Digital holography enables the capture of phase and amplitude from a single camera frame with high sensitivity. Displacements induced by a shear-wave diffuse field are acquired at the surface of a scattering sample. From the acquisitions, the stiffness of the sample can be mapped using a time-reversal-based algorithm. The coupling of digital holography with a time-reversal method achieves full-field quantitative elastography without the need of a controlled or synchronized source of mechanical wave. We present here the validation of the method on tissue-mimicking polymer samples and latest results on ex-vivo and in-vivo biological samples.


In the article the basic directions of improvement of the institute of exemption from criminal responsibility in national legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The authors note that the rules for exemption from criminal liability were highlighted in an independent institution with the entry into force of the Fundamentals of Criminal Legislation of the USSR and the Union Republics of 1958 and the Criminal Code of the Kazakh SSR, 1959. The comparative characteristic of the types of exemption from criminal responsibility, enshrined in the Criminal Code of the Kazakh SSR 1959, the Criminal Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan in 1997 and 2014. Analyzes new types of exemption from criminal liability: if the conditions and procedural arrangements with the establishment of the guarantee. Modern trends in Kazakhstan's criminal policy is to preserve the common types of exemption from criminal responsibility of the Soviet period and the constant increase in the number of types of release, according to the appreciation of the institution by the legislator as an effective legal instrument for crime prevention.


During the Jurassic and Early Cretaceous, Arctic seas were linked with the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Warm ocean currents penetrated from the Atlantic Ocean, resulting in greater abundance and diffusion of the marine fauna in the Atlantic part of the Arctic; this was especially pronounced during the Late Jurassic. The North Pole, as confirmed by paleomagnetic and paleobiogeographic data, was north of the Bering Strait during the whole Jurassic and Neocomian (earliest Cretaceous). The marine fauna was only weakly differentiated during the Hettangian, Sinemurian, and early Pliensbachian (Early Jurassic). The Tethyan and Boreal provinces developed; the latter, situated around the pole, was characterized by sparser cephalopod associations and by the appearance of endemic forms (up to the family level) in the benthos. During the late Pliensbachian, faunal differentiation reached the province level. The Boreal region was differentiated into West European and Arctic provinces, which continued to exist during the Toarcian and early Aalenian. During the Middle Jurassic (from late Aalenian time), faunal diversity in the Boreal region increased sharply, with Arctic and North American provinces differentiated within this region. The West European province appears to have xtended beyond the limits of the Boreal region. During the Callovian, Oxfordian, and Kimeridgean (Late Jurassic), the Boreal region again tended to form two subregions: the Arctic region which included the North Siberian, Chukotsk-Canadian, and North American provinces; and the Boreal Atlantic region which included the West European and Urals-Greenland provinces. During the Volgian (Volzhian) and early Berriasian (latest Jurassic, earliest Cretaceous), the Boreal fauna was more isolated from the Tethyan fauna and constituted a Boreal realm with Arctic and Boreal Atlantic regions. The Arctic region included the North-Siberian, Chukotsk-Canadian (around the Pole), and Boreal Pacific provinces, and the Boreal-Atlantic region consisted of the West European, East-European, and Urals-Greenland provinces. During the late Berriasian, Valanginian, and early Hauterivian (Early Cretaceous) the Arctic region extended westward and included the Trans-Uralian region. End_of_Article - Last_Page 2503------------


China English is an English variety used by the native-Chinese people for communication under the specific language environment. China English is quite different from Chinglish which is misused by Chinese people. The present paper tries to make a status confirmation of China English and gives an overview and manifestations of it from the aspects of definition, history and linguistic factors, and finds that China English has the Chinese features unavoidably influenced by both the Chinese language and the way of Chinese thinking and that it possesses the linguistic features shown at the levels of phonology, lexis, syntax and discourse. The paper holds that China English is the combination of Chinese culture and the English language.


probe X-ray microanalyser, are used for the determination of the interaction parameters in this system. It is shown that only when experimental tie line data are incorporated into the thermodynamical computer calculation, the evaluation of the parameters is feasible. It is found that the regular solution model can be used in this system only over a limited temperature range. Nevertheless, when the Ti-Mo parameters are allowed to change with temperature or composition so as to fit the experimental binary diagram, the Ti-Al and Mo-Al parameters that agree with the ternary data are fairly


Along with the development of communication technology, and information system, more and more also made the attendance system, and academic information. The development of a more modern absentee system with respect to the honesty side needs to be built as a substitute for manual absence using paper. Attendance system is at once can be a new standard on attendance system in Education environment. The choice of fingerprint attendance system based on communication technology in the form of SMS is because it is more practical, cheap, and efficient to convey information. Parents do not have to bother anymore come to school just to know the presence or absence of his son / daughter. In the implementation of this application, in the early stages of the user must register their identity by using the application program absenteeism built with PHP programming language, to further stored the absence data into the database My SQL which has integrated SMS Gateway through the SMS sending software that is Gammu. In addition with SMS Gateway technology, parents will be easier to obtain information on the presence of his son / daughter. From the student side, it is hoped that it will foster discipline attitude in time because indirectly this application will grow the mental attitude on time to the students, and it is expected that this application can fix any deficiencies in attendance application that has been implemented earlier.


A positive intramammary lymph node leads to the classification axillary positive and means to be prognostically adverse. Whether or not consecutive conventional axillary dissection is necessary in patients with negative sentinel is discussed in the context of a case report. Because of the lack of data to answer this question it is recommended to register and evaluate all cases with positive intramammary lymph node.


A simple continuous monitor for airborne alpha particles is described. The single-channel system can detect activity concentrations of ten times maximum permissible level for plutonium and gives indication of accumulated activity at 10-minute intervals. The instrument is designed with emphasis on simplicity, reliability, flexibility of use, and ease of decontamination.


In assembly modeling, it is necessary to capture the relative positions of components in the assembly. Many problems are related to constraint representation and its manipulation, such as constraint reduction. This paper formulates the constraints as groups of rigid body transformations and proposes a constraint reduction procedure based on the Lie algebra. This approach is then applied to the constraint representation and reduction in an assembly model. The reduced kinematic model of assembly can be derived by the proposed method for kinematic analysis.


The invention relates to an intelligent traditional Chinese medicine taking device, and belongs to the technical field of medical apparatuses and instruments. The intelligent traditional Chinese medicine taking device comprises an operation cabinet body, a control table is arranged on the upper side of the operation cabinet body, a medicine box opening button is arranged on the control table, a supporting plate is arranged on the back side of the medicine box opening button, and a computer displayer is arranged on the supporting plate; a selecting button is arranged on the front side of the control table, a medicine storing cabinet is arranged on the back side of the operation cabinet body, a protection frame is arranged on the back side of an inspection door, and a protection fence is arranged in the protection frame; a medicine box channel is formed in the right side of the medicine storing cabinet, a separating plate is arranged on the right side of the medicine box channel, a counter is arranged on the right side of the separating plate, a display screen is arranged on the counter, and numeric keys are arranged on the lower side of the display screen; and a medicine falling tube is arranged on the lower side of the medicine box channel, a medicine containing disc is arranged on the lower side of the medicine falling tube, and a medicine groove is formed in the medicine containing disc. The intelligent traditional Chinese medicine taking device is complete in function and convenient to use; when medicines are taken for a patient, time and labor are saved; the intelligent traditional Chinese medicine taking device is scientific and convenient, safe and efficient, and intelligent and accurate; and the work difficulty of medical staff is relieved.


The rotational stabilization of resistive wall modes is analyzed within the single-mode cylindrical model that incorporates the Boozer boundary conditions [A. H. Boozer, Phys. Plasmas 11, 110 (2004)]. The properties implied by this model are elucidated and expressed in terms of the growth rate and toroidal rotation frequency of the mode, which allows easy comparison of the results with experimental observations and predictions of other theories. It is shown that this model predicts the rotational stabilization in the range Cβ<0.5 only, where Cβ≡(β−βnowall)∕(βwall−βnowall) is a measure of the beta gain between the no wall and ideal wall stability limits.


The beast on the cover of September's issue of The CA is a "merlion", the national symbol of Singapore. The merlion may not be a real creature but Singapore's achievements over the last half-century are very real. As one of the world's leading financial centres, the "Lion City" is home to a community of CAs and we hear some of their stories in this month's magazine.


Kant was neither the only nor even the first German philosopher who publicly responded to Hume. Indeed, there were many. But there were none who came as close to appreciatingHume as did Johann Nicolaus Tetens, who, in his two main works, the Über die allgemeine speculativische Philosophie or On General Speculative Philosophy (1775), and the Philosophische Versuche über die menschliche Natur und ihre Entwicklung or Philosophical Essays on Human Nature and itsDevelopment (1?7), not only argued that Hume was a philosophical force to be reckoned with, but also seemed to think that philosophical progress was impossiblewithout an extension and further development ofHumean views. This alone would make him an interesting figure in the history of the reception of Hume's philosophy, but, since Tetens is one of the most important representatives ofempiricism in eighteenthcentury Germany, and since he put forward ideas that demonstrably influenced Kant, he is perhaps still more interesting. In any case, it is most regrettable that he still is so little studied in Germany today, and that he is almost completely unknown in English-speaking countries. Though Lewis White Beck has offered an interesting discussion of Tetens' critique ofHume in his book on Early German Philosophy, and though some Anglo-American Kant scholars are somewhat aware of Tetens' influence upon Kant, his name is almost never mentioned by philosophical scholars concerned with Hume. If this paper were to remind them of Tetens and his possible importance for the discussion of issues raised by Hume, I would be very happy. Nevertheless, I must admit to an ulterior motive, for I am not interested in the relationship ofTetens and Hume per se, but rather in how Tetens' discussion ofHume might have influenced Kant's conception of "Hume's problem." My question is: "What could Kant have learned from Tetens about Hume in 1777, that is, about four years before the publication of his Critique ofPure Reason?" To this end, I shall first briefly review the evidence for Kant's study of Tetens; secondly say something about Tetens' discussion of the self; thirdly sketch his theory of the causal principle as a special case ofhis laws of association; fourthly represent an important part of his theory of objectiveor necessary truth; andfinally try to showhow all ofthismight be significant for our understanding of the development of Kant's position vis a vis Hume.


