A dramatic response to American racism occurred in Los Angeles during 1855 when eighteen-year-old Francisco P. Ramirez published a Spanish-language newspaper, El Clamor Publico . Ramirez called upon a Mexican American majority to seize control of their destiny by electing themselves to public office. Ramirez was a radical liberal in a town controlled by white conservative Southerners with antebellum values. Nevertheless, from 1855 to 1859, he railed against slavery and ridiculed those in Los Angeles who supported it. His demands for Mexican equality, the abolition of slavery, free elections, and education for women were well ahead of his time. He was the first civil rights activist in Los Angeles. In December 1859 El Clamor Publico bankrupted for lack of popular support. For three decades afterward Ramirez was involved in every major political and social movement of his day. He continued to champion equality and civil rights as a San Francisco newspaper editor and the only Mexican American lawyer in Los Angeles.


Mycoplasma-like organisms (MLO) were identified from three plants. The disease symptoms show stunting, yellowing and witche's broom on Cnidium officinale Makino collected from Ulreung Island, Bupleurum falcatum L. collected from Jangsu, and Plantago asiatica L. collected from Daegwanreung. The particles of MLO were observed in the phloem tissues by a Hitachi Hu-11E electron microscope. C. officinale infected with MLO was frequently observed in Ulreung Island.


s by 31 December 2009. Th e subsequent roundtables are projected to be held during the fi rst half 2010, followed by the publication of a monograph. Abstracts should be sent to: Festus B. Aboagye Senior Research Fellow Peace Missions Programme Institute for Security Studies Pretoria, South Africa Email: firstname.lastname@example.com


Abstract : This report presents preliminary results on the long-term effects of an experimental Army program that links active and reserve tours. The program, called the 2+2+4 recruiting option, requires new entrants to serve two years in the active component (AC) followed by two years in a selected reserve component (RC) unit, and then four years in the Individual Ready Reserve. It is offered to high-quality recruits who serve in selected skills, and it provides Army College Fund benefits for post-service education to those participants who fulfill their reserve obligation. The 2+2+4 program serves dual purposes: It helps the AC attract high-quality personnel during difficult recruiting periods, and it channels trained, experienced personnel into the RC as they leave the AC. The RC relies on many such "prior-service" personnel, but the pool is shrinking as the AC drawdown continues. The 2+2+4 option was originally tested in a congressionally mandated, controlled experiment conducted from July 1989 through September 1990. Previous RAND analyses of the experiment showed that the program significantly increased high-quality enlistments into the AC and also increased enlistments into hard-to-fill occupations. However, longer term effects could not be estimated until the test cohort had completed active service. This study shows that 2+2+4 participants are more likely to complete their AC tour and join a RC unit than are other high-quality recruits. Program participants had lower first-term attrition and reenlistment rates than other high-quality recruits, so the program increased the pool of soldiers separating from the AC and available to the RC. In addition, the RC affiliation rate was 80 percent for the 2+2+4 participants, as compared with only 43 percent for other recruits. The study concludes that the program helps the AC achieve its recruiting objectives and that it channels trained, experienced personnel into the RC. (14 figures, 9 refs.)


New therapeutic strategies, including novel generation of immunosuppressors and biologic agents are currently available for the management of noninfectious uveitis. However, adverse events remain an important issue to consider and other options need to be evaluated. We have previously controlled experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis by administrating activated polyclonal regulatory T cells (T‐regs) intravitreally. Based on these preliminaru results, a clinical study has been initiated to evaluate the safety and efficacy of this approach in patients with uveitis and low vision. Tolerance and efficacy will be monitored with clinical examination, laser flare photometry and imaging. Intraocular levels of pro and anti‐inflammatory cytokines will be determined in each patient at baseline and after T‐reg administration. Cell therapy may become an interesting strategy, expanding the anti‐inflammatory armamentarium.


A two-dimensional mathematical model simulating the long-term build-up of salinity around the brine outfall is developed in this paper. A flat seabed and steady longshore current are assumed as a first step towards modelling the actual scenario. Transient and steady-state analytical solutions for continuous point source condition are derived. These solutions are then applied to assess shoreline/offshore discharge. Characteristic features such as the temporal buildup of salinity excess and the variation of the shoreline salinity with respect to time and outfall location are investigated. The effect of the advection-to-diffusion ratio ν in the modelling results is also discussed.


Ultrasound is well known for use in medical imaging and, at high intensities, as a therapeutic treatment. A perhaps less well known use is as a method of noninvasively trapping and manipulating particles in a fluid. In their paper in PNAS, Ghanem et al. (1) demonstrate how careful control of the acoustic field from a multitransducer ultrasonic array may be used to trap and move millimeter-sized particles in the bladder of live pigs. The motivation for the work is to use it as a method for the removal of small kidney stones with a noninvasive procedure.

The key component for the operation of the device is a 256-element circular focused ultrasonic array operating at 1.5 MHz. With independent control of the phase of the sound emitted from the elements in this array it is possible to produce complex and dynamically changing interference patterns in which small particles may be trapped and manipulated. A key innovation of the method is the production and application of acoustic vortex beams (2) that allow manipulation of particles from a single array and with sizes greater than the wavelength of the ultrasound used.

The ability to trap particles in the nodes of an acoustic standing wave is well known and can be traced back to the original work of Kundt in the 19th century. However, despite this early demonstration it took many decades and much work by highly respected scientists, including Lord Rayleigh (3) and Brillouin (4), before Gor'kov (5) and Bruus (6), following the work of King (7) and Yosioka and Kawasima (8), were able to develop a general theory for the trapping of spherical compressible spheres …

[↵][1]1Email: a.c.barnes{at}bristol.ac.uk.

 [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1


PREPARATIONS TRANSPARENT AN ACTIVE AGENT QUICK RELEASE obtainable by melt extrusion CONTAINING non-steroidal analgesics, homopolymers of N vinylpyrrolidone, saccharides or sugar alcohols and sodium or potassium.


Tissue cultures of cells derived from normal and cancerous sources have been studied for their ability to produce tumors. The object of the study has been twofold: (1) to learn whether they still produce tumors, and (2) if so, whether the tumors produced are histologically like the original tumor. Since the cell lines used' are derived from human material, one of the test animals employed has been the irradiated and cortisone-treated weanling rat prepared according to the Toolan method? Cell lines also have been tested for their ability to grow in the embryonated egg.3 Occasionally, in connection with another study, human volunteers with cancer also have been in~culated.~ The results constitute the subject of this paper.


• The Stanford Linear Accelerator Center is a national laboratory for subatomic physics, the study of the smallest building blocks of matter. The two-mile-long accelerator starts near the top in this aerial photograph and ends in the research area at the bottom.


Large screen teleconferencing can be enhanced considerably with the application of spatial sound recording, transmission and reproduction. True spatial sound reproduction can be obtained with Wave Field Synthesis (WFS) which gives a sound reproduction that is independent of the listener position. Our research has shown that a significant improvement of speech intelligibility can be obtained with WFS as compared with a single loudspeaker reproduction, when there are several interfering speech signals. The improvement in Speech Reception Threshold (SRT) can be more than 2 dB, making a change in speech intelligibility from 50% to more than 85%.


An adjoint network-based frequency-domain method for sensitivity analysis of periodically switched linear (PSL) circuits is presented. The incremental form of Tellegen's theorem for PSL circuits in phasor domain is introduced and the closed form expressions of frequency-domain sensitivity of PSL circuits are obtained. The method yields sensitivities with respect to all circuit elements in one frequency analysis. It is shown that both the baseband and sideband components of the network variables contribute to the baseband sensitivity. It is also demonstrated that the sensitivity of linear time-invariant (LTI) circuits is a special case of that of general PSL circuits. Numerical results computed using the proposed method are compared with those from other CAD tools.


Phellinus linteus (PL) mushroom has been reported to possess antioxidant activity. The present study was designed to investigate whether an ethanol extract obtained from PL might ameliorate oxidative stress and enhance antioxidant enzyme activities in primary rat hepatocytes, which were overloaded with iron using ferric nitrilotriacetate (FeNTA) complex. FeNTA enables hepatocytes to accumulate substantially redox‐active iron and stimulates the production of injurious hydroxyl radicals, which in turn, initiate oxidative stress‐mediated cytotoxicity. The results showed that pretreatment of hepatocytes with PL extract (50, 100 and 200 µg/mL) for 24 h significantly reversed FeNTA‐induced cell viability loss, lactate dehydrogenase leakage (LDH), lipid peroxidation (LPO) and protein carbonyl formation in a dose‐dependent manner. It was further observed that PL extract produced an inhibitory effect on intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation caused by FeNTA. Concomitantly, the amount of GSH content and the activities of glutathione reductase (GSH Rd) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH Px) in hepatocytes pretreated with PL extract increased substantially compared with those treated with FeNTA alone. These results suggest that PL may be useful in protecting against FeNTA‐induced oxidative damage and also be capable of attenuating cytotoxicity of other oxidants. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The program presented in relation to the formation on citizenship between Mexican youngsters, searches to formulate an alternative educational model for young people, men and women, as empowered persons having the capability to act freely and with responsibility in their lives, recognizing the other as different. The text includes two sections. In the first one, the concepts analyzed include : democratic culture and gendered citizenship's formation, the actual conditions of democracy and citizenship in Mexico, the concept of difference as the main axe to fund a new paradigm of thinking - particularly the notion of sexual difference - and, finally, a discussion on the possibilities of using a disposal of small consciousness-raising groups to learn to accept and tolerate difference(s). The second part, relating to the applied method for the intervention in an educational institution, includes a description and a discussion of the activities realized with the young men and women in the groups, having a number of 20 participants in average with an adult facilitator, during four sessions of 2 hours each, around issues related to the relationship between the sexes.


Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to present a methodology to quantify the solar energy potential for applying photovoltaic systems and find an efficient geometry for urban blocks to obtain a better quality of daylighting in terms of continuous daylight autonomy (DA) and spatial DA with less energy consumption.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper is based on a complete simulation of the topography and micro-climate of the area under study. Simulations were performed using ArcGIS and Rhinoceros and urban daylight (UD) and urban modeling interface plugin for a neighborhood in the region of Narmak in Tehran, Iran. Five configurations of a neighborhood were compared using simulations.

Findings

It was found that the impact of the geometrical form on daylight gain and energy consumption is significant and the terraced model is the most suitable form for obtaining a constant floor area ratio. Furthermore, it is an optimal form of urban blocks to gain the most energy through photovoltaic systems in the neighborhood as it would be able to satisfy about 42 percent of the energy needs.

Originality/value

Planning to achieve sufficient energy factors in cities is a difficult task, since urban planners often do not have adequate technical knowledge to measure the contribution of solar energy in urban plans and this paper aims to introduce a comprehensive modeling methodology by which the urban energy planning can be used and understood in the urban context to make it completely clear as a strategy of implementation.


The starting point for the considerations made in the article is to compare such categories as product quality and service quality. An essential part of analysis is devoted to the relation of quality of service and satisfaction with the service. In the article discusses the grounds of designing and preparing customer satisfaction survey of services.


The Republic of South Africa offers the marketer a special challenge in its clear-cut stratification in multiple cultures, modulated by stronger cross-cultural currents than most outsiders perceive. Homogenization versus heterogenization as a deliberate strategy frequently becomes a critical choice. The white minority of the population enjoys a standard of living comparable to most West European countries. The vast majority is represented by Bantu, economically better off than Negroes elsewhere in Africa. Consumer-oriented marketing management holds a key to continued rapid improvement — and self-improvement — of Bantu life. Indeed, by effective action in this regard business may importantly contribute to the bridging of the gaps between the races, a likely condition of long-term survival of the Republic.


7014Background: Frontline AML induction produces 60-70% complete remission (CR) rates but relapse is a major source of failure. Beside stem cell transplant (SCT), few options exist for post-CR main...


objective: The aim of this work was to evaluate the shear strength of ceramic brackets as a function of two adhesive systems (kit TransbondTM XT; TransbondTM Plus Self Etching Primer/ 3M Unitek®) and two light sources (LED and Argon Laser).
Method: 28 maxillary premolars were used, divided into two groups (n=14), according to the adhesive system and light source. The teeth were enclosed in ¾-inch PVC tubes, with special stone plaster, perpendicular to the ground and tubes. Brackets were fixed over the exposed crowns. The teeth were stored at 37ºC for 24 hours and then submitted to 1,000 thermal cycles with 30 seconds in each bath (5°C and 55°C). The shear test was performed on a Shimadzu® testing machine at a speed of 0.5mm/min. Enamel surfaces were qualified using the ARI (Adhesive Remaining Index). Data were submitted to statistical analyzes ANOVA, Tukey and Kruskal-Wallis (p<0.05).
Results: the conventional TransbondTM XT kit adhesive system was superior to the self-etching system. LED and Argon Laser showed similar behaviors.
Conclusion: Argon laser did not influence shear strength or ARI scores.


Coping with psychological stressors emanating from Covid-19 is significant for mental well-being of parents and their children. The study aimed to explore the coping strategies to psychological stressors among the parents living with their children during the Covid-19 lockdown. On March 10, 2020, the world went into lockdown due to the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. The lockdown negatively affected the psychological well-being of both the parents and the children. The study employed phenomenological research design. Through purposive sampling the study utilized a sample size of 15 participants constituting parents who lived with their children during the lockdown period. Data was collected through the use of the Interview Guide and analysed using thematic analysis. The results showed that the coping strategies to psychological stressors faced by parents living with children during Covid-19 lockdown were online connection, prayer, reading, engagement in recreations, spending time with each other and taking precaution measures. The study recommends to counselors and psychologists to come with better alternatives of offering counseling services in the events they cannot meet their clients face to face. Finally, the study recommends to counselors and psychologists bodies to factors the ethics to be adhered to when counseling is offered through online services and counselors and clients cannot meet face to face.


Using a stress process theoretical framework, this paper examines the relationship between financial debts and the subjective well‐being of young adults and the role of social and personal resources in the mechanism. The analyses include 2348 young adults from the 2017 Transition into Adulthood Supplement study of Panel Study of Income Dynamics, using the structural equation modeling method. We found that when faced with student loans as a stress exposure, young adults' social resources (financial support and social participation) and personal psychological resources (self‐esteem) may act in different ways explaining life satisfaction and subjective well‐being. Having student loans increased the likelihood of receiving financial support from family and social activity participation, while also boosting one's self‐esteem. However, financial support as a social resource was negatively associated with young adults' life satisfaction and subjective well‐being, whereas self‐esteem as a personal resource was positively associated with life satisfaction and subjective well‐being. Our study suggests that exploring the underlying mechanism of the association between debts and subjective well‐being is necessary and crucial because the mediating roles of social and personal resources were important in determining young adults' subjective well‐being. Further research should explore this topic, as recent young adults are more exposed to debt burdens than preceding cohorts.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


ABSTRACT Estimates of density and biomass of Urnatella gracilis Leidy, a freshwater filter-feeding entoproct, were made from samples obtained with a Petite Ponar grab sampler from a newly constructed riffle habitat in an abandoned channel of the Tombigbee River, near Columbus, Mississippi. Colonies of one (47%), two (49%), three (4%) and occasionally four stalks (individuals) were observed on gravel substrata. An average of 144,614 stalks·m−2 were found. Ash-free dry weight biomass averaged 876.7 mg·m−2. This organism was dominant in terms of both density (92%) and biomass (51%). Urnatella gracilis was found to be a significant early colonizer of new substrata and an important member of the macroinvertebrate community.


The pectin grain containing milk beverage contains milk product 30-60 weight portions, pectin grain 1-20 weight portions, sugar 4.0-15 weight portions, stabilizer 0.1-1.0 weight portions, edible essence 0.05-0.3 weight portions except water. The pectin grain is obtained through inoculating pyracetic bacillus to fruit juice, fermenting culture, taking upper fiber and crushing. The present invention provides the production of milk beverage containing pectin grain, especially coconut pectin grain.


American Journal of Hospice & Palliative Care Volume 17, Number 6, November/December 2000 Throughout history, angels have been known to be guiding spirits. They have been called "Messengers of God." Angels have been seen as encouraging souls whose purpose is to lead us through transformative events in our lives. In my work with the dying, hospice patients call on these entities for a variety of reasons. Often, these guiding spirits are embraced so that a sense of comfort can be felt in the midst of despair. A dying patient and family members who believe in the presence of angels report feeling blessed by God. Angels are extensions of God's consciousness to most traditional religions. They come to us in various ways, shapes, sizes, and expressions. What a person believes to be true is true for that person. As a hospice spiritual counselor, it is vital to be sensitive to patients' beliefs. This includes working with entities and expressions of spiritual guidance you cannot see apart from the inner vision of your own mind. How can spiritual counselors and caregivers bring an open presence of care to the dying as they sense dimensions of awareness beyond one's own level?


Objective To investigate the tissue stimulation of copper ions to the smooth muscle of murine terminal rectum.Methods In this study copper needle used for electrochemical therapeutic equipment was punctured into submucosal smooth muscle tissue of terminal rectum above the dentate line in 65 male rats.Rats were then divided into 5 groups (10 rats in each group) at random and sacrificed at 1, 3, 4, 6, 8 weeks after respectively, samples were sent for observation of macroscopic and microscopic tissue reaction.Results Rats had no abnormal histological change in the puncture points grossly. Undor microscope, mild edema was detected in the submucosal layer in 1 week group. Remarkable infiltration of inflammatory cells and lymphocytes subsided 3 weeks after, and disappeared five weeks after.Smooth muscle was normal microscopically in all groups.In contrast, platinum and steel needles caused infiltration of plasma cells and neutrophils, ulcers and small abscess formation in around puncture points.Conclusion Inflammatory reaction was induced after puncturing of copper needle into the tissues and the tissue reaction disappeared after 5 Ws.In contrast with platinum and steel needles, copper needle was non-traumatic to the smooth muscle tissue.


The capacitated arc routing problem (CARP) arises in applications like waste collection or winter gritting. Exact algorithms are still limited to small problems and metaheuristics are required for large scale instances. The paper presents an improved genetic algorithm (GA) for solving an extended version of the CARP (ECARP) like prohibited turns or slop problem. This new algorithm improves the population structure and chromosome organization mode of the traditional genetic algorithm (TGA), and devises several simple and high-effective evolutionary operators, avoiding the premature convergence phenomenon in the TGA. According to our experiment analysis, the improved GA proposed in our paper can solve the ECARP effectively, meanwhile, the comparison experiment between the improved GA and classical MA (memetic algorithms) for the basic CARP shows that our new algorithm is more effective and can get the better results than MA when solving the large-scale basic CARP.


The results obtained from the implementation of a multicomponent cognitive-behavioural treatment for a group of adoles cents diagnosed by Eating Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (EDNOS) are presented. Participants were four women, aged between 12 and 15, who had come to the Child and Adolescent Mental Health Unit showing eating behaviour problems. The treatment was applied over 20 sessions on a weekly basis and a group format. Each session started reviewing the homework and different contents were proposed to the group, with the aim of meeting the needs identified in the patients: attitudes towards food, body image dissatisfaction, body image distortion, self-esteem, and interpersonal relationships. Once the program finished, the participants showed a clinical improvement, especially those who regularly attended the meetings and participated actively. An increase in self-esteem, less corporal dissatisfaction and body distortion, a positive change in their attitudes toward food, and improved relationships were found.


