ACEEE Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Industry question whether the cost of maintaining equipment at intended performance levels should fall solely on system owners rather than on ratepayers through utility programs. Table 1. CEM Body of Knowledge


The present application provides formulations coated tablets comprising neratinib maleate, and improved manufacturing such coated tablets procedures. CLAIMS 1. A pharmaceutically acceptable composition characterized by comprising: a granulation comprising the intragranular components: (a) 10-70 weight percent of maleate neratinib; (B) 15-65 weight percent of one or more fillers; (C) 0-8 weight percent of one or more disintegrants: and (d) 0.2-8 weight percent of one or more glidants; and (e) 5-15 weight percent of one or more surface modifying agents, wherein the granulation is combined with extragranular components, (f) 1-25 weight percent of one or more fillers; (G) 0-8 weight percent of one or more disintegrants and (h) an 01.03 weight percent of one or more lubricants. Claim 8: The composition according to claim 4, wherein the amount of mannitol and microcrystalline cellulose, as intragranular component is about 50 weight percent. Claim 11: The composition according to claim 4, characterized in that is in the form of an oral dosage of 40 mg, 80 mg or 240 mg. Claim 15: The process according to claim 13 or 14, wherein the surface modifying agent is povidone. Claim 16: A method for treating cancer characterized in that it comprises administering an effective amount of a composition according to claim 1.


Provided is a fixing structure of a drive circuit board, comprising a plate-like main body part (11) and a plurality of raised parts (12) arranged on the surface of the main body part (11), wherein the plurality of raised parts (12) are arranged at intervals on the main body part (11), and the raised heights of the raised parts (12) increase one by one from the first end to the second end of the main body part (11). Also provided is a liquid crystal display device. By means of the fixing structure of the drive circuit board, COFs of different lengths and drive boards of different sizes can be fixed, so that different backlight modules can be compatible with different liquid crystal panels, thereby reducing the development cost of the backlight modules.


In offering our readers a special issue devoted to anthropology and family history, the editors of this journal need neither apologize nor explain. For more than a decade, historical sociologists have recognized that anthropology has developed methods for the analysis of kinship which are indispensable in interpreting historical data on the family. Monographic descriptions of non-European kinship systems have provided European and American historians with a vantage point from which to gain perspective on their


Deals with genetic correlations among the quality traits of seeds, such as amylose content, gel consistency, alkali digestion, protein content, grain length, grain width and 1000-grain weight, and genetic correlations between the quality traits and yield traits, such as effective number of panicles per plant, plumped number of grains per panicles, 1000-grain weight and grain yield per plant. The results indicated that genetic correlation components were observed among the quality traits, also observed between the quality traits of seeds and agronomic characters of their maternal plants. In the genetic correlations among some of the traits there were more than two genetic correlation compoments, which showed the complex nature of their relationship. But the genetic correlations among other traits were simple, only one or two genetic correlation components appeared.


The high incidence of sexual crimes, in addition to the severity of its consequences, continues to require greater social and scientific effort that sheds light on this phenomenon and allows prevention and intervention to be guided. According to the literature, previous studies reveal the impact of myths about sexual violence, which refer to how sexual assaults occur, the guilt of the victim and the justification of the aggressor. Although there are studies in the community population, there is little research on the prevalence of sexual assault myths in the prison population. That is why we considered this study, in which a single group ex post facto design was carried out, with a sample of 48 internal sentences in a prison with an average age of 40.31 ( SD = 9.61), to which the AMMSA scale was applied, the scale of social desirability and a questionnaire with sociodemographic variables. The results highlight the prevalence of myths about sexual assault in the male prison population, showing that the acceptance of myths is significantly higher in the prison population than in the community population. Taking into account the limitations of our study, the implications of the results are discussed and future lines of research are proposed within the prison field, which promote the development and implementation of treatment programmes for reduction of cognitive myths and distortions, adjusted to the needs of the sentenced, and which can promote their proper reintegration, re-education and resocialization.


This research proposes an optimal control-based motion planner with consideration of the stochasticity of surrounding human-driven vehicles (HVs). The proposed motion planner is designed for the highway piloting of automated vehicles (AVs). It overcomes the shortcomings of conventional methods and is able to 1) plan motions with behavioral decisions, 2) improve safety by considering the stochasticity of surrounding HVs, and 3) improve control accuracy through vehicle dynamics consideration. The stochasticity of surrounding HVs is incorporated into a chance collision avoidance constraint, which is successfully linearized. This design greatly improves the computing efficiency of the proposed method. The proposed motion planner is evaluated by field tests and a simulation in the context of traffic. The results demonstrate that 1) the proposed motion planner reduces 70% of the magnitude of risk and 88% of the duration of risk; 2) to gain the aforementioned safety improvement, the proposed motion planner sacrifices only 1.4% of mobility; 3) the control error is less than 12 cm; and 4) the computation time is about 5 ms. The results indicate that the proposed motion planner is ready for real-time implementation.


