made it possible to iden-tify patterns and features of the influence of investment resources on the development of domestic industrial enterprises; grouping, systematization, system generalization, system approach for a com-prehensive study of the object of investment resource management; abstract-logical; systems analysis – in the analysis of methods and tools, investment management strategies for an industrial enterprise, as well as in the study of world experience in managing the development of an industrial enterprise in the context of European integration; financial and economic analysis – allowed to assess the current state of the received investments and assess their level of efficiency; forecasting - further ways of using investment resources for the modernization of leading industries are forecasted. Results. The negative consequences of the Russian-Ukrainian war affected all levels and sec-tors of the socio-economic system of the state. The investment advantage for our country on the path of European integration has been identified and considered. It has been proven that in case of obtaining EU membership, industrial enterprises have the opportunity to attract more foreign investment for their development in the form of grants or long-term loans at attractive interest rates, which will certainly contribute to technical re-equipment, development of innovative technologies, expansion and reconstruction of production. Entering the EU markets allows you to tap into the wider and more attractive bonuses of cooperation with the EU. In the process of studying attracted foreign direct investment, the uneven nature of receipts was determined. To attract foreign capital, a strong econ-omy, structural innovation policy and decentralization of foreign direct investment are necessary. Novelty. The analysis of the volume of direct investment by the EU made it possible to propose several measures that will increase the investment resources aimed at the activities of the industrial sector. Examples of successful attraction of European grants to industrial enterprises are analyzed, and priority directions for their use are proposed to increase interest in the final product in the EU market. Practical value. The ways of improving the investment attractiveness of industrial enterprises to raise funds in the context of European integration are proposed. The study of investment volumes makes it possible to use the resources received to create high-tech products, obtain additional financial resources, expand production, and modernize production facilities. The advanced European funds for attracting funds to industrial enterprises and the methodology for obtaining grants have been identified.


Make clear that the basic conception of the course of environment education is the key problem of constructing educational course of the environment, and one of the basic topics of the course study. Because basic conception reflects not merely the aim, idea, purpose and goal of teaching, but connects directly with the development of teaching material, selection and compilation of teaching contents, construction of teaching material system, and the course evaluation. It is suggested that the course conception is the spirit of the courses and teaching material, and a highly summation of teaching contents


In the current recession, German television has developed a particular proclivity for 'emigration shows'. In this article, I explore the most prominent of these, Goodbye Deutschland – Die Auswanderer (Goodbye Germany – The Emigrants, since 2006). Through a figurative analysis, I investigate how Goodbye Germany produces its female protagonists as failed national subjects worthy of social derision and contempt. By highlighting how the programme equates the departure from Germany with a departure from coherent feminine respectability, I show how we can understand this programme as a cultural expression of 'commercial nationalism' that produces Germany as a 'safe haven' within an economically unstable Europe.


Resources for school librarians who are new to the position in the School District of Palm Beach County Forms and procedures in the event of a book challenge


Anthony James (Tony) DeCasper, Professor Emeritus of Developmental Psychology at the University of North Carolina, Greensboro; Affiliate Scientist at the Institute of Psychology, Université Paris Descartes − Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Processus de Santé, "Psychopathologie et Développement: autisme et handicaps" Group. Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and Fellow of the Association for Psychological Science Tony DeCasper passed away on July 4, 2016, from complications of a glioblastoma at the age of 75. He received his bachelor's degree from the University of Akron, served in the US Air Force from 1963 to 1967 (honorably discharged at the rank of Captain), began his graduate work in developmental psychology at the University of Iowa, and received his PhD from Emory University in 1974. Tony joined the faculty of the University of North Carolina, Greensboro, where he was chair of the Department of Psychology for 7 years and from which he later retired in 2012. This past decade he lived between France and the United States, and recently made his home in Trouville-sur-Mer, Normandy. Tony's scientific career is marked by his ground-breaking research demonstrating how prenatal and neonatal auditory perceptual experiences contribute to the development of human cognitive abilities. He started as a behaviorist working with pigeons on the psychophysics of key-peck duration (DeCasper & Zeiler, 1974, 1977; Zeiler, Davis, & DeCasper, 1980). For these pigeon studies he used several operant conditioning techniques that were the basis of procedures he later transformed for experiments with newborn human infants. The infant procedures were based on the ability of neonates to control sucking and to change sucks on a pacifier in order to produce different streams of sounds, including famously, the maternal voice (DeCasper & Fifer, 1980). His research tactics with newborns were designed to reveal the prenatal roots of learning and memory. He later, in collaboration with a group of French researchers, extended his efforts to study perception and learning prior to birth. Tony was one of only a few scientists studying human prenatal and newborn behavior in the 1980s and up until his death, Tony, with his graduate students at the time, tested hypotheses about neonatal learning and cognition using variants of the sucking procedure. During his initial work with newborns, he and Bill Fifer developed the foundational procedure based on the burst-pause pattern typical of newborn sucking. In this procedure, infants were tested in the hospital after birth, and they heard an auditory stimulus contingent upon their sucking. The procedure afforded infants the opportunity to "choose" to hear one of two available stimuli by modifying the temporal properties of their sucking patterns. The researchers also observed that sucking burst durations are correlatedwith the preceding pause or inter-burst-interval (IBI) so that by presenting different stimuli contingent on production of shorter or longer IBIs, they could examine the relative reinforcing value of the two stimuli. Although this differential reinforcement or "choice" procedure was grounded in operant conditioning, Tony used this procedure to explore infants' responsiveness to complex and naturalistic auditory events. These studies revealed that already at birth, infants have preferences about the sounds they wish to trigger and hear, and they yielded new evidence for selective attention, memory and the impact of prenatal experience on neonatal perception, behavior, and cognitive abilities. Tony's methods provided the first direct experimental evidence that neonates recognize the maternal voice. Indeed, by altering their sucking pattern, newborns can affect what they hear (show a "preference"). They prefer: the mother's voice compared to a nonfamiliar female voice (DeCasper & Fifer, 1980), and also a low-pass version of the mother's voice, that simulates vocal properties transduced into the uterine environment, compared to the airborne postnatal voice (Spence &DeCasper, 1987). The method also revealed that heartbeat sounds are a potent reinforcer (DeCasper & Sigafoos, 1983). These results imply that the human fetal brain encodes and retains some properties of ambient sound experienced in utero. However, definitive evidence for the effect of prenatal rather than postnatal experience on infants' preference for the maternal voice could only be provided by manipulating in utero exposure to specific stimuli with no postnatal exposure until testing. Therefore, Tony completed studies using stimuli that mothers had been directed to


The purpose of this paper is to document when and how the use of clinical interviews may have impacted a prospective teacher enrolled in a mathematics methods course within an elementary education certification program. In particular, we present changes or shifts in the ways in which she: (1) reflected on the clinical interview videos she viewed (using VITAL software); and, (2) applied the ideas to her own clinical interviews with young children. Preliminary results point to an increased sophistication in the nature of observations made about the children in the VITAL videos. In addition, there is a progression in the ways in which this teacher was able to follow student thinking and ask follow-up/extension questions while conducting her own interviews.


Objective To evaluate the efficacy of different doses of dexmedetomidine mixed with ropivacaine for brachial plexus block.Methods One hundred and twenty ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients of both sexes,aged 20-60 yr,weighing 40-70 kg,scheduled for upper extremity surgery under brachial plexus block,were randomly divided into 6 groups (n =20 each):ropivacaine group (group R) and different doses of dexmedetomidine groups (groups RD1-5).Brachial plexus block was performed using the interscalene approach.In group R,interscalene brachial plexus block was performed using 0.5 % ropivacaine 25 ml (single injection).In groups RD1.5,interscalene brachial plexus block was induced with a mixture (25 ml) of dexmedetomidine 0.25,0.50,0.75,1.00,1.25μg/kg and 0.5 % ropivacaine,respectively.The onset time and duration of sensory and motor block were recorded.The adverse effects such as adverse cardiovascular events,excessive sedation,and pneumothorax were also recorded.Results Compared with group R,the onset time was significantly shortened,and the duration of block was prolonged (P < 0.05).Compared with groups RD1 and RD2,the onset time was significantly shortened,and the duration of block was prolonged in groups RD3 5 (P < 0.05).There was no significant difference in the parameters mentioned above between groups RD1 and RD2 or among groups RD3,RD4 and RD5 (P > 0.05).Some patients developed bradycardia,hypotension or excessive sedation in groups RD4 and RD5,while no adverse effects were observed in the other groups.Conclusion Dexmedetomidine 0.75 μg/kg mixed with 0.5 % ropivacaine 25 ml can be safely and effectively used for brachial plexus block in patients.

Key words:
Dexmedetomidine;  Amides;  Brachial plexus;  Nerve block


With fastening of China entering WTO process,it is indispensable that negotiate security fields open to outside,but the opening to outside of negotiate security fields must obey General agreement of Service Trade of WTO.Viewing the present circumstance of the opening to outside of negotiate security fields,The scale negotiate security fields and structure and operation organization can not meet demands of WTO,the article put forth negotiate fields opening to outside must obey suitable opening,and gradually go to location and both sides is equal basic principle.


Abstract TimeSlips is an award-winning, non-pharmacologic, creative storytelling intervention designed specifically for individuals living with dementia by Anne Basting. As part of the NextGen pilot program, George Mason University implemented TimeSlips at a dementia-specific adult day health care center with undergraduate and graduate students trained as facilitators. They worked with two different populations living with ADRD – an early-stage group and a moderate- to late-stage group. Students who participated reflected upon their experiences and noted that they learned so much about the importance of open-ended questions and accepting even one-word answers. One student stated: "This makes so much sense, as I have noticed participants take these open-ended questions and deliver beautifully unexpected and clever responses." The implementation was different for these two groups, and our analysis of the content and process indicate that consistency and person-centeredness are key to participants' expression of pride and joy in their accomplishments.


