The Landuse/Landcover (LULC) changes become more intense in this era due to rapid urbanization, industrialization and over utilization of agricultural land for human wellbeing. This study is an attempt to find an effective approach among various classifiers for the evaluation of spatio-temporal variations in LULC over a part of the East coastal region of Tamil Nadu for the period of 30 years. High and low resolution remote sensing data are used to perform five different LULC classification algorithms: K-means, IsoData, Maximum Likelihood (ML), Parallelepiped (PP) and Support Vector Machine (SVM). The experimental outcomes conclude that the Support vector machine classifier comparatively shows high accuracy and classification performance than others.


Abstract Paving blocks made from a mixture of portland cement or a kind of adhesive hydrolysis, water, and aggregates with or without other ingredients. In this study the process of manufacture of paving blocks will use a mix of soil, portland cement and ashes a rice husk. Moreover, curing of the paving blocks that are expected to increase the strength of paving blocks is according to SNI 03-0691-1996. Soil samples tested were from Kota Baru, South Lampung. The composition of the paving block in this study is 80% soil+15% portland cement+5% ashes a rice husk with a variety of curing time 0 day, 7 days, 14 days, 21 days and 28 days as well as to the treatment of pre-combustion and post-combustion of the sample of paving blocks. Based on the results of physical testing the original soil, USCS classify soil samples as fine-grained soil and belong to the group ML. Results from this study is the manufacture of paving blocks using silt soil, portland cement and ashes a rice husk soil material that does not meet the specifications of SNI 03-0691-1996. Ashes a rice husk does not give effect for the compressive strength of paving block and the curing time too. The longer of curing time, the compressive strength will decrease too. The highest result for the compressive strength of paving blocks post-combustion are best shown in curing time of 0 day 11,70 Mpa. Keywords: Paving blocks, silt soil, ashes a rice husk, compressive strength, curing time.


In order to fabricate a Zn anode with higher corrosion resistance and catalytic activity,activating treatment was carried out on the conventional Pb-Ag[w(Ag)=0.25%] anode surface using SiC and Pb-Ag-SiC anode was obtained.The performances of this anode during Zn electrowinning were analyzed by electrochemical testing.Analysis data of anode polarization curves and tafel curves revealed that Pb-Ag-SiC anode showed higher corrosion resistance as compared to conventional Pb-Ag anode.And analysis data of anode polarization curves and cyclic voltammetry curves indicated that Pb-Ag-SiC anode possessed higher eletrocatalytic activity as compared to Pb-Ag anode.


This paper reviews future research directions in the area of construction IT. It discusses how virtual prototyping can improve the productivity and effectiveness of construction projects. The project describes the research output of the Divercity project. Divercity was an EU project, which created six virtual applications for briefing and detailed design of construction projects. The paper concludes by highlighting three barriers to the deployment of virtual prototyping in construction, at an industrial scale. Major industry bodies need to address these barriers to excel progress.


Macrophages are terminally differentiated cells of monocyte-macrophage system,deriving from mononuclear cells.Macrophages participate in non-specific immunity through phagocytosis,with immune regulation and antigen presenting function mainly in adaptive immunity,thereby affecting the body' s metabolism,hematopoiesis,angiogenesis,apoptosis,cancer,reproductive processes,etc.Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is an abnormal inflammatory response caused by smoking or inhaling other harmful gases,defined as a persistent airflow limitation in pathology.It includes a series of pathological processes,such as airway inflammation (chronic bronchitis) and small airway remodeling,elasticity loss and emphysema caused by the damage fo pulmonary interstitial.Although the reasons of inflammation and lung tissue damage are unclear,it is believed that the release of inflammatory mediators of the macrophages played a key role in these progresses.There are different cell subtypes of macrophages depending on the local microenvironment,with some researches in progress,however,the effect of smoking to the polarization phenotype of macrophages remains controversial.Now the researches of the polarization phenotype of macrophages are summarized below.

Key words:
Macrophages; Polarization phenotype; Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease


In all power sectors around the world the issue of balancing revenues with costs is one of the key elements for the markets' efficiency management and success. When an imbalance of these two parameters occur a financial gap will emerge as a tariff deficit and can generate deep revision of the sector regulation together with impacts on the financial performance of energy companies. AF Mercados is advising the Saudi Electricity Company (SEC) to implement within the company the Single Buyer role together with the development of a tool called "Balancing Fund". The object of this paper is to describe how this tool deal with imbalances between costs and revenues. Then the paper reports the results of some analysis that have been conducted to assess costs and benefits of a potential electricity production by Renewable Source of Energy (RES-E) in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Skimming through the RES-E costs and potentials in the country and the effect on the "Balancing Fund". The final section discuss the economic benefits of RES-E penetration.


This chapter is devoted to the study of numerical NP-complete problems in the framework of cellular systems with membranes, also called P systems (P un, 1998). The chapter presents efficient solutions to the subset sum and the knapsack problems. These solutions are obtained via families of P systems with the capability of generating an exponential working space in polynomial time. A simulation tool for P systems, written in Prolog, is also described. As an illustration of the use of this tool, the chapter includes a session in the Prolog simulator implementing an algorithm to solve one of the above problems. IDEA GROUP PUBLISHING This chapter appears in the book, Molecular Computational Models: Unconventional Approaches edited by Marian Gheorhe. © 2005, Idea Group Inc. 701 E. Chocolate Avenue, Suite 200, Hershey PA 17033-1240, USA Tel: 717/533-8845; Fax 717/533-8661; URL-http://www.idea-group.com ITB10957 116 Cordón-Franco, Gutiérrez-Naranjo, Pérez-Jiménez, & Riscos-Núñez Copyright © 2005, Idea Group Inc. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of Idea Group Inc. is prohibited. INTRODUCTION The race to miniaturize silicon microchips to get more and more powerful (smaller and faster) processors is expected to hit its own physical limits very soon. This is why it is necessary to look for new unconventional models of computation. One of the main research lines in this direction is focusing on obtaining new computational paradigms inspired from various well-established natural phenomena in physics, chemistry, and biology. This approach is generically known as natural computing. This chapter is part of the framework of one of these nature-inspired models, namely, cellular computing with membranes. This model abstracts from the structure and the functioning of a living cell. At the moment it is just at the theoretical level, and it is not likely that it would be implemented in vivo in the near future. However, some simulations in silico (i.e., software implementations) have been recently presented, written in various programming languages (Java, C, Scheme, etc.). Although they are not able to actually implement the massive parallelism inherent to the original model, these approaches may be regarded as a proof of concept for this new computational paradigm in dealing with hard problems and as a tool that is able to support both research and pedagogical purposes. The simulator presented here is written in Prolog, and it was created with the aim of assisting in theoretical research in cellular computing. That is, it is not intended to get an efficient implementation, but to be an intuitive tool that provides faithful and detailed information about the computations taking place within cellular systems. More interestingly, during the development of this tool simulator, we realised that we needed new information that helped the formal verification process of cellular computing. From Nature to Membrane Computing In recent years the research field generically named natural computing has been under enormous scrutiny and development. This discipline has started off the investigation of both mathematical models and technological requirements for the implementation of bio-inspired computing paradigms. The research within this field studies the way nature computes, conceiving and abstracting new paradigms and computing models. There are several areas within natural computing that are now well established. Genetic algorithms (or, more generally, evolutionary computing), introduced by J. Holland (1975), uses some operations inspired by natural evolution and selection in order to improve the process of finding a good 33 more pages are available in the full version of this document, which may be purchased using the "Add to Cart" button on the product's webpage: www.igi-global.com/chapter/cellular-solutions-somenumerical-complete/26926?camid=4v1 This title is available in InfoSci-Books, InfoSci-Intelligent Technologies, Science, Engineering, and Information Technology, InfoSci-Computer Science. Recommend this product to your librarian: www.igi-global.com/e-resources/libraryrecommendation/?id=1


A Latin square of order p is a p × p array of ordered letters or symbols in which each letter or symbol appears once in each row and once in each column. An example of a 3 × 3 Latin square is shown here.

Keywords:

latin square;
experimental design;
nuisance variable


Key Points According to the federal Occupational Health and Safety Administration, 220,000 cases of sudden cardiac arrest occur annually in the United States and about 10,000 of these events occur at work. Thirteen percent of workplace deaths reported to OSHA are the result of cardiac arrest. Sudden cardiac arrest occurs when ventricular fibrillation (an uncoordinated heart rhythm) takes place or when the heart stops beating altogether. Without medical attention, the victim loses consciousness and dies. Causes of cardiac arrest include heart attack (many victims have no prior history of heart disease), electrocution (a common risk at many landscaping job sites), and asphyxiation (loss of consciousness caused by inadequate oxygen). In our industry, asphyxiation can occur from the build up of exhaust fumes if workers use, repair or maintain equipment in enclosed spaces or if they fall into a pool or other body of water. In September 2009, a 26-year-old landscape worker in Plantation, Florida, was in cardiac arrest when rescuers pulled him from a lake after the mower he was operating fell in and pinned him under water. He died at the hospital. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation can double or triple a victim's chances of survival, according to the American Heart Association, but, it has to be done quickly. Survival chances decrease 7 to 10 percent with every minute that passes without CPR or defibrillation. Federal OSHA recommends CPR training and workplace availability of automated external defibrillators (AEDs) to speed resuscitation.


