To the editor, I write to thank Andrew Green (2014) for his letter in response to my article on the challenge of neoliberal capitalism and work-life imbalance (Clouston, 2014) and to support his contention that Meyer (1922) did indeed propose the importance of work (paid and unpaid) as a key activity in achieving a sense of purpose and meaning in life balance. However, I also want to address Green's contention that I misunderstand Meyer's meaning. I take two key points from Meyer's (1922) paper in terms of work. First, Meyer saw paid and unpaid work as a means to achieve balance through fully valuing time and the opportunities that offered for life occupations. He saw work as part of that occupational complexity and essential to finding and maintaining life in balance; 'the true religion of work', he said, is found in 'leading us to a new sense of the true sacredness of the moment when fitted rightly into the rhythms of individual and social and cosmic nature' (Meyer, 1922: 9). Second, and significantly in addressing Green's argument, Meyer did see paid work as problematic in terms of achieving life balance; he noted that paid work, through the forces of production and industrialization (capitalism), resulted in paid work losing its purpose and meaning for people directly because of how it had been socially constructed:


The mountain area of the Southern Ningxia's landscape is mainly composed of the loess hill.And such a special geological structure creates a wide range of development of loess landslides.Based on the large amount of data obtained from the county zoning geological hazard investigation,the paper studies the geological environment condition and features of loess landslides through statistical analysis,and summarizes it into two different types,which is gravity unloading and earthquake damage.Furthermore,the paper analyzes and researches on its formation mechanism,and reaches to the conclusion of key points against the mountain area of the Southern Ningxia loess landslides.


The problem of maneuvering target tracking is considered in this paper, with an additional (and non-conventional) target attitude measurement, i.e., fusion of data from a point detection sensor with an imaging sensor. This is motivated by the fact that certain attitude variables such as target orientation can provide faster and more reliable information about target maneuvers or acceleration changes than conventional position variables. An image based measurement channel of target orientation is characterized in discrete time and through it, the acceleration can be estimated. A modified extended Kalman filter that takes into account this image based acceleration estimation as well as its imperfection is developed. This filter has the property to alter the updating gain when maneuvers are observed. Simulation examples are presented to show the improved performance of position and velocity estimation.


Electronic medical records, one of the sensitive data, are stored in public or private cloud service providers. Cloud systems provide security with firewall and intrusion detection systems, and these systems ensure privacy with access control and end-to-end encryption. However, while sending data to the cloud system, attackers can capture the data with the help of Man in the Middle attacks and vulnerabilities of the storage systems. In the middleware architecture proposed in this study, access control protocol, key distributor and end-to-end hybrid encryption which are based on user roles were innovatively used to overcome security issues in data transmission. In this system, writing and updating requests are encrypted asymmetrically, and reading requests were encrypted symmetrically. This solution distinguishes the proposed method from previous studies. According to this solution the operating performance of the system is increased. In addition, the attacker cannot see the actual data in a cyber-attacks because the sensitive data is distributed to the users with their private keys. This result shows that the access, write and update of electronic medical records are performed with the principles of security and privacy.


Previous studies of the ordinary differential equations by means of upper and lower solutions and the quasi-upper and lower solutions are based on the assumed existence of the various solutions.In this paper,we get the existence theorem of the upper and lower solutions and the quasi-upper and lower solutions of the initial value problem and thus provide a sufficient basis for studying one-order ordinary differential equations by means of the upper and lower solutions and the quasi-upper and lower solutions.


The present invention includes a touch panel for pressure-sensitive adhesive composition, a conductive film, a touch panel and a pressure-sensitive adhesive film. Exemplary touch pressure-sensitive adhesive composition of the present invention, the conductive film or adhesive film, has excellent durability and excellent optical properties such as transparency. Furthermore, the physical properties as described above is maintained stably even under severe conditions. In particular, the present invention, conductive thin film and the adhesive layer is deposited, even when exposed to harsh conditions, the resistance change of the conductive thin film is effectively suppressed. Thus, the PSA composition can, for example, can be effectively used in the production of such a touch panel.


This article deals with social welfare question in Slovak Republic in historical context of social policy development as well as with analysing conditions for implementation of social welfare after Slovakia joined European Union. Our preface brings a survey of basic terminology related to social policy and social welfare. The first part focuses on historical development of social policy and social welfare. The second part and the conclusion describe principles applied to social welfare through social insurance and indicates problems with rising levies, going to the national budget, and other problems with social funds usage and fulfillments.


In the different tests and examinations that are used at a national level in the Netherlands, a variety of equating and linking procedures are applied to maintain assessment standards. This chapter presents an overview of potential sources of information that can be used in the standard setting of tests and examinations. Examples from test practices in the Netherlands are provided that apply some of these sources of information. This chapter discusses how the different sources of information are applied and aggregated to set the levels. It also discusses under which circumstances performance information of the population would be sufficient to set the levels and when additional information is necessary


Abstract The turbidite-filled, Lower Devonian Cobar Basin is characterised through a detrital zircon study. Uranium–Pb age data for six samples were combined with published data to show the basin has a unique age spectrum characterised by a subordinate Middle Ordovician (ca 470 Ma) peak superimposed on a dominant ca 500 Ma peak. Maximum depositional ages for 3 samples were ca 425 Ma, close to the published Lower Devonian (Lochkovian 419–411 Ma) biostratigraphic ages. A minor ca 1000 Ma zircon population was also identified. The major source of the 500 Ma zircons was probably the local Ordovician metasedimentary basement, which was folded, thickened and presumably exposed during the ca 440 Ma Benambran Orogeny. The ca 470 Ma age peak reflects derivation from Middle Ordovician (Phase 2) rocks of the Macquarie Arc to the east. The I-type Florida Volcanics, located ∼50 km eastward from the Cobar Basin, contains distinctive Middle and Late Ordovician zircon populations, considered to be derived from deeply underthrust Macquarie Arc crust. Protracted silicic magmatism occurred before, during and after Cobar Basin deposition, indicating that the basin formed by subduction-related processes in a back-arc setting, rather than as a continental rift.


Abstract : The report deals with the stress constitutive problem for a class of materials typified by highly filled propellants. These materials exhibit both permanent and fading memory effects. The permanent memory effect is due to damage or microstructural weakening. A particular deformation history causes a certain damage. The stress response depends on this state of damage together with the deformation history itself. Introducing the idea of a damage functional, the stress response functional is assumed to depend on the history of that functional in addition to the deformation history itself. A topological structure is then built in which the stress response functional can be assumed continuous and differentiable. A Taylor series type expansion of the stress response functional is taken about the rest deformation and damage history. The topological structure leads to a Hilbert space in which a representation for the first order approximation is obtained. (Modified author abstract)


Objective: To study the anxiety disorders common syndrome distribution and pathogenesis. Methods: The clinical data of 514 patients with anxiety disorders,such as age,gender,syndrome factors was statistically analyzed. Conclusion: The depression-heat,phlegm-heat,blood stasis heat and Yin deficiency are common for anxiety disorders. It locates in heart and the evils disturb the mind is the main pathogenesis.


Potential energy of 258Fm is calculated in multidimensional deformation spaceias a function of both (reflection‐) symmetric and asymmetric shapes. The inclusion of the asymmetric shapes is found important as it ''opens a pass'' between the two fission valleys: one corresponding to compact and the other to elongated shapes of the nucleus. Thus, it makes both valleys accessible to the fissioning nucleus.


The interference suppression problem has introduced a large variety of suppression algorithms. A large majority of the proposed algorithms is targeted against a specific type of interference signal and fail to suppress other types of interfering signals. In this paper we examine a earlier proposed SINR estimator based method to select between several relatively simple interference suppression methods in Rayleigh fading channel. In this study the interference suppression selection is made between CME-notch-, RLSand polar-suppression filters. The approach in the paper is to use a DPSK-modulated hybrid direct sequence (DS) frequency hopping (FH) system model but the suppression method is also applicable to pure DS-system or MC/CDMA-system. The performance results show that this approach has the capability to operate under wide range of interference parameters and Rayleigh fading


Serum concentrations of thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), reverse T3 (rT3), and thyrotropin (TSH) were determined in 21 consecutively admitted children (ages 3 wk 63mo;10 M, 11 F) in April, 1986. In 14 children in whom thyroid function was assessed on the first and last days of hospitalization, the levels of T4 and T3 (X±SD) increased (T4 9.6±3.4 to 11.4 ±3.2 ug/dL, p<0.03) (T3 124.8±66.7 to 180.6±56.9 ng/dL, p<0.01) and that of rT3 decreased (444.1±165.3 to 369±156.9 ng/dL, p<0.02). Clinically children were grouped into those in (1) good, (2) fair, or (3) poor condition upon admission. Serum values of T4 and T3 were lowest in group 3 compared to group 1 and intermediate in group 2.Further grouping of children into those with (a) bacterial (n=4), (b) nonbacterial nonrespiratory (n=9), (c) nonbacterial respiratory (n=5), (d)others (n=3) revealed lower T3 values for group (a) versus groups (b, c, d) (p<0.04).T3: a)41.9%33.5 b)136.9±68.8 c)156.4±31.3 d)146.7±65.3We conclude that thyroid function is altered primarily in the clinically very sick child with a bacterial illness. Measurement of serum T3 concentrations may provide a rapid method for identifying the acutely ill child with a bacterial infection.