To explore the teaching model in bilingual teaching of basic medical science in higher vocational course,we carried out different models of bilingual teaching in the courses of human anatomy,biochemistry and pathology.Moreover,the investigation and assessment of bilingual teaching were made.It will research the feasibility and necessity of the bilingual teaching of basic medical courses,ponder the problems in the course of teaching and put forward some suggestions.


Recently, Turkey has attracted investors' attention as one of the emerging countries like Asian or Latin American countries, and its high economic growth is expected to continue in the future. It is supported by the activity of private companies, and such enterprises have been listed on the Istanbul Stock Exchange (ISE) market since the 1990's. In this paper, we examine the role of corporate governance in top executive turnover in Turkey. We focus on the impact of the family company corporate system. As for the features of Turkish firms, we highlight the following three points; the ownership structure is remarkably concentrated, ownership and management is not separate but in many cases the founder family participates in management as for board members, the existence of a business group with bank where the founder family is positioned at the top of the pyramidal structure. As a result, we find that the corporate governance system works by top executive turnover in Turkey. We also see that the probability of turnover rises when a member of the founder family participates in management. However, the probability of turnover rises when ROE is negative for two years. This suggests the advantage of efficient family management.


The endurance degradation of HfO2-based ferroelectric films limits their development toward practical applications. In this work, we systematically investigate the ferroelectric endurance properties of Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 (HZO) film under various pulse voltages and pulse widths, and it is found that the fatigue severity increases first and then decreases with increasing pulse voltage or width. The nonmonotonic fatigue trend explains the controversial results in the literature that both faster and slower fatigues with increasing voltage were observed in HZO. Accordingly, low voltages of ±1.6 V/100 ns are applied for cycling the HZO device to achieve weaker fatigue and a sufficiently switched ferroelectric polarization (7–12 μC cm−2), and a recovery method by introducing wake-up effect is utilized to realize an enhanced endurance >1.01 × 1012 (>5.0 × 1013 in expectation). Our work provides a universal way to weaken fatigue and improve endurance performance of HfO2-based ferroelectric random access memory devices.


This design achieves 10 sickbeds priority call function by LabVIEW and Multisim.It displays the working process in the front panel through the flow diagram model and subroutine diagram dynamically,this system proves to be stable.It also solves the problem of complex design in VI and improves the simulation efficiency compared with what is only based on LabVIEW.


This is the annual special CIT issue of JETS. Professor Wayne Jones chaired the committee that selected the best papers that were presented at this year's 20th CIT conference. The conference was held on May 24-27 at the SUNY Oneonta campus. This issue starts with two articles that discuss how cloud computing tools can be used to enhance higher education programs. The third article explores another new technology, namely, transmedia storytelling. The other five articles provide ideas and examples of how other forms of technology can be used to support teaching and learning. The first article presents an overview of how educational applications of cloud computing can be used to support research and collaborative learning. It explores four significant features of cloud computing for educators at higher education institutions: file storage, file synchronization, creation of documents, and collaboration. It also discusses a variety of free web-based tools designed to address specific academic goals. Further, to understand the current perception of cloud computing by higher education professionals, a survey was conducted of 80 faculty members. The results, reporting their current and potential future uses as well as their concerns about cloud computing, are presented and discussed. The second article provides a rich resource for educators who are exploring how cloud computing systems might enhance the design and implementation of professional development programs. It is based on the premise that F2F professional development can be augmented with cloud-based technology tools to extend viable training supports. These tools can build "cookie crumb" trails that facilitate trainees' post-training access to and interaction with learning resources. The authors also describe two primary solution sets: cloud-based "launch pads" and interactive product building with collaborative publishing. Professor Harry Pence has published a number of forward-looking articles in JETS to alert readers to potential educational applications of new information technologies. In this issue, he continues this tradition, as he discusses "Teaching with Transmedia." He says that "the media environment is currently


The invention relates to lead/carbon nano tube compound powder and a preparation method thereof. The lead/carbon nano tube compound powder comprises Pb and multi-wall carbon nano tube (MWCNT), wherein the weight percentage of the PbO is 20 to 50 percent, and the grain size of the Pb is 10 to 35 nanometers. The preparation method adopts a chemical plating method, and comprises the following steps:purifying the multi-wall carbon nano tube and oxidizing and modifying the surface of the multi-wall carbon nano tube, then adding the multi-wall carbon nano tube into stoichiometric palladium salt solution to activate the mixture, then adding lead salt plating solution and reducing agent into the mixture, and ultrasonic dispersing, stirring, washing and filtering the mixture to obtain the compound powder. The method is simple and has mild conditions; and the prepared lead oxide/carbon nano tube compound powder has better catalytic effect for combustion of biradical or modified biradical propelling agent when as a combustion catalyst.


The following dissertation aims at presenting the dependencies between the aesthetic theory by the Scottish philosopher Francis Hutcheson and the critic philosophy by Immanuel Kant. Those issues seem to be worth discussing in the light of some new research into the British aesthetics: particularly, for its significance in the field of newly created domain that aesthetic has become after Alexander Baumgarten and, mostly, after critical philosophy by Immanuel Kant. The comparison of the views held by Hutcheson and Kant shows the importance of the theory of beauty presented by the Scottish philosopher that results not only from his acknowledging the epistemological significance of an aesthetic experience and accepting that it is conditioned by disinterestedness of perception. What is important is Hutcheson's place in the evolution of the concept of aesthetics, which took place in the 18th century and which was crowned by Kant and his Critique of the Power of Judgment.


The invention provides a multifunctional six-axis manipulator. The multifunctional six-axis manipulator comprises a base, an upper arm, a lower arm, a first rotating seat, a second rotating seat, a first transmission mechanism, a second transmission mechanism, a third transmission mechanism, a fourth transmission mechanism, a fifth transmission mechanism and a sixth transmission mechanism. The whole manipulator structure adopts aluminium alloy castings, the weight of the manipulator is reduced, the motor load is reduced, a high-precision harmonic reducer is arranged on each of the six axes, a first-axis servo motor, a second-axis servo motor, a third-axis servo motor and a sixth-axis servo motor and the reducers are directly connected, errors are effectively reduced, and the precision is improved. An automatic compensation module monitors dynamic feedback of the servo motors at any time for position correcting compensation. The performance of the servo motors is optimized by adjusting internal parameters of drivers, so that the servo motors can work stably. A control system sends various pulse commands to the servo drivers through efficient and accurate calculation so as to control the manipulator to complete various actions efficiently and accurately, and the accuracy is improved.


ABSTRACT This study explores the state of conservation of historic buildings and the challenges facing their conservation from the perspective of resident in Kilwa Kivinje in Tanzania. The findings based on observation of 34 buildings indicate that the majority are in a relatively poor state. Ethnographic inquiry with 22 residents indicates that this situation is due to not only a limited awareness of conservation issues and responsibilities, but also socio-psychological and relational challenges such as a limited sense of heritage ownership, the lack of interest and motivation to conserve, neglect by owners and occupants and lack of trust in the conservation authorities; and socio-economic challenges such as limited economic benefits and scarcity of resources. Residents also perceive that there is weak enforcement of antiquities legislation, limited assistance from the antiquities' agencies and that they are not involved in the decision-making process. Unlike past research that engaged in the authoritative discourse to explain the challenges of conserving heritage, this study has engaged in the under-researched resident discourse. It thus broadens our understanding of the challenges and further enlightens experts on the significance of considering residents' perspectives when designing and implementing conservation strategies. It also makes broad locally-based practical recommendations to cultural heritage management in Kilwa Kivinje and related sites in order to rectify the situation of poor state of conservation.


A new class of exogenous marker, based on polyazamacrocycic chelates of Tb (III) or Eu (III) have been shown to be useful for improving imaging contrast or enhanced tissue-site visualization when fluorescence detection is employed (1-5).


Abstract The article describes the results of a retrospective analysis of medical records of 395 patients with a clinical diagnosis of leptospirosis treated at the Lviv Oblast Infectious Disease Clinical Hospital (Ukraine) between 2002 and 2016. The main risk factors for leptospirosis were contact with rodents or their excrements (26.84%) and bathing in ponds, small lakes, and reservoirs (10.63%). Among 276 patients in whom the anti-leptospira antibodies were detected by the microscopic agglutination test (MAT), the most common serotypes were Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae (33.33%) and Leptospira grippotyphosa (25.0%). The mortality rate was significantly higher in patients where leptospirosis diagnosis was established based on clinical symptoms without confirmation by MAT (15.13% vs. 5.43%, p < 0.01).


This paper seeks to enhance understanding of how individuals go about making truth/lie judgments. In this paper, we argue for the existence of three distinct constructs related to suspicion (generalized communicative suspicion or "GCS," situationally‐aroused or "state" suspicion, and lie‐bias), create and validate a measure of GCS, and provide a test of the relationship between these constructs. Results from three separate studies are reported. The first study tested the dimensionality and construct validity of a newly‐developed measure of GCS. The second study provided a replication of the GCS scale's factor structure, and further tested its construct validity by examining the scale in comparison to measures of several related constructs. The third study tested the predictive utility of this measure, and allowed for a test of the relationship between GCS, state suspicion, and lie‐bias. The results of all three studies are consistent with the validity of the GCS measure, and have important implications fo...


