Synchronization problem of an energy resource chaos system is investigated. An active sliding mode controller design scheme is proposed via active control theory and sliding mode control theory. The closed loop error dynamic system depends on the parameters of the controller, therefore, the error system achieves asymptotical stability by adjusting these parameters, which means that synchronization of the energy resource chaotic system can be gained. Numerical simulation results are performed to illustrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed control method.


The Ka-band 100W radiation-cooled space TWT has been developed in Nanjing Sanle Group Co. LTD, which has the bandwidth 2GHz, the output power more than 103W, the overall-efficiency more than 63% and the weight less than 950g. It's dimension is 344mm*135mm*135mm. The TWT has passed the space qualification and reliability tests, and its reliability has been proved by test results. The development process of the radiation-cooled space TWT are introduced briefly in this paper.


Introduction: Syncope is a common complaint in the emergency department, accounting for 1%–3% of all visits and hospital admissions. Most causes are often benign and self-limited allowing safe discharge. However, others, particularly those resulting from cardiac syncope, are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. An electrocardiogram (ECG) is essential in addition to clinical history and physical examination for risk stratification. It is useful for identifying patients with inherited syndromes that predispose them to cardiac arrhythmias.Case Report: We report a case of a young man who presented with syncope to the emergency department. He was asymptomatic on arrival, but subsequently developed seizures secondary to ventricular fibrillation that required defibrillation. His initial ECG revealed characteristics of type 1 Brugada syndrome. The patient was fitted with an internal cardiac defibrillator and was discharged. We discuss the presentation, pathophysiology, and management of patients with Brugada syndrome.Conclusion: In patients presenting with syncope, ECG is essential for risk stratification and identifying patients with possible inherited syndromes. A high index of suspicion is necessary for diagnosing


The exploitation of the deep heavy oil is difficult, mainly due to the oil buried deep and large crude oil viscosity. At present,there are two exploitation ways for the middle and deep heavy oil reservoir, namely thermal recovery and cold production. This article describes the application of chemical viscosity reduction technology in the deep heavy oil mining. Chemical viscosity reduction techniques include emulsion viscosity reduction technology and oil-soluble viscosity reduction technology, the viscosity reduction formulation system of oil samples is selected and mixed through experimental method, and the both two technologies are widely used in the wellbore viscosity reduction and well stimulation aspects. In addition, the self-heating chemical viscosity reduction technology provides more choices for the cold production of deep heavy oil. This paper describes the principles of chemical viscosity reduction technology, the type and experimental evaluation of viscosity reduction, field application effect, and evaluates the adaptability of a variety of chemical viscosity reduction technologies.


The emancipation of women volunteering in biodiversity conservation for tourism in local communities cannot be overemphasized, particularly in developing countries. This chapter explores the views of Alexandra Township women participating in biodiversity conservation for tourism. A case study design was used. Purposive selection technique was employed to sample 10 women. The semi-structured interview was used to collect data. Findings indicated that members of the environmental organization lack substantive environmental conservation knowledge which resulted in poor biodiversity conservation for tourism. Several challenges emerged such as lack of support from the government, lack of tourist attractions, poor infrastructure, inadequate human resources, and poor profits. This study suggests the empowerment of women in local environmental organizations through in-service training in biodiversity conservation.


I couldn't possibly give you something broken, split down the side and splintered inside. I could show you—have it halved so that you could see that my heart really is nothing substantial, merely a few cavities and the pooling of blood. There is hardly anything exciting about it, not the thrill of a Valentine's day card, nor the flush of a lover's countenance. I could only show you a fistful of fluid, the funny arch of my aorta.


The dynamic performance of automatic generation control (AGC) primarily relies upon the performance index criteria (PIC) being used to optimize the supplementary controller gains. Most of the previous AGC studies were focused on developing various intelligent controllers and meta-heuristic algorithms to improve the system dynamic performance of the AGC system. However, no significant efforts were made to formulate effective PICs in order to acquire better supplementary control and improved AGC dynamic performance. In this paper, a maiden attempt has been made and new hybrid-peak-area-based PICs have been proposed for the optimal tuning of supplementary controller gains. The proposed PICs have been implemented upon single area as well as standard New England IEEE 39 bus system. Sensitivity analysis has also been carried out to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed PICs for wide changes in AGC power system model parameters. The proposed PICs demonstrate better dynamic performance in comparison to existing PICs in terms of overshoot, subsequent oscillations, and settling time.


A novel mechanism of superradiance (SR) in the process of stimulated backscattering of powerful pump wave by intense electron bunch has been studied. Using a relativistic 38 GHz BWO as a pump wave source, the short SR pulses of scattered radiation were observed experimentally. Due to the Doppler up-shift, spectrum of scattered pulse included the frequencies up to 150 GHz. After modifications the same experimental set-up will be used for observation of effect of amplification of subnanosecond SR pulse propagating along nanoseconds electron beam. According to PIC-code simulations under experimental conditions output pulse peak power can exceed the power of driving electron beam.


Airway smooth muscle cells (ASMC) are a source of inflammatory chemokines that may propagate airway inflammatory responses. We investigated the production of the CXC chemokine growth-related oncoge...


Individual, firm and the government are three behavior subjects under the socialist market system. Rational assumptions are taken to mean that they coincide with each other in a static state and conflict with one another in a dynamic state. In terms of a positive analysis, the coincidence and conflict can be abstracted as a balance between microeconomics and macroeconomics. In terms of normative analysis, they can be seen as a balance between efficiency and equality. The change of system provides a stable development of the systematic environment for a balanced development of microeconomic and macroeconomic and a harmonious development of both efficiency and equality.


In recent years, assessing action quality from videos has attracted growing attention in computer vision community and human-computer interaction. Most existing approaches usually tackle this problem by directly migrating the model from action recognition tasks, which ignores the intrinsic differences within the feature map such as foreground and background information. To address this issue, we propose a Tube Self-Attention Network (TSA-Net) for action quality assessment (AQA). Specifically, we introduce a single object tracker into AQA and propose the Tube Self-Attention Module (TSA), which can efficiently generate rich spatio-temporal contextual information by adopting sparse feature interactions. The TSA module is embedded in existing video networks to form TSA-Net. Overall, our TSA-Net is with the following merits: 1) High computational efficiency, 2) High flexibility, and 3) The state-of-the-art performance. Extensive experiments are conducted on popular action quality assessment datasets including AQA-7 and MTL-AQA. Besides, a dataset named Fall Recognition in Figure Skating (FR-FS) is proposed to explore the basic action assessment in the figure skating scene. Our TSA-Net achieves the Spearman's Rank Correlation of 0.8476 and 0.9393 on AQA-7 and MTL-AQA, respectively, which are the new state-of-the-art results. The results on FR-FS also verify the effectiveness of the TSA-Net. The code and FR-FS dataset are publicly available at https://github.com/Shunli-Wang/TSA-Net.


Aim To study a method for determination of zinc oxide in furacilin and zinc oxide liniment.Methods Chelometric titration method was used to determine the content of zinc oxide.Results The average recovery was 99.5%, RSD=0.85%. The contents of samples from six different batches were determined, and all the samples accord with the quality standard. Conclusions It is feasible to use chelometric titration method to determine the content of zinc oxide in furacilin and zinc oxide liniment.The method is rapid, accurate and precise.


This paper focuses on an experimental investigation aimed at evaluating the aerodynamics force characteristics of three-dimensional (3D) insect-like flapping motion in the vicinity of ground. The purpose is to establish whether flapping wing insects can derive aerodynamic benefit from ground effect similar to that experienced by a fixed wing aircraft. To evaluate this, force measurements were conducted in a large water tank using a 3D flapping mechanism capable of executing various insect flapping motions. Here, we focus on three types of flapping motions, namely simple harmonic flapping motion, hawkmoth-like hovering motion and fruitfly-like hovering motion, and two types of wing planforms (i.e. hawkmoth-like wing and fruitfly-like wing). Results show that hawkmoth-like wing executing simple harmonic flapping motion produces average lift to drag ratio similar to that of fruitfly wing executing the same motion. In both cases, they are relatively independent of the wing distance from the ground. On the other hand, a hawkmoth wing executing hawkmoth flapping motion produces characteristic different from that of fruitfly wing executing fruitfly motion. While the value of the former is a function of the wing distance from the ground, the latter is minimally affected by ground effect. Unlike fixed wing aerodynamics, all the flapping wing cases considered here do not show a monotonic increase in with decreasing wing distance from the ground.


By analyzing and considering the ability of offensive and defensive of Chinese basketball men team in competitive in the 30th Olympic Games,by using the method of mathematical statistics and watching TV,the result shows that there is a gap at offensive validity and in the defensive technique index there is not obvious differences,comparing Chinese team with the group B teams.we believe that data reflect is the surface phenomena,and can't reflect the real problems,to explore for everybody.


Cervical spinal deformities with progressive neurological deficit after laminectomy is relatively uncommon. But, it can happen more commonly after resection of intramedullary spinal cord lesions than other spinal lesion. Postlaminectomy cervical spinal deformity is most common in children with an immature skeletal system. Many factors such as the extent of laminectomy and facetectomy, number of laminae removed, location of laminectomy, preoperative loss of lordosis, postoperative radiation therapy, etc. can precipitate such deformities. We report a pediatric patient with who underwent successful complete removal of long segment cervical intramedullary spinal tumor. Postoperatively he developed progressive kyphosis in cervical spine with progressive neurological deficit. We went for second operation (anterior cervical spinal cord decompression by two segments corpectomy followed by iliac crest strut graft fusion and stabilization). Postoperatively patient recovered well. He had loss of cervical spinal lordosis with mild kyphosis before first operation. Such a case report in the literature is relatively uncommon. Here, we also go for short review of literature on this topic.


This report presents a compilation of static sea-level data on existing or designed American and British axial-flow turbojet engines in terms of basic engine parameters such as thrust and air flow. In the data presented, changes in the over-U engine performance with time sre examined as well as the relation of the various engine parameters to each other.


