Absract-The maximum fatal traffic accident rate occurs on curved roads at night time. Because of less illumination area on roads with conventional headlamp. Only 25% of the driving is done at night but 55% of the driving accidents occur during this period. The conventional light systems in the vehicles do not provide illumination in the right direction on curvy roads. Due to this constraint, need to understand an alternative technology solution. The aim is to improve the visibility area of driver to achieve a significant increase in safety and driving comfort. This is called a flexible front light system for automobiles and to illuminate the road in the night time at corner. From this system improves the driver's visibility at night time for achieving safety. The position of the headlights is dependent on the direction of the vehicle wheel so the input to the headlight system is attached to the vehicle's steering shaft. A simple geared mechanism is attached to a low-power type rotary encoder that can then feed directly into the microcontroller. As the steering shaft rotates(taking corners), it will turn the shaft of the rotary encoder and therefore vary the input. A microcontroller reads the information from the rotary encoder it turns the motor as programmed.


The results of experimental studies on oriented transformation followed by loading in the mode of martensitic inelasticity of titanium nickelide are presented. It is shown, in order to describe the structural mechanism of shape memory alloy (SMA) deformation, it is more correct to use the maximum intensity of the martensitic part deformation of the SMAs representative volume as an isotropic hardening parameter, rather than the averaged phase-structural deformation. The hypothesis of a linear dependence of the SMA compliance 1 / E on the volume fraction of the martensite phase q is better in agreement with the experimental data than the hypothesis of a linear dependence of Youngs modulus E on q.


The October 2008 issue of PS published a symposium of presidential and congressional forecasts made in the summer leading up to the election. This article is an assessment of the accuracy of their models. At its most basic level, the Economic Expectations and Time-for-a-Change Model performed well in that it successfully forecast a Barack Obama victory. It was in estimating the two-party vote that the model underperformed. The point estimate was off by just under five percentage points. While not terrible, the model did not perform as well as it did in earlier years.


Summary Introduction. The results of the authors' own study indicated that the presence of disorders in the oral cavity region adversely affects the psychological state. It was decided to assess the emotional state of healthy individuals, those with temporomandibular dysfunctions, and patients who sought dental treatment for disorders other than those concerning the stomatognathic system. To assess the correlation between the state of emotional tension and other oral diseases, specifically temporomandibular dysfunctions. Material and methods. The material comprised 397 patients: group I - 249 diagnosed with disorders of the stomatognathic system, group II - 100 with no symptoms of the temporomandibular dysfunction but with other oral cavity disorders, and group III - 48 with no stomatognathic disorders. The patients were tested using the Helkimo anamnestic test, the Beck depression scale and a clinical Helkimo questionnaire. When the results were analysed according to the Beck scale, persons aged up to 25 years were analysed separately. Results. The correlation between the mean and median of depression for groups II and III was statistically significant. The analysis showed that the correlation in percentage terms between the presence of depression in persons from groups II and III was also statistically significant. This can be interpreted as confirming a correlation between the deterioration in the mood of patients and the presence of disorders in the oral cavity region. A statistically significant


Insects represent more than half of all known living organisms and potentially represent more than 90% of the differing life forms on Earth. Hence, human contact with insects is unavoidable. 1 Though insects bite or sting, they are not serious and will get better within a few hours or days. However, occasionally they can cause severe allergic reactions resulting in anaphylaxis, or can become infected, and can even result in the spread of serious diseases such as malaria, dengue and leishmaniasis. Literature reveals that bugs that bite or sting are most often wasps, hornets, bees, horseflies, ticks, mosquitoes, fleas, bedbugs, spiders and midges. 2


In a typical text, readers look much longer at some words than at others and fixate some words multiple times, while skipping others altogether. Historically, researchers explained this variation via low-level visual or oculomotor factors, but today it is primarily explained in terms of cognitive factors, such as how well word identity can be predicted from context or discerned from parafoveal preview. While the existence of these effects has been well established in experiments, the relative importance of prediction, preview and low-level factors for eye movement variation in natural reading is unclear. Here, we address this question in three large datasets (n=104, 1.5 million words), using a deep neural network and Bayesian ideal observer to model linguistic prediction and parafoveal preview from moment to moment in natural reading. Strikingly, neither prediction nor preview was important for explaining word skipping – the vast majority of skipping was explained by a simple oculomotor model. For reading times, by contrast, we found strong but independent contributions of both prediction and preview, with effect sizes matching those from controlled experiments. Together, these results challenge dominant models of eye movements in reading by showing that linguistic prediction and parafoveal preview are not important determinants of word skipping.


The optimal network topology and spatial arrangement of the vessels providing a large surface area are necessary for the efficient functioning of the vasculature. In the present study we have developed the algorithm for construction of the arterial system model with physiologically significant geometric properties. The analysis of the effect of the bifurcation exponent on the topology of the arterial network was made using the proposed approach.


This paper examines the discourse of marginality conflated with the representation of resistance in Arundhati Roy's writings. Roy's representation of subaltern agency in both her fiction and nonfiction yields insights into her governing ideology. She articulates the need for the abrogation of the marginalizing power of the dominant centre. As its site for resistance and ideological positioning, Roy's discourse has the postcolonial nation as both "the material referent" and "the condition of production". Situated within the discourse of resistance and abrogation, Roy's writings also evidence the nefarious and debilitating impact of neocolonial pressures complicit with the postcolonial order. She fashions subversive strategies to expose the inherently diminishing forces as well as to mirror the balance of power between the characters. I wish to look at the enabling and empowering representation of the traumatized marginal in Roy's celebrated novel The God of Small Things (1997) as well as the subjugated subalterns in the essays collected in The Algebra ofInfinite Justice ( [2001],2002). After The God of Small Things Roy has dedicated her creative energy to articulating the issues of public concern in her political essays. Her novel's firm achievement fully forecasts her non-fiction. However, both the form and content of marginality change in her polemical writings. As the author of social commentary, Roy has shown herself considerable strength and skill in confronting current realities. The narrative skill and stylistic virtuosity which distinguish her novel are combined with the stinging immediacy, the urgency and directness of her non-fiction. True to the genre, her non-fictional take on the issues of marginality and resistance is focused, forthright, explicit and overtly combative, unlike the ideologically mediated, indirect transgressive gestures in her novel. This paper is an attempt to explicate the shape of Roy's coalition with the marginal and vulnerable sections of society—both local and global.


Visual motion is a simple yet powerful cue widely used by biological systems to improve their perception and adaptation to the environment. Examples of tasks that greatly benefit from the ability to detect movement are object segmentation, 3D scene reconstruction and control of attention. In computer vision several algorithms for computing visual motion and optic flow exist. However their application in robotics is not straightforward as in these platforms visual motion is often dominated by (self) motion produced by the movement of the robot (egomotion) making it difficult to disambiguate between motion induced by the scene dynamics or by the own actions of the robot. Independent motion detection is an active field in computer vision and robotics, however approaches in this area typically require that some models of both the environment and the robot visual system are available and are hardly suitable for real-time control. In this paper we describe the motionCUT, a derivation of the Lucas-Kanade optical flow algorithm that allows detecting moving objects, irrespectively of the egomotion produced by the robot. Our method is purely visual and does not require information other than the images coming from the cameras. As such it can be easily adapted to any robotic platform. The system was tested on a stereo tracking task on the iCub humanoid robot, demonstrating that the algorithm performs well and can easily execute in real-time.


List of Maps List of Illustrations Introduction: Europe's Troubles 1. The War and its Legacy 2. Europe between the Powers, 1945-1953 3. Restoration, Reconstruction and Revolution: Europe, 1945-1950 4. Consolidating Western Europe, 1950-1963 5. Western Europe in the 1960s 6. The Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, from 1953 to the 1970s 7. Western Europe in the 1970s: Downturn and Detente 8. Western Europe in the 1980s: The Era of Thatcher, Mitterrand and Kohl 9. European Integration: From Rome to Maastricht, 1957-1992 10. The Fall of the Communist Regimes: The Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, 1980-1991 11. Europe after the Cold War 12. Europe in the new millennium


M ODERN military communications systems are , increasingly adopting  the digital method of transmitting information. In a digital communications (or data) link, the information to be sent is represented by a sequence of electronic pulses. In the simplest form of digital signal transmission, these pulses are referred to as binary digits, or "bits." Each pulse, or bit, is the smallest amount of data that can be communicated, and the messages to be sent 'are composed of larger sets of these bits. The manner in which message information is imparted to the data bits is the subject of information modulation, a topic well covered in most basic texts on communications." The subject addressed here is the reliable detection, at the communications receiver, of the individual bits when interference is present, so that the information carried by the sequence of data bits can be recovered. The time duration of a data bit implies a minimum bandwidth capability for the communications link. Thus, it is important to understand the basic concept of bandwidth involved in any criteria for reliable reception.


The investigation on the compatibility between China Experimental Fast Reactor(CEFR) welded specimens with sodium was performed under simulative operation conditions of CEFR.The intergranular corrosion and the variation in mechanical porperties were observed and determined after test in 450 ℃ sodium for 3 000 h.The average corrosion rate is less than 0.9 mg/(m~2·h) and the intergranular corrosion is not observed at the welded specimen surface contacted with sodium.Comparing tensile behaviors of as-received specimens with that of corroded specimens,the difference on the yield strength(R0.2%) and ultimate tensile strength(UTS) as well as elongation precent(A%) are not considerable before and after of experiment.