In arid tropical areas, the soil has to be protected against erosion and the rainwater kept where it falls. Cracks in the soil surface, indicating a structure formation in the soil, provide for an increased filtration. This paper describes ways of increasing the cohesion and permeability of the soil, using organic binding agents. Organic binders derived from plants or roots, such as pectin, gummi and arabicum were utilized. The laboratory tests (Brazilian and Fall Cone Test) and field test results showed that a higher rate of infiltration and cohesion could be obtained. For the covering abstract see IRRD 820605.


This paper has two objectives. First, it attempts to prove that the level of competitiveness can be measured for any entities with different domains—product, firm, industry, nation, bloc, or the globe. It shows that sources of competitiveness are identical for all the entities. The distinguishing feature among these entities is the roles they play in determining the respective levels of competitiveness. Second, the paper suggests that the genuine purpose in our analysis of competitiveness should be to find ways to increase the level of global competitiveness. To identify sources of competitiveness, I propose the nine‐factor model, which encompasses both physical and human factors. These nine factors are classified into four categories —subject, environment, resources, and mechanism —by the roles they play to increase the level of competitiveness. The "integrated model of competitiveness" shows that different classifications of the nine factors take place for different entities. Specifically, as the domain of the entity increases, the scope of resources that subjects can utilize expands and the scope of the uncontrollable environment shrinks. Global competitiveness is not cross‐sectional in nature. I suggest ways to increase the future level of global competitiveness for the better welfare of all humankind.


Clinical studies were performed to assess the clinical outcome of laser assisted endonasal turbinate surgery in long-term. By means of a pulsed Ho:YAG laser emitting at (lambda) equals 2100nm 57 patients suffering form nasal obstruction due to allergic rhinitis and vasomotoric rhinitis were treated under local anesthesia. Furthermore 50 patients were treated by means of light of a diode laser. The light was fed into a fiber being introduced into a fiber guidance system which serves for suction of smoke and pyrolyse products. The distal part of this system could be bent in the range of -5 degrees up to 45 degrees due to the optical axes of the fiber. The study was conducted by a standardized questionnaire, photo documentation, allergy test, mucocilliar function test, rhinomanometry, radiology and histology. Within 2 weeks after laser treatment a significant improvement of nasal airflow correlating to the extent of the ablated turbinate tissue could be determined. This effect lasted up until 1 year post treatment resulting in an improved quality of life in more than 80 percent of the patients. Side effects like nasal dryness and pain were rare, no immediate complications were observed. The total treatment time took 3-8 minutes/turbinate and nasal packing was not necessary after the laser procedure. In conclusion laser treatment by means of the fiber guidance system can be performed as an outpatient procedure under local anesthesia with excellent ablation of soft tissue in a short treatment time with promising results. It will become a time and cost effective treatment modality in endonasal laser surgery.


When he was appointed the government's ICT supremo two years ago, one newspaper said Government Chief Information Officer and Internal Affairs Chief Executive Colin MacDonald was arguably the public sector's most powerful mandarin. In this conversation with Rose Northcott, MacDonald discusses the magnitude of the ICT challenge and how success will mean a fundamental shift in the way things are done in the public sector.


The invention relates to a compound plant essential oil and application thereof. The compound plant essential oil is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2-8 parts of folium artemisiae argyi essential oil, 1-6 parts of lemon grass essential oil and 1-5 parts of lavender essential oil. The compound essential oil with scientific and reasonable proportioning uses pure natural plants as the components, has pleasant volatile oil, can repel cockroaches, contains cooling and antipruritic components, has favorable refreshing effect, and has wide application range.


Based on the broad sense of culture and cultural industry,this article holds that the traditional cultural industry lays the foundation for digital content industry,and the core of the latter consists in digitalization. Now,digital content industry has grown into the mainstream industry.They creative way of presenting content in the form of digitals becomes the driving engine of rapid economic development,which also leads the advancement of modern cultural industry.Specifically,by integrating"cultural resources"with the latest digital technology ,digital content industry remolds the ways of producing and consuming,constructs new industry groups,and fosters potential consumers.Moreover,this industry promotes the update of the traditional industries by high-end technology,which in turn generates huge economic vales.


The combination of enterprise,school and scientific research is necessary for the development of higher vocational education.It is of great significance for bringing up application specialists,improving teachers' ability and perfecting professional construction.In the higher vocational college of economy and management,the combination can be executed by the means of schooling pattern,educational activities,service reference and participating in enterprise management.


Soil Macro fauna were extracted from Cultivated Sugarcane 'fadama' Soils, Using the Tullgren Funnel Method. Soil characteristics, such as Ph, Particle size and moisture content were determined. The Macro fauna of the two sites were dominated by two ant species, Camponotus acvapimensis and Phiedole species, although these species were generally fewer in Sugar cane 'fadama' soils. Finally the effects of the P, Particle sizes and moisture content on these organisms, as well as the roles they play in the soil were discussed. [Report and Opinion. 2009;1(4):90-93]. (ISSN: 1553-9873).


Corrosion has recently become a more significant factor in the reliability of electronic components, because of design requirement of higher device density and faster signal processing and expanding application areas, thus resulting in smaller devices with ever finer feature sizes and exposure to more severe uncontrolled environment. In attaining a successful corrosion preventive and controlling design of electronic components, a unique set of considerations is required for each category of corrosion factors such as environments, materials and structural configurations including packaging. This review addresses to elucidate common characteristics of corrosion damages of electronic components and to afford perspectives for prevention measures from the above three categories. Given the susceptibility of most electronic materials to corrosive attack and the functional sensitivity of most electronic structures to corrosion, some degree of isolation of the structure from the environment by the use of protective or passivity films and by packaging is required. It is emphasized that the true corrosion prevention can only be achieved with thorough considerations for materials, environments, and structural configurations.


The utility model relates to a retrieve organic solvent's device among follow industrial waste gas mainly includes the concentrated runner of air cleaner, leading air cooler, adsorption tanks system, rearmounted air cooler and molecular sieve, and the adsorption tanks system includes that a plurality of adsorption tanks, the inert gas who is connected with every adsorption tanks respectively retrieve jar and the vacuum buffer tank, and the parallelly connected installation of a plurality of adsorption tanks is in turn at absorption, regeneration, cooling process between adsorption tanks during the use, waste gas entry, air cleaner, leading air cooler, adsorption tanks, rearmounted air cooler, the concentrated runner treatment region of molecular sieve, processing fan, clean air export are connected according to the preface to a pipeline. The utility model discloses organic solvent content satisfies the standard of human hygienic requirements in the waste gas after the processing, and the backward flow utilizes as fresh air simultaneously, and air humidity monitoring cost is low, and adsorption material's adsorption capacity is high. The utility model is suitable for a contain the exhaust-gas treatment that low boiling or while contain low boiling and high boiling point organic solvent.


Traditional CPUs and cloud systems based on them have embraced the hardware-based trusted execution environments to securely isolate computation from malicious OS or hardware attacks. However, GPUs and their cloud deployments have yet to include such support for hardware-based trusted computing. As large amounts of sensitive data are offloaded to GPU acceleration in cloud environments, ensuring the security of the data is a current and pressing need. As deployed today, the outsourced GPU model is vulnerable to attacks from compromised privileged software. To support isolated remote execution on GPUs even under vulnerable operating systems, this paper proposes a novel hardware and software architecture, called HIX (Heterogeneous Isolated eXecution). HIX does not require modifications to the GPU architecture to offer protections: Instead, it offers security by modifying the I/O interconnect between the CPU and GPU, and by refactoring the GPU device driver to work from within the CPU trusted environment. A result of the architectural choices behind HIX is that the concept can be applied to other offload accelerators besides GPUs. This work implements the proposed HIX architecture on an emulated machine with KVM and QEMU. Experimental results from the emulated security support with a real GPU show that the performance overhead for security is curtailed to 26% on average for the Rodinia benchmark, while providing secure isolated GPU computing.


The structures of a number of polycyclic diamides available via the action of ammonia on exo,exo-5,6-dibromonorbomane-endo,endo-2,3-dicarboxylic anhydride have been shown to be incorrectly reported. These substances all possess a nortricyclyl skeleton, e.g. 8, 9, and 10.


Non-invasive heart rate measurement is essential in medical and sport sciences. Typically, the first stage of heart rate measurements is obtained from non-invasive sensors. In this paper, the data from video sequences of a subject cycling are processed using short-time Fourier transform (STFT) to indicate the heart rate of the subject. The choice of using STFT is its ability to provide more accurately localized temporal and frequency information, especially for the rapidly changing heart rate pattern during the exercise routine. Experimental results show the proposed method can provide an acceptable result and the root mean square error is less than 2.5 beats per minute (BPM) for heart rate variations between 80 BPM and 130 BPM.