Although the vast majority of antibiotic resistance mutations confer a fitness cost in the absence of antibiotic selective pressure, a study by Baker et al. now challenges this dogma. Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhi strains that have fluoroquinolone resistance mutations in the DNA gyrase gene gyrA, the topoisomerase gene parC or in both genes were competitively grown with an isogenic fluoroquinolonesensitive wild-type strain in the absence of antibiotics. Most of the resistant mutants out-competed the wild-type strain, and interestingly, strains that had two mutations showed higher fitness than single mutants, which suggests that resistance mutations epistatically interact to increase fitness. These findings imply that resistant S. Typhi mutants would persist even after drug withdrawal and that antibiotic exposure is not the only factor that contributes to the maintenance of resistant strains.


Various approaches to the study of di f ferential gene expression are applied t o compare cell lines and tissue samples in a wide range of biological contexts. The com promise between focusing on only the im portant genes in certain cellular processe s and achieving a complete picture is critica l for the selection of strategy. We demonstrat e how global microarray technology can b e used for the exploration of the differentiall y expressed genes extracted through repr e sentational difference analysis (RDA). Th e subtraction of ubiquitous gene fragment s from the two samples was demonstrated u s ing cDNA microarrays including more tha n 3 2000 spotted, PCR-amplified huma n clones. Hybridizations indicated the expre s sion of 9100 of the microarray elements in a macrophage/foam cell atherosclerosis mo d el system, of which many were removed du r ing the RDA process. The stepwise subtra c tion procedure was demonstrated to yiel d an efficient enrichment of gene fragment s overrepresented in either sample (18% i n the representations, 86% after the first su b traction, and 88% after the second subtra c tion), many of which were impossible to d e tect in the starting material. Interestingly , the method allowed for the observation o f the differential expression of several mem bers of the low-abundant nuclear recepto r gene family. We also observed a certai n background level in the difference product s of nondifferenti ally expressed gene fra g ments, warranting a verification strateg y for selected candidate genes. The differe n tial expression of several genes was verifie d by real-time PCR .


We have developed a computer-controlled low-coherence interferometer system with precise translation stages which is useful in practice for simultaneous measurement of the refractive index and the thickness of transparent plates. Both phase and group indices can be determined automatically in a wide thickness range of 20μm to a few mm. The measurement accuracy of <1% is achieved even when the sample is as thin as 20μm. For the sample of a few hundreds μm or more, the measurement time is 3 minutes with the accuracy of ≦0.2%.


1. Lucien Goldmann, The Hidden God, trans. Philip Thody (1955; New York: Humanities Press, 1964). 2. Geörgy Lukács, Soul and Form, trans. Anna Bostock (1910; New York: Columbia University Press, 2010). 3. "It was in that discussion that the movement of existentialism was started" (Erich Fank, "Erich Frank's Work: An Appreciation by Ludwig Edelstein," in Wissen, Wollen, Glauben [Zurich: Artemis Verlag, 1955], 419). 4. Jean Wahl, Vers le Concret. Études d'histoire de la philosophie contemporaine (1932; Paris: Vrin, 2004). 5. Thomas R. Flynn, Sartre and Marxist Existentialism: The Problem of Collective Responsibility (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1984). 6. Jean-Paul Sartre, Existentialism Is a Humanism, trans. Carol Macomber (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2007), 33. 7. Pierre Hadot, Philosophy as a Way of Life, trans. Michael Chase (Oxford: Blackwell, 1995); and Michel Foucault, The Courage of Truth: Government of Self and Others II, trans. Graham Burchell (Houndmilles, England: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011).


www.theannals.com CASE DESCRIPTION: A 68-year-old white woman presented with redness, pain, and itching of her right proximal thigh. The patient explained she was awakened the previous night subsequent to feeling a bite. The next morning, a spider was discovered on the wall adjacent to her bed. The spider was captured and brought to the clinic for identification (Figure 1). On examination, a nodule (2 cm) with pustules (0.5 mm × 3 mm) surrounded by erythema (6 cm × 4 cm) and two areas of ecchymosis located anterior and posterior to the inflamed area (each 5 mm × 3 mm) were noted (Figure 2). The patient did not have any systemic manifestations such as xerostomia, nausea, dizziness, headache, weakness, visual changes, or lethargy. She received cephalexin 500 mg three times daily for seven days for cellulitis, which was most probably secondary to a non-envenomating bite from the captured spider. The lesions resolved without sequelae. With the distinguishing herringbone marking on its abdomen, the spider was identified by a university entomologist as Tegenaria agrestis, a member of the Agelenidae family, the funnel-web spiders. This arachnid is more commonly called the hobo or aggressive house spider. This species is considered to be aggressive because of reports of biting with minor provocation. Most bites are from males and occur during July to September as they infest lowerlevel dwellings seeking mates. In areas of heavy infestations, glue traps are often used to decrease spider populations (Figure 3). The envenomations associated with these spiders resemble those of the Loxosceles reclusa (brown


1 To determine reasons for the continuing mortality in patients taking a paracetamol overdose, the presentation, drug ingestion history, patient background, use of antidote (N-acetylcysteine and methionine), clinical course and outcome were determined in 247 patients treated at King's College Hospital in 1982 and 1983. Patients (147) were referred from other centres because of severe liver damage and 100 were local patients seen in the accident and emergency department. 2 Survival in the local patients was 100% and, for those with severe liver damage, 49 and 63% (1982 and 1983 values). Delay in initial presentation to hospital was a major factor in determination of an adverse outcome, with a median delay of 30 h in the referred patients and 8 h in the local cases. Such a delay precluded administration of antidote to the majority of patients in the referred group, but in 11 cases where antidote could have been given a full course was not provided and all 11 patients died. Included among these were four patients in whom the serum paracetamol concentration was in the 'non-toxic' range. 3 One patient with a chronic alcohol-drinking history (> 200 g/day) received N-acetylcysteine at 12 h but died from liver failure. However, in the complete series prior alcohol consumption was not associated with a significantly worse prognosis and simultaneous ingestion of alcohol with paracetamol had no effect on outcome. 4 The concomitant ingestion of dextropropoxyphene caused an early and marked impairment of consciousness unrelated to any hepatotoxicity but, in three cases where dextropropoxyphene combinations were used, death occurred subsequently from liver failure.


and its neighbors that the book's title urges us to consider. Here too, moreover, the lack of a guiding framework is keenly felt. Most noteworthy is the tension between Ilan Pappe's indictment of Israel for seeking to impose a solution that fits its 'transactional' perception of the conflict and Khalil Shikaki's groundbreaking empirical work on how Palestinian refugees view potential solutions to the refugee problem. Pappe argues that the core issues at heart of the conflict between Israelis and Palestinians-"responsibility, guilt and justice" (p. 233)-are dichotomous variables that cannot be finessed or divided. Shikaki, on the other hand, shows that only a small percentage of the Palestinian refugees are likely to return to the state of Israel and become Israeli citizens in the context of an eventual agreement. In other words, the empirical reality, even in the context of one of the thorniest questions, turns out to be quite amenable to precisely the bargaining and "quantification" that Pappe excoriates. Professor Ma'oz's work often bridged such gaps between empirical data, theory, and policy. The fact that such a synthesis is ultimately missing from this volume is a side effect of the impossible choice between honoring the breadth of his contribution and pursuing the depth of his influence in any one arena. Nadav Shelef University of Wisconsin


Topical issues in the structure and the function of biological auditory systems are briefly reviewed. Techniques newly applied to structural issues of peripheral and central nervous systems are described. Novel approaches to the functional issues of fusion, localization, and recognition of acoustic patterns are presented by example.


Summary When compared to the definition of computer literacy and the tasks identified to accomplish it, computer courses offered in schools of social work generally omit content related to the use of programming languages. The content, problems, and opportunities of a course for social work students using a programming language approach is described. It is argued that a programming language approach is essential if the social work profession is to assume responsibility for the ways in which computers are implemented in social services.


A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Commerce, Administration and Law in fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Masters Of Commerce in Economics in the Department of Economics at the University Of Zululand, 2018


and the legislature. Initially, these changes resulted from a number of crises. 2 More recently, however, changes have been, and are being, instigated by the activities of Parliament itself. In the early 1970s the government's response to domestic terrorism in Quebec focused attention on both the propriety and efficacy of the country's Security Service, which was then under the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP). Subsequent actions by the Security Service to deal with separatist movements in Quebec focused attention on the relationship between the Service and the government, and on the oversight of the intelligence community by Parliament. Following a public inquiry dramatic changes in the way domestic intelligence matters were handled were put in place. In 1984, the Security Service was severed from the RCMP and a new civilian agency the Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS) was formed in its place. This was the first, and so far only, intelligence agency in Canadian history to be established by statute and formally provided with mechanisms independent of the executive for holding it accountable. When a Special Committee of the House of Commons conducted a fiveyear review of the legislation in 1989-90, it found that Parliament's capacity to hold the intelligence community accountable was extremely limited. 3 Furthermore, its recommendations for reform were very largely ignored. Recent public opinion poll data suggest that the Canadian Parliament is facing what some perceptive MP's have recognized as "a crisis of relevancy." 4 In their view, Parliament's legitimacy has been eroded in the eyes of the country's citizens. It has failed to fulfil its original purpose and has not done those things that the Canadian public now expects it to do. For instance, many currently believe that Canadian parliamentarians are more than partly to blame for the country's deficit crisis and the current malaise. They have to all intents and purposes failed to monitor the federal government's expenditures. Similarly, they have been unable to provide any real check on the ever growing federal bureaucracy. In addition, institutionalized partisanship has placed constraints on the freedom of MP's to pursue important issues and has led to sterile debates in the House of Commons on key issues that have been ineffective at best.


Pakistan's transgender community is the most ostracised and beleaguered community in the country. Shunned for being gender less, they are restricted to begging, prostitution and dancing, to earn their livelihood. Reduced to the level of sub-humans, the transgender community are devoid of any rights or even identity.