Quality assurance guidelines are indispensable elements in quality effectiveness and maintenance. The guidelines put more consideration on strengthening and promoting the quality of the teaching and learning process. This study aimed at assessing the implementation of quality assurance guidelines in promoting the quality of teaching and learning. It was guided by two research objectives; to describe the status of school quality assurance implementation, and to identify the challenges encountered by the internal and external School Quality Assurance Officers during quality assurance exercises. The study adopted a Mixed Methods research approach and a descriptive survey design. The targeted sample was drawn from Temeke Municipality and included six public secondary schools, 60 students, 34 teachers, 6 head of schools, 3 ward district officers, 1 district education officer and 6 district quality assurance officers. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and cross-tabulation. A synthesis of the findings revealed that public secondary schools in Temeke Municipality were exposed to quality assurance exercises by the school quality assurance officers. The findings also revealed that quality assurance reports were only shared to Education officer, Head of school, and teachers. Other stakeholders like students and ward education officers were not given the reports. On the basis of the findings, it was concluded that quality assurance guidelines are fairly implemented in secondary schools in Temeke Municipality. However, challenges such as shortage of funds, shortage of staff, lack of working facilities, overcrowded classrooms, and lack of transport and materials for SQAOs made it impossible for the guidelines to be effectively implemented and thus impeded the acquisition of educational competencies among students in public secondary schools in Temeke Municipality, Tanzania. Therefore, educational stakeholders should ensure adequate provision of resources to schools to facilitate the effective implementation of the quality assurance guidelines as stipulated in the NSQAF, (2017).


Meaningful analysis of voluminous health information has always been a challenge in most healthcare organizations. Accurate and timely information required by the management to lead a healthcare organization through the challenges found in the industry can be obtained using business intelligence (BI) or business analytics tools. However, these require large capital investments to implement and support the large volumes of data that needs to be analyzed to identify trends. They also require enormous processing power which places pressure on the business resources in addition to the dynamic changes in the digital technology. This paper evaluates the various nuances of business analytics of healthcare hosted on the cloud computing environment. The paper explores BI being offered as Software as a Service (SaaS) solution towards offering meaningful use of information for improving functions in healthcare enterprise. It also attempts to identify the challenges that healthcare enterprises face when making use of a BI SaaS solution.


The DB2 LUW Optimizer: Beginner to Intermediate Guide is a hands-on workshop for people who both are new or have some experienced using the DB2 SQL Optimizer (aka compiler). The workshop provided a high-level overview and basic understanding of the DB2 Optimizer while at the same time focusing on the DB2 Tools and Features for the DB2 Optimizer.

The topics were presented in a workshop style, which used an interactive hands-on approach. The use of interactive exercises reinforced the topics that were presented over the course of the workshop.

In this workshop the following topics were covered:

• Section 1 Introduction to the Workshop Database and an SQL Primer

• Section 2 Phases of the DB2 LUW Optimizer

• Section 3 High Level Overview

• Section 4 Explain Facility

• Section 5 DB2EXFMT Tool

• Section 6 Operators

• Section 7 Predicates and Joins

• Section 8 Basic Tuning Hints

• Section 9 Catalog Statistics

• Section 10 Cardinality Estimates (filter factor/selectivity)

• Section 11 Statistical Views

• Section 12 Optimizer Guidelines

This also included interactive hands-on exercises using a database prepared specifically for this workshop.

The presentation began with an introduction to the database created, which was used in the hands-on exercises. The database was created with tables of data to illustrate the topics presented. This introduction to the database also included a review of basic SQL.

The next section was an introduction to the DB2 LUW Optimizer. The different phases of the Optimizer were discussed from the time the query entered the compiler to the time it was executed.

The following section continued to provide a high level overview of the sections in the DB2 Explain Report and also the key components that influence the Optimizer when generating an Access Plan for any query.

To understand the Access Plan generated by the DB2 Optimizer the Explain Facility was discussed in the next section. This also included a brief description of the DB2 Explain Tools available to view the Access Plan.

With a better understanding of how to generate an Access Plan of a query for review the next section described the various operators used in an Access Plan. These operators were used in the generated Access Plan to show how the result set will be processed. In conjunction with the next section, where predicates and joins were discussed in more detail, exercises were used to illustrate how an SQL query would be translated into an Access Plan.

The remaining sections built upon the general knowledge of Access Plans for an SQL query on how to influence changes in the Access Plan. In the Basic Tuning Hints section, there was a brief discussion on how the Database Manager and Database Configuration Parameters along with the DB2 Registry Variables can influence the DB2 Optimizer.

In the next the two sections the Catalog Statistics and Cardinality Estimates were introduced. The statistics for a table describes the size of the data in the table.

However, there are additional features of DB2 LUW that allow more control over the DB2 Optimizer. These two features are Statistical Views and Optimizer Guidelines, which were presented in the last two sections of the workshop.


Averaging techniques or gradient recovery techniques are frequently employed tools for the a posteriori finite element error analysis. Their very recent mathematical justification for partial differential equations allows unstructured meshes and nonsmooth exact solutions. This paper establishes an averaging technique for the hypersingular integral equation on a one-dimensional boundary and presents numerical examples that show averaging techniques can be employed for an effective mesh-refining algorithm. For the discussed test examples, the provided estimator estimates the (in general unknown) error very accurately in the sense that the quotient error/estimator stays bounded with a value close to $1$.


This paper describes a learning algorithm for small autonomous mobile robots based on sets of fuzzy automata. The task of the robots is to learn how to avoid obstacles reactively. The approach presented here is one in which two robots learn simultaneously. with the experiences of each robot being passed onto the other. It is shown that this sharing of experiences results in a faster and more repeatable learning of the robots' behavioural parameters when compared with individual learning.


Chinese culture is of long standing, and its social capital which provides prime mover for Chinese society development is extremely profound.But with the deepening of market economy, many problems, such as the loss of integrity and professional ethics, are standing out increasingly.At the same time, these problems are corroding the foundation of social capital gradually.Thus much attention and anxiety should be focused on them. Social capital needs to be reconstructed from two sides: deposit and increment. On the one hand, the useful deposit of social capital should be developed and its useless part should be discarded; on the other, social capital with the modern sense should be exploited and absorbed, especially the open and large-scale social capital. In addition,the social capital reconstruction should be based on good system because social capital is weak without support of the systems.


Background: The safety and efficacy of the second‐generation biodegradable polymer Cobalt‐Chromium sirolimus‐eluting stent (EXCEL2) in daily clinical practice remains unknown. Additionally, to meet the China Food and Drug Administration requirements, we conducted an objective performance criterion study from the CREDIT II and CREDIT III trials.


Anthology activity is a manner of literary activity,a moving manner of literary history and a manner of literary critique.Canon is related to anthology activity,self-anthology activity is a process of canonization,decanonization and recanonization.Anthology activity is constitutive of a lot of elements.As compare with anthology and anthology critique,anthology activity has more tension of theory.There are many regions of making researches on anthology activity,for example,first,basic research;second,historical research;third,demonstration research;fourth,application research;fifth,the standardization of research.


Universities located in or near rural settings are uniquely positioned to partner with their community to offer invaluable resources often lacking within rural social service agencies. This teaching note describes a community-based research assignment implemented within an MSW advanced research methods course. The goal of this class was to teach students, through service learning, each phase of the evaluation process, and strategies to build and sustain rural community partnerships. Lessons learned and implications for social work practice and education are discussed.


Mental retardation (MR) and hypotonia occur together frequently and have a heterogeneous etiology. Molecular and clinical studies have led to the recent discovery of genes on the X chromosome that may be associated with syndromal forms of X‐linked MR (XLMR). These disorders manifest additional neurological and somatic features that are helpful in establishing a specific diagnosis and etiology. This article provides an overview of MR and its association with hypotonia, with a review of five 'new' XLMR‐hypotonia syndromes.


Purpose – Women are vastly underrepresented in corporate Greece. One widely accepted explanation for this situation is the negative stereotypes about women as managers. Given the apparent influence of business students' stereotypes on future discriminatory behaviour toward women in management, and given the dearth of empirical research on this issue for the Greek case, this study aims at measuring and assessing gender‐based attitudes of surveyed students.Design/methodology/approach – A survey was conducted involving 323 undergraduate students majoring in business administration at the University of Macedonia, Greece.Findings – The main finding is that business students' attitudes toward women in management are primarily shaped by their own gender. This study, employing the Women as Managers Scale, found that male business students hold relatively negative stereotypic attitudes compared to their female counterparts. In addition, it was found that gender was by far the most influential factor in accounting ...


The purpose of this study was to investigate the intraobserver and interobserver agreements in the diagnosis of malignant versus benign adnexal masses using two‐dimensional ultrasonography (2D US) and three‐dimensional ultrasonography (3D US).


Cultured human kidney T1 cells were allowed to recover between paired doses of X-rays and accelerated heavy ions. Recovery from sublethal doses of X-rays and heavy ions having LET's up to $1650\ {\...


Informally, activity recognition refers to the identification of an activity involving one or more objects across time. Activities often involve multiple objects, and the relation (or interaction) between them is of predominant importance for recognizing their activity. Our approach to activity recognition of multiple interacting objects is based on a model composed of: (1) a transition part that models the dynamic aspects and allows to predict the state and (2) a relational part that models the interaction between objects.