Personal Records such as Identity proofs, birth certificates, and qualification and experience certificates, social claim certificates are essential in numerous scenarios like applying for employment, education, and land and vehicle registration and so on. Cloud platform can be used for this purpose with a number of advantages such as storage-on-demand, robustness, access anywhere anytime from any device. At the same time, the cloud storage provider must ensure confidentiality, integrity, access control and authentication for the documents. Towards this end, an authenticated revocable symmetric proxy re-encryption scheme has been designed in the proposed work using All-Or-NOthing-Transform (AONT) and key homomorphic encryption (KHE) in the elliptic curve group setting. The implementation results show that the performance measures are acceptable for small storage requirements while achieving the security goals.


Spaceborne sensors are now providing invaluable datasets for the Earth's surface studies. The Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2) with the Advanced Topographic Laser Altimeter System (ATLAS) was launched by NASA on 15 September 2018, to measure the elevation of the Earth's surface using a laser wavelength of 532 nm and pulse repetition frequency of 10 kHz giving a footprint of approximately 70 cm on the ground. The ICESat-2 datasets are used in this study for the visualization and investigation of the complex Himalayan terrain in the parts of the Kinnaur district and surroundings, which are prone to frequent landslides due to the geology of the region as observed during the recent landslide events. The ICESat-2 elevation datasets were compared with the openly accessible DEM datasets namely, ALOS PALSAR RTC HR (12.5 m) and TanDEM-X (90 m) at ICESat-2 footprint locations. The preprocessing of datasets was completed for selecting ICESat-2 footprints (Track ID: 325, 1270, 828, 386) at locations of high-quality datasets for analysis. The analysis of pre-processed 19,755 ICESat-2 footprints (out of 20,948 footprints) was performed with ALOS PALSAR RTC HR (12.5 m) and TanDEM-X (90 m) datasets. The visualization of the region in the Google earth and OpenAltimetry 3D viewer depicts that the mountain slopes are very steep indicating rugged terrain difficult to access and challenging for construction of transport facilities. The results of Track ID: 325, show that the range of elevations in ICESat-2 elevation values in the study area is from 3409.75 m to 5976.31 m. The standard deviation representing terrain ruggedness using ICESat-2 elevation values is found as 432.06 m. Considering higher accuracy ICESat-2 values for the difficult terrain as a reference, the mean error (ME), mean absolute error (MAE), and RMSE for TanDEM-X were found as 0.26 m, 12.92 m, and 17.4 m, respectively. Whereas the ME, MAE, and RMSE for ALOS PALSAR RTC HR DEM were found as 0.20 m, 9.50 m, and 13.88 m, respectively. Thus, for the study site, using ICESat-2 ATL06 products, ALOS PALSAR RTC HR DEM is found more suitable than TanDEM-X 90 m openly accessible datasets for any kind of application in such a terrain.


This paper examines two characteristics of lithium-ion capacitors (LICs): charge delivery capability during a constant current discharge process and voltage dependence of capacitance. As a hybrid energy storage technology, a LIC is normally composed of a graphite negative electrode typically used in lithium-ion batteries and an activated carbon positive electrode usually included in supercapacitors. To evaluate LICs for potential aerospace applications, this paper first studies the charge delivery capability and investigates the relationship between the delivered charge and the discharge current. Experimental results show that the charge delivery pattern of LICs can be described by Peukert's law originally developed for lead-acid batteries, which states that the delivered charge is less when the discharge current is higher. Considering the relatively wide operating voltage range of LICs, this paper then studies the dependence of the Peukert constant on voltage. To examine the voltage dependence of the LIC capacitance, this paper adopts the total charge method and the IEC 62391–1 standard method 1A. Experimental results show that the LIC capacitance increases with voltage. For both characteristics, this paper reveals the similarities between LICs and supercapacitors, which suggest that the research methodologies developed for supercapacitors can be applied to LICs.


To achieve the temperature requirements of hot extrusion die steel in working process and reduce cost,a self-resistance heating method was proposed.Through the heating experiment,the effects of output voltage and effective current density on the distribution of final temperature were investigated.The result shows that temperature meets the requirements in almost a hour when heating the large size die.Meanwhile,the output voltage on two ends of the electrode is very small,which can effectively avoid the risk of electric shock,and the heating temperature can be adjusted at any time according to the temperature change.Taking H13 hot extrusion die steel as an example,experiment was carried out.The parameters of the output voltage and current density were determined.Experiment indicates that the heating efficiency can be increased and the energy consumption can be reduced by using a self-resistance heating method.


Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is globally considered as the leading cause of death with 80% of CVD related deaths being reported from low and middle income countries like India. Several emerging risk factors are being involved in its increasing prevalence due to lack of proper screening, evaluation and management. Indian women are less likely to be referred for coronary angiogram or revascularization procedures. Even after underlying procedures like angioplasty or bypass grafts, the women have poorer outcome, when compared to their male counterparts. Aim of the study: To assess the risk factor and angiographic profile of coronary artery disease in Indian women. Methodology: Indian women patients having CAD were screened based on the exclusion and inclusion criteria. Coronary angiography was performed and all risk factors were analyzed and correlated with the severity and extend of the lesion. Results: Among 106 females, 81 (76%, age: 55±14 years) were postmenopausal. DM, HTN, Dyslipidemia, family history of CAD and past history of MI was present in 27, 58, 28, 33 and 17 patients respectively. TMT was positive in 70 (66%) patients. Clustering of risk factors like DM, HTN, Dyslipidemia particularly low HDL occur commonly in women. Single vessel disease is more common particularly involvement of LAD. Conclusion: Highest group of women was found to be postmenopausal. HTN, DM, HDL and dyslipidemia were most commonly associated risk factors among Indian women with CVD. Most of the patient (>50%) had coronary stenosis and SVD were most commonly involved with increased LAD lesion


This study investigated the information seeking behaviour of working journalists in Kuwait using a self-administered questionnaire. The 92 respondents were mostly male, Arabic speaking, and expatriates. In terms of the type of information, they place emphasis on fact-checking, general and background information. Information is obtained by using a wide variety of both informal and formal sources. 'Human' sources, Internet, and 'press releases' are considered high in terms of both importance and satisfaction. The availability and use of 'in-house electronic library of stories / reports generated by their colleagues' is not only very limited but is also not satisfying. They consider their information searching skills very important for their work and are willing to go through training if it were provided to them. Lack of time is their top ranking problem. Several recommendations are made for improving the existing situation.


High resolution IUE spectra of sdB and HBB stars in the direction of the concentration of neutral hydrogen gas at high-velocity named Complex C have been obtained. The interstellar absorption line profiles are compared with Effelsberg H I 21-cm emission profiles. Since the distances to the stars are known from spectroscopic investigations, firm lower limits can be derived for the distance of the gas with LSR radial velocity of about -110 km s-1 of Complex CIA and CIB. Including additional results from the literature we conclude that Complex C most likely has a z-height of at least 1.5 kpc.


A three-course technology commercialization sequence has been initiated at the University of Arkansas under the financial support of the National Collegiate Inventors and Innovators Alliance (http://www.nciia.org). These courses combine Masters students from business, science, engineering, and law schools into teams in the classroom. The objective of the first class in the sequence (during the spring semester) is to introduce the elements of the evaluation process that is used to decide if a research area is a suitable candidate for commercialization (in either an entrepreneurial or intrapreneurial environment). The students then apply this evaluation process to current on-campus research results, select a suitable commercialization candidate, and work with the technology transfer office and research professor to commercialize the research during the following summer and fall semesters. The first course in the sequence was initiated in the Spring 2000 semester with mixed results. This paper will introduce the detailed class plan and course materials, an analysis of class concept performance after its first year of operation, and a discussion of changes incorporated into the class for the spring 2001 semester. The reader may examine the on-line course materials at the web site http://cavern.uark.edu:8900/ by entering as a guest user and then selecting course MGMT 5383.


