Main components and contribution to atmospheric extinction coefficient were studied using particulate sample data in spring at Tianjin.The pollution of aerosol was heavy,the water-soluble inorganic ion and carbonaceous were main components,accounted for about 24.8% and 10.0% of the total PM10,26.6% and 13.9% of the total PM2.5,respectively.SO42-,NO3-and Ca2+ were main inorganic ions.The meteorological conditions were good for the transformation of sulfate and nitrate during haze days.The SOC mass concentration were estimated with the Minimum ratio method of OC/EC,the ratio of SOC and OC in PM10 and PM2.5 was 38% and 24%.The second icons(SO42-,NO3-and NH4+),coarse mass,OC and EC were main factors influencing the atmospheric extinction coefficient.The average contributions were 33.1%,22.6%,22.0% and 15.6%.The atmospheric extinction and visibility could be fitted well with components and relative humidity.


This evapaper is toluate the forecasting performance of three neural network(NN) approaches against ARIMA model using the famous time series analysis competition data. The first NN approach is to analyze the second Makridakis (M2) Competition Data using Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) that has been the most popular NN model in time series analysis. Since it is recently known that MLP suffers from bias/variance dilemma, two approaches are suggested in this study. The second approach adopts Cascade Correlation Network (CCN) that was suggested by Fahlman & Lebiere as an alternative to MLP. In the third approach, a time series is separated into two series using Noise Filtering Network (NFN) that utilizes autoassociative memory function of neural network. The forecasts in the decomposition analysis are the sum of two prediction values obtained from modeling each decomposed series, respectively. Among the three NN approaches, Decomposition Analysis shows the best forecasting performance on the M2 Competition Data, and is expected to be a promising tool in analyzing socio-economic time series data because it reduces the effect of noise or outliers that is an impediment to modeling the time series generating process.


This work examines the fundamental vibrational characteristics of a spinning CNT-based nano-rotor assuming a nonlocal elasticity Euler-Bernoulli beam theory. The rotary inertia, gyroscopic, and rotor mass unbalance effects are all taken into consideration in the beam model. Assuming a nonlocal theory, two coupled 6th-order partial differential equations governing the vibration of the rotating SWCNT are first derived. In order to acquire the natural frequencies and dynamic response of the nanorotor system, the nonlinear equations of motion are numerically solved. The nano-rotor system frequency spectrum is shown to exhibit two distinct frequencies: one positive and one negative. The positive frequency is known as to represent the forward whirling mode, whereas the negative characterizes the backward mode. First, the results obtained within the framework of this numerical study are compared with few existing data (i.e., molecular dynamics) and showed an overall acceptable agreement. Then, a thorough and detailed parametric study is carried out to study the effect of several parameters on the nano-rotor frequencies such as: the nanotube radius, the input angular velocity and the small scale parameters. It is shown that the vibration characteristics of a spinning SWCNT are significantly influenced when these parameters are changed.


LAY SUMMARY Clothes that remotely monitor the wearer's heart rate, breathing rate, and other vital signs are becoming more available and reliable. The information obtained from these clothes could help military forces create more realistic and stressful training scenarios to better prepare soldiers for combat. It could also provide valuable information to medical personnel about wounded soldiers to help save lives. This study confirmed this type of garment was reliable and functional, and obtained accurate data when used in a military field training exercise by a reserve medical unit of the Canadian Armed Forces.


This editorial refers to 'Proton pump inhibitor use by aspirin-treated coronary artery disease patients is not associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events', by L.A. Fortuna et al . doi:10.1093/ehjcvp/pvv036

Aspirin has a well-established role in secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease, but increases gastrointestinal bleeding, especially when used in high-risk patients. Unfortunately, gastrointestinal bleeding in patients after acute coronary syndrome portends poor prognosis and is independently associated with increased risk for adverse cardiovascular events and mortality.1 Proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) have been shown to effectively reduce the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding in patients requiring dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT)2 and may improve aspirin adherence due to reduction in dyspepsia.3,4 Multidisciplinary consensus guidelines thus recommend the prophylactic use of PPIs in high-risk patients requiring antiplatelet therapy.5 However, there has been growing interest in possible adverse drug interactions between aspirin and PPIs compromising the antiplatelet efficacy of aspirin. Early preclinical data have supported a potential pharmacologic interaction between these widely-prescribed agents, but limited clinical data have substantiated this theoretical posit.

Prior work had suggested that PPIs may attenuate gastric absorption of aspirin based on preclinical data. Co-administration of PPIs with aspirin in rat models increased gastric pH, reduced the lipophilicity and oral bioavailability of aspirin, and enhanced inactivation of aspirin to salicylate metabolites.6 Two subsequent ex vivo platelet function studies provided …


Since inbred C57BL/6 mice are known to show inter-individual phenotypic variability for some traits, we tested the hypothesis that inbred C57BL/6 mice display a different tendency to consume a high fat (HF) diet. For this purpose, we used a compilation of HF intake data from an experimental protocol in which satiated mice were exposed to a HF pellet every morning for 2-h over 4 consecutive days. We found that mice displayed a large degree of variability in HF intake. Since day 1 HF intake significantly correlated with HF intake in successive days, we applied a hierarchical clustering algorithm on HF intake measurements in days 2, 3, and 4 in order to classify mice into "low" or "high" HF intake groups. "Low" HF intake group showed a day 1 HF intake similar to that seen in mice exposed to regular chow, while "high" HF intake group showed a higher day 1 HF intake as compared to "low" HF intake group. Both groups of mice increased HF consumption over the successive days, but "high" HF intake group always displayed a higher HF consumption than the "low" HF intake group. As compared to "low" HF intake group, "high" HF intake group showed a higher number of dopamine neurons positive for c-Fos in the VTA after the last event of HF intake. Thus, inbred C57BL/6 mice show inter-individual variability for HF intake and such feature may be linked to a different response to the rewarding properties of the HF diet.


A vascular bioreactor was designed and constructed by Beihang University and Sichuan University for Southwest Jiaotong University for simulating in vivo environments.The performance indicators of the bioreactor including shearing stress,the state of laminar flow,and pulse pressure were analyzed quantitatively through theoretical derivation of hydromechanics and orthogonal experiment range analysis.The results show that for blood vessels of different diameters,the bioreactor could provide shearing stress ranging from 0.08 to 70.51 Pa.In order to maintain a laminar flow condition of the perfusate,the maximum flow rate in the tubes of five kinds of diameters should not exceed 4.36 cm3/s when the inlet tube length of the culture chamber was 18 cm,and the viscosity coefficient and fluid density of the perfusate were fixed.The operating distance of the pulsation generator had a bigger effect on the difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressures than the flow and frequency,while the effect of pressure was the smallest.


Vivado HLS is a high-level comprehensive tool, which can be well applied to FPGA boards. It can help engineers overcome the difficulties when they are developing in Register Transfer Level (RTL). This paper will use Matlab language and C++ language to design an adaptive notch filter, and verify results of the output by Vivado HLS through the waveform output in Matlab, The "Test bench" and "Co-simulation" in the software are used for collaborative verification to test its real efficiency and functionality. Practice has proved that the best scheme obtained by Vivado HLS can well meet the application requirements after multiple optimizations and iterations. Using its own capabilities, the time of development, debugging and verification is greatly reduced.


Farm fragmentation and the need for consolidation and investment remains a major problem for Romanian agriculture, as documented in this article. One of the key structural problems is over employment in agriculture, which puts a strong pressure on the land and constrains the supply of land for farm consolidation. Another important constraint is that the rural infrastructure is weak, as well as the educational level (both general and professional) of the vast majority of the rural population. Equal access to subsidies is important in preventing further growth in inequality between small and big farms. Despite the magnitude of the problems, there are encouraging signs: significant investment and consolidation is taking place in about half of the farm sector, economic growth is robust in other sectors, the inflow of foreign investment in the food industry and the agribusiness sector has induced important changes in the food chain, the land market, in particular the land rental market, is growing and this could contribute importantly to farm consolidation and a more competitive structure.


he smell is of isopropyl alcohol and the burning of the cautery pen. Chill air surrounds the hot lights beating down on the OR table. Workers run for supplies, while others calculate medicine doses or send requested instruments up the table. Everyone is on edge. Someone orders a blood gas. Three pairs of hands are ready to help, as anesthesia rechecks the controls for what seems like the hundredth time. Hours after the surgery has begun, the graft is in safely, and people take turns carefully closing the enormous undertaking. Now the close watch begins. Someone stays all night with the patient, and then she is checked hourly, then several times daily. Everyone is concerned and excited, passing others in the hallway, getting updates, and planning


In Ayurveda all types of nail infections are referred as Kunakha. Word 'Ku' means 'Bad' and 'Nakha' means nail. In modern science, paronychia is one of the clinical conditions of nail bed infection. It induces ugliness to hands due to chronic recurrent infection, which is generally bacterial or fungal in nature. A single case study showing Kunakha condition, which had resistant to therapy in contemporary science, encouraging results after the administration of external and palliative Ayurvedic treatment (Shaman Chikitsa). Consecutive administration of Ayurvedic treatments (internal and external) for 60 days had shown positive outcomes in clinical symptoms as well as a notable change in appearance. The pathogenic characteristics of the nail were successfully diminished by the Shothahara, Rakta Prasadaka, and Strotoshodhaka action of the therapy, which was planned according to the fundamentals of Ayurveda.


