The early events of retroviral replication following virus–cell fusion and preceding integration of the viral genome into cellular chromatin occur within a context of a large multimolecular complex termed reverse transcription or preintegration complex. While some of the functions of these complexes (e.g., reverse transcription) are well described, most other events involved in assembly and processing of reverse transcription complexes, such as viral uncoating and nuclear transport, are poorly understood, and available data are very controversial. This article reviews the current literature on structure and function of reverse transcription complexes, focusing on the least known and most controversial steps.


The invention relates to a a brazed to a support pad tungsten comprehensive contact piece, wherein at least portions of the solder layer and optionally the support with a layer of a less noble metal than tungsten are covered. By the invention, the corrosion resistance of the tungsten overlay is greatly improved.


With the development of digital and wave-form AE (acoustic emission) technology, it makes the recognition ofAE source possible. Because of the noise and complex of AE signal transmission characteristic, the recognition of AE source isvery difficult. In order to resove this problem, the method of multi-sensor data fusion on decision level is presented. Using thedata from each sensor in a location set and considering the confidence value for each sensor, the AE source characteristics can beacquired. Experiment results show that the data fusion result is better than that of single sensor. The multi-sensor data fusionmethod is effective.


Industrialization is necessary for the agricultural development.To explore a new model for the agricultural industrialization development is significant to get rid of the status of currently slow agricultural development,to increase farmers incomes and to solve radically problems of urban-rural dualistic economy.This paper takes Linyi city as an example to search the industrialization development model of innovative agriculture and puts forward relevant countermeasures.


As the global nature of the economy intensifies, countries must establish a worldwide presence to avoid desperate economic circumstances and compromised sovereignty. To remain viable, nations must carefully balance free trade objectives with other vital goals, such as preserving culture. However, when an economic superpower, like the United States, has co-opted the prevailing international trade dispute system to perpetuate its own economic and cultural advantages, other countries find it very difficult to promote their own interests. These countries should not respond to this difficulty by adopting strategies that are inconsistent with the efficiency rationale that underlies all of international trade. Instead of attacking international multilateral trade arrangements, countries should protect and promote their economic interests and culture within smaller bilateral and regional trade agreements. Ultimately, as they gain market power and build relationships with other members of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade' ("GATT"), countries can redirect international trade dialogue to recognize and support cultural preservation even at the cost of reducing the completely unfettered nature of free trade. Section 2 of this Comment considers rationales for preserving culture and the difficulties of preserving it when countries' do-


Editors' Introduction 1. Reference and Definite Descriptions (The Philosophical Review 1966, 75: 281-304). 2. Putting Humpty Dumpty Together Again (The Philosophical Review 1968, 77: 213-15). 3. Proper names and Identifying Descriptions (Synthese 1970, 21: 335-58). 4. Speaking of Nothing (The Philosophical Review 1974, 83: 3-31). 5. Speaker Reference, Descriptions and Anaphora (in Syntax and Semantics, Vol 9. Pragmatics. P. Cole, ed., New York Academic Press, 1978, pp. 47-68). 6. The Contingent 'A Priori' and Rigid Designators (Midwest Studies in Philosophy 1977, 2: 12-27). 7. Kripke and Putnam on Natural Kind Terms (in Knowledge and Mind: Philosophical Essays, Ginet, Carl (ed), Oxford UP 1983, pp. 84-104).


The PSCAD/EMTDC (Power System Computer Aided Design/ElectroMagnetic Transient DC) is generally used to simulate a power network. However, it is difficult to analyze the characteristics of power devices, such as magnetic field, temperature variation, and stress using EMTDC. MATLAB is able to analyze the characteristics of power devices using numeric formula and interconnect with other software packages. Similarly, EMTDC also allows communication through its FORTRAN interface. This paper describes the combination of EMTDC and MATLAB for UPQC-SMES (Unified Power Quality Conditioner-Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage) system simulation and the results are discussed in detail.


Herein, results of thermodynamic analysis of some theoretical and experimental [thermal desorption (TDS), scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS), high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy/low-energy electron diffraction (HREELS/LEED), photoelectron spectroscopy (PES), angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), Raman spectroscopy and others] data on "reversible" hydrogenation and dehydrogenation of some graphene-layer-nanostructures are presented. In the framework of the formal kinetics and the approximation of the first order rate reaction, some thermodynamic quantities for the reaction of hydrogen sorption (the reaction rate constant, the reaction activation energy, the per-exponential factor of the reaction rate constant) have been determined. Some models and characteristics of hydrogen chemisorption on graphite (on the basal and edge planes) have been used for interpretation of the obtained quantities, with the aim of revealing the atomic mechanisms of hydrogenation and dehydrogenation of different graphene-layer-systems. The cases of both non-diffusion rate limiting kinetics and diffusion rate limiting kinetics are considered. Some open questions and perspectives remain in solving the actual problem in effective hydrogen on-board storage; using the graphite nanofibers (GNFs) is also considered.

 Key words: Epitaxial and membrane graphenes, other graphene-layer-systems, hydrogenation-dehydrogenation, thermodynamic characteristics, atomic mechanisms, the hydrogen on-board efficient storage problem.


The increased intensity and frequency of storms, drought and flooding, altered hydrological cycles and precipitation variance have implications for future food availability. Many developing countries, in fact, already contend with chronic food problems. Climate change presents yet another significant challenge to be met. While overall food production may not be threatened, those least able to cope will likely bear additional adverse impacts. As a consequence, climate change has threatened food security in many developing countries, including Indonesia. While the adverse impacts of climate change will affect the poor, actual impacts will depend on socio-economic conditions as on the biophysical processes involved. Managing these risks is an imperative necessity for Indonesia. Policies and investments supporting sustainable agricultural practices and technological progress can help mitigate the effects of climate change on agriculture and food security while increasing the capacity of people and societies to adapt. Simulation based on climate data from 1971 to 2006 indicated that Indonesia agricultural production is more sensitive to temperature increase rather than rainfall decrease. A combination of these two climate components has significant impact on the country's food balance by 2050. It is estimated that the deficit will be 90 million tons of husked rice by 2050. This rice deficit can not be met only with a single effort, by improving cropping areas, crop productivity, cropping intensity or consumption alone. Only multiple adaptation programs could save Indonesia from this rice deficit. The feasible adaptation programs include improvement in cropping areas, crop productivity, cropping intensity and consumption.


Numerical taxonomic analysis was done on 54 previously identified motile Aeromonas spp., including 6 reference strains. At 85% similarity value, 34 of the 54 strains were classified into 8 phenons. When the strains were acreened for virulence, phenon I proved to be the most virulent. The majority of isolates in phenon I (highly pathogenic and serologically homogenous A. hydrophila) came from fish exhibiting epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS), while those from phenon II (nonpathogenic and serologically heterogenous A, hydrophila) came from healthy fish. Two host species. Channa striata and Clarias sp., from which the greatest diversity of motile aeromonads was recovered.. were heavily affected by EUS.


A wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of a large number of sensor nodes distributed over a geographical area. A basic problem of WSNs is to reduce their energy consumption in order to enhance their life time. So, minimizing energy consumption becomes the most critical factor in the design of almost all WSN protocols. For end-to-end data transmission, media access control (MAC) and routing protocols play an important role in WSNs. Besides, these protocols mostly use the hierarchical structure for end-to-end reliable data delivery. The time and energy required to generate a hierarchical structure in a sequential manner is always high. So, in order to mitigate the above challenges, in this paper, we propose a distributed algorithm to generate the hierarchical structure where each node has two parent nodes except the root node. The intermediate nodes of the generated tree remain awake as they are selected as parent node based on their energy level, and other nodes are to be kept in the sleep mode in order to conserve energy. The distributed tree structure is periodically reconstructed considering the remaining energy of each node with a view to balance energy consumption of nodes in the whole WSN. The proposed approach also considerably reduces the average energy consumption rate of each node as we are able to put more number of nodes in the sleep mode in a distributed manner as compared to the existing approaches. Simulation studies of the proposed approach have been carried out using Castalia simulator and its performance has been compared with the existing sequential approach.


With fly ash as a carrier,La3+,Fe3+ co-doped TiO2 photo catalyst was prepared by micro-emulsion.The appearance of composite particles was observed by transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy.The component of the composite particles which have been calcined was analyzed by X-ray diffraction.The TiO2 covered degree of fly ash and its photo catalyst degradation of methly orange were measured by spectrophotometer.The results showed that La3+,Fe3+ co-doped TiO2/ fly ash had a well-distributed size and a good dispersion degree.The covered degree of TiO2 was 35.67%.The degradation of methly orange was 48%.The regeneration of TiO2 was five times.The synergistic effect of Fe3+,La3+ increased the activity of the photo catalyst when Fe3+-doped was 0.3% and the La3+-doped was 1.0%.


Jia Dao is one of the most talented poets in the late Tang Dynasty.There is deep humanistic spirit in his poems,in which there is concern about the nation and people,sincere friendship,and pursuit for individual's life.Studying Jia's poems is helpful for us to know the developing procedure of the poems in the late Dynasty.The study of the humanistic spirit is good for us to know better about the writers living status and social thinking trend.


Customer demand for electrical energy continues to increase, so electrical energy infrastructure must be developed to fulfill it. In order to generate and distribute electrical energy cost-effectively, it is crucial to estimate electrical energy consumption reasonably in advance. In addition, it is necessary to ensure that customer demands can be met and that there is no shortage of electricity supply. This study aims to determine the estimated long-term electricity use with a historical Energy Sold (T1) database in kW accumulated over several periods from 2008 to 2017. The ARIMA method with the Seasonal-ARIMA (SARIMA) pattern is used in forecasting analysis. The ARIMA method was chosen because it is considered appropriate for forecasting linear and univariate time-series data. The results of this study indicate that the MAPE (%) error rate is relatively low, with a result of 7,966, but the R-Square reaches a value of -0.024 due to the lack of observational data.