The authors demonstrate direct electron-beam writing on conjugated polymers as patterning route to realize plastic optoelectronic devices. Lithography was carried out by a 20kV electron beam dose in the range of 0–360μC∕cm2, with no need for masking or development/etching processes. The features could be employed for the fabrication of polymer distributed feedback lasers, exhibiting optically pumped lasing in the range of 607–620nm, with a spectral linewidth around 1nm and a threshold excitation fluence of 34μJ∕cm2.


This paper explores one critical aspect in building high quality recommender systems: the construction of quality models of influential user's recommendations. In this paper, we describe a system for explicitly eliciting user models based upon critical reviews of movies. We also describe how a user can create a set of simple metadata which captures the essence of their reading of a critical review. We describe how this is built into a user model, which represents the reviewer's preferences for movies and movieattributes. Importantly, the process we describe provides a scrutable user model. Our approach enables the user to 'scrutinize' the user model to see explanations which link back to the relevant parts of the movie reviews.


A. P. STOUT (1935) had been able to findonly 194 cases of neurilemmoma from all sites outside the cranium and spinal canal, reported in the literature prior to 1935. From his own experience he was able to add a further 52 tumours, and suggested that the tumour was not as rare as might be supposed from the relatively small number of cases previously reported. Theoretically a neurilemmoma can arise from any portion of the nerve sheath and yet the tumour has a far greater frequency in certain anatomical sites. The pharyngeal region is usually quoted as one of the rarest sites for neurilemmomas. New and Childrey (1951) were unable to find a single case of primary neurilemmoma of the pharynx in their series of 63 benign tumours of pharynx and tonsil collected from the Mayo Clinic in the period 1917-1930. Koop et al. (1947) found 6 cases in the literature and added a further 5 from their own experience. Of these not more than 5 were retrotonsillar (Figi), (Ehrlich), (Lingeman) and possibly 2 of the Koop's cases. This case is therefore of interest because of the occurrence of the tumour in an unusual site.


Organizations must make good use of information system tools such as business intelligence (BI) systems to quickly acquire desirable information from huge volume of data to reduce the time and increase the efficiency of decision-making procedure. Despite the huge operational and managerial advantages of BI systems, many companies face problems in the completely utilization of these tools, therefore, to reduce risk of failure in utilization and also to measure the amount of realized benefits of BI tool defining and choosing the most proper performance measurement criteria and technique is an important issue. In this paper a practical framework based on appropriate criteria and Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process technique is presented to performance evaluation of BI Systems. Result shows that a " Fitness" criterion is the most important criteria in the performance evaluation of BI System.


William Zumeta is professor of public affairs and higher education at the University of Washington where he directs the Ph.D. program in Public Policy and Management and is co-director of the interdisciplinary Collaborative Researchers for Education Sciences Training (CREST) program, sponsored by the U.S. Department of Education. He is also a senior fellow at the National Center for Public Policy and Higher Education and a fellow of the TIAA-CREF Institute. He was president of the Association for the Study of Higher Education in 2009–10 and now serves on the ASHE board as Immediate Past President. Zumeta researches and writes about higher education and public policy including finance and budgeting, accountability, labor market linkages, and interactions with the private sector. Numerous state and federal agencies, private foundations, and national associations have supported his work.


This study proposes a new integrated analytical-field design method for multi-disc magnetorheological (MR) clutches. This method includes two stages, an analytical stage (composed of 36 algebraic formulas) and a field stage based on the finite element method (FEM). The design procedure is presented systematically, step-by-step, and the results of the consecutive steps of the design calculations are depicted graphically against the background of the entire considered clutch. The essential advantage of the integrated method with this two-stage structure is the relatively high accuracy of the first analytical stage of the design procedure and the rapid convergence of the second field stage employing the FEM. The essence of the new method is the introduction of a yoke factor kY (the concept of which is based on the theory of induction machines) that determines the ratio of the total magnetomotive force required to magnetise the entire magnetic circuit of the clutch to the magnetomotive force required to magnetise the movement region. The final value the yoke factor kY is determined using loop calculations. The simplicity of the developed design method predisposes its use in optimisation calculations. The proposed method can also be adapted to other MR devices analysed in shear mode.


Using a very recent result of Calderon and Salter, we relate small type Artin groups defined by Coxeter diagram which are trees to mapping class groups. This gives information on both the Artin groups with respect to commensurability and hyperbolicity of the parabolic subgroup graph as well as information on the mapping class group and its associated geometric spaces, namely generating sets of finite index subgroups and fundamental groups of strata of abelian differentials. I'll try to highlight the many ways in which this reflects various aspects of Mladen's work.


A new pathway for the generation of polymer-based microfluidic devices with tailor-made surface chemistry is described. A simple photochemical process is used to covalently bind polymer molecules to the surfaces of microchannels fabricated by hot embossing. The substrates for the embossing process have the format of a compact disk (CD). CDs from polymethylmethacrylate and polyethylene-co-norbornene were chosen due to their good optical properties. Thin films of polymers containing photoactive benzophenone units were deposited onto the surface of the thus generated devices. These films were subsequently irradiated with UV light leading to the surface-attachment of ultrathin polymer networks. In contrast to their unmodified peers, the obtained, modified microfluidic channels coated with hydrophilic, photoattached layers can be filled in a straightforward manner with water by capillary forces. Channels coated by thin films of poly(ethyloxazoline) show complete resistance to non-specific protein binding. Generation of hydrophobic patches inside the modified microfluidic channels using benzophenone-containing fluoropolymers allowsthegenerationofpassive microfluidic valves to direct fluid motion in these CD-based devices.


Background: Acute heart failure (AHF) after acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is the biggest complication with a poor prognosis in a long term. The infl uence of MMP-9 as proteolytic enzyme that degrades extracellular matrix in remodeling left ventricle was recognized. However, according to researcher's knowledge, evaluation of the MMP-9 as a predictor of AHF after ACS was never reported. Objective: To fi nd out the serum level of MMP-9 in ACS with AHF higher than that without it, as well as to fi nd out the level of MMP-9 with risk of AHF after ACS. Method: The study used a cross-sectional study. Samples were collected by using a consecutive sampling technique among patients with ACS treated in ICCU of Public Hospital Dr Sardjito Yogyakarta, since June 2008 to August 2010. Questionnaires were used to collect sample raw data. The level of MMP-9 was examined a time at admission in ICCU before trombolysis was done. The heart failure had Killip II- IV scores. Factors infl uencing the incidence was analyzed by using multivariate analysis technique. A signifi cance level was at p< 0.05. The relative risk of acute heart failure at a certain level of MMP-9 (from cut-off value) was obtained after it was adjusted. Result: Among 122 subjects, 75 was without AHF and 47 with AHF. Median of the level of MMP-9 in the whole sample of ACS was 1248.55 ng/mL with a minimum of 170.50 ng/mL and maximum of 3058.40 ng/mL. Moreover, the level of MMP-9 in ACS with AHF (1700.81±740.43 ng/mL) was signifi cantly higher than ACS without AHF (1189.55±654.60 ng/mL) with p value = 0.000. Independent risk factor after the multivariate analysis was done indicates the level of MMP-9 above 1444 ng/mL (RR= 4.2) and the location of anterior infarction (RR= 2.9). Conclusion: In patients with ACS treated in ICCU of RSUP Dr Sardjito, the level of MMP-9 with AHF was higher than that without it. If the level of MMP-9 above 1444 ng/mL, the possibility of AHF was 4.2 times. Keywords: acute coronary syndrome, MMP-9, acute heart failure after acute coronary syndrome


The low therapeutic index of TCAs has led this class of agents to be a leading cause of overdose deaths worldwide, and there is no specific antidote


The world is currently experiencing mass developments in information technology, especially during the current pandemic, which requires all of us to learn and even work online. They are triggered much crime in the internet world. One of them is stealing internet user data through a fake website built like the original or called a phishing website. In this research , a classification model is needed to detect phishing websites using the best performance from one of the logistic regression and random forest classification algorithms to overcome the rise of phishing websites in cyberspace. Classification performance can be improved using the correlation-based feature selection (CFS) method to select the most influential attribute in detecting web phishing. Based on the test results, applying the logistic regression and random forest classification algorithm in the classification of web phishing resulted in an accuracy of 93.035% and 96.834%. After feature selection with CFS, the accuracy was 92.718% and 97.015%, respectively. On the Testing, There was an increase in accuracy in RandomForest by 0.181% and an insignificant decrease in logistic regression. The test results prove that feature selection with CFS can eliminate redundant attributes and the resulting classification algorithm accuracy is not much different when the details are complete and Random Forest has accuracy better than after using CSF.


We review the waveform metrology program developed over many years at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. The goal of this program is to provide a measurement service capable of characterizing both temporal and frequency-domain instrumentation used with high-speed communication systems. Under our program, full waveforms as functions of both time and frequency are the target measurands. From these functional waveforms, traditional parametric descriptions can be derived. Furthermore, we give temporal waveforms and their frequency-domain representations consistent and equal consideration, with traceability to the International System of Units. To support this traceability, we emphasize voltage and current waveforms, their relationships, and the ability to transform both nominal values and their uncertainties from one domain to the other.


OBJECTIVE
To analyse the differential proteins of Jurkat cells after treated with the extracts from Prunella vulgaris using two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrum.

METHODS
Jurkat cell growth inhibitive effect of the extracts from Prunella vulgaris was analyzed by MTT assay. The total proteins of the cells were extracted after treated with the extracts in a dose of 20 microg/mL. Then 2D and MALDI-TOF-MS were used to assess the differential proteins.

RESULTS
The extracts from Prunella vulgaris could depress the proliferation of Jurkat cells in a dose-dependent manner. After 2-DE and MALDI-TOF-MS,11 proteins were identified successfully, including glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, coagulation factor VII, Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L, heat shock 70 kDa protein 8 isoform 2, immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1, zinc finger protein 43, chaperonin containing TCP1, subunit 6A (zeta 1), isoform CRA_b, etc.

CONCLUSION
The extracts from Prunella vulgaris could inhibit the growth of Jurkat cells significantly, and lead the proteomics change of Jurkat cells, which may be related to the anti-tumor effect of the extracts from Prunella vulgaris.