PURPOSE: A device and a method for controlling gearshift of an automatic transmission for a car are provided to carry out gearshift by correcting fill time according to a time change. CONSTITUTION: A device for controlling gearshift of an automatic transmission for a car includes a car driving detecting part(100), a gearshift controlling part(200), and a driving part(300). The car driving detecting part detects a car driving condition variably output according to a driving condition of the car. The gearshift controlling part outputs control signal to the car driving detecting part to receive a signal detected by the car driving detecting part, receives a gearshift mode state of the car, a throttle valve opening level, rotational frequency of an output shaft, engine rotational frequency, oil temperature and acceleration pedal operation states, outputs power on up shift duty control signal by a previously set program, and corrects fill time according to a time change.


Adaptive control methods are widely used for the control of both linear and nonlinear dynamical systems. Among the adaptive control approaches, Model Reference Adaptive Control (MRAC) method has a systematic design feature in which response of a stable reference model is targeted to be followed by the dynamical system. In general, Linear Time Invariant (LTI) Reference Models are considered in the MRAC design and the adaptation rule is formulated accordingly. In this paper, the linear reference model is altered with a stable nonlinear one and the adaptation rule is re-formulated to cope with the nonlinearity. The stable nonlinear reference model is generated by using the State Dependent Riccati Equation (SDRE) approach and the adaptation rule is also updated by using the same SDRE idea. The effects of altering the linear reference model to the nonlinear counterpart are shown in the MRAC formulations. In addition to the new MRAC formulations, the proposed MRAC algorithm is applied to a 3 DoF helicopter test bed to reveal the advantages of the nonlinear reference model.


Abstract A new carboxylic acid extractant containing a sulfur atom, α-butylthiolauric acid(abbreviated as α-BTLA) was synthesized to investigate the extraction equilibrium of silver(I) from 1 mol/dm3 aqueous ammonium nitrate solution with its toluene solution at 30°C. Moreover, the extraction of silver(I) with palmitic acid in toluene was studied to compare with the extraction properties of α-BTLA. It was found that silver(I) is extracted as AgR×3HR for both carboxylic acids(HR) according to the following equation. $ Extraction equilibrium constants were evaluated as $


TGS813 is a flammable gas sensor and has the characteristic of long life-span,low prices.The principle and structure of TGS813 are introduced and its application in multi-channel data sample circuit is shown in the paper.


Many companies experience nonstationary demand because of short product life cycles, seasonality, customer buying patterns, or other factors. We present a practical model for managing inventory in a supply chain facing stochastic, nonstationary demand. Our model is based on the guaranteed service modeling framework. We first describe how inventory levels should adapt to changes in demand at a single stage. We then show how nonstationary demand propagates in a supply chain, allowing us to link stages and apply a multiechelon optimization algorithm designed originally for stationary demand. We describe two successful applications of this model. The first is a tactical implementation to support monthly safety stock planning at Microsoft. The second is a strategic project to evaluate the benefits of using an inventory pool at Case New Holland.


The paper describes a 6-noded discrete non linear trianagular (DLTP) element composed of a discrete Kirchoff model for bending and the classical linear strain triangular element for a membrane used for the numerical modeling of fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) slabs. The details of the study are described in which the model takes into account material nonlinearity arising from tensile cracking of concrete, yielding of concrete, crushing of concrete or a combination of two or more of these effects. The stress-strain relationships adopted describe the behavior of FRC before and after the peak stresses are reached, both in tension and compression. The model is suitable for nonproportional loading, and unloading is allowed at any stage along the stress-strain curve. The finite element model predictions are found to be satisfactory when compared with experimental results.


Aeroclipper balloons, designed for taking measurements at the air-sea interface, can withstand extreme conditions encountered when they are drawn into tropical cyclones and then follow the eye trajectory.


Breast cancer is a life-threatening disease and considered one of the most common forms of cancer among women worldwide. Early and accurate detection with mass screening programmes helps improve a woman's chances for successful treatment. The current and the most effective technique used for screening and diagnosis of breast cancer is the X-ray mammography. The photon transport detection of such technique is mostly based on a forward scattering mechanism as well as makes use of attenuation and pen etration coefficients. The painful compression and the double X-ray exposure of both patients' breasts carried out during the imaging process remain unavoidable. In addition, the conventional 2D mammography has two major limitations: sensitivity in detecting breast cancers (~ <80%) and the high recall rate (~10%). It suffers from certain limitations, most important of which is tissue overlap and false diagnoses arising thereof. To over- come this and as an alternative, a new 3D imaging method for breast cancer screening and diagnosis, namely, tomosynthesis, has recently been used. In such method, a limited number of low-dose 2D projection images of a patient are used to reconstruct the 3D tissue information. Tomosynthesis systems incorporate an X-ray source that moves over a certain angle to acquire images. This tube motion is a major limitation because it degrades image quality, increases the scan time and causes prolonged patient dis - comfort. Therefore, the goal of this work was to overcome all of the above limitations by developing focus was on 3D mammography imaging simulation setup. Five main steps have been carefully checked and successfully produced: (a) the production of X-ray radiation or source after careful and detailed physics check. This includes the interaction between the X-ray photons and the object (the 3D breast phantom) that is used on scan as well as the detector system and its associated electronics modelled. (b) Next is the realistic modelling of anthropomorphic breast phantoms to check if the effectiveness of prediction of the simulation is successfully achieved. A computer simulation model is developed to estimate the radiation dose to the breast that would be incurred using mammogra -phy. Mono-energetic normalized glandular dose coefficients, DgN(E), were computed for energies 11–120 keV using breast phantoms of various sizes and compositions.


The necessity of charging on metering was presented based on heating calculation status quo.And some problems in charging on metering were analyzed briefly.


We developed quercetin surface chemistry that can be applied for various substrates and is able to postfunctionalize for hemocompatible coatings.


A model is formulated to calculate excited‐state densities in a multicathode‐spot (MCS) vacuum arc. The model is composed of two components: (1) a semiempirical model for the emission of ions from the cathode surface and subsequent plasma flow and (2) a theoretical model for inelastic collisions, including excitation and ionization, and radiation in the interelectrode plasma. After consideration of characteristic times prevalent in MCS arcs, the model is reduced to a set of P‐1 simultaneous linear equations and one differential equation for each ionic species considered, where P is the number of states considered for that species, where the independent variable is time in the frame of the flowing plasma, or equivalently distance from the cathode, and where the dependent variables are the populations of the various states. The model was used to determine the electron temperature in a MCS Al arc by leaving the electron temperature as a free parameter and choosing the value giving the best agreement with exp...


Abstract Soxhlet method was used in hot and standard extraction mode and compared with liquid–liquid extraction methods for lipid determination in food samples. Several solvent mixtures were investigated and Soxhlet extraction time was optimized. Soxhlet extraction was convenient only for solid samples. Except Roese–Gottlieb method, other liquid–liquid extraction methods were suitable for lipid extraction from all samples analysed. Even if the precision of each method was good ( R.S.D.


Some of the naturally sap sucking insect resistant plant varieties comprise altered amounts of amino acids asparagine, aspartic acid and glutamic acid in their sap. However, role of these amino acids on insect resistance has not been demonstrated. We evaluated impact of asparagine (N), aspartic acid (D) and glutamic acid (E) on survival of Myzus persicae and Bemisia tabaci by altering concentration in artificial diet. We observed that higher concentration of D or/and E caused ~94-100 % mortality of both insects while higher concentration of N did not show any significant mortality. Deletion of such amino acids from normal diet did not show any effect on survival of M. persicae s and B. tabaci. Asparagine synthetase (AS) and asparginase (ASN) mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana plant, which might have altered level of such amino acids were evaluated for insect resistance. AS-mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana showed significant protection against M. persicae and B. tabaci compared with wild type plants while ASN mutants did not affect the survival of both insect. Present study discusses a method of developing sap sucking pest resistant plants by altering amino acid biosynthetic pathway.


Gross domestic product is a measuring tool for a country's economy that needs to be known so that the country is able to consider decisions taken regarding future economic policies. The local polynomial semiparametric method that combines parametric regression and local polynomial nonparametric can be one way of predicting a country's GDP. This method is used because in GDP modeling there is one independent variable that has a linear relationship while the other variables have a pattern that tends to cluster. The modeling aims to obtain a semiparametric local polynomial model on GDP in Indonesia with the influence of coal export volume as a parametric independent variable and world oil prices as a nonparametric independent variable from the first quarter of 2005 to the second quarter of 2021 which is equipped with a GUI to simplify calculations. Based on experiments on several types of kernels, bandwidth and model degrees, the best model is local polynomial semiparametric model with Gaussian kernel weighting at degree 2 which has the smallest GCV. This model also has an R-Square value of 89.2% where the value of GDP is strongly influenced by world oil prices and coal export volumes together. The forecasting ability of this best model is said to be good because it has a MAPE of 17.127%.