Purpose in life can provide the context through which emerging adults transition into the workplace. According to researchers, career exploration is typical as an individual moves from emerging adulthood into full adulthood. This chapter examined a small sample of emerging adults to assess purposeful work trajectories during emerging adulthood. Six participants were intentionally selected from a larger sample that was collected by researchers at Stanford University (N = 270). Eighty-three percent of participants were female, the sample was ethnically diverse, and all participants were from California. Analysis of change in regards to purposeful work yielded one case of growth, four cases of stability, and one case of decline. Furthermore, cases of stability varied by cohort, purpose form type, or other variables, thus indicating purpose diversity in the sample. Limitations and suggestions for future study are discussed.


to help establish the conditions of fenitization around the Callander Bay alkaline complex. They compared values of the function ( G T Hrgs)/T in Table 6 of their paper, and concluded that equilibrium was reached a little above 500°A. D. R. Waldbaum (personal communication to K. L. Currie, 1971) has pointed out that in Table 6 the value of AH^^^ is not included, and it is not explained how account was taken of this quantity. Currie and Ferguson assumed that this quantity was the same on the opposite sides of the above equation, and thus cancelled. This assumption was based on comparison of the sum of AHzs8 for oxide components and for particular minerals, as tabulated in various recent compilations. The r.m.s. difference between the two quantities was 0.12 kcal. per mol. Assuming this error in the quantities in eq. [I], and taking account of the fact that AHngs is known for Na2COI and SO2, the probable error of the additivity assumption as applied to eq. [ l ] is 0.24 kcals per mol. At the lowest temperatures in Table 6 , this is equivalent to 0.40 cal mol-1deg.-1, or less than the uncertainty of the data. However, such an error is equivalent to a shift of the equilibrium temperature in Table 6 by roughly 50". It should thus have been made clear in the paper that Table 6 gave only an estimate of temperature, and that the estimate was 500 f 50' C.


When writing (p. 330) on the genus Apista, F. Smith, 1861, I unfortunately overlooked the fact that the generic name is long preoccupied (Apista, Hübn, 1816, and the similar Apistus, Cuvier, 1829). The bee genus from Brazil may therefore be known as Egapista, n. n., type Egapista opalina (Apista opalina, Smith). I find that the name of the African bee-genus Serapis, F. Smith, 1854, is also preoccupied (Serapis, Link, 1830); it may be changed to Serapista; type Serapista denticulata (Serapis denticulatus, Smith). The name Eumorpha proposed by Friese for a group of bees, is also preoccupied. The group Rhodocentris, Friese, includes the type of the prior Heterocentries, Ckll.; so the latter name must be used for the group, unless (as seems probable) it can be divided.


Objective To analyze the malaria epidemic situation and prevention and control process, and we summarize and assess the malaria elimination work in Minhang District, Shanghai, so as to provide the evidence for maintaining the eradication of malaria. Methods The data of control work, reports, documents, work plans, strategies and measures of malaria in Minhang District from 1950 to 2019 were collected and analyzed, to indicate its epidemiological characteristics and preventive procedure by descriptive epidemiological methods. And we summarized and evaluated the process of eliminating malaria in Minhang District. Results Malaria used to be the most dangerous infectious disease in Minhang District. Two outbreaks occurred in 1954 and 1961 respectively, with the highest annual incidence of 7 824.98/100 000, with P. vivax as the dominant vector and Anopheles sinensis as the only vector. Through comprehensive prevention and control, the incidence of malaria gradually decreased to 10 per 100 000 in 1980, and the standard of basically eliminating malaria was met in 1985. In 2010, Minhang District launched the Action Plan for Eliminating Malaria, and implemented comprehensive technical measures focusing on eliminating the source of infection and blocking transmission. By 2015, there had been no local infection cases for five consecutive years, meeting the assessment standards for eliminating malaria. The malaria eradication maintenance phase began after 2016. According to the characteristics of malaria epidemic in different periods, Minhang District adopted targeted prevention and control measures, which experienced different stages of malaria epidemic, control, monitoring, elimination and post-elimination maintenance. After 2013, all the cases were imported from abroad, and the majority of them were middle-aged and young migrating population. There were no obvious characteristics of the infected species and onset time of the cases. The focus of prevention and control is to timely detect and deal with malaria cases to prevent further transmission. Conclusion Maintaining surveillance networks and surveillance capabilities, and preventing the risk of retransmission of imported cases has become a new challenge after malaria eradication has been entered the maintenance phase. 摘要:目的 分析上海市闵行区不同时期疟疾流行状况和防治历程, 总结闵行区消除疟疾工作, 为维持消除疟疾 状态提供依据。 方法 收集闵行区1950—2019年疟疾防治疫情相关报表、工作计划总结、防治文件和策略等资料, 采 用描述流行病学方法分析闵行区疟疾流行特征与防治措施, 总结评估闵行区消除疟疾历程。 结果 疟疾曾是闵行区 危害最大的传染病, 1954年和1961年先后发生过2次暴发流行, 年发病率最髙达7 824.98/10万, 以间日疟为主, 中华按 蚊为唯一传播媒介。经过综合防治, 1980年疟疾发病率逐步降低至10/10万, 1985年达到了基本消灭疟疾的标准;2010 年启动闵行区消除疟疾行动计划 , 实施以清除传染源、阻断传播为重点的综合技术措施 , 至2015年连续5年无本地感 染病例, 达到了消除疟疾考核标准;2016年后进人消除疟疾维持阶段。闵行区根据不同时期疟疾流行特点采取了针对 性防控措施, 经历疟疾流行、控制、监测、消除和消除后维持的不同阶段。2013年后病例均为境外输人性病例, 以中青 年流动人口为主, 感染虫种和病例发病时间无明显特征, 防控重点是及时发现和处置疟疾病例, 防止引起续发传播。 结论 达到消除疟疾标准后, 维持疟疾监测网络和监测能力, 防止输人性病例再传播风险成为面临的新挑战。


Addition to rations of animals some plants containing biologically active agents (biologically active admixtures), positively influences on productivity and state of an organism as a whole. However the particular scientifically justified references on utilization of phytogenous feed additives in a fur-farming, in case of phloem of Amur velour, for different areas of Russia are not enough.


We propose a typology of supply chain management strategies based on data from a large sample of US firms. The resulting typologies and their relationships with firm performance are tested. The result of set correlation analysis on the data revealed six distinct supply chain management typologies, and showed significant statistical relationships with performance. Additional analysis revealed that two of the typologies describe the ideas of velocity, variability, and visibility of supply chains. The paper also discusses the relationship between product life cycle and the supply chain management initiatives that comprise the strategy typologies.


The software development has become even more complicated for IT-companies and users of software. The rising popularity of open source in all areas of software development and usage is resulting in a need to evaluate more options in software procurement than before. This paper highlights some of the recent international and domestic research on open source deployment and gives some recommendations as to what official stand Finland should take.


© 2007 The Authors 829 JEADV 2007, 21, 822–849 Journal compilation © 2007 European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 3 Carrascosa JM, Gardeazabal J, Pérez-Ferriols A et al. Consensus document on phototherapy: PUVA therapy and narrow-Band UVB therapy. Actas Dermosifiliogr 2005; 96: 635–658. 4 Hamilton TK. Clinical considerations of efalizumab therapy in patients with psoriasis. Semin Cutan Med Surg 2005; 24: 19–27. 5 Ibbotson SH, Bilsland D, Cox NH et al. An update and guidance on narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy: a British Photodermatology Group Workshop Report. Br J Dermatol 2004; 151: 283–297. 6 Cather JC, Menter A. Combining traditional agents and biologics for the treatment of psoriasis. Semin Cutan Med Surg 2005; 24: 34–37.


In order to produce the Guangdong IV standard motor gasoline,new model was built in the system of gasoline online blending.During the model building,it was founded that the Reid vapor pressure and sulfur content tested by laboratory was far away from that calculated.Starting from the affecting factors for the Reid vapor pressure and sulfur content,the components blended as well as the calculation formula were discussed,respectively.Consequently,the two indicators were controlled well,the success rate of gasoline blending was improved substantially.


Abstract A dynamic model of international trade with a continuum of countries is presented. The terms of trade path each country takes as given are endogenous in the model. Countries differ by the rate of time preference and have populations of overlapping generations of labor. Industrialization is modeled as the reallocation of labor to the sector with external increasing returns, the process of which is gradual due to a demographic constraint. In a perfect foresight equilibrium, countries with lower time preference industrialize, and autarky policy is not effective for industrialization. Orbits may exist for countries with positive time preference. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: D90, F10, F43, O14, O40.


A mobile terminal having a function of notifying illegal use of credit card payment and its method are provided to help recognize an illegal user through location tracking by substituting an illegal password inputted by the illegal user with a proper password and transmitting the substituted proper password and a message informing about illegal use of credit card payment to a credit card payment system. A user performs credit card payment by using a mobile terminal(201). The mobile terminal requests the user to input a password for authentication of the credit card payment(202). The mobile terminal receives a password from the user and determines whether the inputted password is proper or wrong(203). In case of the proper password, the mobile terminal performs its credit card payment function according to a response from a credit card payment system(204). In case of the wrong password, the mobile terminal substitutes the inputted wrong password with the proper password(205), transmits the substituted proper password together with a message informing about the illegal credit card payment stored in a storage unit to the credit card payment system, and performs the same credit card payment function as the proper credit card payment according to the response of the credit card payment system(206).


The continuous innovation of products and the necessity of improvement in the competitiveness to meet the demands of the market, required the search by the organizations for agility and flexibility in their organizational structures and the development of management models. For this reason, the companies restructured their business and production activities, with better adjusted hierarchical levels , resulting in new job opportunities, which led the Executive Secretariat gaining more space in the organizations, since these professionals are prepared for both development of technical procedures, such as archival and organization of routines, among others, as well as trained to work in supervisory and management areas. Within this perspective, this research aimed at to identify the main types of skills and competences that are being offered at courses of higher education in the Executive Secretariat programs in the southern region of Brazil and to evaluate if this formation is adjusted to the one suggested by the Curriculum Guidelines.