—The addition of habitat enhancement structures to aquatic systems is a common practice by fisheries managers hoping to increase production, spawning success, and angler catch rates of important sport fishes. However, quantitative evaluations of these efforts are few and typically do not include the extent to which natural habitat mediates the effects of habitat enhancement structures. We evaluated the effects of two types of habitat enhancement structure on four fish groups in four reservoirs of the Au Sable River, Michigan. Using a combination of sampling methods, we compared several response variables (including relative abundance, nesting, and angler catch rates) between areas with and without structures, as well as before and after structure placement, across a gradient of natural habitat conditions. The effects of half-log habitat enhancement structures were significant in some cases, but no significant effects were detected for AquaCrib structures. Smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu responded to half-logs with significantly greater relative abundance, nest density, and nest success than in areas without half-logs. Other fish groups displayed few significant differences in the response variables between areas with and without structures or before and after structure placement. Habitat effects varied across reservoirs and fish groups but generally influenced the response variables more than the presence of habitat enhancement structures. Fisheries managers have long recognized the potential of habitat enhancement structures to attract and hold fish (Brown 1986). The first state management agency to document the use of habitat enhancement structures was the Michigan Conservation Department, which added brush shelters and gravel piles to lakes in the early 1930s (Hazzard 1937). Since that time, numerous state and federal agencies and local organizations have undertaken habitat enhancement projects in both freshwater and marine systems using a variety of materials (Tugend et al. 2002). Habitat enhancement structures are added to aquatic systems when natural habitat is perceived to be lacking or insufficient (Prince et al. 1977), with the goal of providing additional cover and concentrating fish and so increasing some combination of recruitment, survival, growth, and angler catch rates (Johnson and Stein 1979). Habitat enhancement structures can produce these positive effects through a variety of mechanisms. For example, habitat enhancement structures have been proposed to increase recruitment by providing cover for spawning (Vogele and * Corresponding author: firstname.lastname@example.com 1 Present address: Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Hunt Creek Fisheries Research Station, 1581 Halberg Road, Lewiston, Michigan 49756, USA Received September 19, 2002; accepted August 14, 2003 Rainwater 1975; Hoff 1991; Hunt et al. 2002), thereby increasing nest density. Nest success may also increase if structures provide habitat that allows adults to more effectively protect their young (Hoff 1991). Structures can also offer refuge from predation and alter survival by increasing cover (Bohnsack and Sutherland 1985; Johnson et al. 1988; Moring and Nicholson 1994), providing shade (Helfman 1979, 1981; Johnson and Lynch 1992), and providing sites for orientation and schooling (Klima and Wickham 1971; Bohnsack and Sutherland 1985). Accordingly, prey abundance in the vicinity of structures may be enhanced (Wege and Anderson 1979; Aadland 1982; Moring et al. 1989), in turn increasing the abundance, feeding efficiency, and growth of predators (Wege and Anderson 1979; Bohnsack 1989). Habitat enhancement structures, particularly in the form of artificial reefs, also have been proposed to increase public access by making it easier for anglers to locate fish and to increase angler catch rates by concentrating fish (Bohnsack 1989). Numerous studies have demonstrated that habitat enhancement structures succeed in concentrating fish in natural lakes (Wilbur 1974; Moring and Nicholson 1994) and reservoirs (Prince and Maughan 1979a; Brown 1986; Moring et al. 1989; Rogers and Bergersen 1999). However, the degree of concentration varies for several reasons, including the species present (Hubbs and Eschmeyer 399 VARIABLE EFFECTS OF HABITAT ENHANCEMENT STRUCTURES Transactions of the American Fisheries Society Tuesday Jan 13 2004 01:58 PM Allen Press • DTPro System fitr 133_213 Mp_399 File # 13TQ 1938; Rodeheffer 1939, 1945), diel fluctuations in fish distribution (Moring and Nicholson 1994), the age of the structure (Wilbur 1978; Moring and Nicholson 1994), and the structure's physical attributes. In general, the average number of individuals and species attracted increases with the structural complexity achieved by increasing the volume, size, and surface area of habitat enhancement structures (Wickham et al. 1973; Rountree 1989; Graham 1992). Further, fish abundance varies with structure interstice size (the space within structures) in a complex fashion (Wege and Anderson 1979; Johnson et al. 1988; Lynch and Johnson 1989; Walters et al. 1991). The morphometric characteristics of lakes and reservoirs in which habitat enhancement structures are installed also influence their effectiveness. Habitat enhancement structures may be relatively ineffective in systems with bathymetrically complex bottoms (Pardue and Nielsen 1979) or alternative natural habitat (Wilbur 1978; Mitzner 1981; Madejczyk et al. 1998; Rogers and Bergersen 1999). The depth at which habitat enhancement structures are placed also influences structure use and is often dependent on the foraging and habitat preferences of resident species (Kayle 1986; Walters et al. 1991; Johnson and Lynch 1992). Reservoirs, in particular, are often targeted for habitat enhancement projects. Reservoir systems often lack natural habitat due to the removal of standing timber before or after flooding as well as the decay of timber, rapid siltation of rocky reefs and other firm substrate in littoral areas, or lack of aquatic vegetation caused by fluctuating water levels (Prince and Maughan 1978). Before habitat enhancement structures can be used as a management tool to increase recruitment, survival, growth, and angler catch rates, fisheries managers must know the extent to which such structures concentrate fish. Then, by identifying the conditions under which habitat enhancement structures are most effective, fisheries managers can most successfully and economically use structures as a tool for increasing the reproduction, survival, growth, and angler catch rates of sport fishes in systems with insufficient natural habitat (Johnson and Stein 1979). Within this context, we evaluated two types of structure, half-logs and AquaCribs, in four reservoirs of the Au Sable River, Michigan. We used a combination of two approaches to do so: (1) comparison within reservoirs between similar areas with and without added structures and (2) comparison within a reservoir before and after the placement of structures. To determine the effectiveness of habitat enhancement structures at concentrating fish, we quantified the effects of structures on both relative abundance and angler catch rates of prevalent sport fishes. Substrate and the abundance of aquatic macrophytes and coarse woody material in these reservoirs varied, allowing us to evaluate the effectiveness of the structures across a gradient of natural habitat. We also sought to characterize the response of smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu to structures by evaluating nest success in addition to relative abundance and angler catch rates. Smallmouth bass were the most abundant piscivore in our study reservoirs, and previous studies have demonstrated that this species can benefit from habitat enhancement structures (Hoff 1991;


Based on the study through the analysis data of gas dissolved from oil once the paroxysmal failure happened to tow main transformer,the paper brings some opinion on judgment of transformer failure through the application of dissolved gas analysis.


The mobile communication method according to the present invention, the first radio base station #a includes the steps of transmitting broadcast information including transmission availability information indicating the availability of the transmission of the radio signal, the mobile station #X is included in the broadcast information based on the access information managed inside transmission capability information and the mobile station #X, and a step of determining the propriety of transmission of a radio signal, the mobile station #X, the first radio base station by the transmission availability information even if the transmission of the wireless signal is restricted for #a, when the access to the first radio base station #a is permitted in the access information, the radio to the first radio base station #a it can transmit a signal.


Until the idea of the "health promotion" was advocated by the Ottawa charter in 1986, the purpose of health care was only seen as the improvement of an individual's health. Up to that time, social environmental factors and the processes involved in carrying out health projects and physical fitness promotion — its practice, evaluation, public participation and so on — had not been appreciated. In keeping with the basic concept of health promotion, and with the effort of individuals, it is essential to establish public policy for the support of health care. This implies that specialist groups, including administration, must respond to the demands of health care and physical fitness promotion. Furthermore, we can say that health care and physical fitness promotion must be carried out with regard for social policy. However, the ideals of health promotion have not been achieved so far. We examined the actual status of Health Japan 21 health promotion in two surveys, a basic survey in October 2003 and the main examination in October 2004. All local governments were examined in order to propose a community system for promoting life function and social participation for the elderly. We analyzed and assessed the questionnaire including 1) the planning and practice of Health Japan 21 strategies (a concrete assessment of the status of each of the nine items and of the details of each sub-item of plans in administrative divisions, government-designated major cities, special districts, and cities, towns, and villages); 2) the level of recognition of public participation in and opinion of projects, during execution and evaluation, and the level of cooperation with civilian organizations; 3) ways of spreading awareness of projects; 4) project evaluations (intermediate evaluation); and 5) the importance of and prospects for the future of health care Health Japan 21 projects. It is thought that research into these factors will become a reference point for an intermediate evaluation of Health Japan 21, and will help solve various problems facing health improvement in our country.


On the basis of basic environment for agricultural economic and social development,characteristics of agricultural network economy level,and results of agricultural leading enterprises,the paper built an index system,and applied complex network approach to divide the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region into three network economy zones. The results showed that the agricultural industry network economy area associated complex networks of three dimensions belonged to the undirected weighted complex network,three complex network can be respectively divided into several subgroups,and the key to the collaborative development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei agricultural industry network economy was the guarantee of powerful policy support system.


This article presents optical property, crystal structure, and photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cell (PSC) in n-i-p structure using simple single-step solution method with anti-solvent drip. The fabricated PSC exhibited a relatively high photovoltaic performance with the best power conversion efficiency of 15.8% under forward bias scan. The relatively high photovoltaic performance was probably resulted from the high crystallization, the high absorption coefficient, and the crack-like void-free on the surface of the perovskite absorbers.


This article puts forward the basic thinking and technique for the development of CAD application system about typical mechanical elements by users through researches on secondary development of CAD system with V cincture which helps the users to improve efficiency and quality of their work without fail. We believe this method will play a significant role in practical engineering in the future.


Law enforcement and security cooperation on the Mekong River Basin are a complex challenge that China,Laos,Myanmar and Thailand jointly face. The complexity is caused by this region's natural environment,social background,and other issues that law enforcement and security cooperation would encounter. Among them,the most important issue is the transnational flow of people and goods which gathered through local shortcuts. In addition,these countries are different in level of economic development and performance,the willingness to cooperate,the capability of law enforcement,and domestic political settings. These differences also directly lead to the differences in the benefit that each country would receive from the cooperation. This generates a big challenge for the law enforcement and security cooperation. With the acceleration of the globalization process,various complex factors come into Southeast Asian region,and cause the enormous challenge of uncertainty for law enforcement and security cooperation on the Mekong River Basin.


Iterated decision making can be studied in laboratory using situations, like the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), in which participants face repeatedly the same decision problem getting feedback after each choice. In the paper we focus on a recurring finding in experiments carried out with the IGT, the frequency of the contingent event effect—i.e., the fact that people consistently prefer options associated with rare losses, independently of their attractiveness, expected value and loss magnitude— that has not yet received a satisfactory explanation. An experiment reveals that the effect relies on simply experiencing rewards and punishments, not being influenced by the net outcome (loss or win) to which they are associated, and a computational model, implemented in the ACT-R cognitive architecture, corroborates the idea that punishments and losses on one hand, and rewards and wins on the other, play the same functional role in determining the participants' behavior in IGT.


Rb-Sr, Pb-Pb, and single zircon dating of the Kareefontein Quartz Porphyry, northeastern Cape Province, South Africa, confirm the correlation proposed by SACS (1980) between the Zoetlief Group and the Ventersdorp Supergroup. Rb-Sr and Pb-Pb whole-rock ages of ca. 2350 to 1900 Ma for the Kareenfontein permit no definitive interpretation but are nevertheless similar to the age patterns for the Ventersdorp and support the correlation. The clearest evidence is the almost perfect match between the Kareefontein single zircon Pb evaporation date of 2714±3 Ma and zircon SHRIMP dates for the Makwassie Quartz Porphyry and Klipriviersberg Formation of the Ventersdorp (Armstrong et al., in press)


The crack preventing mechanism of the fiber concrete is analyzed by means of superimposing method. The analysis based on mechanics principle of linear elastic crack shows that at the moment when the tip of crack goes over the fiber the closing force of crack tip caused by the fiber will make the crack produce huge reverse stress strength factor which can fundamentally block the further development of crack and effectively prevent the cracking of lining.Due to its unique characteristics for project more than the common screening spray concrete, the fiber concrete is used to replace the traditional screening spray concrete with advantages of simple and convenient for construction,perfect economic and technical properties,good applicability,low possibility for crack and water leakage and small maintenance for lining in later stage as for the expressway tunnel projects.