We have summarized the available literature on the psychological assessment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). In addition, both the uncontrolled group outcome studies and the controlled studies that utilized psychological treatment of IBS are reviewed. We have summarized in some detail one of our own recent studies on the assessment of IBS and its comparison to chronic headache. Finally, we summarized three of our own recent studies of the treatment of IBS with a multicomponent program composed of relaxation, thermal biofeedback, and cognitive stress coping therapy. This program has been successful in 50% to 60% of patients across five small-scale replications.


In this paper, we demonstrated ourwork in context-independent classification of non-lexical 'yes' and 'no' responses. A typical use case in speech-based interaction with a computer was presented. Related data collection procedure adopted from human-human communication was also described.


of dissertation Presented to the Graduate School of the University of Florida in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy PARALLEL DISCRETE EVENT SIMULATION OF QUEUING NETWORKS USING GPU-BASED HARDWARE ACCELERATION By Hyungwook Park December 2009 Chair: Paul A. Fishwick Major: Computer Engineering Queuing networks are used widely in computer simulation studies. Examples of queuing networks can be found in areas such as the supply chains, manufacturing work flow, and internet routing. If the networks are fairly small in size and complexity, it is possible to create discrete event simulations of the networks without incurring significant delays in analyzing the system. However, as the networks grow in size, such analysis can be time consuming and thus require more expensive parallel processing computers or clusters. The trend in computing architectures has been toward multicore central processing units (CPUs) and graphics processing units (GPUs). A GPU is the fairly inexpensive hardware, and found in most recent computing platforms, but practical example of single instruction, multiple data (SIMD) architectures. The majority of studies using the GPU within the graphics and simulation communities have focused on the use of the GPU for models that are traditionally simulated using regular time increments, whether these increments are accomplished through the addition of a time delta (i.e., numerical integration) or event scheduling using the delta (i.e., discrete event approximations of continuous-time systems). These types of models have the property of being decomposable over a variable or parameter space. In prior studies, discrete event simulation, such as a queuing network simulation, has been characterized as being an inefficient application for the GPU primarily due to the inherent synchronicity of


Featured by abundant resources and wide distribution,natural mineral water for drinking in Henan Province has great development potential.Based upon the physicochemical characteristics of the raw mineral water in Hebi Region,it's proposed that the development of bottled mineral water there will be of great significance.At the same time,the application procedures and technological essentials in setting up plants and processing are focused on.


The paper discusses extending of the base functionality of Unity3d with plugins and usefulness of extending the base functionality with plugins on the example of atmospherics and effects plugin. The paper also discusses process of creating a plugin from scratch.


Adiposity levels have risen in many countries during recent decades, and these increases have had estimable effects on particular national mortality rates. The aim of this chapter is to describe the likely effects of recent adiposity levels on cause-specific mortality rates in five selected countries: two in North America (United States and Canada), two in Europe (England and Wales-which are actually two countries but considered here as one-and France), and one in Asia (Japan). The countries were selected because of their large populations (collectively about 600 million) and because of the ready availability of reliable data for them. There are about 30 other countries to which this approach could be applied equally well, although that would be beyond the scope of a single chapter. For most of the world's 160 or so other countries, the underlying information necessary for such estimates has simply never been collected.


An outdoor-type polypropylene compound is prepared from polypropylene resin, toughening modifier, mineral strengthening agent, coupling agent, assistant, optical stabilizer and colouring agent through dual-screw extruding. Its advantages are excellent mechanical performance and machinablity, and better resistance to light, high-temp and weather.


Summary This study represents an investigation into the physiological basis of the differential excretion of D-phenylalanine in man after its oral administration. Of the processes investigated: adsorption of the substrate into the blood, inversion to the L form, oxidative deamination to phenylpyruvic acid, and renal function, differences in absorption and renal function were important in accounting for the differential excretion of D-phenylalanine.


Quality of Service (QoS)-aware Web Service Composition as complex problem solver has become one of the most highlighted issues in service computing area. It maps to multi-objective optimization problem that is classified as Nondeterministic Polynomial-time hard (NP-hard) problem. The diversity of subjective and potentially dishonest evaluations impose an obstacle to QoS-aware service assessment. The vague preferences of users have also to be considered in multi-criteria service selection. Last but not least, the budget-constrained service negotiation needs to make trade-off between the desired QoS metrics and the imposed budget constraints by service users. There is a large body of research covering aforementioned different aspects of service composition. This research tries to open a new horizon for service composition to utilize collaborative decision support systems. The proposed system involves three phases, namely Trust-Aware Crowd-enabled consensus-based Service Assessment (TACSA), Fuzzy inference-based multi-criteria Service Ranking (FASER), and Pareto-optimal service composition (PALEN). In the first phase, TACSA is responsible to assess all candidate services with respect to the required QoS metrics and guarantee this assessment not to suffer from subjective and dishonest evaluations by means of the collaborative decision making. The incurred complexity in capturing users' preferences and objectives is the second obstacle to rank services. FASER, the fuzzy inference engine, is then used to capture user preferences and support multi-criteria QoS-based service ranking. After that, the composer is required to negotiate with ranked service providers and select the best-possible candidate service based on users' QoS desires and constraints. PALEN enables composer to achieve this aim using the autonomous service level agreement negotiation strategy and surplus management. The focus of the proposed negotiation strategy is restricted to the time-dependent tactic that can handle the deadline imposed by users. Besides, a novel approach proposed to dynamically adjust time-dependent function parameter based on service demand and utilization, and redistribute surplus to optimize the composite service. The research promises to select the best candidate services that maximizes QoS metrics while adheres to users' budget constraints. The extensive experimental results along with simulated scenarios demonstrate the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed approach. It is interesting to note that the consensus on assessed QoS metrics is achieved with respect to different parameters and the crowd converge to the most trustworthy service assessment. Moreover, the results indicate that the composition optimality is averagely increased by almost 80% considering different composition scenarios.


Heavy ion single-event effect (SEE) measurements on Xilinx Zynq-7000 are reported. Heavy ion susceptibility to Single-Event latchup (SEL), single event upsets (SEUs) of BRAM, configuration bits of FPGA and on chip memory (OCM) of the processor were investigated.


FIELD: information technology. SUBSTANCE: device (DVR) is processing data elements which can be reproduced for user. Example of such device is digital videorecorder. The device (DVR) contains network interface (NWIC, NWIM) which connects the device (DVR) to network which contains other devices. Content analysis initiator (ECF) in the device (DVR) detects that other device comprising part of network contains content analyser. Content analysis initiator (ECF) applies content analyser (AVCA) of other device to data element (AVF). EFFECT: providing possibility for data processing device which is part of network to use content analysis of other devices which are part of network in order to improve content descriptor spontaneously which descriptor can already exist for specific data element. 9 cl, 6 dwg


The reactions of C2H5+ and C2H4+ with ethane were studied in a pulsed electron beam high ion source pressure mass spectrometer. Ethane at variable pressures in the 10–100 m Torr range in ~5 Torr hy...


Lots of by-products containing a large amount of durene and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene may formed in the process of coal to gasoline.Based on the different melting and boiling points of the components,the methods including distillation and crystallization were proposed to purify the mixture.With the by-products from coal to gasoline project in Shanxi province as the raw materials,and using a small-scale experimental device,the mass fraction of durene and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene obtained can reach 99% and 94.85% respectively.Aspen Plus was applied to simulate the distillation process.The industrial experiment device containing three towers for distillation and separation was designed to fulfill the prospective effect.The mass fraction of durene and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene obtained reaches 67.52% and 98.19% respectively.The purity of durene can reach above 95% after being re-crystallized with toluene.


Behaviour of juvenile spruce grouse (Dendragapus canadensis), from hatching to brood breakup, was observed in 30 radio-tracked broods inhabiting lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) forests of southwestern Alberta. The immediate posthatch period (first 20 days) was characterized by a close spatial relationship between the chicks and hen, with brooding being the dominant behaviour. Hens with broods appeared to respond immediately, both vocally and through movement toward their chicks, whenever the latter uttered the following calls: sreep, sury, seer, and purring. Brooding sessions decreased in frequency but not duration (median of 11 min) until they disappeared from the behavioural repertoire of the chicks at about 50 days of age. Hen–chick and intersibling distances increased as the chicks grew older. The breakup of broods appeared to result when the cohesiveness of the brood decreased to a point at which calls of the chicks no longer elicited a response from the brood hen. There was no evidence that agonism ...


To assess the feasibility of acquiring vessel size imaging (VSI) metrics using ferumoxytol injections and stock pulse sequences in a multicenter Phase I trial of a novel therapy in patients with advanced metastatic disease.


The article discusses correlation of the ontological idea of truth and the correspondence theory interpreting the truth as correspondence of statement with an object. Its proved that the conformity of knowledge and object proceeds from the ontological understanding of the truth as true being, its moment. This justification is realized by the author in the context of ancient classical thought and Hegels dialectics.


With the rapid development of Internet,network economy is going deep into every fields of the society,being featured with information technology and new technology revolution.Its impact also makes a challenge to ideological and political education in universities and colleges.As cultivator and builder of human beings,the universities and colleges have to consider and solve the new task of how to catch hold of the chance,face up to the challenge and seek countermeasures for ideological and politic education.


The initial spacecraft of the Earth Resources Technology Satellite Program, ERTS-1, was launched on July 23, 1972, and has provided broad earth resource data for use by numerous governmental and scientific agencies. This paper reports on the basic design and flight performance to date of the ERTS-1 power system. The design is based on earlier Nimbus spacecraft power system configurations with modifications introduced to provide increases in average and peak power capabilities. Data is presented showing overall design performance in terms of allowable load duty cycles, solar array capability, and battery charge and discharge behavior. Of special interest is the effect of solar flare activity occurring on August 3 to 7, 1972, in abruptly reducing the solar array output. After 10 months in orbit sufficient power remains for another 18 months of ERTS operation.