Two identical dinoflagellate cell specimens were found in a seawater sample collected from Tanjung Pasir Beach (TPB; 6.01 S, 106.8 N), Banten, Indonesia and subjected to morphological characterization light microscopy (LM). The cells measured 71.97–72.86 µm long and 52.55–52.76 µm wide, fusiform or biconical-shaped, with tapered apical and antapical horns. A sharp and pointy spine was present at the antapex. The Kofoidean thecal plates arrangement pattern of the specimens was formulated as Po, 4', 2a, 7'', 3(?)c, 4s, 5''', 2''''. Based on this thecal plate tabulation formula combined with the cell morphologies, the specimens conformed to the original description of, and therefore identified as, Protoperidinium abei (Paulsen) Balech. This study constitutes the first record of P. abei in Indonesia and the first to illustrate and describe its detailed morphology using LM.


Abstract Experimental data were obtained from a Rover K4 optical access engine and analysed with a combustion analysis package. Cyclic NO values were calculated by mass averaging the measurements obtained by a fast NO analyser. The modelled NO results were compared with the experimental values on plots of NO versus peak cylinder pressure, Pmax. The model achieves its cyclic variability through the input of experimentally derived burn rates and a completeness of combustion parameter. This is based on the Rassweiler and Withrow method for calculating the mass fraction burned and is derived from the pressure—crank angle record of the engine. The cycle-by-cycle NO modelling results are found to compare well with the experiments in terms of the mean value for all cycles, the general slope of the NO versus Pmax line and the maximum and minimum values (or spread). The modelled results do not, however, exhibit the same degree of scatter as the experimental data. This is attributed to the model utilizing a fixed blow-by rate, a constant temperature at inlet valve closure and a constant residual mass fraction for all cycles at a given operating point.


Despite many definitions and mechanisms of organizational resilience, arising from different cognitive perspectives, none are based on resilience's ultimate foundations; they confuse managers seeki...


We suggest that the Monte Carlo renormalization group, when combined with the type of cell-spin transformation introduced by van Leeuwen, should be a powerful tool in the study of Ising models with n > or = 2. Numerical results are presented for the Baxter model and the Ising model with nearest-- and next-nearest--neighbor interactions on a square lattice.


The United States government uses hundreds of thousands of civilian contractors and employees overseas. They and their dependents are often subject to local prosecution for the crimes they commit abroad. Whether by agreement, practice, or circumstance—sometimes they are not. This report looks at two bills that would supplement the Military Extraterritorial Jurisdiction Act (MEJA), which permits federal persecution of certain crimes commuted abroad by Defense Department civilian employees, contractors, or their dependents. These two bills are the Civilian Extraterritorial Jurisdiction Act (CEJA) and S.1145.


1.1 Background:
Sepsis is a common cause of death within the general population and the third most common cause of death for people with a learning disability, suggesting an increased vulnerability or different trajectory within this population. Despite this, there is currently no research into the direct lived experiences of people with a learning disability who develop and recover from sepsis.

1.2 Methods:
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 3 people with a learning disability (average age of 44.7, range of age 33 to 68) who experienced sepsis and 5 carers (1 familial and 4 professional carers) (average age of 48.8, range of age 43 to 58) who had supported an individual with a learning disability while they had sepsis. Sepsis was caused by a range of physical health problems. Face-to-face semi-structured interviews were conducted, transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis.

1.3 Findings:
Six main themes were identified: chronic and acute pre-existing health conditions, experiences within the hospital setting, physical recovery, mental recovery, returning to a normal life and the implications of sepsis.

The findings highlighted some of the ongoing difficulties for people with intellectual disabilities in accessing timely healthcare provision and the ongoing mental health problems, even after physically recovering from sepsis. People with a learning disability have more comorbid health conditions which may compound the longer-term effects of sepsis.

1.4 Conclusion:
Future research should be conducted with people with learning disabilities about their experiences shortly after recovery from sepsis, to mitigate the effects of memory difficulties in recalling experiences.


With the development of industrial wireless technology,wireless data collection technology has been more and more widely used.This paper takes an example of gas monitoring in Harbin,introduces the application of wireless data acquisition technology in the gas monitoring.


The purpose of this article is to review the formal process of simulation and game activity as it may interact with formal and informal organizational variables in the school. In addition to procedures of evaluation occurring before and after simulation/gaming activity, this article also considers the impact of organizational variables and informal interactions at play in the adoption, implementation, and maintenance of simulation and game activity.


The aim of the paper is to investigate to what extent access to finance explains differences in entrepreneurial activity across European Union (EU) member countries. We use a dataset containing information across countries and time to investigate the determinants of entrepreneurial activity in twenty-five EU members over the period between 2007 and 2013. Our sample comprises both periods of difficult access to finance and periods of excessive liquidities. Employing a panel data model with fixed effects, we found a positive relationship between access to finance and entrepreneurial activities. Furthermore, we showed that this positive relationship is more important for the individuals who believe they have the required skills and knowledge to start a business. The results proved to be robust when we employed different measures of entrepreneurial activity and several proxies for access to finance. Our findings provide empirical evidence for the need of policy initiatives at national and EU level to facilitate the creation of sustainable new ventures.


Reinjection data from field operators and seismic catalogue data from the SIL network of the Iceland Meteorological Office (IMO) are used to describe and analyse re-injection into Icelandic geothermal fields and the corresponding seismicity. Unfortunately the resolution of the production and injection data is generally poor and local seismic networks were missing most of the time of exploitation and injection but is now being improved. Fluid has been injected at 11 sites in 9 production fields; 4 low temperature fields and 5 high temperature fields. All the high temperature fields and one of the low temperature fields are located at plate boundaries where background seismicity is high and occur in swarms. Injection and exploitation at all these places seem to induce or modulate the seismicity. Most of these events are below local magnitude 2. No seismicity has been observed where fluid is injected at the 3 sites outside the plate boundaries. Minor injection related seismicity has been observed at the Reykjanes field but high natural seismic swarms occur in the periphery of the production field with maximum observed local magnitude of 4.7. At the Svartsengi geothermal field the induced seismicity is low with largest observed event of 3.2. At the injection sites for the Hellisheidi power plant only minor seismicity has been observed at Grauhnjukar while at the Husmuli injection site huge induced seismicity has been observed with numerous triggered events with magnitude in the range 3 -4. At Nesjavellir we observe moderate seismicity with a few events above local magnitude 2, the largest being 3.2. These events are within the production field but they are not necessarily related to injection rather than the production. At Krafla considerable seismicity started when injection was initiated but the events are generally below magnitude 2.0. At the low temperature field Laugaland i Holtum in the south Iceland Seismic zone lowering of the fluid pressure due to geothermal production and seasonal variation in the pressure seem to modulate the natural seismicity and might have delayed an impending 6.4 event on June 17 th 2000 by several years but also affected its exact timing.


In this paper, we study the beam dynamics of ultrashort electron bunches in an RF photoinjector and propose illumination of temporally shaped laser pulse at the photocathode to restore the distorted electron bunches during particle acceleration. INTRODUCTION A periodic electron-pulse train is important for generation of coherent radiation. For example, coherent radiation power from a pre-bunched electron beam [1, 2] can grow up rapidly from a short undulator in a free electron laser (FEL). To have an appreciable value of the electron bunching factor [1] in an electron pulse train, the longitudinal electron micro-bunch width in the time domain should be significantly smaller than the inverse of the electron pulse rate. For example, for an electron-pulse train with a pulse rate of 30 THz, the longitudinal bunch width of the electron micro-bunch should be much smaller than 33 fs. The longitudinal bunch width of an accelerated electron bunch can be sensitively influenced by the bunch radius, space charge effect, acceleration gradient, and acceleration phase in an accelerator. In this paper, we first point out that the primary debunching mechanism of the electron micro-bunch is the radial dependence of the RF fields in a photoinjector. We then proposed a temporal laser-pulse shaping technique to correct the acceleration-distorted electron micro-bunch. Finally we include the space charge effects into our study by using the PARMELA simulation code. ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS IN AN RF ACCELERATOR In a photocathode RF gun, the electrons are accelerated by a standing wave in the RF cavity. The field components of the dominate mode in a cylindrically symmetric accelerator cell are given by [3]: ), sin( ) cos( ) ( ) , , ( E 0 0 0 0 0 z      t z k r J E t z r (1) ), sin( ) sin( ) ( ) , , ( E 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 r       t z k r r J r k E t z r (2) ), cos( ) cos( ) ( ) , , ( B 0 0 0 0 1 2 0         t z k r r J c r E t z r (3) where c is the speed of light, f   2  is the angular frequency with f being the resonant frequency of the cell, 0  is the initial acceleration phase, 0 E is the accelerating gradient of the RF cavity, L k / 0   with L being the cell length, 2 0 2 0 ) / ( k c     , and the RF phase is defined as 0 0       z k t . The RF fields are standing waves with radial-dependent field amplitudes. The longitudinal field z E decreases as r increases. On the other hand, the transverse fields r E and  B increase as r increases. Since the acceleration fields are radialdependent, the transit time of an electron is dependent on its radial position in the RF cavity. The electrons emitted at the cathode at a time may not reach the exit of the accelerator at the same time, and the longitudinal bunch width of the electron bunch could be broadened. In the following, we consider a 1.5 cell RF photoinjector with the relevant parameters shown in Table 1. Table 1: Parameters of the RF Photoinjector


We propose a new transmission power control (TPC) scheme called zone-based power control (ZPC). The proposed ZPC scheme employs a mechanism that controls both the power and rate of high-rate data traffic according to the location distribution of mobile stations. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme yields a significant performance improvement compared with the conventional TPC scheme in terms of the power consumption, service coverage and the traffic throughput of portables.