High performance computing (HPC) is required for image processing especially for picture element (pixel) with huge size. To avoid dependence to HPC equipment which is very expensive to be provided, the soft approach has been performed in this work. Actually, both hard and soft methods offer similar goal which are to reach time computation as short as possible. The discrete cosine transformation (DCT) and singular values decomposition (SVD) are conventionally performed to original image by consider it as a single matrix. This will result in computational burden for images with huge pixel. To overcome this problem, the second order matrix has been performed as block matrix to be applied on the original image which delivers the DCT-SVD hybrid formula. Hybrid here means the only required parameter shown in formula is intensity of the original pixel as the DCT and SVD formula has been merged in derivation. Result shows that when using Lena as original image, time computation of the singular values using the hybrid formula is almost two seconds faster than the conventional. Instead of pushing hard to provide the equipment, it is possible to overcome computational problem due to the size simply by using the proposed formula.


The article studies the development of the public real estate equity sector. The paper describes and analyses the legislative development regarding the sector and the vehicles provided. It discusses the past development of public commercial real estate equity investments in Finland and their role as a market participant. In addition, the paper analyses the historical performance of the sector.


In this article we goal is to reflect on the practice of argumentation as a method of teaching mathematics thus acknowledging argumentation as a process that favors the appropriation of mathematical knowledge evidencing the stages required for this fact to be established. To achieve our goal, we used some examples of plane Euclidean geometry as a reference based on scientific studies on this topic considering the argument as a sociocultural construction highlighting the importance of the scenario that enables its development and listing the stages that comprise the argumentative process motivated by Toulmin' ideas. We believe that modeling the argumentative process according to our proposal can promote the acquisition of argumentation competences in mathematics and therefore assist in the understanding of this discipline. Normal 0 21 false false false PT-BR X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */
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There is a well established (though imperfectly understood) '-3/2 power rule' for self-thinning in plant populations, but no comparable rule for animal populations. Here, we search for such a rule applicable to sessile and especially mobile animals. Energetics allometries suggest a '-4/3 power rule', but animal self-thinning is seen to depend on organism-resource interactions in a way not found in plants, because of the peculiar nature of light as a resource. Nevertheless, new and encouraging experimental support for a -4/3 power rule is presented.


109 This article examines the development of tourism and recreation in the border regions of Russia's North-West as a new promising area of regional growth. The unique natural, historical, and cultural resources, nature, and a favourable economic and geographical position are basic prerequisites for the development of tourism in the region. Historically, the barriers of state borders hampered the development of tourism; and tourism was seen as an activity bringing no economic benefits to regions since most Soviet citizens travelled as beneficiaries of social programmes. This article aims to research prospects of tourism and recreation development of Russia's northwestern border regions. The author analyses statistical and analytical data and does the content analysis of regional strategies for tourism and socioeconomic development. A number of statistical methods, namely, the regression and the time series ones are used to give a deeper insight into the problem. The article explores the practices of tourism and recreation development in a historical perspective and examines the effect of barrier and contact functions of state borders on tourism. Particular attention is paid to tourism development in the border regions of Russia's North-West. The author evaluates the development of tourism and recreation in the border regions of northwestern Russia at the beginning of the 21 century. The article identifies factors hindering tourism development and suggests measures to stimulate tourism as a regional economic activity.


quality in two lowland river systems. The Biebrza River (northeast Poland) was chosen for the study as representative of a simple, unpolluted river while the Langbroekerwetering, in The Netherlands, is a more complex system intensively influenced by human activity with both agricultural and industrial inputs. The report contains a comprehensive description of both catchments including comments on geomorphology, hydrology and hydrochemistry. The main body of the text consists of a series of essentially independent articles, which are also intended for publication in other journals. This, as the author notes, leads to some overlap in the subject-matter covered but for the most part repetition is restricted to diagrams and descriptions of field and laboratory methods. Three main issues are investigated throughout the report. The spatial and temporal variability of water and bed sediment composition was studied, with the aim of deriving guidelines for measuring them in small flowing waters. Secondly, uncertainties in the values of calibrated


Aiming at fault diagnosis of axial piston pumps, a new fusion method based on the extreme-point symmetric mode decomposition method (ESMD) and random forests (RFs) was proposed. Firstly, the vibration signal of the axial piston pump was decomposed by ESMD to get several intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) and an adaptive global mean curve (AGMC) on the local side. Secondly, the total energy was selected as the data of feature extraction by analyzing the whole oscillation intensity of the signal. Thirdly, the data were preprocessed and the labels were set, and then, they were adopted as the training and testing set of machine learning samples. Lastly, the RFs model was created based on machine learning service (MLS) to diagnose the faults of the axial piston pump on the cloud. Using the test and verifying the data set for comparative testing, the fault diagnosis precision rates of the model are above 90.6%, the recall rates are more than 90.9%, the F1 score is higher than 90.7%, and the accuracy rate of this model reached 97.14%. A benchmark data simulation of mechanical transmission systems and an experimental data investigation of an axial piston pump are performed to manifest the superiority of the present method by comparing with classification and regression trees (CART) and support vector machine (SVM).


The FRIB, is a new heavy ion accelerator facility currently under construction at Michigan State University. It is being built to provide intense beams of rare isotopes. The low level controls system integrates a wide variety of hardware into an EPICS/PLC based control system. This paper will present the challenges encountered with resulting hardware interfaces, and lessons learned that can be applied to future projects. These challenges include both technical design and project management challenges that are encountered when integrating hardware from other departments.


The article proposes a methodology for introducing video lectures into the educational process of students studying the disciplines of the department "General Theory of Communication". The process of preparing electronic material, a teleprompter, multimedia presentations with the brand of the university, as well as recording videos with lecturers is considered step by step. The introduction of video lectures in the "Electronic University" system will allow full-time students to repeat the lecture material in a convenient format, and provide additional material for self-study for part-time students. Also, the format of video lectures will be useful in the implementation of additional professional education programs.


Report presenting the aerodynamic heat-transfer properties and zero-lift drag of a typical pilot's canopy as determined by a rocket-model flight test through a range of Mach and Reynolds numbers. The canopy had a 63 degree sweptback flat windshield, circular cross section, and an equivalent body fineness ratio of 7.0. Results regarding the canopy temperature distribution, canopy pressure distribution, heat-transfer coefficient, and drag are provided.


The article made a comparative study of development modes and experience learning about tourism standardization from the international,domestic and abroad three levels.This paper found that tourism standardization construction is still at the stage of exploration,in the world.There is not a mature model of development now.In this paper,we refined some experience about the tourism standardization construction,based on the analysis of the present situation,to provide some little help for the future tourism standardization construction.


CzEng 1.0 is an updated release of our Czech-English parallel corpus, freely available for non-commercial research or educational purposes. In this release, we approximately doubled the corpus size, reaching 15 million sentence pairs (about 200 million tokens per language). More importantly, we carefully filtered the data to reduce the amount of non-matching sentence pairs. CzEng 1.0 is automatically aligned at the level of sentences as well as words. We provide not only the plain text representation, but also automatic morphological tags, surface syntactic as well as deep syntactic dependency parse trees and automatic co-reference links in both English and Czech. This paper describes key properties of the released resource including the distribution of text domains, the corpus data formats, and a toolkit to handle the provided rich annotation. We also summarize the procedure of the rich annotation (incl. co-reference resolution) and of the automatic filtering. Finally, we provide some suggestions on exploiting such an automatically annotated sentence-parallel corpus.


In this paper, we propose an automatic system based on machine learning algorithms to detect the abnormalities in radiotherapy service. However, challenges are posed regarding quality of service in radiotherapy. Thus, the presented system increases the quality of the control in service. Mainly, the control platform is composed of a set of computers connected with the network for the server. The stored data include checklist of the machines, the temperature, the humidity and the pressure, and operators and management of patients. The main contribution in this field is the use of the classification techniques for avoiding fatal mistakes during the treatment. An encouraging result is obtained by deep network constructed using autoencoders.


In this study, nZVI prepared by borohydride reduction was applied for the removal of Cu2+ ions under a variety of experimental conditions. The uptake experiments investigated the effects of initial...


Migratory processes are not only influenced by the migration policies of host states, but also by the policies of the countries of origin. In the Latin American context, in the last few years there has been a more or less generalised effort to create, reinforce or redirect links with the diaspora, in this way contributing to redefine meanings and experiences of citizenship and identiy. This article analyses the efforts on behalf of the Colombian state and the actions and responses of Colombian migrants in Europe. It is based on secondary data as well as the results of several research projects carried out by the author. The article highlights the key role played by states of origin, but also by other actors such as associations and migrants themselves in the development of diasporic relations, concepts of citizenship and feelings of belonging and identiy.


Using the thought of finite element of ultimate bearing capacity of foundation,the critical height of soil nailed wall foundation pit was analyzed.The laws between the critical height and the chief influence factors including the cohesion of soil,the internal friction angle of soil,the soil nail length,the slope angle,the elastic modulus of soil,the elastic modulus of composite soil were studied,then through the fitting analysis,the empirical formulas of the critical height of soil nailing foundation pit was simulated,considering four chief influence factors which were the cohesion of soil,the internal friction angle,the soil nail length and the slope angle.This formula was the theoretical solution of critical height of unsupported upright slope when the foundation pit was upright excavated under the condition of unsupported.The case analysis verifies the results and shows that the empirical formulas can fit the engineering projects very well,which can provide reference value for the design and the analysis of foundation pit.


Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETS) have gained much attention due to their dynamic nature and efficiency. These networks are operated in highly dynamic and unpredictable environment. Rapid advances in the field of correspondence have vastly enhanced today's transmission networks. As a result, the measurement of data transmission in business and military applications has grown dramatically. Since these applications include the transmission of information, the need for security concerns has grown as well. Due to their dynamic nature, they are susceptible to various attacks. The lack of a centralized authority to supervise the individual nodes operating in the network makes security in the mobile adhoc network a major challenge. Attacks can originate both within and outside the network. In this paper, a survey of various attacks in MANETs and their prevention and mitigation techniques given by researchers have been presented.


Manufacture of polymer composites using the process of liquid composite molding involves injection of a reactive resin into a closed mold with preplaced fibrous reinforcements. There are many studies that address the computer simulations for mold filling. The simulation programs provide the simulated mold filling results for a known gate location. However, they do not discuss the method for determination of the gate locations, which is one of the important issues in the total mold design. In this paper, a gate location optimization method was developed based on minimization of the mold filling pressure, uneven filling pattern, and temperature difference during the mold filling process. A genetic algorithm was used to search the optimal gate location. This method, in general, has a better chance to locate the near global optimum than the gradient based search method, especially in the problems with multiple variables and a large search space.


In this article, a dual‐port ring‐shaped ceramic antenna is proposed and examined. The antenna ports are orthogonally placed for achieving the high isolation (more than 20 dB). Ceramic material is fed through circular aperture, which excites the HEM11δ+2 mode inside it. Metasurface module is suspended over the proposed antenna for converting the LP‐to‐CP waves. Fabricated antenna confirms its operation from 5.43 to 5.82 GHz with a fractional bandwidth of 6.93%. After applying the metasurface, 3‐dB axial ratio is achieved from 5.45 to 5.65 GHz. Stable radiation properties and good value of diversity parameter makes it suitable for WLAN (5.5 GHz) application.


Cross-language topic extraction aims at extracting related topics from texts in different languages. A widely used approach is to build a topic model from a set of parallel or comparable texts in different languages. However, for resource-lean languages such as Thai, such texts may be unavailable. An alternative approach is to construct separate topic models for different languages, and then to align them. We investigate this approach in this paper for Chinese-Thai texts. A key problem to align topics in different languages is to estimate their similarity, which requires the translation of topic words between the two languages. Unfortunately, the translation between Chinese and Thai is not accurate enough for this task. Therefore, we use English as pivot language, through which the topics in Chinese and Thai are aligned. In addition, the representative topic words are filtered so that only those that are specific for the topic are kept. Experimental results performed on a set of news articles in Chinese and Thai show that our approach achieves a higher effectiveness than a traditional method.


: Melatonin is a hormone secreted 80% by epiphysis and 20% by extrapineal structures. It performs several functions including chronobiotic, antioxidant, oncostatic, immune modulating, normo-thermal, and anxiolytic functions.There are numorouse studies demonstrating melatonin efficacy in relation to chronic pain syndromes. The present paper reviews the studies on melatonin use in various forms of headaches, and chronic back pain.The paper discusses the possible mechanisms of analgesia. Circadian rhythm normalization results in sleep improvement, which is disordered in chronic pain syndromes,hence there is evidence of melatonin-independent analgesic effect involving melatonin receptors.


ABSTRACT A total of 7,566 unique patient isolates of Haemophilus influenzae and 2,314 unique patient isolates of Moraxella catarrhalis were collected between October 1997 and June 2002 from 25 medical centers in 9 of the 10 Canadian provinces. Among the 7,566 H. influenzae isolates, 22.5% produced β-lactamase, while 92.4% of the 2,314 M. catarrhalis isolates produced β-lactamase. The incidence of β-lactamase-producing H. influenzae isolates decreased significantly over the 5-year study period, from 24.2% in 1997-1998 to 18.6% in 2001-2002 (P < 0.01). The incidence of β-lactamase-producing M. catarrhalis isolates did not change over the study period. The overall rates of resistance to amoxicillin and amoxicillin-clavulanate for H. influenzae were 19.3 and 0.1%, respectively. The rank order of cephalosporin activity based on the MICs at which 90% of isolates were inhibited (MIC90s) was cefotaxime > cefixime > cefuroxime > cefprozil > cefaclor. On the basis of the MICs, azithromycin was more active than clarithromycin (14-OH clarithromycin was not tested); however, on the basis of the NCCLS breakpoints, resistance rates were 2.1 and 1.6%, respectively. Rates of resistance to other agents were as follows: doxycycline, 1.5%; trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, 14.2%; and chloramphenicol, 0.2%. All fluoroquinolones tested, including the investigational fluoroquinolones BMS284756 (garenoxacin) and ABT-492, displayed potent activities against H. influenzae, with MIC90s of ≤0.03 μg/ml. The MIC90s of the investigational ketolides telithromycin and ABT-773 were 2 and 4 μg/ml, respectively, and the MIC90 of the investigational glycylcycline GAR-936 (tigecycline) was 4 μg/ml. Among the M. catarrhalis isolates tested, the resistance rates derived by using the NCCLS breakpoint criteria for H. influenzae were <1% for all antibiotics tested except trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (1.5%). In summary, the incidence of β-lactamase-positive H. influenzae strains in Canada is decreasing (18.6% in 2001-2002), while the incidence of β-lactamase-positive M. catarrhalis strains has remained constant (90.0% in 2001-2002).


Through the NATO Alliance Ground Surveillance (AGS) Project, NATO is proposing to procure an airborne grounc surveillance system based on a NATO-owned and operatec core capability which would be supplemented by interoperable national assets, as required. The NATC Consultation, Command and Control (C3) Agency (NC3A), together with support from six nations, France, Germany, Italy, Norway, The United Kingdom and The United States, has established a testbed capability which includes simulations of the candidate sensor systems and various exploitation capabilities. This testbed, coupled with various other command and control testbeds resident at NC3A, allows the study of many aspects of command and control associated with the AGS problem. Essential to the selected ownership option is the concept of the interoperability of the NATO-owned assets with each other and with the nationally-owned assets. In order to address this problem, the NC3A, in conjunction with the six nations has developed an architecture and a standard format for the sensor data, so that any ground station could be made to receive and process data from any of the candidate platforms. Important to the solution is rhe ability to simultaneously receive and process data from different sensors and sensor platforms allowing for the fusion of data and potentially leading to improved surveillance coverage, tracking performance and accuracy. This approach has been prototyped and tested in the laboratory utilizing the AGS testbed. Recently, a large experiment was conducted during which several real AGS platforms and ground stations were utilized in order to prove the interoperability concepts that have been developed at NC3A in a more practical environment. In order to set the stage, the paper begins with a brief overview of the NATO AGS project followed by a definition of the interoperability problem. Next, the hardware and data architecture developed at NC3A for achieving interoperability is described. Finally, the paper concludes with a description of a recent AGS interoperability experiment used to prove the concepts is presented.


ABSTRACT A highly selective and more efficient green protocol has been developed via a one-pot, three-component approach for the synthesis of coumarin 2,6-dicyanoanilines in aqueous ethanol. From the mechanism, two molecules of malanonitrile condensed with aldehyde and ketone resulted in the adducts, which on intramolecular cyclization via two new C-C bonds formed to afford the title compound. The present methodology offers simplified purification and environmentally benign conditions, avoids the use of toxic solvents, and gives excellent yield with high purity. All the synthesized compounds have been characterized by spectral analysis. Optical and thermal screening studies of all newly synthesized compounds showed excellent photophysical and thermal stability properties. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


Summary The Yellow Cardinal Gubernatrix cristata is a globally endangered passerine from the southern cone of South America. Because of its conspicuous plumage and very attractive song, it suffers considerably from illegal pet trade. The largest remaining populations are found in Argentina, but no coordinated efforts have been made thus far to understand better its current distribution and conservation status. During three annual surveys supported by a citizen science programme, more than 140 volunteers surveyed 644 geographical points during spring and detected 221 Yellow Cardinals. Based on the survey results, we evaluated the presence of cardinals within protected areas in Argentina and found that the species was only detected in four of them, two of which were private reserves with a low level of protection. We also found that the species was not restricted to the 'Espinal' ecoregion, but also inhabited 'Monte' and 'Chaco' ecoregions, which are generally drier. This citizen science programme allowed us to obtain up-to-date information on the remaining populations of the Yellow Cardinal and helped to increase public awareness about the conservation problems faced by the species. We propose some future strategies for monitoring Yellow Cardinals and taking informed conservation decisions.


Abstract. Worldwide, microplastic (MP) has been commonly recognized as a threat for soil ecosystems. Terrestrial soils are widely contaminated by MP due to the application of sewage sludge and wastewater, plastic mulching, littering, the input of tire wear from roads and atmospheric deposition. Within the last decade, an increasing number of individual studies focused on item counts and masses of MP in different global soil environments. We reviewed these studies to achieve a representative picture of common degrees of contamination. The majority of the prospected agricultural and horticultural sites was exposed to sewage sludge and mulching film application and showed concentrations of


The P-1(114-132 sites),P-2(136-154 sites) and P-3(209-227 sites) PK-15 cell strains transcribing shRNA targeted to the classical swine fever virus(CSFV) 3′-UTR were infected with CSFV shimen strain respectively.The NS3 and β-actin gene of infected cells were detected by semiquantitive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) at the 72nd and 96th hour post-infection,to study the influence of transcribing shRNA on the reproduction of CSFV at RNA level.At the same time,the NS3 protein of cells was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) at the 72nd,96th and 148th hour post-infection to estimate the influence at protein level by comparing the optical density at 490 nm.Results showed that:(1) The NS3 genes of P-1,P-2 and P-3 cell strains decreased obviously than that of PK-15 cells(positive control) at the 72nd and 96th hour post-infection,respectively(P0.05),it showed the transcribed shRNA could interfere the reproduction of CSFV at RNA level.(2)The expressing quantity of NS3 protein of P-1,P-2 and P-3 cell strains were obvious less than that of PK-15 cells(positive control) at the 72nd and 96th hour post-infection,respectively(P0.05),indicating that the transcribed shRNA could interfere the reproduction of CSFV at protein level,but the discrepancy were not obvious at the 148th hour post-infection.


