Summary. In this cross-sectional study, serum osteocalcin (a biomarker of bone formation), β-CrossLaps (a biomarker of bone resorption), and 25(OH)D were assessed in 64 adults with cystic fibrosis (CF) aged 16 to 35. We evaluated relationships between these biomarkers, bone mineral density (BMD), CF-specific clinical, genetic, anthropometric and functional parameters, serum C-reactive protein (CRP), and rate of low trauma peripheral fractures. β-CrossLaps level was significantly increased while osteocalcin concentration was normal or slightly decreased. A level of 25(OH)D was normal in 9.5 % of the patients and decreased in 90.5 % of the patients. Relationships were found between β-CrossLaps, BMD of the neck and the proximal part of the thigh and gender and between 25(OH)D and CF genotype. Bone biochemical biomarkers and 25(OH)D did not correlate with F508del and CFTRdele2,3(21kb) mutations, CPR level and fracture rate. These results provide rationale for initiating antiresorptive therapy in CF patients with low BMD and fractures and for administration of high-dose vitamin D to prevent bone mass reduction.


After presenting the general view of the research, we provide an overview of its very first step aimed at identifying and defining the principal research methods used in information studies, an expression including library and archival studies in this research's perspective. The process followed includes: 1. a review of indicators of research articles as found in four different kinds of studies (content analysis of core journals and of specific journals, analysis of secondary journals, analysis of other sources); 2. the identification of the research methods listed in those studies, as well as in reviews of doctoral theses in textbooks about research and research methods in information studies, and in terminologies; 3. the definition of thirteen research methods that have been selected as important in our field after review by a panel of experts; and 4. a tentative typology of the selected research methods


A novel controller, the naturally-transitioning rate-to-force controller (NTRFC), is presented for remote telerobotic systems. The controller involves shared control with a resolved-rate algorithm running concomitantly with a force accommodation algorithm, for all Cartesian axes. When the manipulator motion is unconstrained, it performs like a rate controller, where the hand controller displacement is proportional to the manipulator rate. When the manipulator contacts the environment, the control naturally transitions to a force controller, where the hand controller displacement is proportional to the manipulator force exerted. The force accommodation enables stable equilibrium in contact, with suitable gains. The transition requires no controller change and is thus termed natural. If a force reflecting hand controller is used in conjunction with the NTRFC, the force of the operator's hand is proportional to the manipulator force exerted. The NTRFC has been shown to possess excellent control characteristics for simulated Space tasks in the laboratory.


This article traces the story of a unique Scottish experiment in Modernist architectural research in the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s: the Architecture Research Unit of Edinburgh University, one of the leaders in the UK's post-war efforts to expand the academic and professional knowledge base in architecture. One of the few architectural research and development groups based within a university, the unit was one of a series of wide-ranging initiatives by Scotland's leading Modern architect, Robert Matthew – whose pivotal role in 1970s Scottish conservation was traced in a previous issue of Architectural Heritage (XVI: 2005). In this case, in his academic capacity as Professor of Architecture and Head of the newly founded Department of Architecture at Edinburgh University, Matthew initiated and personally oversaw the activities of the Unit. This was set up in 1959, flourished intermittently throughout the 1960s, but rapidly withered away after Matthew's death in 1975. Originally, and up to 1965, it was known as ...


To improve the educational environment and the comprehensive management level of the universities, the smart campus system has been constructed based on BIM (Building Information Modeling) and 3DGIS (Geographic Information System) platform in this study. Using Autodesk Revit software to build model relied on BIM technology and Skyline software to design the spatial database relied on 3DGIS technology. A 3D visualization campus information system called smart campus was constructed, which provides feasible solutions for constructing smart campus.


Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have achieved remarkable success in computer vision, making them a dominant classifier for ensemble learning in numerous Kaggle competitions. Nevertheless, this work aims to explore a convolution-free base classifier that can be used to widen the variations of the conventional ensemble classifier. Specifically, we propose Vision Transformers as base classifiers to combine with CNNs for a unique ensemble solution in Kaggle's kinship recognition. The idea behind the proposed solution is based on the belief that: If we achieve a lower correlation between base classifiers by using a particular method, such as by introducing a different model which calculates the prediction using different methods, the final ensemble classifier can achieve a greater boost. In this paper, we verify our proposed idea by implementing and optimizing variants of the Vision Transformer model on top of the existing CNN models. The combined models achieve better scores than conventional ensemble classifiers based solely on CNN variants. We demonstrate that highly optimized CNN ensembles publicly available on the Kaggle Discussion board can easily achieve a significant boost in ROC score by simply introducing variants of the Vision Transformer model to the ensemble because of its low correlation magnitude between the CNNs in this experiment. In addition, we also conclude that the convolution-free Vision Transformer may even be used as an additional booster classifier to an already highly optimal ensemble of only CNN models to further boost the competitor's ranking.


A combustion method for the rapid determination of C/sup 14/ in organic and biological materials is presented. The sample is burned in a combustion tube, and the CO/sup 2/ is absorbed. The absorbed solution was titrated for the determination of the total carbon, and C/sup 14/ was determined in BaCO/sub 3/ precipitated from the solution. (J.S.R.)


Identifying transmission of hot spots with temporal trends is important for reducing infectious disease propagation. Cluster analysis is a particularly useful tool to explore underlying stochastic processes between observations by grouping items into categories by their similarity. In a study of epidemic propagation, clustering geographic regions that have similar time series could help researchers track diffusion routes from a common source of an infectious disease. In this article, we propose a two‐stage scan statistic to classify regions into various geographic clusters by their temporal heterogeneity. The proposed scan statistic is more flexible than traditional methods in that contiguous and nonproximate regions with similar temporal patterns can be identified simultaneously. A simulation study and data analysis for a dengue fever infection are also presented for illustration.


This article describes the highway improvement scheme proposed for the A565, part of Merseyside Development Corporation's "Atlantic Avenue" regeneration area in North Liverpool, which is notable for a number of aspects of its concept and design. In particular, it is being promoted by Merseyside Development Corporation as a major scheme on the national primary route network, involving a section of Trunk Road. Because of this and in keeping with the regeneration objectives of the Corporation, the scheme has been designed to give greater priority to environmental improvement, local accessibility and economic development. The progress of the project has involved detailed negotiations with the three highway authorities affected and a comprehensive assessment of the costs and wider benefits associated with the scheme.


Hantaan virus(HTNV) causes hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome(HFRS) with a case fatality rate ranging from <1 to 15 % in human. HantavaxR is a vaccine against the Hantavirus, which has been conditionally approved by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety(MFDS). However, only 50 % of volunteers had neutralizing antibodies 1 year following the boost. Effective antiviral treatments against HTNV infection are limited. Hantaviruses generally cause asymptomatic infection in adult mice. On the other hand, infection of suckling and newborn mice with hantaviruses causes lethal neurological diesease or persistant infection, which is different from the disease in humans. The development of vaccines and antiviral strategies for HTNV has been partly hampered by the lack of an efficient lethal mouse model to evaluate the efficacy of the candidate vaccines or antivirals. In this report, we established a lethal mouse model for HTNV, which may facilitate in vivo studies on the evaluation of candidate drugs against HTNV. The median lethal dose value of HTNV was calculated by probit analysis of deaths occurring within two weeks. Five groups of ten ICR mice were injected intracranially with serial 2-fold dilutions (from 50 to 3.125 PFU/head) of HTNV. Mice injected with HTNV began to die at 8 days post-infection. The lethal dose required to kill 50 % of the mice (LD50) was calculated to be 2.365 PFU/head.


The purpose of this investigation was to see if a series of the iodinated p-alkylated phenols could be prepared. These compounds would probably be of the type if substitution of a single iodine atom occurs. Substitution of two atoms of iodine would produce compounds of the type.


Slides from session on Standards Updates at NISO Plus 2020Session description: Standards are at the heart of what NISO does, and we rely on our community to help us decide what is needed and why, to develop new standards, and to update existing ones. These sessions are your opportunity to engage directly with representatives from some of our current working groups and committees, starting with JATS, JATS4R, STS, and SSOS (see https://www.niso.org/standards-committees for more information on each of these).


We present an iterative method for solving large sparse nonsymmetric linear systems of equations that enhances Manteuflel's adaptive Chebyshev method with a conjugate gradient-like method. The new method replaces the modified power method for computing needed eigenvalue estimates with Arnoldi's method, which can be used to simultaneously compute eigenvalues and to improve the approximate solution. Convergence analysis and numerical experiments suggest that the method is more efficient than the original adaptive Chebyshev algorithm.


Teacher education is an everlasting topic.Technology-based teacher education has experienced four periods of development: supported by language in the hunting and gathering era;supported by writing in the agricultural era;normal education supported by print technology in modern times;and supported by electronic technology and digital technique in contemporary times.We believe that the development of technology can meet the need of teacher education,and promote its effectiveness.