Different compositions of the Inx(Se0.75Te0.25)100-x (where 0 ≤x ≤10 at. %) chalcogenide thin films were prepared by using thermal evaporation method. A double beam spectrophotometer was used in order to measuring the film transmittance (T(λ)) at normal incidence in the wavelength range 400-2500 nm for these films. Applying the well known Swanepoel's method helps us in order to drive the film thickness and the real (n) and imaginary (k) parts of complex refractive index. Increasing the In content affect both the refractive index and the extinction coefficient for Inx(Se0.75Te0.25)100-x thin films. Optical absorption measurements show that the fundamental absorption edge is a function of composition. With increasing In content the refractive index increases while the optical band gap decreases. The obtained results well discussed in terms of the chemical bond approach and the cohesive energy.


To the Editor:

The distribution of fibronectin in the bone marrow stromal extracellular matrix will influence adhesion and localization of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells that bind to its two major cell-binding domains via α4β1 and α5β1 integrins. The α4β1 integrin may have a role in


Despite strong implication of the neuromodulators acetylcholine (ACh) and norepinephrine (NE) in cognitive tasks, there is little consensus on their computational functions. We propose that they report uncertainties: ACh signals expected uncertainty, coming from known variability within a context; NE signals unexpected uncertainty, as when the environment is dramatically changed. We apply these ideas to a novel attention task, which allows explicit manipulation of expected and unexpected uncertainties. In our model, ACh and NE interact in a precisely specified and part-opponent, part-synergistic manner. Simulation results replicate existent data, and make experimentally tractable predictions regarding neuronal responses and certain psychophysical measures.


Objective: To formulate economic transdermal patch of lornoxicam (LX) and to study its anti-inflammatory activity on acute and chronic inflammatory in rat models Method: Three LX transdermal patches (F1, F2 and F3) consist of Eudragit RL-100 and RS-100 in three different ratios (1:2, 1:1 and 2:1) were prepared respectively by the solvent evaporation technique. All formulations contain diethylphthalate as plasticizer. The physicochemical compatibility of the drug and the polymers was studied by differential scanning colorimetry. The prepared LX transdermal patches were evaluated for their drug content, patch thickness, folding endurance, surface pH and in vitro drug permeation. The anti-inflammatory activity of LX transdermal patch was determined using two animal experimental designs one for acute inflammation ( rat paw edema) and the other for chronic inflammation (granuloma pouch) on eighty adult albino rats. The results obtained were statistically analyzed. Results: The data showed physicochemical compatibility between the drug and the polymers used. The LX patches (F1, F2 and F3) prepared were uniform thickness, drug content and the pH of LX patch was found to be 6.5. Increasing the ratio of the Eudragit ® RL-100 polymer to eudragit RS 100 (F3) showed a corresponding increase in the folding endurance of patches. Diethyl phthalate led to increase elasticity for the patches. F3 showed higher drug permeation than F2 and F1. Edema (anti-inflammatory effect) was significantly decreased in group V followed by group IV then by group III in case of the two animal experimental designs. Group V received LX transdermal patch (F3). Conclusion: The present study showed that the prepared economic lornoxicam transdermal patch has good properties with a high efficiency as an anti-inflammatory drug on acute and chronic inflammatory models. INTRODUCTION: Inflammation is a reaction of tissue to injury, expressed by five cardinal points: pain, swelling, redness, heat, and loss of function. Inflammation and pain relieving drugs are the most commonly used drugs worldwide either through prescription or as over the counter medication.


Guillain Barre Syndrome (GBS), was originally described by Guillain et. al in 1916 following two case reports. In 1936 Guillain himself described more cases in a further report} and since then this condition has been widely published. Several different terms have been used to describe this illness and these includes acute infective polyneuritis, acute febrile polyneuritis of OsIer and acute idiopathic polyneuritis. This condition is uncommon and its incidence is about 1.7 per 100,000 population.


The goal of this study to demonstrate the effectiveness of accounting information system's impact on the employee performance with the ease of use of the system as a moderating variable in PT. BPR Sri Artha Lestari Denpasar. Sample size of 82 employees who were taken by purposive sampling technique. This research used multiple linear regression and Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) as analysis technique to test hypotheses. The study found that the effectiveness of Accounting Information Systems ( AIS ) and the ease of use of the system had significant positive reaction on employee performance. But the ease of use of the system had a value that was not significant at the relationship between the effectiveness of AIS with the performance of employees, so the ease of use of the system instead of moderating variables.


Unit commitment has been at the center of power system operations for over 50 years. Yet, this problem cannot be considered solved due to its size and complexity. Today, operators rely on off-the-shelf optimization solvers to tackle it, and often resort to simplifications to make the problem tractable and solvable in reasonable times. Nonetheless, despite the simplifications and advancements in commercial optimization solvers, solving the unit commitment in a timely manner is still a challenge. In this work, we propose a parallel dual dynamic integer programming approach for solving this problem. Different from what can be currently found in the literature, our parallel approach is applied to a deterministic problem and thus requires induced parallelization. Our strategy is assessed on 20 cases of a hydrothermal system with over 7,000 buses and it is able to solve all instances to a 0.1% gap in less than two hours with speed-ups up to 9.2 compared to a sequential strategy. We also apply our strategy to a purely thermal, large-scale academic system with 9,241 buses, 16,049 transmission lines and 1,445 generating units, for which our strategy returns a 0.1% solution in less than 30 min.


The EPR paradox dates back to 1935 when Einstein et al., through the use of non commuting operators, proposed that quantum mechanics was not complete[1] in that it suggested a "spooky action at a distance." Later in 1964 John Bell was able to express the dilemma in a simple inequality[2] involving spin singlet states. If the inequality were satisfied then Einstein was correct and if it were violated then it favored the quantum mechanics point of view. In what follows, we present two approaches to Bell's inequality, and then offer an interpretation from the viewpoint of quantum mechanics based on the principle that the whole is more than the sum of its parts. This is then combined with the properties of the SU(2) group to give a more intuitive understanding of non-locality and spin entanglement from the perspective of the relativistic characteristics of rotations.


The current standard for the Thamil phonetic keyboard layout is the Tamilnet99 keyboard, which was recommended by a special committee at the 1999 Tamilnet Conference (¯A¸o ¾A¢u þ¨½Â ¸Oo¾AiI Ai?iI) held in Chennai and later accepted by the Government of Thamilnadu [1-2]. An important goal in deciding the optimum phonetic keyboard layout includes placement of Thamil letters with a higher frequency of usage at 'stronger' key positions, and placement of Thamil letters with a lower frequency of usage at 'weaker' key positions [3]. There is reason to believe that improvements can be made in the Tamilnet99 keyboard. We hypothesize that slight modifications to the Tamilnet99 keyboard layout will increase optimization of the aforementioned goal. The aim of this paper is to analyze whether and how the efficiency and user-friendliness of key positions in the Tamilnet99 keyboard can be improved to match strength of key position with frequency of Thamil letter usage.


Raru is a local name referring to those of wild tropical trees belonging to the member of Dipterocarpaceae family which are targeted by illegal logger for its wood and bark. Raru wood is widely used for buildings and furniture, while its bark is used for medicinal purposes. Raru tree has disjunctive distribution in Sumatera and Kalimantan with different species variations. The high demand on raru wood has led to population decrease in their natural distribution, meaning that conservation is needed for this species. Species identification is the initial step to determine diversity and relatedness among raru species. The objective of this study was to identify the morphological character of local raru trees in Sibuluan Nauli and to determine their phylogenetic relatedness. Morphological identification was conducted by observing and measuring the stem, leaf, canopy, and resin characters. The results of morphological analysis showed that there were variations in morphological characters of local raru tree species. The phylogenetic identification of songal raru, dahanon raru, pulut raru, and jonggi raru showed that songal raru and pulut raru were not closely related, with genetic distance of 0.8473 while the n dahanon raru and jonggi were closely related, with genetic distance of 0.3878.


In juridical field, some keywords in evidence, such as murder, robbery, are quite valuable for judges to classify the evidences. Feeding these keywords in evidences with other words into a united model may weaken the significance of these keywords. In order to overcome this weakness, we propose a simple modification to the Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) architecture to better use both of these keywords and other words. In this paper, we present a new convolutional neural networks(CNNs) with keywords group for crime classification over legal articles. Unlike previous methods, our approach emphasizes those important keywords and integrates them into a CNN model. Our models achieve better performance on our legal articles dataset.


The model describes coupled electron/photon transport through extended media in the presence of macroscopic magnetic fields of arbitrary spatial dependence. Collisional transport is accomplished via condensed-history electron Monte Carlo and single-scattering photon Monte Carlo. Production and transport of relevant secondary electrons and photons are included along with electron energy loss straggling. State-of-the-art differential equation solvers are employed in order to obtain the magnetic field trajectories of the electrons. Options are available which allow for transport through variable density media and for switching the field off in regions where transport is collision dominated. Results from selected model applications are also presented.


The radio transceiver of an Internet of Things (IoT) device is often where most of the energy is consumed. For this reason, most research so far has focused on low-power circuit and energy-efficient physical layer designs, with the goal of reducing the average energy per information bit required for communication. While these efforts are valuable per se, their actual effectiveness can be partially neutralized by ill-designed network, processing, and resource management solutions, which can become a primary factor of performance degradation, in terms of throughput, responsiveness, and energy efficiency. The objective of this paper is to describe an energy-centric and context-aware optimization framework that accounts for the energy impact of the fundamental functionalities of an IoT system and that proceeds along three main technical thrusts: 1) balancing signal-dependent processing techniques (compression and feature extraction) and communication tasks; 2) jointly designing channel access and routing protocols to maximize the network lifetime; and 3) providing self-adaptability to different operating conditions through the adoption of suitable learning architectures and of flexible/reconfigurable algorithms and protocols. After discussing this framework, we present some preliminary results that validate the effectiveness of our proposed line of action, and show how the use of adaptive signal processing and channel access techniques allows an IoT network to dynamically tune lifetime for signal distortion, according to the requirements dictated by the application.