ABSTRACT We examine the co-movement in daily returns of USD–INR, EUR–INR, GBP–INR, and JPY–INR currency pair futures contracts traded on the National Stock Exchange of India (NSE) using the wavelet cohesion approach. This study contributes to the literature by examining the scantly studied area of co-movement in exchange rates and using the wavelet approach, which allows us to analyse time–frequency-wise co-movement of the time series. The empirical results indicate that the currency futures markets are nearly perfectly integrated in the long run (monthly, quarterly and biannual scales) offering little potential gains from international portfolio diversification. The discrepancies between currency futures markets are small and almost fade away within 3–6 months. Moreover, international currency diversification might offer relatively higher potential gains at intraweek, weekly, and fortnightly time horizons owing to lower correlations among the currencies under consideration. Finally, our multiple-wavelet correlation and cross-correlation analysis shows that GBP acts as a potential leader/follower across scales. The results of our analysis indicate the dynamic pattern of co-movement among the major currency futures contracts, which provides several implications for portfolio managers and international investors participating in the Indian market.


SEPON, Selection and Evaluation Pipeline for OligoNucleotide generates n-mer oligonucleotide sequences from expressed sequence tags of non-annotated genomes for microarray gene-expression profiling. A non-target melting temperature (T(m)) algorithm will reduce cross-hybridization by estimating T(m) of oligonucleotide hybridization to non-specific targets (non-target T(m)) and discard oligonucleotides with non-target T(m) estimate above user-defined threshold. SEPON allows user-defined filtering, predicts exon location, assigns penalty based on 3' distance, GC content, secondary structure T(m) and non-target T(m) and ranks oligonucleotides for optimal selection.


This paper analyzes the impact of trans-border commerce in health care services of Tijuana on the Hispanic-mexican market of California. Hispanic-US citizens...


The present invention relates to a process of a change of the footprint of a tire to determine identifiable on the basis of a rotation of the tire, delivered by a sensor signal corresponding to an acceleration, wherein the determination is made by the steps of: receiving at least one of the rotation of the tire attributable to the acceleration signal g Reading out a stored, attributable to the rotation of the tire reference acceleration signal g Forming a difference from the acceleration signal G and determining the change in the footprint of the tire based on the difference of the acceleration signals formed.


The use of nurse practitioners in family planning services is an effective way of meeting manpower needs without sacrificing quality of care partly because women using such services are usually normal and relatively healthy. The functions of nurse practitioners may include history taking physical examinations diagnosis and treatment of minor gynecological problems provision of family planning and screening for abnormalities that require treatment by a physician. The 19 training programs for nurse practitioners graduate about 315 nurses per year. A trend appears underway to increase the activities that nurse practitioners may perform. The future demand for family planning nurse practitioners appears to be substantial. A majority of agencies surveyed reported better physician utilization and patient satisfaction attributable to their use of nurse practitioners. The legal status of nurse practitioners is secure in some states but undergoing revision in others. Unanswered questions at present include the nature of physician supervision required the responsibilities to be permitted the agency to be responsible for certification the conditions under which nurse practitioners will be empowered to prescribe medication and whether 3rd party payments can be made for the services of nurse practitioners.


In the paper, the dynamic analysis of a concrete gravity dam was presented. The paper concerns the nonlinear dynamic analysis of an existing concrete dam subjected to a real moderate seismic shock calculated by time history analysis. The linear, elastic, response spectrum analysis was also performed. The dynamic analysis was carried out for 2D and 3D numerical models of the dam. The 2D model represented the middle section of dam's segment, whereas the 3D model reflected the whole segment. The concrete damage plasticity model (CDP) as a constitutive model of concrete was taking into account. Principal stresses, plastic deformations and degradation of the dam under the shock were evaluated. The results obtained for both models (2D and 3D) were compared. The 3D analysis led to the results revealing material degradation (tensile/compression cracks, stiffness degradation). Such behavior was not obtained for the 2D model.


Psychotic symptoms in individuals with depression alter treatment response and the course of the disorder and are associated with marked hyperactivity


AbstractThe design problems of microwave oven magnetrons including mode stability of oscillation, thermal demagnetization and outgassing characteristics of Rare-Earth-Cobalt magnets and of vacuum sealed Alnico magnets are experimentally studied.


Ge 2 Sb 2 Te 5 (GST) thin films were deposited on SiO 2 /Si and TiN/Si substrates by cyclic metallorganic chemical vapor deposition using Ge(i-C 4 H 9 ) 4 , Sb(i-C 3 H 7 ) 3 , Te(i-C 3 H 7 ) 2 as Ge, Sb, and Te precursors, respectively, with the help of Ar + H 2 plasma at temperatures ranging from 180 to 290°C. The application of plasma power was essential in obtaining a high growth rate and stoichiometric GST thin films. The chemical composition of the films was properly controlled by the cycling ratio and sequence of each precursor pulse. The stoichiometric films grown at 200°C showed a smooth surface morphology, highest density, and lowest impurity concentration. GST film was selectively grown inside the contact hole having a TiN/W plug.


This overview describes how to design polymeric composites in order to operate under low friction and wear against steel counterparts. Special emphasis is focused on injection mouldable short fiber reinforced thermoplastics. Further information is given on the systematic development of continuous fiber/polymer based composites with high wear resistance and on attempts of the prediction of their load bearing capacity using a finite element approach. Subsequently, the application of such composites in thermoplastic filament wound journal bearings is discussed. In a final part of this presentation, some new steps towards the development of functionally graded tribo-materials are illustrated. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E204495.


A pathogenic agent was research in the present study. Clostridium spp it is responsible of sudden death and all of them factors that can help it to develop and survival. The study was made on 41 properties of the tropical zone of Mariquita (Tolima), with the purpose to reduce the sudden death social and economic impact on the livestock. The same way this study suggests some recommendations to help to employ prevention measure and control factors that this affection produce. The study includes recompilations of dates with help of a inquiry and computerized georeferensation with the software Diva-gis in each analyzed farm. The format of the inquiry includes hypothetical and concluding determinates factors. The recopilated information was analyzed with the software EpiInfo 6.0 and compare with Winepiscope software. There were found solids statistics relations betwen the exposure groups and the exposure factors. They were express by PR (Prevalence Reason) values and (P < 0.05). Some of the associated factors were the productive stage of the animals, thus means that the etareos groups with must risk of suffer this syndrome are the productive cows (P < 0.05) (LC 95% 14.7 – 38.1). The same way the dry cows (P < 0.05) (LC 95% 8.8 – 28.1) At the same time to the epidemiologic study it was made microbiologic isolates with 11 soil tastes with standard protocols and there was found the pathogenic bacteria. Thus bacteria bring a clear idea about the role of the microorganism on outbreak syndrome. The recommendation about it is vaccine with the inmunogens of great spectrum that includes Clostridium sordellii and Clostridium botulinun stocks.


This letter to the editor that I wrote appeared in Chemical & Engineering News, May 3, 1971, page 6—more than 35years ago. There have been changes. Have there been enough? FOR THE PAST eight years, I have been a member of the American Chemical Society. Reading the editorials and articles in C&EN, I have watched with amusement as your line has continued about chemical "professionalism," the lack of communication by chemists concerning the value of chemistry to society, the need for chemists to bridge disciplines, and so forth. I have some comments. First, chemistry is a job, not a profession. For some, it is a well-paid, highly skilled job. True professionals are not viewed, nor are they allowed to view themselves, as an exploitable and disposable resource—ask any attorney, physician, or dentist. We cannot expect, and will not get, bright creative young minds to remain in a "profession" in which they ...


A novel work for Ambient Assisted Living applications is presented here. More specifically, this paper focuses on activity recognition from recordings of daily living captured by wearable cameras. It constructs a discriminant object centric motion descriptor for representing the micro-actions within the viewpoint of the action maker so as to later define the activity that he/she performs. The accumulation of these activities build patterns over time that can be used to study the behavior of the end-users, which is very useful for health application and monitoring of patients inside their own dwellings or their behavior inside a controlled environment.


Our world is changing at an ever-accelerating rate, with data and methodagnostic approaches becoming the norm for business problem solving . The difference between qualitative and quantitative information is becoming more blurred in this new world . Qualitative research is seeing a lot of change, witnessed by the increased use of technology, online communities, mobiles and wearable technology . It's relatively easy now to draw verbatims and insights from social data, and to find technology-enabled ways to make quick and easy connections with consumers in real time . This change is very exciting applied to the right kinds of business questions . With the increased use of technologyenabled approaches come big questions about the sustainability of more traditional methods such as focus groups . Practitioners are under threat from the growing trend for more 'do it yourself ' approaches in client organisations where cheaper and faster are the order of the day . Most disturbing is to see the overall decline in the quality of qualitative work . The Unilever Qualitative Accreditation Programme has had a mixed reception, but whatever people might feel about it, it was born out of a client's frustration with the poor value it was getting from qualitative research . The decline in standards across the world is palpable . Technology is clearly enabling us to get information more quickly, and to access behaviour and impressions about brands or experiences that previously would have been very difficult to access . Sadly, though, we are not seeing this increase in technology solve the problem of poor standards and we are witnessing worrying trends:


The new method of forming of discrete frameworks of surfaces is in-process presented with the use of active transformation of coordinates. As an example, the geometrical design of discrete framework of surface on the arbitrarily initial contour. The surface is modeled with preservation of the composition properties if you specify the surface-prototype. Explore the transformation conchoidal in space. The algorithm of design of discrete framework of surface proposed, which is shaped like a conchoidal cylinder. The described method can be used in the design of curved structures in architecture. Again it is shown that the synthesis of static-geometric method and of various transformations (for example, a projective transformation, the quadratic transformation, of active transformation of coordinates) provides opportunities for modeling discrete surfaces based on the specific geometric shape. The proposed method of transferring the shape features of the surface-prototype to a modeled surface with given initial conditions allows the designer or architect to formally receive a curvilinear architectural surfaces.


