Accurate characterization of residual stress in engineering components is important in structural integrity assessment. Two commonly used methods of measuring residual stress include the neutron diffraction technique and the deep-hole drilling (DHD) technique. The former is a well-known nondestructive measurement method and the latter is a semi-invasive technique which is readily available and portable. Both these measurement techniques depend on a number of physical quantities and are therefore sensitive to errors associated with the measured data. The resulting stress uncertainties can easily become significant and compromise the usefulness of the results or lead to misinterpretation of the behaviour of stress distribution. This paper describes briefly the error analysis for both techniques. Results from earlier neutron diffraction and deep hole drilling measurements are used to illustrate the errors. It is found that the average error for both techniques is about ±20MPa. In the case of the neutron diffraction method this error is acceptable for path lengths less than a few centimetres. At greater path lengths the errors become unacceptably large. In contrast the error in the DHD is independent of depth.Copyright © 2008 by ASME


Building on time-series and cross-sectional properties of survey forecasts, this paper documents a fruitful set of stylized facts of inflation expectations in Korea that a macroeconomic theory must aim to explain. Despite the fact that survey measures of inflation expectations have a similar central tendency, the amount of disagreement among different types of economic agents appears to be substantial and shows no clear relationship with relative price variability. The analysis of micro-level inflation expectations data suggests that inflation uncertainty measured by dispersion of households expectations relies not only on inflation regime but also on relative price variability. Each survey forecast has the ability to explain the path of future inflation, but surprisingly with the wrong direction from the rationality perspectives. Percentile regression analysis yields robust evidence of bounded rationality for the households.


In this study, performance and its basic concepts, efficiency, and productivity, are explained and performance measurement methods are discussed. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to measure efficiency in multi-criteria problems and to determine the weights of criteria for efficiency measurement. With the help of the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), which is one of the best methods of measurement of efficiency, efficiency levels of the banks in Turkey, whose data can be fully reached, was evaluated. The criteria for bank efficiency were weighted with the AHP and then the efficiency scores of the banks were determined using the Weighted DEA method. Potential improvements have been proposed for inefficient banks.


FIELD: optics. SUBSTANCE: method of producing colour image by light diffraction grating includes creation of solid body surface of the array of diffraction grating for process micro structuring by laser. Laser radiation is radiation of laser unit in nanosecond or picosecond range. Each array of diffraction grating consists of subareas, which longitudinal dimensions have value less than resolution of human eye. Each subregion comprises at least one pixel. Said one pixel ensures production of separate spectral colour. At that, method further includes step of analysing said solid body surface to obtain latticed shape on that surface, prior to creation of diffraction grid surface of solid body surface is adjusted considering obtained requirements to body form. EFFECT: technical result consists in creation of image with high efficiency and high brightness. 19 cl, 8 dwg


The cornerstone of any healthy population is access to safe drinking water. The goal of the United Nations International Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Decade from 1981 to 1990 was safe drinking water for all. A substantial effort was made by the United Nations to provide drinking water and sanitation services to populations lacking those services. Unfortunately, however, the growth in developing country populations almost entirely wiped out the gains. In fact nearly as many people lack those services today as at the beginning of the 1980s (Gleick, 1993, 1998). The lack of adequate water supply systems is due to both the deterioration of aging water supplies in older urbanized areas, and to the nonexistence of water supply systems in many areas that are undergoing rapid urbanization, such as in the southwestern United States. In other words, methods for evaluation of the nation's water supply services needs to consider not only rehabilitation of existing urban water supply systems but also the future development of new water supply systems to serve expanding population centers. Both the adaptation of existing technologies and the development of new innovative technologies will be required to improve the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of future and existing water supply systems and facilities necessary for industrial growth. An EPA survey (Clark et al., 1982) of previous water supply projects concluded that the distribution facilities in water supply systems account for the largest cost item in future maintenance budgets. The aging deteriorating systems in many areas raise tremendous maintenance decisionmaking problems that are further complicated by the expansion of existing systems. Deterioration of the water distribution systems in many areas has translated into a high proportion of unaccounted-for water due to leakage, which is not only a loss of a valuable resource, but also raises concerns of safe drinking water by possible contamination through cracked pipes. The reliability of the existing aging systems is continually decreasing. Only recently have many municipalities been willing or able to finance rehabilitation of deteriorating pipelines, and are still deferring needed maintenance and replacement of systems components until a catastrophe or the magnitude of leakage justifies the expense of repair. Water main failures have been extensive in many cities.


In 2006, University of North Dakota Physician Assistant (PA) Program initiated a pilot project of enrolling, in addition to Registered Nurses (RN), other health care professionals (HCP). The purpose of this study is to begin assessing what effect this program change will have upon the PA pathophysiology course.


X‐box binding protein 1 (XBP‐1) is a key regulator of cellular unfolded protein response (UPR). The spliced isoform of XBP‐1, XBP‐1S, is a transcription activator, which is expressed only when UPR is induced. However, the impact of recombinant protein production on the regulation of XBP‐1 signaling in CHO cells is not well understood. In this report, we cloned the Chinese hamster XBP‐1 homolog to aid the investigation of the interplay between protein productivity, culture conditions, and endogenous XBP‐1 signaling in CHO cells. Interestingly, expression of XBP‐1S is detected in the non‐producing and unstressed CHO‐K1 cells. Transient expression of recombinant erythropoietin reveals a positive correlation between XBP‐1 mRNA abundance and protein production level. However, such a correlation is not observed in batch cultivation of stable producing cell lines. The increased XBP‐1 splicing is detected in late‐phase cultures, suggesting that induction of XBP‐1S may be a result of nutrient limitations or other environmental stresses rather than that of increased intracellular accumulation of recombinant proteins. Our data suggest that XBP‐1 is a key determinant for the secretory capacity of CHO cells. Understanding its dynamic regulation hence provides a rational basis for cellular engineering strategies to improve recombinant protein secretion. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2010


The pulling nature of crises on the 'frontiers' stimulates Western interventionism focused on state building. This interventionism is fundamentally dependent upon collaboration with indigenous politics and 'collaborative systems', the relationships linking interventionist actors with indigenous ones, determine its structure and dynamics. State building interventions rely on collaborative systems because they define the interface of the external forces of the intervening power with indigenous politics. Unless the energy and resources of the intervening power can be translated and internalised into terms of indigenous politics, the intervention will be unable to achieve its state building goals. Presently, Western states are both failing to build appropriate collaborative systems and to manage their collaborative partners. However, if Western states can improve their approach to and implementation of collaboration with indigenous politics, they can better manage insecurity on the frontiers through state-building interventionism.


It relates tooth implant insertion tool (12) comprises a template (2) which can be placed on the skin (especially mucosa) around the bone (8) or the bone. First sleeve disposed template or the template (4) is provided with a continuous recess (5), the instrument through this recess can be partially guided. The upper instrument placing a second sleeve movable in the axial direction (10). The sleeve is an automatic releasable connecting elements (14, 16) with a predetermined holding force is secured in the axial direction in the basic position, a force exceeding the holding force acts, the connecting element is automatically released, the second sleeve can move axially on the instrument. Instruments are inserted into the continuous recess with a second sleeve which is axially fixed, is guided and / or aligned by the outer surface of the second sleeve (17) in the template, the outer surface of the second sleeve recess conform to the inner surface of the.


More than any other publication, National Geographic magazine has taught Americans about the world around them. Recently, the magazine's view of the world has become more complex. Since 1995, the magazine has been producing editions published in languages other than English. This raises questions as to how international audiences negotiate these "glocalized" representations. By investigating how the National Geographic "The Samurai Way" story resonates with Japanese individuals, this study first addresses the cross-cultural reception of an American text not simply exported to another country, but an American text repackaged for a local foreign audience. It then returns to the process of production of the story in an effort to identify points of intersection and contradiction in the discourses emerging about the text from multiple positions.


In this paper,the involved concepts of workflow are introduced firstly,then the current situation of research and existing limitations in workflow area are overviewed.After that,a model of database-based lightweight workflow management system is put forward.Further more,the detail technological issues about it,including process modelling tools with form(s),workflow database,organization modelling tools,workflow engine,worklist handler and business system,are discussed.


Objective To analyze the correlation of 18F-FDG SUVmax with plasma free metanephrines (MN),normetanephrine (NMN) and 131 I-meta-iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scintigraphy,and to explore the role of 18 F-FDG PET/CT in distinguishing between benign pheochromocytoma (BPCC) and malignant pheochromocytoma (MPCC).Methods 18F-FDG PET/CT,plasma MN and NMN,and 131 I-MIBG SPECT were studied in 19 patients with pheochromocytoma confirmed by postoperative pathology,including 11 benign and 8 malignant cases.ROC curve was drawn,and 18 F-FDG SUVmax of patients with MN (NMN) positive and negative results was compared using two independent sample t-test by SPSS 17.0.Results Both BPCC and MPCC showed positive findings on 18F-FDG PET/CT.SUVmax of MPCC ( 19.40 ± 7.39)was significantly higher than that of BPCC (7.44 ± 4.47; t =-4.40,P < 0.01 ).Using a cut-off value of 8.85 on the ROC curve for determining BPCC and MPCC,the sensitivity,specificity and accuracy was 8/8,81.8% (9/11 ) and 89.5% (17/19),respectively.SUVmax of adrenal lesions ( 19.75 ± 8.64) was significantly higher than that of extra-adrenal lesions (9.12 ± 5.83 ; t =- 3.18,P < 0.05 ).The difference of SUVmax between new and recurrent lesions was not significant (t =-1.68,P >0.05).SUVmaxof MN negative cases ( 13.57 ±8.61 ) was significantly higher than that of MN positive cases (6.63 ±2.42; t =2.70,P<0.05 ).The difference of SUVmax between NMN negative and positive cases was not significant (t =-0.93,P >0.05).Seven patients underwent 131 I-MIBG SPECT,among which one case with BPCC and four cases with MPCC were negative.The 18F-FDG PET/CT results were positive in all seven patients.Conclusions 18F-FDG PET/CT can be used as a second-line diagnostic tool for patients with negative MN or indeterminate 131 I-MIBG SPECT findings.The degree of FDG uptake has potential in the differentiation of benign from malignant pheochromocytoma.