The developmental immaturity,the lower expression of antigen and function activity of immunocyte derived from umbilical cord blood are the cause happening lower graft-versus-host disease.The source of umbilical cord blood is affluent and it can become stem cells of tissue repairing.The cells derived from umbilical cord blood include mononuclear cell,T lymphocyte,dendritic cell,natural killer cell and so on.They play a part in immunocompetence.


If B is a minimal blocking set of size less than 3♣q!1"42 in PG♣2, q", q is a power of the prime p, then Szőnyi's result states that each line meets B in 1 ♣mod p" points. It follows that B cannot have bisecants, i.e. lines meeting B in exactly two points. If q → 13, then there is only one known minimal blocking set of size 3♣q ! 1"42 in PG♣2, q", the so called projective triangle. This blocking set is of Rédei type and it has 3♣q✁ 1"42 bisecants, which have a very strict structure. We use polynomial techniques to derive structural results on Rédei type blocking sets from information on their bisecants. We apply our results to point sets of PG♣2, q" with few odd-secants. In particular, we improve the lower bound of Balister, Bollobás, Füredi and Thompson on the number of odd-secants of a ♣q! 2"-set in PG♣2, q" and we answer a related open question of Vandendriessche. We prove structural results for semiovals and derive the non existence of semiovals of size q ! 3 when p ✘ 3 and q → 5. This extends a result of Blokhuis who classified semiovals of size q ! 2, and a result of Bartoli who classified semiovals of size q ! 3 when q ↕ 17. In the q even case we can say more applying a result of Szőnyi and Weiner about the stability of sets of even type. We also obtain a new proof to a result of Gács and Weiner about ♣q ! t, t"-arcs of type ♣0, 2, t" and to one part of a result of Ball, Blokhuis, Brouwer, Storme and Szőnyi about functions over GF♣q" determining less than ♣q! 3"42 directions. AMS subject classification: 51E20, 51E21 ∗Research supported by the Hungarian National Foundation for Scientific Research, Grant No. K 81310 and by the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research (PRIN 2012 project "Strutture geometriche, combinatoria e loro applicazioni")


A formal facial image compression algorithm in JPEG2000 standard coding is proposed in this paper. Object segmentation technique is used to locate the facial region firstly. Greyscale and projection are applied. By the analysis of minima and maxima, facial features are extracted and located. Secondly, the background is reassigned to decrease those less valuable information in final bitstream. Finally, the facial region is compressed using the region of interest coding technique in JPEG2000. The produced bitstream is totally compatible with the JPEG2000 standard one. As a result, the image compressed by the proposal algorithm could be delivered widely and browsed by many picture tools that support JPEG2000 format. Experiments demonstrate the efficiency of the method.


The present invention discloses an apparatus for preparing oxygen-containing compound using an olefin, overcome the drawbacks of the prior art low yield of light olefins, the main reactor (5), auxiliary reactor (11) and a regenerator (21), with between the main reactor (5) and regenerator (21) through a second spent catalyst transfer line (23) and the second regenerated catalyst transfer line (28) in communication, auxiliary reactor (11) and the regenerator (21) of spent catalyst between a first delivery pipe (16) and a first regenerated catalyst transfer line (18) communicates through.


Objective:To investigate the effects of calcitriol on mice heterotopic tracheal allograft transplantation and observe the synergism between calcitriol and Csa.Method:Firstly models of heterotopic tracheal allograft transplantation were set up.Weight of mice were determined.Then mice after transplantation were randomly divided into 4 groups.Every group has 10 mice.control group:0.9% Nacl 25 mL·kg-1·d-1 was fed.Csa group:25 mg·kg-1 cyclosporine A was fed everyday.cal group:2.5 μg·kg-1 calcitriol was fed everyday.mix group:25 mg·kg-1 cyclosporine A and 2.5 μg·kg-1 calcitriol were fed unitedly everyday.After 4 weeks,allografts were taken out and stained by HE.Then the obliteration ratio of allograft,the deletion ratio of epithelium,the destruction of cartilage and the serum concentration of IL-12 were determined.Weight of mice were determined again.Result:The obliteration ratio and the epithelium deletion ratio of control group allograft were higer than those of other groups(P0.05).The obliteration ratio of mix group was lower than other groups(P0.05).The epithelium deletion ratio of Csa group was more than that of mix or cal.Ninety percent of control group have the destruction of cartilage.Those were observed in 20% of Csa group and none of other 2 groups.The serum concentration of IL-12 for control group was higher than other groups(P0.05).IL-12 Concentration of Mix group was the least(P0.05).The weight gain of Csa group and mix group were less than cal or control groups(P0.05).Conclusion:Calcitriol has immune suppression on obliterative bronchiolitis and the synergism between calcitriol and Csa was observd.


The article considers published sources of domestic and foreign research concerning the quality of health of children of various age groups born after in vitro fertilization.


The invention belongs to the technical field of image processing, and particularly relates to a method for segmenting an adrenal tumor of a medical CT (computed tomography) image based on sparse representation. The method comprises the following steps of utilizing a trained over-complete dictionary which is sensitive to a boundary to decompose the interest region of a two-dimensional CT image into image subblocks, and performing sparse representation; for the obvious difference of absolute values of first coefficients obtained by sparse decomposition of a homogeneous region and a non-homogeneous region of the image, selecting a proper threshold value to distinguish the coefficients, and obtaining the corresponding image boundary subblocks and a binary image; utilizing a region growth method to grow a rough profile of the tumor on the binary image, using the rough profile as the initial profile of a horizontal set segmenting method, and performing multiple iteration, so as to obtain the final boundary of the tumor. The method has the advantages that the automation degree of the image segmenting of the adrenal tumor in the image is greatly improved, the reliance degree of the horizontal set segmenting method on the initial profile is reduced, and the segmenting result is more accurate.


Since the development of sparsity techniques by Tinney, the power-flow program has become an extremely effective and often used tool for planning electric power networks. This program solves for the unknowns--voltages, phase angles, etc.--of a set of simultaneous nonlinear algebraic equations, the ac power-flow equations. The optimum power flow is likely to replace, in due time, the normal power flow in many important planning functions discussed in this paper. A number of mathematical programming techniques have recently been studied to solve the optimum power flow and several small-to-medium sized experimental programs have been written. The generalized reduced gradient (GRG), one of the most elegant nonlinear-programming techniques, is described and it is shown how it can be extended to solve optimum power flows of very high dimension (of the order of several thousand nodes). This extension consists mainly of using sparsity techniques in several of the solution steps of the GRG.


The importance of use of fuses as protection elements in DC circuits has increased recently. This article deals with some theoretical points and explanations of basic notions in DC circuits. Further on, some of the most common applications are described, where conventional shortcircuit protection is not sufficient enough and special requirements of designers or customers are necessary. Besides world trends in the field, some ETI new products, developed for DC circuits are presented. INTRODUCTION – THEORY As DC fuses have become more and more important lately, we will have a closer look at the situation in the field of short circuit protection in DC circuits. The fuses are a universal protection element for AC and DC ciruits. Certainly, the capability to break a short circuit is different for AC and DC conditions of use. There is no universal formula to determine the highest rated DC voltage on the basis of the maximum fuse AC voltage data. To understand the proper use of DC circuit fuses, we have to know some of the basic information on their operation principle. Current-timing and other power fuse characteristics are normally issued in the production catalogues. They are concentrated on AC rating for 50 Hz frequency (sometimes even 60 Hz). The voltage of this frequency is more often used in public and industry electricity supply The DC fuses were used in the past too, mainly in low-voltage and low-power circuits (for example, entertainment electronics, vehicle installation short circuit protection). Of course, some usual applications of DC fuses are known on the market, like electric motor protection in towing vehicles (locomotives and trams), electromagnets and freight vehicles using accumulator energy (forklifts). Here is an example of a forklift fuse:


Anogeissus leiocarpus and Sansiviera liberica are plants used in traditional medicine as antiviral agents. A preliminary study of the bioactive constituents was carried out using Liquid Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) technique. Free radical scavenging activity of the crude extracts were determined using 2,2-diphenyl picrylhydrazyl radical method. Results obtained showed that Anogeissus leiocarpus and Sansiviera liberica were rich in alkaloids and their glycosides. Methanol extract of stem of Anogeissus leiocarpus (MSAL) at 1.0 mg/mL was more active than methanol extract of the twig of Sansevieria liberica (MTSL) with %inhibition of 79.5% and 78.1% respectively in the free radical scavenging assay. These activities were significant when compared with butylated hydroxylanisole and ascorbic acid. This study has given a clue to the traditional application of these two plants as antiviral agents in ethnomedicine.


FIG. 3. Qualitative images of initial and residual c-H2AX foci. c-H2AX foci (red) in tissue sections of mouse skin at 2 Gy 30 min after irradiation and at 0 and 10 Gy 7 days after irradiation for four different mouse strains. Radiosensitive SCID and BALB/c mice show greater number of residual breaks marked by c-H2AX on day 7 at 10 Gy. Visualizations of surface rendered 3D mouse skin (last column) after 10 Gy, 7 days after irradiation using Imaris (Bitplane) (1003 magnification) illustrates spatial localization of late c-H2AX foci. RADIATION RESEARCH 173, 399–400 (2010) 0033-7587/10 $15.00 g 2010 by Radiation Research Society. All rights of reproduction in any form reserved.