FIELD: technological processes. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to production of mandrel for use in press roll piercing mill for making seamless steel pipe/tube. Method involves blasting surface of mandrel and electric-arc spraying using wire with filler, consisting by one of versions of iron tubular shell and filler containing iron particles and particles of ZrO 2 in amount of 2.5-30.0 wt%, wherein at surface of mandrel film containing iron oxide, iron and particles ZrO 2 is formed, and by second version with electric-arc sputtering wire with filler consisting of iron tubular shell and filler containing iron particles and particles BN in amount from 5.0 to 20.0 wt% are used, with formation on mandrel surface of film containing iron oxide, iron and BN particles. EFFECT: invention is aimed at production of film having improved insulation properties, and manufacturing of mandrel, capable to provide stable increased service life of mandrel during piercing rolling. 2 cl, 2 ex, 2 tbl, 4 dwg


This invention relates to a dendritic polymer of the polyester type, that polymer is one which is coupled to the two reactive groups (A) and reaction of the monomer chain ekseutendeo with the (B) group (B) by the creation of the initial dendritic crystal structure, or It consists of a central initiator molecule or initiator polymer having a more reactive groups (a). The dendritic crystal structure is further branched from or initiator polymer than the initiator by the addition of further molecules of a monomeric chain ekseutendeo by coupling between the which may be height potential, and the reactive groups (A) and (B), a chain It can be further expanded by the reaction with a blocking agent. This invention is also a method for manufacturing the configuration of the dendritic polymer.


Signal transmitter lamp with a circuit board (1) on which light emitting diodes (L1 -L90) in a plurality of parallel series circuits (S1 -S15) are arranged, each with a switched as a current source transistor (T1 -T15) are driven, which series circuits (S1 -S15) together defining a the total current (IG) circuit having a full-wave rectified supply voltage (US) are connected, characterized in that the transistors (T1 -T15) with current-determining emitter resistors (RE) are wired and the base side (in each case via series resistors RB) with a reference voltage (RE F) are connected, which (by a Zener diode 20) and at least one additional voltage source (UT1) is determined via a comparator circuit (VB) (a bridge circuit B), in one of which branch the series circuits (S1 - S15) are, is controlled so regulating, that the total current is kept approximately constant when individual ones of the series nschaltungen (S1 - S15) fail de-energized.


Solution of a crack interacting with a tri-material under a remote shear load for anti-plane elasticity problem is considered in this paper. The main purpose of this work is to study the interaction between a crack and a tri-material for anti-plane elasticity problem. This can be achieved by determination of the stress intensity factors that allow the characterization of this interaction from the point of view of linear elastic fracture mechanics. The proposed method is based on complex variable solution of a screw dislocation together with logarithmic singular integral equations. The singular integral equation is then solved numerically by modeling a crack in place of several segments. Some numerical results are performed to show the effects of material property combinations and geometric parameters on the normalized mode-III stress intensity factors. The results show that the stiffer materials may always give retardation effect on stress intensity factors when a crack approaching interfaces. On the other hand, the softer materials may always give enhancement effect on stress intensity factors.


Introduction:Lead poisoning is a life-threatening condition due to its acute and chronic effects.Therefore, preventive methods are very important to prevent the multiple toxic effects of this metal.Due to the lethal effects of lead and its increasing concentration in the environment, this study was designed and performed to measure the concentration of lead in the blood and tissue of patients undergoing appendectomy and cholecystectomy. Methods andmaterials: In a cross-sectional study that was performed on patients with appendectomy or cholecystectomy in Razi Hospital in Ahvaz during a period of twelve months from May 2019 to May 2020. We examined 120 patients in three groups of appendectomy (n = 40), cholecystectomy (n = 40) and control (n = 40).Blood samples were taken from all three groups. Then, after the operation, a pathology sample was taken from the appendix or gallbladder from patients in two groups who underwent appendectomy and cholecystectomy. X-ray imaging was used to check for lead. Results: Our results show well the mean blood lead concentration in the appendectomy group In the cholecystectomy group and in the control group, the difference between the three groups was statistically significant (<0.001). Also, lead was found in 21 samples(52.5%)from the appendectomy group and lead in 23 samples(57.5%) from the cholecystectomy group, but this difference was not statistically significant. ( p= 0.175). Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it can be said that chronic exposure and lead poisoning may play a role in the occurrence and change of gallstones and appendicitis.


Mathematical solution for arch as monolithic structure assuming full continuity between arch rib, spandrel columns and deck; solution based on principle of balancing panel moments by imposing therein special type of panel distortion which produces moments of known pattern in chords of deformed panel only.


This paper is an exploratory investigation on Information Literacy and Sustainable Development Goals Implementation: The Role of Libraries and Librarians. It is imperative to note that libraries and librarians can help streamline services that encourage the participation and acceptance of stakeholders through its sharing, collaboration and facilitation platforms and services. The familiarity of users to their respective libraries avails the library the opportunity to sensitize, recognize and make visible prospects and challenges recorded with the implementation of SDGs. As it was pointed out that every sector depends on the library, it could be concluded that the library has all that is required to support the sustainable development goals to be achieve because of its characteristic dependability and inclusiveness. This paper recommended that management of libraries should not see the libraries as avenue of enriching themselves as there have been situations where fund released by government has been misappropriated and embezzled at the detriment of effective service provision. There should be in a existence a body with integrity whose responsibility should be to monitor and audit every library project and anyone found culpable punished accordingly. Furthermore, librarians and libraries should get involve in advocacy programmes such as road-walk, distribution of informative flyers, radio jingles and social media campaign with a view to intimating the public on the SDGs.


In this review, we will present some of the information that is known about neuroendocrine (NE) cells and differentiation in the prostate. We will then speculate on the potential role that NE differentiation in prostate carcinoma may play and how this differentiation may be clinically analysed and treated. The androgen‐independent growth of prostate cancer can be caused by different mechanisms; one of these is receptor‐specific paracrine or autocrine growth modulation of human prostatic cancer cells by neuropeptides secreted by NE cells. Our results affirm that different methods of androgen deprivation can influence the serum chromogranin A (CgA) levels to different extents in prostate cancer. In particular, bicalutamide produces a significantly lower increase in serum CgA compared with castration therapy. In the light of other evidence that supports a significant relationship between serum CgA levels, tissue CgA expression and NE activity, we hypothesise that bicalutamide may reduce the risk of NE cell hyperactivation in prostate cancer.


The performance of a solar-assisted ground-source heat pump (SAGSHP)system is discussed. The results of observations of ground-temperature profiles in a compressor heat pump installation for the central heating of selected rooms of a school building have been presented.


Data clustering is one of the widely used data analysis methods which groups the unlabeled data into similar clusters. Classical data clustering methods under-performs to cluster multi-dimensional dataset such as micro arrays datasets. Therefore, this paper introduces a novel metaheuristic gauss-based cuckoo search clustering method to extend the capabilities of traditional clustering methods. The efficacy of proposed data clustering method has been tested on the three micro-array datasets. From the experimental results effectiveness of proposed method has been observed.


Reef environments are unique ecosystems of high ecological and anthropic importance in the economics, tourism, pharmaceutical and other areas. Fauna surveys in these environments allow us to provide knowledge for the management and conservation of these invaluable ecosystems, which are still scarce. In this work, the organisms that constitutes the invertebrate macrofauna found in the emerged reefs of Boa Viagem and Gaibu beaches from September 2018 to June 2019 were surveyed, having their characteristics recorded in the field with the aid of a stereoscopic microscope, avoiding collection and minimizing the ecological impact. A total of 108 taxa were identified at the lowest possible taxonomic level: 26 mollusks, 19 arthropods, 17 porifers, 14 cnidaria, 14 echinoderms, 6 chordates, 5 annelids, 3 bryozoans, and only 1 flatworm. This result showed that marine fauna present in a reasonable diversity of zoological organisms and groups even in places affected by impacts resulting from anthropic action. According to Fernandes et al. (2002) and Lima & Fernandes (2009), 35 species of echinoderms have already been identified for the State of Pernambuco, with 5 species between Recife and Olinda, 2 in Boa Viagem and 16 species between Gaibu, Calhetas and Suape beaches, being 12 species only in Gaibu. In this present study, 5 echinoderms were found for Boa Viagem beach: Echinometra lucunter (Linnaeus, 1758), that was also found in previous studies. However, there was not presence of Mellita quinquiesperforata (Leske, 1778), not corroborating with the results of Lima & Fernandes (2009) who registered the 2 species at Boa Viagem beach and there also was not presence of Encope emarginata (Leske, 1778) and Ophiothrix ( Ophiothrix ) angulata (Say, 1825), which were recorded by Fernandes et al. (2002), between Olinda and Recife.


During the rainfall events in the rainy seasons of 2005-2007,a total of 87 water samples from rainfall events,soil water at 0-400cm layers,surface water in valleys,and ground water(spring water,well water) were collected,the D(deuterium) 18O(oxygen-18) in these samples were analyzed to interpret the relationship among those water sources in Yangou watershed in the loess hilly region,and the locally meteoric water line(LMWL) was obtained.The result shows that the LMWL of Yangou is similar to that of Xi'an region but different significantly from the LMWL of China and the global meteoric water line(GMWL),both slope and intercept of the LMWL of Yangou are smaller than that of China LMWL and GMWL,the δD δ18O content in different water sources are gradually richer in the order of rainwater,ditch water,soil water and groundwater due to isotopic fractionation,and the enrichment of δ18O is faster than that of δD.The variation of δ18O and δD values can be used to identify different water sources and to determine the transformation relationships among them.We have found that the minimum values of δ18O and δD appear to be at the 180-200 cm depth,indicating that the precipitation can infiltrate into the subsurface soil at that depth and the influence of deep soil water on the surface evaporation vanishes at that depth too.The δD δ18O values increase gradually below 200 cm depth,which suggests that the influence of precipitation infiltration is weakening and the groundwater component in soil water is increasing.In responding to rainfall the events,the δD δ18O values are found to be fluctuated in deep soil at the 380-400 cm depth.This result indicates that the rainfall is able to recharge groundwater through either capillary micro-flow or/and priority macro-flow.The experimental data also show that the time lags between the rainfall events and recharging from the springs are less than 35 days.Further studies are warranted to investigate the time lags between rainfall events and recharging from wells,as well as the recharging amount of groundwater from soil water.