The present invention relates to a four-wheeled vehicle wheel arrangement, comprising: a front wheel, a driving force and a steering function; wheel sides, respectively, may be free rolling, its axis not coaxial collinear; a rear wheel may be turning freely, connected by a support base and the body. The present invention does not require additional steering control, the vehicle body at the same length or wheelbase conditions, can be obtained in situ with the rotary switching mechanism having a rectangular four-wheeled vehicle turning radius of the same place, a high performance can be manipulated and movement, the low drag coefficient tapering shape before and after, not only can significantly reduce fuel consumption at high speeds, but also suitable for small car design, road use can save the width, increasing the efficiency of road use, improve traffic flow.


A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T Article history: Received: 24 October, 2019 Accepted: 25 November, 2019 Online: 22 January, 2020 Currently Indonesia is working actively in the implementation of the Smart Cities initiative program. However, to be able to apply the concept, there are three main elements that must be prepared as the basic foundation. These elements are structure, infrastructure, and superstructure. In this study we focused on the problem of the high cost of funding needed to finance these three elements. Therefore, we are of the opinion that the government must create new investment opportunities outside the stock exchange whose impacts can also be directly used for financing programs. In this study, we conducted an investigation of the interest of urban people to invest in online channels. The aim is to determine the decisionmaking behavior of the Indonesian people in non-consumptive capital expenditure activities when the government creates and publishes financing instruments on the market. The hope is to be able to create a national development financing strategy that is in accordance with the characteristics of the Indonesian people and right on target.


In this paper, a one-dimensional bipolar hydrodynamic model is
considered. This system takes the form of Euler-Poisson with
electric field and frictional damping added to the momentum
equations. The large time behavior of L ∞ entropy solutions
of the bipolar hydrodynamic model is firstly studied. Previous
works on this topic are mainly concerned with the smooth solution
in which no vacuum occurs and the initial data is small. It is
proved in this paper that any bounded entropy solution strongly
converges to the similarity solution of the porous media equation
or the heat equation in L 2(R) with time decay rate.
The initial data can contain vacuum and can be arbitrarily large.
The method is also applied to improve the convergence rate of
[F.Huang, R.Pan, Arch. Rational Mech. Anal.,166(2003),359-376] for
compressible Euler equations with damping. As a by product, it is
shown that the bounded L ∞ entropy solution of the bipolar
hydrodynamic model converges to the entropy solution of Euler
equations with damping as $t\rightarrow\infty$.


In the current computational study, we present the results obtained from the reaction of ozone with thiophenol. Specifically, the structure and the stability of the primary ozonides (POZ) of thiophenol are investigated using density functional theory (DFT) and the coupled-cluster [CCSD(T)] approximation in conjunction with the 6-311+G(d) basis set. This study also investigates the transition states connecting the reactants to the POZs. The calculated ΔrH and ΔrG suggest that POZs obtained by adding ozone to the 1,2-, 2,3-, and 3,4-, positions of the thiophenol ring are stable relative to the reactants. However, the binding energies of the thiophenol POZs are lower than the corresponding phenol analogues. Early transition states are computed for the 2,3- and 1,2- POZs while the transition state leading to the 3,4- POZ is late. In all the POZs, the carbon rings are found to be nearly planar.


The invention discloses a VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) monoclonal antibody, comprising a light chain and a heavy chain, wherein a variable region amino acid sequence of the light chain is shown as SEQ ID NO.1, and a variable region amino acid sequence of the heavy chain is shown as SEQ ID NO.2. Verified by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the antibody can be combined with the specificity of a VEGF; the antibody can effectively detect the VEGF and the detection sensitivity reaches 0.6 ng/ml; the antibody can be used for preparing a reagent box for detecting the VEGF and drugs for treating related diseases.


Several revisions of the Hempel and Oppenheim definition of explanation have been offered in recent years, and none have gone uncriticized in the literature. In the present paper it is argued that the difficulties involved with these attempts are based upon a confusion between three types of explanation, and that Professor David Kaplan's model of S-explanation provides a uniform treatment of all three types.


The article describes the scouting developed in Minas Gerais, during the Antonio Carlos Andrada governor years (1926-1930), when a reformulation was carried out in the public education. I have researched the assistance of state to the education movement created originaly by the British military Baden-Powell, in a context that reenforce nationalism, civilianship and militarization of children and teenagers.


Plastic codes are an important engine of modern drama in the scenic space. Two theatrical performances in Astana and in Sochi are analyzed in the article. The author shows the definition of plastic code and its components «code-performer» and «code-scenography».


This work contains the design and test of a control scheme for a fixed-wing aircraft to track 4-dimensional waypoints. The controller scheme is a multi-loop design that consists of an inner controller synthesized with the h-infinity loop-shaping method and an outer controller synthesized with the PID method. Multiple inner-loop controllers are synthesized in a state-machine configuration as a measure against saturation windup.


ZnO nanotube arrays and self-assembled hierarchical nanostructures are reported here. The ZnO nanostructures were synthesized on Zn foils by a simple solvothermal approach. The hierarchical nanostructures resemble the paint-brush morphology, which consisted of a bunch of self-assembled thin nanowires on a comparatively thick ZnO nanotube wall. Successful creation of surface roughness through controlled etching of the ZnO nanotube walls provided the secondary nucleation centers for the nanowires.