The third set of articles deals solely with fishing and whaling: the Dutch together with the English were the earliest North European people to whale on an almost industrial scale near the Arctic, and fishing was always a major activity that drew government attention during peace as well as war. The latter is the main element of three articles: the inability to exercise police control during the nineteenth century over the illegal activities of Dutch fishermen on the North Sea; Dutch supremacy on the herring market in the middle of the sixteenth century; and the dilemma faced by Flemish fishermen during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries to engage in privateering or to fall victim to privateers. The ten articles on "sailors" deal either with the history of an individual ("Gevers" by Van Eyck van Heslinga and Van de Voort; "Van Grevestein" by Habermehl, "Heyn and Jol" by Den Heijer) or with aspects of the history of groups of sailors, ranging from sailors working with the VOC and Dutch navy from the sixteenth until the nineteenth century to Canadian seamen at the end of the nineteenth century. The articles take on interesting (and, until now, some underexposed) aspects like the religious background of sailors (Boon), wages (Fischer) and even their characters (Hornstein). The most diverse kinds of research are presented in the final part named "Varia" (miscellanea). Here too, the years covered stop somewhere halfway through the nineteenth century, although the perspective has changed slightly from previous sections. These articles are not based on written sources alone, but also use material remnants such as paintings, artefacts from archaeological finds, and prints either as sources or are evaluated as sources. This conforms very much to the idea that Professor Jaap Bruijn encouraged concerning this perhaps hard-to-interpret yet abundantly available source in the Netherlands. During the final decade of his professorship he put more than an average effort into finding and disclosing such artefacts for students of maritime history. The team of five editors who compiled this hefty work has succeeded in the immensely difficult task of doing justice both to the scholarly influence of Bruijn's work and of compiling an overview which presents the broad range of maritime research that has been undertaken over the last two decades.


Both in theory and practice,the collusion between managers and independent directors couldn't be neglected in Chinese listed companies.Based on the research of collusion-prevention theories in foreign countries and in China,a model of optimal incentive mechanism of preventing ex-ante and ex-post collusions is established.The necessary conditions and some suggestions for its application are presented to promote the normal and efficient exertion of independent director system.


Anastrepha fraterculus is a fruit pest of economic importance in South America and northwestern Argentina. Currently, it is controlled with toxic baits but there is a demand for environmentally acceptable methodologies. The use of inhibitors of the chitin synthesis is proposed as a tool to sterilize adults in the field. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of different doses of lufenuron to generate chemosterilization in A. fraterculus. Three experiments were performed. In the first two, the product was incorporated into the diet of the adults from emergence to sexual maturity. Treated individuals from one sex were crossed with untreated individuals from the other sex. Eggs were collected and allowed embryonic development. In the third trial, untreated males and females were crossed and allowed to copulate. Subsequently, females were exposed to the product and the eggs were collected. Egg hatch was affected in the three experiments in a dose dependent way. In Experiment 3, the effect of the product was evidenced 48 hours after exposure. Fecundity was also affected when the females were the treated sex. The results show that exposure of adults to lufenuron reduces egg hatch in A. fraterculus encouraging further investigations to adapt this methodology for this species.


Goal of the study: to identify the predictors of continuous hospital stay in adult patients with acquired valvular disease, operated with hypothermic and normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass due definitive repair of the disease. Materials and methods: 140 patients who had surgical treatment of acquired valvular disease with the use of cardiopulmonary bypass were randomly divided into two similar groups where hypothermic and normothermic cardiopulmonary bypasses were used. Peri-operative concentration of NT-proBNP, clinical course of the post-operative period, hospital morbidly and mortality were assessed. Results. No confident difference was observed in the changes of NT-proBNP in the groups, what could provide the evidence of the similar effects of both hypothermic and normothermic cardiopulmonary bypasses on integrative functional rates of cardiovascular system. However it was noted that increase of NT-proBNP plasma concentration during first 24 hours after the surgery, as well as age, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), maximum degree of chronic cardiac failure (CCF), duration of artificial pulmonary ventilation (APV), episodes of atrial fibrillation (AF) in the post-operative period were the predictors of continuous hospital stay Conclusion. The degree of the increase in post-operative level of NT-proBNP does not depend on the perfusion temperature. NT-proBNP plasma concentration during first 24 hours after the surgery, age, COPD, maximum degree of CCF, duration of APV, episodes of AF in the post-operative period are independent predictors of continuous hospital stay.


Marx' theory is about the social world.The accounts of the scientific status of Marx' theory utilized different conceptions of science,and everyone is the dominant model of the time.The traditional Marxism's reading was deeply marked as scientific positivism.But Marx' method does conform the critical scientific realism which is founded by Roy Bhaskar.


Increasing the productivity of water used in agriculture is essential to meet the goals of food and environment security. Water productivity is generally defined as crop yield per cubic meter of water consumption (WP). WP depends on several factors, such as crop, climate, irrigation technology, field water management, land and infrastructure, and input (including labor, fertilizer and machinery). Low pressure irrigation system with Hydroflume increases efficiency of surface irrigation by saving water (or energy) and fertilizer consumption. It permits easy movement of machinery and tractors, reduces labor cost and increases production of all crops. Using this system, the water use efficiency increases to 70% or more. Canals are eliminated and as a result, more area can be cultivated. Isfahan province, central Iran, has great potentials in agriculture. About 6% of thr crops in the country are produced in Isfahan. The province is located mostly in semi-arid region and the average annual rainfall is 125 mm, which is less than the average annual rainfall in Iran. So it is essential that farmers preserve water for overcoming the limitation of rainfall. The study indicates that water productivity has been increased by using of Hydroflume pipe in the Isfahan farms. Key word: water productivity, low pressure irrigation system, hydroflume, Isfahan.


This chapter analyzes the editorials (1930–2008) from the National Rifle Association's (NRA) American Rifleman magazine, along with gun-related letters to the editor of four major newspapers covering that same period, to document how the NRA created a distinct social identity built around gun ownership, charting the NRA's assiduous, long-term efforts — through not just its membership communications but also its popular firearms programs — to cultivate such an identity and to connect it to politics. The chapter uses the American Rifleman as a measure of the organization's views and priorities and treat pro-gun letters to newspaper editors as a measure of the attitudes and views of NRA supporters. It also utilizes the letters from gun owners to measure their feelings about guns over time. The chapter demonstrates how the NRA has used this identity to mobilize its supporters into politics by portraying gun owners' ways of life as under threat from gun control proposals and imploring its members to take action in defense of it.


Contemporary life is full of hassles, deadlines, frustrations, and demands. Due to mammoth changes in business world recruits has become the chief factor for success in many companies and equivalently the stress among the employees also steeply increased which resulted in obligatory life. Teaching field is not an exemption from this circumstances hence all the fields irrespective of their work all are experiencing stress in their professional life and stress has become part of employee's life. It is a recognized fact that a lecturer is a nation draughtsman and a genuine creator of the future, thus a fine lecturer must have a neutral mind to concentrate on the work. The study is conducted to explore the occupational stress factors among engineering college faculty members. The primary data is collected from 120 faculty members who were selected by convenience sampling method. To explore occupational stress factors the collected data is analyzed with help of the principal component analysis and further identified the variance and reliability of the factors loaded. The results highlighted that workload, career growth, relationships and role ambiguity are the key factors of occupational stress.


Electronic banking service is growing rapidly in the world, Cooperative bank of Oromia is putting its maximum exertion to travel with technology of E- banking services. E-banking has its own effect on financial performance of the bank. This research mainly investigates the effect of E- banking on the financial performance of the Cooperative Bank of Oromia by focusing on the bank's performance and size. For primary data collection branch staffs and managers will be interviewed while secondary data will be collected from branch documents like report of daily transactions, profit of branch and customer related data will be reviewed.


This study investigated student teachers' teaching self-efficacy level and factors that predict it (using five-factor mentoring model). Two hundred and ten third and fourth-year student teachers (N=100/N=110; 93.8% females) were involved in the study and asked to complete a self-report questionnaire. The "Mentoring for Effective Primary Teaching" instrument and "Teachers' Sense of Efficacy Scale" were used to collect the data. Findings indicated that higher levels of student teachers' self-efficacy are positively associated with the level of mentoring experience during the teaching practicum. The results found that fourth-year students reported significantly higher levels of teaching self-efficacy than third-year students. This study reported that there is a significant mean difference in student teachers' self-efficacy beliefs in terms of having parents in the teaching profession. A multiple regression found that mentor teachers' personal attributes are the best predictor of student teachers' teaching self-efficacy beliefs.