Abstract The effect of TiC content on the wear resistance of a Zn–Al alloy was investigated under 300–900 N loads. Sliding tests were carried out to study the wear behaviour of TiCp reinforced ZnAl27 metal matrix composites (MMCs) against AISI type 1050 steel in a block on ring apparatus. The ZnAl27/TiCp MMCs, which were prepared by the addition of 5, 10, and 15 vol.-% TiCp, were produced by powder metallurgy, and the size of particulates was varied at 80, 20, and 5 νm. The powders were uniaxially cold compacted by increasing the pressure up to 250 MPa. Wear tests were carried out in an incremental manner, i.e. 300 m per increment and 1800 m in total. The results of these tests were used to investigate the relationship between weight loss, microstructure, surface hardness, friction coefficient, particle size, and particulate percentage. It was observed that TiCp particulate reinforcement is beneficial in increasing the wear resistance of ZnAl27 alloy, and TiC particulates in MMCs tend to reduce the extent of plastic deformation in the subsurface region of the matrix, thereby delaying the nucleation and propagation of subsurface microcracks.


Background Persons entering corrections facilities are at high risk for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) because of risky sexual behavior and lack of access to routine screening. Goal The goal of the study was to develop a national picture of STD prevalence in this population. Study Design We analyzed information on age, race/ethnicity, urethral symptoms (men only), and test results for approximately 85,000 chlamydia, 157,000 gonorrhea, and 293,000 syphilis tests for persons entering 23 jails and 12 juvenile detention centers in 13 US counties from 1996 through 1999. Results At adult jails in nine counties, the median percentage of persons with reactive syphilis tests by county was 8.2% (range, 0.3–23.8%) for women and 2.5% (range, 1.0–7.8%) for men. At juvenile detention facilities in five counties, the median positivity for chlamydial infection was 15.6% (range, 8.0–19.5%) for adolescent girls and 7.6% (range, 2.8–8.9%) for adolescent boys; the median positivity for gonorrhea was 5.2% (range, 3.4–10.0%) for adolescent girls and 0.9% (range, 0.7–2.6%) for adolescent boys. Of adolescent boys testing positive for chlamydial infection at three juvenile facilities, approximately 97% did not report symptoms; of adolescent boys positive for gonorrhea, 93% did not report symptoms. Conclusion STD positivity among persons entering corrections facilities is high. Most chlamydial and gonococcal infections are asymptomatic and would not be detected without routine screening. Monitoring the prevalence of STDs in this population is useful for planning STD prevention activities in corrections facilities and elsewhere in the community.


Smaller government has been a resounding theme throughout the United States, and indeed many countries, for the past several years. This trend has been fueled by concerns over growing levels of government debt, rapidly increasing costs of health care and other essential public services, as well as the prospects of even greater demands to serve aging populations. Such pressure has prompted wide-ranging debates over what is the appropriate level of resources to commit to the many government activities. The United States General Accounting Office (GAO) has been no exception. Prompted by the need to control the growth of federal legislative branch appropriations, Congress in 1995 directed a 25 percent reduction in GAO's funding-15 percent to be accomplished in fiscal year 1996 and an additional 10 percent in fiscal year 1997. To an agency that spends about 80 percent of its total budget on personnel, such a reduction resulted in a dramatic change in size. As fiscal year 1997 began in October, GAO employed one-third fewer staff than it did five years earlier and the current workforce is the smallest since World War II. Still, by all indicators, GAO was able, during this uncertain time, to maintain a high level of productivity and exemplary service to Congress. During this period, GAO witnesses testified more than 200 times before congressional committees and produced over 1,000 reports. GAO's work also led to legislative and executive actions that have yielded financial savings and other benefits totaling billions of dollars. In fiscal year 1995 alone, the amount was $15.8 billion-a return of more than $35 for every dollar appropriated to GAO. AIthough final figures are not yet in, fiscal 1996 will likely show another large return. The transformation to a GAO that could achieve such resuits with fewer resources was not easy-nor was it accidental. It was the result of convincing Congress to allow the execution of a carefully orchestrated plan over a two-year period that accomplished Congress' goals for downsizing, but retained the integrity and efficacy of the agency. The GAO experience offers lessons learned, many of which could be instructive to other agencies faced with similar circumstances. Anticipate Change By the early 1990s, it was becoming clear that budgetary restraint was necessary. Based on our work with the federal budget deficit and debt burden, we were well aware of the need to reduce the size and cost of government. The initiatives brought forth by Congress and the Clinton Administration to curtail government spending came as no surprise. After discussions with our appropriations committees, we took steps to prepare the agency for an uncertain future. In February 1992, we imposed a hiring freeze, reducing our personnel strength through normal attrition and minimizing the adverse affect on current employees. In late 1993, we received the authority to offer "buyouts" of up to $25,000 to employees willing to leave the agency voluntarily. About 400 employees departed the agency by this means, significantly reducing future personnel costs. In November 1993, we completed a congressionally mandated study of our field office structure and announced the closure of eight field locations. While all employees in the affected locations were offered job assignments at other GAO units, about half of them chose to leave the agency rather than move. We accelerated the use of technology to help reduce costs. Video conferencing was introduced agency-wide starting in 1992; in the following years, all GAO offices were connected to an agency-wide computer network and voice messaging telephone system, adding to workplace efficiencies. In early 1995, the Comptroller General announced a major initiative to reengineer the basic processes used by GAO to conduct audits and evaluations. The goal was a more efficient process that would better meet our customers' needs. All of these steps were taken or underway before it became clear in May of 1995 that Congress would direct the 25 percent reduction in GAO's budget, to be absorbed in fiscal years 1996 and 1997. …


The authors outline a psychometric analysis of effects of violating the independence assumption underlying the process-dissociation procedure. That analysis distinguishes between process dependence and aggregation bias. Process dependence results when subjects rely on a strategy that makes recollection dependent on automatic influences of memory and is reflected by a correlation that can only be imagined, not observed. Aggregation bias results when parameters from a subject-item specific psychometric model are estimated by aggregating across observed subject and item data. Quantifying the magnitude of aggregation bias also requires speculation about a correlation that is not directly observed. Easily observed correlations calculated from aggregated estimates of automatic and recollective processes over subjects or items cannot be used to diagnose process dependence and are of limited utility for diagnosing aggregation bias. A postscript responds to T. Curran and D. L. Hintzman's (1997) reply.


The stannides Nd3Pd5Sn5 and Gd3Pd4.96(1)Sn5 were obtained by arc-melting of the elements. Nd3Pd5Sn5 and Gd3Pd4.96(1)Sn5 crystallize with the monoclinic Sm3Pd4.95Sn5 type structure, space group C2/m. Both structures were refined from single crystal diffractometer data: a = 1729.5(4), b = 454.51(8), c = 1428.2(3) pm, β = 99.71(2)°, wR2 = 0.0689, 2220 F2 values, 82 variables for Nd3Pd5Sn5 and a = 1712.2(2), b = 450.36(9) c = 1412.0(3) pm, β = 99.804(2)°, wR2 = 0.0526, 1834 F2 values, 83 variables for Gd3Pd4.96(1)Sn5. The Pd2 site of the gadolinium compound showed site occupancy of only 95.8(7) %. The palladium and tin atoms in these monoclinic stannides build up complex three-dimensional [Pd5Sn5]δ– polyanionic networks, which leave cavities for the three crystallographically independent rare earth sites: RE1@Pd6Sn8, RE2@Pd7Sn8, and RE3@Pd6Sn9. The networks are stabilized by Pd–Sn, Pd–Pd as well as Sn–Sn bonding. The rare earth atoms bind to the networks via shorter RE–Pd contacts. The Gd3Pd4.96(1)Sn5 crystal showed an adherent second domain, which consisted of GdPdSn: TiNiSi type, Pnma, a = 725.6(3), b = 461.3(3), c = 790.6(3) pm, wR2 = 0.0973, 431 F2 values, 20 variables.


A method for determination of trace iodine in tea samples by inductively coupled-plasma mass spectrometry was adopted after pretreating tea samples by microwave digestion with nitrate and hydrogen peroxide,correcting the matrix effects and signal drift by addition internal standard 115In.The recovery was 92.5%~108.3%;the detection limit was 0.010 μg/g;the relative standard deviation was 2.3%~3.6%.This method can meet the requirement of analyzing trace iodine in plant samples.


This article analyzes the application advantages and application process of computer big data in Internet learning. The author studies the specific applications of computer big data in online live broadcast, online interaction, online search, and online software. The author puts forward the optimization measures of how to do a good job in guiding students, optimizing course learning mode, and strengthening the training of teachers' strength. The purpose of this article is to give full play to the application value of computer big data and continue to optimize the Internet learning model.


In 2002, we reported that sweetpotato leaves contained six caffeic acid derivatives, namely, caffeic (CA), chlorogenic (5-O-caffeoylquinic acid, ChA), 3,4-di-O-caffeoylquinic (3,4-diCQA), 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic (3,5-diCQA), 4,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic (4,5-diCQA), and 3,4,5-tri-O-caffeoylquinic (3,4,5-triCQA) acids, which are known to have many physiological functions. A new sweetpotato cultivar 'Suioh' was developed for use of its tops as an edible green by KONARC. It is important to analyze the caffeic acid derivatives efficiently with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in order to continue developing or selecting new cultivars with higher contents of these compounds in their tops. For this purpose, a short column (4.6 i.d. × 75 mm) packed with small ODS particles (3 μm) was used without replacing the conventional HPLC apparatus and the time for one analysis per sample was decreased to 26 min, from 90 min, which was the analysis time reported in 2002. With the new HPLC conditions, we could quantify the six caffeic acid derivatives in lyophilized leaf samples from 529 sweetpotato cultivars, which compose approximately one-third of the cultivars maintained at KONARC.


The present invention relates to a press-contact (1) and manufacturing method of the piezoelectric incoming contact. Press-contact (1) the contact body (3) has a the contact member and the two legs formed integrally (4), these legs, formed by non-cutting separate It is expanded in and pressed region are separated (6) by the surface, being spaced from each other. Furthermore, it provided the leading end portion following the press-fitting region (6) (7), the tip portion is formed by the free ends of the legs (4) extending narrowing a distance towards each other.