An Euler Lagrange equation of the multi rigid body system,expressed by generalized coordinates and constrained with intact motion,was established.The recurrence algorithm of orthogonal complement matrix was discussed when the equation was applied to opperating robot.


It is known that adverse environments such as high reverberation and low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) pose a great challenge to indoor sound source localization (SSL). To address this challenge, in this paper, we propose an SSL algorithm based on a probabilistic neural network, namely a generalized cross-correlation classification algorithm (GCA). Experimental results for adverse environments with high reverberation time  $T_{60}$ up to 600 ms and low SNR such as -10 dB show that the average azimuth angle error and elevation angle error by GCA are only 4.6° and 3.1°, respectively. Compared with three recently published algorithms, GCA has increased the success rate on direction of arrival estimation significantly with good robustness to environmental changes. These results show that the proposed GCA can localize accurately and robustly for diverse indoor applications where the site acoustic features can be studied prior to the localization stage.


We show the relation between weighted Shapley values and the obligation rules in the context of minimum cost spanning tree games. We also provide a new characterization of obligation rules using strong cost monotonicity and population monotonicity. 1 Minimum cost spanning tree problems In this paper we pursue the axiomatic analysis of cost allocation rules for Minimum Cost Spanning Tree problems. The common feature of these problems is that a group of users has to be connected to a single supplier of some service. For instance, several towns may draw power from a common power plant, and hence have to share the cost of the distribution network. There is a positive cost of connecting each pair of users (towns) as well as a cost of connecting each user (town) to the common supplier (power plant). A cost game arises because cooperation reduces aggregate costs it may be cheaper for town A to construct a link to town B which is nearer to the power plant, rather than build a separate link to the plant. An e¢ cient network must be a tree which connects all users to the common supplier. Formally, let N N = f1; 2; :::g be the set of all possible agents. We are interested in networks whose nodes are elements of a set N0 = N [ f0g, where N N is …nite and 0 is a special node called the source. Usually we take N = f1; :::; ng : Our interest lies on networks where each node of N is (directly or indirectly) connected to the source. Let N denote the set of all orders in N: Given 2 N ; let Pre (i; ) denote the set of elements of N which come before i in the order given by ; i. e. Pre (i; ) = fj 2 N j (j) < (i)g : Work in progress. yUniversity of Vigo, Vigo, Spain. zUniversity of Warwick, Coventry, UK.


Financial support for the education of veterans and their dependents has been a part of higher education since after the Second World War. This support is also essential to assist veterans in their transition from military to civilian careers. Periodically, funding for educational financial support from the VA comes under scrutiny from the public, Congress, and special interest groups. Recent criticism of excessive VA payments for veterans undertaking flight training at public institutions of higher education has resulted in multiple legislative proposals to limit (cap) or eliminate flight training funding. This article focuses on changes to potential student outcomes if either of these changes is implemented. Forty students currently receiving veteran benefits and enrolled in flight or flight-related degree programs at a four-year public institution were surveyed. Thirty-two percent of respondents would change to a non-flying major or leave college if funding was capped at the proposed level of $20,235. By comparison, 67 percent of respondents would change to a different major or drop out of school if funding for flight training was eliminated. The results of this survey have broad implications for the aviation industry. Public institutions offering flight training may be forced to scale back or close their programs. Furthermore, reducing financial support for flight training costs may cause future veterans to avoid undertaking flight training altogether. In the long term, this may have an adverse impact on the already challenged domestic pilot supply. Avenues for further investigation are proposed. Keywords: pilot supply, flight training, Veteran's Affairs, educational funding, educational outcomes, completion rates.


Strong solutions of p-dimensional stochastic differential equations that can be represented locally in explicit simulation form are considered. The following three-way equivalence is established: 1) There exists such a representation from all starting points, 2) the representation pair satisfies a set differential equations, and 3) the stochastic differential equation coefficients satisfy commutation relations. Next, construction theorems, based on a diffeomorphism between the original equation solutions and the strong solutions to a simpler Ito integral equation, with a possible deterministic component, are given. Finally, motivating examples are provided and reference to its importance in filtering and option pricing is given.


A methodology for transforming sequential recursive algorithms to distributive ones is suggested. The assumption is that the program segments between recursive calls have a distributive implementation. The methodology is applied to two k-selection algorithms and yields new distributed k-selection algorithms. Some complexity issues of the resulting algorithms are discussed.


Although the soils in the Tibetan Plateau shrublands store large amounts of total nitrogen (N), the estimated values remain uncertain because of spatial heterogeneity and a lack of field observations. In this study, we quantified the regional soil N storage, spatial and vertical density distributions, and related climatic controls using 183 soil profiles sampled from 61 sites across the Northeast Tibetan Plateau shrublands during the period of 2011–2013. Our analysis revealed a soil N storage value of 132.40 Tg at a depth of 100 cm, with an average density of 1.21 kg m−2. Soil N density was distributed at greater levels in alpine shrublands, compared with desert shrublands. Spatially, soil N densities decreased from south to north and from east to west, and, vertically, the soil N in the upper 30 and 50 cm accounted for 42% and 64% of the total soil N stocks in the Tibetan Plateau. However, compared with desert shrublands, the surface layers in alpine shrublands exhibited a larger distribution of soil N stocks. Overall, the soil N density in the top 30 cm increased significantly with the mean annual precipitation (MAP) and tended to decrease with the mean annual temperature (MAT), although the dominant climatic controls differed among shrubland types. Specifically, MAP in alpine shrublands, and MAT in desert shrubland, had a weak effect on N density. Soil pH can significant affect soil N density in the Tibetan Plateau shrublands. In conclusion, changes in soil N density should be monitored over the long term to provide accurate information about the effects of climatic factors.


It is shown that in homonuclear conjugated systems the various bond orders and similar quantities can be written as matrix functions of the topological incidence matrix. This entails the existence of a number of useful general relations between these various quantities. The relations include as special cases: Coulson and Rushbrooke's theorem on charge orders in alternants; G. G. Hall's theorem on bond orders in alternants; McWeeny's theorem on the formal charges; Ham and Ruedenberg's correlation between Coulson and Mulliken bond orders for neighbors in alternants; closely related is Ham‐Ruedenberg‐Platt's relation between valence‐bond bond orders and molecular orbital theory. A number of new relations between bond orders are derived and discussed. The generalization from alternants to nonalternants is given particular attention.


In this thesis, a biological process for obtaining value-added products from wheat straw, a plentiful lignocellulosic residue in Spain and Europe, is developed. This task involves the development of a biological pretreatment, based on the use of white-rot fungi to degrade lignin and to reach a lignocellulosic biomass modification similar to that found after applying chemical and physico-chemical pretreatments (Chapters 2 and 3), and an enzymatic hydrolysis step, for the conversion of the polysaccharides of the pretreated straw into their corresponding sugar monomers (Chapter 4). Finally, the conversion of sugar monomers into value-added products is performed by using different pathways: an alcoholic fermentation for bioethanol production (Chapter 5) and a bacterial process in which carbon from sugars is stored inside cells as a degradable biopolymer (polyhydroxybutyrate) beside other high value-added compound (ectoine) (Chapter 6).


List of Abbreviations List of Figures and Tables List of Contributors Foreword Rod Ellis 1. Introduction Michael Thomas and Hayo Reinders PART I. RESEARCH ON TASKS IN CALL 2. Research on the Use of Technology in Task-Based Language Teaching Andreas Muller-Hartmann and Marita Schocker-v. Ditfurth 3. Task-Based Language Teaching in Networked-Based CALL: An Analysis of Research on Learner Interaction in Synchronous CMC Mark Peterson 4. Taking Intelligent CALL to Task Matthias Schulze 5. Effects of Multimodality in Computer-Mediated Communication Tasks Glenn Stockwell 6. Measuring Complexity in Task-Based Synchronous Computer-Mediated Communication Karina Collentine PART II. APPLYING TECHNOLOGY-MEDIATED TASKS 7. Task Design for a Virtual Learning Environment in a Distance Language Course Regine Hampel 8. Teacher Development, TBLT and Technology Thomas Raith and Volker Hegelheimer 9. Edubba: Real-world Writing Tasks in a Virtual World Kenneth Reeder 10. The Enactment of Task Design in Telecollaboration 2.0 Mirjam Hauck 11. Afterword: Future Directions for Technology-Mediated Tasks Gary Motteram and Michael Thomas Index.


We describe a refractive micro-structure that generates a pseudo-random structured light pattern for gesture recognition and 3D sensing applications. The optical element provides wide field-of-view, high efficiency, and no zero order.


