BACKGROUND
 The COVID-19 pandemic has considerably altered the regular medical education curriculum while increasing the need for health care professionals. Senior medical students are being incrementally deployed to the front line to address the shortage of certified physicians. These students, some of whom will be fast-tracked as physicians, may lack knowledge regarding the initial management of time-critical emergencies such as stroke.

 OBJECTIVE
 Our aim was to determine whether an e-learning module could improve asynchronous distance knowledge acquisition of the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) in senior medical students compared to the traditional didactic video.

 METHODS
 A randomized, data analyst–blinded web-based trial was conducted at the University of Geneva Faculty of Medicine between April and June 2020. Fifth year medical students followed a distance learning path designed to teach the NIHSS. The control group followed the traditional didactic video created by Patrick Lyden, while the e-learning group followed the updated version of a previously tested, highly interactive e-learning module. The main outcome was the score on a 50-question quiz displayed upon completion of the learning material. The difference in the proportion of correct answers for each specific NIHSS item was also assessed.

 RESULTS
 Out of 158 potential participants, 88 started their allocated learning path and 75 completed the trial. Participants who followed the e-learning module performed better than those who followed the video (38 correct answers, 95% CI 37-39, vs 35 correct answers, 95% CI 34-36, P<.001). Participants in the e-learning group scored better on five elements than the video group: key NIHSS concepts (P=.02), the consciousness – global item (P<.001), the facial palsy item (P=.04), the ataxia item (P=.03), and the sensory item (P=.04).

 CONCLUSIONS
 Compared to the traditional didactic video, a highly interactive e-learning module enhances asynchronous distance learning and NIHSS knowledge acquisition in senior medical students.


The work aimed to develop a dressing for wound treatment using the polymer polyvinylpyrrolidone, ethanol, and crushed leaves of the medicinal plant Aloe vera, produced by the electrospinning method. Six samples were produced and observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), as well as by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The percentage distribution of fiber diameters was analyzed, and it was observed that increasing the mass of Aloe vera leaves in the solution tends to favor this distribution and increase the fiber diameter. The infrared spectra indicated the presence of the alcohol function, a six-atom ring of the vinyl group, and vinyl ethers. It was found that the addition of Aloe vera may lead to the exclusion of the alkene function in the samples. There was a similarity in the infrared line shapes for all the samples.


Abstract
The use of teams is ubiquitous in organizations, yet teams are not always effective. Much work has been conducted to understand those factors that facilitate effective team training. While much has been learned, there is no escaping the fact that team training is a complex, resource intensive endeavor. Recent advancements in the area of intelligent tutoring may provide a way forward as one method by which to reduce some of the ongoing resource requirements involved in team training. The current chapter relies on the science of team training to describe a tool, team task analysis, that should be considered in building ITSs that move beyond the training of individual tasks to those which are team-based. In that vein, an overview of team task analysis is provided, how it differs from individual task analysis, and what it may contribute to the design of ITS for teams. In doing so, we put forth five considerations that are somewhat unique as compared with traditional task analysis as well as some corresponding guidance from the literature in light of these considerations. It is our hope that this information will not only be useful to those building team-based ITSs, but spur future thought.


In the present study the variety of cluster bean namely Ankur Rani was used to inducegenetic variability. For these study two chemical mutagens, namely EMS of differentconcentration such as 0.05%,0.10%,0.15% and SA of different concentration such as 0.01%,0.02% and 0.03% were used. The seeds of variety Ankur Rani of Cluster bean were obtainedfrom Local market of Aurangabad (Maharashtra).These seeds were subjected to mutagenesis byusing chemical mutagens. M1 generation was raised and effect of these mutagens on differentparameterslikegerminationpercentage,seedlingheight,leafmorphological changes,chlorophyll chimeras, pollen sterility, and plant survival percentage. Both the mutagens hadshown an inhibitory effect on seed germination. The 0.15% EMS showed highest germinationpercentage. The 0.03% SA showed lowest germination percentage. Seedling height was found toincrease as concentration of both the mutagens. But exceptionally it is found to be


The study analyses the nutrient flow of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) on six intensive pig farms in Northwest Germany over a period of 5 years. The study investigated the farmers' management of nutrient flows associated with intensive pig farming, focusing especially on the management of manure. It could be shown that in intensive pig production, high performance and performance-related feeding positively affects nutrient flow efficiency. However, on the crop production side of the farms, there existed a great disharmony between the farmers' perception of manure used as (N, P) fertiliser on their crops and the real quantity of nutrients produced by their intensive pig farming. The farmers were unable to estimate the fertiliser effect of their manure correctly [underestimation N = 7.6% (10.6 kg/ha), P = 33.6% (11.6 kg/ha)]. The application of nutrients by mineral fertiliser was underestimated also [N by 4.1% (8.1 kg/ha), P by 12.7% (1.5 kg/ha)] and were inadequately attuned to the large amount of manure produced by their intensive pig production. As a result, the farms had large nutrient losses (104.5 kg N/ ha; 11.7 kg P/ha) and were unable to fulfil the minimum German legal requirements for fertiliser application. The study evaluated the critical aspects of nutrient management and discusses possible improvements for the future.

 Key words: Nutrient management, intensive pig production, Northwest Germany


AIMS
To propose an original evaluation and validation of the Clock Face Test (CFT).

METHOD
Outpatients; 163 elderly people, aged over 65 years. Factory analysis, Student's test.

RESULTS
The test shows a positive correlation with Folstein's MMSE (r = 0.769) and Signoret's BEC 96 (r = 0.644), a good specificity (75% with MMSE; 79% with BEC 96) and a good sensitivity (87% with MMSE; 74% with BEC 96). Four factors are identified by factory analysis; 74% of the variancy is explained by the first three factors.

CONCLUSION
The CFT is a valid tool, easy to conduct. Several applications are possible for diagnosis, psychometric control and therapeutic trials.


For hybrid systems described by interconnections of linear discrete-time dynamical systems, automata, and propositional logic rules, we recently proposed the Mixed Logical Dynamical (MLD) systems formalism and the language HYSDEL (Hybrid System Descrip- tion Language) as a modeling tool. For MLD models, we developed a reachability analysis algorithm which combines forward reach set computation and feasibility analysis of trajectories by linear and mixed-integer linear programming. In this paper the versatility of the overall analysis tool is illustrated on the batch evaporator benchmark process.


The principal design regulations affecting vehicle crashworthiness are the Australian design rules for motor vehicle safety (ADRS). The paper discusses the development and operation of the ADR system, including recent changes and the increasing emphasis on international harmonization. Consequences of the ADR system for crashworthiness are discussed and those ADRS influencing crashworthiness are identified. In addition current developments, particularly in the area of bus and coach safety, are discussed (a).


The separation of variables for the Klein–Gordon and Dirac equations, in the presence of electromagnetic fields, for a class of curvilinear coordinate systems with a null coordinate is presented. W...


The Balkans, which had long been characterized by higher fertility and earlier mortality than the more western and northern parts of the European continent, have become demographically modern. They are not for that reason any less diverse. This is witnessed, for example, by the gap that separates Bulgaria, which has long made the demographic transition, and Albania, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, or Kosovo, where the natural population growth exceeds by far the migratory deficit. It is also witnessed by the very large spectrum of degrees of aging. Political and economic changes in the Balkans, the crises that accompanied them, the doubts that they have caused concerning the collective future, have reinforced the general tendencies toward delayed marriage and fertility, as well as toward reduced marriage and fertility rates. This has de facto consolidated the tendency toward demographic aging.
Migrations, especially the migrations directly or indirectly related to the conflicts in former Yugoslavia, have also contributed to the modification of the demographic landscape and to the altering of the dynamic of the affected populations. They have also had an effect on the ethnic distribution of these populations. In the Balkans, whose bases have been strongly shaken in the past twenty years, heavy fertility and mortality tendencies limit the spectrum of possible mid-to-long term futures. There are also important consequences on the socioeconomic plan. All this in a political context, internal and external, that is the source of many questions.


Background: This study aimed to assess the effects of maternal bacterial vaginosis (BV) on the morbidity and mortality of HIV-exposed infants of women enrolled in a randomized controlled trial (pre-dating antiretroviral therapy) at birth, 6 months, and 12 months. Methods: Four hundred and twenty-five HIV-positive pregnant women were enrolled in this trial and were categorized as exposed if they had a laboratory-based diagnosis of BV (Nugent method). We compared the morbidity and mortality of infants of the mothers at birth, 6 months, and 12 months. We assessed morbidities from the mother's history and clinical examination during scheduled and non-scheduled visits. The data that were collected longitudinally were then analyzed via multiple logistic regression with the generalized estimating equation. An independent correlation structure was assumed to evaluate the specific morbidity risks to infants associated with exposure to BV. We used the Kaplan–Meier method to generate the cumulative hazard curve, to determine mortalities at different stages between the two groups. Overall, only data for 328 infants were complete and used in the analysis.Results: Data were available for 159 and 171 BV exposed and non-exposed mothers, respectively. Exposure to BV was not associated with any neonatal morbidity at birth, but was associated with adverse maternal condition (unadjusted odds ratio [OR], 2.93; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.19–7.20, P=0.02) and maternal hospital admissions (unadjusted OR, 1.95; 95% CI, 1.08–3.51, P=0.02). At 6 months, infants of BV exposed mothers had higher odds of bloody stool (adjusted OR, 3.08; 95% CI, 1.11–10.00, P=0.04), dehydration (adjusted OR, 2.94; 95% CI, 1.44–6.37, P=0.01), vomiting (adjusted OR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.06–2.56, P=0.03), and mouth ulcers (adjusted OR, 12.8; 95% CI, 2.27–241.21, P=0.02). At 12 months, exposure to BV was associated with dehydration (adjusted OR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.05–3.19, P=0.03) and vomiting (adjusted OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.01–1.92, P=0.04). Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed no association of BV with infant mortality (P=0.65); however, the cumulative hazard curve showed a higher trend toward deaths among BV exposed infants.Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that BV is a good predictor of maternal and infant morbidities. Infants of both HIV and BV exposed mothers can manifest these symptoms at any stage within a year of growth. Adverse maternal condition and hospitalization of mothers after birth could indicate exposure to BV. Bloody stool, dehydration, vomiting, and mouth ulcers could indicate exposure to BV among infants.