This chapter focuses on two of George S. Schuyler's novellas published serially in the African American newspaper called The Pittsburgh. It talks about "The Ethiopian Murder Mystery: A Story of Love and International Intrigue" and "Revolt in Ethiopia: A Tale of Black Insurrection against Italian Imperialism," which were both written in response to the Second Italo-Abyssinian War. These novellas interact and engage with the newspaper's propagandistic reportage of the war in provocative ways. Schuyler's fiction mimicked the articles formally, encouraging in the newspaper's readers a fluid reading practice transcending the fictional/nonfictional divide. Schuyler in the 1930s was able to assume his readers' intimate familiarity with the contemporary nation and therefore actively manipulate the newspaper's generic features. In his melodramatic Ethiopian stories, Schuyler exploits the public's fascination with monarchy only to expose, in the end, the ironies behind that misguided sympathy.


Abstract To implement effective carbon sequestration policies policymakers must analyze key characteristics of the country (geographic, institutional, economic, and infrastructural factors) and forestry and land‐use practices (the degree of risk associated with investment, the relative difficulty in measuring sequestration, and the degree of discretion allowed). Without careful analysis of this type, policies may have unintended negative effects.


The concentration of plasma vitronectin was determined and compared with various parameters of liver function including the blood coagulation system in patients with liver diseases. The severity of cirrhosis was graded according to Child's criteria and compared with the plasma vitronectin level. Furthermore, the distribution of vitronectin in the liver of patients with liver diseases was studied by light and electron microscopy using the indirect immunoperoxidase method.


The benthic foraminiferal(BF)distribution in 337surface sediments taken from the northwest Taiwan Strait near the Pingtan Island in Fujian province has been quantitatively analyzed.The results show that the BF abundance and simple diversity varies in different samples and the BF composition is mainly composed of hyaline tests,followed with porcelaneous tests and small amount of agglutinated tests.BF distribution is controlled by complex factors including water depth,salinity,sediment size,bottom currents and alongshore upwelling current.Four assemblages have been identified based on the factor analysis.AssemblageⅠ(Hanzawaia-Pseudorotalia-Bolivina)is distributed in the area with the water deeper than 20meters and mainly influenced by the water depth and bottom water current; AssemblageⅡ(Ammonia beccarii-Elphidium)occurs in coastal transitional area with low salinity;AssemblageⅢ(Quinquiloculina-Ammonia annectens-Spiroloculina)dominates the central bay area,influenced by the strong alongshore upwelling current;AssemblageⅣ(Elphidium advenum-Ammonia annectens)is restricted within some local area between the assemblagesⅠandⅢ,and possibly related to the Zhemin coastal current.


Ribonucleic acids circulating in mammalian extracellular fluids as well as RNAs accumulating in culture medium condensed by mammalian cells are internalized by acceptor cells and distributed among cellular compartments. The internalized RNA can be involved in the induction and regulation of cellular processes as guide or signaling molecules. The internalization of RNA may be accompanied by covalent modifications influencing the stability and functionality of this RNA. To analyze nucleotide modifications introduced by human cells in internalized extracellular RNA, 5.8S rRNA of S. cerevisiae was used. It was shown that 5.8S rRNA of S. cerevisiae is captured by human adenocarcinoma MCF‐7 cells from culture medium and delivered to cytoplasm and nuclei. Most of the internalized RNA was hydrolyzed to mono‐ and oligonucleotides. Full‐length RNA uptake was detected by RT‐PCR in the cytoplasm and in nuclei after the pulse addition of RNA to the culture medium. 5′‐Inosine was the only detectable modified nucleotide in the hydrolysate of cell‐internalized RNAs. Consequently, extracellular RNAs entering human cells were subjected to partial adenosine deamination. Sequencing of cDNA confirmed that full‐length extracellular RNA that accumulated in the nucleus, but not in the cytoplasm, was partially edited by adenosine deaminases. The deamination revealed in nuclear‐stored, full‐length RNA was site‐specific. Adenosines edited in S. cerevisiae 5.8S rRNA are stack‐closing A‐U pairs A53 and A96, as well as unpaired A44 and A65. Our data emphasize the participation of adenosine deaminases in capturing and intracellular trafficking of internalized RNAs.


In order to enhance the effect of multi-objective particle swarm optimization, a hybrid multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm based on particles sorting (PSHMOPSO) is proposed. The algorithm improves in three aspects. First of all, the algorithm uses the method of dividing each dimension evenly to generate the position data of the initial particles to let those particles be distributed in different positions of the decision space as much as possible. Then, when the number of particles in the external archive exceeds the maximum, the method to maintain the number of particles is to score the particles on the grid with the highest density and delete the particles with higher scores. Next, for the selection method of the global optimal solutions (gbest), the reverse selection strategy is adopted in the early iteration of the algorithm. The particles in the areas with few particles are preferentially selected as the gbest of particles to reduce the possibility of the particle swarm falling into the local optimal solutions in the early stage of the iteration. In the latter stage, the forward selection strategy is used to increase the search intensity of the particle-dense areas to find local optimal solutions of these areas for improving the accuracy and convergence of the algorithm. Finally, experiments show that the new algorithm has a good performance when processing test functions.


Parishes, being a community service organization provides a wide range of transactions and activities to accommodate the needs of the congregation (both in terms of ecclesiastical and financial aspects) thus, Parishes ought to have a plan with systematic strategies in order to serve their people more accurately and efficiently. The study aims to support the Strategic Information Systems Plan (SISP) of the Diocese of Cubao through the design and development of a centralized Information System for its parishes to address the issues on their traditional system such as spending much time searching for information, generating reports, and loss of valuable records. The researchers validated those issues through conducting interviews and observations. By implementing iterative approach in system development, a prototype named "Centralized Parish Record and Information Management System", has been developed and simulated.


Abnormal growth of cell in brain is known as Brain tumor. Some are benign and some are malignant. Brain tumor can start in brain or it can spread from any part of the body and this is one of deadly cancers across all ages. Major challenge in identifying brain tumor is isolation of abnormal cell. Early detection of brain tumor and its grade is very essential to provide appropriate service. Non invasive methodology of MR has made researches more inclined towards MR images. Medical Image processing was extensively used for more than a decade on MR images to detect tumor by applying segmentation and classification. Though there are many advantages with automated classification, still major challenges hover due to various grades, various shapes, various size and area. Over a decade researches had made giant leaps using combinations of various techniques in extraction, segmentation and classification. With advances technology of Machine Learning and Deep Learning the classification accuracy has gone higher. Here we present study of various techniques used for identifying and classifying brain tumors.


Accurate diagnosis of infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis is important in low prevalence populations, such as healthcare workers, subjected to serial- or mass entry screen testing. There is no gold standard laboratory test for detecting latent tuberculosis infections (LTBI).


A Tesla coil is a device used for obtaining high voltage at high frequency. The initial purpose its creator, Nikola Tesla, envisioned for it was to transmit wireless energy; advances in electronics have helped people build Tesla coils that can produce music, the lightning bolts acting like a speaker. Nowadays, this device is used for research and special effects. However, we argue that such a device is also very useful in education. The scope of the project is to be able to present concepts in physics, from simple to complex, to young people throughout the learning process! Consequently, in this paper we will present the development of an audio-modulated Tesla coil, built for educational purposes.


High linearity was required to submersible motor's stator,and this paper developed a suit of non-contact detection device about linearity.It was introduced to the methods of data receiving and disposal in brief,and it was placed emphasis on specifying the structure of device,inspecting step and principium,identification of stator's non-gap position.The device looked for the position of adjusting linearity rapidly and exactly,and the process of adjusting linearity could be observed real time,meanwhile,the device also possesses features of high accuracy,high stability,convenient operation,etc.


The restoration of lost virginities is one of the «medical» skills that appear in La Celestina. This work explores several methods and the medieval and renaissance texts that its author used as a source in order to characterize Celestina.


Trauma is an epidemic and a public health crisis affecting schools and institutions of higher education globally. Childhood trauma has detrimental impacts on the brain, learning, and socio-moral development into adulthood. Trauma is a mental health as well as an educational problem that poses a serious threat to the academic achievement of students. Public schools have made some progress to become more trauma-sensitive to help build resiliency in students impacted by trauma, but institutions of higher education are lagging in the area of trauma-sensitivity. Physical education teacher preparation programs need a paradigm shift to address trauma with the COVID-19 pandemic posing new challenges. Preparing preservice physical education teachers to be trauma-informed lays the foundation for future teachers to mitigate trauma in schools. Such an effort will align physical education teacher education with public schools in addressing trauma and closing the trauma-sensitivity loop.