Key words:
Pheochromocytoma ;  Tomography, emission-computed;  Tomography, X-ray computed; Deoxyglucose;  Epinephrine ;  Norepinephrine


Objective: To explore the effect of nitric oxide on apoptotic vascular endothelial cells. Methods: After stimulating HUVEC with TNF-α, apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry, the NO level in the supernatant was measured by spectrophotography. Results: Low concentration of NO could inhibited the endothelial cells apoptosis induced by TNF-α while high concentration of NO could accelerate apoptosis. Conclusion: The result demonstrates both an anti-apoptosis effect of low concentration of NO and a pro-apoptotic effect of high concentration of NO in the endothelial cells.


Recent laser wakefield acceleration experiments have demonstrated the generation of femtosecond, nano-Coulomb, low emittance, nearly monokinetic relativistic electron bunches of sufficient quality to produce bright, tunable, ultrafast x-rays via Compton scattering. Design parameters for a proof-of-concept experiment are presented using a three-dimensional Compton scattering code and a laser-plasma interaction particle-in-cell code modeling the wakefield acceleration process; x-ray fluxes exceeding ${10}^{21}\text{ }{\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ are predicted, with a peak brightness $g{10}^{19}\text{ }\mathrm{\text{photons}}/({\mathrm{mm}}^{2}\text{ }{\mathrm{mrad}}^{2}\text{ }\mathrm{s}\text{ }0.1%\text{ }\mathrm{\text{bandwidth}})$).


This issue of Hypertension contains selected manuscripts based on presentations made at the 53rd Annual Fall Conference and Scientific Sessions of the American Heart Association, Council for High Blood Pressure Research. The meeting was held in Orlando, Florida, September 13 through 16, 1999. The conference was preceded by the Workshop on Channels and the Mechanism of Hypertension, which was organized by Alberto Nasjletti, MD. The program for the conference included 74 oral presentations and 173 posters, which were selected from the 444 submitted abstracts. These presentations, which were judged the best hypertension research, covered a variety of topics, from genetics, molecular biology, receptors, vascular biology, and signal transduction to clinical hypertension and obesity. …


Recent increase in the number of pixels of a non-metric digital camera encourages to use it for close-range photogrammetry such as modeling cultural asset and buildings. However, these cameras have to be calibrated far close-range photogrammetry application. For self-calibration, an appropriate pbotograrnmetric network and object field should be designed. In this paper, we studied the effect on self-calibration accuracy changes according to the change of the number of ground control points, dimensions of the ground control points, and the combination of images. We concluded that self-calibration with three photos including a vertical photo can give the stable accuracy of interior orientation parameters and 10 ground control points on a plane can give high accuracy for object reconstruction.


Background Resections for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma have now been carried out systematically for over 70 years. However, opinions still differ as to the results. Some consider it unresectable, whereas others claim a high survival percentage and recommend resections. Methods The literature on this surgery has been scrutinized from the onset, and 790 studies have been found that deal with resections and reveal survival information. Results Review reveals that the percentage of survivals is exaggerated with life-table methods when there is censoring of the data. Duplication of reporting survivors is rampant. Conclusion After adjusting for calculations and duplications, the total number of 5-year survivors can hardly be more than 700–800.


duction published by Eugene Lepeschkin and E. Kimura;̂ *^ it was, in fact, designed to duplicate the clinical record. Much of clinical physiologic investigation represents demonstration in man of phenomena originally observed in animal experiments; much of "basic" laboratory investigation is designed to explain phenomena observed in the clinic; and some of both is serendipitous. The interchange, however achieved, cannot fail to advance our knowledge. I am personally grateful for tbe contributions of Fred Pick and Ken Rosen and their colleagues.


The physical and generalized sensor models are two widely used imaging geometry models in the photogrammetry and remote sensing. Utilizing the rational function model (RFM) to replace physical sensor models in photogrammetric mapping is becoming a standard way for economical and fast mapping from high-resolution images. The RFM is accepted for imagery exploitation since high accuracies have been achieved in all stages of the photogrammetric process just as performed by rigorous sensor models. Thus it is likely to become a passkey in complex sensor modeling. Nowadays, commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) digital photogrammetric workstations have incorporated the RFM and related techniques. Following the increasing number of RFM related publications in recent years, this paper reviews the methods and key applications reported mainly over the past five years, and summarizes the essential progresses and address the future research directions in this field. These methods include the RFM solution, the terrainindependent and terrain-dependent computational scenarios, the direct and indirect RFM refinement methods, the photogrammetric exploitation techniques, and photogrammetric interoperability for cross sensor/platform imagery integration. Finally, several open questions regarding some aspects worth of further study are addressed.


Increasing migration is a result of a consequence and a cause of the growth of cities. As such cities are now becoming crucibles of peoples of different socio-cultural and economic backgrounds and origins. Generally, people migrate to cities for various reasons such as possibility of jobs and employment opportunities and freedom from poverty, unemployment, limited job opportunities and the socio-political unrest at the place of origin. However, their life and experiences at the place of destination are usually characterized by various uncertainties, discriminations, and so on, In this context, the paper will try to conceptually locate the "Dalit migrant workers" at the place of destination and their relationship with the city and their claims in terms of rights to the city and also try to understand their negotiations with the urban commons; physical, social, economic, and cultural. The paper will also try to explore what fails the migrant workers to get "recognition" as other city dwellers. And lastly, the paper will also analyze the role of the state apparatus and their policies in providing equal access and recognition of migrant workers in Indian cities. The paper will make use of descriptive method based on secondary sources and field experiences.

KEYWORDS: Migration, Dalit migrant workers, right to the city, urban commons


Purpose
Available literature overlooks the factors that affect employers' opinions of the skills graduates bring to the labour market. The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between the perception of graduates' skills and the employers' anticipative and remedial strategies.

Design/methodology/approach
A qualitative multiple case study is used and data were gathered from interviews with human resource managers in ten firms in Portugal. The data set includes information on perceptions of graduates' skills, solutions for the acquisition of skills, hiring and training policies, and practices associated with university–industry linkages.

Findings
Almost all the employers sampled are unsatisfied with graduates' preparation in soft skills and other personal traits. Some report skill shortages and gaps in technical skills that result in training costs. The perception of technical skills varies according to anticipative and remedial strategies.

Research limitations/implications
This is an explorative study with a very small sample of firms. However, it is a first step towards further research into whether the perception of graduates' skills is affected by anticipative and remedial strategies implemented by firms within a particular human resource development system.

Practical implications
It is argued that the responsibility for graduates' employability should be shared. Practitioners should learn how to interact with higher education, researchers should profit from insights into typologies of employers' strategies on skill formation, and policy makers should understand that employers are heterogeneous and there is no one-size-fits-all solution.

Social implications
Universities, employers and policy makers should understand that the employability of graduates presupposes shared responsibility.

Originality/value
The relationship between the strategies employers adopt to access skills and their perception of graduates' skills is a quite underexplored topic.


The use of raloxifene, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament for preventing or treating postmenopausal osteoporosis in a postmenopausal woman wherein said medicament in the form of a tablet or capsule.


In this paper we give quantitative version for the set made of admission kneading sequences with probability metric.It is proved for the set that the Hausdorff dimension is 1 and the 1-dimension Hausdorff measure is zero in ∑2.


A connection is developed between typical characteristic polynomial coefficient sign patterns and Δ, the difference between the numbers of π-bonding and π-antibonding molecular orbitals for hydrocarbons. A link is revealed between Δ and dominant Sachs' subgraphs for the non-zero characteristic polynomial coefficient that is closest to the end of the polynomial. Through the intermediacy of the appropriate Sachs' subgraphs, the connection between a given Lewis structure and Δ is clarified. Exploiting the Sachs' subgraphs, one can redesign non-alternant hydrocarbon structures to alter π-system stability and, therefore, the kinetic stability of interesting molecules. A PM3 test of this methodology is provided in the accompanying paper.


In this paper we discuss three problems with OWL syntax that repeatedly surface in practice. The first problem is that OWL does not allow for explicit declarations—assertions that a certain class, property, or an individual exists in an ontology. This aspect of the OWL standard was often misinterpreted, which caused design errors in OWL APIs; moreover, the lack of declarations makes devising an intuitive structural consistency check for OWL ontologies difficult. The second problem is that OWL Abstract Syntax and OWL RDF syntax rely on the separation between object and data property names for disambiguation. We show that this prevents an unambiguous interpretation of certain syntactically well-formed OWL ontologies; furthermore, it makes implementing OWL parsers unnecessarily difficult. The third problem is that OWL Abstract Syntax cannot be translated into OWL RDF syntax without loss of information. We present possible solutions to these three problems, which, if adopted in OWL 1.1, would lead to a cleaner standard and would significantly simplify the implementation of OWL APIs.


National security can only be secured by the national defense. Recruitment is an important foundation for national defense and army building. It is of great significance to ensure national military strength and maintain national defense security. In essence, it must be a long-term and effective task. At the same time, soldiers are the foundation of the army. To improve the quality of soldiers, it is necessary to include the source of college students. For this, China has started pilot recruitment of college soldiers in some full-time colleges and universities since 2001. Universities now have been an important place for recruiting who play an important role in improving the quality of military sources. With the continuous development of military recruitment in higher education institutions, it is an inevitable requirement for relevant vocational colleges to do well in the enlisting and recruiting work for national defense and national defense education. Based on this background, this article points out the shortcomings and problems in college recruitment, then explores the countermeasures of national defense education for vocational college students.