Assembly of the present disclosure includes an electrode, and a polyimide film. The polyimide film comprises a sub-micron filler and polyimide. Polyimides, rigid rod dianhydride, at least one aromatic dianhydride component selected from non-rigid rod dianhydride and combinations thereof, rigid rod diamine, a non-rigid rod diamine and combinations thereof It is derived from at least one aromatic diamine component selected from the group consisting of. Molar ratio diamine dianhydride 48-52: A 52-48, and the mole of the mole percent, non-rigid rod dianhydride Y and non-rigid rod diamine rigid rod dianhydride and rigid rod diamine X in the case of the percentage X: Y ratio is 20-80: a 80-20. Submicron filler is less than 550 nanometers in at least one dimension, 3: 1 has an aspect ratio greater than, less than the thickness of the film in all dimensions.


Objective To clarify the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) in serum of women with pregnancy induced hypertension(PIH) and umbilical blood from their newborns.Method Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to measured serum VEGF from 46 women with pregnancy induced hypertension and their newborns(PIH group).40 normal pregnany women and their newborns (normal group).The later group was as control.Results The VEGF level in PIH group was (9.3±2.8)ng·L -1 ,significantly lower than that in normal group 〔VEGF level was (16.8±9.6)ng·L -1 , P 0.01〕.The VEGF level in umbilical blood of newborns from PIH was (42.4± 13.7 )ng·L -1 ,significantly lower than that in of newborns from normal group 〔VEGF level was (75.3±15.7)ng·L -1 , P 0.05〕.Conclusion The VEGF reduction in serum of women with PIH and umbilical blood from newborns may be one of the reasons of pathologic change of blood vessels.


Summary
Hybridization reactions between the DNAs of the six members of the 'weakly' oncogenic adenovirus group (types 3, 7, 11, 14, 16 and 21) show that they are closely related to each other, sharing 70 to 100% of their nucleotide sequences. The 'weakly' oncogenic adenoviruses are but distantly related to 'strongly' oncogenic types 12 and 18, showing only 11 to 22% homology. Thus, two groups of oncogenic adenoviruses exist, differing remarkably in nucleotide sequence as well as in base composition and degree of oncogenicity.


The method of the critical concentration of thermal defects gives a linear correlation between the logarithmic derivative with respect to the volume of enthalpy of formation of one defect on the coldcompression isotherm and the pressure derivative of Poisson's ratio. This relation is applied to three minerals (KC1, NaCl and Mg" Si 0 J . I INTRODUCTION The Lindemann law is one of the oldest and simplest criterion to describe the melting of solids, but her application to polyatomic materials is not even appropriate. In the following, we utilize another melting criterion which gives a melting curve in the (T,V) plane : the method of the critical concentration of thermal defects ; in this, the dependence of the melting temperature, T , on the pressure P is determined assuming that melting begins when the concentration of thermal defects (Frenkel or Schottky defects) reaches a critical value which remains constant along the melting curve /I/. II METHODE OF THERMAL DEFECTS AND THE KRAUT-KENNEDY MELTING LAW The criterion of the critical concentration of thermal defects gives a melting law T (V) in the form /I/ :


Importance Monitoring sun protection and sunburn over time at the population level can provide valuable information about progress toward skin cancer prevention goals and inform future intervention efforts. Objective To examine the prevalence of sun protection use (shade, sunscreen, and clothing) and sunburn and the association between sunburn and individual characteristics and health behaviors in the US population. Design, Setting, and Participants In this cross-sectional study using a nationally representative sample of 31 162 US adults from the 2015 National Health Interview Survey–Cancer Control Supplement, household interviews of civilian, noninstitutionalized US adults were conducted throughout 2015 in person and completed on the telephone when necessary. Data analysis was performed from August 16, 2016, to September 6, 2017. Main Outcomes and Measures The prevalence of sunburn and use of sun protection and their association with demographic characteristics, sun sensitivity, and health-related behaviors and conditions using multivariable logistic regression modeling. Results A total of 31 162 respondents (mean [SD] age, 47.0 [0.36] years; 13 932 male [44.7%] and 17 230 female [55.3%]) were included in the analyses, with 34.2% experiencing sunburn in 2015. Sunburn prevalence was higher among younger age groups (51.2% in adults 18-29 years old; 95% CI, 48.8%-53.7%), non-Hispanic white individuals (42.5%; 95% CI, 41.2%-43.9%), and those with sun-sensitive skin (50.2%). However, sunburn was also prevalent among black (13.2%; 95% CI, 11.6%-15.1%) and Hispanic (29.7%; 95% CI, 27.6%-31.9%) individuals, demographic groups that are often considered to be at low risk of skin cancer. The most frequent sun protection behaviors were staying in the shade (37.1%; 95% CI, 36.3%-38.0%) and using sunscreen (31.5%; 95% CI, 30.7%-32.3%) followed by wearing long clothing to the ankles (28.4%; 95% CI, 27.6-29.1). Sun avoidance behaviors (seeking shade and not going in the sun) were significantly (39.5% vs 35.1%; P < .001) associated with a lower prevalence of sunburn. Those who used self-applied sunless tanning products (45.0% of users vs 36.1% of nonusers; P < .001), those who engaged in aerobic activity (37.9% of aerobic exercisers vs 32.8% of non–aerobic exercisers; P < .001), binge drinkers (45.1% of binge drinkers vs 35.0% of non–binge drinkers; P < .001), and overweight or obese individuals (37.9% of overweight or obese individuals vs 34.4% of non–overweight or obese individuals; P < .001) were more likely to experience sunburn compared with the respective comparison groups. Conclusions and Relevance Sun sensitivity was significantly associated with a higher sunburn prevalence, independent of race/ethnicity, suggesting a need to consider sun sensitivity when identifying target demographic groups for sun safety interventions. Efforts to improve vigilance and consistency with use of sun protection are needed. In addition, those who engage in physical activity, use sunless tanners, or use sunscreen for tanning purposes may require additional intervention strategies to address the unique barriers they face in staying adequately protected.


Within the geosynthetics industry and the discipline of geotechnical engineering, Dr. Robert M. Koerner, PhD, PE, D.GE, NAE, Dist.M.ASCE, will always be remembered for his boundless energy and enth...


The problem about modernity is the focus of current acdemic discussion.Modernity,which appeared with the Western modernity process,has its profound connotation.While it promotes social development,its internal paradox is exposed.Marx seeked the modernity outlet in practical activities.Communism is the key to the internal contradiction of nationality and subjectivity and is the only resolution to modernity paradox.


REFERENCES 1. Renehan AG. Cumulative incidence of metachronous colorectal cancer risk for mismatch repair gene mutation carriers is overestimated. Gut 2012;61:783. 2. Gooley TA, Leisenring W, Crowley J, et al. Estimation of failure probabilities in the presence of competing risks: new representations of old estimators. Stat Med 1999;18:695e706. 3. Parry S, Win AK, Parry B, et al. Metachronous colorectal cancer risk for mismatch repair gene mutation carriers: the advantage of more extensive colon surgery. Gut 2011;60:950e7.


Power MOSFET is an indispensable key component in circuits and electronic systems. For power MOSFET, gate oxide degradation often occurs in various applications, so the research on gate oxide degradation has important theoretical significance for the reliability evaluation of electronic components. This paper proposes a power MOSFET gate oxide degradation parameter characterization technique based on the current fall time (tfi) during the turn-off process. Firstly, it introduces the failure mechanism and effects of gate oxide degradation of power MOSFET; secondly, analyzes the mechanism of gate oxide degradation based on the current drop time during turn-off; finally, an accelerated gate oxide degradation experiment was taken, and the results proved that the current fall time can effectively characterize the degradation state of the gate oxide layer of the power MOSFET, and verified the effectiveness of the proposed parameter characterization technique.


The objective of the study was to investigate the presence of the phase-locking between a pair of physiological tremorsignals from two closely located neurons in the thalamotomy area of a huma n brain. Most frequently used current methods detect both phase and am plitude correlations between tremor signals based on the stationar y assumption of the signals. The correlation analysis method utilized in the present study only focuses on the phase synchronization of a pair of period ic or quasiperiodic signals. This method does not require the stationa rity assumption of signals because it estimates the instantaneous tremor fr equency series of tremor signals.


Once avoided on both sides of the Bering Strait, wild mushrooms are now considered to be delicious edibles in Chukotka. An important food source, mushroom-gathering is also a recreational activity that cultivates particular relationships between people and the land. In the past, prior to the influences of the mushroom-loving Russian cuisine, the Yupiget of Chukotka regarded mushrooms as "devil ears," while the Chukchi people largely viewed them as reindeer food, unfit for human consumption. This article examines the transformation in Yupik and Chukchi ideas about mushrooms in the context of a broader ethnohistorical overview. Using the narratives shared by Yupik, Chukchi, and non-indigenous residents of Chukotka, it highlights the role of cultural identity in shaping landscape perceptions, demonstrating how during and after the Soviet period members of each group were finding their own distinct ways of relating to the ecological universe, transformed by new political processes and vast social changes.