Abstract The effect of small spatial-scale cloud variations on radiative transfer in cloudy atmospheres currently receives a lot of research attention, but the available studies are not very clear about which spatial scales are important and report a very large range of estimates of the magnitude of the effects. Also, there have been no systematic investigations of how to measure and represent these cloud variations. The cloud climatology produced by the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) is exploited to 1) define and test different methods of representing cloud variation statistics; 2) investigate the range of spatial scales that should be included; 3) characterize cloud variations over a range of time- and space scales covering mesoscale (30–300 km, 3–12 h) into part of the lower part of the synoptic scale (300–3000 km, 1–30 days); 4) obtain a climatology of the optical thickness, emissivity, and cloud-top temperature variability of clouds that can be used in weather and climate G...


A series of phenylethylamine and amphetamine derivatives were synthesized in order to determine the nature of the internal and overall molecular dynamics in these systems. 13C and 2H NMR relaxation times were measured. For the latter measurements, compounds specifically deuteriated in the side‐chains were synthesized. The relaxation data were analysed via a computer model incorporating the spectral density function for axially symmetric anisotropic motion. The motion of these molecules was found to be substantially anisotropic, with rotation about the symmetry axis of the molecule being at least twice as fast as rotation normal to the symmetry axis. The results of more complex models of axially symmetric anisotropic molecular motion, involving internal rotation or conic diffusion of the side‐chains, were found to be sensitive to variation of the input data, but the correlation times for internal rotation of the ring—C‐β bond were longer than might have been expected. Similarly, owing to its flexibility, the effective correlation times of atoms in the side‐chain were found to be faster than those of the ring carbons, but did not always decrease along the side chain. Intermolecular interactions or aggregation states in CDCl3 may reduce segmental motion of side‐chains. A particular feature of the current study is that it was demonstrated that deuteriation of the side‐chain gives a unique opportunity to determine independently side‐chain correlation times via the quadrupolar relaxation times of the 2H nucleus, and to compare these results with those of the carbon atoms. These correlation times were found to be in very good agreement with those obtained from the 13C data.


We give conditions on a CR submanifold M in Cn and a compact submanifold N C M such that the average value on N of a CR function on M can be estimated uniformly by the Ll-norm of the CR function on a neighborhood of N in M. The conditions involve the Levi form of M and the transversality of N to the holomorphic tangent bundle of M.


Plants commonly live in symbiotic associations with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). They invest substantial amounts of photosynthetic products to feed their fungal partners, which, in return, provide mineral nutrients foraged in the soil by their hyphal networks. AMF may supply up to 90 % of the host plant's nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (N) requirements. Moreover, AMF are important determinants of plant community structure and ecosystem productivity. Typically, AMF exhibit little host-specificity; a single individual may simultaneously colonize multiple plants, even from different species and thereby it forms far-reaching common mycorrhizal networks (CMNs). Hence, the interconnected plants share their C investments and nutritional benefits of the common fungal partner. This fact arises the question about the terms of trade between plants and their shared fungal partners. Or in other words, what is the C investment of a given plant into a CMN, and what is the return of this investment in terms of mineral nutrients provided by the CMN? However, up to now, the relationship between carbon investment and nutritional benefit of different plants engaged in a CMN has never been assessed.
To address the terms of trade in a CMN experimentally, we set up microcosms containing a pair of test plants, interlinked by a CMN of Glomus intraradices or G. mosseae. The plants were flax (Linum usitatissimum) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) grown either in "monocultures", as pair of identical plant species, or in a "mixed culture", as pair of different plant species. The microcosms were compartmented by nylon mesh screens to separate the CMN physically and functionally from the plant roots. Flax (a C3-plant) and sorghum (a C4-plant) display distinct C isotope compositions. This allowed us to differentially assess the C investment of the two plants into the CMN through the analysis of the C isotopic signature of isolated AMF hyphae or spores, or, with higher precision, of the AMF-specific fatty acid C16:1ω5. In parallel, we determined the plants' return of investment by measuring the acquisition of nutrients via CMN, using 15N and 33P as tracers only accessible for AMF hyphae. Plant growth response was determined by assessing the biomass of the plants.
Interestingly, we found a strong asymmetry in the terms of trade: when the CMN was formed by G. intraradices, flax invested only little C but gained up to 94 % of the CMN-mediated N and P while sorghum invested massive amounts of C without receiving a corresponding nutritional gain. The acquisition of nutrients was more balanced with a CMN formed by G. mosseae. However, sorghum still contributed the lion's share of C to the CMN. Nonetheless, in both cases sorghum was barely affected in growth, probably because it had a surplus of C. Excitingly, the growth of flax was highly increased due to the facilitated nutrient uptake via the CMN, which increased the overall biomass production in the mixed culture compared to the mean of the monocultures.
Many mycorrhizal plants are highly dependent on AMF for P acquisition; moreover the mycorrhizal P uptake usually dominates the plant's P acquisition. The mycorrhizal P uptake pathway starts in the soil far away from the roots, where AMF hyphae forage for immobile inorganic phosphate (Pi). The AMF hyphae take up Pi and translocate it to the roots. Inside the root, Pi is transferred from fungus to plant with the help of specific Pi transporters induced by the AMF. Remarkably, these AM-inducible Pi transporters are crucial for symbiotic Pi acquisition. In order to characterize the plants P acquisition via the CMN in our model system, we described for the first time Pi transporter genes belonging to the Pht1 gene family in flax and sorghum. We found that the expression of these Pi transporter genes was highly dependent on the presence and identity of the AMF. Surprisingly, the plant's mycorrhizal Pi uptake appeared to be independent of the expression levels of AM-inducible Pi transporters in the roots. The genes showed very similar expression levels, even if the Pi uptake was dramatically different between the treatments. Nevertheless, AM-inducible Pi transporters showed different expression levels depending on culture system indicating that interconnected plants can influence the neighboring plant's gene expression.
An extreme example of terms of trade in CMNs displays achlorophyllous mycoheterotrophic (MH) plants. Most MH plants obtain, besides nutrients, their entire C from CMNs and thus indirectly exploit neighboring autotrophic plants. While temperate MH plants associated to ectomycorrhizal fungi are well described, tropical MH plants often associated to AMF are overlooked due to difficulties of examining AMF tissue. By analyzing AMF spores, we were able to investigate C and N isotopic signature of MH plants, green plants and AMF in Caribbean rainforests. These organisms displayed similar C and N isotopic signatures, while temperate MH plants, fungi and green plants differ in their isotopic signature, suggesting differences in C and N exchange between the two MH systems. Furthermore, the isotopic analysis revealed canopy trees as main resource provider for AMF and MH plants in the Caribbean forests. Thus, we provide a first description of the autotrophic – AMF – MH continuum in tropical forests.
In order to track the C source of the CMN in our model system, we used different methods to make use of the C isotopic signature of AMF. In the last part of this thesis, we compare three methods to analyze the C isotopic signature in the AMF. Bulk C isotope analysis of washed extraradical mycelium is possible, but has the drawback of potential contamination from non-mycorrhizal organic sources. Bulk C isotope analysis of isolated AMF spores yields more reliable results but is rather tedious and most applicable for field studies. Therefore, we explain, in detail, a more refined analysis based on the extraction of lipids from soil, followed by analysis of the AMF biomarker fatty acid C16:1ω5.
In summary, this PhD thesis describes for the first time terms of trade in a CMN shared by two plants. The nutritional return provided by the fungus differed greatly between the examined plants and was not related to the extent of C investment, but dependent on the involved AMF species. However, the huge differences in nutrient uptake were not reflected in the expression levels of AM-inducible Pi transporters. In MH plants the use of the CMN is not only asymmetric, but even unidirectional. The investigation of both systems, MH and mixed culture, revealed that plant growth can be promoted by asymmetric use of CMNs. We propose that thanks to an exchange of surplus resources this can occur without impairment of the donor plant. Finally, the herein described mechanisms may help to understand the great impact of AMF on plant community structure and productivity.


PERDUE, THEDA, ed. 1983. Cherokee Editor, the Writings of Elias Boudinot. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press. PILLING, JAMES C. 1888. Bibliography of the Iroquoian Languages. Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin, no. 6. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. WALKER, WILLARD. 1981. Native American writing systems. Language in the USA, ed. C. A. Ferguson and S. B. Heath, pp. 145-74. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1984. The design of native literacy programs and how literacy came to the Cherokees. Anthropological Linguistics 26, no. 2:161-69. YAMACHIKA, RAYMOND. 1961. Cherokee literature: printing in the Sequoyan syllabary since 1828 with a bibliography. M.A. thesis, University of Oklahoma.


The experiment was carried out at the Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur during summer season of 2012 to identify suitable legume crops for growing with maize in a maize + legume intercropping system for better weed suppression, system productivity and economic benefits in kharif season. There were 17 treatments, viz.T1= Sole maize (no weeding), T2= Maize + Mungbean (no weeding), T3= Maize + Mungbean (weeding at 20 DAE), T4= Maize + Mungbean (weeding at 40 DAE), T5= Maize + Mungbean (weeding at 20 and 40 DAE), T6= Maize + Soybean (no weeding), T7= Maize + Soybean (weeding at 20 DAE), T8= Maize + Soybean (weeding at 40 DAE), T9= Maize + Soybean (weeding at 20 and 40 DAE), T10= Maize + Blackgram (no weeding), T11= Maize + Blackgram (weeding at 20 DAE), T12= Maize + Blackgram (weeding at 40 DAE), T13= Maize + Blackgram (weeding at 20 and 40 DAE) T14 =Sole maize (weed free), T15= Sole Mungbean (weed free), T16= Sole Soybean (weed free) and T17= Sole Blackgram (weed free) were studied. Intercropping systems significantly reduced the weed population and weed dry biomass in comparison to sole cropping of maize under unweeded situation. Among the three different intercropping systems, maize + mungbean with two hand weedings produced the lowest weed dry weight (184.30 g at 20 DAE and 14.07 g at 40 DAE) and the highest weed control efficiency (87% at 40 DAE) followed by maize + soybean and maize + blackgram intercropping systems. The highest grain yield was obtained from weed free sole maize (8.05 t ha -1 ) than unweeded sole maize (6.48 t ha -1 ) treatment. Among all intercropping, maize + mungbean along with two hand weedings gave the highest yield (maize: 7.18 t ha -1 ; 572.6 kg ha -1 mungbean), resource complementarity and profitability (MEY = 10.62 t ha -1 , LER = 1.81 and BCR = 2.47). From the study it was concluded that maize + mungbean with two hand weedings at 20 and 40 DAE would be the best in reducing weed growth, producing maximum yield and getting net return in intercropping systems during kharif season.