Copper supported on SiO2, which was prepared from Cu(OCOCH3)2 and to which P was added, was a selective catalyst (80–85% at about 50% conversion) for the formation of HCHO by the dehydrogenation of CH3OH at 500 °C. Among various additives such as P, B, K, Li, Mo, and Zn, the addition of P to the Cu/SiO2 significantly enhanced the rate for the formation of HCHO with an increase in the selectivity.


In this paper a simulator for Integrated Onboard Signalling System(IOSS) will be presented and illustrated. IOSS which is integrated with there signalling systems such as ERTMS/ETCS Level 1 ATP(Automatic Train Protection), ATC(Automatic Train Control) and ATS(Automatic Train Stop) is a signalling system for HEMU-400X(Highspeed Electric Multiple Unit - 400㎞/h eXperiment). HEMU-400X is under development as the next generation high-speed train in Korea. Before conducting a trial run of HEMU-400X with IOSS, we must carry out functional test of IOSS. The simulator is suggested in this paper for testing and verification of IOSS. The simulator can help to test all function of IOSS although a real train and trackside equipments are not existed. Also the simulator can make a fault in trackside equipment intentionally. In that scenario, we can figure out how IOSS handle emergency situations.


Objective To explore the role of vasculopathy and ischemic events in the pathomechanism of mitochondrial encephalomyopathies. Methods Computed tomography perfusion imaging has been applied to the evaluation of brain perfusion during the symptomatic period of mitochondrial encephalomyopathies, and mitochondria structures of the blood vessels wall within muscle fibers were observed by pathological technique. Results 7 cases of different clinical types of mitochondrial encephalomyopathies were characterized by recurrent stroke-like episodes and seizures. Neuroimaging studies demonstrated uni-and bilateral lesions predominantly in the occipital and temporal-parietal lobes, in which areas cerebral blood flow and cerebral blood volume decreased, mean transit time and the time to peak were delayed on computed tomography perfusion imaging. Muscle pathology showed incontinuous or dark staining on vessel wall by succinic acid dehydrogenase staining. Electron microscopy of blood vessels has shown swelling and a striking increase in the number of mitochondria in the smooth muscle and endothelial cells. Conclusion Mitochondrial encephalomyopathies is a systemic vascular disease. Cerebral hypoperfusion and metabolic dysfunction may represent an important feature of the pathogenesis of the strokelike episodes.


We theoretically study the generation of quantum correlations in a hybrid system composed by two interacting semiconductor quantum dots mediated by a metal nanoparticle and coupled to an external applied continuous wave laser field. All interactions present in the system are treated using a semiclassical approximation. We report entanglement of formation which gives information about entanglement quantum correlations. We have found that for proper values of the characteristic parameters of the hybrid system and the intensity of the applied field we can produce steady state quantum correlations of significant value so that they can be useful in quantum information and computation processes.


Garry G. Sparks focuses on a scant, approximately 50-year period of themid-late sixteenth century CE in what is now highland Guatemala and theMexican state of Chiapas. This is a period and place characterized by some of the earliest incidents of encounter, exploration, negotiation, colonization and conquest, and resistance among variousMaya states/peoples of the region, representatives of the Spanish crown, and various Christianities. Within this historical, social, political, and religious context, Sparks combs through the works of K'iche' Maya intellectuals and mendicant scholars in an effort to identify the remaining pieces (and ultimately fashion a plan for the reconstruction) of Domingo de Vico's Theologia Indorum. Its first volume completed in 1554, and initially composed in several Mayan languages, Vico's Theologia is the first original, explicit Christian theology written in the Americas. Sparks explores Maya influences on, and indigenous responses to, Vico's Theologia. His purpose is two-fold: first, to situate Domingo de Vico and his text within the wider tradition of sixteenth-century Western European Christian thought, and second, to understand the highland Maya experience of mendicant messages as more than passively syncretic and see them as a multi-vocal theological dialogue.


The structural parameters and charge distributions of
9,10-dihydroanthracene (DHA) 1a, xanthene 1b, N-methylacridane
1c and thioxanthene 1d, and their monoanions 2a–d have been
calculated by an ab initio MO method at the Hartree–Fock
SCF level using 6-31G(d) basis set. The calculated dihedral angles
(α) indicate that xanthene
(α = 180°) is planar,
while DHA
(α = 142.2°),
N-methylacridane
(α = 142.7°) and
thioxanthene
(α = 133.3°) have
non-planar geometries. Deprotonation of 1a–d at C9
leads to a completely flat structure for xanthenide 2b
(α = 180°) and
significantly flattened molecules for DHA- 2a
(α = 153.3°),
N-methylacridanide 2c
(α = 157.6°) and
thioxanthenide anion 2d
(α = 150.0°). The
calculated charge distributions of these anions are found to correlate
well with the experimentally determined 13C NMR chemical
shifts. The combined data from net charge distributions and carbon
chemical shifts indicate that the heteroanthracenide anions 2b–d
may be characterized as extensively delocalized 16
π-electron systems in which oxygen and nitrogen anions on
the one hand and a sulfur analogue on the other exhibit some
fundamentally different charge distribution pattern. While the extent of
overall delocalization of the benzylic negative charge increases in the
order of O < N < S, the reverse order
S < N < O is observed with regard to
the extent of charge delocalization into the benzenoid moieties. This
observed discrepancy may be explained by the second-row nature of the
sulfur atom and its ability to stabilize an adjacent negative
charge.


CMS will look the other way until March 31, 2012, but the Jan. 1, 2012, compliance deadline for providers won't budge.


High Poet: Philip Lamantia (23 October 1927-7 March 2005) it is so cool up here! "Opium Cocaine Hemp," Narcotica (1959) Andrew Joron and I met Philip Lamantia on his seventy-first birthday, through Will Alexander, who'd known him for twenty years. Not long before, Philip had locked himself out of his North Beach apartment overnight, without ID, triggering a hallucinatory manic episode that landed him in San Francisco County Jail, unable to contact anyone for five days. He still had the shaved head to show for it, which he turned to dandiacal advantage under a most professorial skull cap. Over a couple of double macchiatos, he described his hallucinations with enthusiastic extravagance and his incarceration in harrowing detail. As anyone who knew him can attest, his conversation was marvelous, full of unexpected turns, perhaps best characterized as bringing distant realities into close relation. He'd drop a fact from The Oxford History of Prisons, followed by an observation from Steven Fama, an admirer he'd met a few days before who, by chance, was also a prisoners' rights attorney. Then he'd offer stories of his own from jails in various countries, told not with the conceit of a self-mythologizer but rather with a scholar's desire to explicate and an adept's need to understand the fundamental nature of things. This initial meeting lasted about twelve hours-coffee turned into dinner, then coffee, then red wine and innumerable spliffs back at "the pad"-by the end of which we were all fast friends. Despite his candor, Philip was clearly pained by his recent experience, yet he also considered it pivotal; High Poet, a memoir he occasionally contemplated writing, began with the poet waking in the holding tank with perhaps thirty identically clad others, not knowing where he is or how he got there. In combination with a dramatic reconversion to Catholicism at the Shrine of St. Francis in North Beach following the installation of a relic of the saint there, the ordeal in jail ended what had been about four years of depression, during which he was unable to write or even see friends. His new mania was brought under control with medication, and for the next few years, a group of us, also including Brian Lucas and Jeff Clark, had the pleasure of sharing his company and witnessing his final phase of poetic activity. He published three or four new poems, which, for so severe a critic of his own work, was considerable. But he also read me a number of others, in various states of completion, and thought he was on the verge of a new collection, to be called Symbolon, which he said meant "thrown together" in Ancient Greek. Not long after his seventy-fourth birthday, however, he fell into a deep depression from which he never fully emerged, and the project was laid aside. But the days he spent with us were some of the best of my life. No one expected to see Lamantia anywhere, and suddenly he was everywhere. We reunited him with poets he hadn't seen in years, like Robert Kelly and Sotere Torregian, and introduced him to peers he'd never met, like John Ashbery and Barbara Guest. He also made a point of meeting others, like Norma Cole and John Yau, in whose work he detected surrealism. Surrealism, of course, was Philip's touchstone, one he'd tried to throw away but which always came back to him. At the end of his life, as far as I know, he considered himself a Catholic surrealist-or, more precisely, a surrealist mystic-an identity whose capacity to outrage more doctrinaire adherents to surrealism reveals the extent of his originality. Like surrealism, Philip was unassimilable, even by surrealism, while his Catholicism can only be described as left-wing and dissident. Discovered in 1943 by Charles Henri Ford in View, then claimed for surrealism by Andre Breton in the final issue of VVV, Philip had been a famous poet since the age of fifteen. His subsequent participation in the European Avant-Garde exiled in New York during World War II left him burdened with experience beyond his years yet endowed with perpertual youth. …