The properties of the Y1Ba2Cu3O72x biepitaxial Josephson junctions were reproducibly modified by a focused electron beam irradiation of the interface region. The junctions were fabricated by depositing Y1Ba2Cu3O72x thin film by cylindrical magnetron sputtering technique on the ~110! SrTiO3 substrate, partially covered by a pregrown MgO seed layer. The junction parameters can be adjusted controllably by applying an appropriate dose. Electron irradiation decreased the critical current of the junctions IC and increased the normal state resistance times area to values of the order of 1(m V cm). Some other effects, such as the disappearance of the excess current, were also observed. The original properties of the junctions could be partly restored by isothermal annealing. We also speculate that some aspects of the nature of the grain boundary barriers can be better understood from the study of the properties of irradiated junctions. © 1997 American Institute of Physics. @S0003-6951~97!03127-6#


Please check your proof carefully and mark all corrections at the appropriate place in the proof (e.g., by using on-screen annotation in the PDF file) or compile them in a separate list. Note: if you opt to annotate the file with software other than Adobe Reader then please also highlight the appropriate place in the PDF file. To ensure fast publication of your paper please return your corrections within 48 hours. Any queries or remarks that have arisen during the processing of your manuscript are listed below and highlighted by flags in the proof. Click on the 'Q' link to go to the location in the proof. The reference given here is cited in the text but is missing from the reference list – please make the list complete or remove the reference from the text: Dayan et al. Please complete and update the reference given here (preferably with a DOI if the publication data are not known): Jacobs et al. (submitted for publication). For references to articles that are to be included in the same (special) issue, please add the words 'this issue' wherever this occurs in the list and, if appropriate, in the text. Q1 Please confirm that given names and surnames have been identified correctly. Q2 Please check the address and telephone number for the corresponding author that has been added here, and correct if necessary. is cited in the text but not provided in the reference list. Please provide it in the reference list or delete the citation from the text. Q4 Please check the hierarchy of the section headings. Q5 The text " supplementary information " is appearing in the text. However, the same has not been provided. Please check, and provide if necessary. Q6 Please note that Fig. 2 was not cited in the text. Please check that the citation suggested by the copyeditor is in the appropriate place, and correct if necessary. Q7 Reference details given below tables have been set in 'References' section. Please check, and correct if necessary. Q8 Please provide volume number in refs. Costafreda et al. (2007) and Davey et al. (2011). Q9 Please update Ref. Jacobs et al. (submitted for publication). Q10 Please check the layout of Table 2, and correct if necessary. Please check this box if you have no corrections to make to the PDF file Thank you for your assistance. The amygdala exerts top-down effects …


Wavefronts and Rays as Characteristics and Asymptotics, by A. Bona and M.A. Slawinski, Singapore, World Scientific, 2011, 276 pp., £62 (hardback), ISBN 978-9-814-29551-2. Scope: monograph. Level: r...


Action to the height of the support surface of the support pins to provide easy PCB supporting device. The support surface of the support pins mounted to the pin support table, the mark imaging device, captured by the first imaging position where the imaging center of which is scheduled to coincide with the center of the supporting surface, the axis of the support pin on the basis of the captured removing the influence of the direction of the displacement perpendicular to the imaging center to image the support surface at a second imaging position a predetermined distance away in the X-axis direction from the center of the support surface. In the second imaging position, the image of the support surface is formed at a position corresponding to the height of the supporting surface of the imaging plane, determine the height for the mark imaging device of the supporting surface based on the positional deviation amount for a set height There is judged the propriety of the height of the support pin by whether within the allowable range, notifies if inappropriate.


As the study on interior structure and operating characters was deficient in China fuel oil futures market,the dynamic relationships among volatility,volume and open interest were empirically studied through GARCH model,variance decompose,impulse response function and so on.The results show that volume play important roles in explaining volatility.One can forecast volatility by the variability of past volume.The current open interest can explain volatility too;the volatility would decrease if the current open interest increases.On the contrary,the lagged open interest performs no function in explaining the volatility, that is to say,it is impossible to forecast the future price by historical open interest.Considering volume and open interest simultaneously,the volatility would increase if current volume increases,conversely,the volatility would decrease if current volume decreases.The function to volatility that current open interest performs when trading volume and open interest increase together is lesser than when volume increases while open interest doesn't increase.Furthermore,the lagged volume and the lagged open interest perform nothing to volatility.In variance decomposition,residual disturbance of volatility is mainly caused by itself; the volatility has effect on open interest;the volume and open interest have obvious effect on each other.In the end,the impulse response graphs imply that our fuel oil futures market is in accord with the mixture of distributions hypothesis,and the price effect of market depth is temporal.


Introduction. The article provides an overview of the legal regulation of copyright protection using technical means of protection. German law states that technical means of copyright protection are technologies, devices, and their components. Such technical means are created to prevent or impede illegal actions of users that are not authorized by the copyright holder in relation to the results of intellectual activity. At the same time the legislator pays special attention to the fact that the distinguishing criterion of a technical means of protection against other methods of protection is effectiveness. In the article the authors analyze the legal consolidation of the specified criterion as a distinctive feature of technical means of copyright protection, and also consider the concept and cases of bypassing technical means of protection provided for by German law. Materials and methods. The methodological basis of the research is formed by the following general scientific and special methods of cognition of legal phenomena and processes in the field of intellectual law: the method of system-structural analysis; method of synthesis of social and legal phenomena; comparative legal method; formal logical method. Results. As a result of the analysis it was revealed that according to German law the distinguishing feature of technical means of copyright protection from other methods of protection is the criterion of effectiveness. A technical protection device is recognized by the German legislator as effective if the technical protection device cannot be bypassed without the consent of the copyright holder. In the context of the effectiveness of a technical means of protection, German legislation broadly defines the concept of circumvention of technical means. German copyright law, unlike other foreign jurisdictions, contains provisions prohibiting the removal of a technical remedy.Discussions and Conclusions. The main criteria for technical means of copyright protection under German law have been studied, the fundamental of which is the criterion of the effectiveness of a technical means. Cases of circumvention of technical means of copyright protection provided for by German law have been identified. The legal regulation of the ban on the removal of technical means of protection has been explored.


This paper reviews the contribution of the Tavistock Institute of Human Relations to the development of industrial sociology. Four major contributions are discussed: the development of an `open socio-technical systems' model of the industrial organization; the study of industrial work groups, particularly with reference to different forms of social organization within the same technological limits; the elaboration of ideas concerning management organization; and discussion of the sources of resistance to change in organizations, and means for handling them. Much of the research has been carried out in combination with consultancy and this has affected the sorts of problems examined and the modes of explanation attempted: the emphasis has necessarily been on social problems as defined by the `directorate' of an enterprise; there has been little discussion of industrial conflict and industrial relations, and insufficient attention to the structure of the wider society; sociological and psychological/psycho-analytical problems and explanations have not always been kept sufficiently distinct; and insufficient attention has been given to the work of others in this field. Despite important limitations the contribution is a distinctive and valuable one.


soon began the study of medicine at Glasgow University and Anderson's College with a view to proceeding abroad as a medical missionary. He qualified in 1878 under the Triple Board, when circumstances led him to give up the idea of the foreign field, and he started practice in Glasgow. In 1891 he took his M.D. degree at St. Andrews University. In his earlier days he devoted much time to work connected with the


Abstract The aim of this essay is to establish some provisionary points of articulation for a "non-philosophical" critique of Althusser's theory of ideology. It builds on Ernesto Laclau's argument that Althusser's ISA essay is symptomatic of the ideology of ideological critique. Althusser argues that Ideological State Apparatuses (ISAs), such as the school, political parties, and cultural institutions, and Repressive State Apparatuses (RSAs), such as the police and army, produce the "subject," which willingly submits to power. Althusser thus reduces the plurality of ideological instances to a single equivalent: the constitution and category of the subject. My argument explores the metaphoricity that underwrites this equivalential (and ideological) dimension. Drawing principally on the work of François Laruelle, I argue that the chain of technical metaphors that Althusser employs signifies a metaphorical condition that Laruelle terms photographism. By imaging ideology, particularly via the scene of "interpellation," Althusser's theory appears to capture ideology as such as an image as if the entire theoretical apparatus was a kind of philosophico-photographic apparatus. Following Laruelle, I argue that his photographism is symptomatic of the ideology of standard philosophy as such.


Alfred system suggests that ear shape can be used as a unique and comparable feature for identity recognition. In this paper, we aim to extract ear shape features for recognition. Active Shape Models (ASMs) is applied to model the shape and local appearance of the ear in a statistical manner. In addition, steerable features are extracted from the ear image ahead of ASMs. Steerable features encode rich discriminant information of the local structural texture and provide accurate guidance for shape location. Eigenearshape is used for final classification. Experiments on an ear database show an encouraging performance. Some experiments on double ears combined for recognition are also carried out, and indicate that the fusion outperforms either ear alone.


In this paper the origins caused the temperature cracks are briefly discussed. The general regularity of temperature cracks produced in brick masonry structure is analyzed. And based on this some design principles are proposed to control this cracks and further understanding is acquired for corresponding codes.


The musical Wicked, which opened on Broadway in 2003 and is the top-grossing musical of the twenty-first century, features certain elements of a contemporary megamusical, including spectacular visual effects, musical themes that thread through the score, and global capitalist marketing, distribution, and production practices. But, as I demonstrate in this essay, Wicked's narrative and musical structure relies on the building blocks of the "integrated" musical developed and conventionalized during the 1940s and 1950s by Rodgers and Hammerstein and their peers. By starring two women as its principal characters, and by employing mid-twentieth-century musicals' conventions of speech, music, lyrics, and dance, this prequel to The Wizard of Oz tells a queer and feminist romance. This essay explores recent scholarship on musical theatre to consider how Wicked navigates the politics of race, how it represents a remarkably appealing girl protagonist, and how it interpellates its audience through old conventions to tell a new and progressive story.


Background: Rho-kinase plays a crucial role in the development of cardiac hypertrophy and failure. However, possible different roles of myocardial Rho-kinase isoforms, ROCK1 and ROCK2, remain to be...