This research is intended to develop English tasks based on interactive multimedia by using Adobe Flash CS3. The objective of this research is to develop English tasks based on a suitable interactive multimedia for the eighth grade students at SMA IT Al Bina Pangkalpinang. The research procedure steps are as follows, 1) planning, 2) design, and 3) development. The planning phase concerns the collection of the data on the students' needs. The design phase deals with designing the interactive learning media. The development phase concerns the development of the first draft of the interactive learning media, asking experts to judge and validate it. Based on the data analysis, the research finding show that the English tasks based on interactive multimedia for the eighth grade students of SMA IT Al Bina Pangkalpinang is feasible. Feasibility of the interactive multimedia was very good. Percentage of assessment by the content expert reached 81.94%, the media expert 87% and the English teacher reached 85%. It means that this interactive multimedia is suitable to use.


This research entitled: Philosophical Interpretation of the Rock Paintings of the Huánuco region, aimed to interpret from the philosophical point of view the meaning of the rock paintings or quilqas found in the provinces of the Huánuco region. The method used was the observation, which consisted of observing directly in the field the cave paintings with diverse representations. We also used hermeneutics, a philosophical method that allowed us to interpret the meaning of the thought system of the machay runa that is immersed in the symbolic representations that exist in the pictographs and petroglyphs of the Huánuco region. The techniques and instruments used were the observation guide and notebook. To demonstrate the existence of quilqas was used the digital camera and the camcorder. The results of fieldwork indicate that in the Huánuco region, there are cave paintings with diverse representations, drawings of human beings are realized realizing social activities, scenes of hunting, ritual scenes, etc. Astrophoric or astronomical representations are also observed. When we look at cave paintings mainly drawings of naked human beings and astrophoric representations, we ask ourselves: are the drawings of naked human beings representing the early human presence in the territory of the Huánuco region? Are our earliest ancestors known as Machayuna, who were huntergatherers, astronomers from very early times? In conclusion, we will say that from the philosophical and hermeneutical point of view paintings or quilqas express a system of thought and language, knowledge and wisdom, the representations of the Sun, Moon, galaxies, milky way, etc., constitute evidence that the Andean world were dedicated to astronomy from very early times for hunting and gathering purposes to continue to survive.


Based on the requirement of the Reduce of power information network failures, the power environment monitoring system based on big data is designed and implemented. The system includes five application modules: acquisition and monitoring module, resource management module, analysis and decision module, alarm center module and configuration management module. An improvement of Apriori algorithm by the unique design array which is used for data analysis can enhance efficiency of the algorithm. The system based on Big Data technology, by the efficient analysis of power data, environmental data, main data and external Data, to achieve a comprehensive perception of monitoring and operation analysis on power environment of computer room based on big data, intelligent auxiliary user decisions. Through research and implementation of the project, we can realize real-time monitoring of the video and the environment of the substation, besides we can locate and prevent the various alarms (fire, flooding and theft, etc.) timely. Providing effective technical support for staff remote inspection and troubleshooting. The project can prevent accidents, combat crime, protect property, ensure that the system is stable, and make the substation security technology improving to a new level.


Li storage alloy negative materials for Li secondary batteries have been focused on because of high energy density and good safety.It would be an alternative negative material for advanced Li-ion batteries to instead of carbon materials.In this work,the development of Li storage alloy negative materials,especially Tin-based alloy materials,has been reviewed.At the same time,the application of nano-technique and thin-film technique has been introduced.The pulverization of Li storage alloy electrode materials resulted from the volume expansion during Li insertion/extraction has been suppressed due to the application of the new techniques.The cycle life of Li storage alloy electrode has reached over 300 cycles;it is closed to the requirement of practical application in Li-ion batteries.Tin-based alloy material would be a promising negative material for next generation Li-ion batteries.


In order to solve the problems of the simulation data management in a company or institution, the Universal Simulation Data Management System (USDMS) is studied. The simulation data management task is analyzed for the data ownership management in the USDMS. The metamodel of the Basic Data Object (BDO) is proposed creatively for the related simulation data. The implementation of the USDMS in the Database Management System (DBMS) is introduced. For the constructing of the USDMS, three key problems must be concerned. At the end, a simple simulation data management example is given for understanding how the USDMS works. The research is of great value to solve the data management problems in other fields.


The purpose of academic advising is to help students with developing educational plans that support their academic career and personal goals, and to provide information and guidance on studies. Planning and management of the students' study path is the main joint activity in advising. Based on a study log of passed courses, we propose to use robust, prototype-based clustering to identify a set of actual study path profiles. Such profiles identify groups of students with similar progress of studies, whose analysis and interpretation can be used for better institutional awareness and to support evidence-based academic advising. A model of automated academic advising system utilizing the possibility to determine the study profiles is proposed.


The incidence of parenchymal renal infection after the hematogenous administration of enterococci was ascertained in the rat during several experimental conditions (spontaneous antidiuresis, water deprivation plus oral loading with acid or alkali, water-loading alone, and water-loading plus oral acid or alkali). Differences in the incidence of infection were related to the presence or absence of volume contraction (or some function thereof), or variations of medullary tonicity and/or ammonia concentration in similarly treated but nonchallenged control rats. The results are summarized below: Experimental rats Control rats


Verbenaya Kosa is accumulative form of the barrier type. It is located on the southeast coast of the Sea of Azov. It is part of the marine edge of the Kuban River Delta and has been formed over the past 200 years under the influence of the simultaneous action of natural and anthropogenic processes. A study of the coastline dynamics of the Verbenaya Kosa has been conducted since the middle of XXth century. The coastline has shifted 80-400 m from 1973 to 2006 in different sections of Verbenaya Kosa. Complex of coastal protection structures (9 km long) was created in 2007. During the construction of the shore protection structure and subsequent period, lithomorphodynamic monitoring of Verbenaya Kosa was carried out. It has included annual topographic-bathymetric measurements of the surface and underwater slope of the accumulative form. The analysis of literature data, engineering survey materials, monitoring data, supplemented by remote sensing data allowed summarize information on the structure and dynamics of the Verbenaya Kosa relief. Historical topographic maps (since 1877) and satellite images of the 1960-1970s, made by the US Geological Survey, were used to evaluate of the long-period dynamics of the studied area. Since 2015, shoreline and submarine bars configuration monitoring has been conducted using Sentinel-2 satellite data. Studies have shown that the development of Verbenaya Kosa was determined by the rate of Kuban Delta extension into the sea water area, sea level fluctuations and changes of the wind-wave regime. Since the middle of XXth century, anthropogenic factor has become determining factor for the Verbenaya Kosa development. Currently, the coastline of it has stabilized.


This paper presents the experimental excess properties and obtained at different temperatures and the vapor−liquid equilibrium values at 101.32 kPa for four binary mixtures composed of four ethyl esters (methanoate to butanoate) and tert-butyl alcohol. A point-to-point test applied to the equilibrium values indicated that the systems studied were consistent. The binary mixture ethyl ethanoate + tert-butyl alcohol exhibits an azeotropic point at xaz = 0.832 and T = 349.59 K. All values were correlated using a new equation with temperature-dependent coefficients fitting simultaneously the vapor−liquid equilibria and values. Good fits were obtained in all cases. Application of a modified version of the UNIFAC model to the mixtures containing a tertiary alkanol yielded rather poor estimates.


Background and Objectives: As an extensively used tree species in landscaping and afforestation in China, lacebark pine (Pinus bungeana Zucc.) seedlings are in high demand. However, the small number of fine roots and the low growth rate of lacebark pine seedlings increase the risks encountered during transplant and extend the nursery time for outplanting. We aimed to find out whether a microbial inoculant would promote root growth and accordingly, shorten the nursery cultivation time. Materials and Methods: One-year-old lacebark pine seedlings were treated with the inoculant Bacillus subtilis 8–32 six times from June to September. At each application time, five treatments of undiluted microbial inoculants (UM), 30 times diluted microbial inoculants (30 DM), 40 times diluted microbial inoculants (40 DM), 50 times diluted microbial inoculants (50 DM), and distilled water as a control (CTRL) were administered to the seedlings. In the end, all the seedlings were harvested to measure the root growth, aboveground growth, and the physiological indices. Results: Root and stem growth was enhanced by the inoculants in terms of the increased number of root tips, the length and surface area of the roots, the biomass of the roots and stems, as well as the increase in height and basal stem diameter. The chlorophyll a/b of the needles was increased, in spite of the fact that the total chlorophyll content was decreased by the microbial inoculant treatments at the end of the growth phase. Meanwhile, the maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) of the needles was increased by the inoculant treatments. The soluble sugar content was additionally translocated into the stems in the UM treatment, suggesting the change in carbon allocation. The content of available potassium, phosphorus, and ammonium nitrogen in the potting soil was increased in the 30 DM group, and the content of soil organic matter was increased in all the inoculant treatments. Conclusions: The microbial inoculant Bacillus subtilis 8–32, in appropriate concentrations, could be applied to promote root and shoot growth and improve the seedling quality of the lacebark pine during cultivation.