Preface. Genome science today and tomorrow (H. Yoshikawa). Genomic view of the cell. Just so genome stories: what does my neighbor tell me? (S. Noria, A. Danchin). Genome biology of a model bacterium, bacillus subtilis (K. Kobayashi, N. Ogasawara). Mitochondrial protein flux (T. Endo). Peroxisome assembly and peroxisome biogenesis disorders (Y. Fujiki). Toward the global analysis of cellular signaling pathways (H. Taniguchi, Y. Murata, E. Yamauchi). Regulation of the phospholipase C-a2 pathway in B cells (T. Kurosaki). Generation and phenotypic analysis of conditionally inactivated mutant cells (E. Sonoda et al.). E-CELL: towards computer simulation of the whole cell (M. Tomita). Genomic view of development. Deciphering the eye morphogenetic pathway (W.J. Gehring, L. Michaut). Mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways in C. elegans (N. Hisamoto, R. Sakamoto, K. Matsumoto). From evolutionary developmental biology to genomics: towards a genome map of the free-living nematode Pristionchus pacificus (J. Srinivasan, R.J. Sommer). Genomic approaches to early development of C. elegans (Y. Kohara). A genome scientific view of ascidian development (N. Satoh, Y. Satou). Genomic view of diversity. Diversity of the cadherin-related neuronal receptor family in the nervous system (T. Yagi et al.). On the roles of mutation and selection in genome evolution: a population genetic approach (H. Tachida). Epigenetic regulation in mammalian development and dysfunction: the effects of somatic cloning and genomic imprinting (T. Kohda et al.). Imprinting cluster and domain regulation in Kip2/Lit1 subdomain on mouse chromosome 7F4/F5 (T. Mukai et al.). A preliminary comparison of the mouse and human genomes (R.J. Mural et al.). Chimpanzee genome project for understanding ourselves (Y. Sakaki). Genome evolution. Life cycle of restriction-modification gene complexes, powers in genome evolution (I. Kobayashi) Origin and evolution of the plant genome with a focus on mitochondrial and plastid genomes (N. Ohta, T. Kuroiwa). Early evolution of eukaryotes inferred from genome data (N. Arisue, T. Hashimoto, M. Hasegawa). Exploiting genomics in evolutionary developmental biology (P.W.H. Holland et al.). Human genome. Oligo-capped cDNAs for promoter indentification and annotation (S. Sugano). Approaches to identifying genetic variation for complex phenotypes (N.J. Cox). Identification of candidate tumor suppressor genes from critical deletions of long arm of chromosome 6 in hematopoietic neoplasm (S. Ogawa, A. Hangaishi, H. Hirai). Understanding cancer through gene expression profiling (H. Aburatani). Author index. Keyword index.


Researchers at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) developed the Adaptable, Multiplatform, Real-Time Analysis Package (AMRAP) for the continuous measurement of environmental radionuclide decay. AMRAP is a completely open source visualization and analysis package capable of combining a variety of data streams into an array of real-time plots. Once acquired, data streams are analyzed to store static images and extract data based on previously defined thresholds. AMRAP is currently used at ORNL to combine data streams from an Ortec Detective high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector, a TSA Systems radiation portal monitor (RPM), and an Orion weather station. The combined data are used to study the rain-induced increase in RPM background radiation levels. RPMs experience an increase in background radiation during precipitation due to the deposition of atmospheric radionuclides on the ground. Using AMRAP results in a real-time analysis workstation specifically dedicated to the study of RPM background radiation levels. By means of an editable library of common inputs, AMRAP is adaptable to remote monitoring applications that would benefit from the real-time visualization and analysis of radiation measurements. To study rain-induced increases in background radiation levels observed in radiation portal monitors (RPMs), researchers at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) developed a software packagemore » that allows data with different formats to be analyzed and plotted in near real time. The Adaptable, Multiplatform, Real-Time Analysis Package (AMRAP) was developed to operate in the background and capture plots of important data based on previously defined thresholds. After executing AMRAP, segments of a data stream can be captured without additional post-processing. AMRAP can also display previously recorded data to facilitate a detailed offline analysis. Without access to these capabilities in a single software package, analyzing multiple continuously recorded data streams with different formats is impractical. Commercially available acquisition software packages record and analyze radiation measurements but are not designed to perform real-time analysis in conjunction with data from other vendors. The lack of collaboration between vendors is problematic when research requires different data streams to be correlated in time and immediately analyzed. AMRAP was specifically developed to provide a solution to this problem. AMRAP is a completely open source visualization and analysis package capable of plotting and analyzing data from different vendors in near real time.« less


This paper presents a data structure for a 3-D preprocessor of an electromagnetic field computation program using object-oriented programming. An object-oriented database was organized to store all the necessary data to build an electromagnetic problem and generate its mesh, giving better flexibility and allowing a high improvement in organization.


This essay emphasizes the importance of Emerson's poetry. It close-reads selected poems and puts them into the contexts of Emerson's prose and of what Morris has termed a "politically ethical aesthetic." ********** I would write on the lintels of the door-post, Whim. I hope it is somewhat better than whim at last, but we cannot spend the day in explanation. "Self-Reliance" (1) Emerson's poetry is fundamental to a reading of his prose, even as it remains among the most underappreciated poetry in American literature. Albert von Frank and Douglas Wortham have given us in the recently published Collected Works: Volume 9, Poems: A Variorum Edition, a wonderful tool for provoking new scholarship on and enjoyment of Emerson's poems. (2) The CW Poems excepted, we have no recent extensive commentary on the poetry, thus none that accommodates contemporary developments in scholarship and theory. In this essay, I read some of Emerson's best poems, with particular attention to "The Rhodora," "The Snow-Storm," the "Ode" to W.H. Channing, "Concord Hymn," "Brahma," and "Boston Hymn," in light of what I have previously termed a politically ethical aesthetics that I think permeates Emerson's texts, directly and indirectly. (3) This concern (shared variously by Fuller, Thoreau, and other Romantics) is perhaps even more imperative in the twenty-first century, calling us to imagine the poetically beautiful in terms of the politically just, the just in accordance with beauty, and how we read in accord with how we live. In their refusal to dichotomize political praxis and aesthetic experience, and in their representation of justice in economic terms, Emerson's poems attest to impulses that make Transcendentalism, forms of idealism, and forms of postmodernity necessarily liberationist in a political sense, with quite material ramifications, as is indicated by Emerson's powerful influence on radical political activists then and now--Thoreau, Fuller, Stanton, Emma Goldman, Martin Luther King Jr, and so on. One name in such a list is distinctly important for this essay--that of the Cuban intellectual, revolutionary, and national hero Jose Marti. (4) Marti makes abundant references to Emerson, wrote an essay "Emerson," translated at least five of his poems, and wrote at least one poem to him--a verse elegy. Marti writes that Emerson's "rages [were] holy," so that when Emerson "saw men enslaved and thought about them, his words seemed to be the Tablets of the Law shattering again on the slope of some new biblical mountain." (5) Marti repeatedly praises the extravagant and the ecstatic in Emerson's texts--reading his Transcendentalism as not incompatible with, but the harbinger of, political activism, which Marti associates with Emerson's love of nature: "He prefers the teachings of Nature to the teachings of man.... To be good, all he needs is to gaze upon the beautiful" (630). The good and the beautiful, to Marti, are one, and are inseparable from the demand for the possibility of beautiful material lives for all humankind. "In him," Marti hyperbolically asserts, "idealism ... did walk the earth. Emerson has humanized it.... His poetry is the only polemic verse to sanctify the great struggle [for equality] on this earth" (632). While many scholars have written about Emerson and democracy, debating whether Emerson were progressive or not, and have commented on the Romantic connection of aesthetics and other ideologies, here I emphasize the more immediate political ramifications, as does Marti. I consider the progressive political implications of Emerson's poetry for his time and our own, and read his texts about nature as part of his potentially radical politics. I say "potentially" because our own inclinations inform, of course, how we read. "Whim," as Emerson uses it in the passage I have chosen as my epigraph, does not just mean "playful impulse." The phrase invokes one of the most foundational Jewish and Christian topoi. …


Summary The effect of vascularity on the uptake of radio-active phosphorus was investigated in the following manner:
 1.Inflammatory lesions of the eye were induced, and the accumulation of P 32 by such lesions was compared with that measured in normal ocular tissue. After an initial rise during the first 10 minutes, the accumulation of P 32 was essentially equal in both groups. 2.Perfusion studies in rabbit eyes containing the Brown-Pearce carcinoma in the anterior chambers confirmed the results of previous investigations showing differential uptake of radioactive phosphorus by normal and neoplastic ocular tissues. Variations in accumulation of P 32 by the individual neoplasms was explained on the basis of "tissue geometry.". 3.Comparative measurements of the uptake of P 32 and iodinated (I 131 ) serum albumin were made in tumor tissue, normal tissue, and blood. Curves obtained may be interpreted as representing the effect of vascularity and also tissue accumulation of radioactivity.


Camel Research Center, King Faisal University Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia Abstract: A wide range of haemostatic variables were studied in a number of 62 neonate camels and their dams at the time of delivery. The results indicated significant prolongation of the coagulation time, template bleeding time, activated coagulation time, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, reptilase time, and a reduction in platelets count with no change in fibrin degradation products was observed in neonates in comparison with their dams. This indicates a significant diminution in coagulation mechanism in neonate which is considered to be of physiological nature at this early age.


An overview is made of the research history and current state of climate change attribution,with an emphasis on the studies of possible causes of the recent climate warming around the globe and across China.Also discussed are the remaining uncertainties related to some key issues.Conclusions are drawn from the overview that big progresses in studies of climate change detection and attribution have been made both internationally and domestically since 1980s,but large uncertainties still exist in many aspects of the current research.The uncertainties are mostly related to the quality of instrumental and proxy data,the complicated feedbacks among varied components of climate system,and the research tools such as global and regional climate models.A further development of climate change science will rely on the significant reduction of these uncertainties in the coming decades.


This paper presents details of numerical simulation of square to oval hot rolling process.With the aid of FE code MARC/Autoforge,particular attention is paid to predict the temperature distribution and temperature history in the slab during the rolling process.Comparison of calculated results with experimental data shows good agreements.