The Stokes constants for arbitrary-order phase-integral approximations are calculated when the square of the wave number has either two simple zeros close to a second-order pole or one simple zero close to a first-order pole. The treatment is based on uniform approximations. All parameters may assume general complex values.


during the fi rst round of interviews at the University of Toronto during phase one. Results from phase one were used to re fi ne the interview guide, to be used in phase two, to ensure that all potential areas of thematic generation were touched upon. Phase two occurred at the University of Toronto and McMaster University using the re fi ned interview guide. All transcripts were coded, analyzed, and collapsed into themes. Data analysis was guided by a constructivist grounded theory based in a relativist paradigm. Results: Thematic analysis revealed fi ve themes. Residents and staff alike described acquiring the skills of supervision and assessment passively, primarily through modeling the behaviours of others; the training that is available in these areas is variably used, creating a diversity of physician comfort levels within these two competencies; the many competing priorities in the emergency department represent signi fi cant barriers to improving supervision and assessment; providing negative feedback is universally dif fi cult and often avoided, sometimes resulting in struggling trainees not being identi fi ed until late in residency; the move towards competency based education (CBE) will act as an impetus for more formal curriculum being required in these areas. Conclusion: As residency programs transition to a CBE model, there will be a greater need for formal training in supervision and assessment to achieve a standard level of comfort and competence among senior residents physicians in independent practice. These competencies will also need an emphasis on how to identify struggling trainees, and how to approach negative and constructive feedback. NPs work in the STCH ED and the NP led Emergency Department Transition (EDT) Clinic in Ambulatory Care. In the ED NPs provide direct clinical care, judicious review of DI and microbiology reports, and care coordination for patients at risk of lost to follow up. The EDT clinic is an innovative NP lead clinic with the purpose of providing timely, high-quality follow up care for ED patients. Methods: Data for the service delivery indicators came from data repo-sitory and manual data collection looking at the following outcomes: timely review of DI/micro results; decreased ED visits for non-urgent/ emergent issues; safe transitions in care and improved patient satisfaction. Quantitative data from service delivery, patient and surveys were analyzed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS 19. Results: From June 2016 to January 2017 ED NPs at STCH reviewed 3000 positive microbiology reports and made 517 f/u calls to those patients, and reviewed 3181 DI results. This has freed up approximately 2 hrs per day of ED physician time. When NPs were working in the ED, the number of patients who left without treatment (LWT) was approximately 50% less, and improved STCH ED wait times to be among the lowest in the Edmonton Zone. From June 2016 to January 2017, EDT NPs completed 837 patient visits; 371 letters to family physicians (FPs); 215 referrals; and connected 520 patients to a new FP. Patient satisfaction survey show 88-90% of the patients were satis fi ed with their care. Conclusion: NPs are integral members of the ED team at STCH, providing direct clinical care and several valuable follow up services for ED patients. The EDT clinic provides urgent follow up for ED patients unable to get a timely appointment with their FP or no access to primary care. The clinic also prevents unnecessary returns to ED, and aids to bridge ED services to family physicians or specialist. NPs are the common thread through all departments at STCH, contributing to quality improvement and high patient satisfaction. diagnoses of diagnoses coding. In this study ICD-10 codes were not reliable for the diagnosis of PE, with 42.1% of PE diagnoses being false positives. Similar coding errors are likely for other diagnoses that require waits for con fi rmatory imaging (e.g. appendicitis). Nosologist coding of physician free text diagnoses is challenging and prone to errors. Consequently, validation of ICD-10 coding prior to analysis of administrative datasets is crucial for meaningful results. Introduction: It is critical for planning, clinical care and resource optimization to understand patterns of emergency department (ED) utilization. Individuals who have experienced adverse childhood experiences (ACE) are known to have more unhealthy behaviors and worse health outcomes as adults and therefore may be more frequent ED users. Adverse childhood experiences include physical, sexual and emotional abuse or neglect, substance abuse in the family, witnessing violence, having a parent incarcerated or parents getting divorced or separated. To date there are few studies exploring the relationship between ACE and ED utilization. Methods: This a mixed qualitative and quantitative study. It includes analysis of data collected through a survey, a retrospective chart review and focus group discussions. The survey was administered to a convenience sample of adult patients (CTAS 2-5) presenting to EDs in Kingston Ontario, and consisted of two validated tools that measured exposure to ACE and resiliency. Demographic data and ED utilization frequency for 12 months prior to the index visit were extracted from an electronic medical record for each patient completing the survey. A sample of participants with a high ACE burden (ACE score > 4) were invited to participate in focus groups to explore their experiences of care in the ED. Demographic, ED utilization and health status data were summarized and statistically signi fi cant patterns between high ACE and lower ACE patients were determined using Chi2t or t-tests. Transcripts from the focus groups were thematically analyzed using NVivo software by 2 independent researchers. Results: 1693 surveys were collected, 301 (18%) were deemed to have a high ACE score, data analysis is ongoing. The primary outcome is the relationship between ACE and the frequency of ED utilization among adult patients presenting to EDs in Kingston, ON. Secondary outcomes include evaluating the role of resilience as a potential mitigating factor, describing the demographics of high ACE burden frequent ED visitors, and the experiences of care for individuals with high ACE burden in the ED. These outcomes will be utilized to inform hypotheses for future studies and potential interventions aimed at optimizing ED utilization and patient care experience. Conclusion: This study provides novel insight into the relationship between ACE burden and ED utilization while also describing the demographics and experiences of care for ED patients with a high ACE score. Data analysis is on-going. abstract presents preliminary results on the qualitative component of an ED-based mixed methods pilot study. The objective of this qualitative component is to develop and test an interview guide to collect qualitative data on physicians perceptions about unmet palliative care (PC) and end of life care (EOLC) needs in EDs. Methods: A scan of the literature on PC and EOLC in EDs was conducted to develop propositions about what might be expected through the clinician interviews, as well as an interview guide. The interview guide will be piloted with up to four ED physicians. During the interview each physician will describe a case where a PC patient had unmet care needs and the impacts they believe these unmet needs had on patients and families. Interview transcripts will be coded descriptively and then conceptually themed by the researcher who conducted the interview. Interpretations drawn from the interview data, with supporting quotations and comparison to initial propositions, will be presented to members of the research team with experience providing ED care, for further interpretation. Advice of a second trained qualitative researcher will be sought on the richness and relevance of data obtained and how the interview guide could be improved to elicit richer and/or more relevant data. A revised interview guide will be produced alongside rationales for why the proposed revisions will elicit richer data. Results: After reviewing 27 articles on PC and EOLC, propositions and an initial interview guide were developed based on themes from the literature and the study groups experiences. One of the primary results of this pilot work will be an enhanced understanding of PC and EOLC in our local ED context, as re fl ected in an interview guide revised to elicit richer data than achieved through the initial interview guide. Conclusion: The comparison between our propositions and the study fi ndings will help identify how biases may have in fl uenced interview questions and/or the interpretation of the data. This pilot work to develop an interview guide enhances the rigour of this qualitative work on unmet PC and EOLC needs in EDs. The results will be compared to a quantitative serum hCG assay and urine. If these tests are not done as part of the patients medical care, the patient will be contacted one month after to enquire if the patient is pregnant or not. The sensitivity, speci fi city, positive and negative predictive values will be calculated. Results: Data colleciton will begin in January 2018. Conclusion: No conclusions can yet be drawn.


Reconstructing scanned geometry is an important operation in geometry processing. Volumetric algorithms reconstruct the object volume by transforming range images into global coordinates and using scanline algorithms to build a scalar field that can be isocontoured to obtain the surface [Curless and Levoy 1996].


In this paper,SWATH's(Small-Waterplane-Area-Twin-Hull)cylinder and pillar layout is analysed detailed by theoretical calculations,model tests to select from a series of combinations of the main parameters for high-speed hull form.The SWATH sailing stability theoryanalysis,calculated SWATH instability the critical speed for high-speed stage large Munch torque which caused instability problems,and solve the problem by use aft and fore stability fins,fins configuration was chosen from which resistance and stability performance well improved.Through research,to solve the length Froude number Fn~0.8 highspeed SWATH key technical problems need to be resolved,the research results can be used for the design and application of high-speed SWATH catamaran.