It is commonly believed that childhood trauma can manifest into mood disorders in adulthood; the aim of our study is to thoroughly review the array of mood disorders that can be caused by childhood trauma and underline the predisposing risk factors and mechanisms of developing negative symptoms. We are trying to investigate the relationship between specific trauma types and mood disorders. For this purpose, we reviewed more than 20 articles on various childhood traumas, mood disorders, their mechanisms, and relationship. In our research, we specifically focus on the risk of developing mood disorders in the victims of physical abuse, sexual abuse, and neglect, briefly review the statistical data, as well as try to explain the pathophysiologic mechanism by analyzing: genetic factors, neuroplasticity, HPA axis, hippocampal volume and the effect of oxytocin.


The Amargosa River Canyon, located in the Mojave Desert of southeastern California, contains the longest perennial reach of the Amargosa River. Because of its diverse flora and fauna, it has been designated as an Area of Critical Environmental Concern and a Wild and Scenic River by the Bureau of Land Management. A survey of fishes conducted in summer 2010 indicated that endemic Amargosa River pupfish (Cyprinodon nevadensis amargosae) and speckled dace (Rhinichthys osculus spp.) were abundant and occurred throughout the Amargosa River Canyon. The 2010 survey reported non-native red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) and western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) captures were significantly higher, whereas pupfish captures were lower, in areas dominated by non-native saltcedar (Tamarix ssp.). Based on the 2010 survey, it was hypothesized that the invasion of saltcedar could result in a decrease in native species. In an effort to maintain and enhance native fish populations, the Bureau of Land Management removed saltcedar from a 1,550 meter reach of stream on the Amargosa River in autumn 2014 and autumn 2015. Prior to the removal of saltcedar, a survey of fishes and crayfish using baited minnow traps was conducted in the treatment reach to serve as a baseline for future comparisons with post-saltcedar removal surveys. During the 2014 survey, 1,073 pupfish and 960 speckled dace were captured within the treatment reach. Catch per unit effort of pupfish and speckled dace in the treatment reach was less in 2014 than in 2010, although differences could be owing to seasonal variation in capture probability. Non-native mosquitofish catch per unit effort decreased from 2010 to 2014; however, the catch per unit effort of crayfish increased from 2010 to 2014. Future monitoring efforts of this reach should be conducted at the same time period to account for potential seasonal fluctuations of abundance and distribution of fishes and crayfish. A more robust study design that accounts for variation in capture probability could be implemented to quantify the effects of habitat modifications on abundance of fishes and crayfish.


The Global Positioning System (GPS) provides both a global position and a time determination. The system utilizes stable and precise satellite atomic clocks. These clocks suffer from relativistic effects, mainly due to time dilation and gravitational frequency shifts, that cannot be neglected. Without considering these effects, GPS would not work properly because timing errors of 1 t ∆ = ns will lead to positioning errors of magnitude 30 x ∆ ≈ cm . In the end, the total correction per day, due to relativity (both special and general theories), is approximately, 1 39μ − sday , which corresponds to an imprecision of 1 12 . − kmday The main objective of this dissertation is to discuss the conceptual basis, founded on special relativity, that ensure a proper operation of the GPS. All the consequences and effects stemming from this theory, are explained based on the geometric approach to the hyperbolic plane which is commonly known as Minkowski diagrams in the literature. To have a correct geometric intuition on this plane, equipped with a non-Euclidean metric, one has to make extensive use of two concepts: equilocs and equitemps. The main consequence of the universality of the speed of light (in vacuum) is that equitemps from different observers are not parallel, i.e. simultaneity is relative. Quoting Neil Ashby: "The GPS is a remarkable laboratory of the concepts of special and general relativity."


Several regions of a 30 nm thick Ni80Fe20 (permalloy) thin film have been implanted using a focused ion-beam system with varying doses of Ga ions. Changes to their magnetization reversal have been investigated by Lorentz microscopy. Implantation with a dose of 1015 Ga+ cm−2 and 1016 Ga+ cm−2 has increased coercivity of the implanted region while no difference has been observed with a dose of 1014 Ga+ cm−2. Domain wall pinning was shown to be a major mechanism for the increase in coercivity. Also changes to the lattice parameter, composition, thickness and grain size in relation to magnetic properties were investigated using various transmission electron microscopy techniques. The lattice parameter change within the implanted region indicates that the stress can be a major contributor to the increase in coercivity. Relative contributions of changes in other factors such as Ni/Fe ratio, thickness, and grain size within the implanted area have also been discussed.


We study stochastic convex optimization with heavy-tailed data under the constraint of differential privacy (DP). Most prior work on this problem is restricted to the case where the loss function is Lipschitz. Instead, as introduced by Wang, Xiao, Devadas, and Xu (Wang et al., 2020), we study general convex loss functions with the assumption that the distribution of gradients has bounded k -th moments. We provide improved upper bounds on the excess population risk under concentrated DP for convex and strongly convex loss functions. Along the way, we derive new algorithms for private mean estimation of heavy-tailed distributions, under both pure and concentrated DP. Finally, we prove nearly-matching lower bounds for private stochastic convex optimization with strongly convex losses and mean estimation, showing new separations between pure and concentrated DP.


Moments of the photon energy spectrum in B -> Xs gamma decays, of the hadronic mass spectrum and of the lepton energy spectrum in B -> Xc l nu decays are sensitive to the masses of the heavy quarks as well as to the non-perturbative parameters of the heavy quark expansion. Several measurements have been performed both at the Upsilon(4S) resonance and at Z0 center of mass energies. They provide constraints on the non-perturbative parameters, give a test of the consistency of the theoretical predictions and of the underlying assumptions and allow to reduce the uncertainties in the extraction of |Vcb|.


Cytological study of the members of the pusilla group has shown that the "inland race" of A. pusilla (Walk.) differs in several constant chromosomal features from the other races and must be regarded as a distinct species; this has been described as A. interioris, sp. nov. The alleged "intergradation" between the two forms is to be ascribed to overlap in phenotypic characters and not to inter breeding, the "intermediates" being always cytologically typical of one or other species. Certain phenotypic characters are fully diagnostic when present, but a small proportion of individuals in eastern Australia and a much larger proportion in South Australia and Western Australia cannot be determined with certainty on the phenotype. A. nullarborensis Key differs cytologically from both the other species. The taxonomy and distribution of the three species is discussed. A. pusilla and A. interioris cannot be regarded as species in statu nascendi, and their inter relations induce scepticism in regard to claims to have ·recognized introgressive hybridization in various groups of animals by classical taxonomic methods. The bearing of the new information on the phylogeny of the group is indicated.


3. Mucosal Changes.-This is the critical factor. There should not be any mucosal changes in the rest of the bladder and there should be almost an abrupt change from tumour to normal mucosa. 4. Extent of Spread.-Depth of penetration is not a contra-indication in the choice of the operation. Cases suitable for segmental resection are very rare, about 3 per cent of all bladder tumours. Perhaps the only conclusion of considerable practical significance to be drawn from this article is that the usual way of presenting results in relation only to histology and extent of spread may be fallacious.


This article examines the activities of the Soviet military-political organs in the Baltic Fleet. It shows that the web of party institutions transformed the fleet into a space of political and social activism that had little to do with the strictly military aspects of government policy. Such activism was nevertheless unfailingly promoted, even as it became clear that it compromised core elements of military efficiency such as discipline and well-defined chains of command. This argument has implications for our broader understanding of the nature of the Soviet state. It indicates that once the Bolsheviks' revolutionary ideology had become institutionalised in the state via the ubiquitous presence of party organs, pragmatic retreats for organisational efficiency became exceptionally difficult to implement.


Raman spectroscopy provides powerful insights into the novel physical properties of the tetrahedrally coordinated diluted magnetic semiconductors, the II-VI semiconductors with group II ions randomly replaced with transition metal ions like Mn2+, Co2+ or Fe2+. The technique is equally fruitful in the context of the special issues which arise in epilayers and superlattices of these semiconductors.


This article studies the explicit and implicit meaning potential which can change in the process of translation from the Indonesian text to the English one in Tempo magazines. The study is focused on Tempo magazines of the Indonesian version and the English one in the period of 2011-2013. The data were gathered qualitatively by using library research. The objective of the study was to find out the explicit and implicit meaning potential of the SL changed through the translation. The result of the study showed that there were the implicit meaning potentials of the SL which changed to explicit meaning potential through translation. There were explicit meaning potentials which changed to implicit meaning potentials of TL through the process of translation even though this type of change is rarely found in the process of translation, and there were the shifts of cohesion in text meaning potentials which changed through the process of the translation viewed from the cultural point of view which influenced the use of language.


The county system is a very old-fashioned system, and its origin time is quite controversial. This paper summarizes the research about the original time of county system. It deems that the country system comes into being in Western Zhou Dynasty, and the answer should not come from the emergence of the word "County", but from its essence.


Analysis of the micro car muffler manufacturing process and process error prevention technology, manufacturing technology, and explains the improved muffler, suspension structure anti-corrosion performance improvement methods. Application shows that, improvement of manufacturing technology application and the structure of the micro manufacturing automobile muffler can be used for reference.