This study explores the enhancement of user experience in academic information systems, spotlighting issues with current models like the e-Rapor Kurikulum Merdeka. Focusing on user interaction design, this research employs a user-centered design method to identify the usability and user experience goals in order to develop a more effective, motivating, and enjoyable interface. User needs and problems were identified through interviews and observations, culminating in the creation of a low-fidelity prototype and a static frontend page. These designs were shaped by six objectives: three usability goals (efficient to use, easy to learn, and easy to remember how to use) and three user experience goals (helpful, enjoyable, and motivating). Evaluations were conducted using the system usability scale (SUS), single ease question (SEQ), basic psychological need satisfaction for technology use (BPN-TU), and the technology acceptance model (TAM). Early tests up to the second iteration suggest the prototypes meet the set goals, with SUS score 100%, average SEQ score of 6,98 out of 7, average BPN-TU score of 5 out of 5, and all TAM scores are above the existing application TAM scores.


This paper puts forward the idea that the context analysis,that is,reading between the lines or close reading,is the highest symbolic sign of one's reading ability,and this ability can be developed.This paper also puts forward the strategy of developing the students' ability of context analysis based on the psycholinguistics and schema theory.At last,the author exemplifies the application of the strategy in appreciating one text.


Abstract This article is a response to concerns raised locally following the publication of United Kingdom national figures which showed that class sizes in primary schools continue to rise. It describes ways in which headteachers and their staff manage large classes and contributes to the debate on the effect that large classes have upon pupils and their teachers


Article, see p 1920

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a deleterious disease of the lung vasculature characterized by endothelial dysfunction, medial hypertrophy and proliferation, and eventual occlusion of the pulmonary arterioles. Although a number of genetic and environmental triggers have been described as causative, the specific molecular origins of this vascular disease are still unknown.

Multiple lines of evidence now converge to connect immune dysregulation to PAH in humans and animal models. Previous reports suggest that altered inflammatory dynamics, such as hematopoietic and myeloid expansion, B- and T-cell dysfunction, increased cytokine production, circulating autoantibodies, and tertiary lymphoid tissue neogenesis, may initiate or drive PAH.1 Clinically, a well-established causative link exists between autoimmune connective tissue disorders and PAH. Furthermore, infectious agents, such as Schistosoma mansoni and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), are known to alter the immune cell repertoire and predispose to the development of PAH. However, a mechanistic understanding of the exogenous or endogenous factors that drive immune dysfunction remains largely undefined.

Prior studies have aimed to characterize the role of exogenous viruses in PAH. For example, HIV-associated PAH has been attributed to decreased CD4+ T-cell function, indicating a role for T-cell–mediated immune dysregulation.2 Separately, HIV-encoded proteins such …


We show that for uniform domains $\Omega\subseteq \mathbb{R}^{d+1}$ whose boundaries satisfy a certain nondegeneracy condition that harmonic measure cannot be mutually absolutely continuous with respect to $\alpha$-dimensional Hausdorff measure unless $\alpha\leq d$. We employ a lemma that shows that at almost every nondegenerate point, we may find a tangent measure of harmonic measure whose support is the boundary of yet another uniform domain whose harmonic measure resembles the tangent measure.


This article discusses U.S. government funding for super-conductivity research and development. The individual programs and goals are examined for the following departments: Department of Defense, Department of Energy, National Science Foundation, Department of Commerce, Department of the Interior, NASA, and the Department of Transportation.


Calmodulin-binding transcription activators (CAMTAs) play important roles in plant growth, developmental processes, and responses to abiotic and biotic factors. Recently, five CAMTA members were identified in Citrus sinensis, however, very little is known about the molecular regulation of these CAMTAs in citrus during fruit development and under abiotic stresses. In this study, the different expression profiles of CsCAMTA genes were found in different tissues and different fruit developmental stages. The CsCAMTA genes also displayed distinct expression patterns after heat, cold, salt, and drought stresses. Furthermore, the expressions of CsCAMTA genes were significantly induced by treatments with salicylic acid, methyl jasmonate, or abscisic acid. The green fluorescent protein gene fused with CsCAMTA was specifically expressed in the nucleus of Nicotiana benthamiana cells. Additionally, CsCAMTA proteins can activate or suppress DNA transcription in yeast. These findings provide helpful information for further studies of stress signals in citrus.


1. Introduction: Scalia on Education Law, Philosophy, and Pedagogy.- 2. Scalia's Rugged Originalism.- 3. Justice Scalia's Unoriginal Approach to Race and Gender in Education.- 4. Scalia's Dilemmas as a Conservative Jurist.- 6. Beyond Original Meaning: The Task of Interpretation.- 7. Trust Me, I'm an Expert: Scientific and Legal Expertise in Scalia's Jurisprudence.- 8. Scalia's Teaching Methods and Message.


In this paper, we propose a novel three-dimensional (3-D) irregular-shaped channel model for characterizing typically ellipsoidal stadium scenes, which is specifically composed of multiple-confocal truncated semi-ellipsoids and a rectangular parallelepiped. Firstly, we derive the channel impulse responses (CIRs) of the proposed model under the assumption of the spherical wavefront. Secondly, considering the influence of moving obstructions in the stadium, we develop an algorithm for describing occlusion obstacles based on the geometric theory, by means of which the channel model is established through combining with the truncation angle of the truncated semi-ellipsoid. Finally, the impacts of the size of the obstacle, the movement of the obstacle and the truncation angle of the truncated semi-ellipsoid on the proposed channel model are investigated via key statistical properties, e.g., the spatial-temporal cross-correlation function. Our numerical and simulation results show that our proposed model can capture the channel characteristics in the stadium scenes, which can provide guidance for the corresponding system design and performance evaluation in the future.


The Judicial System Environmental battles are often fought in the courts. This is particularly true of interest groups lacking the resources necessary to fight in more traditional arenas, such as legislative bodies. However, this is also true of regulated industries when they challenge regulations. As noted earlier, there are a number of long-standing common law judicial remedies for those concerned with the environment, notably the public nuisance doctrine. But since the early 1970s, the most common legal challenge used by environmental organizations has been to enforce the environmental impact statement requirements of the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). Most often, environmental impact statements are challenged on the grounds that they do not sufficiently assess environmental impacts or their alternatives. As we will see in Part Two, a number of environmental statutes, notably the NEPA and the Clean Water Act, have provided environmentalists with opportunities to use the judicial branch of government to enforce environmental laws. Early in the history of the contemporary environmental movement, access to court systems was limited somewhat by questions of legal standing (discussed in the previous chapter). Standing means that a party has a right to represent an interest in court. For example, to bring a lawsuit, a person or organization must show (1) that it suffered an injury and (2) that the injury can be remedied. Standing has not been a major obstacle to use of the judicial system by environmentalists since the early 1970s, when the Supreme Court began taking a somewhat more liberal view of standing in environmental cases.1 The use of the courts in environmental matters and the benefit to be derived from pursuing a court action vary depending on the interests involved. For instance, if a lengthy lawsuit will allow the maintenance of the status quo (such as continuing to pollute), then clearly the polluting party is advantaged by pursuing its interest in ChapTer


Justice Kagan's majority opinion held that the limitation was permissible, reasoning that the so-called moral-incapacity test for insanity was not sufficiently rooted in the history of Anglo-American criminal law to be a required component of due process [ ]for decades, the Court has refused to make constitutional judgments about how philosophical, moral, practical, and medical judgments about insanity translate into constitutional rules about criminal culpability " In Kansas v Garcia, the Court held that state laws used to prosecute noncitizens who used stolen social security numbers on their employment forms were not preempted by the Immigration Reform and Control Act [Disclosure: Arnold & Porter is counsel for the State of Oklahoma in McGirt ] CASES SET FOR NEXT TERM The 2020-21 term already is chock-full of criminal lawrelated cases, including three recent cert grants and cases carried over from the 2019-20 term because of COVID-19: Military Justice-Statute of Limitations United States v Briggs, No 19-108 and United States v Collins, No 19-184 Question Presented: Whether the Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces erred in concluding-contrary to its own longstanding precedent-that the Uniform Code of Military Justice allows prosecution of a rape that occurred between 1986 and 2006 only if it was discovered and charged within five years


The purpose of this study was to determine the contribution of transition duration in signaling an alveolar/velar place‐of‐articulation contrast to listeners with mild‐to‐moderate sensorineural hearing loss. In the experiments reported here, F1, F2, and F3 transitions were varied between values appropriate for [deh] and [geh]. These were combined with transition durations ranging from 20 to 50 ms in 5‐ms steps. In three separate identification tasks, listeners were presented with: (1) all levels of formant pattern varied orthogonally with all transition duration values; (2) all levels of formant pattern combined with an ambiguous duration value; and (3) all levels of transition duration combined with an ambiguous formant pattern. A trend was observed for hearing‐impaired listeners to identify stimuli with shorter transition durations as [deh] in the absence of other unequivocal cues for place of articulation. Overall performance of hearing‐impaired listeners was more variable than that of normal listeners...