The present paper reports a new series of experimental data of CHF (critical heat flux) of pool boiling on cylinders. Platinum wires of 30 mm in length are simultaneously used as heaters and thermometers. Their diameters are 0.1, 0.06, and 0.025 mm, respectively. FC-72 and acetone are used as working fluids. The range of the subcooling is from 0 K to about 50 K. The gaps between CHF and MHF (minimum heat flux) become narrower and narrower with the decrease of the heater diameter. But it exists even in the saturated pool boiling on the smallest wire in the present study. The dependence of CHF on the subcooling in acetone differs from that in FC-72 though the data locate in the similar range of Bond number in the two different kinds of working fluids. It indicates that interactions between the influences of the subcooling and size on CHF will be important for the small Bond number, and that there may exist some other parameters, which may be material-dependant, in addition to the Bond number that play important roles in the CHF phenomenon with small Bond number.Copyright © 2009 by ASME


Background: Frailty is a common condition in older people affecting around 1.8 million people in the UK and is independently associated with adverse outcomes. Frailty is commonly measured with the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) which involves a face to face assessment. There is evidence the CFS can be assigned retrospectively from information in patient records, but no research has assessed whether scores can be assigned using routine inpatient records. We aimed to assess whether a CFS could be accurately assigned using hospital inpatient records in a UK setting.
Methods: Forty newly admitted patients aged 65 and over were prospectively recruited at Bradford Royal Infirmary. A CFS score was assigned to each patient using a face to face assessment. A CFS score was independently assigned to each patient solely using information in the inpatient records. A quadratically weighted Cohen's Kappa was used to estimate inter-rater reliability (IRR) between the assessments.
Results: A Kappa of 0.84 was estimated for the IRR between the scores derived from a face to face assessment and those based solely on inpatient records, indicating good agreement. The Kappa score fell to 0.7 when a 4 category collapsed version of the CFS was used. The IRR appeared unaffected by the number of times a patient had been admitted recently.
Conclusion: The CSF may accurately be determined from data routinely recorded in inpatient records. Retrospectively derived scores can, therefore, be used in analysis of patient outcomes of older people in research and service improvement.


The use of the Bluetooth smart technology as a communication framework to interconnect the robots is presented in this paper. Moreover, signal metrics of this network are used to provide an embedded Range Only localization scheme (RO-SLAM). When working with teams of robots, the communication between them is very important as it allows them to cooperate for the performing of the tasks. Additionally, being able to localize each other can allow the robots to optimize tasks and work more efficiently. Having both communication and localization integrated on-board in an small device is advantageous for micro-aerial systems in which payload is highly limited.


Identification of rRNA processing gene homologs of yeast in Neurospora crassa This regular paper is available in Fungal Genetics Reports: https://newprairiepress.org/fgr/vol34/iss1/3 B. gal-4 and gal-7 C.F. Roberts 1963 (J. Gen. Microbiol. 31:45-58 and Ph.D. thesis, Glasgow 1961) originally found that these two leaky galactose mutants showed only partial complementation and were apparently closely linked: he concluded that the mutations were allelic. He also concluded from a haploidization that gal-4 was probably in linkage group I, but the then switched to mitotic crossing-over experiments with gal-7 and showed that this mutant could not be on either arm of chromosome I, and a further haploidization with gal-7 suggested, on the basis of 8 segregants, that it might be on VIII. Some time ago, I tried to retest the location of gal-7, and in two haploidizations concluded that it was probably in linkage group IV, but neither experiment was without its difficulties (either of gal classification or of allele ratios) and a third haploidization was totally inconclusive. No meiotic linkage of gal-7 to linkage group markers has been found over the years, strains. although sane gal-7 is present on a number of mapping I also failed to find linkage with markers on IV in one cross. Lacking any hard evidence, in the latest edition of Genetic Maps (Cold Spring Harbor 1986) I have designated gal-7 as belonging to a separate locus: galH, possibly located on IV. Classification of galactose non-utilizers appears to be a common problem, variable from cross to cross. It seem likely that these mutants are subject to suppression by unsuspected markers in the stocks: it might be worthwhile to test for the effect of ssbA (sorbitol suppressor E. Käfer 1986, FGN 33:27-28) on galactose mutants. Institute of Genetics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G11 5JS, Scotland Dutta, S.K., Madhu Verma and Ribosomal RNA genes play a vital role in the development of an organism. In eucaryotes, Mukesh Verma the precursor ribosomal RNA genes are transcribed and then processed into mature rRNAs viz. 5.8s. Identification of rRNA processing 17S and 26S. This processing of pre-rRNA is believed to be regulated by protein products of gene homologs of yeast in specific genes. In yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) some of the rRNA processing genes Neurospora crassa have been identified, cloned and sequenced (Sollner-Webb, B. and J. Tower 1986 Ann. Rev. Biochem. 55:137-152). Very little is known about the processing of rRNA genes of Neurospora. We were therefore interested, as a first step, in identifying DNA sequences of Neurospora crassa 74A that would hybridize with the rRNA processing genes of yeast using cloned yeast-rRNA-processing genes as probes. DNA sequences containing rRNA-processing genes of yeast were supplied by Anita Hooper (Pennsylvania State University), Robert L. Last (Carnegie-Mellon University) and Robert J. Crouch (National Institutes of Health). Neurospora crassa wild type 74A DNA was isolated as described by Chambers et al. 1986 (Gene 44:159-164 and neuroblastoma, E. coli and rice DNAs were isolated by following the standard methods described by Verma and Dutta, 1986 (Curr. Genet. 11:309-314). Hybridization conditions were as described by Maniatis et al., 1982 (In: Molecular Cloning A Lab Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory). Plasmid DNAs of RNA1, RNA2, RNA3, RNA4 and RNA5 yeast genes were cloned into E. coli LE392 and named pRP1-pRP5 respectively. Nuclear DNAs from N. crassa wild type 74A and distantly related organisms like animal neuroblastoma cell line NG108, Oryza sativa and E. coli were digested with restriction enzymes PstI, HindIII, EcoRI, BamHI, KpnI and SmaI and run on 0.7% agarose gels. The molecular weight markers were lambda DNA digested with Hind III and pCC103 DNA (Dutta et al., 1986 The Nucleus 29:9-20) digested with either PstI or EcoRI. DNAs from gels were transferred to nitrocellulose filters by Southern technique and hybridized with rRNA processing gene clones (pRPl-pRP5) as probes. Results indicate that clones pRP1, pRP2, pRP3 and pRP4 (containing rRNA processing genes 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively) hybridized with N. crassa DNA (under highly stringent conditions of hybridization), but not with phage DNA, rice DNA or neuroblastoma DNA. This suggests that analogs of rRNA processing genes exist in the N. crassa strain 74A. Supported in part by a contract with the Department of Energy and partly from an institutional grant from the National Institute of Health to SKD. Depts. of Botany and Genetics & Human Genetics, Howard Univ., Washington DC 20059


A generation approach of photonic logic minterms and maxterms, which is fully reconfigured minterms and maxterms for four-input 40-Gb/s differential phase-shift keying (DPSK) signals, has been demonstrated based on delay interferometers and semiconductor optical amplifiers. The maxterms are directly derived by inverting the corresponding minterms, according to their complementary characteristics. Reconfigurations of the scheme, enabled by tuning either the phase shift of delay interferometer or input wavelength, are shown among 16 minterms, as well as corresponding maxterms. A full set of minterms and maxterms are captured with clear open eye diagrams and extinction ratios of over 10 and 8 dB, respectively, which indicate the potential of further realizing arbitrary complex logic operations.


In this paper, by employing a fixed-point theorem in cones, we study a kind of higher-dimension impulsive functional differential equation with parameter as follows: x' = A(t)x(t) + lambdaf(t, xt), t npar tauk, Deltax|t = tau k = Ik(x(tauk)), t = tauk, k isin Z+. some results on the existence of periodic solutions are obtained.


There is no doubt that CMC can play an irreplaceable role in language teaching classrooms especially in collaborative writing in that it can create a boundless space and situation through some programs in which the process of writing can be fully explored by both teachers and students in terms of different types of interaction,either asynchronously or synchronously.This,in a sense,may never be achieved in a traditional language teaching classroom.However,it does not mean the less importance of teachers' role in the class.On the contrary,rather than taking teachers' place in the classroom,the integration of CMC to writing class will bring new challenges and demands to the qualification of language instructors.


important study is that there is nothing inevitable about civilian devastation in the midst of war. And whether belligerents make calculated strategic choices to protect civilians, or if they genuinely embrace humanitarian norms, they do respond to legal and moral suasion if the costs are high enough—hence the need to ramp up support for human rights and humanitarian law, to publicize wartime abuses, and to push for criminal accountability in the wake of the violence. Without these political pressures, combatants will indeed feel that anything goes. With them, we can all help tame the hard hand of war.


The progress in the production technology for PVC resin and its raw material vinyl chloride were introduced,and the varieties and application field of PVC products were discussed.


─ A novel and compact 5.2/5.8GHz dual narrow band-notched ultra wideband (UWB) slot antenna with inverted U-shaped parasitic strips is presented. The band notches of this antenna fed by a coplanar waveguide (CPW) are realized by two pairs of inverted U-shaped parasitic strips. Each pair consists of two separate strips which are similar and close to each other. And dual narrow rejected properties in the lower WLAN band (5.15-5.35GHz) and upper WLAN band (5.7255.825GHz) are obtained. The size of the proposed antenna is 24 × 24 × 1 mm. The simulated and measured results show that the antenna design exhibits an operating bandwidth (VSWR < 2) from 2.8 to 12 GHz excluding the rejected bands. Index Terms ─ Coplanar waveguide fed, dual band notches, microstrip slot antenna, ultra wideband.