The article is devoted to communication competence in modeling with other competences of Bachelor in Electromechanics, its structure and the contribution of components in the formation of competence. The approaches to defining competence of bachelor-electrician are determined. A system of competencies is suggested. In order to determine the inclusion of each of the selected competencies in the formation of competence of Bachelor in Electromechanics, experts' opinions were surveyed. The goals were to determine the structure and content of the bachelor's in Electromechanics competence in modeling. The research focus was to research the relationship of competence in modeling with other competencies of Bachelor of Electromechanics, its structure and the contribution of components in the formation of competence. The object of the research was Bachelor's in Electromechanics learning process. The subject of the research was the theoretical base of expertise of Bachelors in Electromechanics in modeling. The results of the research were the connection of competence in modeling with other competencies of Bachelor in Electromechanics, its structure and the contribution of components in the formation of competence. The structure and content of the electrician's competence in modeling were defined. The principal conclusions and recommendations were: the system of competence in electromechanics in modeling involves three groups of competencies: the general scientific, common professional, and specific professional ones. The formation of competence of Bachelor in Electromechanics in simulation cycle starts in mathematical and natural-scientific training (the leading one is general scientific competence) and continues in the cycle of professional and practical training (the leading ones are common professional and specific professional competencies).


Abstract Self-assembly preparative techniques in confined media that lead to magnetic materials with nanometer dimensions are described. Synthesis of nanoparticles using the restricted environments offered by surfactant systems such as water-in-oil microemulsions (reverse micelles) provide excellent control over particle size, inter-particle spacing, and particle shape. These environments have been used in the synthesis of γ-Fe2O3, Fe3O4, MnFe2O4, CoFe2O4, Fe and Fe/Au with particle sizes ranging from 10–20 nm. The controlled environment of the reverse micelle also allows sequential synthesis, which can produce a core-shell type structure (e.g., iron nanoparticles with gold coatings). Lyotropic liquid crystal media also offer template effects for the synthesis of non-spherical magnetic nanostructures. The structures, theory and modeling concepts and novel physical properties of these materials are discussed with emphasis given to the differences between course and fine grained magnetic materials.


Chondromyxoid fibroma is a rare benign Primary tumour occurring in the calcaneum. We report a case of a 23-year-old woman with 3 months history of sudden onset right heel pain with no history of trauma. Which was exacerbated by movement such as walking and standing. A radiographic examination of the right foot and ankle revealed a lesion in the posterior part of the calcaneum. The calcaneum was further evaluated using an MRI scan which revealed a lytic lesion with clearly defined borders. The lesion was treated with curettage, iliac bone grafting, and cementing. Three months after surgery, the graft was consolidated with bone cement in place. There was no sign of recurrence at the one-year follow-up, and the patient had adequate ankle range of motion. Even though the tumour is rare, there is a need for physicians to recognize its radiological features and offer appropriate treatment options. Keywords: Chondromyxoid fibroma, Lytic lesion, Benign primary tumour


Functional elements in DNA sequences tend to evolve at a much slower rate than nonfunctional sequences, because functional elements are subject to selective pressure. Comparative DNA sequence analysis exploits this local difference in mutation rates to identify functional elements such as genes, regulatory sequences, splice sites, and binding sites. This is accomplished by comparing orthologous sequences from two or more species and identifying those regions that are most well-conserved across the species. These conserved regions are excellent candidates for further experimentation. Such a comparative analysis is sometimes called "phylogenetic footprinting" (Tagle et al. 1988; for review, see Duret and Bucher 1997). In this issue, Cliften et al. (2001) report the results of one such comparative study. Their study, focusing on the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, had two separate goals. The first was to use orthologous sequences from seven other partially-sequenced Saccharomyces species to predict short protein-coding genes, RNA genes, and regulatory sequences, all of which create challenges for current computational tools. The second was an investigation into which combination of these species, if completely sequenced, would be likely to shed the most light onto future comparative studies of the genus. When selecting species for comparative sequence analysis, one challenge is that the species should be sufficiently diverged that functional elements stand out from lessconserved nonfunctional sequence, yet sufficiently close that (1) the orthologous functional elements have not been lost in evolution, and (2) alignment algorithms such as BLAST (Altschul et al. 1990) and CLUSTALW (Thompson et al. 1994) will correctly align those orthologous elements. The issue in alignment is that functional elements such as regulatory sequences can be quite short compared to the surrounding nonfunctional sequence. In this case, the noise caused by aligning the diverged nonfunctional sequences may well cause the functional elements to remain unaligned and undetected. Cliften et al. (2001) chose four Saccharomyces species from the sensu stricto group, two species from the sensu lato group, and one petite-negative species. They sequenced >4.3 Mb from these genomes and used the resulting sequences in their comparative studies. The authors discovered interesting new candidate genes and regulatory sequences, and also drew conclusions about the choice of species for future studies. They generally found the sensu stricto species to be too close to S. cerevisiae to allow discrimination between functional and nonfunctional elements, and the other species too distant for accurate alignment to S. cerevisiae. To overcome these problems, they recommend using a combination of at least four species simultaneously and, when alignment algorithms fail, using a motif discovery algorithm such as AlignACE (Roth et al. 1998). This idea leads us to recent advances in phylogenetic footprinting methods (Blanchette et al. 2000; Blanchette 2001) that allow the use of quite diverged species, by abandoning alignment altogether. These studies introduced specialized phylogenetic footprinting algorithms that find the most conserved motifs among the input sequences, as measured by parsimony score on the underlying phylogenetic tree. The algorithms were used successfully to identify a variety of regulatory elements, some known and some novel, in sets of diverse vertebrate DNA sequences as well as in sets of diverse plant DNA sequences. Figure 1 illustrates an example from Blanchette (2001) of binding sites predicted by the algorithm when applied to the 5 untranslated region of the plant rbcS gene. All three boxes shown are known regulatory elements for this gene (Arguello-Astorga and Herrera-Estrella 1998). The 10 plants shown span ∼760 million years of evolution. The regulatory elements found are each only nine basepairs in length, so (not surprisingly) multiple alignment algorithms such as CLUSTALW fail to align these elements. Note in Figure 1 that the phylogenetic footprinting algorithm identifies multiple occurrences of the I-box in some of the regions and also identifies the E-MAIL email@example.com; FAX (206) 543-8331. Article and publication are at http://www.genome. org/cgi/doi/10.1101/gr.197101. Figure 1 Predicted binding sites in the 5 untranslated region of the plant rbcS genes. Distances are approximate. Insight/Outlook


The interesting paper by Robert W. Montgomery, "A Theory of Economic Growth and Inflation," stimulates new thoughts regarding growth and inflation. His analysis of a possible inter dependency between inflation and the growth process provides an effective basis for discussion, one that may help to encourage new and analytical approaches to the complex questions of economic growth and price inflation.


Recent progresses of the research on recycle waste Mn-Zn batteries are introduced,and recycling technology and the utilization approach are discussed.The trend of the research and its application are discussed systematically.


 ABSTRACT Juvenile delinquency is the term used to describe the criminal acts of the criminal offenders who are not major i.e. under 18 and to analyze the present scenario of the juvenile delinquency the research is done. This research aims to explore the educational background of the delinquents along with the family background and their economic status which affects the juveniles or which results in the crime among juveniles. The present study leads to the conclusion that the low income of the family, family background (nuclear or joint or homeless), lack of parental supervision on their children is the main cause which is leading to the rise in this trend of delinquency. Majority of the crime is committed by those who are in the age group of 16-18 years because of the negative influence of the peer groups or the


The ubiquitous interstellar turbulence regulates star formation and the scaling relations between the initial velocity differences and the initial separations of stars. We propose that the formation of wide binaries with initial separations r in the range ∼103 au ≲ r ≲ 105 au is a natural consequence of star formation in the turbulent interstellar medium. With the decrease of r, the mean turbulent relative velocity v tur between a pair of stars decreases, while the largest velocity v bon at which they still may be gravitationally bound increases. When v tur < v bon, a wide binary can form. In this formation scenario, we derive the eccentricity distribution p(e) of wide binaries for an arbitrary relative velocity distribution. By adopting a turbulent velocity distribution, we find that wide binaries at a given initial separation generally exhibit a superthermal p(e), irrespective of the exact turbulent velocity scaling. This provides a natural explanation for the observed superthermal p(e) of the wide binaries in the solar neighborhood.


In the present work, to improve the press formability of the combination of the TRIP steel and ferrite-martensite dual-phase (DP) steel, the mechanical properties and press formability (stretch-formability) of YAG laser welded TRIP/DP tailored blanks were investigated. An as-cold-rolled sheet steel with the chemical composition of (0.1-0.3)C-1.5Si-1.5Mn (mass%) was used in this study. For comparison, 0.14C-0.22Si-1.78Mn (mass%) DP steel was also prepared. The quenched DP steel is called MDPO, and the tempered MDPO steel is called MDP4. For butt welding, the blank obtained after the heat treatment was cut using a fine cutter, and YAG laser processing equipment was used. The press formability was evaluated from the maximum stretch-height (H max ). Tensile tests and stretch forming tests have been conducted for laser butt welded joints obtained from the combination of the different steel. The H max value of the MDPO steel was not controlled at the strength level of the DP steel, and was not different from the H max value of the MDP4 steel. It is thought that this was assisted to TRIP of the TDP steel because the tensile strength of the TDP steel is consequentially lower than that of the MDPO steel. High ductility and the high stretch-formability were able to be secured by the high strength TRIP/DP tailored blanks.


The changeful load may reduce the stability of the motor seriously and even destroy the motor when the continuous flight auger works in the complex stratum.A control system based on fuzzy control and frequency-conversion speed-regulation is designed,which can self-adjust the quantitative factor and scaling factor.The model of the system simulation is established in detail based on the fuzzy control system and V/f frequency control of motor speed model,the best initial values of the quantitative factor and scaling factor are obtained.An experiment is also designed according to the scheme of the system and results show that this system has better adaptability and responsiveness for uncertain changeable load,and the stability and safety of the motor seriously are improved.