Laboratory study was carried out to determine some physicochemical properties and elemental composition of soil sample from Rijiyar determine its nutrient value and fertility. The elemental composition was determined using Neutron Activation Analysis (N.A.A.). After activation the sample was analyzed using a high efficiency high-purity germanium dete determined by employing gamma spectrometry. Mn, and Zn were obtained as 1.04±0.1%, 5±0.1%, 1.2±0.06%, 0.0749±0.0022%, 0.58±0.05%, 0.0004±0.00007%, 0.0139±0.000 below detection limit. The concentration of Al in the soil sample indicates that the soil is mineral, the low Na content implies it is non Cl that indicated that the soil sample is neither saline nor purely acidic. The below detection limit obtained for Ca element may be linked to the fact that with the increase of soil pH, soil base cations (such as Ca and Mg for the none detection of Mg. The study of the particle size indicated that the sample is sandy clay loam, with a silt/clay ratio of 0.83 and pH of 7.4. The electrical conductivity (EC), organic carbon content, cation exchange capacity to be 0.15 dS/m, 0.28 g/kg, 8.40 cmol respectively. The low silt/clay ratio indicates that the soil is made up of young parent materials with low degree of weathering, that the soil is normal. The low organic carbon content can be connected with high rate of decomposition under tropical and subtropical climates. The low clay content of the soil is the reason for the low value of the CEC. organic matter content, as well as pH higher than 6.0 of the sample.


Enthesitis, inflammation at the insertion site of tendon, ligament or joint capsule into bone, is considered a key pathological feature in spondyloarthritis (SpA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA)[1]. Compared to conventional assessment of enthesitis using clinical scores, MRI detects both soft tissue and intra-osseous abnormalities in active enthesitis, potentially aiding early diagnosis and outcome measurement in SpA and PsA[2]. With the advent of treat-to-target concept and novel therapies, objective and sensitive monitoring of response of enthesitis to therapy is desirable, and a validated MRI scoring system would be a useful adjunct to clinical practice as well as providing additional information as an outcome measure in clinical trials. The Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) MRI in Arthritis Working Group recently undertook a systematic literature review (SLR) aiming to critically evaluate the published literature for available methods of evaluating enthesitis using MRI in SpA and PsA patients, describing the MRI variables, definitions and scoring systems used to diagnose and monitor enthesitis)[3]. Considerable limitations was found regarding standardisation of MRI enthesitis definitions across studies and validity of available semi-quantitative scores as outcome measures. The findings suggested a need for reliable and validated MRI scoring system for enthesitis. Subsequently, The OMERACT MRI group developed consensus definitions of key pathologies and three heel enthesitis multi-reader scoring exercises were done, separated by discussion, training and calibration [4]. In a final exercise, median pairwise single-measures intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs; patient-level) for entheseal inflammation status/change scores were 0.83/0.82 for all readers. For radiologists and selected rheumatologists ICCs were 0.91/0.84 and quadratic-weighted kappas (lesion-level) 0.57-0.91/0.45-0.81. It was concluded that the proposed definitions and heel enthesitis scoring system (OMERACT HEMRIS) are reliable among trained readers and promising for clinical trials [4]. This talk will briefly review the evidence behind the use of MRI for diagnosis and monitoring enthesitis, describe the recently developed OMERACT consensus definitions of key pathologies, and provide examples of these pathologies, aiming for the attendees to learn to be able to recognize them. Finally, an interactive quiz using cases for audience review will be undertaken to test this ability. References: [1] Eshed I, Bollow M, McGonagle DG, Tan AL, Althoff CE, Asbach P, Hermann KG. MRI of enthesitis of the appendicular skeleton in spondyloarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2007;66:1553-9. [2] Poggenborg RP, Eshed I, Østergaard M, Sorensen IJ, Moller JM, Madsen OR, Pedersen SJ. Enthesitis in patients with psoriatic arthritis, axial spondyloarthritis and healthy subjects assessed by 'head-to-toe" whole-body MRI and clinical examination. Ann Rheum Dis 2015;74:823-9. [3] Mathew AJ, Krabbe S, Kirubakaran R, Barr AJ, Conaghan PG, Bird P, Østergaard M. Utility of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Diagnosis and Monitoring Enthesitis in Patients with Spondyloarthritis: An OMERACT Systematic Literature Review. J Rheumatol 2019. [4] Mathew AJ, Krabbe S, Eshed I, Gandjbakhch F, Bird P, Pedersen SJ, Stoenoiu MS, Foltz V, Glinatsi D, Lambert RG, Hermann KGA, Maksymowych WP, Haugen IK, Jaremko JL, Poggenborg RP, Paschke J, Laredo JD, Carron P, Conaghan PG, Østergaard M. The OMERACT MRI in Enthesitis Initiative: Definitions of Key Pathologies, Suggested MRI Sequences and Novel Heel Enthesitis Scoring System (HEMRIS). J Rheumatol 2019. Disclosure of Interests: Mikkel Ǿstergaard Grant/research support from: Abbvie, Celgene, Centocor, Merck, Novartis, Consultant for: Abbvie, BMS, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Celgene, Eli Lilly, Hospira, Janssen, Merck, Novartis, Novo, Orion, Pfizer, Regeneron, Roche, and UCB, Speakers bureau: Abbvie, BMS, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Celgene, Eli Lilly, Hospira, Janssen, Merck, Novartis, Novo, Orion, Pfizer, Regeneron, Roche, and UCB


To reduce the power consumption,the technology about cache low power was analysed,and a shared cache reconfigurable method in the multi-core processors(CMP) for low power was proposed.First,the cache reconfiguration necessity by the static reconfiguration was analysed; Then,the reconfigurable strategy during cache access was added.Result shows that the method can save about 18% energy consumption,while the performance decline is only 4%.


During last 30 years financial reporting faced the shifting of the measurement bases from traditional concept of historical costs towards fair value concept. Numerous critics stress their attention on the problem of fair value measurement as one of the major factors of current crisis. This paper summarizes pros and cons or this reporting base.


The structure of cytochrome c nitrite reductase from the bacterium Thioalkalivibrio nitratireducens was determined by cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) at a 2.56 Å resolution. Possible structural heterogeneity of the enzyme was assessed. The backbone and side-chain orientations in the cryo-EM-based model are, in general, similar to those in the high-resolution X-ray diffraction structure of this enzyme.


In Great East Japan Earthquake of 2011, debris entrained within the incoming tsunami waves was responsible for widespread infrastructure damage (Chock et al., 2011). The presence of debris within the inundating wave needs to be taken into consideration; however, few methodologies and tools exist to estimate debris hazards. Therefore, one option to evaluate the behavior of drifting debris is using numerical models. Currently, the particle method, which is a meshless analysis method, is expected to be utilized for analyzing the behavior of drifting objects (Goaseberg et al., 2017). However, the ability of models to properly capture the interaction between multiple drifting objects has not yet been verified. This study will be among the first to model drift behavior of multiple debris under tsunami-like conditions, using the DualSPHysics model suite.


An idea that was originally the brainchild of Britain's most successful businesswoman is now encouraging hundreds of young women from all parts of the world to come to London and train for positions involving managerial and executive responsibility. Margery Hurst, founder and joint chairman of the Brook Street Bureau, one of the largest recruitment agencies in the world with branches throughout Britain, Australia, America and Hong Kong, has dedicated herself to the belief that women deserve equality of opportunities. Ask Mrs. Hurst, who has found jobs for more than 2m. men and women since she opened her first branch in 1946, what she would most like to be remembered for, and she answers:


Protozoan parasites of the order Kinetoplastida include various species of the genera Leishmania and Trypanosoma that are responsible for substantial human morbidity and mortality in the tropics. Pathogenic Leishmania species cause a diverse group of diseases, collectively called leishmaniasis, that range in severity from spontaneously healing skin ulcers to fatal visceral disease. African and American trypanosomes cause fatal sleeping sickness and debilitating Chagas disease, respectively. More than a billion people live in areas inhabited by the insects that transmit these parasites, and millions of people are newly infected each year.


Serious constitutional problems arise when the contempt power of judges clashes with other compelling interests such as those of the First Amendment. The "collateral bar" rule--which requires that court orders, even those later determined to be unconstitutional, must be complied with until amended or vacated--in effect, calls for journalists either to accept almost certain conviction for contempt, or to obey the order, seek review, and forfeit, temporarily or permanently, the First Amendment rights they seek to exercise. Courts in various jurisdictions have looked at the same history of the collateral bar rule and the First Amendment, and come to different conclusions on how they ought to be balanced, resulting in inconsistency and confusion. United States versus "Privdence Journal" would have provided the first opportunity for the supreme Court to consider directly the applicability of the collateral bar rule in a case where an unconstitutional prior restraint order had been issued against a news organization. The effectiveness of the courts depends on their ability to have orders obeyed. But if an invalid order prevents the exercise of First Amendment rights, and the appeal cannot be heard before the circumstances require public dissemination, journalists must be able to challenge the order when appealing a contempt conviction. Such a collateral bar challenge shows no more disrespect for the law than an invalid court order restricting freedom of speech and press. (Two hundred thirteen notes are included.) (MS) *********************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied 'y EDRS are the best that can be made * * from tae original document. * ***********************************************************************


Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a heterogeneous group of neoplastic diseases of the hematopoietic cells manifested by ineffective hematopoiesis and a tendency to transform into acute myeloid leukemia. MDS should be considered in the differential diagnosis of cytopenia, especially in the elderly. This article presents the recommendations of MDS experts of the Polish Adult Leukemia Group (PALG) for the diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndromes. We present current classifications and prognostic indices, as well as diagnostic examinations recommended for MDS: cytological, histopathological, immunophenotypic, cytogenetic and molecular tests. The aim of the study is to imple-ment up-to-date knowledge about myelodysplastic syndromes into routine clinical practice, from the diagnosis of cytopenia to the specific diagnosis and prognosis in MDS patients.