Prevention of smoking behavior must be done early, especially in children, one of which provides knowledge about the dangers of smoking in order to avoid smoking behavior. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of using Pop Up Book media on students' knowledge about the dangers of smoking at State Elementary School 66 / IV Jambi City. This type of research is a quasi-experiment with the planning used, namely One Group, Pre-test and Post-test design. The population of this study amounted to 590 students with a research sample of 34 students. Using the Shapiro Wilk test, the data showed that of the 34 students who only had good knowledge before the intervention, 23 (69.7%) respondents. The results after the intervention, respondents with good knowledge were 28 (84.8%) respondents. This means that knowledge about the dangers of smoking increased in elementary school student respondents. Data tested with the Wilcoxon test can be seen that health education using Pop Up book media about the dangers of smoking is considered very effective with a P Value of 0.000 <0.05, which means statistically there is a difference in increasing knowledge by using Pop Up Book media about the dangers of smoking in elementary school students. The conclusion of this study is that there is an increase in knowledge after intervention using Pop Up Book.


From a set of stellar spectropolarimetric observations, we report the detection of surface magnetic fields in a sample of four solar-type stars, namely HD 73350, HD 76151, HD 146233 (18 Sco) and HD 190771. Assuming that the observed variability of polarimetric signal is controlled by stellar rotation, we establish the rotation periods of our targets, with values ranging from 8.8 d (for HD 190771) to 22.7 d (for HD 146233). Apart from rotation, fundamental parameters of the selected objects are very close to the Sun's, making this sample a practical basis to investigate the specific impact of rotation on magnetic properties of Sun-like stars. We reconstruct the large-scale magnetic geometry of the targets as a low-order ( �< 10) spherical harmonic expansion of the surface magnetic field. From the set of magnetic maps, we draw two main conclusions. (i) The magnetic energy of the large-scale field increases with rotation rate. The increase in chromospheric emission with the mean magnetic field is flatter than observed in the Sun. Since the chromospheric flux is also sensitive to magnetic elements smaller than those contributing to the polarimetric signal, this observation suggests that a larger fraction of the surface magnetic energy is stored in large scales as rotation increases. (ii) Whereas the magnetic field is mostly poloidal for low rotation rates, more rapid rotators host a large-scale toroidal component in their surface field. From our observations, we infer that a rotation period lower than ≈12 d is necessary for the toroidal magnetic energy to dominate over the poloidal component.


This study examined the dependence between gold and stocks during 2002–18 in seven emerging countries. The study combined the bivariate cross‐quantilogram introduced recently with quantile‐on‐quantile regression (QQR) approaches to conduct comprehensive and complementary analyses. The QQR results for the full sample revealed a weak positive dependence in all the quantiles of gold and stock returns across all the countries selected during mild market conditions. The results for pre and post‐crisis periods largely were consistent with those obtained for the full sample, except for Turkey (pre‐crisis), and China and Indonesia (post‐crisis). The results of the causality test‐in‐mean (return) and that of the causality test‐in‐variance revealed no causal relation between stock and gold in the pre‐crisis period, while causality ran only from gold to some stocks in the post‐crisis period. Further, while there was volatility causality running only from gold to stocks during the pre‐crisis period, the volatility causality between the two markets was very high during the post‐crisis period. Therefore, we suggest that gold may have been a hedge for stocks during the pre‐crisis compared to the post‐crisis period. Further, international risk factors should be considered in optimal investment decisions between domestic and global markets' assets (stocks and gold).


The impact of monetary changes on the U.K. economy is examined within a causality testing framework. The bivariate test results indicate a causal flow from money (as approximated by the monetary base) to nominal output. An important contribution of this study is contained within its trivariate framework. The trivariate analysis, based upon the minimum final prediction error causality testing method, indicates that the main causal impact of money on nominal output operates through an acceleration of inflation, rather than through increases in real output. This impact on prices is positive and substantial. Copyright 1988 by Scottish Economic Society.


Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is a photocatalytic semiconductor with great potential for application, whereas, its photocatalytic activity is limited by the high re-combination rate of photo-generated electrons and holes. Here, we load two-dimensional (2D) WO3 nanosheets on the surface of one-dimensional (1D) g-C3N4 porous nanotubes to form a Z-scheme heterojunction. The built-in electric field at the interface of the heterojunction is conducive to promoting electrons transfer from the conduction band of WO3 to the valence band of g-C3N4 and therein combine with the holes. This inhibits electron–hole re-combination in g-C3N4 and WO3, and thus retains the high redox potential of the photo-generated charge-carriers. Therefore, the 2D/1D WO3/g-C3N4 heterojunction shows excellent photocatalytic hydrogen production and Rhodamine B degradation activities. Under simulated sunlight, photocatalytic hydrogen production rate of the WO3/g-C3N4 heterojunction reaches 7.78 mmol g−1 h−1, 2.7 times that of the single g-C3N4 porous nanotubes.


A Dissertation Submitted to Mzumbe University Dar es salaam Business School
in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Award of Master
Of Public Administration (MPA)


A reasonable and appropriate change of farmland utilization in the urbanization is inevitable in China. The authors suggest that there are some institutional obstacles. They assume that neither market mechanism alone nor the government is able to realize a rational conversion of the farmland into non-farming uses in sprawl of urban area. An effective solution would be to combine organically quasi-market mechanism with the government control


This paper seeks to further the existing knowledge of gender variation in academic discourse by analysing book reviews by male and female authors, within the disciplines of Applied Linguistics, Economics, Legal Studies and Medicine. While research in academic discourse has established that academic writing is not uniform, but varies greatly depending on disciplinary conventions, the cultural background and the professional status and experience of writers (Crammond 1998; Hyland 2000; Hyland / Bondi 2006; Mauranen 1993; Silver 2006), the influence of gender in academic writing is still largely unexplored. Although some studies have highlighted the stylistic and interactional differences between men and women when it comes to writing (Kirsch 1993, Tannen 1994, Herring et al. 1995), few have investigated the potential influence of gender in academic discourse by considering gender together with disciplinary cultures in the study of academic interactions (Tse / Hyland 2006). Furthermore, differences in writing styles and author stances between genders has seldom been discussed taking into consideration the age, experience and authority of the writer in the field.
In this paper I will thus analyse the use of interactive resources (transitions, frame markers, endophoric markers, evidentials, code glosses) as well as interactional resources (hedges, boosters, attitude markers, engagement markers, self mentions) of male and female reviewers in four different disciplines, taking into consideration possible variants due to age, experience and authority in the field. The material used for these analyses will be taken from four subcorpora of CADIS (Corpus of Academic Discourse), comprising 400 Book Reviews written in English by authors of different genders.


Biomass is an attractive energy source that can be used for production of heat, power, and transport fuels, and when produced and used on a sustainable basis, can make a large contribution to reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a suitable technology for reducing organic matter and generating bioenergy in the form of biogas. This study investigates the factors allowing the optimization of the process of biogas production from the co-digestion of wheat straw (WS) and bovine manure. The statistical analysis of the experiments carried out show that ultrasonic processing plays a fundamental role by sonication density and solids concentration leading to improved characteristics of WS by reducing particle size and increasing concentration of soluble chemical oxygen demand. The higher the sonicating power used, the more the waste particles are disrupted. The optimality obtained under mesophilic conditions for WS pretreated with 4% w/w (weight by weight) H2O2 at temperature 36 °C under 10 minutes of ultrasonication at 25 kHz improves the methane yield by 64%.


The objective of this study was to assess the effects of pharmaceutical care interventions on blood pressure (BP) and medication adherence of patients with primary hypertension in China. A total of 60 patients with primary hypertension were enrolled in the trial for a 12-month period. Participants were randomized to either control group or intervention group in a 1:1 ratio. During the follow-up period, patients in the control group were given regular medi-care, while patients in the intervention group accepted pharmaceutical care. The dates of baseline demographics, medication lists, measurement of medication adherence, and BP values were collected. Statistical analyses were conducted using t-test or χ2 test. After 12 months follow-up, 24-h BP was significantly decreased by 9.75 mmHg (7.1%) for systolic blood pressure (SBP) and 5.88 mmHg (6.6%) for diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in the intervention group (p < 0.05) compared with their initial visit, while there was no significant change in the control group (p > 0.05). The intervention group demonstrated a higher percentage of patients with high adherence (72.41%) at 12 months, whereas the control group hardly had changes in medication compliance. In conclusion, the results indicate that pharmaceutical care intervention might contribute to better BP control of primary hypertension, and could enhance medication compliance of patients.


A hematoma in the uterus or intrauterine hematoma is an effusion of blood that accumulates inside the uterine cavity during gestation. Hematomas, especially subchorionic hematomas, appear most often during the first trimester of pregnancy and can occur with or without vaginal bleeding. They are always a major cause for concern for pregnant women. We will consider pregnancy as a high risk pregnancy. It will then be necessary for the woman to keep rest and benefit from more exhaustive follow-up. This work, carried out from a case observed in our service and from a review of the literature, aims to highlight the existence of this entity and the possible unfavorable development with fetal and maternal risks.