Ability to do problem solving will be greatly influenced by how the flow of thinking in decomposing a problem until it finds the root of the problem so that it can determine the best solution. There is currently a growing recognition around the world that all fields require a prerequisite ability, namely to think logically, in a structured manner, and use computational tools to rapidly model and visualize data. This ability is known as Computational Thinking (CT). In this study, the author applied the computational thinking key concept in a case study to train structured thinking in problem solving. Computational thinking key concept includes Decomposition, Pattern recognition, Abstraction, and lastly use algorithms when they design simple steps to solve problems. Based on our case study that has been model, the result shows us that Computational Thinking can be used to train structured thinking in problem solving in everyday life


Encouraging the process of accelerating national strategic projects, several sections of Trans Sumatra Toll Road project use design and build contract method that combines several stages into a parallel process which is expected to shorten construction time. However, in practice, there is still a phenomenon of project delays which can lead to cost overruns and lost opportunities to work on other projects. Therefore, a good control process is needed as a function of construction management activities to minimize any deviations that can occur during the project. This study uses the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK) 6th Edition approach in determining the variables to find out the control process and also to identify the risks that occur in the controlling process of Trans Sumatra Toll Road project. A literature study was conducted to find control activities and list of risks in similar cases and then validated by experts who were directly involved in the process of controlling the Trans Sumatra Toll Road project. The results obtained are as many as 94 activities in the control process and as many as 81 lists of risk in the control process. The dominant risk factor was obtained using the Relative Important Index (RII) method. The top five risks to the frequency of occurrence are as follows: Land acquisition delays, Weather conditions such as high rainfall or extreme weather, Lack of control over the implementation schedule, Complicated licensing issues, and Inaccurate DED planning data resulting in frequent design reviews


The traditional analysis methods are difficult to elaborate the theory of contouring circuit clearly.However,using Multisim emulation software to analyze contouring circuit through simulate experiment can explain it vividly.Compared with the real verifiable experiment,Multisim emulation software can save time,labor and money,and can achieve maximum results with little effort.


This paper describes our experience over ten years with a Summer Research Program for Undergraduates (SUNFEST-Summer Undergraduate Fellowship in Sensor Technologies). The program provides the students with a comprehensive experience that is centered around-but not limited to-doing research and includes several enhancement programs. This paper describes the overall organization of the program, the nature of the projects, activities and programs, the selection process, outcomes and benefits. So far, 95 students have participated and about 70% of them have gone on to graduate school.


Generally websites contain large volume of data or information. A person visiting the website for the first few times will find it difficult to search for the required information. To reduce the difficulty and time of a person by providing quick access to the needed information, user friendly chatbots were developed. Similarly, in order to make our college website more interactive and to provide ease of access to the information VIBO is developed which is a text-based chatbot.


Background: Mutations in the Ca2+ sensing protein calmodulin (CaM) cause lethal cardiac arrhythmias. Results: CaM mutations impair the activation and termination of store overload-induced Ca2+ release via the cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR2). Conclusion: CaM mutations alter RyR2-CaM interaction, thereby affecting RyR2-mediated Ca2+ release. Significance: Aberrant regulation of RyR2 store Ca2+ sensing is a potential component of calmodulin-mediated cardiac arrhythmias. The intracellular Ca2+ sensor calmodulin (CaM) regulates the cardiac Ca2+ release channel/ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2), and mutations in CaM cause arrhythmias such as catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) and long QT syndrome. Here, we investigated the effect of CaM mutations causing CPVT (N53I), long QT syndrome (D95V and D129G), or both (CaM N97S) on RyR2-mediated Ca2+ release. All mutations increased Ca2+ release and rendered RyR2 more susceptible to store overload-induced Ca2+ release (SOICR) by lowering the threshold of store Ca2+ content at which SOICR occurred and the threshold at which SOICR terminated. To obtain mechanistic insights, we investigated the Ca2+ binding of the N- and C-terminal domains (N- and C-domain) of CaM in the presence of a peptide corresponding to the CaM-binding domain of RyR2. The N53I mutation decreased the affinity of Ca2+ binding to the N-domain of CaM, relative to CaM WT, but did not affect the C-domain. Conversely, mutations N97S, D95V, and D129G had little or no effect on Ca2+ binding to the N-domain but markedly decreased the affinity of the C-domain for Ca2+. These results suggest that mutations D95V, N97S, and D129G alter the interaction between CaM and the CaMBD and thus RyR2 regulation. Because the N53I mutation minimally affected Ca2+ binding to the C-domain, it must cause aberrant regulation via a different mechanism. These results support aberrant RyR2 regulation as the disease mechanism for CPVT associated with CaM mutations and shows that CaM mutations not associated with CPVT can also affect RyR2. A model for the CaM-RyR2 interaction, where the Ca2+-saturated C-domain is constitutively bound to RyR2 and the N-domain senses increases in Ca2+ concentration, is proposed.


We have investigated the effect of the hydrostatic pressure on the electrical properties of the rhombohedral phase change material Sb2Te3 both experimentally and theoretically. The resistance can be reduced by 24.9% when the applied hydrostatic pressure reaches 0.377 GPa in the experiment, which is consistent with the results of the calculations by using the first principles theoretical method. The increase of the conductivity of Sb2Te3 under the hydrostatic pressure can be ascribed to the reduction of the electronic band gap.


The main groups of the drugs used for pharmacotherapy of chronic venous disease are considered. The main therapeutic targets of the drugs including their effect on venous wall tone, permeability and inflammation are described.


The producing reason and calculating method of inductance of alumi num electrolytic capacitors is presented.The effect of inductance on charachtere stics of capacitors were discreibed.The approach to decrease natural inductance from structure design to manufacturing process is mainly discussed.


To the Editor .—

I am surprised at the conclusion provided by James et al in their article "Detection of Acetaminophen Protein Adducts in Children With Acute Liver Failure of Indeterminate Cause."1 The authors showed that results for a test for acetaminophen protein adducts were positive in a small number of patients with liver injury known not to be caused by acetaminophen and in about the same number of patients whose liver failure was causally indeterminate. With regard to seropositivity for the acetaminophen cysteine adduct, the group of …


Abstract : The geographic landscape in the Arctic is rapidly changing, which could allow substantial transportation and resource development in the future. Currently, the international legal framework is not sufficient to handle the sovereignty and resource rights disputes in the region. Increased human activity in the region will exacerbate these disputes, creating significant national security, economic, and environmental implications. Arctic development is at a crossroads in which either competition or cooperation can dictate the region s future. Woefully behind the other Arctic nations in capabilities and regional development, the United States must actively engage Arctic issues. It should lead multilateral efforts to resolve regional disputes, develop enforceable environmental standards and enhance scientific exploration in the region. This leadership role can be accomplished by following a six step process: 1) Ratify the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea; 2) Find ways to empower the Arctic Council, the most successful multilateral organization in the region; 3) Submit unresolved diplomatic disputes to the International Seabed Authority as a neutral third party arbitrator; 4) Mobilize the American public to understand the implications of being an DArctic Nation ; 5) Reorganize the Department of Defense s Unified Command Plan; and 6) Invest in a cohesive and robust Arctic presence to ensure U.S. Arctic sovereignty.


The resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization photelectron spectra, REMPI-PES of H/sub 2/S is presented. The results lead to a reinterpretation of the mass spectral data of Carney and Baer/sup 8/. (AIP)


Monolithic adsorbent is a novel technology for high throughput downstream processing of biomolecules. It offers high yield, cost-effective and unparalleled preparation or regeneration in the long run. The building block of monolithic polymer is polymethacrylate, which is an organic polymer that exhibits tuneable surface and pore characteristics. Currently, we are facing challenges in eradicating the wall channel effect caused by monolith shrinkage to create a functionalised monolith with high binding capacity in large volume. Any efforts we did to eliminate the wall channels in the conical column will be implemented and the result of wall channel elimination will be reflected based on the backpressure and elution time of bovine serum albumin (BSA). Elution time of BSA will also be used as a parameter to determine the binding capacity of the functionalized monolith. For the characterisation of the target bio-molecules, phosphate buffered saline and lithium chloride will be used to detach the s-layer protein followed by zeta-potential analysis to determine its pI value. This review paper is an overview on the features of polymethacrylate monoliths, preliminary studies on the characteristic and application of s-layer protein, wall channel elimination methods and various parameters that serve as reference point for monolithic column optimisation.


The intent of the Special Supplemental Food and Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) program is found in its name—to increase the health status of a targeted group through supplemental food. Households often contain multiple members who are categorically ineligible, including older ineligible children and adult males. This paper focuses on potential spillover of benefits to adult males. Comparing multiple outcomes across treated and untreated households, the author finds evidence that consumption of certain WIC foods is higher among men in WIC households compared to the most appropriate comparison group: income eligible non-WIC participants. The author also finds evidence that this difference is attributable to food-sharing and not an income effect as there is no increase in the consumption of other, non-WIC foods. The increased consumption of cereal, milk and juice is only remarkable among married men in WIC households and not among single fathers. Additional evidence looking at the differences between married and single women's food consumption suggests that food is siphoned from the mother and not from the children; this finding supports the altruistic parent food allocation hypothesis. Most of the results are not robust to full controls, indicating that unobservable propensity to consume WIC foods may be driving entry into the program. If the findings of this study are a true representation of WIC implementation, policy makers should weigh whether this outcome is desirable in terms of the program mission. Citation: Martin-Anderson S (2014) Intent vs. Implementation—Food Allocation to Adult Males in WIC Households. J Nutr Health Sci 1(3): 307. doi: 10.15744/2393-9060.1.307 The Special Supplemental Food and Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) is a federal transfer program that provides vouchers for the purchase of approved foods. The program is funded and administered by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and run at the local level by various agents, both public and private not-for-profit. In 2006, the year before this study period, federal expenditures for the WIC program totaled 6.2 billion dollars accounting for 11% of the USDA's 53 billion dollar food assistance budget. The 2006 program enrollment was approximately 8 million women, infants and children. The ultimate objective of the WIC program is to improve the health status of the country's nutritionally at-risk by increasing the consumption of healthy foods. Pregnant and nursing women, as well as their children age zero to five, are eligible pending income qualification and designation of nutritional "at-risk" status. Eligible women who enroll in the WIC program take paper or electronic vouchers to participating stores and purchase approved foods; unlike food stamps (SNAP), there is little or no flexibility in food purchases. By restricting purchases to WIC-approved foods, this policy avoids the potential for the negative behaviors associated with SNAP; SNAP participants consume more added sugars than income-eligible non-SNAP participants [1]. WICapproved foods during the study period included infant formula, infant cereal, milk, cheese, eggs, dried beans and juice [1]. Since the study period, bread, fresh fruit and vegetables have been added to the food basket [2]. The market value of the WIC food package is roughly 35 dollars per person for this paper's study period and averaged 90 dollars per WIC household [3].