An experiment tested the hypothesis that cognitive change resulting from information inputs can be represented as linear motion of concepts in multidimensional space. The theoretical background is reviewed and the mathematical derivation of the hypothesis is given. A set of 15 nations was scaled using Woelfel's Galileo system of multidimensional scaling. Experimental messages were introduced and the posttest interconcept distances compared with those predicted by theory. The crucial partial correlations were low, a failure to confirm the hypothesis. Secondary analyses suggested that the failure may have resulted from inadequate control of message content and failure to ensure that the concepts scaled compose a cognitive domain. The theory made better predictions for a subset of the concepts that might be a domain. An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that cognitive change resulting from information inputs can be represented as linear motion of concepts in a multidimensional space. This research may be considered as an attempt to extend the bounds of the spacial model of cognition, a paradigm increasingly influential on communication research; the results may be considered as evidence of limits to the model's scope. The following sections will discuss the theoretical background of the research and present the derivation of the experimental hypothesis, describe the design, procedures, and analysis of the study, present the results, and consider alternative explanations.


Callinectes danae and C. ornatus are economically important species in several countries, including Brazil. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the L50 of these species using morphological, morphometric, and physiological data. The estimated values were statically compared and results from previous studies were analyzed to verify latitudinal variations among the sizes of sexual maturity at different latitudes of the Brazilian coast. Individuals were monthly collected in the Paraguaçu River estuary from August 2013 to July 2014, using cage traps. L50 estimates for C. danae were morphological=55.80 mm, morphometric=59.04, mm, and physiological=60.41 mm for males and morphological=54.63 mm, morphometric=55.33 mm, and physiological=57.29 mm for females. Considering C. ornatus, estimates were morphological=42.63 mm, morphometric=50.81 mm, and physiological=43.95 mm for males and morphological=42.33 mm, morphometric=42.75 mm, and physiological=40.43 mm for females. Our results indicated that the minimum catch sizes should be equal to 61.00 mm for C. danae and 51.00 for C. ornatus and that the mesh of traps used by fishermen must be adjusted to prevent the capture of immature animals.


Palm Oil Mill Effluent treatment produces sludge as byproduct. The sludge produced will cause problems for environment if there are no actions and treatments taken toward the sludge. The purpose of this research is to reduce the pollution of palm oil mill effluent with aerob composting methods using sludge, boiler ash and palm oil fiber. The instrument used is a simple composter with 60 cm height and 30 cm diameter. The sludge is mixed with boiler ash, fiber and organic waste, and then EM-4 was added as an activator. This research used the addition of 0,7 % EM-4 activator, with variations of stack's height are 40, 45 and 50 cm to find out the optimal height to achieve thermophylic condition and the quality of the compost produced. The result of this research shows that compost with 50 cm stack's height reached the highest temperature of 47,30C. The quality of the compost produced meets the SNI's 19-7030-2004 requirement. The compost is mature at the 21st day with result Rasio C/N= 12,2. The conversion of palm's oil sludge into compost can be used as an alternative in utilization waste into valuable product. Keywords: boiler ash, compost, EM-4 activator, fiber, palm's sludge


Cuproptosis, a kind of newly-recognized cell death modality, shows enormous prospect in cancer treatment. The inducer of cuproptosis has more advantages in tumor therapy, especially that could trigger cuproptosis and chemodynamic therapy (CDT) simultaneously. However, cuproptosis is restricted to the deficiency of intracellular copper ions and the non-specific delivery of copper-based ionophores. Therefore, high level delivery, responsive release and utilizing synergistic-function of inducer become the key on cuproptosis-based oncotherapy. In this work, we constructed a cascade nanosystem for enhanced cuproptosis and CDT. In the weak acidic environment of tumor cells, DNA, zinc ions and Cu+ could release from the nanosystem. Since Cu+ having superior performance in mediating both Fenton-like reaction and cuproptosis, the released Cu+ induced cuproptosis and CDT efficiently, accompanied by Cu2+ generation. Then Cu2+ could be converted into Cu+ partially by glutathione (GSH) to from a Cu+ supply loop and ensure the synergistic action. Meanwhile, the consumption of GSH also contributed to cuproptosis and CDT in return. Finally, DNA and Zn2+ formed DNAzyme to shear catalase-related RNA, resulting in the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and further enhancing combination therapy. These results provide a promising nano-therapeutic platform and may inspire the design for potential cancer treatment based on cuproptosis. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Abstract : A summary is given of the solution methods general enough to be useful for obtaining exact solutions of non-linear ordinary differential equations. A method of generating solvable equations by reversal of derivatives is given in detail, with a formula for the reversal of the n(th) derivative. It is also noted that many important non-linear problems can be reduced to Abel's differential equation. (Author)


Isotopic response is a distinctive phenomenon in which a new skin disorder occurs at the site of another, unrelated, and already healed skin disease. Most of the cases documented in the literature were associated with herpes zoster as primary disease while the list of "second" diseases is quite long. We report here a hitherto unreported occurrence of isotopic response in which secondary syphilis occurred on the healed lesions of varicella.


In present condition to full-fill the demand of sustainable construction, concrete made with different materials is the best choice for the construction industry. Generally, we use materials which are required for conventional concrete and addition to those we replace the low-cost materials such as bottom ash in this project we replace the coal bottom ash & quarry dust to the fine aggregate by variable percentages. Coal bottom ash is the by-product of coal combustion. The rock detritus filled in the fishers of coal become separator from the coal during pulverization. In the furnace, carbon, other combustible matter burns, & the non-combustible matter result in coal ash. The coal ash collector from the electro static precipitators is called fly ash. coal bottom ash constitutes about 20% of coal ash and the result is fly ash. The perfect substitute for reverse sand is quarry dust it is the one of the ingredients in manufacture of concrete the crusher dust is known as quarry dust can be used as alternative material to the river sand. quarry dust possesses similar properties as that of river sand, hence accepted as a building material. The aggregate replaced with concrete in various percentages as both BA and QD (10%,20%&30%). All replacements where done to the m30 grade of concrete. the concrete has been replaced by coal bottom ash accordingly to the percentage, and fine aggregate has been replaced by quarry dust in percentage. concrete mixtures where produced, tested & compared in terms of compressive strength, tensile, flexural strength are evaluated. The curing of cubes, cylinders, & beams is 7days 28days & 90days.


Karl Buhler (1879-1963) was one of the leading theoreticians of language of the twentieth century. Although primarily a psychologist, Buhler devoted much of his attention to the study of language and language theory. His masterwork Sprachtheorie (1934) quickly gained recognition in the fields of linguistics, semiotics, the philosophy of language and the psychology of language. This new edition of the English translation of Buhler's theory begins with a survey on 'Buhler's legacy' for modern linguistics (Werner Abraham), followed by the Theory of Language, and finally with a special 'Postscript: Twenty-five Years Later …' (Achim Eschbach). Buhler's theory is divided into four parts. Part I discusses the four axioms or principles of language research, the most famous of which is the first, the organon model , the base of Buhler's instrumental view of language. Part II treats the role of indexicality in language and discusses deixis as one determinant of speech. Part III examines the symbolic field, dealing with context, onomatopoeia and the function of case. Part IV deals with the elements of language and their organization (syllabification, the definition of the word, metaphor, anaphora, etc).The text is accompanied by an Introduction (Achim Eschbach); Translator's preface (Donald Fraser Goodwin); Glossary of terms; and a Bibliography of cited works.


In 2001, threats of a U.S. economic slowdown, a moderation of economic growth in the EU, sharp deceleration of the global electronics cycle, and high oil prices could be some of the potential external shocks clouding Asia's economic outlook. This article analyzes these external shocks and assesses which Asian economies are most (or least) vulnerable to these exogenous shocks. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


Block decoding in JPEG2000 consists of a bitplane decoder coupled tightly to an MQ arithmetic decoder. The bitplane decoder presents contexts to the arithmetic decoder which are used to drive a probability model used to decode sample bits from the compressed bitstream. The bitplane decoder, in most cases, requires the decoded result before it can produce the next context. Arithmetic decoders which have a latency of one or more clock cycles will thus limit the throughput of the block decoder. We present a new method of performing probability estimation that can reduce arithmetic decoder latency. This enables the block decoder to process one sample bit per clock cycle, whilst increasing the area of the arithmetic decoder by only 1.3 times.


The learning outcomes of social studies subjects obtained by students were not as expected. In order to solve this problem it is requires learning model and appropriate media to support social studies in grade V MI students. The purpose of the study was to analyses the efficacy of employing pop-up book medium in the snowball-throwing learning paradigm for fifth-grade MI students' social studies learning outcomes. This study utilizes quantitative research using a proper experimental design and a pre- and post-test control group design. 50 fifth-grade students participated in this study, 20 in the treatment group and 20 in the control group. In this study, the independent variable (X) is the pop-up book media and the snowball-throwing learning model, while the dependent variable (Y) is students of V grade MI learning results. This study's data analysis approach utilized a precondition test, specifically the initial and final normality tests, to determine whether or not the data were normally distributed, while the hypothesis test employed a one-sided T test. The results show that there are differences in student learning outcomes in the experimental class using pop-up book media in the snowball throwing learning model compared with the control class using conventional learning methods.