Various oligosaccharides obtained by the hydrolysis of chitin, a β-(1,4)-linked polymer of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (2-acetamide2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose, GlcNAc), exhibit preventative effects against celiac disease, which is caused by gliadin-derived peptides.1 It was also confirmed that several disaccharides, consisting of D-galactopyranose (Gal) and GlcNAc, showed physiologically beneficial functions,2,3 which indicate that these chitin oligosaccharides are promising candidates as pharmaceuticals. Based on the hypothesis that other GlcNAccontaining oligosaccharides could also exhibit physiologically beneficial functions, our group has engaged in the production of various oligosaccharides, such as β-D-fructofuranosyl-(2→1)-βD-fructofuranosyl-(2↔1)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranoside4 and β-D-fructofuranosyl α-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→6)-2acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranoside.5 To accumulate the physicochemical and biochemical properties of various types of functional oligosaccharides, a novel oligosaccharide was synthesized from β-D-fructofuranosyl-(2↔1)-2-acetamido-2deoxy-α-D-glucopyranoside (SucNAc) and lactose (Lac) via transgalactosylation catalyzed by β-galactosidase [EC 220.127.116.11] of Aspergillus oryzae.6 Herein, we report on the X-ray crystal structure of β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-fructofuranosyl(2↔1)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranoside (1), which is a novel trisaccharide comprised of D-galactose, N-acetyl-Dglucosamine and D-fructose (Fig. 1). The crystal structure was compared with the solution structure using NMR spectroscopy. A colorless block crystal of 1, having approximate dimensions of 0.20 × 0.20 × 0.20 mm, was mounted in a loop. Data was collected at 138 K on a Rigaku R-AXIS RAPID imaging plate area detector with graphite-monochromated Mo Kα radiation. The structure was solved by direct methods and refined on F2 using all of the reflections. All of the nonhydrogen atoms were refined using the anisotropic atomic displacement parameters, and hydrogen atoms were inserted at the calculated positions using a riding model. The parameters for data collection and refinement are summarized in Table 1, and the crystal structure of 1 is shown in Fig. 2. C6 and its adjacent oxygen atoms of Gal (Fig. 1) were disordered. Both atoms, corresponding to C20/C21 and O16/O17 in Fig. 2, were determined to have 0.676:0.324 abundance. In the determination of four water molecules, one water molecule comprising O18 was refined including hydrogen atoms; the remaining three water molecules, O19/O22, O20/O23 and O21/O24, were disordered (Fig. 2). All disordered water molecules were determined to have 0.726:0.274 abundance. The distance between H5′ of GlcNAc and H4′′ of Fru was 2.63 Å in the crystal structure, and the corresponding NOE signal was observed by NMR spectroscopy (Fig. 3). These results indicated that the conformation of the GlcNAc-Fru moiety in the crystal structure was similar to that in the solution structure. The dihedral angles of 1 and sucrose (refcode 2017 © The Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry


Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a disease entity characterized by histopathological f indings of granuloma formation with giant cells in arterial walls. It causes dysfunction of several important organs secondary to stenosis or obstruction of the affected vasculature. We treated a 76 -year old woman who presented with trismus and facial pain during jaw movements. She additionally had marked fatigue and masticatory muscle pain, and her maximum jaw range of motion was 30 mm. Both superficial arteries were swollen. She also complained of visual impairment in that the lower part of her right visual field would darken for several seconds. After a biopsy of the superficial artery, she was given a histopathological diagnosis of GCA. She fulfilled the GCA diagnostic criteria established by the Ministry of Health of Japan, a specific disease research group, and the American Association of Rheumatology. Pulse steroid therapy was administered in the Department of Neurology, and her symptoms markedly improved. She has shown good progress since then.


Urbanization is strictly related to the participation of the population in the arrangement of the territory. The relationship between local authorities and the citizens serves as an index that determines the performance of the community in solving existing problems and is the main competence in assessing local competence. Participation of the population in the activity of spatial planning and urbanism is achieved through different methods, one of which would be the community spirit. Creating a community spirit is possible only in an atmosphere of mutual trust and commitment. The problem consists in the degree to which the participation of the citizens must be admitted for the formation of the development plans of the localities.


The Bank as the financial institution lending business activity must hold a selection process to filter out any loans that come in, so the loans do not become bad loans that could harm the bank. The purpose of this study is an analysis of bank financial statements and reports profit / loss ratio analysis, so the bank can determine and evaluate the financial statements of borrowers to take lending decisions. The analytical method used is descriptive analysis by comparing the performance of companies in the form of the financial statements of banks for 3 years and ratio analysis as one of the basic components for determining the credit decision. It can be concluded that in the liquidity of the years 2012-2014, the Current Ratio and Quick Ratio increased, while Cash and Inventory Ratio to Net Working Capital (NWC) has decreased. Solvency level of the 2012-2014 Debt to Assets Ratio and Debt to Equity Ratio decreased, while Primary rose. The level of profitability from the years 2012-2014 Return on Investmen (ROI) increased, while the Return on Equity (ROE) of 2012-2013 has decreased years 2013-2014 has increased. The results showes BPR no longer able to provide credit, unless there is additional capital from the owners of the bank. Keyword : liquidity ratio, solvability ratio, profitability ratio


List of contributors Preface List of abbreviations 1. Overview of blood stem cell transplants R. P. Gale, P. Henon and C. A. Juttner Part I. Concepts: 2. History of blood stem cell transplants M. Korbling and T. M. Fliedner 3. Stem and progenitor cells in the blood C. J. Eaves and A. C. Eaves 4. Isolating stem and progenitor cells W. Bensinger 5. Growth factors and blood stem cells D. W. Maher, W. P. Sheridan and A. M. Gianni 6. Mobilizing and collecting blood stem cells L. B. To 7. Minimal residual disease and blood stem cell transplants J. G. Sharp and A. Kessinger 8. Blood versus bone marrow transplants M. Korbling, C. Juttner, P. Henon and A. Kessinger Part II. Clinical Trials: 9. Blood stem cell transplants in acute leukemia C. A. Juttner 10. Blood stem cell transplants in chronic myelogenous leukemia C. Hoyle and J. M. Goldman 11. Blood stem cell transplants in lymphomas A. Kessinger and J. O. Armitage 12. Blood stem cell transplants in breast cancer K. H. Antman 13. Blood stem cell transplants in myeloma B. Barlogie, J. -P. Fermand, P. Henon, J. Reiffers and S. Jagannath Part III. Summary: 14. Blood stem cell transplants: current state future directions C. A. Juttner, P. Henon and R. P. Gale Index.


Recommended Citation Bing-You, Robert; Hayes, Victoria; Palka, Tamara; Ford, Marybeth; and Trowbridge, Robert (2022) "Desperately Seeking Feedback: a phenomenographic study of medical students' experiences during a 4-year longitudinal feedback curriculum," Journal of Maine Medical Center: Vol. 4 : Iss. 1 , Article 3. Available at: https://knowledgeconnection.mainehealth.org/jmmc/vol4/iss1/3 https://doi.org/10.46804/ 2641-2225.1101


Topological defects in materials present unique opportunities for nanoelectronics, as they allow us to harness new functionalities unavailable in the pristine bulk. However, their study in layered ...


Theaimofthis workistopropose aframework for providing QoSrouting inMANETs.Theproposed framework useslocal information ofnodessuchasnode's speed, buffer, and powerto select pathforrouting. Deploying these information, morestable pathsareselected andhenceQoS routing parametercouldbe satisfied. Moreover, routing performance hasbeenimproved, especially intermsofend-to- enddelay. Theproposed framework performs inadistributed fashion andusesonlylocal information ofnodes, soitdoesnot generate anyadditional packets anddoesnotimposeany overhead onnetwork. We provide somesimulation results to showtheefficiency oftheframework. Keywords-QoS; MobileAd hocNetwork; Speed;buffer; prediction


Examined here are the effects of motor dynamics and secondary piezoceramic actuators on vibration suppression during the slewing of flexible structures. The approach focuses on the interaction between the structure, the actuators, and the choice of control law. The results presented here are all simulated, but are based on experimentally determined parameters for the motor, structure, piezoceramic actuators, and piezofilm sensors. The simulation results clearly illustrate that the choice of motor inertia relative to beam inertia makes a critical difference in the performance of the system. In addition, the use of secondary piezoelectric actuators reduces the load requirements on the motor and also reduces the overshoot of the tip deflection. The structures considered here are a beam and a frame. The majority of results are based on a Euler Bernoulli beam model. The slewing frame introduces substantial torsional modes and a more realistic model. The slewing frame results are incomplete and represent work in progress.