NHMRC Project Grants and ARC Discovery Grants are two of the major sources of funding for new ideas in Australian science. Many scientists rely on them for their job or the jobs of their staff. They are highly competitive with only around 1 in 5 applications winning funding. To increase the chances of winning funding, scientists spend a long time writing carefully crafted applications, generally at the sacrifice of their research output. And the pressures on the system and our scientists are only going to get worse.


A low phase-noise and wide tuning-range 30-GHz CMOS LC VCO based on the tail-current-biased cross-coupled nFET structure is designed for Ka-band applications. An RC low-pass filter at the tail FET's gate node boosts the output resistance over a wide range of VDS, as well as suppresses the output noise of the tail FET. It consequently improves the phase noise when combined with an LC tail filter. An inter-stage LC filter at VCO-buffer interface boosts the swing at the buffer input to avoid unwanted phase noise degradation. An optimal placement and routing are designed to compactly embed the proposed LC and RC filters into the entire layout. Realized in 65 nm CMOS, the VCO covers 29.9-34.5 GHz with four sub-bands, while consuming 14.1 mA from 1.2 V. It exhibits the phase noise of -108.7 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset with 31.3 GHz output frequency, resulting in FoM of -187.5 dBc/Hz.


This article deals with the problem of choosing the best possible shipping alternative among a set of transportation modes based on four decision criteria. An Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)-like model was used to solve the problem. The developed model was run on a combination of rail-road-sea transportation, for Turkey. Instead of considering different commodity types, just the textile sector was modeled and studied for simplicity. The proposed model was shown to be very flexible with the considered criteria. Because of time and financial limitations the study area was restricted to Istanbul city. A short poll was conducted to find out the most important decision criterion for shippers. Subsequently, the first four most preferred criteria of the respondents were chosen to be embodied into the model. Finally, the model validity was proven by almost seventy percent accuracy along with the real life choices of the shippers. 1. AIM AND SCOPE In most cases, the shippers determine the mode by which they will have their freight transported, considering their corporate (and probably their personal) priorities. There is no doubt that the economical reasons are dominant in these decisions. However, the presence of other criteria cannot be denied, and therefore they must be confirmed in some way. In this study, a model that enables the shippers to choose the most economic shipping mode, with respect to the criteria derived from the knowledge obtained from shippers, transportation experts, and recent studies, is proposed. The data was collected through surveys. Surveys were carried out with the corporations operating in various sectors, but the analysis concentrated on the "textile" sector. The reason for this was that the textile sector was one of the leading sectors in Turkey's exports. After the model was run, the most suitable mode for shipping was determined with respect to the values of the criteria (shipping distance, time, safety, accessibility of the mode). To control this, the answers of the shippers to the question, "which mode do you use for your shipments?" were compared with the model results.


While most staff accept the need for increased cleanliness, perhaps we should be putting more resources into earlier detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).


As in recent era of computers and internets, mobiles devices, Smartphone's plays a vital role in human day to day life. Also nowadays Smartphone's, tablets are becoming very popular especially android OS based Smartphone's are gaining much more popularity as compared to Apple's iOS. These Smartphone's having various apps and features based on only internet but these new emerging features of these devices give opportunity to new malwares & threats. Android is comparatively new operating system hence its makes very hard to detect and prevent these viruses and malwares attacks by using some traditional mechanisms. So security of these Smartphone's is now becoming very popular issue of researchers. The lack of standard security mechanism in Android applications is very advantages to hackers. So to overcome these various pitfalls we use cloud services as a security weapon for providing decent security system for Android applications.


Viral hepatitis is one of the serious problems of Hepatology in the world. Chronic viral hepatitis known to exhibit a higher susceptibility to transformation into cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. In this review article is examine the issues of predicting the transformation of viral hepatitis B and C into liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.


Because of the apparent success in the use of the three-constant Ellis model to describe a wide variety of experimental data, a summary is given of analytical and numerical solutions for this model. The solutions include isothermal flow between flat plates, in tubes, in films, in annuli (axial, tangential, and radial) and nonisothermal flow in tubes with constant wall temperature and with constant heat flux at the tube wall.


We developed and validated an automated routine for the fitting of I-V curve data to the single diode model according to an exact analytical solution. Our fitting routine was validated to show good noise immunity and high accuracy using simulated values from LTSPICE. We are thus able to automate parameter extraction from a dataset or arbitrary size. This parameterization allows for better simulation of performance of real cells and arrays and provides utility for a host of applications relevant to space arrays. We will use this methodology to determine the array performance of radiated cells over time, and simulate the performance of the arrays with active bypass diodes and power electronics.


ive honorifics or designatory markers such as Majestät, Gnade, Liebde as well as Ihr were in use among the highest ranks of society; for polite address, Ihr was given to, and received by the nobility and the upper middle class (including the artisans) except where honorifics were in use. Du was exchanged by persons of the lowest ranks, but also among intimate friends, even among the highest classes. Furthermore, Du remained the sole means of addressing supernatural beings; but Du was also used to express anger or contempt (cf. Brown and Gilman 1960: 274276 for the "thou of contempt"). During the century the frequent use of Ihr caused it to lose its value for polite address so that it began to give way to a nominal construction with Herr and a third person plural form Sie. The Zurich book of etiquette of 1539 quoted above (p. 30), Trümpy (1963: 158-159) as well as many contemporary documents (cf. Fast 1973) support the validity of Metcalf's findings also for Switzerland. In the following we will, first, compare the actual choices among the nominal and pronominal options as reflected in letters in order to show how each letter writer used the address system in order to locate himself in social space. This comparison will, at the same time, show the emergence of addressorial ethnicity markers among the Täufer. The first example is a letter of Stefan Zeller, Landvogt at Adelfingen to the City of Zurich (dated 28 February 1535). It illustrates the addressorial extremes to which an inferior might resort when writing to his superior. Both, addressor and addressees belong to mainstream authorities. Fromen, vesten, fursichtigen, ersamen, wyßen herrn, sunders günstig, genedig, lieb herren, uver wyßheit sye min underthänig Ghorsam, willig dienst und, was ich eeren und gut vermag, nach schuldigen pflichten allezit bereit zu vor. Gnedigen lieben heren ... Ever wyßheit gib ich hiermit in underthänigkeit zu erkennen, das... (Fast 1973: 77) The above complimentary opening has its formal analog in the equally complimentary closing. Deictically, the use of Du would be inappropriate, because Zeller addresses more than one person. The use of Ihr would be appropriate deictically, but it is avoided throughout the letter, probably because Ihr, when used to address more than one person, is the form which is used to address both, inferiors and close equals as well as distant superiors. Zeller avoids this ambiguity by resorting to what Metcalf calls "abstractions" incorporated into the sentence structure: Euer wyßheit gib ich hiermit... Social propriety dictates, and the inferior's motivation to fulfill the superior's expectation of tokens of positive face-work suggests both the selection of the most deferential options and the accumulation of honorific attributes and titles in the opening of letters to superiors in the (mainstream) power network. At first sight, a letter written by the Täufer leader Felix Mantz to the Council of Zürich written in December 1524 follows the same pattern. We will select only those passages from a modern German version which are relevant for the discussion of locating oneself in social space through choices of address forms. Weise, fürsorgende, gnädige, liebe Herren und Brüder! Eure Weisheit wissen wohl, daß viele ungewöhnliche Gepräche stattgefunden haben ... Da man mich nun (wenn auch ohne Grund) so einschätzt, halte ich es fur notig, Euch, meinen gnädigen, lieben Herrn, Rechenschaft ... zu geben. ... Zum folgenden will ich Eure Weisheit ... gebeten haben: Bitte hört ohne Ansehen der Person...; ermeßt wohl, was da angeführt ist, und laßt Euch die kurze Zeit nicht leid sein! ... Deshalb will ich Eure Weisheit freundlich und auf das allerdringlichste gebeten haben: Bitte nehmt mein Schreiben im besten Sinne auf.... Ich mochte Eure Weisheit auch ermahnt haben, daß Ihr Euch an den Streit über die Götzen erinnert ... Ich möchte Eure Weisheit auch daran erinnert haben, daß ... Deshalb möchte ich aufs fleißigste gebeten haben: bitte besudelt Eure Hände nicht mit unschuldigem Blut und meint, Ihr tut Gott einen Dienst, wenn Ihr einige tötet oder verjagt... Ich möchte Eure Weisheit auch um folgendes gebeten haben. (Fast 1962: 28-35) In the opening address Mantz uses unintegrated designatory markers, but unlike Zeller in the preceding letter, he does not accumulate them to the extreme; the difference is one of degree, not of kind. In a letter to the authorities, the term Brüder seems unusual. Fast (1962: 28) takes the use of this term as an indicator of the fact that at that time Mantz acknowledged the later persecutors of the Täufer still as brethren, although Zwingli and the Täufer had been drifting apart since the October disputation of 1523. Thus the initial address reflects Mantz's dual relationship to his addressees: citizen to magistrates in the power network vs. brother to brethren in the solidarity network. In the body of the letter he uses both, abstractions integrated into the sentence structure ("Eure Weisheit wissen wohl ... Ich möchte Eure Weisheit auch um folgendes gebeten haben") and Ihr, also in oblique cases and implicitly, as in the imperative nehmt. While the former expresses deference owed to superiors, the latter when used to address more than one person is neutral with regard to power and solidarity. In comparison with the Zeller letter (which does not contain any token of Ihr), the alternation between deferential and neutral forms of address indicates that Mantz is thoroughly aware of his dual, and probably ambiguous relationship with the addressees. His address forms locate him in just this double-faced position between the two (emerging) social worlds. The famous letter from Konrad Grebel (and associates) to Thomas Müntzer of September 5, 1524 indicates the general direction in which the Täufer forms of address were to develop in the intra-group network. Dem wahrhaftigen und getrüwen deß evanngelli Tome Müntzer zu Altstett am Hartz, unserem getrüwen und lieben mitbruder in Christo etc. Frid, gnad und barmhertzikeit von Gott unßerem vatter und Jesu Christo unserem herren sy mit unß allen, Amen. Lieber bruder Toman, Iaß dich umb Gotz willen nit wunderen, daß wir dich ansprechend on Titel und wie ein bruder ursachend hinfür mit unß zehandlen durch gschrift, und daß wir ungeforderet und die unbekant habend gedörfen ein gmeinkünftig gsprech ufrichten. (Franz 1968: 437) In a period, in which the address systems was characterized by "a gradual but constant tendency to veer off farther and farther from the familiar form Du: first to the second person plural (in addressing one person), next to the third person singular, finally to the third person plural" (Silverberg 1940: 510), Grebel moves in the opposite direction. He addresses Müntzer without title and with Du, although they had never met before. The comment (on the meta-level) shows that Grebel and associates are aware of the expectations which they violate: laß dich umb gotz willen nit wunderen, daß wir dich ansprechend on Titel und wie ein bruder. Throughout the letter Grebel and associates use consistently tokens of TU (du, dich, din; implicit TU in finite verbforms such as wellist, berichte, lere) in order to address Müntzer. Ihr forms occur only where Grebel et al. address more than one person, i.e. Müntzer and Karlstadt. Throughout the letter there is not one token of deferential Ihr or of any "abstractions". Thus this letter is not only the earliest summarizing statement of doctrinal points of the Swiss Täufer (who reject some of Müntzer's views), but at the same time the letter documents the emergent marking of the emergent brotherhood ethnos through an invariant Du for singular address. How radical this innovative use of the invariant Du for singular address inside the religious brotherhood was becomes clearer by its contrast to the maintenance of the traditional address forms between brothers-in-law. The same Conrad Grebel who on 4 September 1524 addresses Müntzer, his (half-) brother in faith with Du, on 23 November and on 15 December of the same year 1524 addresses his brother-in-law (Vadian) with honorific Ihr and title: Min schwagerlichen grutz zwor. lieber herr doctor, wüssend mir üwer brief.... So ir aber nut vernommen hettind ... will ich üch schriben.... (Muralt/Schmid 1952:28-29) Lieber herr doctor und schwager, daß ir mich gebetten hand, kond ich nit leisten... (Muralt;'schmid 1952: 29) Both letters use ir/üwer, i.e. tokens of VOUS consistently. Thus while religious ties came to be signaled by solidary TU (and significantly absent honorifics), certain family ties continued to be reflected in polite VOUS plus honorifics. Not only in addressed written communication (personal letters, corporate epistles etc.), but also in group-internal face-to-face encounters tokens of pronominal TU appear to have been the rule. The list of greeting-formulae (cf. above) attests to that. Clasen (1965: 87; Jacobs 1899: 484-485, 505) confirms the view that TV forms were the unmarked option of intergroup pronominal address. Outsiders perceived this usage as so marked that it roused their suspicion: Die Stuttgarter Regierung wurde schon argwöhnisch, als man ihr meldete, daß die Täufer einander duzten und Schwester und Brüder nannten. (Clasen 1965: 111) This quote shows that the nominal equivalent of pronominal Du in the Täufer intra-group network was bruder/schwester. An abundance of documentary evidence from, for example, Sebastian Franck's Chronica (die Täufer hießen einander Brüder), Wappler (1913: 396, 399, cf. below), Nicoladoni (1893: 224), Jacobs (1899: 4$4-485, 504-505) gives credence to Clasen's generalization: "Die Täufer selbst redeten sich nach ihrer Bekehrung nur noch als Brüder und Schwestem an" (1965: 84). This standard form of address appears to be optionally followed by the qualifier "im Herrn", as in the opening and concluding addresses which frame the "Schleitheim Confession": brüder und schwestern, Lieben brüder und schwester