Background: Family factors, such as household income and parental psychosocial distress, have been associated with quality of life in children with cancer. However, relationships between parent anxiety and child health-related quality of life (HRQoL) have not been evaluated in children with advanced cancer. Objective: To examine relationships between parent anxiety and both parent-reported and child self-reported HRQoL for children with advanced cancer. Method: Children (aged 5–17 years) with relapsed or refractory cancer and their parents participated in this single-institution cross-sectional study. Parents completed measures of their own baseline anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory–Trait [STAI-T] form) and their ill child's HRQoL (PedsQL Generic and PedsQL Cancer, parent report). Children completed age-specific PedsQL Generic and PedsQL Cancer, child report. Spearman's rho coefficients assessed correlations between total parent STAI-T score and both parent-reported and child-reported HRQoL scales. Results: Twenty children (Mage = 9.5 years, 50% female) and their 20 parents (90% mothers) participated. The strongest and statistically significant (p < .05) correlations were inverse associations between parental trait anxiety and parent-reported child psychosocial HRQoL (rs = −.54), emotional functioning (rs = −.49), school functioning (rs = −.45), and child pain and hurt (rs = −.45). Correlations of parental anxiety with all dimensions of child-reported HRQoL were generally smaller (rs < .40), positive, and not statistically significant (p > .05). Discussion: Given the inverse correlations between parental anxiety and child psychosocial HRQoL, assessment of parent mental health needs and access to interventions should be provided routinely for parents of children with advanced cancer.


There exists a conflict between the expropriation on rural collective land and the protection of peasants′ property rights and interests.Thanks to the indefinite purpose of public interests and anomie expropriation procedures,the state′s expropriation power may be abused easily;in addition to low compensation standards and the absence of security system,the peasants′ property rights and interests is difficult to be effectively protected.How to regulate the state′s expropriation behavior as well as protect the landless peasants′ rights and interests have become an important task to establish the harmonious society and law-ruled government.So it should take measures to clearly distinguish between purpose of public interests and non-public,to standardize the expropriation procedures,to resolve the issue of fair compensation,to strengthen the relief for landless peasants,and to establish the security system for landless peasants.


The essay studies the actualities and existing problems of the application of e business in the costume enterprises in our country, and views its prospect.


The fugacity of CO 2 in surface water (fCO 2w ) was measured in the eastern equatorial Pacific (EEP) during the boreal spring and fall of 1992 and in the spring of 1993. A prolonged El Nino occurred during this period with anomalously warm sea surface temperatures (SST) during the spring of 1992 and 1993. Correspondingly, the fCO 2w values were lower than historical non-El Nino values at the equator. However, the fCO 2w in the spring of 1993 was up to 50 μatm higher than in the spring of 1992, despite similar SSTs. The trend is attributed to the slower response times of factors causing fCO 2w decrease compared to rapid increase of fCO 2w by upwelling of cold water with high carbon content and subsequent heating. During the fall of 1992, SSTs south of the equator were 5°C cooler than in the spring, which is indicative of vigorous upwelling of water with high CO 2 content from below the thermocline. Decreases in fCO 2w due to net biological productivity and gas exchange take of the order of months, causing the fCO 2w levels during the spring of 1993 to be elevated compared to the spring of the previous year. Our data and data obtained in 1986 and 1989 along 110°W suggest that fCO 2 maxima in the equatorial Pacific can be either associated with temperature minima or temperature maxima. Despite the multitude of factors which influence fCO 2w , most of the variance can be accounted for with changes in nitrate and SST. A multilinear regression of fCO 2w with SST and nitrate for the 1992 data has a standard error in predicted fCO 2w of 10 μatm. Air-sea fluxes of CO 2 in the EEP were estimated to be 30% higher in the spring of 1993 and 10% higher in the fall of 1992 than in the spring of 1992.


As biodiversity loss continues, there is an urgent need to develop efficient conservation measures to protect diversity with limited conservation resources. Conservation targets have generally been selected based on their population size, but more detailed assessments clarifying the phylogenetic genetic status, history, and phylogenetic uniqueness of rare species is crucial to set more appropriate and effective conservation measures. In Japan, the Act on Conservation of Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora designated endangered plants with high conservation priority, but >40% of these species also grow overseas. We conducted comparative analyses based on ddRADseq and MIG-seq to evaluate the population conservation status and value of Vaccinium emarginatum and Elatostema platyphyllum which are growing across national borders at the eastern edge of their species distribution range. The analyses revealed contrasting conservation status between the two species; the Japanese population of V. emarginatum had lower genetic diversity at the individual level and phylogenetically differentiated from Taiwanese populations, while that of E. platyphyllum had higher diversity at the individual level and is a relatively recent migrant with little phylogenetical differentiation from Taiwanese populations. The two species, which share the common feature of being critically rare in Japan, showed contrasting genetic/phylogenetic characteristics. This study provided useful information for appropriate conservation measures based on species' phylogenetic traits and genetic diversity.


This thesis is submitted to the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of master of Philosophy degree in Religious Studies, 2016.


Good things and bad things are often associated with the right or the left,which is the affective valence of left space and right space.The studies basing on theories of embodied cognition and body-specificity hypothesis show that right-handers implicitly associate "good" with "right" and the opposite is true for left-handers.The motor experience of dominant hand and nondominant hand shape space valence.Space valence can be reversed as a result of changes in motor experience of dominant hand and nondominant hand.The brain areas that support approach motivation functionally are related to areas that support motor actions of dominant hand.Future research should focus on the relationship between the laterality of motivation and the laterality of manual motor control and determine how influences of cultural and bodily experiences combine to shape space valence.


Social forestry programs, including village forest schemes, were anticipated to increase the local community income, but the implementations often differed from the plans. Therefore, this research aimed to determine the attitude and behavior of LPHD members toward village forest management in Central Sulawesi by analyzing their beliefs and evaluation values. The results showed that the forest attribute had the highest value, which indicated that the village forest offered numerous opportunities to enhance the community's welfare. In addition, the attitude value was consistent with the behavior analysis, resulting in a positive value of 0.74. This value indicated that LPHD members agreed with the village forest management in Central Sulawesi and actively participated in the implementation.


The invention provides an early creep feed for a porket, which is compounded and processed by the following components: a microelement premixing material, a vitamin premixing material, a mineral materpremixing material, a compound enzyme, an attraction agent and a feed toxin adsorbent. The creep feed comprises the following components by weight percentage: 25.00 portions of corn, 25.00 portions of expanded rice powder, 15.40 portions of soybean meal (46%), 3.00 portions of concentrated albumen-powder of soybeans, 3.50 portions of Peru steam fishmeal, 2.00 portions of beer yeast powders, 17.00portions of whey powder, 0.85 portions of calcium biphosphate, 0.54 portions of stone powders, 0.25 portions of common salt, 4.00 portions of core material specially used for the porket, 3.00 portions of bean oil, 0.1 portions of choline , 0.20 portions of acidifier, 0.05 portions of mould inhibitor, 0.10 portions of mould removing agent and 0.01 portions of antioxidant. The components are matured by microwave and expanded to be prepared into the granules. The creep feed for porket has balanced aminophenol content and full nutrition, contains no prohibited drug or toxic and harmful raw materials, is easy to be absorbed and digested, has good mouth adaptability and low cost.


OBJECTIVE
To study the pharmacognosy of Nitraria tangutorum Bobr. systematically.

METHODS
Macroscopic, microscopic identifications, physicochemical identification and UV spectrometry methods were carried out.

RESULTS
The macroscopical, microscopical and physicochemical characteristics of Nitraria tangutorum Bobr. were decribed in details.

CONCLUSION
The results can be taken as the reference for identifying the species, analyzing the quality and laying down quality standard of the crude drug.


The study by Sousa et al. challenged the need of a waiting period of 20 min after radiofrequency pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) guided by Ablation index (AI). With their randomized controlled trial, they showed that in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, a waiting period was unnecessary for their tailored PVI guided by the AI. This can be explained by the continuous advances in RF technology, resulting in improved efficacy and effectiveness of PVI. However, the relevance of the performed adenosine testing is still not answered. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Satellite cells are the main source of myogenic progenitors in postnatal skeletal muscle, but their use in cell therapy for muscle disorders is limited because these cells cannot be delivered through circulation and they are rapidly exhausted in severe myopa‐thies. The search for alternative donor cells is ongoing, but none of the candidates so far show all the features required for successful colonization and repair of diseased muscle. In this study, we show that bisperox‐ovanadium, a phospho‐tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor, induces myogenic cells to acquire a gene expression profile and a differentiation potential consistent with the phenotype of a circulating precursors, while maintaining their myogenic potential. These effects are mediated, at least in part, by NF‐κB activation through the Tyr42‐IκB‐α phosphorylation, as shown by the expression of the dominant negative mutant form of the p50 NF‐κB subunit. Moreover, when bisperoxova‐nadium‐treated cells are injected into the femoral artery of α‐sarcoglican null dystrophic mice, they are able to circulate and to reach muscle tissue;importantly, they contribute to muscle regeneration, as shown by the expression of α‐sarcoglican in some fibers. Our observations indicate that bisperoxovanadium, or similar compounds, may prove very valuable to obtain and to expand, from committed cells, multipotent cell populations suitable for gene‐cell therapy applications and may help to understand the molecular basis of genome reprogramming and "stem‐ness."—Castaldi, L., Serra, C., Moretti, F., Messina, G., Paoletti, R., Sampaolesi, M., Torgovnick, A., Baiocchi, M., Padula, F., Pisaniello, A., Molinaro, M., Cossu, G., Levrero, M., Bouché, M. Bisperoxovanadium, a phospho‐tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor, reprograms myogenic cells to acquire a plu‐ripotent, circulating phenotype. FASEB J. 21, 3573–3583 (2007)