Background After the ebola epidemic, triage systems in many West African hospitals had broken down. This project assessed the impact of a multi-modal quality improvement intervention based on nurse-led assessment and treatment in a 150-bed tertiary paediatric hospital. Methods We reorganised patient flow and outpatient department layout. We delivered nurse training based on WHO Emergency Triage Assessment and Treatment (ETAT) guidelines, and intensive mentoring over three months. Responsibility for initial assessment and treatment was shifted to the nursing staff. All patients presenting between 0800 and 1400 were observed for five consecutive days before intervention, and at three and six months following the start of the intervention. The team observed the triage assessments made by the nurses, and compared them to their own assessments. The team also collected data on patient arrival, triage, assessment and treatment times for all patients. Results Abstract G312 Table 1 Researcher: children with emergency signs Triage nurse: children with emergency signs Researcher: children with priority signs Triage nurse: children with priority signs November 2015 40 12 (30%) 74 24 (32%) March 2016 18 15 (83%) 80 76 (95%) June 2016 30 30 (100%) 71 71 (100%) Abstract G312 Table 2 Children recognised to have ETAT emergency signs by the triage nurse November March June Mean time: triage to assessment 49 min 18 min 7 min Mean time: triage to antimalarials or antibiotics 195 min (n=8) 42 min (n=13) 21 min (n=30) Discussion These results suggest that important improvements to paediatric triage and treatment can be delivered in West African hospitals by nurses working in advanced roles.


ernment or quasi-governmental payor, as under Truman, it very nearly did in –, and the rest of the developed world actually did, then reasonable drug prices would be negotiated with the major firms by that agency in the United States too. So, clearly, there would be no great opportunity or need for small manufacturers to sell off-patent drugs at low prices. Further, one might speculate, there would be no late-twentieth century crisis of pharmaceutical innovation, because raw marketing spending would never have offered the big firms an alternative to genuine, medically valuable innovation. What now does it mean that the global drug industry has turned generic? This fine, stimulating, and entertaining book offers much food for thought.


The stochastic time series produced by the arrival at random times of identical individual events is considered. It is shown that if the shape of the individual events and of the resulting autocorrelation function and power spectrum are each represented by a Gram‐Charlier series, relatively simple relationships exist between the different sequences of coefficients. These relationships are most serviceable when the coefficients of the autocorrelation function are used as the primary quantities. If the band width of the noise is ``moderate,'' the series has a small number of terms and consequently is practical from a computational viewpoint. The formulas are applied to the experimental data of noise produced when current is forced backwards through a silicon crystal. The shape of the individual noise events is determined from a knowledge of the experimental autocorrelation function. As a check on the analysis the power spectrum and the expected number of zeros per second are computed from the Gram‐Charlier series and compared with the experimental data.


The focus of the researchers has now shifted towards the geopolymer based materials as it considered as sustainable alternative to the existing cementitious materials. This paper attempts to incorporate the binary blend of pozzolanic material to develop geopolymer composite and understand it's mechanical and water transport performance as a building material. The combination of bottom ash and rice husk ash with fly ash as a common binder was used for development of geopolymer composite. Replacement levels of both bottom ash and rice husk ash was kept at 40%, 30% and 20% of total solid proportions. Also, the molarity of NaOH was provided at 12 M and 14 M levels respectively. The results showed that the blend of FA-BA blend to be better performed against the blend of FA-RHA blend for their mechanical and water transport properties. The compressive strength of the geopolymer composite having blend of fly ash and bottom ash reached to the value of 41.49 MPa due to its suitable Si/Al ratio for geopolymerization reaction, which is quite remarkable. Also, the results of water transport performance shows the blend of FA-BA to be 15-20% more resistant to percolation of water as compared to FA-RHA blended geopolymer composite, thus lowering the risk of damages to the structures.


The millimeter-wave spectrum of 57-64 GHz has been allocated for use of unlicensed applications. It provides wide bandwidth and increased channel capacity for future communication systems. RF front ends combined with quasi-Yagi antenna based on Active Integrated Antenna (AIA) concept offer benefits of compact circuit design operating on limited source power and reduction of loss which are all desirable for millimeter wave applications. This paper summarizes our recent research toward the development of more functional millimeter wave front ends. V-band circuits were implemented to realize functional blocks for millimeter wireless communications, and C-band circuits and a beamformer for smart antenna system were implemented and tested for preliminary knowledge for realization of system in V-band.


The thermal stability of Candida rugosa (C. rugosa) lipase was investigated and compared in n-hexane, benzene, dibutyl-ether as well as [bmim]PF6 and [omim]PF6 ionic liquids and the effect of solvent polarity and water activity were evaluated. Deactivation of the enzyme followed a series-type kinetic model. First order deactivation rate constants and the ratios of specific activities were determined and the kinetics of deactivation were studied. Among the organic solvents, the best stability was observed in n-hexane with a half-life of 6.5 h at water activity of 0.51. In ionic liquids, however, even longer half lives were obtained, and the enzyme was stable in these solvents at 50°C. The highest half-life times were obtained in [bmim]PF6 (12.3 h) and [omim]PF6 (10.6 h). A direct correlation was found between solvent polarity and thermal stability since the higher the polarity of the solvent, the lower was the stability decrease at 50°C comparing to that at 30°C.


The paper discusses main operating issues found out during overhauling of modern electronically controlled hydraulic actuators for control of steam valves of turbo-pumps and of main and auxiliary marine engines. The impact of mechanical and electrical malfunctions on the engine performance is presented. Control system errors and their influence on of the operational parameters are analysed.


This article explores the commemoration of republican child martyrs Joseph Bara and Joseph-Agricol Viala, in Year II (1793–4), during the French Revolution. It compares the official interpretation of their deaths with the subsequent appropriation of this narrative in wider culture. The article argues that leading revolutionaries—notably Robespierre, Barère and David—utilized the heroic deaths of children specifically for their associations with natural virtue and innocence, setting the tone for a new model of republican morality. It then demonstrates that the state's narrative was widely circulated, yet appropriated and commodified, using popular prints and theatre as case studies. This article thus demonstrates the limits of official control over French Revolutionary culture and traces the fragmented roots of what would become a revived memory cult in the Third Republic.


Among the clinical implications of attachment theory are the ideas of the therapist as a secure base, internalization of a secure base, and feeling understood as an aspect of secure attachment. I also discuss some issues that need to be integrated into attachment theory, namely, survivor guilt and loyalty to early objects, and the relation between attachment pattern and oedipal conflicts. Finally, attachment theory is related to the nature of therapeutic change. Clinical case material is presented in the context of discussing the above issues.


This article presents an auction-based model for Transportation Service Procurement (TSP) in make-to-order systems. It is one of the first to integrate auction-based TSP and inventory. The underlying model is applicable in the general context of coordinating TSP and inventory decisions. Using the well-known Revenue Equivalence Principle, we formulate a dynamic programming problem. When no fixed auction costs occur, we establish the optimality of the state-dependent deliver-down-to allocation policy, which is essentially a state-dependent base-stock-type (S(x)-like policy). We characterize the property of the optimal state-dependent deliver-down-to level. When fixed auction costs apply, we establish the optimality of the state-dependent (s(x), S(x))-like policy. We show that the optimal allocation can be achieved by running a Vickrey–Clarke–Groves auction or a first-price auction with closed-form reserve prices. A symmetric equilibrium bidding strategy for each carrier can be easily computed. Our model is also extended to the case where each carrier has multi-unit supply. By mild technical modifications, all of the results derived in the infinite-horizon case can be extended to the finite-horizon case. Some key features of the finite-horizon case are discussed.


In patients presenting with a chief complaint of dysphagia, physician assistants should consider anomalous vascularity as a possible cause of esophageal obstruction.


The E.M.F. of the galvanic cell with zirconia solid electrolytes was measured to determine the activities of zinc at 800-900 K over the entire composition range of liquid Zn-Cd alloys, and some thermodynamic functions were derived from the results. The cell used was as follows: (-) W|Zn, Zno|Zro 2 (+Y 2 O 3 )|Zn-Cd(l), ZnO|W (+). The activities of zinc in the alloys at 800 and 900 K show moderately positive deviations from Raoult's law over the whole composition range. They are compared with the literature data. The results were used to calculate the concentration fluctuations in long wavelength limit in the liquid alloys.


1 Angiotensin II (AII) stimulates active Na+ extrusion from Na+ loaded renal cortex slices. 2 Specific high affinity [125I]‐AII binding sites in partially purified basolateral and brush‐border epithelial membranes exhibit a KD of 0.88 nM and Bmax of 321.13 fmol mg−1 protein. 3 Separation and purification of brush‐border membranes yielded high affinity [125I]‐AII binding sites with KD of 1.02 nM and Bmax of 56.6 fmol mg−1 protein. 4 Angiotensin II receptors of the same affinity are present on renal cortex brush‐border and basolateral membranes but a greater proportion are located on the latter. These receptors may be involved in the direct control of Na+ and water transport by AII.


The injection head is a field operating equipment used for wellhead operations.Motor drives the chain drive mechanism,clamping device carries the tubing into the well for underground work.The cut angle of the injected head directly affects the collision extent between folder block and tubing,the injection head cut angle is generated by the difference of sprocket pitch circle diameter,sprocket center distance,and position of the clamping device.The relationship formula of cut angle is deduced,the effect of changes in the above three factors on the cut angle is analyzed,optimized analysis of the cut angle is carried out by Matlab software for improving the structural design and reducing costs.