Condor 85: l 2-2 I © The Cooper Ornithological Society I983 BREEDING BIOLOGY OF THE XANTUS' MURRELET KELVIN G. MURRAY KATHY WINNETT-MURRAY ZOE A. EPPLEY GEORGE L. HUNT, JR. AND DOUGLAS B. SCHWARTZ ABSTRACT.—Xantus' Murrelets (Synthliboramphus [Endomychural hypoleu- cus) were studied on Santa Barbara Island, California from 1975 to 1979. Clutch initiation occurred from March to June and usually peaked in April. The two- egg clutch was 45% of the female's weight. Eggs were laid eight days apart. Both sexes shared duties during a 34-day incubation period; partners relieved one another every three to four days. Eggs were typically left unattended in the interval between laying of successive eggs, immediately after clutch completion, and spo- radically during incubation. Breeders and non—breeders of both sexes followed similar patterns of weight change, reflecting similar patterns of colony attendance; murrelets lost weight after the egg-laying period, then gradually gained weight through the rest of the breeding season. The downy young left the nest only two nights after hatching, unfed and weighing less than 30 g. Chicks and their parents apparently moved well offshore their first night at sea. Even though most murrelets on Santa Barbara nested in concealed rock crevices, irregular nest attendance patterns left eggs vulnerable to predation, resulting in the loss of 44% of the eggs laid. Predation by deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) is currently the greatest risk to the breeding of these murrelets on Santa Barbara Island. The Family Alcidae is unusual for its diversity of breeding habits and the range of develop- mental patterns in its young (Sealy 1972, 1973a). Most alcids have semiprecocial young that develop thermoregulatory abilities early, but that remain in the nest until reaching about 90% of adult weight (Sealy 1973a). In contrast, the murrelets of the genus Synthliboramphus (now including Endomychura; A.O.U. I982) represent the extreme of precociality; their young go to sea within days of hatching, at about 15% of adult weight. These murrelets are also unusual in that they produce two young and typically forage far from the colony during the breeding season (Sealy 19753, 1976, Hunt et al. 1979). Sealy (I972) proposed that in alcids the eco- logical advantage of taking their young to olf- shore foraging areas is the primary selective force for precociality. With precocial young able to travel to foraging areas, feeding rates are presumably higher than if adults had to bring food back to the nest (Scott 1973). Murres (Uria spp.), which go to sea feathered and at 20% of adult weight, have higher growth rates at sea than when the adults feed them in the nest (Varoujean et al. 1979). Cody(l97l, 1973) proposed that precociality is also an adapta- tion to reduce predation on nestlings. If mor- tality at sea for young birds under parental care is low, then the two-egg clutch and precocial young of the S ynthliboramphus murrelets may allow them to rear twice as many young as other seabirds that forage offshore. This paper presents new information on the breeding biology of Xantus' Murrelets (S. hy- poleucus). By examining aspects of their life history in relation to hypotheses for the de- velopment of precociality in the alcids, we hoped to identify some of the costs and benefits associated with this breeding pattern. Before our study, only anecdotal information on the breeding biology of Xantus' Murrelets was available (Lamb I909, Howell l9l7, Bent I919). Two other murrelets with similar breeding habits and precocial young have been studied: the Ancient Murrelet (S. antiquus; Sealy I976) and Craveri's Murrelet (S. [En- domychural craveri; DeWeese and Anderson 1976). DISTRIBUTION Xantus' Murrelets nest on ofl'shore islands be- tween central Baja California and Point Con- ception, California (A.O.U. 1957, Udvardy 1963, Jehl and Bond 1975). On the California Channel Islands only S. h. scrippsi breeds reg- ularly (Jehl and Bond 1975, Winnett et al. 1979). Santa Barbara Island is the site of the species' largest breeding colony, which we es- [121


Purpose: To report a case of percutaneous balloon angioplasty (PTA) performed in the second metatarsal artery for treatment of a non-healing forefoot wound without proximal intervention. Methods and Results: An 80-year-old diabetic woman with a 1.5 year history of a non-healing right second digit ulcer refractory to conservative management underwent a lower extremity arteriogram. Angiography demonstrated unobstructed flow from the aortic bifurcation through to the pedal arch, with an isolated occluded segment in the second metatarsal artery wound supply. This was treated with 1.5 mm balloon angioplasty, with completion angiography demonstrating restored flow to the wound base. There were no procedural events and the wound completely healed after 9 months. Conclusion: Isolated angioplasty of the arteries distal to the pedal arch may be technically feasible and clinically valuable in selected cases.


The cell surface density of Kir1.1 channels is precisely regulated to maintain potassium balance. Our recent studies in Xenopus oocytes indicate that phosphorylation of an N‐terminal residue, S44, stimulates forward trafficking to override endoplasmic reticulum localization (Yoo et al, JBC '05). In the present study, we have sought to identify the structural basis for ROMK ER‐localization in mammalian cells. A Chimeric strategy with Kir 1.1 and a related channel, Kir2.1, which is constitutively expressed on the plasmalemma, was employed. Swapping both cytoplasmic N‐ and C‐termini of Kir2.1 to ROMK were required to redirect Kir1.1 from the ER to plasmalemma. The C‐terminus of Kir 1.1 contains a basic amino‐acid cluster, resembling an ER‐localization signal, not found in Kir 2.1. Mutagenic neutralization of the basic‐residue motif caused a Kir 1.1/2.1 chimera, composed almost entirely of Kir 1.1 but containing the N‐terminus of Kir 2.1, to translocate to the plasmalemma. These observations suggest Kir 1.1 contains a C‐terminal ER‐localization signal and support our working model that phosphorylation of serine 44 drives an export step early in the secretory pathway to override an independent endoplasmic reticulum localization signal.


Since its introduction by Svensson in 1959, the power law curve y = ax b (where x and y are horizontal and vertical direction, respectively) has been widely used in morphological analysis of glacial trough cross-profiles. The numerical constants a and b are obtained by a linear regression analysis of the logarithmic form of the power law curve (ln y = ln a+ b ln x). The value b then gives a measure for the form of the cross-section. However, over the years this form of the power law has endured a lot of criticism. This criticism is well founded, since this particular form of the power law is not suitable for cur ve fitting in morphological analyses. In this paper a general power law is proposed, of the form y- y0 = ax- x0 b (where x0, y0 are the coordinates of the origin of the cross-profile). A unique and unbiased solution for this equation is obtained with a general least-squares method, thereby minimizing the error between the cross-profile data and the curve, and not between the logarithmic transform of the data and its regression line. This provides a robust way to characterize trough cross-section forms. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


A detection kit of target bio material is provided to make the movement of peak position on the reflection/transmission spectrum enlarge and accurately measure with a small amount of sample. A kit for detecting a target bio material comprises: a grating layer on a substrate, a resonance reflection light filter; and a nanocomposite containing nanoparticle and linker. A method for detecting the target bio material comprises; a step of providing the resonance reflection light filter; a step of contacting a trapping layer of resonance reflection light filter with sample containing target bio material; and a step of contacting the nanocomposite containing a nanoparticle and linker with the target bio material.


"World-wide, the family business constitutes the most prevalent form of business organization" (Poutziouris et al. 2004, p. 7). Alpine tourism is also dominated by smalland medium-sized enterprises (SME), among which family firms represent the majority (Astrachan and Shanker 2003). Family firms are urged to perform business, strategic, and succession planning for their survival (Knight 1993). Planning for the integration of the younger generation into the family firm is an issue of strategic importance. The purpose of this article is to report the results of a qualitative study among owners of family businesses, interest groups and consultants in order to explore ways in which family internal succession in family businesses can be accomplished successfully.


Mounting evidence suggests a role for matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐2 in the malignant progression of breast cancer cells. We previously showed that H‐Ras, but not N‐Ras, induced invasion and migration of MCF10A human breast epithelial cells through H‐Ras‐specific activation of Rac‐MKK3/6‐p38 MAPK pathway resulted in MMP‐2 up‐regulation. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the transcriptional regulation of MMP‐2 by p38 MAPK pathway leading to the invasive and migrative phenotypes of MCF10A breast epithelial cells. By using 5′ deletion mutant constructs of MMP‐2 promoter, we showed that the AP‐1 binding site is critical for the MMP‐2 promoter activation in MKK6‐ and H‐Ras‐activated MCF10A cells. DNA binding and transcriptional activities of AP‐1 were increased by MKK6 or H‐Ras. We revealed the activating transcription factor (ATF)2 as a transcription factor for MMP‐2 gene expression through binding to the functional AP‐1 site. Activation of ATF2 by MKK6 or H‐Ras was crucial for MMP‐2 promoter activity as well as induction of invasive and migrative phenotypes in MCF10A cells. This is the first report revealing ATF2 as an essential transcription factor linking MKK3/6‐p38 MAPK signaling pathway to MMP‐2 up‐regulation, providing evidence for a direct role of ATF2 activation in malignant phenotypic changes of human breast epithelial cells.


In this paper, the fouling of sintered α-alumina membranes by an uncontaminated semisynthetic metalworking fluid (MWF) is addressed. Experimental evidence of the form of flux reduction curves, scanning electron microscope images of the membranes, and MWF particle size measurements is used to identify two fouling mechanisms, pore blocking and partial pore blocking, as the major contributors to flux decline. A probability-based mechanistic model is developed based on the time-dependent particle size distribution and membrane pore sizes. The model is fitted to experimental data from two commonly used membrane pore sizes with good agreement. Partial blocking is shown to be a predominant first step in the pore blocking mechanism in microfiltration of semisynthetic MWFs due to the tortuous nature of the pores present in sintered ceramic membranes.


Fission-cross-section excitation functions were measured from near threshold to approx. 10 MeV/nucleon using heavy-ion beams from the Brookhaven National Laboratory three-stage Tandem Accelerator Facility. The systems studied included /sup 210/Po formed in /sup 12/C and /sup 18/O induced reactions, /sup 186/Os formed in /sup 9/Be, /sup 12/C, /sup 16/O, and /sup 26/Mg reactions, /sup 158/Er formed in /sup 16/O, /sup 24/Mg, /sup 32/S, and /sup 64/Ni reactions. In addition the composite systems /sup 204/ /sup 206/, /sup 208/Po formed with /sup 16/O and /sup 18/O projectiles were studied. The measured fission excitation functions along with previous data from /sup 4/He and /sup 11/B bombardments for the /sup 186/Os and /sup 210/Po systems and recent data on the /sup 200/Pb system are compared to predictions from a statistical model using recent fission-barrier calculations from A. Sierk. Comparisons of calculated and measured fission excitation functions show good overall agreement between data and calculations and between calculations with two different level-density functions. It is concluded that the barriers from Sierk give a good description of both the mass and angular momentum dependence of fission barriers in this region.


For ${\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ mesons bound in the $K$ shell of light nuclei of atomic number $Z$, we calculate the decay electron spectrum accurately up to the first power in $Z$, both for point and extended nuclei. The decay rate is evaluated accurately up to the second power for point nuclei. Our results for the spectrum show the Doppler smearing of its upper end as obtained previously, and demonstrate the small effect of the nuclear extension. The decay rate is obtained as a monotonically decreasing function of $Z$, and we cannot explain recent experiments which show a maximum of the decay rate around $Z\ensuremath{\sim}26$. We also find that the decay rate in second order decreases much more slowly with $Z$ than what would be obtained from a phase space consideration alone.