By using operational deflection shapes(ODS) technology,the vibration of a tilt open drum washing machine(7-600Hz)during dehydration was investigated.Combining with the noise measurement results,the correlation between vibration and noise during dehydration was preliminary discussed.It showed that,the vibration of the machine excited by the unbalance force of the running parts and the electromagnetic force of the electromotor,and the low-frequency noise was closely related to the vibration.The noise level of both left and right sides were higher than front and back sides.To decrease the noise level,it can modify the frequency-response of the machine.


Semiclassical and exact quantum methods have been used to calculate the positions and residues of Regge poles for two interatomic potentials. A Lennard-Jones (6,4) potential with parameters approximating H+-Ar collisions and a Lennard-Jones (12,6) potential with parameters approximating the elastic scattering of K by HBr have been used. There is good agreement between the semiclassical and quantum calculations both for the pole positions and modulus and phase of the residues. Some properties of Regge trajectories for the Lennard-Jones (12,6) potential are also investigated.


Abstract. Ahmad J, Kandowangko NY, Solang M, Najamuddin E. 2021. Morphological characteristics and nutritional value of binthe kiki, a local maize variety from Gorontalo, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 3523-3529. Gorontalo is among the coastal areas in Tomini bay with diverse varieties of local maize. Despite that, the population of local maize has seen a steady decline over the years. A literature study reports that local maize has adapted well to the environment in which it grows. Local maize is also hailed by the community as a source of food, animal feed, and the main ingredient of traditional medicines. The present study aims to investigate the morphological characteristics and nutritional value of binthe kiki local maize variety. Employing a quantitative descriptive method, the data of morphological characteristics were collected by referring to the maize descriptor guidelines, while the data of the nutritional value of maize kernels (regarding the proximate and mineral contents) were analyzed by referring to the Indonesian National Standard and Association of Official Agricultural Chemists (AOAC) standards. The findings show that the morphological characteristics of binthe kiki variety are as follows: (i) an average plant height of 161 cm; (ii) each stalk has three cobs with an average height of 119 cm; (iii) an average stalk circumference of 6.35 cm; (iv) an average of 12 leaves per stalk; (v) 71.12 cm of an average length of leaves; (vi) 5.21 cm of an average width of leaves; (vii) the direction of the leaf blade, on average, is slightly curved; (viii) the average leaf tip is pointed; (ix) an average cob length of 8.4 cm; (x) an average cob diameter of 2.74 cm; (xi) an average cob weight (without husk) of 0.054 kg/cob; (xii) an average of 24 kernels per row; (xiii) an average weight per 1000 kernels of 145 gram. Binthe kiki variety has high contents of protein, carbohydrate, zinc, and calcium, yet it is low in fat contents compared to other varieties.


Automated imaging has become a commonplace and widespread technique for researchers aiming to increase both biological and medical knowledge. Systematic high-throughput screening approaches produce a vast amount of data that needs to be quantified automatically. To address this problem, we present an extended version of the open-source MATLAB toolbox Gait-CAD providing integrated tools for automated image analysis, video object tracking and data mining. Gait-CAD offers a convenient graphical user interface (GUI) and is shipped with a great selection of predefined, customizable plugins for both image analysis and data mining. The plugin-based architecture and templates for customized tools provide easy expandability in order to develop comprehensive data-analysis pipelines. Process automation via batch-files and macro recording functionality enables the handling of large datasets like multi-dimensional 2D or 3D images and videos. The scope of the presented tools ranges from automated high-throughput toxicity testing in zebrafish embryos to cellular analysis tasks in developmental biology. In both examples, the toolbox is successfully applied for pre-processing, normalization, segmentation and tracking of spatio-temporal microscopy images, as well as for subsequent data mining and report generation. As automatically acquired images tend to differ in each recording, researchers can significantly accelerate parameter adjustments, process automation and result visualization by using the presented software. The toolbox is not limited to these applications, but they already reveal the great potential of the extended Gait-CAD release. The presented toolbox is a powerful instrument for data analysis in life sciences. A user-friendly GUI provides functionality to create sophisticated approaches even for users with limited programming knowledge. Licensed under the GNU General Public License (GNU-GPL), the toolkit is freely available and can be downloaded at http://sourceforge.net/projects/gait-cad/.


In order to find optimal structures for realistic applications, it is essential to include the real material behavior in the optimization process. For this purpose, this research focuses on thermodynamic topology optimization accounting for plasticity for which a surrogate material model is developed. Characteristically, the stress/strain diagram resulting from physical loading and unloading shows a hysteresis for classical plasticity models. Our material model takes only the physical loading during the optimization process into account. To this end, during a virtual unloading in the optimization process, the dissipation of energy is suppressed which yields the same elasto/plastic deformation state as for physical loading. By using this novel material model, optimized structures can be computed without resourceful classical path‐dependent plasticity computation.


Because of the large amount of material that has been published since the last review of "The Terpenes, Saponins, and Closely Related Substances" (1) , the present review has been limited to the triter penes. Even for this group of compounds, all of the detailed chemistry on which the arguments for structure are based will not be given but only a summary of the present status of the fleld.1 Besides those ap pearing previously in this publication (l, 2, 3), mention should be made of the excellent reviews of this field by Haworth (4) and by Spring (5). The triterpcnes are natural products containing thirty carbon atoms whose carbon skeleton is believed to be divisible into isopentanp units (isoprene rule) . They are distributed widely in the plant king dom and maY' occur in alI parts of the plant, free or combined with sugars. The glycosides constitute one group of the saponins and the aglycones formed on hydrolysis usually are referred to as triterpene sapogenins.2 Table I lists the sources and molecular formulas of the more extensively investigated triterpenes, while Table II lists some compounds which probably are triterpenes and have been the subject of recent investigations. It is of interest to note that whereas previ ously all triterpenes, with the exception of the open-chain hydrocarbon squalene, have been obtained from plant sources, lanosterol and agnos terol were isolated first from wool fat where they are associated with the zoosterol, cholesterol (21) . Both lanosterol and cryptosterol are present in the complex mixture of phytosterols from yeast (20) and �-amyrin is associated with the phytosterols, stigmasterol and sitos terol, in the dandelion root (50) . Zimmermann (37) has stated that whereas triterpenes have been isolated from all parts of different plants, only in the case of the dande lion have triterpenes been shown to be present in different parts of the same plant. It seems probable that other cases will be found but in


This invention relates to a condensation prod lict and to methods of producing the same, more particularly it relates to a condensation product formed from extracted pine wood pitch and an aldehyde and to methods for the production of this material. Extracted pine wood pitch, which is complex resinous material whose exact composition is un known, Comprises the residue left after the sepa ration of rosin, turpentine and other more valu able constituents of pine wood. It has heretofore been considered substantially commercially valueless and has accordingly ordinarily been dis carded. The pine wood pitch for use in the production of Condensation products in accordance with this invention, as has been indicated, is obtained in connection with the production of wood rosin from pine wood. The pine wood pitch will com prise a residue low in abietic acid remaining after the separation of refined rosin high in abietic acid from the resinous material obtained by extraction of pine wood with a solvent. It is characterized by substantial insolubility in cold petroleum hy drocarborás, but will differ somewhat in its specific characteristics, such as acid number, melting point, exact petroleum ether solubility and con


The antibacterial effect of essential oils of thyme ( Thymus vulgaris ),bergamot( Citrus bergamia ) , garlic( Allium sativum ) , french lavender( Lavandula stoechas )clove ( Caryophyllus aromaticum ),eucalyptus( Eycalyptus globus ) against Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi were investigated. When essential oils were applied by dropping on absorbent paper disks and mixing with bacterial suspension thyme, bergamot, garlic, french lavender, clove, eucalyptus essential oils have been found effective more than others. It is detected that as the dose of essential oils increased, the antibacterial effect increased. Bacterial population did not change after 24 h growth in different treatment of essential oils at different times, but relative decrease in bacterial population at 0, 1, 3, and 6 h growing were observed. Especially, thyme essential oil showed the highest antibacterial effect, in all of the applications in different doses. Thyme was the most effective essential oil. Bergamot, lavender and eucalyptus essential oils followed thethymeessential oil, respectively.


0.05). In the two groups, no significant difference in the mean blood loss was observed during 24 hours after the operation (660±300 ml in Group 1 and 655±280 ml in Group 2, P>0.05). In Group 1, the mean volume autotransfused was 280±160 ml, and the patients required 360±80 ml banked blood compared with 660±120 ml in Group 2. In other words, the banked blood requirement in Group 1 was 40% lower. Conclusions Autotransfusion of shed mediastinal blood after an open heart operation is safe and effective.


Jonathan Calof* Professor, Telfer School of Management Ottawa Canada, University of Ottawa, Extraordinary Professor, North-West University, Potechefstroom, South Africa, Leading Research Fellow, Laboratory for Science and Technology Studies, Institute for Statistical Studies and Economics of Knowledge, National Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE), Moscow, Russia: email email@example.com +1 (613) 228-0509


In the paper, some selected aspects of the human body motion in a vehicle subjected to a blast load are discussed, especially as related to the dominant injury area, the vertebral column. As far as the blast attenuating seat is concerned, various strategies of human body acceleration are presented and tested against the biomechanical criterion - Dynamic Response Index (DRIz). The profile of the force acting on the passenger is optimized with the use of a simple model. The results show that for this criterion, the two-staged acceleration process is optimal with the first impulse compressing the spine and second impulse keeping the spine compressed. The full system containing the human body model (deformable Hybrid III ATD) and the blast attenuating seat were prepared in the LS-DYNA explicit code. The numerical simulations of the body motion for the range of boundary conditions and various damping element stiffness were conducted and results were discussed including obtained DRIz values. The importance of the cushion stiffness and seat belts role was emphasized and the ability of constant force damping system to generate two-pulse acceleration profile was discussed.