The aim of this research was to study the effect of heat stress on behaviour and physiological parameters with eighteen goats of almost similar in age, sex and weight into three groups. The consideration of this experiment was taken on Post weaning Osmanabadi kids i.e after 3 months of age. Three groups were divided basing on the duration of grazing on pasture land to make distinguish on the measures of getting outside temperature and humidity. They are categorized as (T1) zero hours, (T2) two hours and (T3) four hours heat exposure. Skin and rectal temperature had no significant differences among the treatment groups but respiration and pulse rate were increased with the increased of heat stress from T1 to T2 group (P<0.05). Lying time (P<0.05) varied significantly in experimental groups. There were significant changes (P<0.05) in number of urination and defecation per hour but no significant changes was found in duration per urination in heat treated groups. It can be concluded that heat stress had significant changes on some physiological parameters and behaviour of goat.


*Correspondence to: Vinay Kumar Gupta Senior lecturer Department of Prosthodontics Vananchal Dental College & Hospital. Garhwa. Jharkhand. ABSTRACT Introduction: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of five different denture cleansers (distilled water, hydrogen peroxide, dettol disinfectant, Fittydent, Lifebuoy hand wash) on weight, surface roughness and surface texture of three types of acrylic resin denture base(Lucitone199, Travelon HI, Lucitone FRS). Material and Methods: 150 specimens were fabricated using metal discs of standard dimension of 10mm (diameter) x 2mm (thickness). 50 samples using Lucitone 199 and Travelon HI were made using conventional compression molding technique and 50 samples were fabricated by using Lucitone FRS using injection molding technique. Measurements were taken for weight and roughness using Digital Weighing Machine and Surface Roughness Tester before and after 15 days of immersion in cleansing solutions. Statistical analysis was carried out using Student's Unpaired-T test and ANNOVA Test with p-value <0.05 considered as significant value. Results: Immersion in Dettol disinfectant caused more alteration in surface properties and weight loss, which is found statistically significant. The least effect was seen in samples immersed in fittydent denture cleanser other than control group, which was statistically significant. All the materials used in this study showed same amount of alternation in surface properties and weight loss, statistically significant differences were not observed when we compared all the three materials. Conclusion: As the least roughness was seen in samples immersed in fittydent denture cleanser other than control group, which was statistically significant. Therefore, fittydent denture cleanser should be recommended as a routine denture maintenance method for the prevention of the development of microbial biofilminduced denture stomatitis.


A vehicle tracking system using image processing is being developed which tracks vehicles in video images monitored through a video camera fixed on the road and detects traffic flow and accidents. One of the problems in realizing this system is the difficulty in extracting vehicles accurately using image subtraction between the background image and the input image, when there can be vehicle shadows and illuminated areas. To solve this problem, a method has been developed for separation between vehicle areas and other areas, including vehicle shadows and illuminated areas, using the discrete cosine transform (DCT). This paper describes the method of extracting vehicles using DCT, and the method of tracking vehicles by template-matching using extracted vehicle areas. For the covering abstract, see IRRD 490001.


We have investigated the carrier tunneling process in a quantum-dot (QD) tunnel injection structure, which employs a GaAs1−xNx quantum well (QW) as a carrier injector. The influence of the barrier thickness between the GaAs1−xNx well and InAs dot layer has been studied by temperature-dependent photoluminescence. Although the 2.5 nm barrier sample exhibits the best tunneling efficiency, a 3.0 nm thickness for the barrier is optimum to retain good optical properties. The carrier capture time from the GaAs1−xNx QW to QD ground states has been evaluated by time-resolved photoluminescence. The result indicates that efficient carrier tunneling occurs at temperatures above 150 K due to the temperature dependent nature of phonon-assisted processes.


Concerning the economic evaluation of transport constructions, there are problems with appraisal and parametrization of benefits and costs, especially for the complex constructions or modified areas in the city center. Some of the current methods are difficult to apply appropriately to city constructions or technical constructions. The article is focused on finding alternative ways to evaluate selected constructions. The methods are often connected to multi-criteria analysis, which leads to the assessment of parameters and methods of determining the weight of them for the evaluation.


This study investigates the driving forces of economic growth in BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) countries. Therefore, explanatory variables including foreign direct investment, investment in information and technology, inflation rate, economic size and domestic credit provided to private sectors are utilized. In addition, unit root tests and the error correction model are employed on a data collected from 2000 till 2014. Results indicate that variables are stationary and integrated at the first order. On the other hand, foreign direct investment found to have a positive and significant effect on economic growth in the long-run. In contrary, investment in information and technology, inflation rate and economic size exhibited a negative and significant effect on economic growth. The short-run results show that the economic size variable has a negative and significant effect on economic growth, while the rest of the other variables found to be insignificant. The findings are consistent with previous literatures suggesting that BRICS policymakers must encourage foreign direct investments and eliminate any obstacles in order to achieve a high and sustainable economic growth.


At the modern development stage of post-industrial society in the world economy the processes of globalization and specialization of national markets significantly enhance the competition among countries, among regions and among individual producers inside a country. Against this background the governmental authorities of the Russian Federation, while preserving the country's global leadership in the energy sector, recognize the competitive economy and high-tech solutions as the long-term development strategy of the country. Following this line of policy, in the period between 2012 and 2014, Russian regions implemented cluster policy based on the federal and regional innovative development strategies. Among pilot cluster projects financed by the federal budget is the territorial cluster "Pharmaceutics, Medical Equipment and Information Technologies" formed in Tomsk Region that has unique starting opportunities for the formation of a stable innovative regional system, i.e., it has a developed scientific and educational complex as well as small and medium-size innovation enterprises with their state-of-the-art technological solutions in pharmaceutics and medical equipment. The two years of the Cluster's activity, with financial support from governmental authorities, were acknowledged as successful. In the long term plans it is intended to expand both the range of pharmaceutical products and cooperation with other Tomsk clusters. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n3s5p99


This study explored the impacts of ZnO, Ag, Fe nanoparticles on biological phosphorus removal. Experimental results showed that the phosphorus removal ability of phosphorus accumulating organism (PAO) was completely inhibited when ZnO nanoparticle concentration was 2 mgl-1. Only 7% removal ability remained when Ag nanoparticle concentration was 10 mgl-1. The phosphorus removal ability of PAO was initially inhibited at 100 mgl-1 concentration of Fe nanoparticle Statistical analysis showed that the three kinds of nanoparticles significantly affected the PAO's metabolisms, including phosphorus uptake, PHA synthesis/degradation, and glycogen degradation/synthesis. The influence of nanoparticles was greater at aerobic phase than at anaerobic phase. The order of the inhibition degree of nanoparticles for PAO was ZnO>Ag>Fe3O4. This study also found that the influence of nanoparticles on PAO's metabolisms mainly resulted from the release of ionic metals and the formation of reactive oxidation species (ROS). The concentration of ionic metals and ROS increased with increasing nanoparticle concentration.


This study aims to measure the Level of Costumer Satisfaction "Markobar" in Manado City viewed from aspects of product, price, place, promotion, and service. This research was conducted in May to July 2017. Using primary and secondary data with sampling technique sampling accidental and respondents as much as 30 people wuth measuring instrument used is Likert scale. Research result showed that consumer satisfaction level of "Markobar" in Manado City is 87,79 % with very satisfield intrepretation.


An Oral Herstory of Lesbianism is an experimental theater art work collaboratively created by thirteen lesbians and performed for thirteen nights at the Woman's Building in Los Angeles in May, 1979. Each of the stories in the play is based on the true experiences of the women who created them, ranging in subject from pre-lesbian experiences to our creative visions. They share in common the belief that claiming our herstory is a step towards creating our future. The project was inspired and supported by my work with Arlene Raven in the Lesbian Art Project (LAP). Women who worked on the play signed contracts to affirm a strong commitment to the work. Each woman committed to attend all work sessions, participate in workshop exercises, fulfill outside assignments, and meet financial and copyright agreements. The thirteen women who wrote, performed, and directed the play also invested $100 each in the production. We began the project with a series of ten workshops which were designed to teach performance skills and techniques, create group trust and bonding, and explore issues of lesbianism by examining our own experiences, out of which we would generate material for the play. The wide range of opinions and experience shared in this supportive envir;-~ ??


The bilinear s to z transformation is shown to be extremely useful for sensitivity analysis, dynamic range evaluation, and optimization of discrete-time filters. It is shown that, using the bilinear s-z transformation, the problems of design, sensitivity analysis, and scaling for the optimal dynamic range can be done in the s domain itself. >


A method of manufacturing a non-volatile memory element in the present invention comprises a first step for forming an adhesion layer on an interlayer insulating film so that an electrical connection is established with a lower electrode, a second step for forming a recording layer containing a phase change material on the adhesion layer, a third step for forming an upper electrode that is electrically connected to the recording layer, and a fourth step for diffusing in the recording layer some of the adhesion layer positioned between at least the lower electrode and the recording layer.


In academic literature, the 'Internet of Things' (IoT) is said to be the next wave of IT-driven competition (Porter & Heppelmann, 2014). Especially for Philips as a health focused organization the application of IoT has to be seriously considered. However, like many other organizations Philips is facing the question of how to translate the application of IoT technology into a valuable business proposition. The objective of this graduation assignment is the development of a PSS pattern that shows how Philips can create 'user value' and 'business value' through the application of IoT technology. The PSS creates 'user value' by offering support for the daily activities of their kids. These values have been identified and validated in the research phase of this project. The direct 'business value' for Philips can be generated through a multisided business model, which is based on B2C and B2B business propositions. Philips internally, the gathered user data is valuable for the development of future products. The health and IoT focus of the PSS contributes to the brand image of Philips.