Removal of noise is an essential and challengeable operation in image processing. Before performing any process, images must be first restored. Images may be corrupted by noise during image transmission through electronic media. Noise effect always corrupts any recorded image which is much more harmful for future process. To overcome the problem of noise level in digital images present a review of different image denoising method. In this paper studied various filter is used for image denoising. After studying various literatures come to the problem for fixed as well as non fixed impulse noises. In our proposed method adopt first and second order mean filter (FSOMF) in which for first phase we detect the impulse noise. And the second phase which is also called as filtering phase replaces the detected noise pixel with its mean of neighboring pixels under various circumstances. Finally able to show experimental result of proposed method FSOMF, is capable of filtering of impulse noise.


Titanium enolates derived from methyl phenylselenoacetate and other acetates bearing a selenium containing chiral auxiliary have been employed to bring about 1,4-addition reactions to enones. These reactions generate δ-oxo-α-seleno esters in good yields and with excellent regio- and diastereoselectivities. The results obtained clearly indicate that the Lewis acids, employed to activate the starting enones towards addition, greatly influence reactivity as well as the stereochemical outcomes of these reactions. TiCl4 complexation resulted in particularly efficient promotion of the 1,4-addition. Simple manipulations of the organoselenium moiety allowed some enantiomerically pure δ-oxo-α-camphorseleno esters to be transformed into the corresponding δ-oxo-α-hydroxy or δ-oxo-α-allyl esters or into trisubstituted tetrahydrofurans. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)


N-Acetylglycine oligomer ethyl esters (residue number,
n=3–9) and selectively C-deuteriated oligomer acid
types (n=3, 4) have been synthesized. Two crystalline
modifications, the A- and B-series [which correspond to polyglycine
(PG) II and I in structure, respectively] have been prepared. For the
two series of oligomers, the intermolecular hydrogen-bond distance
(R
 N···O
) and segmental
mobility were evaluated using 13
C CP MAS and 2
H
NMR spectra. The results showed that the
R
 N···O
 values for the A- and
B-series of oligomer ethyl esters closely correspond to those of PGII
and PGI, respectively, and that for the two series of C-deuteriated
oligomers segmental mobilities of the CH
 2
 groups of both
the N- and C-terminal residues are more restricted than those of the
methylenes sandwiched between the terminal residues.


The application of lithium coatings to the plasma-facing components (PFCs) of the National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX) has been shown to strongly impact plasma performance, improving energy confinement and eliminating ELMs. The pedestal structure is strongly affected by lithium: in discharges with lithium coatings, the density pedestal widens, and the electron temperature (Te) gradient increases inside a radius of N~0.95, but is unchanged for N >0.95. Interpretive 2-D plasma/neutrals modeling has been performed for pre-lithium and with-lithium discharges. The modeling indicates that the application of lithium to the PFC surfaces reduces R from ~0.98 to 0.9. The inferred effective electron thermal ( eeff) and particle (Deeff) profiles reflect the profile changes: eeff is similar in the near-separatrix region, and is reduced in the region N < 0.95 in the with-lithium case. The Deeff profile shows a broadening of the region with low diffusivity with lithium, while the minimum value within the steep gradient region is comparable in the two cases. The linear microstability properties in the near-separatrix and pedestal-top regions have been analyzed. At N=0.88, low-k (k s < 1) microinstabilities are unstable, with the dominant modes being ITG-like in the pre-lithium case and TEM-like with lithium. The radial electric field shearing rate at this location increases with lithium, becoming significant compared to the maximum linear growth rate. In the region N>0.95, both the preand with-lithium cases are calculated to be strongly unstable to ETG modes, and are also both found to lie near the onset for kinetic ballooning modes.


Reinforcing or repairing concrete structures with continuous fiber is an advanced new way to raise load_bearing capacity and extend life. In this paper, a FEM of the stress field on the V_notch tip of fiber_sheet_reinforced concrete and concrete 3_P bending specimen is discussed, and the cracking loads of two kinds of specimen are also calculated and/or argued. The analysis results show that the change of the stress distribution curve on the V_notch tip of the fiber_sheet_reinforced concrete specimen is slower, the stress level is lower, and the cracking load is increased by 71.7%, than the concrete specimen.


Likelihood ratio tests for restrictions on cointegrating vectors are asymptotically χ2 distributed. For some values of the parameters this asymptotic distribution does not give a good approximation to the finite sample distribution. In this paper we derive the Bartlett correction factor for the likelihood ratio test and show by some simulation experiments that it can be a useful tool for making inference.


The recent success of the British Harriers in the Falkland Islands conflict vividly underscored the potential of V/STOL aircraft in military operations in a difficult environment. Despite this apparent success of the Harrier, there has been a major decline of V/STOL funding in the research and development budgets of the U.S. government and industry. The recent funding history of V/STOL systems is examined. Responses to a questionnaire which asked the question, Should there be an operational V/STOL aircraft other than the AV-8A and AV-8B in the military aircraft fleet of the U.S.A.? are presented and discussed.


Indeed, the two studies (1,2) asked different questions. Inomata et al. (1) studied the correlation between changes in mixed venous oxygen saturation (SVO,), monitored continuously, and changes in cardiac output within the first hour after cardiopulmonary bypass. They observed a good correlation between the two variables. We (2) evaluated the relative contributions of the cardiac index and oxygen extraction ratio (0,ER) to the progressive increase in oxygen uptake (Vo,) occurring during the first 24 h after cardiac surgery. We observed that, in uncomplicated cases, the increase in oxygen demand was met more by an increase in oxygen delivery (Do,) than by an increase in 0,ER. A significant contribution of 02ER was observed only when the cardiac function was compromised. We do not think that the results of the two studies are inconsistent. The study by Inomata et al. (2) showed no significant relation between changes in VO, and changes in Svo, (Figure 4 in the article), and Figures 1 and 2 presented here show that Vo, correlated neither with 0,ER (excluding the isolated 0,ER value of close to 90%, which is obviously erroneous) nor with oxygen delivery. Furthermore, Inomata et al. (1) reported that, when Vo, increased significantly, Svo, did not correlate well with the changes in cardiac output in 4 of their 15 patients. They admitted at the end of their discussion that the reliability of Svo, as an indicator of cardiac output changes should be confirmed in patients with an unstable


In our previous work, we reported a surface electromyographic (EMG) continuous speech recognition system with a novel EMG feature extraction method, E4, which is more robust to EMG noise than traditional spectral features. In this paper, we show that articulatory feature (AF) classifiers can also benefit from the E4 feature, which improve the F-score of the AF classifiers from 0.492 to 0.686. We also show that the E4 feature is less correlated across EMG channels and thus channel combination gains larger improvement in F-score. With a stream architecture, the AF classifiers are then integrated into the decoding framework and improve the word error rate by 11.8% relative from 33.9% to 29.9%.


Voice over WLAN(Wireless Local area Network) is a technique of voice that is based on Wireless Local area Network, it is a combination of WLAN and VoIP(Voice over Internet Protocol) and is called wireless VoIP. The technique can make people phoning on WLAN at any moment and place. The IP 2022 network processor chip of UBICOM company is as this product' MCU and TI' TLV320AIC10 chip is as voice DSP. IP2022 is a RISC processor, its run speed can reach 120 MIPS.TI'DSP chips are widely used in audio treatment, it can reach present audio needed with low price, furthermore, these chips have high run speed to deal with data, will be easy adapt to multimedia communication through some simple expansion. SIP protocol, the main VoIP protocol that hold the advantage of openness in Next-Generation Network, can speed up product design and satisfy social demand.


Glutamine aniido transferase activity is of considerable interest i n that it represents the simplest method of assaying glutamine synthetase (Shapiro & Stadtman, 1970). This is a key enzyme in the metabolic processes leading to the incorporation of nitrogen into amino acids and nucleotides in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells (Prusiner & Stadtman, 1973; Ferguson & Sims, I 97 I , I 9744 b; Siins & Ferguson, I 974). The present paper reports a study of changes i n glutamine amido transferase activity during the cell cycle in the budding yeast


This study compared three captive orangutans and a group of 5-10 year-old children in their ability to use stick tools to solve a series of mazes in a puzzle box, including three puzzles that required semantic prospection. The puzzle box had seven levels and moveable plastic inserts that created three easy, three intermediate, and three difficult maze configurations. Three wood and three plastic stick tools were presented with each maze. All 26 children immediately solved the easy and intermediate mazes. Seventy-nine percent of the children solved the difficult mazes on their first attempt, and nearly all the children solved the difficult mazes on the second attempt, which suggested a majority of children engaged in effective planning. Girls took significantly longer to solve the intermediate mazes while boys took significantly longer to solve the difficult mazes. Two of three orangutans also successfully avoided the dead ends in the difficult mazes and consistently used stick tools to move peanuts to the goal slots, and took longer to solve the intermediate or difficult mazes. Both the children and orangutans preferred to use plastic tools, although both tool types were functional. These results suggest many similarities between orangutans and children's abilities to use tools in a puzzle box task that requires planning to avoid dead ends.