In this study, optimal process parameters were assessed for selection of storage‐specific packaging material for gluten‐free biscuit by means of Taguchi's, L₂₇ orthogonal array (Qualitek‐4). An optimized blend of minimally preprocessed foxtail millet, amaranth, and copra meal flour were baked to biscuits, packed in metalized biaxially oriented polypropylene, co‐extruded polypropylene as test, and high‐density polyethylene as control sample. Physicochemical (% moisture content and % free fatty acid content), sensory (texture and mouthfeel, aroma and flavor, and overall acceptability), and microbiological characteristics (total viable and yeast and mold count) were assessed for wholesomeness up to 84 days with priority of selection of biscuits stored at 30°C than for the samples placed at 40°C. Sensory factors are on foremost concern regarding choice of stored biscuit sample that contributed maximally in terms of overall acceptability (73.97%) followed by texture and mouthfeel (11.56%), moisture (10.20%), and aroma (1.52%). Hence, Taguchi helped in logical studying the interactive effect for different parameters. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Biscuit is among the baked commodity whose quality diminishes with advancement of rancidity in fats and sogginess through moisture migration while storage days. It needed to be monitored with vast number of features to prove worth storage of the same. Type of packaging material, thickness of packaging material, temperature of storage, and number of advancement of storage days are continuously monitored in reference to the physicochemical (% FFA and % moisture content), sensory (aroma and flavor, texture, and mouthfeel and overall acceptability), and microflora count. To counter this huge range of experimental setup and wise interpretation for all of them only be feasible through Taguchi modeling to get effect of each factor individually.


Firstly, the trend of the development of container ports is described in this thesis. Then, port competitiveness and its impact on the ship owners and consignors is introduced. Secondly, according to the behavior of the players in the container transportation game, the carrier's and shipper's optimization objectives are respectively set up. Then, simulating the decision process by carrier and shipper, we present a carrier-shipper game model for the optimization of the transportation networks. A genetic algorithm is applied to solve this large scale bi-level constraints combined optimization model. Keyword: Container transportation network; Port competition; Genetic algorithms 1 Introduce With the increasing integration of the world economy, the port has a more and more important role as an important link in the international conveyance system. The competition among ports has become more and more severe due to the decentralized ownership of the ports. The competition among ports outlines the country boundary, such as competing for mainline hub ports by many Asian ports. Therefore, the research of competition problems among the ports has an obvious realistic meaning. 2 Port competitiveness and its impact on the ship owners and consignors The competition between ports is mainly the competitiveness of source and attracting large ships to call in at the port. The competition between ports can be divided as follows: competition among different port groups, and competition of different ports in the same port groups. 2.1 Port competition's impact on the ship owners In order to compete, ports lower port charges and improve the quality of service, therefore, operating costs of the ship operators will decline due to decreased port rates .. In addition, for competition, ports have increased port productivity and improved the service level, thereby the ship time in port is shortened, which has not only improved the flow speed of the ship, but also reduced the ship's operating costs. Port improvement of production efficiency is a most welcome form of competition for ship operators. Shortened time in portt means more opportunities in the fierce competition market. 2.2�√ Impact of port competition on the cargo owners For shippers, the decrease in port rates will lower trading costs and improve the cargo quality, and international and domestic competition status in the market will be


Development Progress in agile methods is based on the amount of "working software" completed by team members. Changes to the source code might be introduced that affect the working software. Team members face difficulties in understanding and sharing changes that affect development progress especially in distributed projects. They may not recognise that there is an effect, or may not know who is affected by a change. In addition, changes are not perceived by the current tracking systems and hence if these changes affect development progress, they will not be discovered. This may lead to weak awareness of development progress and extra defects and delays. In this paper, we attempt to support tracking distributed agile projects by identifying and coordinating the impact of versioning activities on development progress, thereby ensuring that progress information is more consistent with the current software state. This will provide distributed agile teams with improved transparency of the actual progress.


(1) Paddy rice, Norin No.8 was pot-cultured in usual method, and the principal constitiuents of its each organ were analysed. (2) Immediately after transplanting, nitrogen percentage of each organ was comparatively low, but much starch was accumulated in leaf sheath and culm. (3) At the time of vigorous tillering, nitrogen percentage was the highest in each organ and starch percentage in culm and leaf sheath was very low. (4) From the panicle primodia forming to the begining of ripening, nitrogen percentage of each organ reduced rapidly, and starch was accumulated in culm and leaf sheath. About 2weeks before heading, the panicle began its rapid development, while the nitrogen content (absolute amount) of leaf reduced. This might be caused by nitrogen translocation to panicle. (5) With the progress of ripening, perhaps by translocation to panicle starch content in culm and leaf sheath reduced. Although starch content of panicle increased rapidly, the amount of all other constituents were nearly constant at this stage. Threfore, almost all photosynthesised carbohydrates were seemed to be accumulated in panicle in the form of starch.


The four isomeric 2,4-di-O-methyl tetroses were prepared by periodate oxidation of known methylated sugars. 2,4-Di-O-methyl-D- and L-erythroses were prepared from 4,6-di-O-methyl-D-glucose and 3,5-di-O-methyl-L-arabinose respectively. 2,4-Di-O-methyl-D- and L-threoses were prepared from 3,5-di-O-methyl-D-xylose and 1,4,6-tri-O-methyl-L-sorbose.The tetroses were characterized by their crystalline 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones. The RF and RG values of the free sugars were recorded in a variety of solvents including a silica gel thin-layer chromatography system.


: Human history has been marked by an increase in population growth and a process of accelerated urbanization. Society will continue to address crime as a social problem since it has become a serious social problem. This has prompted the government and other agencies to look for ways to overcome this phenomenon. Studies have shown that management and prevention of crime can improve the quality of life which is an essential factor in producing more sustainable developments. Crime prevention is the first step in any investment in developing countries. Crime prevention is a long-term investment whose effects are not immediately apparent. In countries and individuals globally, crime harms the economy. Managing crime is an important social responsibility of law enforcement agencies. A law enforcement agency's capacity to successfully manage crime lies in its ability to make information readily available and easily accessible. The biggest problem with present procedures is the absence of expertise or data dissemination between law enforcement organizations. The said defect is exploited by criminals who commit crimes in various parts of the country by relocating and changing states. This project's objective is to develop a model that may be utilized to develop a platform for crime reduction. This study utilized an established system development methodology and implementation of the Innovations in Community Based Crime Reduction program. Although object-oriented and evolutionary approaches to system development are also effective, it is important to acknowledge them. The study revealed that there is a deficiency of investigations on an effective method of carrying out a crime prevention campaign involving multiple agencies and the community as a whole. Crime prevention program evaluations show that implementation issues and failures are common, and the examination of Community Based Crime Reduction program (CBCR) sites is no exemption. This work recommends that Community Based Crime Reduction program should be employed to reduce criminal activities and also, and system development will also be effective for crime reduction.


Objective
To investigate the relationship between the education level of staff members and the risk factors for stroke in a university in China.

Methods
From January 2014 to May 2014, a total of 659 staff members in a university in China were collected with a cluster sampling method. The basic information and the relevant data of the risk factors for stroke of the subjects were collected and recorded completely. The subjects were divided into 3 groups according to their education levels from low to high. The relationship between their education levels and the risk factors for stroke were analyzed.

Results
A total of 633 staff members were enrolled, including 426 men (67.3%) and 207 women (32.7%). The low, middle and high education level groups were 188 (29.7%), 193 (30.5%), and 252 (39.8%), respectively. With the increase of the education level, the prevalence of hypertension, dyslipidemia, and stroke decreased, and the awareness rates of hypertension and dyslipidemia and the treatment rate increased. The proportion of drinking increased in the male group and that decreased in the female group. The proportion of regular exercise increased in the female group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for age, per capita income, employment, drinking, smoking, regular exercise and other factors, compared with the high education level group, the risk of hypertension increased 2.55 times in the low education level group in males (odds ratio [OR] 2.55, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.42-4.58; P=0.002); the prevalence risk of dyslipidemia increased 2.25 (OR 2.25, 95% CI 1.31-3.86; P=0.003) and 2.02 times in the low and middle education level groups (OR 2.02, 95% CI 1.23-3.33; P=0.006) respectively; the risk of smoking decreased 42% in the middle education level group (OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.36-0.93; P=0.024); the risk of hypertension increased 6.27 times in the low level education group in women (OR 6.27, 95% CI 1.59-24.74; P=0.009); the risk of dyslipidemia increased 3.91 times in the middle education level group (OR 3.91, 95% CI 1.70-8.98; P=0.001); the risk of drinking increased 3.49 times in the low level education group (OR 3.49, 95% CI 1.12-10.92; P=0.032), and the weekly regular exercise decreased 65% in the low level education group (OR0.35, 95% CI 0.15-0.82; P=0.016).

Conclusion
The incidence of the risk factors for stroke in the low education level group was higher than the populations of high or middle education level.

Key words:
Educational Status; Stroke; Risk Factors


For the problem of lot-sizing on a tree with constant capacities, or stochastic lot-sizing with a scenario tree, we present various reformulations based on mixing sets. We also show how earlier results for uncapacitated problems involving (Q,S"Q) inequalities can be simplified and extended. Finally some limited computational results are presented.


Recently,a succession of complaints are filed by students against their universities,reflecting the tension of the relation between university autonomy and the student right to education.This tension is caused by many factors such as defects in law,inadequate administration of universities,defects in government administration and judicature.In order to bring university autonomy and student right to education into harmony,we should understand the dialectic and unified relationship between the two and ensure university autonomy by legislation,accelerating the process of university autonomy and perfecting help channels of the right to education.