The effectiveness of RPT on bio-psycho-social parameters among 24 alcohol dependents were done in selected de-addiction centre at Thanjavur district. 12 samples were in experiment and 12 were in control group samples were selected by using cluster sampling Technique. The research design used for this study was True experimental pre test - post test control group design. Data were collected through interview method by using 3 standardized Questionnaires, 1 semi-structured questionnaire and laboratory test method was used to assess the bio-psycho-social parameters. The obtained paired 'T' test score had significant effect on 'P' Value <0.05 in bio logical parameters (Audit) - psycho-social parameters and there was no significant effect in SGOT & SGPT levels in experimental group and bio-psycho-social parameters of Control groups. It indicates the given RPT was effective, in experimental groups of IAD and DAD there was a highly positive significant correlation and there was a moderate positive significant correlation in control group. The obtained unpaired 't' test score for comparison between experimental and control groups showed a significant difference in bio(Audit) Psycho-Social parameters of the experimental group alone and no difference in control groups of IAD and DAD. The comparison between IAD and DAD group had significant difference in Bio(Audit) psycho social parameters of the experimental groups. Hence the study result revealed that RPT was effective for the experimental groups. And RPT with Care givers support was more effective in DAD experimental group when compared with IAD experimental and Control groups. So RPT with care givers support was more effective on bio-psycho-social parameters of alcohol dependents.


Online news is a journalistic product reports the facts or events that are produced and distributed via internet. However, not all of the information through online media is a real facts, also described as hoax. The large number of hoax news occurs, of course, deliver the impact on the people who look on the news, so it could cause misperceptions or inappropriate actions. We exploit a web scraping technique to extract the content from search search engines results. Furthermore, we employ the C4.5 algorithm for the classification process. There were three parameters as references: invitation to spread the news, credibility of the sources, and provoking title. The results of this work were a decision tree, that able to classify a news content as a hoax or legitimate. From the experiments which carried out, the accuracy of classification using the web scraping and C4.5 algorithm achieved 80% of success rate in determining the hoax.


The size and size distribution of small metal particles on surfaces can be manipulated with laser light. This has become possible by use of a nonthermal desorption process based on surface plasmon excitation in the particles. Most importantly, a considerable narrowing of a given size distribution on a surface can be achieved. Recent experiments on the desorption mechanism and the size manipulation are summarized.


There is provided a method and a radio base station for selecting a first user equipment (UE) from the UE and at least a second plurality of UE, for sharing multiple input multiple output (MIMO) transmission in the time - frequency dimension transport resources. Estimate (410, 420) respectively such that the first and second UE imperfection first and second channel state information (CSI) available for. Estimate (450) the spatial correlation between the first UE and at least a second UE, and if both the first and second imperfection are determined to be above (430, 440) a first threshold and the spatial correlation determination below (460) a second threshold value, and selecting the first UE to share at least a second time (470) - frequency of transmission resource dimension.


Disclosed are a taxol phospholipid compound, a pharmaceutical composition and a use thereof. In the invention, the pharmaceutical composition comprises a composition of the taxol phospholipid compound and a pharmacodynamically acceptable carrier, and is a liquid preparation, a solid preparation, a semi-solid preparation, a capsule, a granule, a gel or an injection. The pharmaceutical composition is a liposome nanoparticle prepared by using the taxol phospholipid compound and an adjuvant, and the particle size of the nanoparticle is 10-1000 nm.


ABSTRACT A serotype 1 Streptococcus pneumoniae strain isolated by blood culture from a woman with pneumonia was found to harbor insertion sequence (IS) 1515 in the pneumolysin gene, abolishing pneumolysin expression. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an IS in the pneumolysin gene of S. pneumoniae.


After reacting at 85~105℃ and pH7 for 5h, 0-glucose and L-leucine produce brown reaction product. Through the GC-MS analysis to the ether solubility show that the product contain many fragrant compounds, such as furans, pyrans, enters and ketones et al. physical and chemical character of tobacco sheet can improve obviously when add 2% this product.


Well‐established, linear multivariate calibration methods such as multivariate least‐squares regression (MLR), principal component regression (PCR), or partial least squares (PLS) have two limitations: (i) measured data must be linearly related to the response variables and (ii) predictor variables xn = 1, …, N cannot be coupled to each other. For evaluation of nonlinear data, however, these restrictions need to be overcome and thus polynomial multivariate least‐squares regression (PMLR or "response surfaces") has been introduced here. PMLR is based on multivariate least squares but incorporates all combinations of predictor variables up to a user‐selected polynomial order (e.g., xiu⋅xjv including u or v = 0). Because of the inclusion of such coupled terms and their powers, PMLR models are better adapted to model nonlinear data and can help to enhance the prediction step's accuracy and precision. PMLR has been based on MLR because it facilitates—unlike PCR or PLS—a physical and chemical interpretation of the predictors. Hence, the origins and the relevance of nonlinear and/or coupled predictors can be investigated. The details of the PMLR algorithm and its implementation are presented along with a method for model optimization utilizing gradients of response surfaces.


This paper presents a new digital solution of pre-biased voltage protection and voltage margining which used in DC-DC converter,regarding to the case of the modern electronic system.The proposed circuit of pre-biased voltage protection and voltage margining features is achieved by the platform based on Complex Programmable Logic Device(CPLD).The experimental results show the correctness of the digital solution.


The establishment of the property right system of "Pearl River model" starts from decentralization and profit-sharing process, goes gradually into the property right reform of various production factors, and finally forms the model of enterprise property right coexisting with governmental property right.Due to the company doctrine taken by the government, insufficient supply of public goods, inadequate protection of high-level production factors and weak awareness of enterprise innovation, the current property right reform with "Pearl River model" gets into trouble. It argues that the possibility of establishing a service-oriented government is essential for deepening the property right reform with "Pearl River model".


A description is presented of the application of an object-oriented approach to software development for the VDU (visual display unit) system in the DRMASS (digital ratio multiple access subscriber system) project. In this development, design and prototyping were accomplished using Smalltalk, and then afterward the production system was coded in C++ based on this design. The applied developmental process is described, and the effects and problems of the process are clarified from three points of view: the application of object-oriented paradigm, design and prototyping in Smalltalk, and a translation of Smalltalk into C++. The object-oriented development future is examined.<<ETX>>


With an intensification of globalization a vast majority of the under-developed states are experiencing a high level of economic growth due to their economic relationship with the developed states. At the same time there has been a lack of significant economic relationships between the developing countries. Therefore, this article explores the potential of a South-South economic relationship by evaluating the case studies of India and Brazil. I initially identify the causal factors that bought about a structural change within the economies of these two nations. Post this, I evaluate the changes in the global economy that have made such an economic cooperation more important now than ever before. Finally, I identify the areas in which these two states can expand their economic relationship and conclude with the potential of such an economic relationship for the future of the South-South Cooperation initiative.


Arithmetic technique facilitates high-speed rounding of 2's complement binary data. Conventional rounding of 2's complement numbers presents problems in high-speed digital circuits. Proposed technique consists of truncating K + 1 bits then attaching bit in least significant position. Mean output error is zero, eliminating introducing voltage offset at input.


The article introduces the system design,design features,rate of flow,calculation of noise and calculation and actual measurement data validation for the oxygen enrichment,air blast regulation station for blast furnace iron making in the metallurgy industry.


As digital cameras become more and more popular recently, it is very easy for us to take many digital photos. Unfortunately, they are rarely true measurements of relative radiance in the scene due to the limited dynamic range in the image acquisition devices. High dynamic range (HDR) images emphasis in image processing fields because they can accommodate a greater dynamic range of luminance between the brightest and darkest parts of an image. Dynamic range is the ratio between the brightest and darkest luminance values of a scene. In general, human eyes can handle a very large dynamic range of approximately 100000:1 in a single view. However, a standard photo taken with a standard camera with film or an electronic imaging array always has a limited dynamic range [1]. A standard image, called a LDR image, cannot reproduce the luminance ratio observed in the real world. A scene containing very bright highlights and deep shadows always loses some detail if the exposure time is not suitably determined. Over the past decade, many researchers have developed HDR imaging techniques (Debevec & Malik, 1997)(Reinhard et al, 2005) (Reinhard et al, 2007). Debevec and Malik proposed a method to recover the single high dynamic range radiance map from multiple images with different exposure times (Debevec & Malik, 1997), this method has been implemented in many HDR software.


Abstract : The goal of this brief effort was to determine the feasibility of developing a process that verifies if critical information system software patches behave as intended and introduce only the specific functionality identified for the patch. Based on our research, examination and experimentation, we have not only determined that it would be feasible to develop such a process, but also that this process and associated technology and standards are desperately needed.