We show that the number of conjugacy classes of intersections $A\cap B^g$, for fixed finitely generated subgroups $A, B<F$ of a free group, is bounded above in terms of the ranks of $A$ and $B$; this confirms an intuition of Walter Neumann. This result was previously known only in the case where $A$ or $B$ is cyclic by the $w$-cycles theorem of Helfer and Wise and, independently, Louder and Wilton. In order to prove our main theorem, we introduce new results regarding the structure of fibre products of finite graphs. We work with a generalised definition of graph immersions so that our results apply to the theory of regular languages. For example, we give a new algorithm to decide non-emptiness of the intersection of two regular languages.


In an interface that enables an intelligent machine to bring a thing to a human in response to the human's manipulation, the intelligent machine's approaching motion is required to take account of the human's state of mind to serve effectively as his or her companion. In this paper, the patterns of intelligent machine motion are determined by adopting transfer functions that consider finger position directing operation as input, the target positions of intelligent machine as output. By changing the transfer function or adjustable parameters, differences are seen in the response characteristics of the intelligent machine. Therefore, it can be expected to give a different impression in human. Motion properties of the intelligent machine, which is appropriate for human states of mind, are examined using SD method. As a result, human feelings to the intelligent machine generated by human instructions are represented by the factors of "lively" and "mild". In addition, two patterns of transfer function with appropriate parameters, which can form desirable movements considering human psychology, are identified.


In order to develop a new technology for denitrifying leachate by using fatty acid compounds (FAC), a water quality model was developed by considering balances of nitrogen, dissolved oxygen, carbon, phosphorus and denitrification bacteria involved in leachate denitrification. FAC is expected to function not only as a donor of hydrogen and carbon to nourish and activate denitrification bacteria but also as a reducer of nitrified leachate. Prior to the present study, performance of FAC for denitrifying leachate was confirmed in a laboratory experiment under various conditions of leachate loading discharge and nutrients. Time-dependent behaviours of water quality observed in the experiment were successfully reproduced by the model with high accuracy. The model also provides a solution of denitrification performance as a function of hydraulic retention time, HRT. The proposed water quality model is expected to be a useful engineering tool for planning, designing and constructing a cost-saving leachate treatment system.


Ab initio calculations at the MP2 level with effective core potentials have been used to study the relative stabilities of classical and nonclassical isomers of 14 second- and third-row transition-metal polyhydride complexes with the formula ML 8-n H n , where n=47 and L=PH 3 . Results show that the model complexes are divided into two groups. One group has as its most stable structure a classical one with the maximum coordination number, while the other has as its most stable structure a nonclassical one with an octahedral geometry


Bluetooth is a kind of short-range wireless communication technology. When embeded in computers, information household appliances and all kinds of mobile devices, Bluetooth can bring users huge convenience, and using the Bluetooth technology in place of cables between devices can promote the wireless mobile data communication service. This paper presents an overview of the Bluetooth technology and takes the implementation of the Bluetooth technology in remote controllers for example to show how to implement the Bluetooth application models.


The argument that I sustain here can be formulated in a few words. The western European countries, having achieved their national integration a long time ago, find themselves today in a postnationalistic phase, aspiring to supranational cooperation as a consequence of their profound processes of economic, social, cultural, and political interpenetration. In each western European country the nationalistic attitude toward other western European countries is in a phase of erosion, in the sense that the trait no longer appears as a basic characteristic of the civic culture. Nationalism is still the most significant basic political value in the contemporary world, but not in western Europe.


This paper discusses the spectral properties of the self‐adjoint differential operator generated by the fourth‐order Bessel‐type differential expression, as defined by Everitt and Markett in 1994, in a Lebesgue–Stieltjes Hilbert function space. This space involves functions defined on the real line; the Lebesgue–Stieltjes measure is locally absolutely continuous on the real line, with the origin removed; the origin itself has strictly positive measure. It is shown that there is a unique such self‐adjoint operator; this operator has no eigenvalues but has a continuous spectrum on the positive half‐line of the spectral plane. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


The invention specifically relates to a multiple continuous anodic electrolytic cell for preparing a high performance aluminium alloy, which solves the problems that the existing aluminium electrolytic cells are complex in operation and hard to control. A single continuous anodic device is composed of a plurality of anodic bodies and anodic box bodies, wherein metal frames are arranged on the upper portion of the box bodies, a sealing shield plate frames are arranged on the lower portion of the anodic box bodies, a bearing hook is arranged between a sublayer current conducing rod and a bearing hook connecting piece arranged on the metal frame, padding in a padding frame is prepared by scandium, titanium, manganese, copper, zinc, strontium, silicon, nickel, chromium, magnesium and rare earth ,or prepared by hydroxide, oxide, fluoride, chloride, sulfide, phosphate, sulphate and carbonate of the scandium, the titanium, the manganese, the copper, the zinc, the strontium, the silicon, the nickel, the chromium, the magnesium and the rare earth, one or two of the padding frame and a crust breaking and blanking exhaust mechanism are arranged between the metal frame, an exhaust port is arranged on a metal platform. The multi-continuous anodic electrolytic cell for preparing the high performance aluminium alloy has the advantages of simple production technology, short process, small controlling difficulty, small energy consumption, small pollution, low cost and high quality.


The party's governing ability refers to the ability of ruling parties to exercise state power,to follow the ruling law,and to supervise and manage national affairs. There is a increasing urgency to strengthen "five abilities" ,to draw distinction between party's leadership and governing,and to apply the construction of party's governing ability to the construction of party's ideology,organization,style of work and system.


Recently, a team from JPL and the DOE carried out a study to investigate the utility of a 3 kWe surface fission power system for Mars landed missions. In the course of the study it became clear that the application of such a power system was enabling to a wide variety of potential missions. Of these, two concepts were developed, one for a stationary lander and one for a reactor‐powered rover. This paper discusses the design of the lander mission, which was developed around the concept of landing a cryobot on the Mars north polar ice cap. The cryobot is designed to bore through the entire 2–3 km thickness of the ice cap, providing a picture of the Martian climate spanning more than a million years of Martian history. The high sustained power available from the reactor system proves to be an ideal match for this mission design, enabling a level of science return unavailable from any alternative power sources. The lander design is based on a minimum extrapolation of technology, drawing heavily on the existin...


The first purpose of this chapter is to recall the definition of the operad of little n-discs Dn, and to explain the definition of the notion of En-operad. These recollections form the subject matter of the first section of the chapter (§4.1). In a second step, we give a survey of classical results on the homology of the little disc operads. This subject is addressed in our second section (§4.2). The homology functor naturally goes from spaces to graded modules. In good cases, the homology of a space also inherits a coalgebra structure, dual to the standard commutative algebra structure of the cohomology, and the homology defines a symmetric monoidal functor from the category of spaces towards counitary cocommutative coalgebras in graded modules. This assertion implies that the homology of an operad forms an operad in the category of counitary cocommutative coalgebras in graded modules (we say graded Hopf operad for short), and the ultimate aim of §4.2 is to determine the structure associated to the little discs operads. To complete our account, we provide an introduction to geometrical variants of the little discs operads: the operad of framed little discs, obtained by adding a rotation parameter in the definition of the ordinary little discs operad; and the Fulton-MacPherson operad, which is a model of En-operad obtained by a compactification of the configuration spaces of points in the plane. We address these subjects in an outlook section (§4.3). We also briefly explain the relationship between the little 2-discs operad and an operad defined by another compactification of configuration spaces, the Deligne-Mumford compactification, whose terms represent the moduli spaces of stable marked curves of genus zero. We finally devote an appendix section (§4.4) to the definition of the symmetric monoidal structure on the category of graded modules. We notably work within this symmetric monoidal category when we examine the structures associated with the homology of the little n-discs operads in §4.2. In this monograph, we deal with non-unitary operad structures as soon as we perform in-depth constructions on operads, and for technical reasons, we systematically regard unitary operads as unitary extensions of an underlying non-unitary operad. Therefore, in contrast with standard conventions, we assume that the little n-discs operad satisfies Dn(0) = ∅ in the basic case. The unitary version of the operad of little n-discs, more usually considered in the literature, is denoted by Dn+, and is obtained by adding an arity zero term Dn+(0) = pt to this non-unitary operad Dn. Most results and concepts surveyed in this chapter come from [26, 27, 167] with regard to the definition of the little discs operads and the applications to iterated loop spaces, and [7, 46, 47] with regard to the homology of little discs and configuration spaces.


abstract:This article explores the variegated roles of women in the male-dominated world of commercial exhibitions in the late Ottoman Empire and the early Turkish Republic. Based on archival documents, exhibition catalogs, and local periodicals, it argues that the formation and organization of exhibitions were not completely determined by men only, and women were actively involved in exhibitions. The exhibitions became one of the channels through which women gained admittance to the public sphere during the transition from the empire to the nation-state in Turkey.


A simple but effective sampling technique was used to collect the flavour volatiles of cooking cabbage. Using gas chromatography 35 components were obtained and most of these were identified using relative retention data and mass spectrum evidence. The relative abundance of each volatile was calculated.


Objective: To assess the progression of a public university's dental students through stages of moral development during the course. Methods: A cross-sectional study with 115 students (from the 1st to the 7th semester), to whom the "Opinioes sobre problemas sociais" test, adapted and translated to the Portuguese language, was applied. Results: The collected answers were charted according to the test manual's guidelines and data were analyzed by the GraphPad Prism software 6.0 and STATA v.13. Principal morality score values, expressed as a P value (%), were 40.26%; 39.32%; 36.45% and 36.27% for the 1st, 3rd, 5th and 7th semesters, respectively, with no statistically significant difference between the groups (ANOVA, p = 0.52). Conclusion: Students' degrees of morality did not vary significantly among the semesters compared, indicating the need for a reorientation of teaching-learning practices that takes the potential of transformative learning into account.