will be evaluated which may include alternatives outside of the corridor selected in the Tier 1 ROD. All alternatives evaluated will connect Section 5 of I–69 in Martinsville with I– 465 in Indianapolis. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The FHWA, in cooperation with the Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT), began in 2004 to prepare a Tier 2 EIS on a proposal to build Section 6 of the Evansville-to-Indianapolis I–69 highway. Section 6 is located in Morgan, Johnson and Marion Counties, Indiana. The NOI for these activities was published in the Federal Register on April 29, 2004. The proposed action described in that NOI involved the construction of an interstate highway generally following State Route (SR) 37 from SR 39 south of Martinsville and proceeding north for approximately 25.9 miles to Interstate 465 in Indianapolis. I–69 (formerly known as Corridor 18) is a strategic, high priority highway serving the east-central United States. I– 69 is planned to be a continuous north-south corridor linking Canada, the United States and Mexico. FHWA has identified 32 separate sections of independent utility (SIUs) for the national I–69 corridor. The Evansville-to-Indianapolis section of I–69 has been designated by FHWA as SIU 3. The purpose of the Tier 1 study was to resolve: (1) whether or not to complete I–69 in Southwestern Indiana; and if so, (2) the selection of a corridor for I–69 between Evansville and Indianapolis. The Tier 1 ROD identified six (6) Sections of Independent Utility that would be advanced to Tier 2 studies. Naval Surface Warfare Center) are completed and open to traffic. Section 4 (connecting Crane Naval Surface Warfare Center and Bloomington) is under construction, and is expected to be open to traffic in 2015. Section 5 (connecting Bloomington and Martinsville) is under construction and major construction activities associated with Section 5 are anticipated to be complete by the end of 2016. The 2004 NOI for Section 6 stated that alternatives generally will be located within the corridor approved in the Tier 1 ROD. However, the Tier 1 ROD permitted alternatives outside the selected corridor to be considered when necessary to avoid significant impacts within the corridor while still connecting the Tier 2 termini designated in the Tier 1 ROD. Due to the potential for increased impacts and/or changed conditions, the resumed Tier 2 studies in Section 6 may consider alternatives outside the selected Tier 1 corridor. All alternatives considered will connect Section 5 of …


The introduction of leguminous trees in agroforestry and livestock feeding systems offers promise for bridging the huge demand and supply gap in animal feed and fodder in India. Leucaena, a miracle tree for its fast growth, multipurpose uses, nitrogen fixing ability, etc. finds its value in agroforestry system. In the present study, the fodder crop productivity in the Leucaena (Subabul) alleys was not affected and the above ground biomass of the system was more when compared to sole fodder production of annual (maize + cowpea followed by berseem + ryegrass) and perennial Napier Bajra hybrid. The fodder productivity of perennial and annual crops was 140.2 and 110.3 t/ha in Leucaena alleys against the 128.7 and 98.7 t/ha in open, respectively. The Leucaena based silvi-pastoral model was found highly productive, which yielded fuelwood (3.52 t/ha on dry weight basis) in addition to fodder from inter-crops and Leucaena. Biomass yield of one hectare of inter-cropping was found equivalent to 1.45 ha by sole fodder crops. Moreover, the Subabul based fodder inter-cropping produced 15 per cent higher protein than the sole fodder crop on unit area basis.


A data acquisition system for processing signals produced by direct photon conversion sensors, primarily for applications in digital X-ray imaging, has been developed. The system comprises a custom-made PCI card, a front-end readout ASIC, and a digital counting ASIC. The operation of the readout ASIC is optimized for input capacitance of 2 pF per strip, which includes both the detector and the interconnection capacitance. The dynamic range of the system is extended from 30 up to 250 keV. Since the readout chip also includes a polarity select circuit, the system is suitable for applications with electron or hole collecting detectors. Due to the adopted readout architecture the counting rate achieved is extremely high, up to 3 MHz, while the measured noise was around 1200 electrons for 2 pF detector capacitance. The real-time imaging system is under evaluation in combination with CdTe detectors as front-end of a luggage inspection system. In this paper, the architecture and the performance of the two ASICs of the system are presented.


Microwave plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition (PACVD) reactors are used for the production of high quality diamond films. Microwave PACVD systems have traditionally been operated at pressures between 10 and 150 Torr, resulting in diamond growth rates of up to 5 um/hr.


Android, one of the most popular mobile operating system in recent year, attracts device users by its numerous applications. Google built Google Play Store as its official Android market for Android users to search and install apps. However, with the increasingly growth of the number of apps in Android marketplaces, some undesirable apps began to turn up. Plagiarisms and malware are two main kinds of those undesirable applications. For plagiarisms, they pirate other developers' work. As for malware, one of the most common way of spread is inducing users to install by their graphical user interface (GUI) similarity. Therefore, in this paper, we put forward a method to detect plagiarisms or malware which conceal themselves as a legitimate pre-existed app in Android marketplaces by their appearance. The main method we design is to compare the GUI similarity among Android apps and pick up some apps with high similarity on their appearance. In detail, we extract some features of apps and compute their similarity by their feature vectors. At last, we evaluate our design with 2,000 apps in both official and alternative Android marketplaces to find out such appearance similar apps in our dataset.


This study evaluates the use of semiotics as an auxiliary science to the Information Marketing. Thus, the goal of this research was to raise awareness about the concepts of semiotics, the analyzes generated by it, the practices that may lead it to be used as Information Marketing tool, and assess the effectiveness of semiotics applied to the development of cartons of milk . Thus, the goal of this research was to raise awareness about the concepts of semiotics, the analyzes generated by it, the practices that may lead it to be used as a Information Marketing tool and then evaluate the effectiveness of semiotics when applied to the development of cartons of milk. A qualitative study was conducted, in which a focus group technique was used. Two different packs were drawn up, each one following one out of the two creative paths prevailing in the Brazilian milk market and subsequently were submitted to two groups with different age, as follows: Group 1 (G1) consisted of 10 housewives age range between 40 and 60 years and Group 2 (G2) composed of 10 individuals, mostly university students, aged between 19-40 years. A semi-structured questionnaire was used in order to conduct both groups, which contained questions that, when answered, subsidized the chromatic and iconic analysis of the type of packaging used. After the collection, the method of interpretation of meanings was used for the data analysis. It was observed a strong relationship between the manifested in both groups and the following study: Semiotic Analysis of UHT Packaging, proposed by Perez (2009). Finally, it is believed that the semiotic is an effective tool when applied to the Marketing assistance in the development process of cartons of milk.