The neurosurgery department exists many high-risk factors which lead to lower limb deep vein thrombosis(DVT).These high-risk factors cause the blood slow,the blood vessel internal membrane damage,hypercoagulable state and so on,and these pathophysiological changes is the main factor of deep vein thrombosis(DVT),while the DVT will cause the patient in a dangerous conditions,and it is not only the physical and psychological harm for patient,but also be not conducive to the building of a harmonious doctor-patient relationship.So in health education,psychological,traumatic oppression of earlier activities,operations,machinery and other aspects of early nursing intervention on the patients,it has very important significance to prevent deep vein thrombosis,and clinical practice also had good results,improve the life quality of deep vein thrombosis patients.


A comprehensive overview of morphology- and crystal phase-controlled synthesis of Au nanomaterials via the [Au(I)-oleylamine] complex and their promising applications.


Sir, Herein, we report a case of hyperpigmented macules on ultraviolet exposed areas during the intake of diltiazem hydrochloride (DTH) in a patient with Sjögren's syndrome. A 63-year-old Japanese female with a history of Sjögren's syndrome and vasospastic angina presented to our hospital with brown, irregular macules on the neck, face, and both hands, which she first noticed one year earlier. The patient had a history of taking DTH for vasospastic angina for the previous fifteen years. A physical examination revealed pale brown macules and plaques irregularly scattered around the corners of the mouth, lower lip, and neck (Figs. 1a and 1b). In addition, there were numerous erythematous papules on the dorsal side of both hands. The oral mucosal membrane, scalp, and nails were not involved. A biopsy specimen taken from the dorsal side of a hand revealed individual cell keratinization in the epidermis, intercellular edema, liquefaction degeneration of the basal layer, and band-like lymphocyte infiltrate with melanophages in the superficial dermis (Fig. 2a). Immunohistochemistry revealed the infiltration of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, and HLA-DR+ lymphocytes in the superficial dermis (Figs. 2b and 2c). Routine laboratory examinations of the blood cell count, serum, and urine showed no abnormalities. Other tests showed positive antinuclear antibody (1:80, nucleolar) and anti-SS-A antibody (240 U/mL; normal: < 9.9), whereas hepatitis C virus antibody, rheumatoid factor, anti-CCP antibody, and anti-SS-B antibody were negative. DTH was switched to another medicine, and ascorbic acid, calcium pantothenate, and topical steroids were initiated. In addition, we advised the patient to avoid sun exposure. Although no improvement was observed in the rash in the first four months, it disappeared at follow-up several years later (Figs. 3a and 3b).


The consequences of such an event may not be completely technical in nature and, in fact, the largest impact may be in non-technical or "societal" areas. It had been widely assumed before the incident at Three Mile Island (TMI) that the consequences of a nuclear accident would be limited to immediate deaths, somatic diseases, economic loss, and general destruction.' The TMI incident showed that assumption to be patently false. Although there has been a good deal of controversy about the extent of the incident's technical consequences,' it is clear that the societal consequences were vast and far-reaching. On an individual level, personal fear and stress, economic loss, mistrust of authority, and loss of productivity certainly resulted. Media confusion, alarmism, and civil disorder were collective societal consequences. Institutional reactions included the reorganization of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, cessation of power plant licensing proceedings, jurisdictional confusion, and a variety of special investigations.' The nation was clearly unprepared for consequences of these dimensions.


We present the results of commissioning observations for a new digital beam-forming back end for the Focal plane L-band Array for the Robert C. Byrd Green Bank Telescope (FLAG), a cryogenically cooled Phased Array Feed (PAF) with the lowest measured T sys/η of any PAF outfitted on a radio telescope to date. We describe the custom software used to apply beam-forming weights to the raw element covariances to create research-quality spectral-line images for the new fine-channel mode, study the stability of the beam weights over time, characterize FLAG's sensitivity over a frequency range of 150 MHz, and compare the measured noise properties and observed distribution of neutral hydrogen emission from several extragalactic and Galactic sources with data obtained with the current single-pixel L-band receiver. These commissioning runs establish FLAG as the preeminent PAF receiver currently available for spectral-line observations on the world's major radio telescopes.


With increasing population and demand for infrastructural development in many developing countries, the demand for concrete has been on the increase and does not show any sign of slowing down in the nearest future. Existing concrete structures are also deteriorating and require repair or replacement. In this study, multivariate methods of factor analysis (FA) and cluster analysis (CA), were applied to analyze the liquefied samples datasets for clean and contaminated (sewage) water obtained in Ado- Odo Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria. FA clearly identified two groups of liquefied samples and indicated that the bacterial parameters are higher in fermented locust beans water which can be likened to presence of bacillus subtilis food type. Hierarchical cluster grouped 40 samples into two which are high and low levels of bacteria contents respectively. Descriptive statistics showed all parameters significantly (conductivity, TDS, BOD, COD, carbondioxide, Calcium, Chlorine, pH, Temperature, salinity) in Cluster A greater than in cluster B. The main self- healing parameter for crack sealing up, because when bacteria commence feeding on calcium lactate once activated, oxygen consumed as the bacteria feeds and insoluble limestone formed by conversion of the soluble calcium lactate is greater for contaminated water against portable water values. This study demonstrates the usefulness of multivariate statistical techniques for evaluation of presence of bacteria in liquefied samples before used as self-healing. Keywords— Carbondioxide, clean, self-healing concrete, water.


This study check the relationship of online advertising on consumer buying behavior in Pakistan. In this research the collection of data from online companies in Pakistan, students and also from local customers. This data provide me information about online ad's, mobile advertising, digital advertising, and consumer buying behavior. After collection of data the spss application (statistical package for social science) and apply different test on it. This research shows relationship between variable that are included in my study. This study shows positive impact of online ad's which influenced the customer need and also get the customer satisfaction. The active development of technology makes internet buyer continues to increase. The online advertisement is sustained by the easily use of access the internet through a laptop, mobile, phones, and other media sources are used in the online shopping. The increase of internet users makes a good impression through a proper promotional activities of online ad's with a larger scale and other medium of social media are actively perform to promote the online brands in Pakistan. On the other hand the rapidly increase the number of internet buyer it's directly affects the online purchase of brands. Occupying that the inspection of online advertising on consumer buying behavior its control the behavior of internet online users. The study makes ambition to analyze the evaluation and inspect the impact of online advertising on consumer buying behavior and its makes to create an interest online shopping, this survey is inspect the interest of online shopping and shows a positive results. The study was investigated on online users of universities and other local customers of Lahore city. The approach used was a quantitative analysis and its basic purpose to fill the questionnaire to get the views of 327 people about online advertising its impact on consumer buying behavior. These significant results shows that in this study the online advertising bring the highest influence and its shows a positive significant results the attitude of people towards online advertising is positive. The buying behavior and satisfaction of customer is shows the appropriate significant dimensions.


Over the past few years, there has been a significant amount of research focused on studying the ReLU activation function, with the aim of achieving neural network convergence through over-parametrization. However, recent developments in the field of Large Language Models (LLMs) have sparked interest in the use of exponential activation functions, specifically in the attention mechanism. Mathematically, we define the neural function $F: \mathbb{R}^{d \times m} \times \mathbb{R}^d \rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ using an exponential activation function. Given a set of data points with labels $\{(x_1, y_1), (x_2, y_2), \dots, (x_n, y_n)\} \subset \mathbb{R}^d \times \mathbb{R}$ where $n$ denotes the number of the data. Here $F(W(t),x)$ can be expressed as $F(W(t),x) := \sum_{r=1}^m a_r \exp(\langle w_r, x \rangle)$, where $m$ represents the number of neurons, and $w_r(t)$ are weights at time $t$. It's standard in literature that $a_r$ are the fixed weights and it's never changed during the training. We initialize the weights $W(0) \in \mathbb{R}^{d \times m}$ with random Gaussian distributions, such that $w_r(0) \sim \mathcal{N}(0, I_d)$ and initialize $a_r$ from random sign distribution for each $r \in [m]$. Using the gradient descent algorithm, we can find a weight $W(T)$ such that $\| F(W(T), X) - y \|_2 \leq \epsilon$ holds with probability $1-\delta$, where $\epsilon \in (0,0.1)$ and $m = \Omega(n^{2+o(1)}\log(n/\delta))$. To optimize the over-parameterization bound $m$, we employ several tight analysis techniques from previous studies [Song and Yang arXiv 2019, Munteanu, Omlor, Song and Woodruff ICML 2022].


This study focuses on ultraviolet cross-link process using spin-coating materials for advanced planarization and sublimate defect reduction in the advanced process techniques of semiconductor, display, and new electronic devises. The ultraviolet cross-link process and spin-coating material have been optimized and studied for excellent global planarization property. The newest approach by excellent collaborations from both process and material has the planarization property on an irregular substrate such as the patterned steps, holes and trenches to increase the depth of focus and pattering resolution. After planarizing the substrate surface, the ultraviolet planar materials are used to provide the dry or wet etching selectivities against the under-layer, and specially, avoid the dry or wet etching damage as an etch protecting layer. In addition, we reported the newest process using developed ultraviolet irradiation tool on in-line system in an coater equipment (TOKYO ELECTRON LTD CLEAN TRACKTM) for manufactability with higher throughput (Spin-coating time: less than 30 sec., ultraviolet irradiation time: less than 5 sec, low temperature baking time: less than 60 sec.) Using this technique, a remarkable reduction in via topography with 1.1 μm as a depth and 0.9-1.0 μm as a diameter has been achieved excellent thickness bias less than 20 nm. And, the sublimate amount of the film obtained from the developed ultraviolet planar material was very low as compared with that of the film obtained from current standard thermal cross-link material as the reference.