Abstract A theoretical study is presented for the investigation of a potential-flow model for enhancing lift over a flat-plate aerofoil experiencing thin aerofoil stall. Rather than suppressing the leading-edge separation, flow is assumed to separate tangentially at the leading edge and made to reattach smoothly at the tip of a forward-facing fence joining the plate tangentially on its upper surface to avoid any unnecessary stagnated flow. The length of the fence and its location from the leading edge form two geometrical parameters. At any positive angle of attack, the resulting bounding streamline emanating from the leading edge and terminating at the tip of the fence is simulated by using suitable mathematical singularities subject to boundary conditions such as attaining a finite velocity at each critical point of the conformal mapping involved, and the condition of finite pressure gradient at reattachment, when applicable. Computational results from varying these two geometrical parameters indicate that the lift from each model is enhanced, as compared with the attached flow model around a simple flat plate and the original separated flow model by Kirchhoff.


Women with early stage breast cancer who are at high clinical risk for recurrence but who show low genomic risk on the basis of 70 gene signature testing have a high five year survival rate without chemotherapy, a randomised trial has shown.1

Decisions on adjuvant systemic therapy for women with early stage breast cancer are based on tumour characteristics, including hormonal receptor and HER2 status, tumour grade and size, lymph node status, and patient related factors, such as age and menopausal status.

Treatment algorithms do not currently consider the individual biological characteristics of a patient's tumour, even …


In order to use viscoelastic materials efficiently for noise and vibration control, or th qualify newly developed materials, knowledge of the Young' s modulus and loss factor is essemtial. These material properties, the so-called complex Young' s modulus, are frequently treated as dynamic charicteristics because of their dependence upon the frequency. Many techniques have been developed and verified for measuring complex Young' s modulus of viscoelastic materials. Among them, the impedance method is preferable in order to obtain the frequency information in detail. In this method, a cylindrical or prismatic specimen is excited into longitudinal harmonic vibration at one end, the other being fixed, and the resulting force is measured at the driving or fixed end. The amplitude ratio of the two signals and phase angle between them are then used to compute the material properties using various mathematical models. In this paper, the impedance method is investigated theoretically and experimentally. A way to determine the specimen geometry which is most appropriate for the identification of complex Young' s modulus using the lumped mass model is presented and discussed. Then experimental results supporting the theoretical predictions are presented.


Aeronautic networks have stringent requirements in terms of safety and reliability, and often imply excessive use of redundancy. The approach of introducing Internet technology is challenging with regard to the required certification processes. In this paper, we briefly present the platform DIMTOOL that allows to determine performance bounds in aeronautic communication networks using standard approaches such as simulation and network calculus analysis. Our tool is designed to simplify the evaluation and deployment of communication networks that support Internet technology without impeding existing safety and security levels.


Quantitative information about the existence and thermodynamic stability of uranyl(VI) ion complexes based solely upon nitrogen coordination has been obtained in the solvent dimethyl sulfoxide. Calorimetric, potentiometric, and FT-IR investigations, under controlled anhydrous conditions, show that the uranyl(VI) ion can form both mono and bis chelates with the ethylenediamine ligand and only a mono chelate of rather low stability with propylenediamine. With the monodentate ligand n-butylamine only a very weak metal-ligand interaction has been detected. The stability constants and the enthalpy and entropy changes have been calculated for the identified coordinated species. All data refer to 25.0{degree}C and a tetraethylammonium perchlorate medium of ionic strength 0.1 M. All the complexes are enthalpy stabilized whereas the entropy contributions oppose the complex formation. Calorimetric and FT-IR measurements carried out to investigate the effects of small amounts of water present show that a very low water concentration, comparable to that of the coordinating metal ion, can give rise to hydrolysis reactions that may compete with complex formation. This is due to the combined action of different factors that are discussed. 39 refs., 6 figs., 1 tab.


The paper presents results from a collaborative CRAFT action under the European Unions BRITE/EURAM programme. The aim of the presented research programme was to improve the structural performance of the net systems used in fishfarm pens. In particular, it is hoped that the level of pen volume loss due to current can be reduced, as well as improving resistance to sea mammal predation. Both these goals will be of signifi- cant economic benefit to the entire European fishfarming industry. A key element of the project is the meas- urement system for determining the underwater 3D geometry of the pen nets. A underwater CCD camera system and the photogrammetric software package PICTRAN are used. The various topics and special problems of underwater photogrammetry such as hardware choice, camera calibration, and working proce- dures are described. The project is being executed in a series of sequential stages; evaluation of the func- tionality and suitability of the components, and acquisition of geometrical data for the actual computational modelling calibration and design improvement in the final stage. The statical analysis suite of the EASY light- weight structure design system is being used for the computational modelling.


we we Abstract Society advances through technology, and technology has changed many lifestyles. The need for food is varying, but the availability of food is constantly changing as trends in production change. Combining the food industry and technology, a robot that delivers food and also cooks it has been developed. The time has come for a combination of food content and technology to advance the restaurant industry. This study discusses the application of a recommended food content media providing system using a curation engine that recommends contents according to individual tastes and preferences for the convenience of those who use food contents, using artificial intelligence speakers. We discuss the technologies required to develop video contents optimized for AI speakers with screens and shapes, combined with inset top boxes.


The article analyzes the monograph of Professor A.M. Tsaliyev "State and Law of Ossetia: A Comparative-Historical Study" published as part of the project of Professor D. J. Shhapsugov on the creation of historical essays on the development of the institutions of the state and rights of the peoples of the North Caucasus who joined Russia in the 13th century. The authors note that the study is based on the relevance and importance of regional components of the unified history of the state and the law of a multi-ethnic Russian state, which throughout its existence was not a "prison of peoples" as it is it has been considered in the recent past, I have shown the world a model of the peaceful existence of many peoples who have practiced various religious teachings. The Russian administration acted as a guarantor of peace and carried out a great creative work to raise the level of the legal culture of the country's population.


Summary.  Many models to analyse incomplete data have been developed that allow the missing data to be missing not at random. Awareness has grown that such models are based on unverifiable assumptions, in the sense that they rest on the (incomplete) data only in part, but that inferences nevertheless depend on what the model predicts about the unobserved data, given the observed data. This explains why, nowadays, considerable work is being devoted to assess how sensitive models for incomplete data are to the particular model chosen, a family of models chosen and the effect of (a group of) influential subjects. For each of these categories, several proposals have been formulated, studied theoretically and/or by simulations, and applied to sets of data. It is, however, uncommon to explore various sensitivity analysis avenues simultaneously. We apply a collection of such tools, some after extension, to incomplete counts arising from cross‐classified binary data from the so‐called Slovenian public opinion survey. Thus for the first time bringing together a variety of sensitivity analysis tools on the same set of data, we can sketch a comprehensive sensitivity analysis picture. We show that missingness at random estimates of the proportion voting in favour of independence are insensitive to the precise choice of missingness at random model and close to the actual plebiscite results, whereas the missingness not at random models that are furthest from the plebiscite results are vulnerable to the influence of outlying cases. Our approach helps to illustrate the value of comprehensive sensitivity analysis. Ideas are formulated on the methodology's use beyond the data analysis that we consider.


Modelling the transport processes in a vadose zone, e.g. modelling contaminant transport or the effect of the soil water regime on changes in soil structure and composition, plays an important role in predicting the reactions of soil biotopes to anthropogenic activity. Water flow is governed by the quasilinear Richards equation. The paper concerns the implementation of a multi-time-step approach for solving a nonlinear Richards equation. When modelling porous media flow with a Richards equation, due to a possible convection dominance and a convergence of a nonlinear solver, a stable finite element approximation requires accurate temporal and spatial integration. The method presented here enables adaptive domain decomposition algorithm together with a multi-time-step treatment of actively changing subdomains.


The breakdown of glycosaminoglycans is an important consequence of inflammation at mucosal surfaces, and inhibition of metalloprotease activity may be effective in treating chronic inflammation.


ABSTRACT The article presents the federalist thought of Carlo Cattaneo, Giuseppe Ferrari and Alberto Mario and Gaetano Salvemini. Referring briefly to the recognised failures of the federal idea in Italy and the corresponding difficulties with its territorial puzzle' (to use Daniel Ziblatt's phrase) as well, the author proposes to analyse their argumentation through the prism of their attempts to find a proper federal structure for this country. The article shows that despite their eagerness to make Italy perfectly compatible with its 'natural' diversity, they gave different answers to the Italian federalist dilemma: whether to begin the whole process with the communes (as Cattaneo initially wanted) or with more subnational units or rather somewhat include both elements. As will be seen, it was perhaps Salvemini who outlined the most coherent and Cattanean conception that recognised again the necessity of local initiative. Yet, as will be also seen, his federalism, intertwine from the beginning with his concern about the Italian South, was not free from its own weaknesses.


There are six transverse bands of sensory organs on the dorsal part of the labium of the water bug Cenocorixa bifida. Though phase contrast microscopy of the intact labium shows that each of these bands is made up of from four to six rows of sensilla, among which there are clearly several types of end structure, all appear to have the same ultrastructure below the surface of the cuticle.It was found by electron microscopy that each sense organ is composed of a single bipolar neuron, which, together with its sheath cell, forms a sensory unit. The dendrite of the neuron has a root system, two basal bodies, and an axial filament complex. It runs through the cuticle to the peg at the surface. Owing to difficulty in sectioning, no details of the terminal pegs were obtained, though they have a definite lumen at their base.The tips of the largest sensilla, but no others, were permeable to a solution of crystal violet. This permeability, their ultrastructure, and their location near the mouth and close to numerou...