This book has argued that authoritarian states try to maintain a positive image of themselves abroad and work to protect that image from criticism. The logic for this authoritarian image management strategy is to enhance both the internal and external security of the regime. The book drew on an array of empirical content to substantiate its arguments, including both global and case study material. This chapter offers concluding remarks. Specifically, it offers speculative comments in three areas. First, it complicates the models laid out in the book by considering temporal change, the proposed mechanisms in interaction with one another, and new opportunities afforded by technology. Second, it considers the future of authoritarian image management. Third, it asks what, if anything, democratic policymakers and publics ought to do.


Fphog1 , a HOG-type mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) encoding gene of Fusarium proliferatum was constitutively expressed in all types of fungal cells. Δ Fphog1 mutants grew normally on artificial media; sporulation and spore germination were also normal. The mating capability of M24, a representative strain of the Δ Fphog1 mutants, showed no detectable decline, indicating that this HOG-type MAPK gene is dispensable for growth and reproduction under optimal culture conditions. Strain M24 had increased tolerance to vinclozoline and fludioxonil fungicides. Invasive growth of the wild type and three Δ Fphog1 gene replacement mutants (M21, M24, M36) were assessed on tomato fruits. All strains behaved similarly, i.e. they produced visible symptoms on the second day after infection, and produced ∼3 cm lesion, overgrown by fungal mycelium after six days of incubation. These data suggest that the HOG-type MAPK pathway is not required for the invasive growth of this fungus.


The present invention discloses five-cereal health powder, which is prepared from the following raw materials by weight: 20-30 parts of tartary buckwheat rice, 25-30 parts of oat rice, 15-20 parts of sorghum rice, 14-18 parts of red rice, 12-16 parts of black bean, 2-3 parts of arundina graminifolia, 1-2 parts of epimedium, 1-3 parts of common motherwort herb, 1-2 parts of rosa laevigata michx, 5-7 parts of west celery, 4-6 parts of lily, 12-14 parts of wax gourd, 11-13 parts of common yam rhizome, 1-2 parts of a nutritional additive, and a proper amount of water. The five-cereal health powder adopts tartary buckwheat rice, oat rice, sorghum rice, red rice and black bean as the main raw materials so as to substantially add dietary fibers and balance diet of people.


Abstract|APPLICATIONS OF CLOTHES SALES TRANSACTIONS IN DISTRO ALTILERY US- ING MAGIC GENERATOR 7.0 Ilham Nurizha Un- dergraduate Program, 2011 Gunadarma University http://www.gunadarma.ac.id Key Words: Application, ERD, Normalization, Magic Generator. ABSTRACT : In this paper the author discusses how to create a clothing sales transaction applications on a distribution by utilizing computerized technology. Because the current system of data processing performed on the distributions Altilery still use manual way, giving rise to the length of transaction processing and information generated. By utilizing a computerized media, are expected to help improve services to consumers by way of data processing that occurs, whether it's consumer data input, data search of clothing and apparel purchases are computerized for easier and minimize the errors that occurred. With this application made Altilery expected distributions can be more eective, ecient and professional in carrying out its activities and simultaneously introduce the Magic Generator 7.0 as an alternative choice in making an application that supports current developments.


1991. Fungal development and host cell responses to the rust fungus Puccinia substriata var. indica in seedling and mature leaves of susceptible and resistant pearl millet.


Objective: To examine the manifestations and links between emotional symptoms and panic buying during the implementation of domiciliary quarantine measures due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: A non-probabilistic sample of 339 residents in El Salvador, over 18 years old, answered an online questionnaire. The instrument comprised sociodemographic questions, items on perceptions of the pandemic, a panic buying scale, and the short version of the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Bivariate and multivariate analyzes were performed, including a path analysis. Results: Almost 40 % of the sample engaged in panic buying. Panic buying was associated with depression, anxiety, and stress, with being interested in the pandemic and the perception of disrupted routines. The path analysis showed that, indirectly, depression discouraged panic buying and anxiety encouraged it. Stress exerted an indirect positive effect mediated by the interest in the pandemic and the disruption of routines, but a direct effect on panic purchases. Conclusion: Depression, anxiety, and stress are differentially related to perceptions and behaviors associated with coping with the pandemic. Stress is an adaptive response to the demands of the situation while panic buying is a way to alleviate the negative emotions caused by the crisis. The interest in these shopping patterns must contemplate the consumerist context in which they occur as well as coping strategies linked to acquisitive power.


Methanol is widely used for production and life in modern industry as flammable and explosive dangerous chemical.It is important to control and prevent all kinds of accidents.Storage condition would be strict because of its risk which depended on physical and chemical properties.Its physical and chemical properties,risk and storage condition are firstly introduced respectively in this paper,and some countermeasures for controlling and preventing accidents are proposed based on type selection of storage,layout,technical flow,electric facility installment and fire facility setup.Furthermore,protection measures are put forward in detail from its physical and chemical properties to storage area,in order to improve its storage safety step by step and control the risk of its storage area.


Abstract Background Antimicrobial resistance is an important cause of morbidity and mortality globally; low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) face an especially high burden. Ineffective antimicrobial prescriptions and use of broad-spectrum agents contribute to resistance. We describe antibacterial prescribing patterns in patients with febrile illnesses and bloodstream infections (BSI) in northern Tanzania. Methods We compared data from two hospital-based prospective cohort studies, cohort 1 (2011-2014) and cohort 2 (2016-2019), both enrolled febrile pediatric and adult inpatients in Moshi, Tanzania. Aerobic blood culture was obtained in all patients and standard methods were used to determine isolate antimicrobial susceptibility. To describe management of febrile illness, we analyzed antibacterial drug prescription prior to and after enrollment. Broad-spectrum antibacterials were categorized using published frameworks. Treatments were categorized as discordant if a blood culture isolate was not susceptible to the patient's antibacterial regimen. We performed descriptive statistics and logistic regression to understand predictors of receiving an antibacterial. Results In total, 2,176 febrile inpatients were enrolled. Antibacterials were administered to 430 (42.0%) and 501 (45.1%) patients prior to enrollment, and 930 (89.1%) and 1,060 (93.6%) during admission in cohorts 1 and 2, respectively. Infancy and duration of fever were associated with higher antibacterial prescribing prior to enrollment (Table 2). Broad-spectrum antibacterials were administered to 548 (52.5%) in cohort 1 and 682 (60.2%) in cohort 2. Laboratory-confirmed bacteremia was detected in 87 (4%) patients. Susceptibility results were available in 73 patients; of these, 41 (56.2%) received discordant antibacterials. Conclusion Antibacterials were commonly administered for febrile illness in outpatient and inpatient settings; over half of patients received broad-spectrum antibacterials. A high proportion of patients with culture-positive BSI were treated with ineffective antimicrobials. Improved laboratory diagnostics for febrile illness, antimicrobial stewardship interventions, context-specific clinical guidelines, and provider education may improve prescribing practices. Disclosures Julian Hertz, MD, Roche Diagnostics: Grant/Research Support.


We use transaction data for Toronto Stock Exchange (TSE) listed stocks to examine the impact on trading costs of the decision to interlist on a U.S. exchange. We measure trading costs using both ?posted? bid-ask spreads and ?effective? bid-ask spreads that measure actual transaction prices relative to standing bid-ask quotes. After controlling for price level, trade size and trading volume effects, we find that overall ?posted? and ?effective? spreads in the domestic (TSE) market decrease subsequent to the interlisting. However, the decrease in trading costs is concentrated in those TSE stocks that experience a significant shift of total trading volume (TSE and U.S.) to the U.S. exchange after listing. We interpret this result in the context of theories of multi-market trading as a competitive response by TSE market makers to the additional presence of U.S. market makers.


Drug delivery, minimally-invasive surgery, and a hospital-in-the-body are highly desirable for meeting the rapidly growing needs of nanorobot. This paper reports a Z-shaped gold/platinum (Au/Pt) hybrid nanorobot which realizes the self-rotational movement without an external force field. The Z-shaped Au/Pt hybrid nanorobot was fabricated by focused ion beam (FIB) and plasma sputtering. The purity of the nanorobot was tested by energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS). The weight percentage of Pt and Au at the tip were 94.28% and 5.72%, respectively. The weight percentage of Pt and Au at the bottom were 17.39% and 82.75%, respectively. The size of the nanorobot was 2.58 × 10−16 m2 and the mass of the nanorobot was 8.768 × 10−8 kg. The driving force of the nanorobot was 9.76 × 10−14 N at the 6.9% concentration of hydrogen peroxide solution. The rotation speed was 13 rpm, 14 rpm, and 19 rpm at 5.6%, 6.2%, and 7.8% concentrations, respectively.


Review(s) of: The Artificial Horizon: Imagining the Blue Mountains, by Martin Thomas, Melbourne University Press, 2003, viii + 313 pp, ISBN 0522850723. Includes references.


The "Naturally Occurring Inorganic Fiber Task Group" in ASTM Committee E34 (Occupational Health and Safety) has been developing an ASTM standard for fibers that include asbestos. The method of counting fibers, the NIOSH technique,' was determined to have a high degree of variance. This was confirmed at a recent workshop of the National Bureau of Standards. The technique, however, is the best available for the purpose at this time', and has two advantages; it is relatively simple and can be easily learned. If the precision of the method were to be increased, and simultaneously if the "fibers" counted were truly asbestos, then the disadvantages of this relatively simple method would be overcome to a large degree. The NIOSH technique has adopted the criteria of a 3:1 aspect ratio and >5 prn in length for identifying and counting of fibers. Specialists in grinding techniques have shown that particulates of 3:l aspect ratio could be created with some minerals. As well, nonasbestos fibrous materials were known to occur in association with asbestos materials, e.g., nemalite and brucite with chrysotile. Specificity of asbestos fibers is therefore very important. Electron microscopic studies by the US. Bureau of Mines' showed that of the nonasbestiform varieties, such as anthophyllite, tremolite and hornblende, 95% produced cleavage fragments with an aspect ratio smaller than 10: 1 and 70% smaller than 3 : l . On the other hand, the majority of commercially milled chrysotile asbestos had an aspect ratio greater than 1O: l . This would suggest that increasing the aspect ratio to >3:l could significantly improve the discrimination between true fibers and nonfibrous particulates for counting purposes. A study to observe the effect of increasing the aspect ratio was suggested. It was hoped that this increase would allow greater discrimination between true fibers and non fi brous particulates. A round robin series was begun to test this hypothesis. Objectives of the initial series were to indicate problem areas and also to point the way to a more refined round robin series that would be statistically designed to allow for an analysis of variance. A parallel study of fiber count and identification on the same samples was included in this initial series. Two government, three research, and six industrial laboratories participated in the study.