This paper aims to find out the impact of seven important factors towards behavior intention on various health-care applications in India. The spectacular rise of uses of smart phones in India has introduced various mobile applications in the market. The mobile applications have become very useful and popular amongst the urban consumers due to several reasons such as reducing time, effort, money, etc. Health-care applications which are used in various smart phones are still in an infancy stage in India. Health-care applications have several advantages and facilities and consumers receive few alerts or suggestions for free. Though the health-care applications have various benefits for everyone, still people are less aware of the services they provide. Fewer studies have been done on this particular subject, and people may find the apps interesting if they understand the benefits of these applications.,This study aims to find out the impact of seven factors towards behavior intention on various health-care applications in India. The 331 samples have been chosen with the help of a structured questionnaire. The researcher has used stratified random sampling to collect the data for conducting the study, and the samples have been collected from four metro cities of India, namely, Kolkata, Mumbai, Delhi and Chennai. Exploratory factor analysis and multiple regression analysis have been conducted to find out the most influencing factor towards intention with SPSS v 21.,The result reveals that out of seven factors, perceived usefulness, enjoyment and time are the most influencing and significant factors towards utilization expectation. The other four variables, namely, cost, increased dependability, perceived ease of use and increased protection do not have a significant impact on the dependent variable. The paper has also revealed that marketers need to penetrate the market with some innovative marketing strategies. The findings of the study is providing the hint for implementing the strategies.,The study is unique in the context of a country like India where no such studies on this subject have been conducted before.


The NICHD (National Institute of Child Health and Human Development) supports research related to nutrition and human development. Nutrition science had by the mid-1930s revealed almost all of the essential nutrients and the approximate amount of each necessary to prevent poor nutrition which in turn led to the assembly of data necessary for the recommendation of daily dietary allowances of essential nutrients. Advancing knowledge in nutrition has eliminated deficiencies resulting in pellagra beri-beri scurvy; on the other hand some of the leading causes of death in the U.S. heart disease cancer stroke diabetes are thought to be related to diet. Nutritional research today focuses on individual requirements recognizing a variety of internal and external factors affecting dietary requirements; such factors may be the genetic and ethnic background sex factors presence of disease or type of occupation. Another challenge for nutritional scientists is to define the nutritional elements of some chronic killing and crippling diseases. There is a need for a broader definition of the science of nutrition one which will take into account not only the role of food in the growth and maintainance of the organism and in the prevention and therapy of disease and disability but also the nature of the foods as related to biologic cultural and psychologic characteristics. Current research in nutrition focuses on protein and caloric requirements during pregnancy on infant feeding especially as related to breast feeding on nutritional needs of infants and children who require parenteral nutrition on the effects of dietary deficiency on the impairment of the immune system on inborn errors of metabolism and on the prevention of digestive diseases that begin in the early stages of life. An exapanded program sponsored by NICHD will complement the geography and population genetics. It will focus on the nutritional needs of ethnic and cultural groups and on the cause of obesity as a dietary.


Abstract Dahlia is an important ornamental crop and widely used as a garden plant in beds and mixed borders as well as a cut flower in bouquets and flower arrangements. Understanding the factors that support sustainable flower production is essential for dahlia growers to increase their profits. Two key variables that define leaf development during the vegetative phase of a crop are the rate of appearance of leaves on the main stem and the final number of leaves. The objective in this study was to determine the phyllochron and the final leaf pair number (FLPN) in cut dahlias cultivars grown in different locations. Three on farm experiments varying from two to eight cut dahlia cultivars were conducted during two years (2021/2022) in six locations in Rio Grande do Sul State, Southern Brazil. The number of unfolded leaf pairs (NLP - an unfolded leaf was assumed when the foliolates edges were not touching anymore) on each plant was counted once or twice a week, depending on the farm, until the last leaf pair was unfolded. The NLP was linearly regressed against TT (thermal time °C day-1) and the phyllochron (oC day leaf pair-1) was calculated as the slope of the linear regression. The results indicated that the phyllochron of dahlia cultivars varied between 45.7 to 95.6 °C pair of leaves-1 and 8 to 14 of final number of pair of leaves in the first experiment, 27.2 to 97.4 °C pair of leaves-1 and 6 to 15 of final leaf pair number in the second experiment and 46.8 at 106.4 °C leaf pair-1 and 6 to 13 the final leaf pair number in the third. Thus, there was no significant difference between the sites in the phyllochron and NFP variables.


This paper is a study of the relationship between wh-movement and inflectional morphology in adults and children, focusing on what I will call wh-disagreement effects, and their relation to so-called root infinitives in early child language. These phenomena raise some interesting questions about language learning and language learnability which I think have been overlooked in previous literature on the topic. What I mean by wh-disagreement is the kind of agreement alternation shown in (1), taken from Breton and Berber. Subject agreement is marked in declarative clauses (1a), but when the subject is extracted (1b-c), subject agreement disappears from the verb, sometimes taking other inflectional features (e.g. tense) with it (cf. 1c). In this paper I use the term 'agreement' to refer to concord of person, number, gender or any combination thereof. This alternation between extraction and non-extraction environments is also known as anti-agreement in the literature (cf. Ouhalla 1993), and has been reported for a sizeable number of genetically unrelated languages.1


Simulation training in sonography has been shown be an effective method of teaching and assessing user competency in image acquisition/interpretation and performance of procedures. Gallbladder simulation models that are currently commercially available are entire torso section phantoms, are generally expensive to obtain, and require maintenance. We have developed a sonographic gallbladder simulation model constructed using readily available and inexpensive materials. Models were created of normal gallbladder anatomy as well as various gallbladder pathologies such as cholelithiasis, biliary sludge, and thickening of the gallbladder wall. This model can be used to train users both to obtain and interpret sonographic images of the gallbladder.


Background— Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) inhibits proliferation of ovarian follicles, resulting in anovulation and a decrease in circulating estrogen; the latter action is potentially disadvantageous to cardiovascular health. We therefore investigated the vascular effects of long-term contraceptive DMPA in young women. Methods and Results— Endothelium-dependent (hyperemia-induced flow-mediated dilatation [FMD]) and -independent (glyceryl trinitrate [GTN]) changes in brachial artery area were measured using cardiovascular magnetic resonance in 13 amenorrheic DMPA users (>1 year use; mean age 29±4 years) and in 10 controls (mean age 30±4 years, P=0.25) with regular menstrual cycles after validation of the technique. FMD and GTN responses were measured just before repeat MPA injection and 48 hours later (n=12) in DMPA users and during menstruation and midcycle (n=9) in controls. Serum-estradiol levels (S-estradiol) were measured at both visits. FMD was reduced in DMPA users compared with controls...


This paper presents an Agent-based LOcation Model (ABLOoM). ABLOoM simulates the location decisions of two main types of agents, namely households and firms. The model contains multiple interactions that are crucial in understanding land use changes, such as interactions of agents with other agents, of agents with their environment and of agents with emerged patterns. In order to understand the mechanisms that are at the basis of land use changes and the formation of land use patterns, ABLOoM allows us to study human behaviour at the microlevel in a spatial context. The models, which include economic theory, aspects of complexity theory and decision rules, show that it is possible to generate macrolevel land use patterns from microlevel spatial decision rules.


The paper provides a comprehensive picture of knowledge and contraceptive use among Scheduled Tribes of India and selected central hilly states, where tribal population contributes more than 30% of the total population of the country. An attempt is also made to know how far scheduled tribes differ from non-tribes in these states namely Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh using information collected in the third round of District Level Household Survey (DLHS-RCH III: 200708). Bivariate analysis is used to understand level knowledge, use and unmet need for contraception among different tribal and non-tribal groups. Binary Logistics regression is used to understand the factors associated with contraception use among tribal women. Knowledge of temporary contraceptive method is considerably lower among tribal women as compared to their non-tribal counterparts. The result shows that contraceptive use among tribal women is lower than the non-tribal women in these states. The unmet need for family planning among them is quite high especially in the state of Jharkhand. Multivariate analysis substantiates the role of women and husband's education, age of women and number of boys surviving in use of any modern method of contraception. Strengthening free supply of modern contraceptives and educating women as well as their husband may solve the problem of high unmet need for family planning among these tribal women.


The first in a series of open lectures for staff and students, local schools and teachers, and professionals in practice who are interested in hearing more about criminological perspectives of society and people. This contribution lists the most significant challenges and changes faced by criminology in the last decade. There are various dimensions to the process of change within which criminology can be located.


The administration of justice in Colombia has always raised concerns about the control of the acts of the authorities to proscribe and limit the abuse of power, as a consequence of structural, functional and organizational problems, despite attempts at profound reforms to the judicial system A certain degree of opinion persists in society that reflects dissatisfaction about the functioning that negatively affects the confidence of the Colombian people. This article is developed with a historical research method, which shows the legislative journey around studying and analyzing the scope of crime that, from legal persons, intervenes to the detriment of the land restitution process in Colombia.


15545 Background: Inhibitors of the VEGF pathway have been shown to have activity in neuroendocrine tumors (NET). Oxaliplatin- based chemotherapy also shows limited activity in this disease. We performed a prospective, phase II study to assess the safety and efficacy of mFOLFOX-6 plus bevacizumab (BV) in patients (pts) with advanced, progressive NET. Methods: Pts with carcinoid tumors (CARC), pancreatic NET (PNET), or platinum-refractory poorly differentiated (anaplastic, small- or large-cell) NET (PDNET) were enrolled using a Simon 2- stage design (3 groups). Eligibility criteria included clinical or radiologic evidence of progression, no prior anti-VEGF therapy, and no varices secondary to splenic vein thrombosis. Treatment consisted of mFOLFOX-6 plus BV (5 mg/kg IV) every 14 days (1 cycle = 2 weeks). Pts were followed for toxicity and response. Results: 13 pts with progressive NET have been enrolled: M/F=9/4; median age=60 (range 43–73); ECOG PS 0/1= 7/6; CARC/PNET/PDNET= 6/6/1. Pts on octreotide remai...