To the Editor.— I have read the communication "Treatment of Vitiligo With Topical Methoxsalen and Blacklite" by Fulton et al in theArchives(100:224, 1969) with great interest. However, it is not very clear whether or not the authors selected only cases of those patients with vitiligo who had one or a few patches only. Certainly then, a question occurs to the reader about those patients who have extensive involvement of the body. Their study does not provide a solution for the latter group. We have tried a combination of local as well as systemic treatment with methoxsalen (Macsoralen [India]; Meloxine, comparable US product) lotion and tablets, with much more gratifying results and practically no untoward effects. 1 In all, treatment was administered to 40 patients with vitiligo, of whom 34 continued to carry on the treatment faithfully. The methoxsalen capsules were administered at six o'clock in the morning after


The invention provides a contra-rotating propeller suitable for a single-stern ship. The contra-rotating propeller is characterized by comprising a contra-rotating propeller front paddle and a contra-rotating propeller rear paddle, wherein the rotation direction of a blade tip of the contra-rotating propeller front paddle is opposite to that of a blade tip of the contra-rotating propeller rear paddle. The blade tip of the contra-rotating propeller rear paddle is substantially bent towards the bow or the stern, flow around the blade tip of the rear paddle is reduced, accordingly, the tip vortex strength is remarkably reduced, energy loss is reduced, the induced drag is also reduced, and the propelling efficiency of the rear paddle is improved.


The bachelor thesis deals with multimedia materials such as ?die Zeitung?. The work shows the positive effect of its use which it has on German lessons. The basic information about multimedia materials are given in the theoretical part and the use of the newspaper in German lesson is stressed. The first part shows the advantages that the use of newspapers brings for both teachers and students. The practical part of this thesis deals with the newspaper ?Osterreich Spiegel? and stresses its advantages. The aim of the thesis is to find out what knowledge the students have about the newspaper ?Osterreich Spiegel?. The research presents the results of 74 respondents.


Today's requirements of occupant protection have been a limitation to the reduction of the size of a car for a long time. Small urban vehicles do not offer sufficient space for a crash zone. Additionally, the risk of severe injuries is increased by the incompatibility of light and heavy weighted cars during an impact. The project of the Institute for Mechanics at the University of Technology in Graz (Austria) is based on recent results of research and development on small hard shell vehicles. The aim of this project is an investigation of the concept of a moveable seat system which enables a moderate deceleration for the occupants during front (the focus of this paper) or rear impact although the vehicle itself suffers a quite high deceleration. (A) For the covering abstract of the conference see ITRD E203597.


Conventional moving-average trading rules seldom use more than two moving averages. This article proposes new trading rules combining the use of short, medium and long-term moving averages. The trading strategies developed in this article are applied to 12 major stock market indices. For each trading rule, the profitability of the simple, weighted and exponential moving averages over a 15-year period are evaluated. Our moving-average trading rules perform remarkably well in the Greater China area, where some of the trading strategies generate an annualized return of 25%.


Purpose: Docetaxel, cisplatin, and capecitabine are three active chemotherapeutic agents with different mechanisms of action. This phase I study investigated the feasibility and pharmacokinetics of this combination given on aweekly schedule. Experimental Design: Docetaxel and cisplatin were given i.v. over 30 minutes on days 1 and 8 and capecitabine was given orally bid on days1to14 (every 21days). Escalation occurred incohorts of threepatients until themaximumtolerateddosewasdefined. Pharmacokinetics studies of docetaxeland total andultrafiltrate platinumafter cisplatinadministrationwere doneoncycle 1 (with capecitabine) and cycle 2 (without capecitabine). Results: Twenty-five patients were enrolled. Two of six patients at dose level 5 had a doselimiting infection and diarrhea. One of six evaluable patients at dose level 4 (27 mg/m docetaxel, 27 mg/m cisplatin, 825 mg/m capecitabine) had a dose-limiting hypomagnesemia. Pharmacokinetics of docetaxel were similar on cycles 1and 2. Area under the plasma concentrations versus time curves of total platinum was significantly greater in cycle 2 compared with cycle 1 (P = 0.001). There was no difference in the disposition of docetaxel on cycles 1and 2. Conclusions:The recommended docetaxel, cisplatin, and capecitabine dose for phase II studies is 27/27/825 mg/m.The alteration in total and ultrafiltrate platinum disposition on cycle 2 comparedwith cycle1may be inherent to sequential cisplatin administration; however, prior treatment with capecitabine cannot be ruled out as a factor. Docetaxel, cisplatin, and capecitabine are three widely used chemotherapeutic agents with different mechanisms of action (1–5). Given these nonoverlapping mechanisms of activity, various doublet combinations have been investigated in a variety of solid tumors. The combination of docetaxel and cisplatin has shown substantial activity in patients with gastric and lung cancers (6–9). The addition of capecitabine to docetaxel has resulted in improved response rates in comparison with historical response rates with either agent alone in gastric and lung cancers (10–12). In a randomized study in anthracycline-resistant metastatic breast cancer, capecitabine plus docetaxel was superior to docetaxel alone (10–12). Cisplatin and capecitabine has not been well studied; however, two phase II studies in gastric and biliary cancers show promising efficacy (13, 14). Based on the encouraging efficacy of various doublets of capecitabine, docetaxel, and cisplatin, we investigated the feasibility of combining these three agents in a phase I trial. To minimize toxicity and maximize dose intensity, we elected to investigate a weekly regimen of cisplatin and docetaxel concurrently with capecitabine orally twice daily for 2 weeks every 3 weeks. This schedule had been previously tested for the combination of docetaxel and capecitabine and was associated with considerable activity, especially in patients with gastric cancer (15). Materials and Methods This phase I, open-label, dose escalation study of docetaxel, cisplatin, and capecitabine was conducted at Roswell Park Cancer Institute (Buffalo, NY). The primary objectives of the study were to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of weekly docetaxel and cisplatin i.v. in combination with daily oral capecitabine and to establish a recommended dose for phase II trials. Secondary objectives included the evaluation of pharmacokinetics of docetaxel and cisplatin when given in the presence or absence of capecitabine, the description of treatmentrelated toxicities, and the description of any observed clinical responses.


It remains a challenge to fabricate healable and recyclable polymeric materials with simultaneously enhanced tensile strength, stretchability, and toughness. Herein, we report a simple approach to fabricate high-performance polymer hydrogels that not only integrate high tensile strength, stretchability, and toughness but also possess self-healing and recycling capabilities. The polymer hydrogels are fabricated by mixing a positively charged polyelectrolyte mixture of poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA)/branched poly(ethylenimine) (PEI) with a negatively charged polyelectrolyte mixture of poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS)/poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) in an aqueous solution followed by molding, drying, and rehydration. The (PDDA/PEI)–(PSS/PAA) hydrogels with in situ-formed PDDA–PSS nanoparticles have a tensile strength, strain at break, and toughness of 1.26 ± 0.06 MPa, 2434.2 ± 150.3%, and 19.53 ± 0.48 MJ/m3, respectively. The toughness of the (PDDA/PEI)–(PSS/PAA) hydrogels is ∼5.2 and ∼108 times...


The twin aims of this study were to investigate the changes in anti-HBs IgG levels after booster vaccinations and to compare the effects of different vaccine doses in children aged 11-15 years who were both negative for HBsAg and had an Anti-HBs


In this paper, the driver with antiwindup and fuzzy high- performance and robust PI controller has been suggested for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM). This controller is suggested for the design of the robust driver for three phase PMSM and the cost reduction of its control system. It's useful for the industrial application and automation and ultimately speed control and the improvement of the dynamic behavior of the PMSM. Antiwindup control strategy prevents the increase of the output beyond its saturation point. So, it avoids the saturation. In effect, the suggestion of this new speed control scheme is in line with a goal to realize a better antiwindup scheme. The simulation results are shown for PMSM for two cases of antiwindup control strategy and fuzzy control strategy and with different operation modes. For this purpose, different three phase PMSM output waveforms are presented. These waveforms are presented for fuzzy control strategy in constant torque, constant speed and different reference speeds with focus on speed curve, electromagnetic torque and phase currents. KeywordsMagnet Synchronous Motor, speed control, antiwindup controller, fuzzy controller.


Mesoporous molecular sieve MCM-41 was prepared by microwave reaction.Then solid acid catalyst TiO2/S2O82-/MCM-41was prepared by liquid deposition method.The esterification reaction of acetic acid and iso-amyl alcohol was selected as a probe reaction to test the catalytic performance.Influence of calcination temperature,calcination time,concentration of(NH4)2S2O8,impregnation time and molar ratio of Ti to Si on the catalytic activity was investigated,the optimum conditions for preparation of the catalyst were obtained as follows: molar ratio of Ti to Si was 2,concentration of(NH4)2S2O8 was 0.5 mol/L,impregnation time was 5 h,calcination temperature and time were 550 ℃ and 4h.Under above conditions without water-carrying agents,the esterification rate can reach 73%.


Hypoplastic myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is characterized by dysplasia and hypocellularity. The treatment of choice for young patients is bone marrow transplantation.