On the basis of analysis of automation speciality and its problems in Xi'an Jiao Tong University, this paper suggests that the students in automation major should be able to acquire, transfer, process and utilize information, and proposes a new teaching plan, curriculum system, and experiment scheme. This study is founded on the research of Shanxi Provincial Teaching Reform Project and XJTU Action Project. This paper also briefly discusses the on going experiment construction.


Isotopic fractionation of leaf water during transpiration is influenced by both equilibrium and kinetic factors. Previous workers have predicted that the influence of each factor varies depending upon the path of water loss, whether centralized through stomata, or diffuse through the cuticle. We studied the relationship between the oD and 0180 values of leaf and stem waters of laurel sumac, Rhus laurina (Nutt.) T. & G., and its parasite, dodder, Cuscuta subinclusa D. & H., growing in the field. Stomatal transpiration, associated with more stagnant boundary layers, predominates in R. laurina; cuticular transpiration, associated with more turbulent boundary layers, is most important in the largely astomatal C. subinclusa. We also studied the diurnal variation in the oD and 0180 values ofleafwaters of two astomatal plants, Chiloschista lunifera (Rchb. F.) J.J.S and Stylites andicola Amstutz, and two stomatal plants, Tillandsia balbisiana Schult. and Lilaeopsis schaffneriana (Schlecht.) C. & R., growing with them under the same conditions in the laboratory. Slopes, m, for the relation oD = mol80 + b were significantly higher for stem waters in C. subinclusa than for leaf waters in R. laurina (1.77), consistent with the difference in the boundary layers through which water was lost in the two species. The magnitude of diurnal heavy isotope enrichment of tissue water was smaller in C. subinclusa than in R. laurina, which is also consistent with predictions concerning evapotranspiration through different types of boundary layers. The slopes, m, in plant waters in the laboratory experiments, conducted at high humidity, were not different than those observed during evaporation of water from pans, regardless of plant anatomy. The observation suggests that cuticular transpiration is important in influencing isotopic fractionation of water only at low humidity. Our results indicate that the isotopic composition of water vapor released by plants in arid regions may be influenced by the relative proportions of stomatal versus cuticular transpiration.


Background: Waterpipe smoking contains carcinogens and toxicants such as tobacco nitrosamines and heavy metals. To date, few smoking cessation interventions targeting waterpipe tobacco smoking have been reported worldwide. The most recent Cochrane review emphasized the need for evidence on hookah tobacco use interventions since only a few trials of sufficient quality have been published. Aim: The objective of this randomized clinical trial was to examine the efficacy of contingency management (CM) for promoting initial waterpipe smoking abstinence. Methods: Thirty-nine adults completed the study. Participants were adults 18 years of age and older who smoked tobacco using a waterpipe three times or more per week for the past one year, did not smoke cigarettes, and were not planning on quitting waterpipe tobacco smoking. A two-group, repeated measures (10 study visits on Mondays and Thursdays) design was used. Participants were randomly assigned to either the contingent (n = 19) or noncontingent (n = 20) study arms. The primary study outcomes were biochemically verified prolonged abstinence and 7-day point prevalence. Results: The prolonged abstinence rate in the contingent and noncontingent groups were 42.1% and 5.0%, respectively, ( P = 0.008). The 7-day point prevalence in the contingent and noncontingent were 47.4% and 5.0%, respectively, ( P = 0.003). Conclusion: Rewards contingent on biochemically verified abstinence promote initial waterpipe tobacco cessation. This is useful information for consideration in future cessation programs for waterpipe smokers.


OBJECTIVE
To gain insight into parents' decision-making process, and their reasons for participation in the human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccination programme in the Twente region, the Netherlands.

DESIGN
Cross-sectional study by means of a questionnaire.

METHODS
After the first vaccination round, a questionnaire was sent to the parents of 800 13-year-old girls, born in the year 1996 and living in the Twente region. Data were collected on the socio-demographic characteristics of the parents, their daughters' participation in the HPV vaccination programme (in which 13-15-year-olds were offered the vaccine previously offered only to 12-year-olds), and four determinants derived from the Health Belief Model (HBM): perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits and barriers.

RESULTS
371 questionnaires were returned (response rate 46%). 39% of the parents had had their daughters vaccinated. The main reasons for parents to decide not to participate in the vaccination programme were perceived dangers of the vaccine, the risk of minor or major side-effects, and perceived limited efficacy of the vaccine. Religious beliefs also played a limited, but statistically significant, role. Many parents found it difficult to decide whether to let their daughter participate in the vaccination programme.

CONCLUSION
Follow-up research into participation is recommended, especially once health-education has been improved and media attention is reduced. Future communication about HPV vaccination should take into account the role played by parents in deciding whether or not to participate in the vaccination programme and should concentrate on their concerns about vaccine side-effects and vaccine safety and the perceived efficacy of the new vaccine.


A quick and simple reversed-phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic method (RP-HPLC) with isocratic elution has been developed and validated for the concurrent quantitative determination of chlorthalidone, metoprolol succinate and telmisartan in the bulk mixture and tablet dosage form. The chromatographic separation was performed using Inertsil Octadecyl-Silica (ODSC18) Column (150mm×4.6mm, 5μm) stationary phase. The separation and elution was carried out using a mobile phase mixture of phosphate buffer (50 mM, pH 2.5) and acetonitrile at a ratio of 40:60 v/v and 0.7 mL/min flow rate. Chlorthalidone, metoprolol succinate and telmisartan were eluted at 2.96±0.5 min, 4.31±0.5 min and 5.94±0.5 min respectively. The response was recorded using a photodiode array (PDA) detector at 225 nm wavelength. The selected method was linear in the range of 3.21-18.72 μg/mL, 6.25-37.50 μg/mL and 10-60 μg/mL while percentage recovery was in the range from 99.15 to 99.93%, 99.15 to 99.42% and 100.03 to 100.08% for chlorthalidone, metoprolol succinate and telmisartan respectively. The method was found to be sensitive, selective, linear and reproducible and the results obtained suggest the suitability of the developed method for routine analysis of the formulations containing the combination of these drugs.


Terence's prologues address two different audiences simultaneously; the one versed in Greek literature, the other with very limited, if any, knowledge of writing. The prologues strive to transmit information appealing to the members of both audiences. The layers or qualitative difference in interpretation of the information communicated through Terence's prologues, and the reception of this information by the two different types of spectators. The uneducated, illiterate audience members, with little exposure to written texts, would be attracted to the art of Terence's comic-writing through his meticulously crafted language that uses the techniques of oral poetry namely the recurrent use of key words, phrases, themes and figures of speech, which are often reminiscent of epic formulas. The employment of language from the technology of orality is delivered in a style that deliberately echoes oratorical performances. Keywords: comic-writing; oral poetry; oral textuality; Terence's prologues


Galvanizing industries of Bangladesh produce profuse amount of environmentally hazardous solid waste materials like zinc dross which contains significant amount of valuable zinc and harmful heavy lead. Zinc was extracted as zinc chloride (ZnCl 2 ) from zinc dross. Zinc stearate (ZnSt 2 ) samples were prepared by precipitation method from stearic acid, sodium hydroxide and ZnCl2 by varying the amount of the reagents and product yield found within the range 96.06-99.18%. Characteristic peaks of ZnSt 2 were investigated by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) onset curve assigned accurate melting point within the range 122.84-124.03 ° C. Surface morphology of ZnSt 2 was observed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and products had semi-crystalline structure. Thermal stability of ZnSt 2 was evaluated by Thermo-gravimetric Analyzer (TGA) that complied with literature. A combination of ZnSt2 and Calcium stearate (CaSt 2 ) at 1:1 ratio was used as thermal stabilizer in the powder commercial grade PVC resin and performed better thermal stability. The dehydrochlorination temperature of PVC with mixed stearates was 344.67±1.04 ° C for 10% (w/w) loading whereas for PVC, PVC with 10% (w/w) ZnSt 2 and PVC with 10% (w/w) CaSt 2 , it was 269.83±1.04 ° C, 317.33±1.26 ° C and 323.33±2.08 ° C respectively. Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 51(4) , 261-270, 2016


The purpose of this study was to see how self-efficacy of students towards the learning process online amid the Covid-19 outbreak. This research is a descriptive study that describes self-efficacy based on the dimensions that exist in self-efficacy and is summarized and used as a measurement tool or instrument, namely the level (magnitude) associated with task difficulties, strength related to the effort made by students, and energy-related to space. the scope of student beliefs. The instrument used was a non-test in the form of a questionnaire self-efficacy consisting of 30 statements with 4 choices and 616 respondents. The result is that the dimensions of the level of Indonesian SMP / MTs students are in the medium category with a percentage of 55.04%, which means that when students are faced with difficult tasks during learning online, students can overcome them. The dimension strength is in the medium category with a percentage of 56.82%, this shows that the efforts and resilience of Indonesian SMP / MTs students in doing assignments in learning are online quite persistent and do not give up easily. The dimension generality is in the medium category with a percentage of 45.94%, which means that Indonesian SMP / MTs students' confidence in completing different tasks is quite good. In general, the self-efficacy of Indonesian SMP / MTs students in learning online is quite good.