Let me begin by reviewing some things that may have been discussed earlier, and that is the concept of human rights, which I think, in some ways, has broadened since the Universal Declaration of Human Rights right after World War II. That focused not only on the political rights but also on economic rights. Let me just try to emphasize that I do think that economic rights are very important, one cannot meaningfully exercise political rights if one is starving. Since then there been elaboration and nuancing of the notion of these rights, particularly, for instance, South Africa in its constitution has reflected, adopted a number of notions of economic rights and trying to define more precisely what they mean is not easy, but I think it is an important step forward. The other area where it has been obviously broadened is environmental rights: rights to clean air, you might say rights to survive. Global warming has shown that those rights are at risk. Countries like the Maldives, you might say that the basic human rights of their citizens have been put in jeopardy by the pollution coming from the advanced industrial countries. The life expectancy of their country is 75 years or less and I met with the Prime Ministers and heads of government of many of the South Pacific island states and they too have a very limited life expectancy because of the rising sea level. There are other elaborations or extensions of basic political rights, for instance the citizens' right to know what their government is doing has become a very important human right both directly and as part of the mechanism by which we insure that governments behave in ways that correspond to the wellbeing of their citizens.


Laws passed in Georgia authorize voluntary sterilization if the patient is 21 or married with spouses consent and written consent is obtained from the patient and a consulting physician. Sterilization of mental incompetents is permitted in special cases which need legal counsel. Forms are included for single individuals married patients and their spouses married whose spouse cannot be found the physician and the consultant.


Liver abscess requires prompt therapy but frequently accompanies or mimics other causes of inflammation in the right upper quadrant, and identification may be obscured by associated medical conditions. Ninety-two patients with liver abscesses due to pyogenic (n = 20) or amebic (n = 72) infections were treated at the Harbor-UCLA Medical Center. Admitting diagnoses were acute biliary tract disease in 25 patients, hepatic abscess in 21, hepatitis in 16, appendicitis in 9, and other diseases in 21. Forty patients had major associated medical illnesses. Correct diagnosis of liver abscess was made by a noninvasive radiologic test in 82 patients, laparotomy in 8 and autopsy in 2. Ultrasound-guided percutaneous aspiration was used as an adjunct to management in 17 patients. Diagnosis of liver abscess was confirmed within 24 h of admission in more than half of the patients. Clinical suspicion and an orderly application of radiologic tests provide the key to early diagnosis and therapy. Ultrasonography has an accuracy above 90% and is the screening test of choice, particularly when calculous biliary tract disease figures in the differential diagnosis. The hepatic phase of the HIDA scan may reveal an unsuspected abscess when acute cholecystitis is considered. Computed tomography and liver-spleen scan are useful in selected patients with chronic disease. This strategy will insure speedy diagnosis and minimize cost and length of hospitalization.


Background: Rupture of an ectopic pregnancy remains the most dreaded complication of a pregnancy related event and is the commonest cause of maternal mortality in the first trimester of pregnancy. In the developing countries, the maternal death rate among patients admitted with ectopic pregnancy was found to be as high as one in ten. In addition to high risk for mortality, rupture of an ectopic pregnancy could affect future fertility of a woman. The objectives of this study are to analyse the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and find out the incidence rate and risk factors associated with ruptured ectopic pregnancies in a tertiary care institution. Methods: This is a retrospective study and was conducted over a period of one year from September 2015 to September 2016 in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Institute of Medical Sciences, BHU, Varanasi, India. It is a tertiary care centre getting referrals not only from nearby cities and hospitals but also from major cities of neighbour states. During this time frame a total of 2601 deliveries have taken place and 57 cases of ruptured ectopic pregnancies were reported. Data were collected in a preconceived format. Results: Total numbers of vaginal deliveries were 2601 during the study period. Out of which 63 (2.42%) were found to be ectopic pregnancies and 57 (1.99%) were diagnosed as ruptured ectopic pregnancies. Maximum number of patients (70.17%) were between 21 and 30 years of age. As far as parity is concerned only 12.29 % of patients were primigravida where as 70.71% patients were multigravida. Previous history of pelvic inflammatory disease was associated among maximum number of cases i.e 50.87% of total number of cases. Among other risk factors, previous abortions, previous ectopic pregnancies and history of infertility treatment were the prime ones. Maximum number of patients were from lower and lower middle class socioeconomic status. Ampullary type of Tubal ectopic pregnancies were found to be the commonest ones. Two cornual pregnancies and two ovarian pregnancies were also found in this series. In 85.97 % of patients the amount of hemoperitoneum was found to be more than 500 ml. Conclusions: There is high incidence rate of ectopic pregnancy and low rate of diagnosis before rupture occurs in developing nations as in our scenario. Pelvic inflammatory disease, Maternal education, socioeconomic status, parity and history of subfertilty are the risk factors associated with ruptured ectopic pregnancy. Effective efforts should be taken to encourage the level of education and improve the rate of diagnosis among health care providers before the occurrence of rupture.


This study aimed to use optical components to modify and convert a compound microscope into a functional fluorescence microscope as an alternative identification procedure for microplastics in water samples. The results of this study showed that Nile Red dye was most effective in emitting fluorescence in colorless or clear plastics. Plastics that were colored showed weaker fluorescence. Rit Fabric Dye was also analyzed for fluorescence while bound to microplastics, but no fluorescence was found with this method.


This study was carried out during two successive seasons of 2019 and 2020. To evaluate the effect of some nutrients spray on yield and fruit quality of Sewy date palm cultivar grown under El-Kharga Oasis , New Valley conditions. The experiment was set up in a complete randomized block design with ten treatments, using five replicates, bunch each. The data revealed that: Mega phosphor, omega potas and omega cal-mag spray significantly increased the fruit retention and bunch weight compared to the untreated ones. Omega potas application was more effective compared with omega cal-mag or mega phosphor. Spraying either mega phosphor, omega potas or omega cal-mag at any studied concentration was accompanied by improving fruit quality in terms of a significant increase in fruit weight, total soluble solids, sugars contents, NPK and beta carotene and significantly decreased in total acidity tannins and phenols compared to control. The best results were obtained when using 4 cm3/L of omega potas or 4 cm3/L of omega cal-mag or 4cm3/L of mega phosphor, respectively. Also, no significant differences were found between spraying the two concentrations (2 cm3 or 4 cm3 of mega phosphor, omega potas and omega cal-mag. Therefore, from the results of the study, it could be concluded that must be sprayed the date bunches with 2 cm3/L of omega potas or 2 cm3/L of omega cal-mag to obtain a high yield with good properties, hence, high value marketing.


THERE have been many papers published on the application of fluorescence microscopy to exfoliative cytology using the fluorochrome acridine orange, especially in the field of cancer detection. Acridine orange is a basic fluorochrome dye having a special affinity for the 2 nucleic acids desoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). Schuemmelfeder in 1950 stated that cancer cells accumulate acridine orange in high concentration in the cytoplasm, presumably by combining with RNA. Following a study on exfoliated material from the female genital tract (Frampton, 1963) it was thought logical to apply the acridine orange dye to suitable tissue sections taken from the uterine cervix and endometrium. First, it was thought of interest to see if tissue sections obtained from cases with normal epithelium, cervicitis, basal cell hyperplasia, atypical hyperplasia, carcinoma in situ and invasive carcinoma differed on a colour intensity basis when stained by acridine orange and viewed with ultraviolet light. For instance, if the cells from a piece of tissue exhibiting atypical hyperplasia contained less RNA in their cytoplasm than actual cancer cells, then the fluorescence obtained following acridine orange staining should be less intense and a less brilliant colour would result. The same argument would be expected to apply to the nuclear portion of the cells. Secondly, the changing pattern of the endometrium during the menstrual cycle could be studied by fluorescence microscopy and data could be collected on the relative amounts of DNA and RNA present in the endometrial cells at different stages of the menstrual cycle.


We present the use of Extended Modified Lambert–Beer model for optical monitoring of mean blood oxygen saturation (SmO2) via a fitting procedure. This work focuses on the absorption characteristics of hemoglobin derivatives in the wavelength range of 520–600 nm to give the best estimates of SmO2. The study of the feasibility of applying this analytic method to skin oximetry is via spectroscopy data collected from fingertips of four healthy volunteers both at rest and during arterial blood occlusion condition. The results revealed a decrease in the mean of mean and standard deviation of SmO2 value of fingertips from 94.5 ± 2.19% when volunteers were at rest to 56.76 ± 5.8% during the arterial blood occlusion measurement. The larger variation in the value estimated for blood occlusion condition could be a result of differences in volunteers' physical fitness and hypertension status. These estimated SmO2 values agreed reasonably well with the value reported in most of the previous studies. This work conclude...


Lately the interest in "support for pedestrians" has significantly grown. The i-mode cellular phone of NTT DoCoMo has also become of general interest. When a user gets map information by using the iappli-incompatible i-mode cellular phone, the map information generally is represented as GIF image data. The image data, however, is disadvantageous in respect to cost because users are charged according to the volume of data transmitted. So the authors developed an algorithm that generates a text symbol map, whose data volume is much smaller than that of an image map. Moreover they have developed the i-mode cellular phone-based pedestrian navigation system employing the text symbol map with enough information to guide users in spite of small data volume, and have confirmed the effectiveness of both.