Companies of today put more and more trust into data warehouses that aggregates information from several sources and over time. These data warehouses are pivotal for decision making both for daily operational decisions and for long term strategic ones. Since information is a perishable it has become more and more important that the loading routines for the data warehouses works. This essay will look into the possibility to automatically transform the load procedures to use Promela and Spin as tools to validate that the data warehouse load.


The classification of surface colourings appeared on Taleggio cheese has been reported. This classification is based on the microorganisms responsible of such colourings.


Towards upgrading UVSOR, we have designed a new magnetic lattice, in which the beam emittance would be reduced and the number of the straight sections available for insertion devices would be doubled. The accelerator components necessary for the upgrade project are under development. A combined function magnet was designed, which is capable of producing both quadrupole field and sextupoles filed. A prototype was constructed and the field measurements are in progress. Some early results have shown that the required field strengths could be achieved. The beam position monitor system was replaced and successfully commissioned. The new system can measure one orbit in a second with resolution of a few microns. It will be a powerful tool in stabilizing the low emittance electron beam. An in-vacuum undulator is under construction. This will be installed in the ring, in spring, 2002, to check the performance and the effects on the electron beam. This type of device is expected to provide SR beams of higher brilliance in higher energy region above 100 eV.


Bearing in mind that there is no uniform solution to the issue of arbitrability of the subject matter of a dispute in international conventions and the Model Law, as well as that different national legislations solve this issue in different ways, the great importance of correctly determining the applicable law for objective arbitrability is noticed. The paper first analyses the lex fori and lex arbitri as classic points of attachment, and then their alternatives such as the lex causae for contract, the place of potential enforcement of the award and the law applicable to the material validity of the arbitration agreement, as well as the proposal to abandon the collision technique. After concluding that for several reasons it is inadequate to apply the law applicable to the arbitration agreement to this issue, and that it is still early to consider that there is an autonomous notion of arbitrability from the New York Convention, the author recognizes that the definition of objective arbitrability encompasses several aspects. Accordingly, for each of them it is necessary to determine separately the applicable law.


The performance evaluation of an information retrieval system is a decisive aspect of the measure of the improvements in search technology. The Google search engine, as a tool for retrieving information on the Web, is used by almost 92% of Iranian users. The purpose of this paper is to study Google's performance in retrieving relevant information from Persian documents. The information retrieval effectiveness is based on the precision measures of the search results done to a website that we have built with the documents of a TREC standard corpus. We asked Google for 100 topics available on the corpus and we compared the retrieved webpages with the relevant documents. The obtained results indicated that the morphological analysis of the Persian language is not fully taken into account by the Google search engine. The incorrect text tokenisation, considering the stop words as the content keywords of a document and the wrong 'variants encountered' of words found by Google are the main reasons that affect the relevance of the Persian information retrieval on the Web for this search engine.


Transportation and logistics include delivery, movement and collection of goods through roads, and in the international case also through ports and airports. Consequently, they usually involve many different actors, what complicates management, reducing efficiency and effectiveness. In particular, time, boundaries, and interdependencies are the main difficulties in any supply chain. Besides, several security challenges are raised due to unintentional errors or intentional attacks. Existing technology such as RFID, with its potential to automate product authentications, makes possible to solve, or at least to reduce, most of the possible negative effects caused by the mismanagement of the supply chain process. In this line, technology included in the Internet of Things (IoT) can be used to enhance several aspects of the supply chain management, helping to improve demand management, customization, and automatic replenishment of out-of-stock goods while reducing inventory and distribution costs, as well as counterfeit versions of name-brand items. It also allows creating new safe and efficient schemes that help enterprises and organizations to improve quality of service and traceability to the management of transported goods. This paper proposes the IoT integration in the transport of merchandise, allowing its follow-up from the cloud. Preliminary research results indicate that the combination of ubiquitous technologies provides a more complete and efficient service. Keywords-Ubiquitous systems; Internet of Things; wireless technologies; transportation and logistics services.


Problem Based Learning (PBL) is a learning model that is often used in learning mathematics. This meta-analysis study was conducted to summarize the effect of PBL with the help of GeoGebra software on students' mathematical abilities. Related databases were searched for studies that met the inclusion criteria. The estimation method uses a random-effect model with a 95% confidence interval. This study analyzed 5 primary studies published between 2016 and 2020 using the posttest-only group design experimental research method, and 320 students were involved. The Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) program was used to assist the analysis. As a result of the study, the overall effect size was 1.32 (strong effect) with a standard deviation of 0.021. Analysis of study characteristics revealed that the influence of the PBL model assisted by GeoGebra applications had a strong effect on the condition of the sample size of 1-40 students, secondary school education level and on mathematical problem-solving abilities. This finding is considered by practitioners of mathematics education to implement it in mathematics learning.


By questioning the students,we know the affection on students personality development by physical teaching. This essay puts forward that we should reform physical teaching according to the need of students personality development,pay attention to students emotion and self feeling,train students life long sports conciousness so as to obtain the object of quality education.


In this work, we study the stability of the FIFO (First-In-First-Out) protocol in the context of Adversarial Queueing Theory. As an important intermediate step, we consider dynamic capacities, where each network link capacity may arbitrarily take on values in the two-valued set of integers f1; Cg for C > 1 being the high capacity (a parameter). In this context: (1) We construct a FIFO network of only eight nodes which is already unstable at rate r = 0:41. This is the current record for instability of FIFO over networks of flxed-size (independent of r). (2) For every r > 0 we then construct a FIFO network (whose size increases with 1 ) which is unstable at rate r. Subsequently, we show how to simulate the particular FIFO network in (2) above with dynamic capacities 1, C, in order to produce a FIFO network with all link capacities being equal, while preserving instability thresholds. Hence, we eventually show our main result: FIFO can become unstable in the usual model of unit capacities links, for arbitrarily low packet injection rates. This closes a major open problem (the question of FIFO stability) in the fleld of Adversarial Queueing Theory posed in the pioneering work of Borodin et al. [5].


Imino-linked carbocyclic analogues (E)- and (Z)-2 of glucosylceramide 1 have been synthesized and shown to be potent and specific inhibitors against glucocerebrosidase.


The concept of wave-domain adaptive filtering (WDAF) is a powerful technique in the field of massive-multichannel acoustic system identification. By using fundamental solutions of the wave-equation for signal representation the wave-domain system model exhibits desirable properties in suitable setups. This allows efficient approximations of the model or can improve the convergence of an adaptive filter. The applicability of the WDAF technique to higher-order Ambisonics systems and three-dimensional wave fields was often mentioned in literature, but conducted experiments were always limited to two-dimensional setups. This paper investigates the WDAF technique in a new context of practical Ambisonics systems, aiming at acoustic echo cancellation for immersive telepresence systems. Experiments are conducted with simulated and measured room impulse responses in ideal and non-ideal loudspeaker setups. Furthermore different Ambisonics decoding methods are investigated and compared. The transferability of previously proposed WDAF approaches is examined and the results show the general applicability of these approaches, but with some limitations for real-world problems.


This article deals with age dynamics, gender peculiarities of heterosexual debut, retrospective evaluation and modality of the perception of the first sexual act. The author uses the data of the sociological research.


Halothane binding to hydrated dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) bilayer membranes has been examined over a wide range of pressures from 105 to 4 × 108 Pa. We show that the solvation of halothane by the membrane and bulk water are both pressure dependent, with an increased pressure driving halothane into the membrane. Analysis of these results shows that this pressure dependence is not the cause of pressure reversal, the process whereby general anaesthetics lose their efficacy at pressures of about 8 × 106 to about 2.5 × 107 Pa.


The invention relates to a protein hydrolysate, which may be obtained by continuous enzymatic hydrolysis of a protein-containing substrate, whereby the hydrolysis is carried out in an extruder, a method for production of said protein hydrolysate and the use thereof in the production of cosmetics, adhesives, washing agents, foodstuffs, foodstuff additives, cleaning agents, bodycare agents, leather-care products and similar.


A BSTRACT . We study semigroup algebras arising from lattice polytopes, compute their volume polynomials (particularizing work of Hochster), and establish strong Lefschetz properties (generalizing work of the first three authors). This resolves several conjectures concerning unimodality properties of the h ∗ -polynomial of lattice polytopes arising within Ehrhart theory.


ABSTRACTThis research evaluates the geometric fidelity of 3D printed objects by utilizing digital image analysis techniques on consumer grade 3D printers. ISO 527-2 Type B specimen are modeled using Houdini Software, then positioned on the virtual print-bed and sliced in 0.3 mm thickness layers utilizing MiracleGrue slicer. The specimens are printed on a Makerbot Replicator2X 3D printer with an X-Y resolution of 0.011 mm. The test set is divided into three where the first object set (Test set A) is printed with their longest side parallel to the X axis, the second object set (Test set B) with their longest side oriented at an angle to the X axis and the third object set (Test set C) as a control with a different material type and structure. The test includes objects with parallel patterns of 0, 5, 10, 30, 45, 60 and 90 degree resulting in toolpaths along the parallel lines. For the second test set the orientation angle is chosen to match the parallel pattern degree. The objects are analyzed with a softwar...