With the development of Information Technology and the increasing number of electronic documents, as a large-scale text information processing means, text classification attracts more and more attention on researchers. In order to obtain better performance in text classification works, two methods on improving the feature weight calculation by introducing the influence of part-of-speech are proposed, one is Single-Part-of-Speech (SPOS) and the other is Multi-Part-of-Speech (MPOS). Contrast experiments between the improved feature weight calculation methods and the original TF-IDF method are conducted. In terms of the improved approaches, the part-of-speech weights are optimized by the Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm. Besides, in order to prove that the improved methods are applicable, Reuters-21578 is used as the corpus in the experiment. The experiment results demonstrate that the improved feature weighting methods perform better than the original TF-IDF method by achieving higher precisions at different dimensions of feature space. In addition, MPOS method works more effectively than SPOS method. Through the in-depth analysis we can also find out that both noun and verb have certain extent of influence, but noun contributes relatively more to classification. Keywords—Text Classification; Part-of-Speech; Particle Swarm Optimization; Feature Weight;


Ru O2·n H2O film was deposited on tantalum foils by electrodeposition and heat treatment using Ru Cl3·3H2O as precursor.Surface morphology, composition change and cyclic voltammetry from precursor to amorphous and crystalline RuO2·n H2O films were studied by X-ray diffractometer, Fourier transformation infrared spectrometer, differential thermal analyzer, scanning electron microscope and electrochemical analyzer, respectively. The results show that the precursor was transformed gradually from amorphous to crystalline phase with temperature. When heat treated at 300 °C for 2h, RuO2·n H2O electrode surface gains mass of2.5 mg/cm2 with specific capacitance of 782 F/g. Besides, it is found that the specific capacitance of the film decreased by roughly20% with voltage scan rate increasing from 5 to 250 m V/s.


In the article, a new, developed by the authors mathematical model of the process of plant material cutting with use of a shear – finger cutting section, has been presented. Innovatory nature of this model involves a new approach to the plant material to be cut. Other, so far developed models do not take into account the stalk stiffness changes along its length, which in the opinion of the authors is a too big simplification. The computer program named ŹDŹBŁO_1 was performed for needs of the simulation analysis. This program can be applied at the stage of design of the shear-finger cutting section. It should be observed that these mechanisms are widely used in agricultural machines.


The huge interest in nanomaterials has become an important line of research in nanotechnology for the generation of functional molecular assemblies. For the construction ofmolecule-based functional devices, it is necessary to developmethods for integrating thesemolecular components intowell-ordered assemblieswith awelldefined supramolecular architecture. Therefore, it is essential to study and develop methods for the controlled assembly of multicomponent nanostructures. While systems with monomolecular films on surfaces have been studied extensively, it is attractive to extend this approach to multilayer films, to enhance their properties and create materials with functional groups at controlled sites in three-dimensional arrangements [1]. In recent years, layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly has emerged as a promisingmethod for fabricating structured and functional thinfilms on solid substrates, since it can be used to construct afilm on top of a substrate of almost any composition or topology by alternating its exposure to solutions containing species of complementary affinities. While most multilayer assemblies are prepared by electrostatic interactions, we have used supramolecular host–guest interactions to grow LbL films [2]. Host–guest interactions offer unique properties, such as tunable binding affinity, controlled orientation, reversibility, and so on, and can be compatible with and orthogonal to other interaction motifs. Compared to the well-known electrostatic LbL films, supramolecularmultilayer filmsmay offer additional benefits, such as incorporation of neutral molecules and/or biomolecules, implementation of host–guest motifs at the interface of nanomaterials to be assembled in a LbL scheme, straightforward control over the growth process and layer thickness by structural and steric design of the building blocks, and so on. In this chapter, the research on supramolecular layer-by-layer assembly will be reviewed. The first section explains the principle of supramolecular LbL assembly in general. The second section evaluates the combination of LbL assembly with nanoimprint lithography (NIL). This combination of bottom-up and top-down


AbstractThis article addresses the problem of the stability of a slope within the framework of the yield design theory (YDT), which is a rigorous method that avoids assumptions that could affect th...


"2004 rules of Wushu Taolu competition" was consummated in the level of quantitative evaluation,which improved the objectiveness of Wushu Taolu rules and also provided higher requirement for the ability of Wushu judge.In order to help judges grasp the new rule of Wushu exactly and rapidly,this study designed and developed the TJSS(Wushu Taolu Judge Multi-media Study System),which includes text teaching material system,learning system and examination system.The detailed design plan was introduced in the paper.


Abstract This paper deals about the tagging of Part of Speech (POS) in the Manipuri text using Conditional Random Field (CRF) which is an unsupervised learning approach. Manipuri is a language spoken mainly in Manipur, a state in the North Eastern Part of India also in some other part of Myanmar and Bangladesh. It is highly agglutinative in nature thus choosing of feature such as surrounding words, POS tag, prefix, suffix, length etc as feature for running CRF tool is helpful for POS tagging. The system shows a recall of 70.00%, precision of 77.78% and F-measure of 73.68%. Keywords: Part of Speech (POS), Conditional Random Field (CRF), Feature, Multiword Expression (MWE), Recall, Precision and F-measure. 1 Introduction This paper deals with the unsupervised tagging of Part of Speech (POS) for Manipuri language (or Meiteilon), which is one of the scheduled languages of India mainly spoken in Manipur and in some parts of Assam which locates at the North-eastern part of India also in other countries like Bangladesh and Myanmar. Manipuri uses two scripts; the first one is purely of its own origins while another one is a borrowed Bengali script. In the present task, the processing has been done on the Bengali script. Manipuri is a Tibeto-Burman (TB) language which is highly agglutinative in nature, mono-syllabic, influenced and enriched by the Indo-Aryan languages of Sanskrit origin and English. The affixes play the most important role in the structure of the language. A clear-cut demarcation between morphology and syntax is not possible in this language. In Manipuri, words are formed in three processes called affixation, derivation and compounding as mentioned in Thoudam P.C. The majority of the roots found in the language are bound and the affixes are the determining factor


Based on mono-functional group imine blocking technology,a solventless impregnated polyesterimide resin was developed with high boiling point and highly active vinyltoluene as reactive diluent.The molecular structure was characterized by infrared spectroscopy(IR),GPC,TG,etc.The effects of process parameters on the properties of the impregnated resin were studied.The results show that the impregnated resin has properties of fast-curing at low temperature,low volatile,high heat resistance,moisture resistant,low dielectric loss,which has improved the technological level,operational life and reliability of insulating system.


This paper describes a prototype two-step ADC with adjustable resolution in 40 nm CMOS technology. It uses a front-end successive-approximation-register ADC and a back-end time-domain ADC. Digital statistical calibration overcomes errors from front-end mismatch as well as inter-stage and back-end nonlinearity by analyzing specific statistical properties. In the 12-bit mode at 20 MS/s, the maximum SNDR is 59 dB before calibration and 68 dB after calibration, using 6.2 fJ per conversion-step, excluding the power dissipation required by the calibration.


To understand last spring's military take-over in South Korea, the factional power struggle now going on, and the inevitable civil war looming in the background, it is necessary to review chronologically the events leading up to the military coup and its immediate aftermath.This article can also be found at the Monthly Review website, where most recent articles are published in full.Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.


The Southern African Large Telescope (SALT) was completed in 2005 and began initial scientific operations in August of that year. Built in just under 6 years and on budget, SALT has been a good example of a successfully managed telescope project where systems engineering disciplines have been applied to good effect. This paper discusses the experiences of completing and commissioning SALT and its first-light instruments and the early scientific operations. Lessons learned in integrating the various telescope subsystems and implementation of the telescope control system are presented. First Light was announced on 1 September 2005 following the installation of the last of the 91 mirror segments and the commissioning of the UV-visible imager, SALTICAM. This was soon followed by the first scientific observations and the beginning of the commissioning phase for the active optics system.


Abstract The sixteenth-century Collectanea of the condottiero Pietro Monte contains some of the most thorough writings that exist pertaining to the use of staff weapons. A detailed study of how these weapons are categorised, contextualised, and used in Monte's work can, due to their sometimes limited treatment in other fight books, allow for a comparative approach between Monte's works and those of other fight book authors. Such a study allows for a more complete understanding of how Monte's work fits in with the wider fight book genre, properly contextualising the Collectanea, and demonstrating to what extent this important but often overlooked text should be considered revolutionary or reflective of contemporary military and martial trends. In this article is discussed Monte's approach to defining staff weapons, his contextualisation of staff weapons according to military and martial environments, and Monte's teachings on the use of staff weapons.


Objective
To investigate the clinical efficacy of short segment fixation with percutaneous pedicle screws or traditional open surgery for the type A1-A3 thoracolumbar compression fracture.

Methods
A retrospective case control study was conducted on the clinical data of 64 patients with thoracolumbar compression fracture admitted to Shanxi Dayi Hospital between January 2012 and February 2017. There were 44 males and 20 females, aged 21-65 years [(45.4±11.1)years]. There was one patient with injured segment at T11, 29 at T12, 27 at L1 and seven at L2. According to AO typing, there were 39 patients classified as Type A1, two as Type A2 and 23 as Type A3. The patients were divided into minimally invasive surgery group (n=37) and open surgery group (n=27). Minimally invasive surgery group was treated with minimally invasive percutaneous pedicle screw fixation and open reduction. The open surgery group was treated with traditional open pedicle screw short segment fixation and open reduction. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, total hospitalization time, postoperative hospitalization time, visual analogue scale (VAS) before and after operation, local kyphosis of the fractured vertebra, segmental kyphosis and complications in two groups were recorded.

Results
All patients were followed up for 12-29 months, with an average of 13.2 months. Between the minimally invasive surgery group and open surgery group, no significant difference was found in the operation time [(106.4±37.3)minutes vs.(131.3±33.6)minutes](P>0.05), and significant differences were found in intraoperative blood loss [(71.2±34.9)ml vs.(409.3±267.5)ml], total hospitalization time [(11.7±7.2)days vs. (21.6±12.8)days] and postoperative hospitalization time [(8.1±7.4)days vs. (16.6±10.6)days] (P 0.05), but significant difference was found in VAS immediately after operation between the two groups (P 0.05). In the minimally invasive surgery group, the segmental kyphosis Cobb angle was (16.1±9.1)° before operation, (3.0±1.8)° immediately after operation, and (5.9±1.8)° at final follow-up. In the open surgery group, the segmental kyphosis Cobb angle was (15.2±12.0)° before operation, (3.1±1.4)° immediately after operation, and (5.6±2.1)° at final follow-up. The segmental kyphosis Cobb angle immediately after operation and at final follow-up were significantly decreased within the two groups compared with the preoperative Cobb angle (P 0.05). No spinal cord injuries because of pedicle screws were observed after operation in either group. In the open surgery group, there was one patient with wound infection who recovered after dressing change, and no infection case was found in the minimally invasive surgery group.