An approach to implement a heat flux limit (HFL) in a plasma model is proposed. The HFL arises if the mean free path length of the heat carrying electrons, λh, significantly exceeds the characteristic length of the temperature variation, LT. For [Formula: see text], the heat flux becomes nearly independent of the temperature gradient, in contrast to the case of [Formula: see text] where it is gradient dependent. As a result, by going from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text], the order of the heat balance equation changes and the method proposed allows a reliable integration of this equation in these limits, as well as for [Formula: see text]. By solving a set of one-dimensional fluid equations for particle, momentum, and heat balance numerically, the importance of the HFL for fusion relevant conditions is demonstrated for plasma parameter profiles at the edge of the heliotron Large Helical Device and detachment conditions in helium plasmas of the linear device NAGDIS-II.


In order to prevent the tube with low speed water in the open air from freezing in north China, a method by using thermal insulation electrical heating technology is proposed. Some basic principles of thermodynamics are adopted to study the dynamic character of the water temperature that is under the control of the on-off adjuster. Based on the analyses, specific optimum programs aiming to meet the requirements of different practical conditions were obtained. Results show that this protection method is reliable and the optimum thermal insulation layer thickness is related to the electric price, heating power of electric cable and the price of thermal insulation material.


There are a great number of outcomes for activism that are examined in the literature, but we know relatively little about how this behavior influences perceptions of the phenomena being challenged. It is possible that when one challenges some phenomenon, one begins to 'see' it more. Alternatively, activism might focus awareness on only certain manifestations of the problem of interest. The type of activism should matter here. We anticipate that only forms of resistance that increase exposure to oppression/oppressors and/or other challengers are likely to increase the number of discriminatory actions identified. Especially important here is nonviolent direct action because of the significant amount of training and interaction among activists that is facilitated by such activities as well as the extensive amount of exposure that nonviolence generally subjects participants to. Utilizing a unique database of 98,316 untouchables (or Dalits) from 1,589 rural villages in Gujarat, India, we find support for our argument. Specifically, Dalits who engaged in nonviolent action which increased either exposure to oppression/oppressors or exposure to other activists but not both, identified a higher number of discriminatory events. In short, some activism does activate some awareness. This has implications for dissident commitment, radicalization, and post-conflict political processes.


A method for optimizing a solid state drive is described. The method involves determining whether a free space fragment on the SSD is smaller than the threshold fragment size. If the free space fragment on the SSD is smaller than the threshold fragment size, eliminating the free space fragment. If the free space fragment on the SSD is not smaller than the threshold fragment size, retaining the free space fragment for storing data. Elimination of the free space fragments smaller than the threshold fragment size results in a fewer number of free space fragments being used when writing to the SSD, allowing for improved SSD performance.


Iconographie van Hugo Grotius. By Dr. E. A. Van Beresteyn. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1929. pp. vi, 135. Gld. 6. This work is another important by-product of the tercentenary in 1925 of the publication of the De Jure Belli ac Pacts of Grotius. In that year, the Royal Academy of Sciences of the Netherlands created a commission to prepare an iconography of Grotius and Dr. Van Beresteyn was put in active charge of the work. The volume now appearing is a signal contribution to Grotiana, the result of prolonged search for and careful study of all known portraits, including prints, for which claims have been made that they are likenesses of the Father of International Law. Of these, sixteen may be said to be authentic, although in some instances the originals have disappeared and copies, either in oil or as prints, have been preserved. The best known is the Mierevelt portrait of 1631, of which there are several replicas and copies. The present volume reproduces the more important portraits by photogravure process; the less important, including reproductions of prints, by photo-engraving. Each portrait, authentic, doubtful, or clearly spurious (more than two hundred in all), is carefully described and indications are given of its provenience and present location. Of the sixteen apparently authentic portraits, the earliest is that of Grotius at the age of four and onehalf years and the latest shows him in his sixtieth year. In many respects that having the greatest charm is the portrait of Ravesteyn of 1613, a replica of which is in the Library of the University of Leyden. The quaint portrait of 1587, here reproduced, is the only one which depicts Grotius at play. In the next, that of 1599, Grotius has discarded toys for the cherished portrait-medal of Henry IV. Were this J o u r n a l of another character, the picture of Grotius with his toys might be made the occasion for an excursus upon the vexed question of the Dutch origin of the Royal and Scottish game, for Grotius is here depicted with a Kolf in his hand! Dr. Van Beresteyn has given us a gallery in which we may follow, at least in part, the injunction of Grotius's friend Heinsius: Talem oculis, talem ore tulit se maximus Hugo. Instar crede hominis, cetera crede Dei. One criticism might be made as to the book's make-up. It could be used more easily had the description of each portrait cited the reproduction in this volume by the proper plate number. The error made in the description of the Mierevelt of 1632 (p. 37) illustrates the difficulty. J. S. R e e v e s .


Saparua is a district in Central Maluku Regency which has 8 units of huhate (pole and line) fishing fleet and can be operated throughout the season. This condition shows that this business should be able to provide benefits, both for the owners and fishermen. However, the utilizing of skipjack resources that have exceeded the MSY value and also the substantial operational costs cause income to decline. Therefore this study aims to analyze the financial feasibility of the pole and line fisheries business in Saparua District. A survey for 5 pole and line business units in Saparua was conducted to obtain data, which were then analyzed by using several investment criteria such as NPV (Net Present Value), IRR (Internal Rate of Return), and B / C (Benefit Cost Ratio). The results show that: 1). The implementation of business management is still simple, but the tasks division among fishermen is clear. The decision is generally made by the owner. The frequency of fishing depends on the fishing season. During the west season, the fishing ground is in Banda Sea to the southern part of Seram Sea, while in the eastern season is in the northern part of Seram Sea; 2). Based on the pattern of revenue sharing, the average fishermen's income / month is lower than the minimum wage provincial (UMP) in Maluku; and 3). The highest economic benefit is achieved by the 4th pole and line unit, as well as the B / C Ratio criteria index so that it becomes a development priority because B / C Ratio shows the comparison of sacrifice (output) and results (input).


The Compact LInear Collider, under study, is based on room temperature high gradient structures. The vacuum specificities of these cavities are low conductance, large surface areas and a non-baked system. The main issue is to reach UHV conditions (typically 10 -7 Pa) in a system where the residual vacuum is driven by water outgassing. A finite element model based on an analogy thermal/vacuum has been built to estimate the vacuum profile in an accelerating structure. Vacuum tests are carried out in a dedicated set-up, the vacuum performances of different configurations are presented and compared with the predictions.


In this paper the modal control approach is employed to improve the transient response of a power system, by shifting the dominant eigenvalues of the uncontrolled system farther towards the left in the complex plane. Both complete as well as incomplete state variable feedback are considered. A sector criterion is used for the new locations of the eigenvalues. Comparison of the results obtained by modal control approach with the frequently used approach using optimal linear state regulator formulation is made.


"Traditional Chinese Medicine" (TCM; Zhong Yi) is a concept that keeps evolving with the change of times and clinical practice. From the aspect of the category of modern science, there were not appropriate boundaries set for the literature, history and philosophy in the realm of Chinese traditional academics. Thanks to the eastward spread of Western culture and science, the category of disciplines in modern times then came into being. In order to be listed in the system of modern disciplines, traditional disciplines have always been trying to redefine themselves, and "TCM," of course, is involved. Considering the fact that "TCM" is now an academic discipline in the field of medicine, here we reviewed not only the transition of the concept of "TCM" from a primitive and then a hierarchical medical term to a relatively full-fledged one that is, to some extent, opposite to the concept of Western Medicine or modern medicine, from a narrow medical term that is peculiar to Han Medicine to a broad one that pertains to Han Medicine along with ethnic traditional medicines in China, but also the transition of the development from merely highlighting TCM and then equally emphasizing TCM together with modern medicine to comprehensively converging TCM, modern medicine and Integrative Medicine, which contributes to the evolution from the dominance of TCM, the coexistence of TCM and modern medicine, the confluence of TCM and modern medicine, and finally to the integration of TCM and modern medicine. In addition, we introduced pioneering medical concepts, epistemology and methodology such as Chinese Traditional Medicine (CTM; Da Zhong Yi), Trichotomy (San Fen Fa), Five Key Elements (Wu Yao Su) and Three-dimensional Integration (San Rong He), proposed the potential future direction of medicine, stressed the importance of taking the essence and discarding the dregs in TCM, and appreciated those who are able to perceive similarities in differences. We looked forward to reconstructing the system of TCM by the integration of the part that is unconsciously ahead of modern medicine and that has already reached consensus with modern medicine from all the traditional medicines in China, which would promise a brand new system of medicine harmoniously integrating traditional medicine and modern medicine.


Marital satisfaction is an important aspect to study because it is a global evaluation of the state of one's marriage and a reflection of marital happiness and functioning. This study aimed to ascertain the differences in marital satisfaction based on demographic variables. Subjects for this study were 423 married couples. The instrument used was ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Scale to measure marital satisfaction. The data were analyzed by inferential statistics using t-test and One-way Analysis of Variance. Results indicated significant differences in marital satisfaction based on the length of marriage and income. This study suggests that marriage counseling, with an emphasis on promoting awareness in marital happiness and satisfaction, would be helpful in addressing marital problems in married couples.


Adopting statistical and literature method,This paper keeps statistics of the reading of the electronic resources in university library,analyses the reasons that restrict the use of electronic resources and proposes some suggestions and countermeasures on how to popularize and promote the use of electronic resources.