The article reviews the installation "Molecular (Istanbul)" by Serge Spitzer in the former Mayor Synagogue in Istanbul, Turkey through fall 2010 and possibly beyond.


Each year, the population in Kalianda subdistrict, Lampung province keeps increasing. The increase in population means that the need for living space also increasing, this can lead to land cover conversion from a vegetation area to a residential area. To find how much the change in land conversion over the year, a spatial analysis over the period of 18 years was needed. So that it is expected to be able to manage spatial planning to cope with disasters in Indonesia.  This research uses Landsat 7 and 8 images that have been calculated using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) method. The results show that between 2010 - 2019, there is an increase in land cover changes in open land/house/building/no vegetation around 814 ha (6.9%), in low vegetation increase 975 ha (8.4%). However, in the medium vegetation was decreasing around 1123 ha (9.5%). Overall observation sample of the ground check is following the actual condition of land cover in Kalianda Sub-district. The data show that in the Kalianda subdistrict, land management is necessary to suppress land cover changes so that it won't lead to environmental disasters


A good subgrade for road pavement is required to support the
traffic load that passes through. The characteristics of the subgrade is
determined by the stress-strain behaviour that is expressed as a resilient
modulus. The performance of the pavement is affected by characteristics of
the subgrade. Characteristics of clay soil generally have a low of bearing
capacity, especially to support the load induced by the wheel load of
vehicles. Clay soil is very sensitive to changes of temperature and moisture
content. The changes of moisture content cause the changes on the
subgrade's resilient modulus value. This paper studies the resilient
modulus of the subgrade of clay soil by laboratory testing. To investigate
the effect of moisture content, this testing is done on a dry side, OMC
condition and wet side. The result shows the difference of the resilient
modulus characteristic and deformation that is influenced by the moisture
content.


Rats fed a low protein diet containing choline in which casein supplemented with sulfur-containing amino acids is the protein source develop moderately fatty livers. Effects of some hormones on this type of fatty liver were investigated. The accumulation of fat in the liver was alleviated by injection of thyroxine. Adrenalectomy also prevented the induction of fatty liver but fat accumulated excessively in adrenalectomized rats by the injection with cortisol.


Aim:  High peripheral resistance and structural alteration in resistance arteries are central phenomena in essential hypertension and have been widely examined by forearm venous occlusion plethysmography; at rest for studying vascular tone, and during reactive hyperaemia for studying vascular structure. This work concerns the influence of venous pressure on hyperaemic vascular resistance (Rmin), the reproducibility of hyperaemic and resting vascular resistances (Rrest) and the relation between forearm and total peripheral vascular resistance (TPR).


Modern data-driven techniques have rapidly progressed beyond modelling and systems identification, with a growing interest in learning high-level dynamical properties of a system, such as safe-set invariance, reachability, input-to-state stability etc. In this letter, we propose a novel supervised Deep Learning technique for constructing Lyapunov certificates, by leveraging Koopman Operator theory-based numerical tools (Extended Dynamic Mode Decomposition and Generalized Laplace Analysis) to robustly and efficiently generate explicit ground truth data for training. This is in stark contrast to existing Deep Learning methods where the loss functions plainly penalize Lyapunov condition violation in the absence of labelled data for direct regression. Furthermore, our approach leads to a linear parameterization of Lyapunov candidate functions in terms of stable eigenfunctions of the Koopman operator, making them more interpretable compared to standard DNN-based architecture. We demonstrate and validate our approach numerically using 2-dimensional and 10-dimensional examples.


Microbolometer array technology is making rapid progress in the commercial and tactical military world. An array was used for uncooled IR imaging in a very successful Shuttle flight and more is planned. Applications for long missions with microbolometers are on the drawing board. A recent study concluded that an uncooled staring array, when applied to Mid IR atmospheric ozone limb profile measurement could dramatically improve earth coverage, vertical precision and mixing ratio accuracy. Imaging by a staring array also alleviates some of the problems of non-imaging approach. This paper describes the technique and strategy of ozone profiling with an uncooled microbolometer array, the derived key instrument requirements and a brief discussion on the instrument implementation approach.


Despite the huge armamentarium of modern antibiotics and anti‐fungals infections remain life‐threatening events in patients with profound neutropenia. For decades, the value of granulocyte transfusions (GT) has been explored and results are still not conclusive. However, it has been shown that GT increase peripheral blood neutrophil counts of recipients and lead to migration of functional neutrophils into inflamed tissues. A favourable increment of absolute neutrophil counts is observed after concentrates from technically up‐to‐date apherese from granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor‐stimulated donors. Most studies indicated a potential positive effect on infection elimination with a minimum cell content of GT (1·5–3 × 108/kg recipient body weight). Although to date the beneficial effect of GT is not proven in prospective randomized trials, in specific situations GT is an option to treat infections along with antibiotics when there is profound neutropenia. However, these patients in critical situations need to be treated within carefully designed studies based on the best known methods for providing granulocyte concentrates in sufficient dose and frequency, standardized similar to other blood product transfusions. That includes definition of minimum cell content, maximum interval between apheresis and application, storage conditions, methods of donor stimulation according to patient's body weight and frequency of GT. This review considers the results of recent studies using GT from cytokine‐stimulated donors and the consequences and effects in recipients and donors.


Last Friday marked National Care Home Open Day and local MP Andrew Jones is once again supporting this initiative which sees care homes opening their ...


A computer-based simulation model was developed to quantify the seismic damage that may occur in water supply networks and to suggest restoration strategies after such events. The model was designed to produce probabilistic seismic events and determine the structural damage of facilities. Then, the model numerically quantifies the system restoration rate over time by connecting it with a hydraulic analysis solver. The model intends to propose superb restoration plans by performing sensitivity analyses using several restoration scenarios. The developed model was applied to an actual metropolitan waterworks system currently operating in South Korea and successfully suggested the most efficient restoration approaches (given seismic damage) to minimize the complete recovery time and suspension of water service. It is expected that the proposed model can be utilized as a decision-making tool to determine prompt system recovery plans and restoration priorities in the case of an actual seismic hazard that may occur in water supply networks.


PURPOSE
To detect precollagen III (PC III) levels in serum and vitreous samples from patients with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR).

METHODS
PC III levels were measured by radioimmunoassay in 5 cadaveric vitreous samples from normal subjects, 20 normal human serum samples, 29 vitreous and serum samples from patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment complicated with PVR. The relationship between PC III levels and PVR history, surgery, epiretinal membrane, severity of PVR were analyzed with Logistic regression analysis.

RESULTS
The mean PC III levels in serum samples of PVR patients and control subjects were 83.76 +/- 18.52 and 85.02 +/- 17.50 micrograms/L respectively (P > 0.05). PC III was not detected (< 40 micrograms/L) in the cadaveric vitreous. In vitreous aspirates from 29 eyes with PVR, it was not detected in 12 eyes, but higher than 40 micrograms/L in 17 eyes with the mean level of 268.69 +/- 176.07 micrograms/L. (P < 0.05) The high levels correlated with duration and severity of PVR. As onset time and PVR grade increasing, the probability of PC III concentration higher than 40 micrograms/L was 5.2655 and 2.7978 times the concentration lower than 40 micrograms/L respectively.

CONCLUSION
PC III can be detected in vitreous aspirates from PVR eyes. The PC III levels in the vitreous was an event of local responses and were correlated with severity and history of PVR. This suggests that PC III and collagen III be involved in the development of PVR.


Abstract The reasons for the fragmentation of the surveying and mapping industry are briefly recollected in an historical context. It is noted that much of the fragmentation resulted from differences of educational levels, and by individual bodies developing affinity and allegiance to particular educational qualifications. The issue of the number of operational levels that should exist in an industry is investigated and some proposals made for overcoming demarcations both vertically and laterally. It is concluded that the industry could be drawn together by the introduction of an educational model which reflected the levels within the industry and provided opportunities for upgrading (or downgrading) and lateral movement.


Using Symptom Check List 90(SCL—90),this article investigates the psychological state of 629 high school students(aged between 12 and 21),and explores the pertinent factors.The result indicates that 1).19.4% of them show obvious mental health problems;2) the disparities of mental health problems between different grades are striking,the students of grade one of senior high school being the poorest,those of grade one of junior the best,and in general the students of junior better than those of senior;3) the differences of psychological health states between boys and girls are not obvious;4) the differences of psychological states between students of Han nationality and those of minorities are not obvious;5) the students with single parent score higher than those with both parents in terms of depression factor.


This paper presents finite element modeling of an adhesively bonded coupler for the transfer of acoustic modes between two optical fibers. Acoustic modes are propagated through optical fibers for Lamb wave detection with remotely bonded Bragg grating sensors. The model output is compared to previous experimental data, varying the relative diameter of the two fibers. Parameter sweeps of the coupler geometry are also performed to understand how they affect the coupling coefficient.