In the context of the French research law dedicated to the radioactive waste management, several ceramics were proposed for the specific conditioning of actinides. Among them, monazites and monazite/cheralite solid solutions were particularly considered in this work.
Thus, monazites LnPO4 (Ln = La → Gd) were prepared by thermal conversion of low-temperature rhabdophane precursors, LnPO4·0.667H2O. From synchrotron experiments, the crystal structure of rhabdophane was solved. It was found to be monoclinic (space group C2) as monazite (space group P21/n).
The multiparametric study of the kinetics of dissolution of monazites LnPO4 (Ln = La → Gd) was performed in nitric acid solutions and using dynamic conditions. The normalized dissolution rates remained very low whatever the acidity, the temperature, and the lanthanide element considered. The partial order of the reaction related to the protons activity varied from 0.7 ± 0.2 to 1.5 ± 0.3. Moreover, the apparent activation energy of the dissolution mechanism was found to vary with temperature, suggesting a change in the rate-limiting step. The decrease of the apparent activation energy for T  313 K was assigned to the impact of saturation processes with respect to the rhabdophane.
Thus, the solubility products as well as thermodynamic data associated to the formation of rhabdophanes were evaluated from over- and under-saturation conditions. The similar values obtained by both approaches confirmed the reversibility of the equilibrium associated to the rhabdophane precipitation. Solubility products as well as thermodynamic data only slightly varied along the lanthanide elements series : –2151 ± 13 ≤ ∆f Ho (298K) ≤ –2130 ± 12 kJ.mol-1, –2004 ± 2 ≤ f Go (298K) ≤ –1984 ± 2 kJ.mol-1 and –504 ± 11 ≤ ∆f So (298K) ≤ – 473 ± 12 J.mol-1.K-1, excepted for europium that presented the highest values of free energy (‒1896 ± 2 kJ.mol-1), enthalpy (‒2057 ± 9 kJ.mol-1) and entropy (–538 ± 11 J.mol-1.K-1) of formation. The comparison of the data obtained for rhabdophanes and monazites showed that the values associated to rhabdophane can be deduced from those of monazite by adding the contribution of 0.667 water molecule. It confirms either the monoclinic structure of the rhabdophane and the number of water molecules present in the structure.
For the first time, structural and microstructural evolution of monazite pellets was monitored during dissolution thanks to several complementary surface analysis techniques (ESEM, AFM, GI-XRR and GI-XRD). This study confirmed the very good chemical durability of these ceramics (only 0.04 wt.% and 0.3 wt.% of dissolved ceramic in 0.1 M HNO3 and 0.25 M HNO3, respectively, at 363 K after 300 days of dissolution). These different techniques also highlighted that pre-existing defects (pores, cracks, polishing marks) acted as preferential dissolution zones. However, no secondary phase was clearly evidenced onto the surface of the samples even if the solutions were found to be close to equilibrium with rhabdophane.
Finally, an original protocol of precipitation of Th-doped rhabdophanes,
Nd1-2xCaxThxPO4·0.667H2O, was developed during this work. The first estimation of the apparent solubility constants, performed in under-saturated conditions in 0.25 M HCl solution, did not evidence any significant variation in the temperature range investigated.


The motivation for considering the /sup 71/Ga(p,n)/sup 71/Ge reaction is to help determine the properties of /sup 71/Ga as a detector of solar neutrinos. The proposed solar neutrino experiment, /sup 71/Ga(nu,e/sup -/)/sup 71/Ge, has a threshold of only .236 MeV, and is thus sensitive to neutrinos produced in the basic burning process in the sun p + p ..-->.. /sup 2/H + e/sup +/ + nu, which has a .420 MeV endpoint. The excitation of the (5/2)/sup -/ state at .175 MeV in /sup 71/Ge could be important, however. Were the Gamow-Teller (G-T) transition to the 175 keV state equal in strength to the ground state transition there would be approx. 25% added to the detector signal, the greater part of this coming from the /sup 7/Be neutrinos; the desired sensitivity to the p-p neutrinos would then be less.


Ineffective meetings occur frequently and participants leave with different understandings of what has been decided upon. For meetings that require quick responses (e.g., disaster-response planning), everyone must leave the meeting on the same page to ensure the successful execution of the mission. Detecting patterns of weak agreements in planning meetings is the first step towards designing an intelligent agent that encourages team members to revisit decisions that may adversely affect the team's performance, and to spur dialog that results in higher quality plans. This paper presents a statistical approach to learning patterns of strong and weak agreements without using domain-specific content or keywords, meaning the algorithm takes as input information about how the team plans but does not require potentially sensitive data on what is being planned. Our approach applies statistical machine learning to dialog features, which prior studies in cognitive psychology have shown qualitatively capture the level of joint commitment to plan choices. We analyze a real-world conversation dataset, the AMI corpus, to quantitatively verify that dialog features improve the estimation of strength of agreements over prior approaches. We show these results are consistent across a number of different supervised and unsupervised learning algorithms, and that can achieve up to 94% average accuracy in estimating the strength of agreements.


Vacuum interrupters are extensively used in contactors, motor starters, tap-changers, distribution apparatus, and metalclad switchgear. The present paper reviews this growing technology with descriptions of the internal components of a vacuum interrupter, a brief history of the development steps, and a discussion of the range of application of these devices. The basic physical properties of cathode and anode spots are described, together with a discussion of the arcing and interruption phenomena which occur in vacuum interrupters during an ac wave. This includes a description of arc initiation, the high current arc mode, current zero phenomena, and dielectric recovery plus voltage withstand. The influence of electrode material and electrode configuration is included. The paper concludes with a brief description of dc applications for vacuum interrupters, where axial magnetic fields have been used in conjunction with current counterpulse in tokamak circuits, and transverse magnetic fields have been used to commutate current from vacuum arcs to parallel circuits. The extensive references have been selected to give the reader a broader overview of vacuum switching technology.


The feasibility of inactivating microflora of foreign spices by means of gamma radiation, without causing significant organoleptic or chemical changes, was studied. Ground cinnamon, clove, coriander, nutmeg, white and black pepper were irradiated with doses of 7 and 10 kGy1 of 60Co.

Chemical analysis were performed so as to verify the Argentine Alimentary Codex specifications and the effect of radiation on those characteristics by which spices are appreciated, such as color and volatiles. No differences between control and irradiated samples could be found in any of these parameters.

Microbiological results showed that aerobic plate count was reduced by 2.5 to 4.0 log cycles with 7 kGy. At 10 kGy survivors could only be found in cinnamon (1.7 log cfu/g)2.

Cinnamon and clove were sensorily evaluated. No differences due to irradiation were found.

So, it can be concluded that 10 kGy of gamma radiation suffice the purpose of this work. This good market condition was held at least during one year.


This text makes in vestigations to the Camptotheca acuaminata different age of tress,studying the influences of different seasons and thickness different to take roots.In the conditions of southern Tai Mountains artificial climates,about twenty-senven days the rooting rate can reach 77.62%.The test proves that inside and outside cultivation of rooting rate have different influences.Between them the inside cultivation influence is the first, the best dealing results in NAA2000mg/kg,the best cultivating environments is sand and ashes(volume 1∶1),under the two kinds of conditions,the rooting rates can reach as high as 86.4%.


1 The relationship between muscarinic receptor activation, phosphoinositide turnover, calcium mobilisation and M‐current inhibition has been studied in rat superior cervical ganglion (SCG) neurones in primary culture. 2 Phosphoinositide‐specific phospholipase C (PLC) stimulation was measured by the accumulation of [3H]‐cytidine monophosphate phosphatidate (CMP‐PA) after incubation with [3H]‐cytidine in the presence of Li+. The muscarinic agonist oxotremorine methiodide (oxo‐M) stimulated PLC in a dose‐dependent manner with an EC50 of approximately 3.5 μm. 3 The concentration‐response curve for oxo‐M was shifted to the right by a factor of about 10 by pirenzepine (100 nm), suggesting a pKB (—log of the apparent dissociation constant) of 7.9 ± 0.4, while himbacine (1 μm) shifted the curve by a factor of about 13 (pKB∼7.1 ± 0.6). This indicates involvement of the M1 muscarinic receptor in this response. 4 The accumulation of CMP‐PA was localised by in situ autoradiography to SCG principal neurones, with no detectable signal in glial cells present in the primary cultures. 5 The ability of oxo‐M to release Ca2+ from inositol(1,4,5)trisphosphate (InsP3)‐sensitive stores was determined by fura‐2 microfluorimetry of SCG neurones voltage clamped in perforated patch mode. Oxo‐M failed to evoke intracellular Ca2+ (Ca2+i) mobilisation in SCG neurones voltage clamped at −60 mV, but produced a significant Ca2+i rise (67 ± 15 nm, n= 9) in cells voltage clamped at −25 mV. 6 Thapsigargin (0.5–1 μm) caused a 70% inhibition of the oxo‐M‐induced Ca2+i increase, indicating its intracellular origin, while oxo‐M‐induced inhibition of M‐current in the same cells was unaffected by thapsigargin. 7 Our results do not support the involvement of InsP3‐sensitive calcium mobilisation in M‐current inhibition.


In many Hong Kong schools and those around the world, EFL and ESL curriculums tend to "play it safe" and "trivialize content" (Pennycook, 1990, p.13). They often fail to give students voices, consider students' lived experiences or discuss issues of social justice. Drawing on the principles of critical pedagogy and critical applied linguistics, I conducted a critical action research project to explore the use of critical pedagogy in the Hong Kong primary EFL classroom. Over five sessions, primary six students and I engaged with controversial issues in Hong Kong, such as the Hong Kong identity and the treatment of foreign domestic helpers. I report my findings on how students engaged with 'real-life' topics and how their consciences were raised. I also report through self-reflection the challenges I faced while conducting the sessions and give suggestions on the use of critical pedagogy with young EFL learners.


This paper presents a discussion about the process of giving a meaning to physical practices among participants of a walk orientation program related to the dissemination of information about the benefits for active life health and the bad consequences of sedentarism. It is a study of qualitative cut that used questionnaires and interviews as research instrument. We point that the results suggest a badness connotation attributed for sedentarism, in which the image of the sedentary appears not only as that person who is physically negligent, but as a central element in the medicalization process in the body practices.


One of themost commonly utilized frameworks within Strategic Management is the SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) analysis model. This framework entails identifying a firm's strengths and weaknesses, and the opportunities and threats that are present in the external environment. It helps managers design an effective strategy, using the firm's strengths to exploit opportunities and minimize exposure to threats (Ketchen, Snow, & Street, 2004; Priem, 2001). Using this framework requires managers to identify, acquire, and assimilate information from multiple sources (both external and internal, many of them stakeholders) and integrate those data into the strategic decision-making process.