Conclusion
For type A1-A3 thoracolumbar compression fractures, both the minimally invasive posterior pedicle screw fixation and the traditional open pedicle screw fixation can achieve satisfactory near-term results, and the former is better in intraoperative blood loss, immediate relief of pain after operation and shorter hospital stay than the latter.

Key words:
Spinal fractures; Fracture fixation, internal; Pedicle screws


Assistant team is the absolutely necessary important force for engaging political though education in college of our country.For continuous enlarged enrolment of students,the assistant function is gradually becoming to deal with the affairs of students and to weaken the functions of political thought education.While the various problems of students in college are emerging one after another,it is anxious to change assistant function,taking political thought education as the main part and training students' compre hensive diathesis complete development to become students' life tutor.


This article analysis the limit of NAT technology which is widely used today., dan discussed some method to break the limit.


Significance MAGUK Inverted 2 (MAGI-2) is a scaffold protein with a putative tumor-suppressor role and also interacts with nephrin in the glomerular slit diaphragm protein complex. To gain insight into its function, we generated Magi-2–KO mice and found that loss of MAGI-2 expression leads to slit diaphragm disruption, podocyte foot process effacement, and severe podocyte loss. Magi-2–null mice develop rapidly progressive glomerular disease and renal failure. Our findings suggest that MAGI-2 is essential for kidney filter function and podocyte survival, thereby providing insights into the pathogenesis of proteinuric kidney disease. Moreover, Magi-2–null mice can serve as an excellent model system for studying glomerular disease progression and identification of new treatment targets for the difficult-to-treat spectrum of primary podocytopathies. MAGUK Inverted 2 (MAGI-2) is a PTEN-interacting scaffold protein implicated in cancer on the basis of rare, recurrent genomic translocations and deletions in various tumors. In the renal glomerulus, MAGI-2 is exclusively expressed in podocytes, specialized cells forming part of the glomerular filter, where it interacts with the slit diaphragm protein nephrin. To further explore MAGI-2 function, we generated Magi-2–KO mice through homologous recombination by targeting an exon common to all three alternative splice variants. Magi-2 null mice presented with progressive proteinuria as early as 2 wk postnatally, which coincided with loss of nephrin expression in the glomeruli. Magi-2–null kidneys revealed diffuse podocyte foot process effacement and focal podocyte hypertrophy by 3 wk of age, as well as progressive podocyte loss. By 5.5 wk, coinciding with a near-complete loss of podocytes, Magi-2–null mice developed diffuse glomerular extracapillary epithelial cell proliferations, and died of renal failure by 3 mo of age. As confirmed by immunohistochemical analysis, the proliferative cell populations in glomerular lesions were exclusively composed of activated parietal epithelial cells (PECs). Our results reveal that MAGI-2 is required for the integrity of the kidney filter and podocyte survival. Moreover, we demonstrate that PECs can be activated to form glomerular lesions resembling a noninflammatory glomerulopathy with extensive extracapillary proliferation, sometimes resembling crescents, following rapid and severe podocyte loss.


The ac susceptibility was measured for the powdered samples of La 2- x Ba x CuO y with various Ba and oxygen contents. Double maxima at x =0.08 and 0.16 and a large dip at x =0.12 were observed in both the Meissner volume fraction f and the superconducting transition temperature T c ′ where the Meissner signals start to show a large drop. We have newly found that for x =0.12 the decrease of the oxygen concentration y leads to a rise of T c ′ and an increase of f , suggesting that the decrease of y suppresses the low-temperature phase transition between orthorhombic and tetragonal structures which makes the superconductivity unstable around x =0.12. Furthermore, we observed that the onset temperature of the Meissner effect T c os of about 30 K is almost independent of x and y , while the superconducting transition becomes broad and f decreases with lowering T c . These results indicate that some optimum composition which shows the intrinsic superconductivity exists in the range of 0.08≤ x ≤0.16.


Barriers for flood defence and other purposes are often constructed using sand bags. The strength of these barriers is limited and the invention seeks to address this problem. The invention provides a tie formed as a single injection moulded item placed between layers of sandbags to help to hold them together. The tie has two rigid triangular end plates (4) and (5) linked by a flexible arm (11). The end plates are formed with protruding spikes (6) shaped with a barb so that they will easily penetrate the fabric of a sandbag but are difficult to pull out. In use, each tie is placed between layers of sandbags so that spikes of respective plates (4) and (5) become anchored to adjoining bags. The bags of the barrier are thus held together and any irregularities in it are accommodated by the flexibility of the arm (11). Slots (14) and lugs (15) allow a plurality of ties to be linked together as may be required when oversize sandbags are employed.


Ringed Seals, Phoca (Pusa) hispida, and Bowhead contents from Bowhead Whales were preserved in Whales, Balaena mysticetus, are ecologically impor I 0% formalin. tant components of the Chukchi-Beaufort marine Laboratory analysis of material involved macro ecosystem. Ringed Seals are present in the area scopic sorting followed by microscopic examination throughout the year in association with sea ice. Their and identification of prey. Food items were identified numbers and spatial distribution vary greatly in using appropriate taxonomic keys and from voucher relation to seasonal changes in ice cover. Bowhead specimens maintained at our laboratory and at the Whales winter in the Bering Sea and summer in the University of Alaska Marine Museum Sorting Center. Beaufort Sea and Amundsen Gulf. They pass close to The volume of each type of food was measured by Point Barrow during their spring and fall migrations. water displacement. Where possible, numbers and Both species are regularly taken by Eskimo hunters size ranges of prey items consumed were determined. from the settlement of Barrow. Ringed Seals are presently numerous in this region Results and are probably at or near the carrying capacity of As no clear time-, sex-, or age-related differences in their habitat. The Bering-Chukchi-Beaufort Sea diet were apparent , the data from all 16 Ringed Seals population of Bowhead Whales was greatly reduced were pooled. Over three-quarters of the combined during the late 19th century and the population is still total volume of food was euphausiids ( Thysanoessa below the level that existed prior to commercial inermis and T. raschii), which occurred in 11 of 16 whaling. Ecological relationships between these two stomachs examined. Gammarid amphipods (Anonyx marine mammals are unclear. This note indicates that nugax, Gammaracanthus loricatus, Acanthostepheia in the vicinity of Point Barrow, Alaska, these two behringiensis, Gammarus zaddachi, and Atylus sp.) species utilize the same primary prey items and hence were also found in 11 stomachs but comprised only some competition for food may exist. 4.6% of the combined total volume. Hyperiid amphipods (Parathemisto libellula and P. abys Methods and Materials sorum) occurred in seven stomachs, always in Table I lists the pertinent information regarding the association with euphausiids, and accounted for 0.3% 16 Ringed Seals and 2 Bowhead Whales from which of the total combined volume. Isopods (Saduria stomach samples were collected. All animals were entomon) were found in only two stomachs but made taken in the vicinity of Point Barrow (71°23'N, up 15.9% of the total combined volume. This high l 56°30'W). Samples utilized included the entire percentage was largely the result of a seal taken on 13 contents of stomachs obtained from the seals and June 1976 the stomach of which contained 200 ml small subsamples of stomach contents from the Saduria. Shrimp (Sclerocrangon boreas, Lebbeus Bowhead Whales. polaris, and Panda/us sp.), mysids (Mysis litoralis and When possible, each animal was weighed and Neomysis rayil), and squid (species unknown) measured, and the date, time, and location of capture appeared in a few stomachs in small volumes. Fishes noted. Age determinations for seals were based on were represented almost entirely by otoliths. Otoliths examination of claws and / or teeth. All contents of the of 30 Polar Cod (Boreogadus saida), two Capelin seal stomachs were gently washed on a 1.0-mm mesh (Mallotus villosus), and one Saffron Cod (Eleginus screen and preserved in 10% formalin for later gracilus) were identified. Fish remains occurred in five examination. The two subsamples of stomach seal stomachs.


Market deregulation has changed the way transmission utilities manage their lines as they are not paid by the amount of transmitted power, but by the availability of their lines. The reason for that is the concept of free energy market (generation prices), that need the transmission system to be always available for large energy block transfers of the cheapest generator in the system. In this new model, the transmission utilities are penalized for the time a line is off service to the system after a permanent fault. The time needed for restoring the line to the system is mostly lost in locating the real point of the fault. This paper show how this time can be significantly reduced by using traveling wave.


The genus Tethya represents a large cosmopolitan group of 81 recognized and a significant number of additional, still undescribed sponge species. The phylogenetic relationships within this old taxon are almost unknown. This is represented by the fact that several species are regarded as cosmopolitan. However, some of them might represent groups of closely related but distinct species. Using molecular and morphological characters, we aimed at a fundamental phylogenetic study for the genus Tethya, evaluating an existing morphological matrix and the cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) as a molecular marker. Intending to create a basic phylogenetic framework for the genus we selected a number of species from main biogeographic regions covered by Tethya species: from the Mediterranean Sea (T. citrina and T. aurantium), the northern European seas (T. citrina, T. norvegica and T. hibernica), the western Atlantic (T. actinia), the eastern Pacific (T. californiana), the Indo-Pacific (T. seychellensis) as well as three species of unknown biogeographical origin, originally described from aquarium habitats (T. wilhelma, T. gracilis and T. minuta). Both the morphological matrix, consisting of 29 characters and 131 character states, as well as the molecular matrices (COI nucleotide sequences of 658 bp as well as deduced amino acid sequence of 219 aa), resolved major biogeographical subgroups within the genus. However, the nucleotide based matrices revealed a higher resolution. Two major branches seem to have diverged early: an Indo-Pacific (T. seychellensis, T. wilhelma, T. minuta) and a Pan-European clade (T. citrina, T. norvegica, T. hibernica). For T. aurantium as well as a North-American group (T. californiana, T. actinia and T. minuta) our results are not conclusive. The morphological character set will have to be re-evaluated to gain a higher phylogenetic resolution. The addition of more species to our basal phylogenetic framework will allow analysing the evolution of the various biogeographical subgroups in the genus Tethya.