Objective To evaluate the effects of ginsenosides on the glucocorticoid receptor(GR)in the sep- tic rats induced by bum and endotoxin.Methods Sixty-six SD rats with 30% Ⅲ degree burn on back received endo- toxin intraperitoneal injection at the dosage of 5 mg/kg,12 hours after the burn were enrolled in this study.The receptor specific binding capacity(RSBC)of GR in hepatic cytosol and receptor specific binding sites(RSBS)of GR in pe- ripheral leukocyte of rats after intraperitoneal injection 12h,24 h and 72 h were measured by radioligand binding assay with using dexamethasone as the ligand.Results The RSBC and RSBS of GR in hepatic cytesol and peripheral leuko- cyte of rats were decreased significantly at all time points compared with shame goup(P<0.01),and deteriorated further with the time going on.The RSBC and RSBS of GR in hepatic cytesol and peripheral leukocyte in 24 h and 72 h ginsenosides treatment group were significantly higher than those in post-trauma sepsis group(P<0.01),howev- er,which were significantly lower than those of control group(P<0.01).Conclusion The RSBC and RSBS of GR in hepatic cytosol and periphral leukocyte are decreased significantly in post-trauma sepsis rats.Ginsenosides could in- crease RSBC and RSBS of GR and relieve inflammatory reaction.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the main barriers to employability skills development of ethnic minority students in the context of higher education (HE) in Greece and recommends strategies to help higher education institutions (HEIs) overcome those barriers. Design/methodology/approach – The study draws on a series of in-depth interviews conducted with 20 ethnic minority students and ten "traditional" students studying at three institutions of HE in Greece. Findings – The study shows that there are many barriers facing ethnic minority students in HE including: poor self-esteem; lack of good advice about HE courses; isolation once in HE; discrimination by staff in HE; and unresponsive curriculum to ethnic diversity in HE. In this context, it is argued that there is an immediate need for decision makers in HEIs to develop policies that target ethnic minority students in order to help them secure employment. It is suggested that HEIs should: provide opportunities for students to discuss co...


It is well established that even in countries that have poor governance and weak public sectors, exceptional well‐functioning government and government‐supported agencies do exist. What has not been established is where and why these 'pockets of effectiveness' are able to emerge. Some attribute their existence to exceptional leadership and good management. Others, while not doubting the importance of these internal factors, believe that these 'pockets' are generated by their place in the country's political economy. The literature on this subject is dominated by case studies and the consequence is that a very large number of hypotheses have been generated about what the political processes at work might be. This article inventories the array of available hypotheses and condenses them into five sets of meta‐hypotheses. It also discusses how social scientists and practitioners ought to think about something whose occurrence is idiosyncratic. The future of development administration will be enhanced by more informed choice of strategic opportunities—avoiding both political determinism and a naive faith that all is equally possible to those who will it. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


A comprehensive review on intructions to authors from a lot of specialized journals is made. From this analysis the basic types of papers to publish and the main requirements they should fulfil are set up: manuscript conditions, formal requisites, authors' general data, copyright, and refereeing. The main steps to be followed in the writing of theoretical or practical research are pointed out. Some other factors to take into account are dealt with, pointed out, such as paper extension, style, language, number of copies, illustrations and electronic media. Conclusions and recommendations are offered here in


Setting the national scene integration of early childhood the inquiring professional young children as learners language and literacy learning mathematical learning how adults support children's mathematical thinking creating contexts for professional development in educare early childhood services in the new millennium.


This research mainly discusses the lethal factors of patients who receive the surgery of heart valve replacement for a long time. The research purpose is to provide the reference for the therapy of clinic. Logistic regressive mathematical model and a new conditioning (training) set are given. Applying incomplete difference analysis to the model and testing with reamer intercept method to ensure the correctness of the model, we obtain that the patient with diabetes, ejection fraction(the percent of discharging blood) less than 35% after surgery, the time of artery block between 61–90minutes, and the age less than 15 or more than 65 are risk factors of the long-term deaths.


Abstract: The interactions between α‐latrotoxin (α‐LTx), a neurosecretagogue purified from the venom of the black widow spider, and the trivalent cations Al3+, Y3+, La3+, Gd3+, and Yb3+ were investigated in rat striatal synaptosomal preparations. All trivalent cations tested were inhibitors of α‐LTx‐induced [3H]dopamine ([3H]DA) release (order of potency: Yb3+ > Gd3+± Y3+ > La3+ > Al3+). Only with Al3+ could inhibition of [3H]DA release be attributed to a block of 125I‐α‐LTx specific binding to synaptosomal preparations. The inhibitory effect of trivalent ions was reversible provided synaptosomes were washed with buffer containing EDTA. Trivalent ions also inhibited α‐LTx‐induced [3H]DA release at times when α‐LTx‐stimulated release was already evident. α‐LTx‐induced synaptosomal membrane depolarization was blocked by La3+, but not affected by Gd3+, Y3+, and Yb3+. α‐LTx‐stimulated uptake of 45Ca2+ was inhibited by all trivalent cations tested. These results demonstrate that there exist at least three means by which trivalent cations can inhibit α‐LTx action in rat striatal synaptosomal preparations: (1) inhibition of α‐LTx binding (Al3+); (2) inhibition of α‐LTx‐induced depolarization (La3+); and (3) inhibition of α‐LTx‐induced 45Ca2+ uptake (Gd3+, Y3+, Yb3+, La3+).


Some of the most difficult theoretical challenges of QCD occur at the interface of the perturbative and nonperturbative regimes. Exclusive and semi-exclusive processes, the diffractive dissociation of hadrons into jets, and hard diffractive processes such as vector meson leptoproduction provide new testing grounds for QCD and essential information on the structure of light-cone wavefunctions of hadrons, particularly the pion distribution amplitude. I review the basic features of the leading-twist QCD predictions and the problems and challenges of studying QCD at the amplitude level.


Information diffusion model based on social learning makes up defects of traditional innovation diffusion model with time and emerges social network simulation method. Empirical research to diffusion data of book publication shows that information diffusion which is based on the consumer network fits sample data better. Social learning effect plays a very important role in the book publish diffusion. Information diffusion models as online to offline or offline to online (O2O) that are based on consumer network reveal different consumer network topology structure faced by book products and present different learning effect and mechanism which is adopted by the consumer group of product innovation. Research results are beneficial to explore essence of the product information diffusion and design targeted marketing strategies.


This paper aims at articulating the epistemological framework of Biology of Cognition (MATURANA, 1998) and Narrative Inquiry (CLANDININ & CONNELLY, 2000) in order to propose a systemic approach for the teaching and learning of English as a Foreign Language and to overcome the theory-practice dichotomy that usually dominates the field. For this reason, I present a study of a narrative in the context of an English language classroom that will shed light on the historical nature of the operational interfaces between emotion and cognition. I claim that the research participant's emotions and life history determine her classroom actions. I argue that the construction of narratives foster the emergence of a reflective attitude that can bring forth transformations in emotions and actions in the classroom. Wtih this I have the objective to contribute to the expansion of our reflective horizons about the inter-relationship of language, cognition and emotion, which are fundamental to our understanding of the classroom.


Virtual water trade is a new idea of alleviating water scarcity and ensuring food security in China. The article introduces concepts of virtual water and virtual water trade, analyzes water crisis in agricultural sector and food security in China, and makes some suggestions for solving water shortage and ensuring food security. Food security is increasingly becoming a serious problem in China due to water shortage and difficulties in increase 150 million tons of food to meet the demand in the coming 30 years. Therefore, food shortage problem could not be fully solved depending solely on traditional measures and techniques. Virtual water trade provides a new solution for this problem. According to current water shortage situation and the research results, 30 million tons of food should be imported in order to close the gap of 30 billion m~3 of water deficit through virtual water trade, and this amount of food import will not affect significantly the world food market. It costs 50 billion RMB that is about two percent of the total import value in China, and China is able to import these foods. Virtual water trade is therefore a good opportunity for Chinese farmers to increase their income. Moreover, the cost of virtual water trade is relatively lower than that of the project entitled Water Transfer Project from the South to the North in terms of economics, environment and food security. The article concludes that it is feasible for China to increase 30 million tons of food import to solve 30 billion m~3 of water shortage currently and in the coming 30 years. However, virtual water trade for achieving those targets is a long-term strategy and a systematic project. Quantity of food import should be increased gradually. In this regard, China will have to apply both project and non-project measures, including virtual water trade, to improve the conditions. Finally, the article recommends that virtual water trade should be based on the food self-support policy. Increase of 150 million tons of food in the coming 30 years will have to be realized mainly domestically, as virtual water trade can only solve partially food shortage problem.


Diazinon (DZN) is one of the most broadly used organophosphorus insecticides in controlling agricultural pests, increasing exposure to these compounds that may have harmful side effects. Hesperidin (HN) is a citrus bioflavonoid with gifted anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects. The purpose of this study was to explore antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of HN on DZN induced hepatotoxicity in adult male albino rats. Forty-eight adult male albino rats were included into four groups; Group I served as the control (IA, IB and IC), Group II HN (50 mg/kg), Group III diazinon (20 mg/kg) and Group IV hesperidin and diazinon in doses as previously mentioned. All treatments were given daily via oral gavage for 6 weeks. Subsequently, Blood samples were collected and serum liver enzymes (ALT and AST) were determined. Then livers were extracted to assess hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), histopathological (Haematoxylin and Eosin staining) and immunohistochemistry using tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Diazinon intoxication induced a significant raise of serum liver enzymes and hepatic MDA and a significant reduction in hepatic SOD and GSH. It also induced histopathological alterations in liver with strong TNF-α immunoreactivity. The previous toxic effects were partially improved by hesperidin treatment in combination with DZN. It can be concluded that HN supplementation alleviates DZN induced hepatotoxicity via antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.