Financial institutions have a very big role in developing people's growth in the industrial era. Among them is BMT. BMT is a business entity that has a legal entity as a cooperative and must comply with the rules regarding cooperatives. This study aims to determine the role of BMT NU Grujugan Branch through community economic empowerment programs and the community's perspective on the role of BMT Nuansa Ummat Grujugan Branch. The type of method used in this research is a qualitative method with a field research approach. Data collection in this study was carried out through observation, interviews, and documentation techniques. The informant determination technique is Snowball sampling. Informants in this study included the head of the BMT NU branch, the financing department, the savings section, customers who took financing and the recipients of social funds. The findings of this study show that the role of BMT Nuansa Ummat Grujugan Branch in empowering the community's economy is very high, covering several things including operational activities carried out in accordance with sharia principles, distancing the community from non-Islamic economic practices, as intermediaries between shohibul maal and the duafa/mudharib in terms of collecting and developing social funds.


The utility model relates to a bearing type aluminum alloy vehicle body of an electric automobile. The vehicle body comprises a vehicle body upper part and a vehicle body lower part, wherein all parts of the vehicle body upper part are made of aluminum alloy, a process is of punch forming of aluminum alloy plates via a die, and an aluminum welding technology is adopted for welding all the parts of the vehicle body upper part; and all the parts of the vehicle body lower part are made of the aluminum alloy, the process is of blank-forming of the aluminum alloy plates and aluminum alloy pipes, and the aluminum welding technology is also adopted for welding all the parts of the vehicle body lower part. The aluminum alloy vehicle body has the advantages of very high bearing strength, anti-bending stiffness and anti-torsion stiffness; and after the aluminum alloy material is adopted, the dead weight of a vehicle is greatly reduced and the mileages of continuation of the vehicle can be greatly increased.


General type of hydrant system subarea was compared in high building In particular, supply water type of multiple outlet pump in parallel subarea, decompression type of decompression valve and supply water type of the subarea in series were probed into separately


Hydrophobicity detection is of great significance to the condition monitoring of composite insulators, is an important guarantee for the safe operation of transmission lines. Therefore, this article proposes a hydrophobicity diagnosis method based on an improved residual neural network. The method consists of an improved residual neural network, an image quality booster, and an image enhancement module. Among them, the improved residual network reduces the convergence time of the model by adding the Focus algorithm. The image quality booster uses a deconvolution algorithm to effectively solve the image distortion problem. At the same time, the image enhancement module improves the generalization ability of the model through the GEM algorithm. On the other hand, the method locates the diagnostic area of composite insulators in a weakly supervised manner and is able to evaluate the hydrophobicity level of insulators at different locations simultaneously. Field tests show that this method can well meet the actual maintenance needs and eliminate the judgment difference of manual detection. Compared with current hydrophobic detection models, the method has greater advantages in terms of detection accuracy and operating speed.


OBJECTIVE: Refractory status epilepticus is one of the most life-threatening neurological emergencies and is characterized by high morbidity and mortality. Additionally, the use of anti-inflammatory drugs during this period is very controversial. Thus, this study has been designed to analyze the effect of a low dose of indomethacin (a COX inhibitor) on the expression of inflammatory molecules. METHOD: The hippocampus of rats submitted to pilocarpine-induced long-lasting status epilepticus was analyzed to determine the expression of inflammatory molecules with RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Compared with controls, reduced levels of the kinin B2 receptors IL1β and TNFα were found in the hippocampus of rats submitted to long-lasting status epilepticus and treated with indomethacin. CONCLUSIONS: These data show that low doses of indomethacin could be employed to minimize inflammation during long-lasting status epilepticus.


The following case report, although of interest from the diagnostic point of view, may be of far greater importance to physicians personally and their families. It is being presented as a warning to doctors who may carelessly misplace "medical samples" in their homes.
 A 21-month-ld female child, daughter of a physician, while taking an afternoon stroll with her parents, suddenly "tripped" and fell to the sidewalk. When picked up, she staggered repeatedly and was unable to regain normal balance.


This paper will describe the development and implementation of an Adaptive System Prototype with the aim to manage an automated and customized learning experience. After the first in-depth study on the usefulness and effectiveness of personalized learning approach, the research team intended to fill the gap between the theory of personalized learning environments and its practice trough the development of an adaptive learning plugin implemented on mostly used, Open Source, Learning Management Systems. The developed technology, follow the goal to identify any end user of the LMS, create a customized user profile with their starting skills and learning preferences in order to automatically tailor a personalized learning path. The main purpose is to maximize student's performance. This paper describes the main steps for the implementation of the prototype of this Adaptive Learning System named iO3 (intelligent Open Cube), as it will be an intelligent, Open Source, Open Learning, Open Plugin system. Key-Words: Adaptive learning, Automatic Learning Path design, e-learning, Personalized Learning Environments.


Diamond crystallization in the Mg–Si–C system has been studied at high-pressure high-temperature conditions of 7 GPa and 1500–1900 °C. The features of nucleation and growth of diamond from the carbon solution in the Mg–Si melt are established. The degree of the graphite-to-diamond transformation is found to depend significantly on the crystallization temperature. As opposed to the pure Mg–C system where the cubic morphology dominates, the octahedron with the antiskeletal structure of faces is the dominant form of growth in the Mg–Si–C system over the entire temperature range. The possibility of epitaxial growth of silicon carbide tetrahedral crystals on diamond upon their co-crystallization was noted. Synthesized diamonds are found to contain optically active silicon-vacancy (Si-V) centers and inactive substitutional silicon defects, giving rise to the 1.68 eV system in the photoluminescence spectra and an absorption peak at 1338 cm−1 in the infrared absorption spectra, respectively.


Advertisement detection in a TV video recording/archiving system is a challenging task. In this paper, shot change (hard cut) detection that is based on "inter-frame difference", "normalized difference energy" and the "normalized sum of absolute differences" and its comparison with a threshold are discussed. The effects of changing video threshold on hard cut detection have been summarized. A threshold value is evaluated for the efficient extraction of complete advertisement. Effects of various thresholds are extensively tested on more than 20 hrs of TV video streams. The frequency of shot breaks along with blank frames is considered as a key component in advertisement detection. Results of these MATLAB and LabVIEW based computer simulations have been reported.


Background: Considering the proven significance of interplay between environmental and genetic factors in cancer, we aimed at determining whether any association exists between genetic polymorphisms in biotransformation enzymes and colorectal cancer (CRC). Design and Subjects: Case-control study comprised of 314 CRC patients and 591 controls of Czech origin. Methods and Results: Frequencies and distribution of polymorphisms in cytochrome P450 1B1, epoxide hydrolase, NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase and glutathione S-transferase were followed by restriction analysis of PCR fragments. Statistical analysis showed: 1/ The lack of association of particular polymorphisms with CRC risk in unselected population. 2/ Female carriers of variant genotype in quinone oxidoreductase were at more than three-fold risk of CRC in comparison with those carrying normal genotype (P = 0.034). There was no association of this polymorphism with CRC risk in males, but its role in breast cancer was published in Czech and Austrian populations. 3/ The most interesting gene combinations seemed to be those comprising of glutathione S-transferases as associations of borderline significance were found (P < 0.1). 4/ Age played no role as confounding factor. Conclusions: First study of this kind in Czech population showed that polymorphisms in biotransformation enzymes may affect onset of CRC. Further studies should be focused at searching for differences in exposure between genders, assessment of importance of larger selection of low penetrance genes and polymorphism combinations.


The coprime array (CPA) has attracted extensive attention in the field of adaptive beamforming (ABF) because of its large array aperture and high degree of freedom. To make full use of this characteristic, several algorithms based on hole filling have been proposed to improve the performance of ABF. However, these algorithms have disadvantages in computation and noise robustness, which are difficult to adapt to complex and changeable environments. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a CPA-ABF algorithm based on low-tubal-rank tensor decomposition. First, the multi-sampling virtual signal matrix of the CPA is rearranged into a tensor form, and the missing cross-correlation information is completed using its low tubal rank. Then, signal parameters are extracted from the completed tensor data and matched with the target a priori. Finally, the ABF weight vector is obtained. The algorithm uses ADMM and Tucker decomposition to improve the efficiency of tensor completion and decomposition. The designed target matching scheme also effectively controls the algorithm error. The simulation results show the advantages of the algorithm in performance and computational complexities compared with existing methods, especially in the case of low signal-to-noise ratios and a small number of samples.


Monitoring seagrass habitats is required by many agencies and jurisdictions including Natural Resource Management (NRM) regions in Australia. Baseline mapping of seagrass habitats is proceeding in Tasmania, Australia and the next stage will be to conduct regular monitoring of extent and condition. This paper presents a summary of the results of recent research that addressed outstanding issues in reliable measurement of seagrass condition with optical remote sensing. The results enable the proposal of a new monitoring methodology based on sampling habitats with "mega‐quadrats" (around 200 m x 200 m) extracted from "low tech" imagery and present a prototype image visualisation comparison matrix (IVCM).


Listening comprehension test is an important part of the language test.Thus,in the design of listening tests,the test de signer should achieve the unification of its reliability and validity.This paper dwells on the two important factors—reliability and validity in listening testing:explain the concepts of reliability and validity;factors influencing reliability and validity;the problems in listening testing design and how to deal with them.