Environmental statistics is by its very nature an international endeavor. Every nation in the world must address environmental issues ranging from pollution assessment to biodiversity, global warming to ecosystem monitoring. To solve these issues, any one nation must cooperate with one or more other nations. It is therefore not surprising that many international organizations have formed to work on solutions to environmental statistical issues. This entry provides brief summaries of the major environmental statistical organizations. The list is not intended to be all-inclusive, rather to provide a short introduction to some of the primary sources for professional information on environmental statistics.


The research in this dissertation was conducted with the primary aim of understanding the seismic response of unbonded post-tensioned precast concrete rocking walls both with and without additional hysteretic energy dissipaters. These wall systems dissipate the seismic input energy mainly through impacts of the wall on top of the foundation during rocking as well as the external hysteretic damping. The behavior of these walls are largely investigated based on experimental tests using quasi-static loading and few numerical studies. A systematic seismic design approach for their application in high seismic regions is still lacking. To date, there are limited large-scale studies that have evaluated the lateral response of these rocking walls using earthquake ground motions of different intensities and there is little published data on quantification of their different energy dissipation components. To address the main objective of overcoming the aforementioned limitations, a series of large-scale experimental shake table tests were conducted on four unbonded post-tensioned precast Single Rocking Walls (SRWs) and four Precast Wall with End Columns (PreWEC) systems by subjecting them to a set of earthquake excitations with varying intensities. These walls were designed by varying key design parameters such as: (i) the initial prestress force, Pi, (ii) base moment to base shear ratio, and (iii) the number and location of additional hysteretic dampers in PreWECs, namely O-connectors. Minimal wall base damage was observed as these wall systems were subjected to the design-level ground motions. As intended, all walls provided the self-centering behavior during ground motions of different intensities and the additional O-connectors started to yield and dissipate the seismic energy at 0.6% wall drifts. The rocking wall tests generally indicated the


We consider a chiral molecule modeled by two sets of rotational internal energy levels of different parity and degenerate ground states coupled by a constant interaction. By assuming that the collisions in a gas of identical molecules, provoke transitions between adjacent energy levels of the same parity, we apply the prescriptions of the continuous time quantum random walk to a single molecule, interpreted as an open quantum system, and build up the master equation driving its internal dynamics in case of a general distributions of collision times. The asymptotic exact dynamics of the coherence terms and the populations of the energy levels are analytically evaluated for relevant classes of non-Poissonian distributions of the collision times. The inverse quantum Zeno effect and inverse power law relaxations emerge over estimated long time scales.


Macroscopic traffic flow models have been widely used to provide reliable prediction inputs for active transportation and demand management (ATDM). The representative models include METANET, FREFLOW, and KRONOS. In recent development of ATDM, METANET-based prediction models have started to more attention with their convenience of formulating several important macroscopic control variables, such as speed limit and ramp flow. However, applying METANET models on real-world observations (e.g., loop detector data) may experience significant performance issues, especially when applied to a corridor with heterogeneous links. Heterogeneous links refer to adjacent links that have different macroscopic traffic flow characteristics such as free flow speed and capacity. The heterogeneity is usually caused by changes in road geometry and environment, which commonly exist in urban freeway networks. This article provides an in-depth study to investigate the error mechanism of this problem and proposes several effective methods to improve the performance of METANET model over heterogeneous links. It is found in this article that applying some dynamic formulations to the convention term of the speed equation in METANET can significantly reduce the impact of link heterogeneity issue. The proposed method was evaluated using field loop detector data collected at I-894 corridor in Milwaukee, WI.


When the humans step into the 21st century,brand-new tidal waves like globalization,knowledge economy,information society,post-industrial society,etc.have swept over.All the people cannot live away from the world and survive alone.When the humans are facing a series of problems,for example,environmental deterioration,nuclear deterrent,regional conflict,national conflict,terrorist attack,financial storm,technological impact on ethnics,human subjective loss,etc,the symbiosis idea has become a vocation of times.Symbiosis is not only the mystery of the biological evolution in nature,but also the common pursuit of the reasonable thinking of the humans.It embodies the change in the civilization pattern of the humans and incarnates the genuine value and perfect reasonability of the humans as well.Clearly,it is the future direction of the modernity development.


Aimed at the study of 5083 aluminum alloy homogenization organization and mechanical properties after annealing,this paper is an analysis of the evolution of microstructures and mechanical properties of 5083 aluminum alloy ingot after homogenizing annealing using optical microscopy(OM),scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and universal mechanical testing machine.The results indicate that increasing homogenizing annealing triggers the dissolution of most eutectic β phase in ingot,giving the remaining β phase a tendency to nodulizing.Room temperature mechanical properties show that homogenizing annealing is followed by a significant increase in tensile strength and decrease in ductility,an indication of brittle fracture.High temperature instantaneous tensile tests suggest that homogenizing annealing tends to decrease tensile strength,showing cleavage facture.


: Frauds in modern era are cause of concern in almost every field of life. Credit card, money laundering and bank frauds are common and technology has to play important part in overcoming this issue. This paper provides insight into financial frauds leading from malicious users in trading network. To this end several techniques are researched over. To start with price based fraud detection is discussed and then similarity matrix, linear binary patterns, support vector machine and random forest in the field of fraud detection are elaborated. This paper highlights pros and cons of each of such techniques. Dataset required determining classification accuracy of these approaches is synthetically driven. Execution time while determining frauds is critical entity and similarity matrix approach is fast and accurate as compared to random forest, support vector and linear binary patterns. Parameters: Classification Accuracy, Execution time Implementation tool: Matlab 2018 Achievement: support vector machine results are closer to similarity matrix based approach in terms of classification accuracy but execution time of similarity based approach is much less and hence this algorithm is considered better in determining financial frauds.


The composition and principle of a coherent Doppler wind LIDAR are presented,especially the signal processing system. The method of Doppler signal processing is introduced; Doppler echo signal is simulated and studied.The signal processing system of the coherent Doppler wind LIDAR is designed by using commercial data acquisition card and LABVIEW software. The measurement of radial velocity is obtained through a special platform. The analog signal of Doppler echo is designed,which is used to test the signal processing system. The results indicate that the accuracy of velocity measurement is up to 0. 8m/s.


High mode confinement and modal sparsity in subwavelength metallic-plasmonic coaxial cavities enable the demonstration of continuous-wave and room-temperature lasing at telecommunication wavelengths in the smallest cavities to date.


PURPOSE
Pancreatic carcinoma is generally considered a chemotherapy-resistant malignant neoplasm and to date there is no established chemotherapeutic treatment for patients with advanced disease. Many new combination regimens have been investigated to improve results. Modiano et al. (ASCO 1993; 12: 303) with ELF regimen (etoposide, folinic acid, and 5-fluorouracil) plus interferon obtained 6/7 partial remission in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. Considering these interesting results and the therapeutic activity of epirubicin in this disease, we started a study (GOIM 9405) to verify the efficacy and safety of the ELFE (ELF + Epirubicin) regimen.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
Twenty-three patients with advanced pancreatic cancer received etoposide 80 mg/m2 day 1-3, folinic acid (levo-isomer form) 100 mg/m2 day 1-3, 5-fluorouracil 340 mg/m2 day 1-3, and epirubicin 60 mg/m2 day 1. Treatment was repeated every three weeks.

RESULTS
We obtained 3 PR, 4 SD and 13 PD. Overall response rate was 15% (95% CI: 3% to 38%) (intent to treat analysis: 13%; 95% CI: 3% to 34%). The median durations of response and survival were 9 and 5 months, respectively. Grade 3-4 WHO toxicity included diarrhoea (17%), mucositis (22%), leukopenia (17%).

CONCLUSIONS
The ELFE regimen demonstrates scarce activity in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer, with mild toxicity.


Based on the principle of "decomposition and ensemble" and strategy of "the divide and conquer" [1,2], a hybrid Methodology integrating ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) and least squares support vector regression (LSSVR) is proposed for nuclear energy consumption forecasting. In the proposed EEMD-LSSVR-based Decomposition-and-Ensemble Methodology, the EEMD is first applied to decompose the original data of nuclear energy consumption into a number of independent intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). Then the LSSVR is implemented to predict all the extracted IMFs independently. Finally, the predicted IMFs are aggregated into an ensemble result as the final prediction using another LSSVR. The empirical results demonstrate that the novel methodology can strikingly outperform some other popular forecasting models both in level forecasting accuracy and in direction prediction accuracy.


A new microwave absorber was formed using stacked polypryrrole nanoparticle-coated nonwoven textiles with surface resistivities from 8.5 ×107 to 3.0 Ω·cm. This microwave absorber showed typical frequency dispersion in both εr' and εr'' in a wide frequency range (1 to 75 GHz). A large reflection loss \dotΓ21 with a wide bandwidth was achieved with εr'' dispersion characteristics.


This chapter presents the exploding numbers and broadening capacities of students and professors that skyrocket over time, especially as the hyper-modern society assembles around the university-based knowledge system. It discusses how schooling is seen as relevant for more and more sorts of people and points out how the dimensions of people are activated and incorporated. It also looks at people that are involved and seen not simply as passive entrants but as executors of ever more legitimate interests and capacities that is above all the general capacity for empowered choice or actorhood. The chapter describes the properly schooled person that is imagined to be a dramatic social actor, fit to master and change the world and not simply to be a carrier of received culture. It applies a neo-institutional perspective to the expansion of the university populations of reconstructed individual people.