Certificateless public key cryptography (CLPKC) eliminates certificate management in traditional public key infrastructure and solves the problem of the key escrow in identity-based cryptography. Certificateless signature is one of the most important primitives in CLPKC. Many certificateless signature (CLS) schemes have been proposed these years. For a CLS scheme to be secure, it should be resistant to the attacks of both Type I Adversary and Type II Adversary. In this paper, we give cryptanalysis to a recently proposed certificateless signature scheme. We show it is insecure against a Type II adversary who models a malicious-but-passive key generation center (KGC). An attack is described which reveals that a Type II adversary can successfully forge a certificateless signature of any signer upon obtaining two valid signatures of that signer.


In a four-month feeding experiment, 32 growing female rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) of an average weight of 1366.56±37.54 g were used to evaluate the inclusion of different dietary concentrations of cerium oxide (CeO) on fertility and post-partum performance of animals. The animals were randomly allotted to four dietary groupssupplemented with 0, 100, 200 and 300 ppm CeO, each consisting of eight animals and were fed for eight weeks before mating.At the end of the 1 trimester, 16 out of the 32 mated does were sacrificed and their uteri cut open and the remaining 16 pregnant does were raised to full gestation to evaluate the fertility and post-partum parameters, respectively. The results revealed that the dietary REE, especially at 200 ppm/kg feed significantly (P<0.05) increased the litter size, litter weight, total litter weight, embryo survival rate, average litter size and weight post−partum except for the conception rate, gestation length, foetal crown-rump length and embryo weight that were not significantly (P>0.05) influenced. Dietary REE is therefore capable of enhancing fertility in rabbits particularly at 200 ppm/kg feed and at the same time reduce mortality in kittens by 20.88 68.01 % and 34.14 45.10 % at 100-200 ppm/kg feed.


The innovation policy has direct affection on the function of national innovation system and has great impact on its performance.There is close relationship between innovation policy and national innovation system.Little literatures focus on the dynamic mechanism systematically.This article proposes a dynamic model to explain the relationship between national innovation system and innovation policy system.The basic conclusion is that national innovation system plays a fundamental role when constructing innovation policy system;innovation policy system is pulling force which promotes knowledge flow in national innovation system,as to enhance the national innovation system performance.


Technology information sharing service platform is one of the science and technology infrastructure platforms in Hubei Province.Based on the economic and social development requirements of Hubei Province,the platform continuously improves and enhances science and technology resources in support capabilities.The secondary extension services platform is an important task in platform service,a main way to enhance the service capabilities and extend the necessary scope of services initiative,and an important mode for improving service effectiveness.This paper analyzes the construction of secondary service stations of science and technology information sharing service platform in Hubei Province,and proposes measures to carry out further construction.


This article outlines a method to produce temperature-corrected solvent reduction charts to enable high-solids coating manufacturers and users to simply, quickly, and accurately adjust the viscosity of a coating before application. The method allows accurate control of viscosity without requiring the operator to bring a sample to a standard temperature. Generation of the charts requires minimal and easily obtained data. A bivariate strategy is the key to this method. Modeling the kinematic viscosity of the coating, V 2 , using an empirical equation (8) enables simultaneous prediction of the effects of temperature, T, and weight fraction solvent reduction, r. Since equation (8) is linear with respect to the fitting parameters, simple multiple linear regression yields parameters, simple multiple linear regression yields parameter estimates. One typically achieves correlations with R 2 values of 0.99


In commercial bananas there is an increasing increase for seedlings of high genetic quality and free of pathogens; thus, the use of micropropagation has been increasingly encouraged for the production of seedlings. However, the success of establishing these seedlings in the environment depends on several factors, in which, the substrate has a relevant role. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth of micropropagated banana seedlings under the influence of different formulations of substrates based on soil, bovine manure and vegetable ash for organic production system. The experiment was carried out on a certified rural property under an organic production system in the municipality of Palmácia (CE). The experimental design used was completely randomized, with four replications. The substrates were used in a ratio of 2:1, always two parts of soil for one of substrate, which was used: soil (ravine soil), organic compost (bovine manure + vegetal remains), bovine manure and vegetable ash (from sugar cane mill). The test was conducted in full sun and without the aid of irrigation, as the experiment coincided with the rainy season in the region. At 68 days after planting (DAP), growth analyzes were carried out: plant height, diameter of the pseudostem, number of leaves, length of roots, fresh and dry mass of aerial part and roots. The best substrates for the growth of micropropagated banana seedlings cv. Prata Catarina were mixtures of soil + organic compost and soil + manure.


As the patterns of occupational asthma change in parallel with the changing nature of industrialization, exotic wood dusts are being incriminated in the causation of this disease. 1 We describe another wood species, namely imbuia (Brazilian walnut), or Phoebeporosa (family: Lauraceae), as a cause of asthma in a joinery worker. Imbuia wood is imported by the local woodworking industry from South America for the production of furniture. To our knowledge, this is the first case published.


Excerpt To the editor: Familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia is a recently recognized autosomal dominant syndrome often confused with thyrotoxicosis in laboratory tests (1-3). This syndrome is ...


Noted economist, Harry Markowitz (Markowitz) received a Nobel Prize for his pioneering theoretical contributions to financial economics and corporate finance. His innovative work established the underpinnings for Modern Portfolio Theory—an investment framework for the selection and construction of investment portfolios based on the maximization of expected portfolio returns and simultaneous minimization of investment risk. This paper presents a simplified perspective of Markowitz' contributions to Modern Portfolio Theory, foregoing in-depth presentation of the complex mathematical/statistical models typically associated with discussions of this theory, and suggesting efficient computer-based 'short-cuts' to these performing these intricate calculations.


PCT No. PCT/EP96/01292 Sec. 371 Date Dec. 8, 1997 Sec. 102(e) Date Dec. 8, 1997 PCT Filed Feb. 23, 1996 PCT Pub. No. WO96/30239 PCT Pub. Date Oct. 3, 1996A brake system for motor vehicles has a controllable pneumatic brake booster, the control valve of which can be activated independently of the volition of the driver by an electromagnet. A control unit structure consisting of a braking pressure control unit as well as a control valve position control unit produces signals which represent the voltage which is to be supplied to the electromagnet. In order to increase the quality of the delete control it is provided, in accordance with the invention, that the braking pressure control unit is formed by a parallel circuit of a first control unit (sequence control unit), which follows rapid temporal changes of the signal corresponding to nominal braking pressure, and of a second control unit (final value control unit), which follows slow changes or static values of the signal which correspond to the nominal braking pressure, whereby the output quantities of both of the control units are conveyed to a situational switching logic unit which, in accordance with a selection criterion, connects the output quantity of the first control unit or of the second control unit through to the position control unit.


Thank you to the following people and organizations that helped to assist me in my research: ABSTRACT Introduction: In 2014,Lamar and Mary Fowler Holcomb donated a collection of artifacts from the Native American site of Long Swamp to the Cherokee County Historical Society. Holcomb property is on land associated with the Long Swamp site (9CK1), which has allowed the two to gather artifacts from the site throughout the years. The rest of 9CK1 is on the opposite side of SR372. Edwards Pitman Environmental Inc. (EPEI), a local archaeological firm, was contacted in 2007 to investigate 9CK1 on public land, due to damage resulting from an extension of SR372. The archaeologists recovered artifacts in association with Long Swamp. In contrast to the excavation conducted by EPEI, the Holcomb maintained a minimal record of the artifacts they collected, voiding most of context associated with each artifact. Without contextual information, I rely on stylistic variables and to type the pipes. To do this, I compare the pipes from the donated collection to the other materials from Long Swamp and other archaeological sites in Georgia to ascertain the typology and chronology of the artifacts from the Holcomb Collection.


Usability practitioners have always shared at least one common goal---create the best possible product or tool with the time and resources provided. How to most effectively achieve that goal has been and will continue to be an essential question for us. Today there are a number of promising frameworks and effective heuristics. There is also a body of experience that we can draw on. This was less true 30 years ago when some of us started. In those days, many of us came from a background in academic research. While that background provided the foundation for much of the work that followed, it was critical to adapt that foundation to the context of hardware and software development and interface design. In adapting that foundation some assumptions and practices could be built upon and others needed to be abandoned. In this essay, I examine the history of a framework that drew from our background in research, but that we adapted in crucial ways. I'll argue that some of the promise of that framework was "lost in translation" as the field matured. Finally, I contend that some of those lost elements of that framework could serve us well in our work today. That framework is usability engineering.


There are many probing solutions in the literature. Optimization methods performances are compared and the best one is chosen and the problem is executed on it. In this study, Benchmark functions consisting of simple mathematical functions are used and it is aimed to use same media, same method, same starting population and same problem to get the most accurate result. Optimization algorithms Genetic Algorithm (GA), Differential Evolution Algorithm (DGA), Ant Colony (ACR), Artificial Atom Algorithm (A3) and Clonal Selection Algorithm (CLONALG) was used. Performance measures of these optimization algorithms are calculated on three different benchmarking algorithms.