Recently, the combined application technology of temperature difference thermoelectric devices, temperature difference thermoelectric refrigeration and temperature difference power generation has made rapid progress. Compared with traditional cooling methods, the widespread use of temperature difference semiconductor cooler based on the Peltier effect in various aspects of small-scale cooling especially medical use, which has made it gain more and more attention. Based on this, a medical semiconductor cooling system is designed in this work. The hardware circuit is based on a single-chip microcomputer system, including several parts such as a temperature sensor measurement system, an LCD display system, and a semiconductor cooler system. The software design includes single-chip microcomputer control program design, temperature acquisition subprogram design, and display subprogram design, then the cooling efficiency of semiconductor cooler and the refrigeration-box was measured, finally it completed and realized the design and temperature control of medical semiconductor cooler.


The behavior of Japanese common squid Todarodes paciˆcus around a squid jigging boat during night-time operation was investigated. Eighty-nine operations were conducted by R/V Hakusan-Maru (167 gross tons) equipped with 78 metal halide lamps (234 kW in total) in oŠshore ˆshing grounds in the Sea of Japan, and sonar images and squid catch were continuously recorded (logged). The positions of squid schools before they were caught were tracked from sonar image recordings using digitizer software. Squid schools moved around the boat, gradually approached the boat and then tended to locate in fore and aft areas just before they were caught. More squid were caught by jigging machines near the bow or stern than by those near the center of the boat. Underwater irradiance was lower in fore and aft areas than in port and starboard areas. These results indicate that squid schools tended to enter under the boat through fore and aft areas. Namely, fore and aft areas with low irradiance are thought to function as an entrance to the shaded area under the boat for the squid.


This paper deals with the numerical solution of a system of second-order in time partial differential equations modeling the vibrations of a coupling between an elastic solid and an inviscid compressible fluid. Both media are described in terms of their respective displacement fields. The problem is solved in the time domain by combining a Newmark's scheme for time discretization with a finite element method for space discretization. The latter combines standard Lagrangian elements in the solid with lowest-order Raviart-Thomas elements in the fluid. Stability is proved and numerical results showing the good behavior of the method are reported.


Abstract The fault diagnosis of modern complex moving systems has become increasingly difficult and takes center stage for both manufacturers and owners. Due to recent technological advances, the rapid integration of new functionalities makes fault diagnosis and maintenance operations much more challenging since these operations require a profound understanding of the overall system. This paper proposes an innovative holonic and cooperative diagnosis approach, along with a generic model, to increase the embedded diagnosis capabilities of complex moving systems. This concept is applied to the fault diagnosis of a door system in railway transportation system.


Abstract The extraction chromatography of manganese(II) was developed using tributyl phosphate as extractant from thiocyanate media with silica gel as the stationary phase. Manganese was extracted from 1.5 M ammonium thiocyanate, stripped with mineral acids and determined spectrophotometrically at 450 nm. It was separated from alkali metals, Mo(VI), nickel, silver and lead by selective extraction, and from iron(III), zinc, cobalt by selective stripping. The method was extended for the analysis of manganese in samples of soil and minerals.


A new feature extraction algorith was introduced,which based on non-separable wavelet and linear discriminant analysis(LDA).Firstly,palmprint images were representation by the lowest resolution subbands after 2-level non-separable wavelet decomposition,in this way,a palmprint image with a resolution of 128×128 after the wavelet decomposition got a subimage of 32×32 resolution,then the image dimension significantly reduced,what's more,it reduced the effects of illumination of this singular information on recognition results.Secondy,the linear discriminatnt analysis was used for feature extraction.The experimental results based on PolyU palmprint database showed that our method was superior to other methods in terms of recognition accruacy and efficienty.


OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of early hypernatremic dehydration among residents of a nursing home care unit (NHCU) presenting with significant febrile episodes (FE).


The paper considers actual policy trends and academic controversies related to qualitative data preservation and re-use. In the first part of the paper the epistemological/ methodological, ethical/legal, ideological/political, and practical/technical aspects of the ongoing British debate about data archiving and re-use have been presented and commented. In the second part of the paper, the Swedish case has been briefly described and considered in light of the academic concerns that have been raised by the British debate. The situation in Sweden may tentatively be summarised in three points: First, there are many signs that the infrastructure for qualitative data archiving and re-use is being developed without the active participation of sufficient representatives of the qualitative research community; Second, there are many signs that developing the infrastructure takes as a point of departure neo-positivistic or foundational epistemology, treating qualitative data in the same way as quantitative data, with all the methodological problems resulting from this; and third there are very few, if any, signs that serious academic debate has started in relation to all the issues that have been raised by the corresponding debate in Britain. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org) page 1 / 1


We propose that virtual enterprises can be enabled by extending the existing, and evolving, electronic commerce (EC) infrastructure. This incremental approach to virtual enterprises, based on fairly mature technology and standard services, has the obvious advantage over entirely ad hoc solutions of reducing risks and investment costs. To support this view, we present a general multidimensional view of EC that is not restricted to conducting secure transactions over the Internet-instead, it encompasses the partner types, supply chain lengths, organizational boundaries crossed, and value as well as volume of EC transactions. We then propose a platform for virtual enterprises, highlight its key enabling technologies, and analyze how existing commercial integrated platforms for EC can be extended to support virtual business.


Spatially resolved transcriptomics (SRT) has evolved rapidly through various technologies, enabling scientists to investigate both morphological contexts and gene expression profiling at single-cell resolution in parallel. SRT data are complex and multi-modal, comprising gene expression matrices, spatial information, and often high-resolution histology images. Because of this complexity and multi-modality, sophisticated computational algorithms are required to accurately analyze SRT data. Most efforts in this domain have been made to utilize conventional machine learning and statistical approaches, exhibiting sub-optimal results due to the complicated nature of SRT datasets. To address these shortcomings, researchers have recently employed deep learning algorithms including various state-of-the-art methods mainly in spatial clustering, spatially variable gene identification, and alignment. While great progress has been made in developing deep learning-based models for SRT data analysis, further improvement is still needed to create more biologically aware models that consider aspects such as phylogeny-aware clustering or the analysis of small histology image patches. Additionally, strategies for batch effect removal, normalization, and handling overdispersion and zero inflation patterns of gene expression are still needed in the analysis of SRT data using deep learning methods. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive overview of these deep learning methods, including their strengths and limitations. We also highlight new frontiers, current challenges, limitations, and open questions in this field. Also, we provide a comprehensive list of all available SRT databases that can be used as an extensive resource for future studies.


Background: Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) is the most widely cultivated species of the genus Moringa. An antidiabetic property is included among the medicinal benefits of M. oleifera. Aim: This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of the M. oleifera leaf extract in lowering the blood sugar levels for two groups categorized as being normal and hyperglycemic. Methods: Total 50 subjects were derived into two groups based on fasting blood sugar levels. They were classified either as normal or hyperglycaemic. Normal fasting blood sugar levels were considered as those with levels of 70-110 mg/dl, while hyperglycaemia was if blood sugar levels more than 110 mg/dl. Of the 50 subjects, 25 were normal and 25 were hyperglycaemic. Fasting blood sugar estimation was done from venous blood . Each subject was asked to swallow commercially available M. oleifera leaf extract in the dose of 500 mg along with regular breakfast . Two hours after taking the M. oleifera capsule, the blood sugar levels were measured again. Statistical significance of the change in blood sugar readings was determined using paired-samples t-test. Results: Mean (SD) FBS was 83.84 (2.4) mg/dl among normal subjects. Mean (SD) FBS was 140.28 (3.1) mg/dl among hyperglycemic subjects. Overall, there was a mean change of +14.12 for the normal group and -17.96 for the hyperglycemia group. Both values were statistically significant. (p<0.001). Conclusion: Our study shows that M.oleifera leaf extract has blood sugar lowering effects in hyperglycemic individuals, while in normal subjects blood sugar increased after breakfast as a normal phenomenon .


intermediate. No larvae were found alive in callery pear and, despite the high rate of oviposition in golden-rain tree, mean mass of living larvae was significantly lower in golden-rain tree than in London planetree, which was in turn significantly lower than in river birch. Significantly greater numbers of oviposition sites were found on gray birch (Betula populifolia Marshall) than on honeylocust (Gleditsia triacanthos L.), with cockspur hawthorn (Crataegus crus-galli L.) and littleleaf linden (Tilia cordata Miller) intermediate. No evidence of oviposition was found on honeylocust and no living larvae were found in either honeylocust or littleleaf linden. Numbers of living larvae did not differ significantly between gray birch and cockspur hawthorn; however, mean mass of living larvae was significantly greater in gray birch than in cockspur hawthorn. Numbers of oviposition sites and of living larvae did not differ significantly among silver linden (Tilia tomentosa Moench), common hackberry (Celtis occidentalis L.), Japanese zelkova (Zelkova serrata (Thunberg) Makino), and European hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.). Mean mass of living larvae also did not differ significantly among these four tree species and was very low in all cases. We have been evaluating oviposition by Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky) offered a selection hardwood tree species, four species at a time, and performance of the resulting larvae, using living trees under greenhouse conditions. Significantly greater numbers of oviposition sites were found on sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marshall) than on red maple (Acer rubrum L.), green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall), or red oak (Quercus rubra L.), with no significant differences among the latter three tree species. Similarly, significantly greater numbers of living larvae were found in sugar maple than in the other tree species; however, mean mass of living larvae did not differ significantly among the four tree species 90 days after removal of the adult beetles. Significantly greater numbers of oviposition sites were found on golden-rain tree (Koelreuteria paniculata Laxmann) than on London planetree (Platanus x acerifolia (Aiton) Willdenow) or on callery pear (Pyrus calleryana Decaisne), with river birch (Betula nigra L.) intermediate. Similarly, significantly greater numbers of living larvae were found in golden-rain tree and in river birch than in callery pear, with London planetree


Based on the W-F law,the national standard values of nine uranium deposit environment evaluation factors were divided into four ranks which were excellent,good,middle and bad from 0 to limit value,and then the radiation environment evaluation model was established by introducing comprehensive evaluation method of fuzzy mathematics.The three representative uranium mines in South China were selected as the evaluation objects,and the nine environment evaluation factors involved in the model were monitored on the spot.The monitoring data were calculated by the model.Based on the maximum subjection degree principle of fuzzy mathmatics,the level of evaluation target were determined according to the calculation results.