Background: Increasing number of women in reproductive ages and tending small families will result in demand for using contraception in near future. The study tried to assess the demand for contraceptive methods and its determinants among Kurdish women in Mahabad city. Methods: A sample of over 700 households in Mahabad surveyed for the study using questionnaire with interview technique. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire verified according to content measure and Cronbach's alpha. The main technique for determining the effects of independent variables on using contraceptive methods was Logistic regression. Results: Findings showed that 27.7 percent of women use permanent and long-acting contraceptive methods and therefore the demand for these contraceptive methods is 71.35 percent. Multivariate analysis showed that there are statistically significant relationships between the number of children ever born; the perceived contraceptive costs, and childbearing intentions with dependent variable. According to this study, women at the end of reproductive ages and those with higher education are more likely to use permanent and long-acting contraceptive methods. Conclusion: The difference between the demand for contraceptive use, particularly long-acting ones and permanent methods, indicate a high level of unmet demand that could lead to increased unwanted pregnancy and induced abortion.


A conceptual design of wind accelerating device was developed for small VAWT wind turbine with the objective of improving incoming wind speed before reaching and subsequently hitting the turbine blades. Low wind speed particularly in Malaysia need to overcome in order to improve the wind turbine efficiency in harvesting potential wind energy into electricity. In this thesis, the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ) was used in order to produce an idea in generating solutions to the problem. TRIZ contradiction matrix and 40 inventive principle solution tools has been applied in the early stage of solution generation. Based on the general solutions,
the most relevant principles with respect to the design intent are selected as a guideline to develop the device. Two different concepts with working condition similar to wind vane are designed using CAD software (CATIA), focussing
particularly on the main part namely head of the wind accelerating device. In addition, the device is also designed with the intention of sharing the same pole of
the VAWT wind turbine. The performance of the device was further analysed using CFD method (ANSYS) with various wind speed with the aim of increasing incoming wind speed after passing through the wind accelerating device.


Seedlings of eleven varieties of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) showed differences in utilization of K+ from a full nutrient solution containing 3.0 mM K+. The K+ content of both roots and shoots was proportional to the fresh weights and dry weights after a week in the nutrient solution. The K+ use-efficiency ratio, which indicates the efficiency of nutrient utilization (mg dry weight produced per mg K+ absorbed), differed significantly among the varieties. There was no correlation between influx of Rb+ and the content of K+. It is suggested that there are wide varietal differences in such genetically-determined properties as ion influx and efflux and net ion transport to the shoot. Further-more, the influx of Rb+ was closely linked to transpiration, probably due to a variety-specific non-metabolic part of Rb+ influx. Varietal differences in influx of Rb+ were more pronounced in high-K+ roots than in low-K+ roots with maximum rate of Rb+ uptake, but the rank of varieties was the same in each case. – Criteria for the selection of K+ use-efficient varieties of barley are discussed.


Wepresent a calculation of exciton states in semiconductor coupled quantumwells in the presence of electric andmagnetic fields applied perpendicular to theQWplane. The exciton Schrödinger equation is solved in real space in three-dimensions to obtain the Landau levels of both direct and indirect excitons. Calculation of the exciton energy levels and oscillator strengths enablesmapping of the electric andmagnetic field dependence of the exciton absorption spectrum. For the ground state of the system,we evaluate the Bohr radius, optical lifetime, binding energy and dipolemoment. The exciton mass renormalization due to themagneticfield is calculated using a perturbative approach.Wepredict a non-monotonous dependence of the exciton ground state effectivemass onmagneticfield. Such a trend is explained in a classical picture, in terms of the ground state tending from an indirect to a direct excitonwith increasingmagnetic field.


Using hand-collected data of venture capital share ownership and attribute characteristics, this paper systematically analyzes the relationship between venture capital, internal control and audit pricing based on analytical logic of audit risks. It arrives at the conclusions as follows:firstly, compared with companies without venture capital, audit pricing of companies with venture capital is significantly lower; secondly, from the perspective of attribute characteristics, the control attribute of venture capital significantly reduces audit pricing, and the united attribute significantly increases audit pricing; finally, there is a significant substitution relation between venture capital ownership and internal control quality for inhibiting audit risks and reducing audit pricing. It shows that, venture capital has played a significant governance role in audit market, so to strengthen the venture capital firms' value added services and monitoring functions is of great reality value to the improvement of operational efficiency of listed corporations.


Investigation of four alleged infectious mononucleosis (IM) epidemics revealed that each resulted from either misuse or misinterpretation of mononucleosis slide tests. Even though such tests are a valuable, rapid adjunct to the diagnosis of IM, they must be carefully done with fresh reagents, using both positive and negative controls, and must be interpreted in the light of clinical findings and blood cell morphology.


Educational Development is a process of administrative subsystem structural reforms relating to the educational management and operational subsystem relating to the management of education and implementation of teaching learning activities at any educational institution in order to achieve the level of participation, efficiency, effectiveness and relevance of higher education. This research was a field research in form of a descriptive study. The data collection used was observation, interviews, and documents. Data analysis techniques used were editing, classifying, verifying, analyzing, and concluding.


The study entitled "The Effect of Product Quality and Service on Indomaret Sukawati Customer Satisfaction in Gianyar Regency" aims to determine the significant effect of service and product quality on customer satisfaction at Indomaret Celuk Sukawati Branch, Gianyar, both on a persial and simultaneous basis. Data collection techniques using questionnaires as well as methods of observation, literature study and interviews. Analysis technique with multiple linear regression test, F-test, t-test, and determination test. In determining the sample the researcher uses purposive sampling technique with a total sample of 70 respondents.The results of the Influence of Product Quality and Service on Indomaret Sukawati's Customer Satisfaction in Gianyar Regency are Services that have a positive and significant effect on Customer Satisfaction, Product Quality has a positive and significant effect on Customer Satisfaction, so it can be concluded that Service and Product Quality variables have a significant effect on Customer Satisfaction Indomaret minimarket, Jalan Raya Celuk Sukawati, Gianyar Regency.


Abstract How audit teams are structured and function plays a crucial role in determining the level of audit service quality. Despite this claim, little empirical research has been conducted on this effect. Using private data from two of the Big 4 audit firms, we fill this gap and document how diversity of audit teams influences audit quality. By combining the existing work in psychology and sociology with that in auditing, we develop our model by arguing that teams are composed not simply of single auditors but of sub-teams of individuals whose various combinations affect team performance. Starting from this premise, we study how the diversity of audit teams in terms of the different mix of work assigned to staff, seniors, managers, and partners influences audit quality and how this effect varies depending upon years of tenure. We also show that the proportion of leading auditors characterized by a common educational background and the percentage of female leading auditors affect audit quality. As an additional analysis, we examine how team diversity affects audit efficiency. The same elements found relevant for audit quality also affect audit efficiency.


This cross-sectional study assesses the association of research and development investments based on data released by drug companies with list and net prices for prescription drugs approved by the US Food and Drug Administration from 2009 to 2018.


The atomic structure of 0.5 monolayer (ML) Co deposited on Pt(110) was investigated by quantitative low-energy electron diffraction and ab initio density functional theory calculations, showing a pronounced inward relaxation and a filling of the missing-row sites of the Pt(110) substrate by Co atoms. Up to this Co coverage no significant intermixing of Pt atoms with Co atoms was observed by scanning tunneling microscopy, resulting in an alternating arrangement of pure Co and Pt rows.


Experimental All the electrochemical experiments were carried out in the quiescent AlCl3/TMHC (58/42 mol%) in a N2-filled glove box at 38 ◦ C using a conventional three-electrode cell. An Al spiral wire (Alfa Aesar, 99.95%) immersed in the bulk IL was used as the counter electrode, the reference electrode was an Al wire in a fritted glass tube filled with the same IL. The working electrode was a W wire (diameter =0.5 mm). The electrochemical experiments were performed with an EG&G PARC Model 263A potentiostat/galvanostat controlled with EG&G Model 270 software. High-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HITACHI, SU8000) was used to examine the morphology of the deposits.


The function of the system is introduced the hardware and software structures are presented,the speed control and anti-collision theory are expounded,and RFID card to locomotive driver authentication methods are given,the reliable wireless data communication protocol is elaborated,also the hardware circuit of USB bridge is designed.


This paper studies the system identification problem using the q-least mean square (qLMS) algorithm. Particularly, the fuzzy-logic scheme is considered here. The proposed fuzzy-logic trained-qLMS (FLT-qLMS) algorithm is developed based on fuzzy-logic adapted, which averts the q value selection problem in practical applications. However, the performance of FLTqLMS is subjected to the conflicted requirement of fixed step size. To completely devoid of parameter selection problem, a new fuzzy-logic scheme is further developed for online adjusting q value and step size simultaneously, resulting in enhanced FLT-qLMS (EFLT-qLMS) algorithm. Extensive simulations indicate the refined performance of the proposed algorithms in the context of system identification.


Two hundred sixty four yearling heifers (781 ± 35 lb) were blocked by weight in a 2X2 factorial arrangement of treatments to determine effects of 20% corn wet distiller's grains plus soluble (WDGS) on animal performance in steam-flaked corn (SFC) and dry-rolled corn (DRC) based finishing diets. No corn processing method by WDGS inclusion interactions were detected (P ≥ 0.29). Heifers consuming SFC-based diets had reduced DMI (P < 0.01), similar ADG (P ≥ 0.69), and improved feed:gain (P < 0.05) compared to heifers consuming DRC-based diets. Heifers consuming WDGS tended to have greater final BW (P = 0.10), ADG (P = 0.14), and reduced marbling scores (P = 0.18) compared to heifers consuming diets without WDGS. Nutrients in the manure harvested from pens of DRC based diets were greater than SFC based diets (P < 0.05). WDGS increased the quantity of DM, N, P, and K of harvested manure (P < 0.10). Corn processing method had a greater impact on animal performance than WDGS. While including WDGS tended to improve animal performance, manure management must be considered.