One of the main evolutionary stages of planet formation is the dynamical evolution of planetesimal disks. These disks are thought to evolve through gravitational encounters and physical collisions between single planetesimals. In recent years, many binary planetesimals (BPs) have been observed in the solar system, indicating that the binarity of planetesimals is high. However, current studies of planetesimal disk formation and evolution do not account for the role of binaries. Here, we point out that gravitational encounters of BPs can have an important role in the evolution of planetesimal disks. BPs catalyze close encounters between planetesimals and can strongly enhance their collision rate. Binaries may also serve as an additional heating source of the planetesimal disk, through the exchange of the binaries gravitational potential energy into the kinetic energy of planetesimals in the disk.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an improved method for producing high-purity atenolol substantially free from impurities. SOLUTION: The method for producing the atenolol includes: a step for coupling chloromethylbenzene with isopropylamine to afford N-benzyl-N-isopropylamine; a step for reacting the N-benzyl-N-isopropylamine with epichlorohydrin; a step for converting the halohydrin to an epoxide; a step for reacting a salt of phenylacetamide with the halohydrin or the epoxide in the presence of a base; and a step for debenzylating the N-benzylated atenolol to afford the racemized atenolol. COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT


Chronic disease is linked to patient's' lifestyle. Therefore, doctor has to monitor his/her patient over time. This may involve reviewing many reports, finding any changes, and modifying several treatments. One solution to optimize the burden is using a visualizing tool over time such as a timeline-based visualization tool where all reports and medicine are integrated in a problem centric and time-based style to enable the doctor to predict and adjust the treatment plan. This solution was proposed by Bui et. al. [2] to observe the medical history of a patient. However, there was limitation of studying the diabetes patient's history to find out what was the cause of the current development in patient's condition; moreover what would be the prediction of current implication in one of the diabetes' related factors (such as fat, cholesterol, or potassium). In this paper, we propose a Grid-based Interactive Diabetes System (GIDS) to support bioinformatics analysis application for diabetes diseases. GIDS used an agglomerative clustering algorithm as clustering correlation algorithm as primary algorithm to focus medical researcher in the findings to predict the implication of the undertaken diabetes patient. The algorithm was Chronological Clustering proposed by P. Legendre [11] [12].


The dynamic simulation of hyperbolical-cam piston engine for AUV is performed utilizing co-simulation with rigid-flexible coupling model by using ADAMS,Matlab and ANSYS.First,the dynamic characteristics of AUV engine's flexible-body are studied by multi-rigid-body and multi-flexible-body dynamics theory.Second,a multi-rigid-body virtual prototype of the engine for co-simulation is established by ADAMS and Matlab/Simulink,which is followed by the validation using relevant engine test.Third,the finite element model neutral files of flexible-bodies are generated in ANSYS,which are introduced into the multi-rigid-body virtual prototype to build the coupled rigid-flexible-dynamic model in ADAMS.


The present invention relates to an oil-water separating apparatus and separating method, the apparatus comprising a housing, slag screen frame filter. The design point is the housing from the inlet to the outlet of the inlet chamber is formed sequentially spaced, the first processing chamber, a second processing chamber, outlet cavity, slag screen frame placed in the water chamber, the first process chamber, the second process chamber separated from each filtration zone and a settling zone is formed, the separator through the separator with the first process chamber, a vertical wall between the second process chamber, and forming a conductive region between the settling zone and a separator and a filter housing bottom surface channel; filter disposed filter zone, the settling zone in communication with the first processing chamber top inlet chamber, which was filtered settling zone and the top region of the second communication processing chamber, the top filter region and the second process chamber outlet cavity interlinked. With this kind of structure, a double S-shaped flow of sewage treatment, water filtration and achieve better separation. As for oil-water separation equipment, or similar products to improve the structure.


Advances in metagenomic sequencing have provided an unprecedented view of the microbial world, but untangling the web of microbe interdependencies and the complex relationship between microbiome and host is a major challenge in biology. New statistical methods are needed to analyze metagenomic data and infer these relationships. Focusing on amplicon sequencing data, we present methods for leveraging phylogenetic information in deep neural network models and for transfer learning from large data repositories. This approach is demonstrated in experiments using data from the Earth Microbiome Project (EMP) and a dataset of 1500 samples from Waimea Valley on the island of Oahu, Hawaii.


Pre Engineered Steel Buildings (PEB) fulfils the requirements of industrial steel structures along with reduced time and cost as compared to Conventional Steel Buildings (CSB). This methodology is versatile not only due to its quality predesigning and prefabrication, but also due to its light weight and economical construction. In the present work, Pre Engineered Steel Buildings (PEB) and Conventional Steel Buildings is designed for static and dynamic forces, which include wind forces and seismic forces. In this work, an industrial building of 60m length, 30m width and 10m eave height is located at Vijayawada and with different roof slopes like 5.71° & 7.125° as PreEngineered Steel Building and Conventional steel Buildings with 5.71° slope of roof is analysed and designed by using STAAD Pro V8i. Dead load is taken according to IS: 875 (Part 1)-1987. Live load is taken according to IS: 875(Part 2)-1987.Wind analysis has been done as per IS 875 (Part 3) -1987, seismic analysis has been carried out as per IS 1893 (2002) and cold formed sections are designed as per IS 801-1975.


To facilitate better management of large data-intensive compute clusters, many cluster owners and providers of cloud computing environments are looking at virtualization technology as a potential solution. However, virtual machines exhibit performance degradation when compared with physical machines since a virtual machine is unable to execute privileged instructions without first going through the virtualization software. The purpose of our research is to construct a cloud computing environment and assess the performance cost of large-scale cluster computing on large data sets using virtual machines as opposed to physical machines. We developed and tested three different workloads: a synthetic disk-dominant application, a CPU-intensive real-world scientific modeling application, and a real-world ground density modelling application that exhibits a hybrid of CPU and disk operations. These workloads were then evaluated on Denison's own compute cluster running both physical and virtual machines to assess the performance penalties that may be incurred by using a cluster of virtual machines.


In the information management system of enterprise which regard the rapid production as the goal, in order to improve the efficiency of design, the corresponding standard part library is necessary. Using Unigraphics CAD software as the platform, through the analyzing and selecting of second-developed methods, the paper presents a method which is used to establish the 3D parametric standard part library of injection mold, it also analyses the detailed realization of mould and summarizes functions and characteristics of every module, and it realized some parts of the injection mold with the software VC and database management system SQL Server. The result of realization suggests that the method is convenient and flexible, the part library is less external memory, and its modification and expansion are easy. The part library is adequately used in the design of the injection mold, the enterprise achieved satisfactory effect, we can also easily realize the integration of other modules of information management system.


Lewinsohn's (1964) research empirically supports the impression of Rapaport, Gill, and Schafer (1946) and Machover (1949) that persons in a depressed state are likely to draw human figures that are smaller than those of persons not in such a state. This difference has been attributed to the reduced productivity and minimal energy expenditure that characterizes depressed persons. The present study was a further attempt to experimentally compare the size of figure drawings of depressed and nondepressed psychiatric patients. The current investigators carried out two studies utilizing independent criteria of depression. In Study 1 the height of same-sex drawings of a random selection of 25 male and 25 female patients with T scores above 67 on the D scale of the MMPI (regardless of other scores) was compared with same-sex drawings of a random selection of 25 male and 25 female patients whose T score on the D scale of the MMPI was less than 67. In Study 2 the height of same-sex drawings by patients who were considered depressed by their doctors at the time of their admission to the hospital was compared with figure drawings of patients not considered in this state — a procedure used by Lewinsohn (1964). The results of both studies, which are presented in Table 1, reveal that the depressed groups' drawings generally tend to be smaller than those of the nondepressed group; however, these results were not statistically significant. In Study 1 there was a significant difference (p < .01 ) in the height of drawings between depressed and nondepressed female patients, the depressed females having the


The effects of immobilization of the knee joint on the mechanical and ultrastructural properties of the anterior cruciate ligament have not been well documented. Our goal was to determine these effects in a rabbit model and to assess the effect of knee flexion angle during immobilization. The knee joint was immobilized in either 170° or 105° of flexion, and new methodologies were utilized to determine the mechanical properties of the anterior cruciate ligament. In specimens from knees that had been immobilized, the cross‐sectional area of the ligament was 74% of the control value. The stress‐strain curve was altered slightly, and the strain at failure increased 32–40%. The modulus and stress at failure did not decrease significantly. There was no significant difference between the mechanical properties of the knees immobilized at 170° and 105° of flexion. Histological and ultrastructural evaluation demonstrated changes in the shape and intracellular makeup of the fibroblasts from the ligament after immobilization. This cellular response may account for the alterations in the mechanical properties of the anterior cruciate ligament.