Effective insulation of near-infrared (NIR) from solar energy via the use of transparent coating on the windows is one of the most essential issues in energy savings. In this work, a novel lanthanum hexaboride (LaB6)/poly(methacrylate2-ureido-4[1H]-pyrimidinone) functionalized poly(n-butyl acrylate) (PnBA-r -PMAUPy) film was prepared via an in-situ radical polymerization method to achieve heat insulation and self-healing performance. LaB6 nanoparticles synthesized by a low-temperature method were employed as a NIR shielding material, while PnBA-r -PMAUPy was utilized as a material to enhance the reliability of long-term service. Benefitting from hydrogen bonding interaction, the film showed a marked progress in self-healing property at ambient temperature. As displayed by optical absorption results, the increase of LaB6 content can effectively enhance the NIR shielding ability. The NIR blocking ratio of the thermal barrier film with a thickness of 0.64 mm can reach 97.5%, and the self-healing rate is about 84% for 20 mg LaB6, respectively. The self-healing film for heat-shielding window can be a promising candidate with long-term service.


This essay analyses the characteristics of tactics application in modern basketball games,it also describes the relations and basic requirements in the application in accordance with its characteristics.


The 14-month El Nino climate event that ended this month brought impacts across the globe, from wildfires in Indonesia to drought in Peru. The main drivers of El Nino conditions, ocean temperatures in the central and eastern Pacific, were as high as 3°C above the average, making this event one of the three most intense El Ninos on record. For the most part, forecasts of its impacts on weather patterns were borne out, but forecasters fared relatively poorly in California, which relies on El Ninos to deliver rains to parched areas. Along the U.S. West Coast, the jet stream was shifted hundreds of kilometers north last winter, which had the effect of dousing the Pacific Northwest with extraordinary precipitation while Southern California experienced its fourth straight year of drought. Now, scientists are analyzing why their climate models were blindsided and how they can be improved.


We obtained average THz power of 18μW using DAST crystal via optical rectification of femtosecond pulses. This power is more than two orders higher than the average THz power obtained from the typical photoconductive antenna.


The thesis relates to an important subject of energy economics and the management of large public infrastructure projects: more specifically, IPPs (Independent Power Projects), which are a particular type of public-private partnership. IPPs are characterised as new green-field power generation projects, combining concessions of public service, creation of an ad hoc company financed using project financing techniques and underpinned by a complex contractual structure. The contractual structure binds together many diverse participants: customers, service and equipment suppliers, banks, experts, public authorities, etc. The thesis argues that opportunism and excessive transaction costs are at the root of success as well as failure of the IPP model. Adopted by many developing countries in Asia at the beginning of the 1990s, this model has since been abandoned, following the Asian crisis. The explanatory theories of the IPP type of model are numerous. A first group of theories, described here as dominant (or traditional) includes development economics and public economics. It clearly shows the diversity of the countries in the developing world; it also shows disagreements which remain between economists on the role of the State and the role of economic infrastructure on development. A second group of theories widens the discussion, further supported by country and project case studies. More precisely, it focuses on the core issue of IPPs through a transactional approach, in stressing the flaws of this type of complex contractual structure: high informational asymmetry, significant exposure to opportunistic behavior, and extensive procedures. In the end, the IPP model is characterised by excessive transaction costs, higher than those of the traditional model used for financing this type of infrastructure projects in the developing world, which used development aid. The thesis also identifies a number of areas for further research. A first one, belonging to development economics, relates to the factors contributing to economic development and the sources of growth. A second one, belonging to public economics, relates to the concept of global public goods, with the issues regarding essential goods and the paradigm of sustainable development. A third area for research relates to the projects themselves, with their contractual structure, their financing and their ethics. Finally, a last area for research relates to the evaluation of the projects, in particular from the perspective of the development community.


November 2014 • Volume 119 • Number 5 A 74-year-old male underwent coronary artery bypass grafting, bioprosthetic aortic valve replacement, and a supracoronary ascending aortic aneurysm repair. The pre-procedure transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) was remarkable for moderate aortic insufficiency, moderate aortic stenosis, an ejection fraction of 40% to 50%, and an ascending aortic aneurysm. Intraoperatively, despite multiple attempts and TEE guidance, the surgeons were unable to cannulate the coronary sinus for delivery of retrograde cardioplegia. There was intermittent delivery of cardioplegia into the individual coronary ostia as needed throughout the surgery, which provided adequate myocardial protection demonstrated through electrical silence. The surgery was complicated by an iatrogenic tear of the right coronary ostium during cardioplegia administration, which was repaired. After weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass, the TEE examination demonstrated a distended, hypokinetic right ventricle (RV) and an underfilled left ventricle. Multiple midesophageal views revealed a new echogenic filamentous structure, approximately 4 cm in length, bisecting and attached to the left atrial (LA) wall (Fig. 1; Video 1, Supplemental Digital Content 1, http://links.lww.com/ AA/B6). This was suspicious for an LA dissection. Color flow Doppler interrogation demonstrated laminar flow through the pulmonary veins, mitral valve (MV), and LA (Video 2, Supplemental Digital Content 2, http://links.lww. com/AA/B7). No color flow was noted on the posterior and lateral sides of the tissue flap. Due to RV failure despite maximal inotropic support, a temporary extracorporeal RV assist device was placed. The evolving morphology of the LA dissection was followed with serial TEE examinations during the patient's 3 additional return trips to the operating room. These demonstrated the evolution of the dissection flap from a fluid-filled hypoechoic lumen to a heterogeneous hyperechoic structure consistent with thrombus (Fig. 2A and Video 3, Supplemental Digital Content 3, http://links.lww.com/AA/B8). Pulmonary vein flow, MV inflow, and LA size were evaluated at each opportunity and largely unchanged. The thrombus within the LA wall was noted to be resolving on postoperative day 11 (Fig. 2B). Unfortunately, the patient succumbed to multisystem organ failure on postoperative day 13. At autopsy, an LA dissection measuring 4.2 cm by 3.9 cm was found in the LA, adjacent to the coronary sinus (Fig. 3). The cause of death was determined to be an extensive transmural infarction of the RV due to a complete occlusion of the right coronary artery, likely secondary to the intraoperative iatrogenic right coronary artery injury.


Both Han Yu and Su Shi had an experience of being relegated to Ling-hoi,so in face of adversity,both of them showed the consciousness and fear of slander.However,people have different evaluations towards their experience in Ling-hoi,which turned out to be pure praise for Su Shi,on the contrary to a mix of criticism and praise for Han Yu.The unequal evaluations result from different reasons.


This paper presents the design, fabrication, and characterization of a quantum well infrared photodetector capable of detecting near infrared (NIR), midwavelength infrared (MWIR), and long wavelength infrared (LWIR) simultaneously. The NIR detection was achieved using interband transition while MWIR and LWIR were based on intersubband transition in the conduction band. The quantum well structure was modeled by solving self-consistently the Schrodinger and Poisson equations with the help of the shooting method. Intersubband absorption in the sample was measured for the MWIR and LWIR using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and the measured peak positions were found at 5.3 and 8.7 μm, respectively, which are within 5% of the theoretical values, indicating the good accuracy of the self-consistent model. The photodetectors were fabricated using a standard photolithography process with exposed middle contacts to allow separate bias and readout of signals from the three wavelength bands. The background li...


Vomiting is a characteristic, although undesirable effect when using Compound 1080 (sodium monofluoroacetate) as a method of predator control for coyotes. Compound 1080 meat baits with (treabnent) and without (control) an antiemetic, metoclopramide hydrochloride (MH), were fed to captive coyotes to determine whether MH would prevent vomiting. All treaunent and control animals died as a result of consuming the 1080 bait with no difference between the groups in time from bait consumption to death. There was no significant difference between the number of treabnent and control animals that vomited after consuming the baits. Likewise there was no difference between the tteaunent and control groups in the time from consuming 1080 to vomiting, the duration of the vomiting period, or the number of times each animal vomited. Despite indications in the literature to the contrary, MH did not prevent 1080-induced vomiting in coyotes. INTRODUCTION Vomiting is a characteristic behavior of dogs (Canis familiaris) (Buck et al. 1976) and coyotes (C. latrans) (pers. obs.) poisoned with Compound 1080 (sodium monofluoroacetate, Tull Chemical Co., Inc., Oxford, Alabama 36203). Preventing vomiting is desirable because it might reduce the latency to death and might also allow a lower dosage of 1080 since a coyote would metabolize the entire dose rather than regurgitate part of it In addition, vomitus contaminated with 1080 may be hazardous to nontarget species. Since 1080 is used in Livestock Protection Collars (EPA Registration No. 56228-22); experimentally in tallow, single dose baits (Burns et al. 1985); and in experimental bait delivery devices (Green, unpubl. data) to kill coyotes, an investigation of methodology to reduce 1080-induced vomiting is warranted. Rathore (1985) used met.oclopramide (Maxalon, also known as Reglan) to prevent 1080-induced vomiting in wild pigs (Sus scrofa). He also stated, without presenting data, that metaclopramide prevented vomiting in penned dogs given 1080 baits. I treated coyotes with 1080 baits with and without metoclopramide hydrochloride (MH) (Reglan, A H. Robbins Manufacturing Co., Richmond, Virginia 23220) to detennine whether the antiemetic would prevent vomiting.


We propose a generalised exponential model for the covariance function of real image that is more realistic than the two conventional models, i.e. separable and isotropic models. The theoretical coding performance based on this model is shown to agree well with that based on the real covariance function in the discrete cosine transform (DCT) coding.