See related article, page 1615–1620

Obesity is a widespread problem, particularly in the cardiovascular disease and stroke population. The combination of hypertriglyceridemia, glucose intolerance, and inflammation is linked with increased production of the primary inhibitor of endogenous thrombolysis, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, leading to deficient thrombolysis in overweight patients. Enhanced fibrin crosslinking has been shown to be, at least partially, responsible for delayed clot lysis among obsesses. Moreover, body mass index was directly associated with fibrinogen, Factor VII, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) antigen, von Willebrand factor, and viscosity. In contrast, body mass index itself had no impact on in-hospital mortality in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary interventions for acute myocardial infarction. Obese patients with acute myocardial infarction have a lower risk for in-hospital, 6-month, and 12-month mortality and cardiovascular events than patients with a normal body mass index.1 This "obesity paradox" may be explained by the fact that obese patients were younger at presentation.

tPA dose for stroke (0.9 mg/kg alteplase, maximum 90 mg) was chosen based on small dose-escalation studies. This body weight-based dose has …


We perform general relativistic simulations of magnetized, accreting disks onto spinning binary black holes (BHBHs) with different mass ratios (MRs). The magnitude of the individual BH spins are all $\chi= 0.26$ and lie either along the initial orbital plane or $45^\circ$ above it. We evolve these systems throughout the inspiral, merger and postmerger phases to identify the impact of the BH spins and the MR on any jet and their electromagnetic (EM) signatures. We find that incipient jets are launched from both BHs regardless of the MR and along the spin directions as long as the force-free parameter $B^2/(8\,\pi\rho_0)$ in the funnel and above their poles is larger than one. At large distances the two jets merge into a single one what may prevent the EM detection of individual jets. As the accretion rate reaches a quasistationary state during predecoupling, we observe a sudden amplification of the outgoing Poynting luminosity that depends on the MR. Following merger, the sudden change in the direction of the spin of the BH remnant with respect to the spins of its progenitors causes a reorientation of the jet, which drives a single, high-velocity, outward narrow beam collimated by a tightly wound, helical Bfield which, in turn, boosts the Poynting luminosity. This effect is nearly MR independent. During this process, a kink is produced in the Bfield lines, confining the jet. The kink propagates along the jet but rapidly decays, leaving no memory of the spin-shift. Our results suggest that the merger of misaligned, low-spinning, BHBH mergers in low-mass disks may not provide a viable scenario to explain X-shaped radio galaxies if other features are not taken into account. However, the sudden changes in the outgoing luminosity at merger may help to identify mergers of BHs in active galactic nuclei, shedding light on BH growth mechanisms and the observed co-evolution of their host galaxies.


In reality, the origin of a human person is the result of an act of giving. The one conceived must be the fruit of his parents' love. He cannot be desired or conceived as the product of an intervention of medical or biological techniques; that would be equivalent to reducing him to an object of scientific technology. No one may subject the coming of a child into the world to conditions of technical efficiency which are to be evaluated according to standards of control and dominion.'


The behaviour of isotope tracers in diffusion processes was investigated. In systems of organic binary solutions gradients of chemical concentration were present. Using the capillary method the tracer and the mutual diffusion coefficients were determined. It was found that the tracer diffusion coefficient is equal to the mutual one if the tracer moves in the same directions as the unlabelled part of component and the ratio of both parts of component is time independent. When both conditions are not justified the tracer diffusion is due to the simultaneously mutual and self-diffusion processes.


Real-time detection of Rydberg excitation dynamics of cold Sep 30, 2021 · We report on the real-time detection of internal-state dynamics of cold Rubidium atoms being excited from the ground state to the $30D_{5/2}$ Rydberg state via two-photon excitation in a ladder-type system. The atoms are first trapped and then released from a magneto-optic trap (MOT) positioned inside the mode of a low-finesse cavity. Then, Rydberg excitation is performed by a ...


Dilution experiments were performed to examine the growth rate and grazing mortality rate of size-fractionated phytoplankton at three typical stations, inside and outside the bay, in the spring and summer of 2003 in the Jiaozhou Bay, China. In spring, the phytoplankton community structure was similar among the three stations, and was mainly composed of nanophytoplankton, such as, Skeletonema costatum and Cylindrotheca closterium. The structure became significantly different for the three stations in summer, when the dominant species at Stas A, B and C were Chaetoceros curvisetus, Pseudo-nitzschia delicatissima, C. affinis, C. debilis, Coscinodiscus oculus-iridis and Paralia sulcata respectively. Tintinnopsis beroidea and T. tsingtaoensis were the dominant species in spring, whereas the microzooplankton was apparently dominated by Strombidium sp. in summer. Pico- and nanophytoplankton had a relatively greater growth rate than microzooplankton both in spring and summer. The growth rate and grazing mortality rate were 0.18~0.44 and 0.12~1.47 d-1 for the total phytoplankton and 0.20~0.55 and 0.21~0.37 d-1 for nanophytoplankton in spring respectively. In summer,the growth rate and grazing mortality rate were 0.38~0.71 and 0.27~0.60 d-1 for the total phytoplankton and 0.11~1.18 and 0.41~0.72d-1 for nano- and microphytoplankton respectively. The carbon flux consumed by microzooplankton per day was 7.68~39.81 mg/m3 in spring and 12.03~138.22 mg/m3 in summer respectively. Microzooplankton ingested 17.56%~92.19% of the phytoplankton standing stocks and 31.77%~467.88% of the potential primary productivity in spring; in contrast, they ingested 34.60%~83.04% of the phytoplankton standing stocks and 71.28%~98.80% of the potential primary productivity in summer. Pico- and nanophytoplankton appeared to have relatively greater rates of growth and grazing mortality than microphytoplankton during the experimental period. The grazing rate of microzooplankton in summer was a little bit greater than that in


DELAMOTHE PHOTOGRAPHS McCLEMENTS COLLECTION (PROSERPINE COLLECTION) - Record Holding - The Dalton Guide to Sources in North Queensland - NAME is a biographical, bibliographical and archival database of SUBJECT with links to related articles and images. ADD MORE DESCRIPTION AS REQUIRED


Manifold learning techniques have significantly enhanced the comprehension of massive data by exploring the geometric properties of the data manifold in low-dimensional subspaces. However, existing research on manifold learning primarily focuses on understanding the intricate data, overlooking the explosive growth of the scale and complexity of deep neural networks (DNNs), which presents a significant challenge for model optimization. In this work, we propose to explore the intrinsic low-dimensional manifold of network parameters for efficient model optimization. Specifically, we analyze parameter distributions in a deep model and perform sampling to map them onto a low-dimensional parameter manifold using the local tangent space alignment (LTSA). Since our focus is on studying parameter manifolds to guide model optimization, we therefore select dynamic optimal training trajectories for sampling and approximate tangent spaces to obtain low-dimensional representations of DNNs. By applying manifold learning techniques and employing a two-step alternate optimization method, we achieve a fixed subspace that reduces training time and resource costs for commonly used deep networks. The trained low-dimensional network can be mapped back to the original parameter space for further use. We demonstrate the benefits of learning low-dimensional parameterization of DNNs on both noisy label learning and federated learning tasks. Extensive experimental results on various benchmarks show the effectiveness of our method concerning both superior accuracy and reduced resource consumption.


Summary This palaeomagnetic study of Siluro-Devonian lavas on the Lorne Plateau, Scotland, yields a pole position 2" S, 141" E (d$ = 5", dX = 8") after magnetic cleaning of specimens from 15 sites where tectonic dip can be estimated. This conclusion is supported by a fold test at these sites, stability against AF demagnetization, the observation of similar remanence characteristics at sites where tectonic dip is not known, a contact test of variation of NRM between a Tertiary dyke and adjacent baked and unbaked lava, and mineralogical and rock magnetic considerations. All these lavas had the same polarity which, together with radiometric age determinations, suggests that this sequence is at least as old as the Crawton Group in the lower part of the ' Lower Old Red Sandstone ' age volcanic sequence in the Midland Valley of Scotland. Their direction of magnetization is concordant with published results from other proven SiluroDevonian rocks in Great Britain.


Let M be a quadratic lattice with positive definite quadratic form over the ring of rational integers, M' a submodule of finite index, S a finite set of primes containing all prime divisors of 2[M: M'] and such that Mp is unimodular for p ∉ S. In [2] we showed that there is a constant c such that for every lattice N with positive definite quadratic form and every collection (fp)p∊s of isometries fp: NP → MP there is an isometry f: N → M satisfying f ≡ fp mod M′p for every p |[M: M], f(Np ) is private in Mp for every p ∉ S, provided the minimum of N ≥ c and rank M ≥ 3 rank N + 3.


Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to propose a double exponentially weighted moving average control chart using repetitive sampling (RS-DEWMA) for a normally distributed process variable to improve the efficiency of detecting small process mean shift.

Design/methodology/approach

The algorithm for the implementation of the proposed chart is developed and the formulae for the in-control and out-of-control average run lengths (ARLs) are derived. Tables of ARLs are presented for various process mean shift. The performance of the proposed chart is investigated in terms of the average run-length for small process mean shift and compared with the existing DEWMA control chart. Numerical examples are given as illustration of the design and implementation of the proposed chart.

Findings

The proposed control chart is more efficient than the existing DEWMA control chart in the detection of small process mean shifts as it consistently gives smaller ARL values and quickly detects the process shift. However, the performance of the proposed chart relatively deteriorates for large smoothing constants.

Practical implications

The application of repetitive sampling in the control chart literature is gaining wide acceptability. The design and implementation of the RS-DEWMA control chart offers a new approach in the detection of small process mean shift by process control personnel.

Originality/value

This paper fills a gap in the literature by examining the performance of the repetitive sampling DEWMA control chart. The use of repetitive sampling technique in the control chart is discussed in the literature, however, its use based on the DEWMA statistic has not been considered in this context.


Recent soil characterisation studies carried out in association with the Central Queensland Sustainable Farming Systems Project have revealed significant natural subsoil salinity and sodicity in many of the soils used for dry-land farming in the region. Although these two problems were common, they were relatively unrecognised by the farming community and agricultural service providers. Education in understanding the soil, its processes and limitations is the key to improvements in crop productivity related to salinity and sodicity. Even if these limitations cannot be rectified economically, it is important that they are recognised so that farming systems can be managed to minimise their impact.