Abstract This paper aims to overcome the defects of the traditional Holmstrom-Milgrom (HM) principal-agent theory, namely the limitation of rational agent hypothesis and the overemphasis on the single principal-agent relationship. To this end, the fairness preference was introduced to a new multiple principal-agent relationships model, and the rational agent hypothesis in the traditional theory was modified. The effect of fairness preference on the model was discussed under both information symmetry and information asymmetry. The discussion shows that fairness preference can significantly improve the effort level and income of all entities. In other words, the agents will work harder if the principal offers more incentives, such as increasing the output sharing ratio. However, the increase of risk aversion always suppresses the incentive effect of output sharing. In addition, the fairness preference also enhances the efficiency of principal-agent relationships. The research findings shed new light on the design of incentive mechanism for supply chains involving multiple principal-agent relationships.


The concept of integrated product information has been universalized so that many manufacturing industries have applied the concept to their production system. The field of PDM (Product Data Management), which is one of the core components of the integrated product information, is not an exception. Therefore, various PLM (Product Lifecycle Management) software providers are in process of suggesting the PDM solutions. As the PDM solution is widely adopted in the manufacturing industries, the successful application of the solution has been gathering more strength in manipulation of the product information. However, the standardized implementation methodology is stuck in the basic level contrast with the enhanced PDM's functionality and capability. Present study refers to the application of UML (Unified Modeling Language), which is an object oriented modeling description, to PDM system development procedure. The advantage of UML is its efficiency and effectiveness in handling complex requirement often found in PDM implementation works. This paper shows the integration of PDM and UML proposes a philosophy for the support of requirement analysis throughout the full implementation of PDM system.


The ternary system solvent (1)/polydimethylsiloxane (2)/poly(methyl methacrylate) (3) was investigated by light scattering. First the measurements were realized on mixtures containing low-molecular-weight polydimethylsiloxane: M2 ≪ M3. In a second step, high and comparable molecular weights of both polymers were chosen for the measurements. The thermodynamic interaction parameter χ23 was determined from light scattering data (spinodal) and demixtion curves as a function of concentration and molecular weight of the polymers. Also the variation of the angular repartition of the scattered light was studied and the results were compared with calculated values.


Hyperons are a powerful diagnostic tool that can shed light on some of the most intriguing questions in contemporary physics. Electromagnetic form factors (EMFFs) are currently the best way to study hyperon structure. In the time-like region the EMFFs can be complex with a relative phase. A non-zero phase polarizes the final state even when the initial state is unpolarized. A dedicated data sample collected by the BESIII experiment allowed for a first complete reconstruction of Λ in the time-like region. The ratio, R and relative phase between the electric and magnetic form factor, ΔΦ are measured to be 0.96±0.14(stat)±0.002(syst) and 37°±12°(stat)±6°(syst), respectively. In addition, the BESIII experiment has collected the world's largest J/ψ data sample. Due to symmetric excellent detector conditions and low hadronic background, the experiment offers a clean environment for CP-violation tests using J/ψ→B B ¯ . That hyperons can be polarized allows for a simultaneous measurement of angular distributions of hyperons and antihyperons and to test CP symmetry directly. This has been done for the process e + e − →J/ψ→Λ Λ ¯ recently measured by the BESIII experiment. The experimental results showed that the asymmetry decay parameter α(Λ → ππ−) = +0.750±0.009±0.004, is nearly twenty percent larger compared to the old PDG tabulated value. The test on CP symmetry, A CP,Λ Λ ¯ =−0.006±0.012±0.007 is the most sensitive test for Λ CP-violation. Preliminary results are presented for the process e + e − →J/ψ→ ∑ + ∑ − →p π 0 p ¯ π 0 . The asymmetry decay parameter α( ∑ ¯ − → p ¯ π 0 )=+0.992±0.037±0.008 and A CP, ∑ + ∑ − −0.015±0.037±0.008 −0.015 ± 0.037 ± 0.008 are both measured for the first time.


Human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are defined by their ability to differentiate into all blood lineages and to self-renew to sustain hematopoiesis throughout adult life. The low HSC frequency in biological specimens as well as our inability to purify HSCs to homogeneity have challenged the molecular characterization of these cells. HSC frequencies of 1 in 10 to 20 can be achieved by depleting CD38and CD45RA-expressing cells from uncultured human cord blood (CB) units and enriching for CD34-, CD90-, and CD49f-expressing cells, however, relying on these markers to evaluate HSC activity in vitro is not feasible because the expression of these markers changes dramatically when cells are introduced in culture (supplemental Figure 1, available on the Blood Web site). Dorell et al demonstrated that CD38 expression is lost in cultures initiated withCD34CD38 cells, which were reported to lack severe combined immunodeficiency– repopulating cell activity. CD90 cells were also shown to acquire the CD90 mark in vitro, producing cells with robust, long-term multilineage repopulating activity, highlighting the discrepancy between the HSC phenotype in vitro and repopulating activity in vivo. Therefore, to date, we are still lacking surrogate markers that define the hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) population ex vivo, and consequently, assessment of long-term HSC (LT-HSC) activity in expanded cultures still relies on time-consuming transplantation experiments in immunocompromised mice. Identifying surface molecules with expression levels that correlate with HSC repopulating activity is key to studying these cells and is expected to dramatically facilitate the development of high-throughput screening strategies aimed at identifying novel HSC agonists or genes involved in HSC expansion or differentiation. Our group has previously shown that the pyrimidoindole derivative UM171 stimulates human HSC expansion in vitro. Transcriptome analysis ofCD34-enrichedhumanCBpopulations revealed induction of endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) gene expression on UM171 treatment. Originally known as a key constituent of endothelial barrier protection, EPCR is essential for the anti-inflammatory function of its binding partner, activated protein C (APC). EPCR has been previously shown to identifymurineHSC populations. Recent studies have also demonstrated that the EPCR/PAR1 pathway regulates LT-HSC retention in the bonemarrow (BM) by restricting nitric oxide production and Cdc42 activity, leading to increased integrin very late activation antigen 4 affinity. In line with this finding, mice that were genetically modified to express low levels of EPCR at the cell surface (Procr) showed defects in HSC BM homing and increased levels of circulating HSCs. Surprisingly, although EPCR is commonly used to sort murine HSC-enriched subsets, efforts to demonstrate its reliability for sorting human HSCs were unsuccessful. In this article, we identify EPCR as a highly reliable surface marker for expanded human HSCs, independently of the culture conditions or duration.We alsodemonstrate that EPCRdefines a cell populationwith sustained shortand long-term repopulating activity and show that the transcriptional profile of expanded EPCR cells significantly matches that of freshly sorted HSCs. Finally, we provide evidence for a crucial role for EPCR in human HSC self-renewal.


Flood disasters have become one of the most threatening natural disasters in the world, in which waterlogging is the most common form in the context of highly urbanized megacities. The formation of flood disaster is related to many factors and involves information from multiple sources, making it difficult be predicted. This paper integrates multi-source information data, classifies the study area into different categories according to hydrological analysis results, and combines hydrodynamic theory and ArcGIS to get the quantitative prediction of the range and depth of waterlogging under different rainfall inputs. The evaluation results provide the government with accurate and timely information of waterlogging risks and locations in order to improve promptness of emergency management such as evacuation and managing traffics.


(57) Abstract: providing various services to the customers in a communication network, adding the available services list, is desirable to be able to change. Service delivery infrastructure 21 is provided, it is placed in the service control point of the intelligent Jena bets network structure, a service delivery using an array 20 unrelated features service. In the described device, service delivery infrastructure Structural § 21 has an object-oriented structure, interacts with the system, such as billing 22 and the network management 40 in a communication network by object infrastructure 21. A set of service selected for the user of a communication network In one aspect of the infrastructure 21, which set selected to provide effectively dedicated service network 30 for each customer.


As the aerospace composites industry expands into a global enterprise, the competition grows ever fiercer. Solving design-to-manufacturing challenges is critical to maintaining competitiveness. Vistagy's suite of aerospace composite part and assembly software is specifically conceived and designed to solve these issues and enable firms to successfully compete in today's economy.


China is the country whose old population is the largest and grow fastest in the world. With the development of economy and social progress, residential districts are changing into large scale and intellective ones. Because of all the advantages that household electric vehicles have (for example, low carbon energy, easy to handle, reasonable designed human engineering, etc), the author considers that the market of household electric vehicles will increase rapidly in the coming 5 years. The author analyzes the newly born market comprehensively, and draws a general conclusion about market and design demand of household electric vehicles based on residential districts.


The coating materials of slow release fertilizers were prepared by polymerization reaction between polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) and epoxy resin,and their structures were characterized by infrared ray.The water absorption of coatings was measured by the immersion test to determine the optimal modification scheme.In order to study the effect of coating materials,the nitrogen release of coated urea was investigated by a soil incubation method,and the effects of two coated fertilizers(LP40 and HP) are compared.The results show that etherification modified PVA is synthesized by reaction between epoxy groups and hydroxyl,which reduces the amounts of hydroxyls and the water absorption of the modified films.In deionizer water of 20±2℃,the water absorption of the modified film is 1152 g/kg,which is markedly reduced 884 g/kg compared with the pure PVA films.The concentration of PVA is 70 g/kg,the addition of epoxy resin is 25 g/kg(by mass of PVA solution),the reaction temperature is 60℃,and the reaction time is 2 hours,the modified film leads to lower water absorption.The coated fertilizer HP is effective to decrease nitrogen release,but the slow-release is poor compared with the LP40.


Contemporary design education becomes more complex and comprehensive because of its holistic character. The main problem in design education is the dilemma posed by theory and practice. There is a distance between everyday life/ reality and design ideas / possibilities. The integration of theory and practice is essential for preparing students to deal with the community and design issues during their professional life.