The numerous commentaries on our article were stimulating, constructive, and useful to us in refining our own thinking about the socialization of emotion. We thank our colleagues for their thoughtful comments. We also were struck by the degree to which the themes in the commentaries were extensions of features of our heuristic model or of ideas presented in the text; in only a few cases (e.g., Wenzlaff & Eisenberg) did the themes of the commentaries relate to ideas that were not at least mentioned in our target article. This fact was gratifying because it indicated that our model included many of the strands of research and theory on the socialization of emotion, even if we did not discuss some ideas or research findings in detail. In our reply to the commentaries, we discuss some of the major themes and issues raised by our colleagues. In addition, we have modified our heuristic model to take into account some important issues that were raised.


-Fingerprint authentication is one of the highest levels of reliability and has been extensively used by forensic experts in criminal investigations. Low-quality fingerprint images always exist with cracks, scars, dry skin, poor ridges and valleys contrast of these images. We propose an effective two-stage block wise enhancement scheme in spatial and frequency domain by learning from underlying images. In the first stage, the fingerprint image is enhanced in spatial domain with a spatial ridge-compensation filter. Second-Stage enhances the First-Stage image using Discrete Wavelet Transform in the frequency domain. Keywords--Fingerprint Enhancement, learning, Discrete Wavelet Transform, Wavelet Packet Decomposition.


Covering both the Windows and Mac OS, the strategy for this text is to introduce proper typing positioning through the key addition method. The book includes 125 drill lessons to support each chapter with companion software to track speed and accuracy of typing. Web browser-based software enables access to practice drills and tutorials. Completing the text will provide the student with skills in typing on the full computer keyboard as well as an understanding of common software applications including word processing and data entry. Features +Uses 125 total keyboarding lessons including QWERTY (110), ten key (10), and mobile devices (5). +Shows complete details on how to enter text in word processing and spreadsheet applications (on both Windows and Macintosh operating system platforms) +Covers Microsoft Word 2010 and Office 2011(MAC) +Includes companion DVD with Web browser-based practice software, videos to enable easy access to drills and tutorials +Provides actual documents from industry (medicine, business, etc.) for practice +Contains visual instructions for proper keyboard hand positions and key additions +Each chapter includes chapter exercises, knowledge checks, review questions, and keyboarding drills +Complete instructor s resource package available for text adoption Brief Table of Contents: 1. Word Processing and the QWERTY Keyboard. 2. Typography and Top Row Keys. 3. Document Creation and Bottom Row Keys. 4. Media Elements and Number Keys. 5. Document Editing and Punctuation Keys. 6. Document References and Typing Tests. 7. Spreadsheets and Typing Tables and Numbers. 8. Databases and Data Entry. Appendix A. Mobile Typing and Texting. Appendix B. Additional Word Processing Software.


The development of web based learning environment for constructivist based learning in higher education is presented in the paper. It was based on the ADDIE model. The main orientation of the authors of the system was to take into account recent findings of pedagogical research and availability of new technologies in order to create efficient and effective learning support for the students. Active forms of learning, collaboration and appropriate feedback for independent learners are main characteristics of our learning system, which is student centred and changes radically many former practices in higher education.


The humankind did not and does not attain the required level of the local-global development praxis and cognitive internalization of the (hypothetical) reality to sustain large scale world changes to be a support-set of the decision making regarding local-global development (including pro-market reform and poverty eradication). Technologically-mediated social space has both the potential to create new connections and the possibility to disembody, and remove physicality from human relationships, typically desensitizing us towards eachother and reducing a sense of other as human. The concept of Generosity within the Creative process and Solidarity status highlights a critical tension in the deep social and cultural world. Are we more or less generous in technologically mediated work space, and how do we retain a sense of the other, an-other towards whom I have responsibility to relate and perhaps even care – an-other I value? How do I experience this connection when the connection is mediated through data fragments, through a window I can close with a click? What does this DO to generosity, to self-transcendendence? This interdisciplinary paper tries to facilitate, within social psychological research, the identification of the stages of the complex development of a real social system and their creativity, solidarity, partnership and generosity characteristics; that is a condition and initial point to set out an appropriate guiding system in a contemporary society based on the sociology on the move prospective. Ultimately, this sociological approach can inform policy, leadership, regulation, social-enterprise and socio-political debate, amongst others.


This paper proposes a hybrid duty-cycle Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol named as On-demand Synchronous X-MAC (OSX-MAC) to improve the performance of the X-MAC protocol. X-MAC, one of typical asynchronous duty-cycle MAC protocols, was designed to save energy in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) by allowing awaken receivers to immediately respond in the middle of the preamble transmission. X-MAC, however, still inefficiently wastes a lot of time before delivering data frames due to two drawbacks; unavailability of the receiver's exact wake-up time and the lack of a mechanism to deal with collision frequented in congested WSNs. To solve these two problems, OSX-MAC is equipped with two techniques, an On-demand Schedule Exchange (OSE) scheme and a modified Binary Exponential Backoff (BEB) algorithm. Without the periodic schedule exchange, OSE lets the receiver explicitly provide its wakeup time whenever it acknowledges the sender. After that, the sender can transmit its preambles near the predicted wakeup time of its receiver. To reduce the degree of collisions, OSX-MAC also adopts the modified BEB algorithm that differs from the legacy BEB in that it does not reset the contention window (CW) to the predetermined initial CW but gradually decreases the CW for new transmissions. Simulation experiments confirmed that OSX-MAC outperformed X-MAC in terms of throughput and energy usage in various WSNs.


This study aims to outline the teaching profile of management in undergraduate courses in Dentistry in Brazil. It is a transversal research with a quantitative approach using secondary data. The sample consisted of 327 Higher Education Institutions (HEI) that have undergraduate Dentistry courses enrolled in the Ministry of Education. The collection took place after consultation to the websites of the HEIs, from which the curricular matrices of the courses of Dentistry and their summary were analyzed. We observed the existence of curricular components that addressed the teaching of management. When present, the following information was collected: HEI region, HEI administrative category, nature of the curricular component, offered semester, workload, methodology used and nomenclature. Among the 327 undergraduate courses in Dentistry surveyed, only 27.83% offer management in their curricular matrices. Most curricular components are compulsory (74.72%), offered predominantly in eighth (25.28%) and ninth (24.17%) semesters, with a workload varying between 31 and 60 hours of classes (79.12%) and theoretical classes (60.31%). Thus, we concluded that management education is little explored by undergraduate courses in Dentistry in Brazil, making it necessary to include them in curricular matrices in order to prepare the dentist professional to work in the area of health management.


In this posthumous publication, Elisabeth Young-Bruehl argues that a microcosm/macrocosm trend exists within human and social development. Since the First World War, society has been reeling from accumulative trauma that has many of the characteristics of individual accumulative trauma. Yet, there has been an international movement to heal and achieve coherence within enormous diversity in the name of the child since the United Nations Convention of the Rights of the Child.


This Special Issue collects papers describing managements and monitoring of myopathies. The opening article by Kern et al. shows that in complete lower motor neuron paraplegia, the recovery of tetanic contractility drives the structural improvements of denervated muscle after 1 year of home-based functional electrical stimulation. Gargiulo et al. demonstrate that an improved computational approach of non-invasive medical imaging of human long-term denervated skeletal muscle (quantitative colour threedimensional computer tomography) is able to detect not only macroscopic changes of the muscle volume and shape, but also its tissue composition at microscopic level. In particular, in this study, they show that the epimysium fibrosis can be demonstrated together with the muscle restoration induced by home-based functional electrical stimulation. In fact, in trained muscles, connective tissue and fat were reduced, while muscle tissue increased with respect to the pre-treatment values. These changes are in agreement with the findings from muscle biopsy analyses, and self-evident when epimysium thickness is depicted by isolating the cortical layer of anatomically-defined leg muscles by quantitative colour threedimensional computer tomography. The lack of therapies for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and the ongoing disease progression require for palliative treatments. Therefore, evaluation of the quality of life has acquired increasing importance for patients affected with degenerative diseases with poor prognosis such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Palmieri et al. validate the Italian version of ALSAQ-40 and ALSAQ-5 in a large cohort of Italian patients, characterizing the quality of life in association with muscle strength, motor disability and respiratory failure. Angelini et al. describe the peculiar clinical features of calpainopathy (limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2A) and dysferlinopathy (limb girdle muscular dystrophy type 2B), the most frequent forms of limb girdle muscular dystrophy in European countries. They analyse and compare the phenotype and the disease clinical course in two relatively large groups of patients, suffering from autosomal recessive limbgirdle muscular dystrophies, a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of disorders, characterized by the progressive involvement and wasting of limbgirdle muscles. The most surprising observations reported in this Special Issue are the myopathic features described by Zampieri et al. of muscle biopsies harvested from asymptomatic patients at very early stage of colorectal cancer. A high percentage of the analysed biopsies are characterized by centrally nucleated myofibers, atrophy and molecular markers of muscle fiber regeneration (NCAMand MHCemb-positive myofibers). Factors and mechanisms of this cancerassociated myopathy are yet unknown. The fact that the great majority of the abnormally nucleated myofibers are of the fast type and that regenerating myofibers are present, is indicative of a myogenic response of the skeletal muscle to the colorectal cancer, and suggests that these features are not the consequence of anesthesia and laparoscopy. Followup data from these patients will elucidate the clinical relevance of these observations, and ongoing studies investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying this early cancer-associated myopathy, will hopefully provide some pathogenetic clues leading to the identification of potential specific targets for therapeutic intervention to prevent tumor cachexia. Cell-based therapies are increasingly considered as a very viable approach for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Among the different strategies, myoblast transfer therapy has recently regained the attention of the scientific community, since muscle precursor cells still represent the most easily obtainable and best characterized myogenic cell population. In their paper, Vitiello et al. show how macrophagesecreted factors can be used to solve one of the major problems linked to myoblast transfer therapy, i.e. the possibility to expand the relatively small number of cell that can be isolated from a patient biopsy to the large number of cells needed for ex vivo genetic modification and reimplantation, while maintaining their specific myogenic properties. This research field derives from their previous studies on the role of macrophage-secreted factors in myoblast proliferation and differentiation in vitro and on muscle regeneration in vivo. Their findings constitute solid evidence that macrophage-secreted myogenic factors could bring a significant contribution to the field of therapies for Duchenne muscular dystrophy and other muscle wasting disorders. In their interesting paper, Zavan et al. explore the neural precursor properties of skin-derived precursors cells, concluding that skin may represent an endogenous multipotent, neural crest-related precursor cell source. Using original protocols, skin derived stem cells were isolated and expanded from human skin-adipose tissue and induced to differentiate into neural and mesodermal progenies, including cell types that are not found in skin or in adipose tissue.