Through analysing the border router function and common network security of the campus network,and through implementation of the campus border of network security by using border disposition and enhancement security of oneself ,this paper offers the detailed disposition listing at the same time.


An account of the upper classes and parts of the middle classes in 17th century Berlin and Colln in the context of the overall development in Brandenburg and Prussia. This analytical study of urban and family history evaluates Protestant funeral orations and describes baroque life in Berlin in the early modern age. The author shows how family relationshps are gradually superseded by a developing meritocracy.


Population geneticists have long sought to comprehend various selection traces present in the goat genome due to natural or human-driven selection and breeding practices. As a step forward to pinpoint the selection signals in the Pakistani Dera-Din-Panah (DDP) goat breed, whole-genome pooled-sequencing (n=12) was performed and 618,236,192 clean paired-end reads were mapped against ARS1 reference goat assembly. Five different selection signal statistics were applied here using four Site-Frequency Spectrum (SFS) methods (Tajima's D (TD), Fay & Wu's H (H), Zeng's E (E), Pool – HMM) and one Reduced Local-Variability approach named pooled-heterozygosity (Hp). The under-selection regions were annotated with significant threshold values of –ZTD≥4.7, –ZH≥6, –ZE≥2.5, Pool-HMM≥12, and –ZHp≥5, which resulted in accumulative 364 candidate gene hits, while the highest signals were observed on Chr. 4, 6, 10, 12, 15, 16, 18, 20, 27 harbor ADAMTS6, CWC27 genes associated with body-height, RELN, MYCBP2, FGF14, STIM1, CFAP74, GNB1, CALML6, TMEM52, FAM149A, NADK, MMP23B, OPN3 with body-weight/meat production, FH, MFHAS1, KLKB1 with milk production, RRM1, KMO, SPEF2, F11 with fecundity rate/reproduction, ATP8B4 with immunity, KIT, KMO with pigmentation, ERI1 with olfaction and RHOG with wool production traits. Furthermore, we accentuate to highlight the putative windows that were captured commonly by any of the five statistical methods applied which harbor meat production, immunity and reproduction-associated genes validating the genotype-phenotype relationship of aforementioned traits private to this goat breed. Current insight into the genomic architecture of DDP goat provides a better understanding to improve its genetic potential and other vested traits of large body size and fiber production by updating the breeding strategies to boost the livestock-based agricultural economy of the country.


The molecular and crystal structure of bis[benzyl 2-(heptan-4-ylidene)hydrazine-1-carboxylate-κ2 N 2,O]bis(thiocyanato)nickel(II) is reported. Hirshfeld surface and simultaneous TGA–DTA analyses are also described


The cylindrical lens brings the orbital angular momentum (OAM) into the original Hermite-Gaussian (HG) beam. The OAM of such a beam is the sum of the vortex and astigmatic components, and can reach large values (tens and hundreds of thousands per photon). We get the exact formula for OAM of such astigmatic HG (aHG) beams. Using intensity distributions of the aHG beam in foci of two cylindrical lenses, we measure the normalized OAM of the elliptic aHG beam, which differs only by 7% from its theoretical OAM value (experimental OAM is -13.62, theoretical OAM is -14.76).


Nutrition is an important aspect in the patient's road to recovery after any surgical procedure. Often there is a communication gap which is not beneficial for the patient. The aim of this audit was to evaluate the communication regarding patient nutrition requirements.

 All consecutive patients on a General surgical morning ward round were included. Four communication points were reviewed:
 Data was collected prospectively on a predesigned proforma.

 First Cycle:
 Second Cycle:

 Nutrition in surgical patients is very important. It is proven that patients on ERAS programme have fewer complications, more rapid return to function and shorter hospital stay. Emphasis and education about the importance of nutrition is the way forward.


It has been suggested that the production of public goods through a government involves a circularity problem. Since government itself is a public good, how can we use government to produce other public goods? Several solutions to this supposed circularity are offered. Government is a unique kind of public good with some potentially self-generating and self-supporting features. The public goods theory of government remains intact, and this enterprise helps shed some light on the special features of government.


Computing-In-Memory (CIM) architectures using Non-Volatile Memories (NVMs) have emerged as a promising way to address the "memory wall" problem in traditional Von Neumann architectures. CIM accelerators can perform arithmetic or Boolean logic operations in NVMs by fully exploiting their high parallelism for bit-wise operations. These accelerators are often used in cooperation with general-purpose processors to speed up a wide variety of artificial neural network applications. In such a heterogeneous computing architecture, the legacy software should be redesigned and re-engineered to utilize new CIM accelerators. In this paper, we propose a compilation tool to automatically migrate legacy programs to such heterogeneous architectures based on the LLVM compiler infrastructure. To accelerate some computations such as vector-matrix multiplication in CIM accelerators, we identify several typical computing patterns from LLVM intermediate representations (IRs), which are oblivious to high-level programming paradigms. Our compilation tool can modify acceleratable LLVM IRs to offload them to CIM accelerators automatically, without re-engineering legacy software. Experimental results show that our compilation tool can translate many legacy programs to CIM-supported binary executables effectively, and improve application performance and energy efficiency by up to 51 × and 309 ×, respectively, compared with general-purpose x86 processors.


An ergonomic pressure dispersing pillow comprises a pillow face, a pillow body and a shock absorption pressure dispersing cushion. The pillow face and the pillow body are made of soft buffer materials, the pillow body is provided with at least one cavity, the shock absorption pressure dispersing cushion covers the cavity, and the pillow face covers the shock absorption pressure dispersing cushion. When the head of the human body rests on the pillow face above the cavity, the pillow face and the shock absorption pressure dispersing cushion sink into the cavity due to the weight of the head, the sinking degree differs due to the differences of the weight of the bodily forms, proper supporting effects can be provided according to the bodily forms, the sinking-type pillow face is good in wrapping performance and has a head locating effect, the head and the cervical vertebra can be located at proper positions, a user is guided to enable the shoulders to be attached to the lower edge of the pillow to prevent the stiff neck, and an even pressure dispersing effect can be provided with the assistance of the shock absorption pressure dispersing cushion below the pillow face.


The solar quiet variation (Sq) is one typical kind of the variable magnetic field of the Earth. The feature of Sq reflects the structure of electricity and high altitude atmosphere tide in ionosphere. The variation of Sq takes an important role in understanding the process in coupling of ionosphere-thermosphere. It is necessary to separate the Sq correctly from the geomagnetic field used to estimate the geomagnetic indices (such as Dst, Kp and AE indices) and forecast the level of geomagnetic activity. In this paper, the geomagnetic field data observed by ground-based observatories are used to analysis the configuration of Sq, the prenoon-postnoon asymmetry, and the daily variations of Sq depended on the latitude and solar zenith. The results indicate that the asymmetry of Sq is resulted from interaction between the current systems in low and high latitude regions.


This essay is an attempt to indicate a perspective of research rather than to furnish definitive results and, trying to interprete K. Mannheim's work, sustains that : (1) origins and validity of thought can be separated; (2) the approach of genetic analysis, typical of sociology of knowledge, constitutes a type of valid reasearch different from scientific research; (3) these facts require a perspective of methodological pluralism that can prove the legitimacy and the specifics of different known complementary approaches; (4) genetic validity studies the relationship between thought and being (that is social being); (5) such research can provide a contribution in terms of (historic) objectiveness of cultural elements, that can add (methodological pluralism) to the universality and the instrumental validity, understood as specific outputs of other forms of rational researches


The drainage asphalt pavement contains consecutive pores and has the noise reduction effect. We have analyzed the factors of the effect carrying out the site measurements and the experiments related to the drainage pavement. As a consequence, we have derived the sound power level equations of vehicles, which show the noise reduction effect of the drainage pavement at a sound source. In fact, they give us smaller values of sound power level compared to those of the dense graded asphalt pavement. On the other hand we have obtained the flow resistivity of 1, 250 kPa s/m2 for the drainage pavement as the noise reduction effect during propagation. This is smaller than that of the dense graded pavement, 20, 000 kPa s/m2, and generates the excess attenuation in the course of sound propagation. In view of the aforementioned, we have proposed the calculation method of the sound pressure level in the roadside area of drainage pavement on a basis of the A method of ASJ Model-1993, taking into consideration these factors at the sound source and during the sound propagation related to the noise reduction effect of the drainage pavement. The sound pressure levels measured along the drainage pavement have verified this method.


The training needs of owner‐managers of small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) have been consistently neglected by management development models. To address this lack of support in such a vital economic sector, researchers in Ireland have produced a bespoke, competency‐based personal development model.


with the Dustbuster Plus cordless vacuum. Since all of the modifications involve only the crevice tool. the vacuum can still be used in the laboratory for general cleanup as originally designed. The cost per aspirator, regardless of model type discussed, is approximately $35.00. This cost includes the total unit with the appropriate charger base, batteries, accessor.y attachments, etc. In summary, we believe that the units described, and the detailed instructions for converting them into aspirators for small flying insects, offer several distinct advantages to ones previously described in the literature. Besides being portable, lightweight, battery-powered and durable, the most important advantage for field operations is the quick and easy diSconnection and reattachment of sample containers (i .e., less "down t ime").