Purpose: CT image reconstruction techniques have two major categories: analytical reconstruction (AR) method and iterative reconstruction (IR) method. AR reconstructs images through analytical formulas, such as filtered backprojection (FBP) in 2D and Feldkamp-Davis-Kress (FDK) method in 3D, which can be either mathematically exact or approximate. On the other hand, IR is often based on the discrete forward model of X-ray transform and formulated as a minimization problem with some appropriate image regularization method, so that the reconstructed image corresponds to the minimizer of the optimization problem. This work is to investigate the fused analytical and iterative reconstruction (AIR) method.
Methods: Based on IR with L1-type image regularization, AIR is formulated with a AR-specific preconditioner in the data fidelity term, which results in the minimal change of the solution algorithm that replaces the adjoint X-ray transform by the filtered X-ray transform. As a proof-of-concept 2D example of AIR, FBP is incorporated into tensor framelet (TF) regularization based IR, and the formulated AIR minimization problem is then solved through split Bregman method with GPU-accelerated X-ray transform and filtered adjoint X-ray transform.
Conclusion: AIR, the fused Analytical and Iterative Reconstruction method, is proposed with a proof-of-concept 2D example to synergize FBP and TF-regularized IR, with improved image resolution and contrast for experimental data. The potential impact of AIR is that it offers a general framework to develop various AR enhanced IR methods, when neither AR nor IR alone is sufficient.


We experimentally demonstrate that indium selenide (In2Se3), a III−VI group layered chalcogenide compound, can be used as a saturable absorber (SA) for a wavelength-switchable vector-soliton fiber laser. The modulation depth of the In2Se3-based SA (In2Se3-SA), fabricated by incorporating In2Se3 nanosheets with polyvinyl alcohol, is up to 14%. By inserting the In2Se3-SA into fiber laser, solitons switched at wavelengths of ~1558 and ~1530 nm, with the duration of ~1.88 and ~1.76 ps respectively, can be obtained by adjusting the polarization controller and the pump power. Further investigations demonstrate that the achieved solitons are polarization-locked vector conventional solitons, which reveals that the In2Se3 can serves as a polarization-independent SA. The results indicate that the III−VI group chalcogenide compounds, including In2Se3, could be developed as an alternative for ultrafast pulse generations, particularly, vector-soliton pulse.


ions in parallel with concretions: F |C = (F (fst C))|(snd C). Abstractions in parallel with processes: F |P = λx ((F x)|P ). Concretions in parallel with processes: C|P = (fst C, (snd C)|P ). The remaining cases are given symmetrically. Processes P , Q of type P will—up to bisimilarity—be sums of prefixed terms, and by Proposition 8.7, their parallel composition satisfies the obvious expansion law. Ambient creation can be defined recursively in the higher-order language: m[P ] = [P > τ.x⇒ τ.m[x]] + Σn[P > in n.x⇒ mvin n!.(m[x],nil)] + Σn[P > out n.x⇒ mvout n!.(m[x],nil)] + [P > mvout m!.y ⇒ τ.(fst y|m[snd y])] + open m?.P + mvin m?.λy.m[P |y] . The denotations of ambients are determined by their capabilities: an ambient m[P ] can perform the internal (τ) actions of P , enter a parallel ambient (mvin n!) if called upon to do so by an in n-action of P , exit an ambient n (mvout n!) if P so requests through an out n-action, be exited if P so requests through an mvout m!-action, be opened (open m?), or be entered by an ambient (mvin m?); initial actions of other forms are restricted away. Ambient creation is at least as complicated as parallel composition. This should not be surprising given that ambient creation corresponds intuitively to putting a process behind (so in parallel with) a wall or membrane which if unopened mediates in the communications the process can do, converting some actions to others and restricting some others away. The tree-containment structure of ambients is captured in the chain of open m?'s that they can perform. By the properties of prefix match (Exercise 8.8, items 1-4), there is an expansion theorem for ambient creation. For a process P with P ∼ ΣαΣi∈I(α)α.Pi, where α ranges over atomic actions of ambients, m[P ] ∼ Σi∈I(τ)τ.m[Pi] + ΣnΣi∈I(in n)mvin n!.(m[Pi],nil) + ΣnΣi∈I(out n)mvout n!.(m[Pi],nil) + Σi∈I(mvout m!)τ.(fst Pi|m[snd Pi]) + open m?.P + mvin m?.(λy.m[P |y]) . 8.6.5 Message Passing HOPLA is a new language and the range of its expressivity is not yet fully explored. Presumably it can express message passing as found in SPL and LINDA. But this has not been done yet. Exercise 8.18 * Simplify SPL to a simple message-passing language, so it has a fixed set of names, no new-name generation, and messages which do not involve encryption. Can you encode this simplified SPL in HOPLA? [I'd be interested in seeing any (partial) successes.] 2 132 CHAPTER 8. MOBILE PROCESSES


Abstract The metastable austenitic steel X6CrNi-Nb18-10 (AISI 347) will partly transform to α'-martensite under mechanical loading at room temperature. In order to determine the influence of loading conditions on deformation-induced martensitic transformation, a thorough surface preparation is required for the samples to be analyzed, ensuring that a martensite-free sample surface is achieved prior to mechanical loading. In this paper, two preparation techniques were compared, focusing in particular on the final preparation step, which is polishing. Measurements using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) have revealed that large α'-martensite volume fractions of more than 20 % are present on the prepared sample surface after vibratory polishing. However, they can be removed almost completely by electrolytic polishing and chemical etching respectively.


The purpose of this article is to provide a review of the published literature on the efficacy and perception of inclusion for students with mild disabilities at the secondary level. In this review, ten studies were obtained, reviewed, and synthesized. The studies reviewed indicated mixed results have been found regarding the differential efficacy of an inclusive environment to a resource environment on a number of different dependent variables. Further concerns and challenges are raised regarding aspects of implementation of inclusive programs. Future research issues and implications for both teachers and students with mild disabilities at the secondary level are discussed.


This paper describes a simple analytical model for top piston ring lubrication. The model is constructed using the open‐end boundary condition hypothesis, with an assumption of minimum hydrodynamic pressure in the effective ring length equal to the saturation pressure. The analysis confirms that not all of the ring length is involved in the case of hydrodynamic lubrication, and the effective length is found to be less than 40–50% under some operating conditions. The results are in agreement with previous investigations.


Regeneration of the T-cell population proceeds normally along two different pathways, in which the thymic-dependent pathway accounts for the more durable reconstitution of the T-cell compartment, and generates a more diverse TCR repertoire. Thus thymus function serves as a direct index to understand cellular immune function and potential of long-term TCR Vβ repertoire reconstitution. The complexity of TCR repertoire is generated in the thymus by regular recombination of series of gene fragments of TCR α or β chains. During these process, by-products of rearrangements are generated in the form of signal joint T-cell receptor excision DNA circles(sjTRECs), as sjTRECs are stable extrachromosomal annular DNA, are not replicated while cell dividing, and their existence suggests functional TCR generation. Thus thymic function can be evaluated by measuring sjTRECs in peripheral blood. At present, the total recent thymic output function is evaluated by quantitating δRec-ψJα sjTRECs, but it can not evaluate particular thymic emigrants of different Vα or Vβ subfamily naive T cells. As TCR Vα and Vβ naive T cells include many subfamilies which play different immune roles, and the complexity of TCR repertoire is an important factor for cellular immune reconstitution. Our previous studies had showed that the recent thymic output function in patients with AML was significant decrease by quantitative detection of δRec-ψJα sjTRECs. To further estimate the recent thymic emigrants of different TCR Vβ subfamily naive T cells, this study was designed to detect the existence of 23 TCR Vβ subfamily sjTRECs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) by using 23 Vβ subfamily special primers (including 2Dβ1 sense primers and 23 Vβ subfamily antisense primers). TCR 23 Vβ-Dβ 1 sjTRECs were separately amplified in genomic DNA from 5×10 4 and 1×10 4 PBMCs of samples (10 cases of normal individuals and 32 cases of the different FAB subtypes of AML patients) to estimate the frequencies of TCR 23 Vβ-Dβ1 sjTRECs by using semi-nest PCR. The results indicated that the frequencies of 23 Vβ-Dβ1 sjTRECs were different at the same cellular concentration, and the higher cellular concentration the higher frequency of Vβ subfamily sjTRECs. The number of detectable Vβ subfamily sjTRECs was (5.09±3.28) and (2.59±2.06) in 5×10 4 and 1×10 4 PBMCs from AML patients, as compared with (13.7±2.67) and (5.50±2.07) from normal individuals, and the differences were significant (both p =0.000). About 5/23(22%) of Vβ-Dβ1 sjTRECs were detected in 5×10 4 PBMCs from AML patients, and the frequencies of 13 Vβ subfamily sjTRECs (including Vβ1,Vββ,Vβ3,Vβ4,Vβ5, Vβ9,Vβ10,Vβ12,Vβ13,Vβ14,Vβ17,Vβ22,Vβ24-Dβ1 sjTRECs) were significantly lower than those from normal individuals, among which the lowest were Vβ10 and Vβ14-Dβ1 sjTRECs, the most frequency was Vβ21. But the difference was not significant within the different FAB subtypes of AML patients. It was negative correlation between age and the number of detectable Vβ subfamily sjTRECs in patients with AML, and patients who were 4 PBMCs level (r=−0.481, p =0.005). Taken together, the recent thymic emigrants of 23 Vβ subfamily naive T cells were absent to a different extent or lower level among patients with AML. These results suggested that AML patients had severe cellular immunodeficiency and the capacity and potential of long-term TCR Vβ repertoire reconstitution were dramatically lowered.


To investigate the role of ultrasound‐targeted microbubbles in the homing effect of bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and in the therapeutic efficacy of BMSCs on the ischemic stroke. A middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model was induced by plug wire preparation. Seventy‐two hours after MCAO, the treatment of BMSCs with ultrasound‐targeted microbubble was assessed via modified neurological severity score (mNSS), infarct volumes, and cerebral edema. In addition, immunofluorescence was performed to analyze the homing effect of BMSCs with ultrasound‐targeted microbubble. We find that BMSCs with ultrasound‐targeted microbubble (BMMSCs with ultrasound‐targeted microbubble [USMM] group) could significantly ameliorate mNSS, infarct volumes, and cerebral edema of MCAO compared with phosphate buffer saline group, BMSCs alone group (BMSC group), and BMSCs with Ultrasound group (Ultrasound group). Immunofluorescence analysis demonstrated that ultrasound‐targeted microbubbles promoted the accumulation of BMSCs in rat MCAO brains. Our findings demonstrated that ultrasound‐targeted microbubble could be an effective approach for the accumulation of BMSCs on ischemic stroke, and further improved the therapeutic efficacy of BMSCs on MCAO.