Introduction This document provides general information regarding some aspects of the new National Quality Framework and the introduction of the new National Quality Standard and rating system. Readers of this document may also wish to consult the Council of Australian Governments' (COAG) fact sheet series that provides some key information about the new framework. The new framework will be progressively implemented from 1 July 2010 and will apply to long day care, family day care, outside school hours care and preschools from 1 January 2012. Requirements under the new framework relating to staffing arrangements, such as staff-to-child ratios and workforce qualifications, will take place over a number of years. Further advice and guidance on the framework will be provided over the coming months. Background In December 2009, all Australian Governments through COAG agreed to a partnership between the Commonwealth and state and territory governments to establish a National Quality Framework for early childhood education and care. The framework forms part of a broader COAG agenda to pursue substantial reform in the areas of education, skills and early childhood development, to deliver significant improvements in human capital outcomes for all Australians. The Australian Government and state and territory governments recognise the importance of increasing their focus on the early years to ensure the wellbeing of children throughout their lives and to lift the productivity of our nation as a whole. The drive for change in the early childhood sphere is based on clear evidence that the early years of a child's life are very important for their present and future health, development and wellbeing. In July 2009, COAG endorsed Australia's first ever overarching national strategy for early childhood development. Investing in the Early Years: A National Early Childhood Development Strategy provides a blueprint for the future. It outlines a shared vision for the development of young children in Australia that by 2020 all children have the best start in life to create a better future for themselves and for the nation. Focusing on all aspects of children's development from before birth to age eight, the strategy will guide governments and encourage greater engagement between governments, with the non-government sector, and with families around the needs of young children. Over time the strategy will strengthen early childhood and family services and supports, and join service delivery across sectors. It will also deliver improved outcomes for parents, including improved parenting skills and confidence, …


Cell as elastic rod behavior model is proposed to describe its contractile activity. The model takes into account the result of the transduction of external influences, which is resulting in the formation of internal deformation, and evaluates the mobility and/or the tension in the muscle cells under the external influence.


The present invention provides a substrate processing apparatus. The substrate processing apparatus comprising: a drying chamber, the drying chamber remaining on the substrate, the organic solvent was dried substrate was dissolved by use of a fluid as a supercritical fluid provided; the fluid is supplied to the drying chamber supply unit; and recycling unit, which comprises means for separating the organic solvent is recycled fluid is separated from the fluid discharge from the drying chamber, the recirculation unit recirculating fluid supplied to the supply unit. Said separator comprising: wherein introducing a fluid containing a first concentration of organic solvent distiller; heating units for heating the fluid comprises a second concentration of the organic solvent discharged from the distiller, which heating unit vaporized comprises a third concentration of organic solvent the fluid is supplied to the distillation vessel; liquefied condensing unit from a fluid comprising a fourth concentration of the organic solvent discharged from the distiller. The organic solvent has a concentration of successively lower second concentration, the first concentration, the third concentration and a fourth concentration.


Low frequency electrostatic and electromagnetic waves are investigated in ultra-dense quantum magnetoplasma with relativistic-degenerate electron and non-degenerate ion fluids. The dispersion relation is derived for mobile as well as immobile ions by employing hydrodynamic equations for such plasma under the influence of electromagnetic forces and pressure gradient of relativistic-degenerate Fermi gas of electrons. The result shows the coexistence of shear Alfven and ion modes with relativistically modified dispersive properties. The relevance of results to the dense degenerate plasmas of astrophysical origin (for instance, white dwarf stars) is pointed out with brief discussion on ultra-relativistic and non-relativistic limits.


A two-phase model was developed to study the impact of the capillary property of the gas diffusion (GDL) and catalyst layers (CL) and the saturation-level jump condition at the interface between these two dissimilar materials on the liquid water transport rate and the liquid water saturation levels in these porous layers and the performance of the cathode of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). The study involves adjusting various aspects of the capillary curves of these porous layers and studying how these changes affect the cathode electrochemical performance to identify the most sensitive aspects. The simulated results show that fuel cell performance and the liquid water saturation levels in the CL and GDL depend on both the individual two-phase properties of these components and their interactions at the GDL/CL interface. The boundary condition at the GDL/ channel interface for saturated air operation constrains the transport phenomenon in the GDL and CL to the hydrophobic regions of the capillary pressure curves. It was also found that capillary properties of the GDL had a more significant effect on the fuel cell performance than those of the CL, and better fuel cell performance was obtained with GDL and CL with high capillary diffusion capability and low hydrophilic porosity.


With all deference to Dr. Johnson, the large bowel's tolerance of abundant accumulations of fieculent matter does not afford conclusive evidence that it is in general, cceteris paribus, more torpid and less sensitive than the small intestine. These accu. mulations depend upon a morbid condition, which might not have existed in Dr. Handfield Jones's patient. For my own part, I have so frequently ob. served the same thing, that I have no hesitation in adopting the explanation of Dr. Jones. If Dr. John. son could prove that this morbid condition of bowel existed in Dr. Jones's patient, then, and then only, might there be a show of truth in his view of the case.Q Dr. Johnson informs us that, in order to treat cholera homceopathically, we should have to administer his cholera-cathartine to them. Such would not be homoeopathic, but isopathic, treatment, as in vaccinating for the relief or prevention of small-pox. 'O,Aowus (like) and I1os (equal) are no more the same thing, than that a part is equal to the whole. Dr. Johnson wishes to know whether or not I am a homceopath. My professional brethren here know full well my sentiments on the subject; and I feel confident that neither my actions nor my writings have ever belied them. As for Dr. Johnson himself, I have too great an estimation of his talents, acquirements, and honour, ever to suspect him of knowingly leaning to such an exclusive system. Dr. Johnson having neither time nor inclination to defend his theory and practice from the imputation of being thought "purely homceopathic"', I shall not again trouble him on so sore a subject; but go direct to the point at once. In my next, I shall endeavour to show that the phenomena of collapse and elimination are not so causally related to one another as is generally thought and believed by most parties-a fact which will be found to account for much of the discrepancy of opinion which exists as regards the necessity for this or that particular kind of treatment of cholera. In conclusion, I never thought that so astute a reasoner as yourself could have any difficulty in reconciling the opposite practices of blood-letting and transfusion in the collapse stage of cholera; indeed, I distinctly stated that neither would have any such difficulty; but as I do not at present believe in Dr. Johnson's theory of collapse, however beautifully and elaborately spun, any more than I believe in the treatment of vomiting and purging by emetocathartics, so ably advocated by you both, I must postpone replying to your closing remark. I am, etc., THO. SKINNER. 1, St. James kLoad, Liverpool, Jtune 12dL, 1866.


Background: When a rescuer walks alongside a stretcher and compresses the patient's chest, the rescuer produces low-quality chest compressions. We hypothesized that a stretcher equipped with wing boards allows for better chest compressions than the conventional method. Methods: In this prospective, randomized, crossover study, we enrolled 45 medical workers and students. They performed hands-on chest compressions to a mannequin on a moving stretcher, while either walking (the walk method) or riding on wings attached to the stretcher (the wing method). The depths of the chest compressions were recorded. The participants' vital signs were measured before and after the trials. Results: The average compression depth during the wing method (5.40 ± 0.50 cm) was greater than during the walk method (4.85 ± 0.80 cm; p < 0.01). The average compression rates during the two minutes were 215 ± 8 and 217 ± 5 compressions in the walk and wing methods, respectively (p = ns). Changes in blood pressure (14 ± 11 vs. 22 ± 14 mmHg), heart rate (32 ± 13 vs. 58 ± 20 bpm), and modified Borg scale (4 (interquartile range: 2–4) vs. 6 (5–7)) were significantly lower in the wing method cohort compared to the walking cohort (p < 0.01). The rescuer's size and physique were positively correlated with the chest compression depth during the walk method; however, we found no significant correlation in the wing method. Conclusions: Chest compressions performed on the stretcher while moving using the wing method can produce high-quality chest compressions, especially for rescuers with a smaller size and physique.


The impact of the mirror self-weight or other structural stress may cause bad optical imaging quality. The large-diameter primary mirror was optimized based on variable density topology optimization method and in the condition of gravity to satisfy the design requirements. A new primary mirror has been designed, comparing which with the traditional lightweight primary mirror in the method of finite element analysis, the results prove that the new primary mirror is superior to the traditional model in the lightweight rate, surface accuracy and structural rigidity, so the paper puts forward a new idea in the lightweight design.