This article expounds ways of recognizing movements according to viewpoints of modern constructivism and analyzes the influences of movement discernment on gymnastic teaching result. It is held that movement discernment is closely related to the past sports knowledge and experience.


The increase in network traffic volumes challenges the scalability of security analysis tools. In this paper, we present NetLearn, a solution to identify potentially malicious network entities from large amounts of network traffic data. NetLearn applies recently developed natural language processing algorithms to discover security-relevant relationships between the observed network entities, e.g., domain names and IP addresses, without requiring external sources of information for its analysis.


Research on health misinformation has grown rapidly as concerns about the potential harmful effects of health misinformation on individuals and society intensify amid a "post-truth" era. In this chapter, we provide a broad overview of current research and evidence concerning the many facets of health misinformation, including its sources, prevalence, characteristics (both content and diffusion features), impact, and mitigation. We conclude that health misinformation originates from many sources, most notably mass and social media, is fairly prevalent, both in interpersonal and mediated settings, and tends to feature negative sentiments, anecdotal evidence, and anti-science narratives. While there is no conclusive evidence that health misinformation spreads more broadly than scientific information, health misinformation reliably leads to misperceptions on health issues. Efforts to mitigate the impact of health misinformation show early promise in correcting misperceptions. We offer several directions for future research, including a call for more investigations on the impact of health misinformation and correcting messages on actual behaviors.


The two important constitutive relations needed for the study of flow and heat transfer in granular materials, where the effects of radiation are ignored, are the stress tensor and the heat flux vector. Massoudi [1, 2] derived a constitutive model that reflects the dependence of the heat flux vector on the temperature gradient, the density gradient and the velocity gradient, in an appropriate frame-invariant formulation. In this paper we use a simplified version of this model and consider the one dimensional fully developed flow of granular materials down a heated inclined plane, subject to a constant temperature boundary condition. The equations are made dimensionless and a parametric study is performed in order to examine the effects of the additional parameters on the heat flux vector. The derived governing equations are coupled non-linear second order ordinary differential equations which are solved numerically and the results are shown for the temperature, volume fraction and velocity profiles.Copyright © 2012 by ASME


Informal employees are gradually becoming the normality of Chinese marketing employment.This paper puts forward some suggestions for the construction of Chinese social security system of informal employment,in terms of employ idea,legislation security,management approach and supporting measures.


The surface free energy of small particles in an aqueous solution consists of the electrostatic energy of charged surfaces and the interfacial energy. For nanoparticles in an aqueous solution, the two terms can be modified by solution chemistry and be manipulated to control phase stability and transformation kinetics. Here we show that the phase stability of titania (TiO2) nanoparticles strongly depends on the solution pH. At small sizes, rutile is stabilized relative to anatase in very acidic solutions, whereas in very basic solutions anatase is stabilized relative to rutile and brookite. Rutile is the stable phase at large particle sizes regardless of pH. These results indicate that the activity of potential determining ions (protons or hydroxyl groups) is a factor that can determine the phase stability of nanoparticulate titania in aqueous solutions at pH values far from the point of zero charge of titania. The phase transformation proceeds via a dissolution−precipitation mechanism under hydrothermal c...


Objective To explore the optimal dose of the progestogen, nomegestrol acetate (NOMAC), required in a monophasic oral contraceptive, in combination with 1.5 mg 17β-oestradiol (E2), to inhibit ovulation. Methods A double-blind, randomised study assessing 41 normally cycling women (aged 18–35 years) over two screening cycles, one control cycle and one consecutive treatment cycle; 38 women completed the treatment period. Subjects received 0.625 mg NOMAC/1.5 mg E2 (n = 9), 1.25 mg NOMAC/1.5 mg E2 (n = 10), 2.5 mg NOMAC/1.5 mg E2 (n = 10) or 2.5 mg NOMAC alone (n = 9) for 21 days. Results During the treatment cycle, ovulation was suppressed in all treatment groups. The lowest plasma E2 levels were observed with 2.5 mg NOMAC given alone. Addition of 1.5 mg E2 to 2.5 mg NOMAC resulted in statistically significant increases in E2 levels and decreases in mean follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinising hormone levels. In the three NOMAC/E2 combination groups, a statistically significant inverse correlation was found between E2 plasma levels and NOMAC dose. Conclusion The dose of 2.5 mg NOMAC was confirmed to be optimal to inhibit both ovulation and follicular maturation. The antigonadotropic effect of 2.5 mg NOMAC was reinforced when combined with 1.5 mg E2.


The greatest risk factor for lung cancer is smoking, the second largest factor being raised radon levels at home. Initiatives to stop smoking and reduce domestic radon levels have met with some success, but in both cases a significant proportion of those affected have not


In response to the global financial crisis, the European System of Financial Supervision (ESFS) was created in 2010. Supranational bodies were established for different financial sectors to act as supervisors of sorts for national-level supervisors in EU Member States. This article focuses on how the system was adapted to three EFTA States that are not part of the EU but form the internal market along with EU Member States through the EEA Agreement – Iceland, Norway and Lichtenstein (EEA EFTA States). The aim is to clarify how ESFS has been incorporated into the EEA agreement and to discuss whether this a workable solution for the EEA EFTA States that have not transferred their sovereignty by name in the same manner as the EU Member States. One issue is whether the adaptation has gone beyond the limits of the two-pillar structure, as all initiative and work stem from the EU supranational bodies and not the EFTA pillar.


A study is reported on the role of neighborhoods in searching for information on the WWW. Users were asked to search collections of web pages in which the conceptual content of groups of pages was used to assign a specific background color to each group. The results indicate that for collections of web pages with moderately complex topologies, the structured backgrounds were significantly easier to search. The results suggest that neighborhoods can be induced by visual characteristics of the page and that the identification of neighborhoods can improve the overall navigability of the space.


For a dynamical system, safety is typically guaranteed by constraining the system states within a set defined a priori. A popular approach is to use control barrier functions (CBFs) that encode safety using a smooth function. However, typical constructions of the smooth function do not account for any notion of safety uncertainty for the system inside the safe set. Although, one can formulate uncertainty in the dynamics of the model in a CBF framework, observability of unmodeled dynamics is difficult, particularly in an online setting. Addressing these drawbacks, we present a novel formulation for synthesizing the CBF smooth function by taking into account safety uncertainty using online measurements of the system states. This uncertainty is encoded by computing the posterior variance using Gaussian processes conditioned on past measurement states. Our approach only requires observability of system states rather than the system dynamics. By incorporating safety uncertainty, the safe set can be dynamically expanded or compressed. This is achieved by computing a local safety map online at the present location and identifying samples with minimal safety exceeding the current safety limit. As more data is collected, the safety margin increases. Hence, these minimally safe exploratory samples can be used to expand the current safe set incrementally. We validate our approach experimentally by expanding an initial safe set, along x and y positions independently, for a quadrotor with safety. The experiment video can be seen at: https://youtu.be/9qvOf1UpRPw.


Communist states. As King shows, whole institutions and parts of legal systems are devoted to these goals in all newborn states. Manipulation of ethnic and national identities of diaspora groups and of radical forms of migratory movements, such as human trafficking, fit pretty well within the theoretical concept of extreme politics. In that situation the question of citizenship becomes complicated. King's book is worthy. Rather than bringing revolutionary upheavals to theoretical discussions about the post-communist transition, it provides an almost encyclopedic in-depth analysis of relevant research literature. His efforts to link different theoretical approaches to the nation, nationalism, ethnic groups and violence in general to the epochal changes brought by the collapse of the communist world, has resulted in a study of interest not only to the academic debate about the reality and the future of post-Communist countries, but also to the general public, though some may be disturbed by his sharp criticism of the relationship between different disciplines involved in the phenomena in question. But he is seeking only the possibility for "history and political professions to speak to each other in meaningful ways".


Of 280 hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers in Kure, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan, 14 (5.0%) were seropositive for antibody to delta antigen (anti‐HD by radioimmunoassay. HBV carriers with chronic liver disease had a greater frequency of seropositivity of anti‐HD than asymptomatic HBV carriers (7% vs. 0%, P < 0.05). Among the various geographic regions of Kure, the east suburban area had a significantly higher prevalance of anti‐HD when compared with all other regions combined (9.8% vs. 2.7%. P < 0.025). It is suggested that hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infection exists in Japan and HDV may be an etiologic agent of chronic liver disease.


ABSTRACT Connected vehicle (CV) technology has the potential to improve safety and mobility in local and wide-area traffic management. It is necessary to measure the effects of CV applications on large and realistic networks because most of the published research in this area focus on simple hypothetical networks. In contrast, this article measures the performance of vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) applications and determines the required minimum level of deployment for V2V applications in a large urban network. The information propagation distance and the speed estimation error are used as bases for measuring the performance of an event-driven and periodic application of equipped vehicles with different market penetration rates and different wireless communication coverage. As the wireless communication coverage and market penetration rates of the equipped vehicles increase, the information propagation distance increases whereas the speed estimation error decreases in our study area. For event-driven applications, the major factor is wireless communication coverage because it has a greater impact on the distance of information propagation than market penetration of the equipped vehicles does. However, the market penetration rate has a greater impact on the performance of periodic applications than wireless communication coverage does. The performance of event-driven applications improves in peak traffic times, which have high traffic-density conditions; whereas the performance of periodic applications improves in non-peak times, which have low traffic-density conditions. The minimum level of deployment needed for each application to obtain reliable traffic management solutions is determined. These study findings will be useful in the deployment of CV applications.