Abstract This paper reports on a collaborative multimedia project between the Hilton College of Hotel and Restaurant Management and the College of Education at the University of Houston. The conceptual framework that supports this approach is based on action learning theory and constructivist philosophy. Graduate students in the instructional technology program in the College of Education worked in collaborative design teams with a client, a faculty member from the College of Hotel and Restaurant Management, to design and develop four modules of Internet-based courseware for an actual instructional context in an undergraduate class in human resource management. The course instructor from the College of Education served as a facilitator and project manager. Data was gathered from both the students and the client-faculty member through a variety of methods that included pre- and post-course surveys, participant interviews, journals, and observations. Students expressed satisfaction with working on an actual project with a real client and noted that the skills learned through the collaborative process were frequently used after the course in job-related situations. In the beginning of the development period, there was some confusion and uncertainty about individual and team roles as well as expectations about the client-faculty member feedback and participation. Team building skills were noted as a needed addition to the curriculum. At the end of the development phase, both the students and the client-faculty member expressed a strong satisfaction with the process of combining both technical skills and practice in an authentic context.


Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB) is the most applied technique in the treatment of severe obesity worldwide. However, its impact on anthropometric parameters and the risk for cardiometabolic diseases in obese patients is uncertain. To evaluate anthropometric clinical parameters and the evolution of risk factors for obesity-related diseases in individuals of both sexes undergoing RYGB. Sixty-nine adults subjects from both sexes submitted to RYGB surgery treatment were divided into 3 groups: G1(13 months, n=24); G2 (13 and 25 months, n=21), and G3 (25 and 37 months, n=24). Sociodemographic and anthropometric information before and after surgery were collected. The abdominal perimeter was used in the classification of cardiometabolic risk and the BMI was used for the risk of obesity-related diseases. Hypotheses were tested by Student's t-test and ANOVA, and the significance level adopted was 5%. The average age was 36.0±10.0 years, with 69.6% being male and 30.4% female. Anthropometric parameters (weight, BMI, and abdominal circumference) were higher among women, except for weight loss and percentage of weight loss. There was a difference in weight loss between the sexes in the moments before and after RYGB. There was a decrease in the risk of disease due to obesity and cardiovascular diseases after RYGB. Weight loss and %WL were greater years by year in the short term of 3 years after surgery. RYGB proved to be an effective strategy for both sexes in combating obesity, providing in the short term a significant improvement in clinical-anthropometric parameters and reduction of risk factors for obesity-related cardiometabolic diseases.


The microcirculation is capable of precise blood flow regulation enabling fine control over the distribution of oxygen (O2) to tissues in the body. The objective is to determine the role of capillaries in sensing and reporting local O2 concentration within tissue to upstream arterioles. It is hypothesized that red blood cells (RBCs) release ATP into the vessel lumen following O2 desaturation; ATP in the plasma binds to purinergic receptors on the endothelium triggering a signalling cascade that leads to a conducted vasodilatory response. Luminal application of ATP is known to initiate conducted dilation in arterioles yet whether or not this conducted response is present in capillaries has yet to be demonstrated.


ABSTRACT A new source of digital elevation data, the advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection radiometer (ASTER) global digital elevation model (GDEM), has been freely available since 2009. It provides enormously greater coverage of the Arctic than previous satellite derived 'global' digital elevation models, extending to a latitude of 83 °N in contrast to 60 °N. The GDEM is described as a preliminary, research grade product. This paper investigates its accuracy in a number of specifically Arctic landscapes, including ice and snow, boreal forest, tundra and unvegetated terrain, using test sites in Svalbard, Iceland, Norway and Russia. Semivariogram analysis is used to characterise the magnitude and spatial correlation of errors in the GDEM products from the test sites. The analysis suggests that the horizontal resolution of the GDEM data is around 130 m, somewhat coarser than the sampling interval of 1 second of latitude and longitude. The vertical accuracy is variable, and the factors influencing it have not been systematically explored. However, it appears that the likely accuracy can be estimated from 'stacking number' data supplied with the elevation data. The stacking number is the number of independent digital elevation models averaged to generate the supplied product. Provided that this number is greater than around 6 the data have an rms accuracy of typically 5–10 m.


In a constant search for market share and economies of scale, financial services firms continuously strive to make their core processing systems more capable and efficient. Only recently, however, has information technology had a significant impact on the productivity of the front office and the executive suite. Today's business intelligence applications bring the promise of relevant, timely, and credible information and analysis to decision makers at all levels in the organization. The best of these deliver this information on demand and in a customized format tailored to the specific user. Examples of these applications include Customer Relationship Management (CRM), Enterprise Risk Management (ERM), Planning & Forecasting, Balanced Scorecards, and Enterprise Portals. These applications are having a dramatic impact on white-collar productivity by making knowledge easily accessible and improving the quality of the decisions being supported. In fact, we now tend to refer to these new beneficiaries of the information age as "knowledge workers". What all of these applications have in common is that they are fueled by source data from the core transaction processing systems that allow the firm to deliver its products and services. What many bankers have found is that their investments in decision support technology often become compromised by an inability to completely satisfy their insatiable appetite for quality data. In other words, no matter how much you spend on sophisticated analytics, it seems you cannot buy the data to feed them. In fact, a sophisticated data analysis tool will often unintentionally expose inconsistencies and errors in your core processing databases that would otherwise go undetected. This, in turn, tends to make decision-makers lose confidence in the credibility of the analytics and renders the application nearly useless in the eyes of its intended audience. For example, a comprehensive CRM application must capture and aggregate all activity for a specific customer across all of the systems and processes that touch that customer. If all those systems identify that customer differently, a composite analysis of that customer relationship may omit certain services or include irrelevant activity from another customer with a similar name. COMMON ISSUES WITH DATA QUALITY There are many historical reasons for this struggle with data quality. First of all, many of the core processing systems that we mine for the data, so called "legacy applications," are old enough that they were designed with one overriding consideration: to make the most efficient use of the scarce and expensive computing resources that they consumed. Any information that was not required to process and account for that specific product or transaction was not retained. Generally, the primary requirement was data that had to be passed to the general ledger to satisfy external reporting requirements. This was usually limited to legal entity and ledger-account level identification. Another reason these legacy systems often fail to provide useful data is that the reporting and extraction facilities lacked the flexibility to support customization mandated by the creation of new products. For example, if an old demand deposit system was modified to handle checking with interest, many of the previously created custom reports from that system instantly became inoperative. Some were never revived as development resources were shifted to the next vital processing enhancement required to remain competitive in the deregulated environment. Deregulation, merger, acquisition, and syndication activity present another ongoing threat to an institution's information supply. Many reporting applications are customized for the institution's specific, often homegrown application systems. The alien databases that accompany acquired companies and portfolios inevitably require changes to that reporting architecture. …


The article is devoted to the research into the philosophical legal category freedom. In jurisprudence the concept has one of the key meanings. The author investigates the nature of the category, different approaches to the content of the concept, legal regulation in the Russian and international legislation.


A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a self-configuring network of mobile devices connected by wireless links. The optimization of energy consumption and stability of the node have been identified as key problems in mobile ad hoc networks. Clustering of mobile nodes among separate domains has been proposed as an efficient approach to address those issues. This paper presents an effective algorithm that prolongs the network lifetime by selecting cluster heads in mobile ad hoc networks using Ant Colony Optimization (ACO). The algorithm considers various parameters such as residual energy, energy drain rate, mobility factor and overall communication workload. In the simulation study a comparison was conducted to measure the performance of our algorithm with Weighted Clustering Algorithm (WCA) in terms of energy consumption, communication workload and network lifetime. The result shows that our proposed work performs better than existing one and it results in more energy efficient and stabilized clusters.


Objectives: The oral infection by human papillomavirus (HPV) is considered a direct cause of squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity and oropharynx. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the correlation between HPV infection and the oncogenic progression of oral lesions and to assess the tumor regulation mechanisms that are activated following infection. Material and methods: a histological and immunohistochemical study of 50 selected samples from our files was conducted, in which the expression of the adhesion protein E-cadherin, the proliferation marker Ki67, the tumor suppressor proteins p16 and p21 and the tumor suppressor gene p53 were assessed. Results: HPV infection causes changes in the normal cell cycle of infected tissue and cytological changes. Through its mitogenic power that increases cell activity and activates cellular proliferation. The p53 tumor suppressor gene activates the p21 tumor inhibitory protein. Overexpression of tumor inhibitory p16 occurs simultaneously with p21 overexpression. Conclusion: The results support previous studies showing that HPV has mitogenic power and its presence activates cell mechanisms that control cell proliferation and inhibit progression to cancer.p16ink4a determined by immunohistochemistry allows differentiating high or low-risk lesions. We believe in the benefits of oral HPV type screening and vaccination.


Abstract:This article focuses on the tensions between northern and southern U.S. regional identities in the autobiographical writings of David Sedaris. It begins with a consideration of Brad Watson's short story "Eykelboom," in which a young boy identified as a "Yankee" becomes an object of hostile fascination to a group of southern boys in a newly constructed suburban neighborhood, circa 1965-1980. It then turns to Sedaris, one of America's most prominent culturally northern writers who hail from the South. After a brief biographical sketch, it considers a selection of his essays including "You Can't Kill The Rooster," "I Like Guys," "Get Your Ya-Yas Out," and "Memory Laps." Ultimately, this article argues that the experience of southern Yankees does much to destabilize the hegemony of "northern" as uninflected, unremarkable "American." Unable to fit the cultural expectations of either North or South, Sedaris shows us how fraught both of those categories always were.