1. Considering the place of ICT in developing good practice in primary science Paul Warwick, Elaine Wilson and Mark Winterbottom 2. The impact of ICT on Primary Science Collette Murphy 3. Possibilities and Practicalities: planning, teaching, and learning science with ICT John Williamson and Nick Easingwood 4. Making science inclusive: extending the boundaries through ICT Derek Bell and Adrian Fenton 5. Elephants can't jump: creativity, new technology and concept exploration in primary science Ben Williamson 6. Do Computer Cats Ever Really Die? Computers, Modelling and Authentic Science Patrick Carmichael 7.'Is there a picture of beyond?' Mind mapping, ICT and collaborative learning in primary science Paul Warwick and Ruth Kershner 8. Emergent Science and ICT in the early years John Siraj-Blatchford 9. Using ICT to support science learning out of the classroom Nick Easingwood and John Williams 10. Virtual Learning in Primary Science Helena Gillespie 11. ICT and Primary Science - where are we going? Angela McFarlane


determination to power-space configurations in the absence of the material processes and social forces from which 'centers of power and authority' are derived, decidedly not in a vacuum, is of limited explanatory value. It is as if the misguided epistemological assumptions of European and US organic intellectuals driven by a 'will to power' are responsible for the type of geopolitical thinking that rationalized and guided imperialism. The relation between the real world and its representation becomes reversed. Interpretive communities become the makers of history. To 'decolonize identity, history, and geographical knowledge' (p. 14) requires transformation of historically constituted social structures that give rise to organic intellectuals, who then utilize the power rooted in those structures to 'script' space in function of the real material interests of dominant social classes and groups. One need not be a geographer to know the importance of geo-graphing territories so as to be able to organize and utilize the land, labour and resources of such territories for an emerging system of world capitalism, in distinction to earlier periods, when merchants had


Distributed energy resources (DERs) have too small supply capacities to directly participate in a wholesale electricity market. In this paper, we study the efficiency of the market, when a collection of DERs are represented by a profit-maximizing aggregator. We model the interaction between the aggregator and the DER owners as a Stackelberg game. Our analysis characterizes the price of aggregation—the efficiency loss due to the strategic incentives of the aggregator in representing a collection of DERs as opposed to direct DER participation in the wholesale market.


Minimum Shift Keying (MSK) is a very attractive modulation and demodulation scheme for satellite communication systems. In this paper, the design, analysis, implementation, and testing of a high-speed MSK modem are described. This MSK modem has a nominal data transmission rate of 100 Mbits/s at an intermediate frequency of 1.7 GHz, and is designed with a new technique which is named "clock-slave carrier synchronization." Phase ambiguities caused by the divide-by-two circuit and carrier recovery loop are resolved by the new technique where the recovered carrier phase is subordinate to decision timing. Implementation is carried out using the remodulation method in the carrier recovery circuit and FM discriminator in the clock recovery circuit. Experimental results show the feasibility of this high-speed MSK modem with little performance degradation from the theoretical predictions. This modem is intended for the experiments through the Japanese Communication Satellite.


Taking advantage of biocompatible β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and ionic liquid (IL), β-cyclodextrin functionalized with acid ionic liquid (β-CD-AIL) was prepared and characterized by FT-IR, H NMR and C NMR. β-CD-AIL was evaluated as catalyst for the preparation of 12-aryl-8,9,10,12-tetrahydrobenzo[a]xanthen-11-ones via one-pot condensation reaction of β-naphthol, aromatic aldehydes and cyclic 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds. The results showed that β-CD-AIL behaved excellent efficiency and recyclability. The key benefits of this protocol involve mild reaction conditions, fast reaction speed, good to excellent yields and simple operational procedure.


Prevention of decompensation is a primary therapeutic target in patients with compensated cirrhosis (CC). However, a major problem is the large sample size and long follow‐up required to demonstrate a significant treatment effect because of the relatively low baseline risk. For this reason, it has been recently suggested that ordinal outcomes may be used in this area to gain power and reduce sample size. The aim of this study was to assess the applicability of ordinal outcomes in cirrhosis.


The point of departure for this thesis is that science, technology (S&T) and global politics are co-productive of each other. Situated at the intersections of Science and Technology Studies and International Relations, it explores the interactions between S&T and global politics on the level of discourses, institutions, representations and identities. Its three case studies focus on international S&T cooperation between Austria and China, science diplomacy and satellite imagery analysis in the context of security policy. As a cumulative thesis it presents three articles published in /accepted by international peer-reviewed publications.


A middle aged male patient, suffering from tinea incognito for 3 months along with history of significant weight loss for last 2 months, was admitted for hematuria in emergency ward. He was subsequently diagnosed with left renal mass. Computed tomography scan of abdomen showed a large lobulated density mass in lower pole of left kidney, over circling the left pelviureteric junction causing hydronephrosis and no hepatosplenomegaly. There was no evidence of retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy, peritoneal nodules, or ascites. Clinically suspecting renal cell carcinoma, the patient declined radical left-sided nephrectomy as the primary choice of treatment. Tru-cut renal biopsy revealed diffuse large Bcell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Following six cycles of chemotherapy along with antifungal medications, both tinea lesions and renal mass were cured.


A deep (100 ks) XMM-Newton observation of Geminga has shown two faint tails of diffuse X-ray emission, extending for ~$2'$ behind the pulsar, well aligned with the proper motion (PM) direction. We report here on a recent ~20 ks Chandra observation, which unveils a new structure, ~$25''$ long and ~$5''$ thick, starting at the pulsar position and perfectly aligned with the PM direction, with a surface brightness ~40 times higher than that of the XMM Tails. The Chandra comet-like feature has a remarkably hard spectrum (photon index ~$0.9{-}1.4$) and a luminosity of ~$5.5\times10^{28}$ erg s -1 , comparable to the energetics of the larger XMM one. Geminga is thus the first neutron star to show a clear X-ray evidence of a large-scale, outer bow-shock as well as a short, inner cometary trail.


Background: Migraine is the most prevalent neurological disorder, and presents an enormous global burden. Frequency of headaches and the overuse of acute medications are the major risk factors that lead to the progression to chronic migraine and medication overuse headache (MOH). Stress is consistently identified as the most common trigger of migraine. Dynorphin, an endogenous opioid peptide acting preferentially at kappa opioid receptors (KORs), is a key mediator of stress responses. The dynorphin/KOR system is widely distributed in the nervous system including amygdala, and has recently emerged as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of stress-related mood disorders including anxiety, depression, drug seeking and relapse. We investigated whether the dynorphin/KOR system is involved in stress-induced cephalic allodynia in a rat model of MOH. Methods: Rats were treated subcutaneously with saline or sumatriptan for 7 days to model MOH. Two weeks later, rats were exposed to bright light stress and tactile responses were measured using von Frey filaments. Sumatriptan primed rats were hyper-responsive to environmental stress, demonstrating delayed cephalic and extracephalic allodynia. The effects of KOR blockade in the amygdala on stress-induced allodynia were determined by administration of nor-binaltorphimine (nor-BNI), a long-acting KOR antagonist, either systemically or into the right or left central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA). Changes in dynorphin/KOR signaling in the amygdala were investigated using Western blotting, qPCR, immunohistochemistry, and ELISA. Results: Systemic nor-BNI prevented stress-induced cephalic and extracephalic allodynia. Stress increased dynorphin content and phosphorylated KOR in both the left and right CeA in sumatriptan-primed rats. However, KOR blockade only in the right CeA prevented stress-induced allodynia. U69,593, a KOR agonist, given into the right, but not the left, CeA, produced allodynia selectively in sumatriptan-primed rats. Both stress and U69,593-induced allodynia were prevented by right CeA U0126, a mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor. Conclusions: Our data revealed a novel lateralized dynorphin/KOR system that mediated stress-induced cutaneous allodynia with features of migraine and medication overuse headache. This dynorphin/KOR signaling pathway in the right CeA appears to play a pivotal role in mediating stress-related outcomes, opening a potential new path for the preventive treatment of migraine.


Methyl bromide is the most abundant brominated hydrocarbon gas in the atmosphere and is significant as a source of stratospheric bromine radicals that destroy ozone. However, estimated sources and sinks of methyl bromide exhibit a deficit in sources of ∼70 Gg/yr (one Gg = 109 g), and the proportion of natural and anthropogenic sources is not known well. Known sources include agricultural fumigation (preplant and postplant), structural fumigation, biomass burning, gasoline additives, and oceans. The oceans, however, also act as a net sink for methyl bromide; that is, globally, consumption is greater than production. Early estimates of emissions of methyl bromide from fumigated agricultural fields from models were 30–60% of the amount applied. To test this estimate, we studied emissions from six field fumigations using chambers to measure the flux of methyl bromide, soil bromide analyses to measure degradation, and soil gas down to 90 cm or more to monitor methyl bromide with time in the soil profile. We found between 24–74% of applied methyl bromide was emitted. The average emission found in these experiments was 49 ± 19% based on chamber measurements and 52±20% based on the soil bromide measurements. Factors affecting emissions included the polyethylene film covering the soil, the injection method, the injection depth, and the chemical and physical properties of the soil. The main factors controlling the emissions in our studies are discussed.