The collection of articles presented here is based on papers delivered at the 5th Galilee Colloquium on Social, Moral, and Legal Philosophy, held at Kibbutz Kfar Blum in northern Israel, and dedicated to the subject of The End of the Nation-State? Theoretical Dimensions and Historical Realities. The Galilee Colloquia were established by the Swiss–Israel Philosophical Foundation of Keren Kayemeth le-Israel/JNF. Their aim is to bring together each year a select number of international scholars to address, on a comparative level, some of the salient and vexing contemporary social, legal and moral issues. In order to confront these considerations with the practical consequences arising from them, some practitioners from relevant fields are also invited. The venue, not far from the Sea of Galilee and the Jordan River, is rich in historical associations and conducive to contemplation. Previous colloquia have dealt with the following subjects:


Integrated reporting (IR) was once questioned because standard setters in Indonesia have not required it. Corporate reports in Indonesia are voluntarily present in the form of IR. Although the preparation of IR in Indonesia is optional, it has been anticipated by reviewing corporate reporting research. Therefore, this study investigates IR in accounting research publications in Indonesia. This research uses a systematic literature review from 2017-2022 through nineteen articles in accounting journal publications indexed by the Science and Technology Index (SINTA) 1 and 2. The results show that research on IR in Indonesia began in 2017 with the dominance of quantitative methods referring to the International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC). IR's research in Indonesia shows the minimal use of qualitative methods exploring standard setters in Indonesia. In the 2017-2022 publication period, IR in accounting research in Indonesia was dominated by companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange using agency theory and stakeholder theory.


This article addresses the possibility of supporting the construction of emotions in the participants of Interactive Digital Narratives (IDN) by means of colours. The article uses goal models for expressing protostories. The core of the article consists of the case study where two colour synesthetes were asked to choose colours for eight emotions. Thereafter the same synesthetes were asked to choose colours for the emotions that support the attainment of goals in the Cinderella narrative, which serves as an example protostory. The article also discusses the perspectives for applying the method proposed by us to using colours in constructing emotions by IDNs.


STUDY QUESTION
Can the approach to, and terminology for, time-lapse monitoring of preimplantation embryo development be uniformly defined in order to improve the utilization and impact of this novel technology?

SUMMARY ANSWER
The adoption of the proposed guidelines for defining annotation practice and universal nomenclature would help unify time-lapse monitoring practice, allow validation of published embryo selection algorithms and facilitate progress in this field.

WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY
An increasing quantity of publications and communications relating to time-lapse imaging of in vitro embryo development have demonstrated the added clinical value of morphokinetic data for embryo selection. Several articles have identified similar embryo selection or de-selection variables but have termed them differently. An evidence-based consensus document exists for static embryo grading and selection but, to date, no such reference document is available for time-lapse methodology or dynamic embryo grading and selection.

STUDY DESIGN, SIZE AND DURATION
A series of meetings were held between September 2011 and May 2014 involving time-lapse users from seven different European centres. The group reached consensus on commonly identified and novel time-lapse variables.

PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS
Definitions, calculated variables and additional annotations for the dynamic monitoring of human preimplantation development were all documented.

MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE
Guidelines are proposed for a standard methodology and terminology for the of use time-lapse monitoring of preimplantation embryo development.

LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION
The time-lapse variables considered by this group may not be exhaustive. This is a relatively new clinical technology and it is likely that new variables will be introduced in time, requiring revised guidelines. A different group of users from those participating in this process may have yielded subtly different terms or definitions for some of the morphokinetic variables discussed. Due to the technical processes involved in time-lapse monitoring, and acquisition of images at varied intervals through limited focal planes, this technology does not currently allow continuous monitoring such that the entire process of preimplantation embryo development may be visualized.

WIDER IMPLICATIONS
This is the first time that a group of experienced time-lapse users has systematically evaluated current evidence and theoretical aspects of morphokinetic monitoring to propose guidelines for a standard methodology and terminology of its use and study, and its clinical application in IVF. The adoption of a more uniform approach to the terminology and definitions of morphokinetic variables within this developing field of clinical embryology would allow practitioners to benefit from improved interpretation of data and the sharing of best practice and experience, which could impact positively and more swiftly on patient treatment outcome.

STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS
There was no specific funding for the preparation of these proposed guidelines. Meetings were held opportunistically during scientific conferences and using online communication tools. H.N.C. is a scientific consultant for ESCO, supplier of Miri TL. I.E.A. is a minor shareholder in Unisense Fertilitech, supplier of the EmbryoScope. Full disclosures of all participants are presented herein. The remaining authors have no conflict of interest.


Intestinal epithelium covering the mucosal surface play an important role to maintain homeostatic balance between immunity and tolerance in the gut; however, the molecular mechanisms that control this function of intestinal epithelium remains to be elucidated. Epithelium-specific adaptor protein (AP) complex AP-1B, contributes to basolateral sorting of certain membrane proteins, which is essential for polarity formation and maintenance. We found that mice deficient in AP-1B caused severe chronic inflammation in the colon, characterized by crypt elongation, decrease in goblet cells, massive infiltration of CD11b+ dendritic cells (DCs) and TH17 cells. CD11b+ DCs prepared from the colon of AP-1B-deficient mice produced high amounts of IL-1β and TNF-α no matter if stimulated with LPS or not, whereas those from control mice did not release detectable amount of these cytokines even upon stimulation with LPS, suggesting a defect in immunological tolerance in AP-1B-deficient mice. This could be due to abrogated epithelial innate immune function, because reduced expression of antimicrobial proteins by colonic epithelium and bacterial penetration into the lamina propria were evident in AP-1B-deficient mice. Our data clearly suggest that appropriate protein sorting by AP-1B is necessary for formation and/or maintenance of epithelial integrity that is important for containment of excessive inflammatory response in the colon.


Monoisopropanolamine (MIA) and monoethanolamine (MEA), which are two kinds of organic alkalis, present favorable potential for enhanced oil recovery. When MIA and MEA are respectively applied, the minimum oil/water interfacial tension (IFT) can be reduced to about 1 mN/m, the crude oil can be emulsified, and the originally oil–wet sand surface can be altered to weak water-wet status. To display the synergistic effect of surfactant and organic alkalis, a surfactant/compound organic alkalis (MIE/MEA) flooding system (SMM), which consists of 0.10 wt % SDBS, 0.15 wt % MIA, and 0.10 wt % MEA, is screened. This system can reduce the minimum oil/water IFT to an ultralow value which contributes to the emulsion stability. Results of sandpack flooding tests indicate that although the incremental oil recovery can be continuously enhanced with the increase of the SMM slug size, there is an optimal injection size (0.8 PV in this study) when the expense is taken into consideration. As for the effect of the injection ty...


A case of miliary tuberculosis mimicking metastatic disease on bone scan is presented. The patient, a 35-year-old man, was hospitalized with fever, chills, hemoptysis, and a 23 kg weight loss over the previous 7 months. Chest radiographs revealed an apical infiltrate. Technetium-99m methylene diphosphonate bone scan revealed increased uptake not only in the lumbar spine but also in the ribs, thoracic spine and shoulder girdle, areas of which were asymptomatic. The bone scan was found to be useful in the evaluation of therapy in osseous tuberculosis. With antituberculosis therapy the bone scan abnormality generally returns to normal in 3 to 6 months, and it seems that bone scanning may play an important role in detection of unsuspected bone involvement and follow-up of patients with osseous tuberculosis.


Myelin antigen–reactive T cells have been implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). Myelin‐reactive T cells can be isolated from control subjects as well as individuals who have MS. Experimental models of MS indicate that recently stimulated, myelin‐reactive T cells have greater encephalitogenic potential than resting T cells. Activation induces changes in T‐cell surface antigens that may distinguish previously stimulated, memory T cells from naive T cells. Therefore, we examined 108 myelin basic protein (MBP)‐reactive T‐cell lines from 7 MS and 8 control subjects to determine whether MBP‐reactive T cells originated in the memory T‐cell subset or in the naive subset. Isotypes of CD45 were used that designate memory or naive T cells. In subjects having MS, 84% of the MBP‐reactive T cells resided in the memory T‐cell subset. However, in control subjects, only 13% of MBP‐specific T cells originated from the memory T‐cell subset. This result suggests that a substantial proportion of MBP‐reactive T cells from some individuals with MS have been previously activated in vivo. This difference provides additional support for the hypothesis that myelin antigen–specific T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of MS. Ann Neurol 1999;45:33–39


Abstract : Camp Delmont Dam is a concrete capped rockfilled timber crib structure with steel and timber sheetpile abutments about 190 feet long, with a maximum height of 19 feet. The dam has a maximum storage capacity of 236 acre feet and a maximum height of 19 feet which places it in the 'Small' size category. Because of the chance for appreciable damage to several cottages located downstream of the site and little chance for loss of life due to failure of the dam, the dam is judged to be a 'Significant' hazard structure. Due to the inhabitable dwellings located downstream of the dam, fifty percent of the Probable Maximum Flood (PMF) was selected as the appropriate Spillway Design Flood (SDF). An examination of the results of the hydrologic and hydraulic analyses indicates that the spillway and adjacent roadway are capable of passing 36% of the PMF without overtopping the dam abutments. The selected SDF for the dam is fifty percent of the PMF. Since the spillway is not capable of passing the SDF, the spillway is classified as 'Inadequate'. Further examination of the hydrologic and hydraulic analyses indicates that the spillway and adjacent roadway are capable of passing the 100 year event without overtopping the dam abutments. Based on visual observations and a review of the information obtained from Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources, Camp Delmont Dam appears to be in good condition.