A novel fault diagnosis model for rotating machinery based on Elman neural network was proposed.By taking advantages of Empirical Mode Decomposition(EMD)in the fault feature extraction and the Elman neural network in fault pattern recognition,fault vibration signals were decomposed into several stationary Intrinsic Mode Functions(IMFs).Then,the instantaneous amplitude L2-norms of the IMFs with modulation characteristics were computed and regarded as the input characteristic vector of the trained Elman neural network for fault diagnosis.Example of deep groove ball bearing fault diagnosis validated the effectiveness of the proposed fault diagnosis model.


Tubal ligation was initially proposed to prevent serious and foreseeable accidents related to pregnancy. The techniques and indications for tubal ligation have subsequently multiplied. Physicians must assess their own attitudes toward sterilization seekers, taking into account the moral and legal aspects, the risks of all surgery, and the uncertain prospects for reversal. Surgical sterilization should remain an exceptional procedure, reserved for women who have exhausted other medical resources. No law in France specifically addresses the legality of male or female sterilization, but physicians performing sterilizations have some risk of being charged with assault and battery. Laparotomy and minilaparotomy, except in postpartum sterilization, are usually done in France only when there are contraindications to laparoscopic sterilization. Among laparoscopic techniques, electrocoagulation and thermocoagulation are not often used because of the risk of serious complications. Yoon rings and Hulka-Clemens clips are preferred because of the lessened risk of accidents and improved potential reversibility. Laparoscopic sterilization is the technique of choice except during the postpartum or in very obese women, women who have undergone repeated abdominal surgery, or with cardiorespiratory complications. Vaginal techniques are another alternative in case of contraindications to laparoscopy, but they are contraindicated in case of a large uterus, infection, or endometriosis. The medical indications for surgical sterilization are becoming rare because of progress in preventive medicine, nutrition, and hygiene, and the appearance of new treatments and methods of prenatal surveillance. The principal indication at present is a scarred uterus following several cesareans. Other medical indications are neoplasia, severe cardiac insufficiency, and serious psychiatric disorders. Genetic indications are also exceptional. The greatest demand for sterilization is among women desiring contraceptive convenience, but some 10-20% of women sterilized in the absence of specific medical indications experience regret and 1-5% request reversal. Risk factors for reversal include young age of the woman, marital problems, sterilization during an obstetrical event, low parity, poor information on contraception, no previous contraceptive usage, incomplete information on sterilization and its consequences, and intrusion of the physician in the sterilization decision.


Hole-transporting materials (HTMs) are necessary for highly efficient perovskite solar cells (PSCs) to enable the hole carriers extraction and transport. There are designed varieties of HTMs so far, including small molecules and polymers. However, most of them have to be doped to get the high mobility and conductivity. Otherwise, the dopant will deteriorate the long-term stability and efficiency, which is a bottleneck for the commercialization of PSCs. The development for non-doping HTMs, which can replace the traditional doped HTMs, brings great hope to this field. Among them, acceptor (A)-donor (D)-acceptor (A) type non-doping HTMs are an important portion. In this min-review, we summarize all the A-D-A type non-doping HTMs and their properties.


Any discussion of minority ethnic group food habits would be incomplete without including the Chinese who have a food culture very different from the indigenous culture; a food culture which has remained virtually unchanged, regardless of the period of time spent in Britain. From the beginning the Chinese have been involved in the catering industry and although very nearly every High Street in the country has a Chinese restaurant or take‐away food shop, the majority know very little about the Chinese or the role of food in Chinese culture.


The BODE Index is a composite score that predicts risk of death in patients with COPD. Lung Volume Reduction Surgery (LVRS) provides a survival advantage for select patients, as shown in the National Emphysema Treatment Trial (NETT). LVRS improves BODE score, and prior to NETT postoperative BODE was shown to correlate with survival. This finding has not yet been replicated post-NETT. Aims We hypothesized that LVRS done using NETT selection criteria would reduce BODE and that pre and postoperative BODE would associate with survival. Methods Data was collected prospectively on all patients undergoing LVRS from 2004-2015. Outcomes studied were surgical mortality, BODE preoperatively, at 6 months, 1 year and 2 years, and survival at 5 years. Comparison of BODE score and their changes were assessed using two-sided t-test. Cox regression was used to evaluate impact of BODE score on the hazard rate. Results 101 patients (40% male) underwent bilateral LVRS from 2004-2015. Preoperative data showed a mean FEV 1 of 26% predicted, mean 6MWT of 375m, mean MMRC of 2.58, and mean BMI of 24.5, for a mean BODE of 5.07. After LVRS, BODE improved a mean -2.1, -1.9 and -1.4 at 6 months, 1 year and 2 years. 6 month mortality was 0%. Both preoperative BODE and BODE at 6 months had a significant effect on survival at 5 years, with a HR of 1.48 (95% CI 1.01-2.18, p=.047) and a HR of 1.69 (95% CI 1.18-2.42, p=.004). Those who later died had a significantly higher BODE 6 months post-LVRS (4.17 vs. 2.78, p=0.004). Conclusions LVRS is a safe procedure with low surgical mortality when done using NETT selection criteria. LVRS lowers BODE score, and both pre and postoperative BODE remain important predictors of survival.


ADIFOR is a source translator that, given a collection of subroutines to compute a function f, generates Fortran 77 code for computing the derivatives of this function. This paper describes step by step how to use ADIFOR to generate derivative code. It also describes common misunderstandings as well as workarounds for current shortcomings. Familiarity with UNIX{trademark} and Fortran 77 is assumed. Also desirable is a basic understanding of automatic differentiation. ADIFOR is a research project, and thus likely to be subject to many changes. This document will change to reflect the ADIFOR changes. New users are advised to make sure that the manual version in hand is the current up-to-date one.


In the Lambidaro sub-watershed, precisely on Jalan Colonel Sulaiman Amin, the problem of flooding continues, especially when it rains. The occurrence of flooding around the canal along the Colonel Sulaiman Amin road drainage is caused by several factors, one of which is the capacity of the reservoir which is not able to control the flood discharge optimally so that water cannot overflow into the canal. and eventually caused flooding in the surrounding area. This study aims to determine whether the drainage capacity is still able to drain surface runoff water or not and determine alternative flood control solutions for Colonel Sulaiman Amin Street. The method used is the EPA Model SWMM (Environmental Protection Agency Storm Water Management Model). From this study, the simulation results obtained from EPA SWMM showed alternative solutions offered such as the use of flood pumps, retention ponds, and optimization of drainage, the most effective solution of the six flood mitigation experiments was channel optimization in the form of changing the shape and size of the channel 7 to a square channel with a width of 1 .5 meters. This alternative is 5.26% more effective with an effective percentage of 85.538% and can drain 36.36% more water flow than drainage with a widening of 1.1 meters.


Aims: This study aims to analyze the predictor in preoperative brain computed tomographic angiography (CTA) for final infarct and outcome in postendovascular thrombectomy patient. Subjects and Methods: 52 patients were retrospectively reviewed. The Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score (ASPECTS) comparison between preoperative noncontrast computed tomography (NCCT) and 24-h NCCT as well as preoperative CTA source image (CTA-SI) and 24-h NCCT were performed. Factors associated with increased ASPECTS and clinical outcome were evaluated. Results: Preoperative NCCT ASPECTS = 24-h NCCT in 23%. Whereas, 46% showed preoperative CTA-SI ASPECTS = 24-h NCCT. Moreover, 40.4% showed 24-h NCCT ASPECTS > preoperative CTA-SI (increased ASPECTS). The two significant factors associated with increased ASPECTS are thrombolysis in cerebral infarct score 2b/3 (P = 0.02) and good collateral status (P = 0.02). Finally, good clinical outcome was associated with age <60 (P = 0.04), preoperative CTA-SI ASPECTS >5 (P = 0.01), good collaterals status (P = 0.02), and increased ASPECTS (P = 0.05). Conclusions: Preoperative brain CTA provided the necessary factors that are associated with good clinical outcomes, which are CTA-SI ASPECTS > 5, good collateral status, and increased ASPECTS.


a disproportionate amount of attention from scientists of all kinds. This may be partly because, as in my own case, they provide a welcome retreat from the heat of the lowlands, and partly because they are more readily accessible than either the Andes or the New Guinea mountains, but it is principally because they present such a wealth of interesting features of all kinds. Their geology ranges from the crystalline horst of the Ruwenzori range, to volcanoes of various ages and degrees of dissection,


Surveillance Network". The ambition behind this initiative is to rationalise and centralise the existing programmes under which R&D is performed at national or large river basin scales, and more generally, the R&D studies driven by the national "Plan against Micropollutants in Water" (20102021) [1]. The Network is managed and funded by the French Ministry of Ecological and Solidarity Transition, the French Agency for Biodiversity (AFB) and the six large river basin water agencies, with contributions from French overseas river basin authorities and national research institutes' co-funding. Seven French research and technical structures currently contribute to the activities developed through the Network (see Figure 1), with some coordination tasks performed by AQUAREF, which is the French Reference Laboratory on monitoring of the aquatic environment (associating BRGM, IFREMER, Ineris, IRSTEA and LNE).


This paper deals with connected relationship change s. The case under study is customer relationships of the audit firm Arthur Andersen, wh ere the triggering changes are the Enron scandal, its consequences for Arthur Andersen and D eloitte & Touche's acquisition of Swedish Arthur Andersen. The paper targets connecte d changes on a company-to-company and on a person-to-company level for thirty-five cu stomer companies and illustrates how a connected change may affect several customer relati onsh ps simultaneously. The paper also introduces a method to map relationship changes der ived from accounting data. Results show that twelve of the thirty-five investi gated customer companies changed auditing firms during the years following the Enron scandal and Deloitte & Touche's acquisition of Arthur Andersen. During the same time period, fourt een customer companies shifted auditors. A majority of those companies continuing to Deloitt e & Touche remained with their previous auditors. The results indicate that changes may hav e se ere effects on connected customer relationships, both on a company-to-company and on a person-to-company level. Compared to earlier research, the study indicates some surpr i ing results regarding personal ties; if the auditor decided to leave the acquiring party, custo mers that followed the auditor to a new audit firm soon shifted auditor.