This paper studies information-theoretically secure multiparty computation (MPC) over rings Z/pZ. In the work of [ACD+19, TCC'19], a protocol based on the Shamir secret sharing over Z/pZ was presented. As in the eld case, its limitation is that the share size grows as the number of players increases. Then several MPC protocols were developed in [ACD+20, Asiacrypt'20] to overcome this limitation. However, (i) their o ine multiplication gate has super-linear communication complexity in the number of players; (ii) the share size is doubled for the most important case, namely over Z/2Z due to infeasible lifting of self-orthogonal codes from elds to rings; (iii) most importantly, the BGW model could not be applied via the secret sharing given in [ACD+20, Asiacrypt'20] due to lack of strong multiplication. In this paper we overcome all the drawbacks mentioned above. Of independent interest, we establish an arithmetic secret sharing with strong multiplication, which is the most important primitive in the BGW model. Of independent interest, the new multiplicative triples check, introduced to solve (i), compares to [GSZ20, Crypto'20] in that it has constant latency and a di erent complexity trade-o , both in the particular case of nite elds and when lifted over rings Z/pZ. Finally, we lift Reverse Multiplication Friendly Embeddings (RMFE) from elds to rings, with same (linear) complexity. Note that RMFE has become a standard amortization technique for communication complexity in MPC in the regime over many instances of the same circuit, as in [CCXY18, Crypto'18] and [DLN19, Crypto'19]. We can thus compile existing MPC protocols over elds, including [PS21, EC'21], into ones over rings Z/2Z with same complexities. To obtain our theoretical results, we use the existence of lifts of curves over rings, then use the known results stating that Riemann-Roch spaces are free modules. To make our scheme practical, we start from good algebraic geometry codes over nite elds obtained from existing computational techniques. Then we present, and implement, an e cient algorithm to Hensel-lift the generating matrix of the code, such that the multiplicative conditions are preserved over ? Supported by Horizon 2020 74079(ALGSTRONGCRYPTO) and NSFC under grant 12031011 and the National Key Research and Development Project 2020YFA0712300 rings. On the other hand, a random lifting of codes over rings does not preserve multiplicativity in general. Finally we provide e cient methods for sharing and reconstruction over rings.


In 1943, the neuropshychologist Warren McCulloch and the mathematician Walter Pitts published the paper "A Logical Calculus of the Ideas Immanent in Nervous Activity," establishing the foundation of the neural networks. The transition from the biological neuron to the artificial one, from the perceptron to the multi-layer perceptron, from Hopfield networks to Kohonen networks, from bi-directional associative memories to Boltzmann machines, from basic radial functions to Hamming networks, represent a strong proof of the long journey in the study of the neural networks. Using the characteristics of a neural network, an overview of the works in the neural computing are included in the paperwork, namely a taxonomy of the neural networks based on a number of criteria. The paperwork includes the conclusion of the research. At the end, possible further research directions are highlighted.


We present evaluation results of packet/OTN/WDM networks employing minimum necessary packet re-aggregation and show that packet off-loading by ODU-XCs is still effective for fine-grained packet traffic insufficient for LO-ODU interfaces.


A die in accordance with various embodiments may include a metallization area located proximate an edge of the die, and an electrical connection connected to the metallization area and running from the metallization area to the edge, wherein the electrical connection is free from metal. A wafer in accordance with various embodiments may include a die region having a metallization area, a kerf region having an electric or electronic device, and an electrical connection connecting the electric or electronic device with the metallization area, wherein the electrical connection is free from metal.


This brief paper presents a 2-year-old girl with a tumor in the left buttock. The histological findings showed those of yolk sac tumor. This tumor hasbeen rarely managed in orthopedic surgery. In this case, the value of serum a-Fetoprotein was extremly high on admission and it was fluctuated with therapy. A survival period over one year has been obtained due to chemotherapy, chiefly with cis-platinum.


To evaluate current practice and outcomes of pregnancy in women previously diagnosed with Budd–Chiari syndrome and/or portal vein thrombosis, with and without concomitant portal hypertension.


(ProQuest: ... denotes non-US-ASCII text omitted.)Perpetua's Passions: Multidisciplinary Approaches to the Passio Perpetuae et Felicitatis . Edited by Jan N. Bremmer and Marco Formisano . New York : Oxford University Press , 2012. viii + 390 pp. $150.00 cloth.Book Reviews and NotesThe Passion of Perpetua and Felicity is one of the most unique early Christian texts from the Principate. The prose of the text is an account of a pogrom written in four voices--two of which claim to be first person narratives and two are by later redactors. The persecutions took place in the City of Carthage in spring of 203 when P. Aelius Hilarianus was senior procurator. The reason for this persecution is unknown. Accusations that place blame on Septimius Severus are without foundation. Nine Latin manuscripts survive and one Greek. The Latin text is earlier than the Greek and is the language of the original composition. The manuscript tradition is late; the earliest surviving manuscript is the ninth century, St. Gallen 577. Lucas Holstenius first published the text in 1663, from the late eleventh-century version in Montecassino 204. Although not widely known in the Middle Ages, the Passion has remained popular since the seventeenth century and been edited many times. There are two later hagiographic epitomes of the Passion that were popular throughout the Middle Ages called the Acta .The narrative details the arrest of five young catechumens who were seized for their refusal to sacrifice to the health of the emperor. The prisoners were condemned to the beasts and executed in the Carthage amphitheater. While imprisoned, two of the five wrote of their experiences: Perpetua, a young educated married woman likely of the curiales , and a free man, Saturus. Perpetua's eloquent and moving account of her imprisonment is the earliest surviving first person narrative written by a female. Her story confounds many of our dearly held assumptions concerning the relationships within Roman families, particularly in the depictions of her relationship with her father.Jan Bremmer and Marco Formisano edited a nineteen-essay volume that seeks to read the Passion from perspectives other than that of early Christian and Classical scholars. To that end they have recruited some individuals who have not written on the Passion before. Happily they do include essays by readers who have a deep familiarity with the text. The nineteen essays are divided into three parts: part 1: "The Martyr and her Gender"; part 2, "Authority and Testimony" and part 3, "The Text, the Canon, and the Margins." Before I describe the nature of these varied approaches, it is well to note the varied, sometimes eccentric and wide-ranging interpretations made of the Passion . This first person narrative, to paraphrase Marco Formisano's essay, exists on the margins; it resists interpretation, existing somewhere between fiction and historical fact. Perpetua's narrative complicates the hermeneutic circle between reader and narrative, drawing the reader into an interpretative frame in which the historical is often contested by the idea of the fictive. Readers' interpretations often on the most elementary issues depart from what the text states. Some essays in this present volume illustrate such interpretative distances. For example, her trip from the prison to the amphitheatre in dream four is called "subterranean," it is not (it is et coepimus ire per aspera loca et flexuosa ); the Egyptian wrestler is described as black, he is not (he is Aegyptius foedus ); there is no suggestion that Felicity is married to Revocatus; nothing is said to indicate that Perpetua's mother is Christian; and Perpetua is referred to as God's whore, when the text uses the phrase "ut Dei delicate ," making "whore" an improbable semantic choice.Bremmer and Formisano open the volume with a solid and sensible introductory essay providing much of the basis historiography associated with the Passion . …


SRAM-based embryonic electronic cell is susceptible to SEU (Single-Event Upset) in radiation space, which severely restricts its application on deep space. Based on the classic cell structure, delay comparison and dual-mode comparison are respectively used in configurable storage module and logic function module to design a novel embryonic electronic cell. The proposed method can effectively detect 1-bit and multi-bit SEUs in both configuration storage module and logic function module in real time. In addition, by using column elimination, the embryonic electronic cell array can achieve real-time self-repair in case of a fault and keep embryonic electronic array system working normally. Results of simulations in a 4-bit ripple carry adder verify the self-test ability of the embryonic electronic cell and self-repair ability of the embryonic electronic cell array. Key-Words: SRAM, embryonic electronic cell, self-test, delay comparison, dual-mode comparison, SEU


Political parties in most countries organize the political life of citizens, integrate people around ideas, ideas or leaders, create power elites and control power. In some political systems, parties are replacing public administration and other state institutions. However, there are countries where there are no political parties. Giovanni Sartori referred to such cases as "no‑party states." The purpose of the article is to find the answer to this question whether this situation prevents no‑party states citizens from participating in political decisions.


The Hamiltonian formulation of general relativity is employed to study the interaction of photons and gravitons in the first approximation. The redundant variables are eliminated by an appropriate choice of gauge and coordinate conditions. $S$-matrix elements are calculated for initial states in which one photon is present and final states in which a photon and a graviton are present. Self-energy effects appear in first order but contribute nothing. Energy and momentum can be strictly conserved only if the initial and final photons and the gravitons all propagate in the same direction. For this case the $S$-matrix elements vanish in consequence of the null character of the Maxwell field, and the transition probability is also zero. Energy need not be exactly conserved if the process occurs at a rate which is sufficiently high. Under these conditions, corresponding to energies\ensuremath{\gg}${10}^{28}$ eV, a photon might decay into another photon and a graviton. The graviton has very low energy. This cannot explain the red shift as a "tired light" phenomenon. The creation of gravitons by Coulomb scattering of photons and by scattering in a magnetostatic field is shown to occur and the cross sections are calculated.


In considering Jesus' words"Split a piece of wood; I am there"in Logion 77, I offer the thesis, based on the perspective of tradition criticism (Traditionsgeshichte), that these words were formed through interaction with the Upanisad, particularly the"father's word"in Chadgya-Upanisad 12:11, 12.My reasoning is based on the following:(1) In both words, there exists a common phrasing referring to"split a wood".(2) The"I"which we should infer from the word"wood"in the Gospel of Thomas and"[atman]"in Upanisad-of course in the former the first-person is used explicitly as a pronoun referring to Jesus, while in the latter the narrator's"father"is not directly specified-both are symbolic references to the"primary self"of human beings, and from it we can verify a structural relationship.(3) The Acts of Thomas, which shares similar ideals and was established around the same period as the Gospel of Thomas (early 3rd century), has Indian missions as its theme.(4) Although the Acts of Thomas is a missionary tale, we can establish from internal and external evidence that prior to its establishment (late 2nd century, i. e. when the Gospel of Thomas was established), there was contact between Christianity and Indian culture.


We introduce a fractional type Black–Scholes model in European options including the regularized Prabhakar derivative. We apply the reconstruction of variational iteration method to get the approximate analytical solutions for some models of generalized fractional Black–Scholes equations in terms of the generalized Mittag-Leffler functions.