Abstract By application of a strong constant voltage a semiconductor wafer may produce-current oscillations or instabilities. This paper gives a small-signal analysis of a one-carrier semiconductor, assuming the equilibrium solution constant in space and time. The dispersion equation yields one electromagnetic mode and one carrier mode which are stable if the differential conductivity is positive. Both modes may co-exist in a wafer of the semiconductor. The amplitude ratio and phase difference between the two modes are represented by the complex parameter Ac/Ac , which depends on the boundary conditions. The natural resonance frequencies (which, generally, are complex) depend both on Ac/Ac and on the external load. For the short-circuit case, stability criteria involving Ac/Ac are developed. It is found that some of the rosonances may be unstable even if the differential conductivity is positive. For most of the discussed cases, however, unstable resonances require a vanishingly small differential conduct...


BACKGROUND:
Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by a loss on bone mineral density and there is micro- architectural deterioration in bone tissue leading to fracture. Dental radiographs are the most frequently used imaging modalities for teeth and jaw pathology.
AIM OF THE STUDY:
The aim of this study were to review the role of panoramic radiograph in routine dental treatment for an initial evaluation of osteoporosis and to discuss the reliability and accuracy of reported panoramic indices.
METHODOLOGY:
We present to the dental society the Klemetti index (Mandibular cortical index- MCI). In this technique the inferior cortex both sides of the mandible, distal to the foramen mentale, is classified into three groups, according to the mandibular bone thickness, shape and porosity.
C1- normal cortex- the endosteal margin of the cortex is even and sharp on both sides.
C2- mildly to moderately eroded cortex, the endosteal margin has resorptive cavities with cortical residues one to three layers thick on one or both sides.
C3- Severely eroded cortex, the cortical layer forms endosteal cortical residues and is clearly porous.
Patients having positive findings related to MCI should be evaluated further for potential risk of osteoporosis and were referred to a medical specialist for densitometry.
RESULTS:
Based on the OPG findings bone, the sample was classified into C1 (n=20), C2 (n=20) and C3 (n=20) groups. Statistically significant differences were found for mean Mental index (p=0.000), mean Panoramic Mandibular Index (p=0.001). The sensitivity (100%) and specificity (88.88%) of MCI showed good results.
CONCLUSION:
In conclusion, valuation of mandibular cortical index (thickness and shape of inferior cortex of mandible), measuredfrom panoramic radiography was a simple technique inosteoporosis screeming of dental patients, giving themaximum benefit of being radiographed.


The Temperley--Lieb algebra is a finite dimensional associative algebra that arose in the context of statistical mechanics and occurs naturally as a quotient of the Hecke algebra arising from a Coxeter group of type $A$. It is often realized in terms of a certain diagram algebra, where every diagram can be written as a product of "simple diagrams." These factorizations correspond precisely to factorizations of the so-called fully commutative elements of the Coxeter group that index a particular basis. Given a reduced factorization of a fully commutative element, it is straightforward to construct the corresponding diagram. On the other hand, it is generally difficult to reconstruct the factorization given an arbitrary diagram. We present an efficient algorithm for obtaining a reduced factorization for a given diagram.


This paper deals with the problem of adaptive AR estimation from incomplete observations. The method is based on the optimization of a weighted squared error criterion. Various approximates of this criterion lead to different algorithms. The formal description of these algorithms are given and their performances in stationary and non-stationary environments are compared.


Eleven patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus, previously untreated, were studied to 1) determine the acute effect of corticosteroids on circulating immune complex (CIC) levels and 2) correlate the initial CIC profile with the development of organ system involvement. Using serial measurements of CIC as detected by assays for cryoglobulins and binding to C1q, Raji cells, and rheumatoid factor, we found that levels of CIC change little during the first month of high dose daily steroid therapy, but they uniformly decrease to near normal by 6 to 12 months. High levels of CIC detected by Raji cell assay early in the course of systemic lupus erythematosus and before steroid therapy appear to be predictive of the development of chronic lupus nephritis (P less than 0.005).


The energy dependent transport equation for X- and gamma radiation in a uniform medium is formulated. This medium contains trace amounts of an isotopic species capable of absorbing and emitting gamma radiation resonantly thanks to the Mossbauer effect. This equation is solved exactly for the case of an infinite medium and approximately for the case of a flat foil. These results are applied to the case of a radiactive Co-57 Mossbauer source in a metallic matrix to determine the spectral characteristics of self-absorption in the source matrix.


N-2-aryl-1,2,3-triazole derivatives were synthesized as new ligand systems for the construction of photoluminescent active metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). Crystal structures revealed that the five-membered triazoles show an unsymmetrical conformation with the two C4,C5-substituted benzenes adopting a "twisted-planar" geometry. As a result, a MOF constructed from this ligand exhibited cross-layer interactions with improved water stability (at 100 °C for 24 hours). Furthermore, enhanced photoluminescence emissions were observed upon the formation of MOF structures (Φ up to 30%), suggesting the potential applications of these photoactive porous materials through this new ligand design.


Aim: to determine the possibilities of modern multislice computed tomography in the preoperative planning of a rational variant of surgical access to the adrenal gland with a tumor. Materials and methods: the results of the examination and treatment of 1196 patients with surgical diseases of the adrenal glands (AG) were studied. The virtual-figurative design of a rational variant of surgical access to AG with a tumor was carried out in 362 patients after evaluating the features of their topographic-anatomical location according to CT-scan. The criterion for the inclusion of patients in the study was the ability to perform after 2013 multislice computed tomography (MSCT) with intravenous contrast on the modern installation Aquillion 64 (Toshiba, Japan) and subsequent post-processing of images with the construction of multiplane and 3D reconstructions. Results: studying the features of the topographic-anatomical location of AGs with a tumor using MSCT allowed us to form a virtual-figurative perception of their syntopy in 362 patients and to design options for access to perform adrenalectomy (AE): retroperitoneoscopic (n = 303), laparoscopic (n = 25), thoracophrenotomy ( n = 30), thoracophrenolaparotomic (n = 5). 363 surgical interventions were performed for 362 patients. A single-sided retroperitoneoscopic AE for pheochromocytoma was performed in 1 patient. Reliable CT criteria were determined that affect the duration and safety of the above-mentioned accesses performed by AEs. It has been established that when designing access to the right AG, it is necessary to consider: the diameter of the neoplasm; the location of the AG with a tumor relative to the inferior vena cava and the lower right hepatic vein; contact with vessels in the gate of the kidney, as well as the presence of additional central veins AG. The determining factors in planning access to the left AG are: neoplasm diameter, contact with vessels in the gate of the kidney and splenic vessels, location in the aorto-renal vascular triangle. It was established that retroperitoneoscopic AE, performed in 83.7% of patients with AG tumors with a diameter of ≤ 8 cm, is an operation of choice. Laparoscopic access remains relevant only when the right-sided localization of an AG tumor with a diameter of up to 8 cm and planning simultaneous surgical interventions on the abdominal organs in individuals of a brachymorphic physique (8.3%). Open approaches are shown in benign lesions of the AG more than 8 cm in diameter, generalized forms of adrenocortical cancer (ACC) (T3-4N0-2M0-1), malignant paragangliomas with signs of invasion or distant metastasis (n = 9.7%). Conclusions: multispiral computed tomography allows, before the operation, to carry out adequate planning of the safest surgical access for adrenalectomy, avoiding the development of intra- and postoperative complications, minimizing operative trauma, shortening the operating time, and speeding up the medical and social rehabilitation of patients.


In times of globalization and societal change on the topic of working remotely, virtual collaboration of project teams has a high relevance. The continuous improvement of advanced information technology makes it possible to work globally distributed and in home office. This paper focuses on the usage of communication tools to support leadership behaviors and on the behavior's requirements of media richness and media synchronicity. Managers (N=10) name in qualitative interviews communication tools, they are using for the communication with their employees concerning different leadership topics. These tools are classified in a theoretical model of leadership behavior. Building upon these results, a second study with project managers (N=75) who work in virtual teams rate these communication tools according to their usage for different leadership behaviors. Results show, that the demand on advanced information technology and their media richness and media synchronicity depends on the displayed leadership behavior. The results give implications for future investigations on the role of communication tools for the leadership of virtual teams.


World-systems theory has recognised that local histories of how labour has been configured in particular (racialised) contexts cannot grasp the ways in which these histories form part of the capitalist world-system. But, in pursuing world-historical analyses of racially subordinate labour, there is also a danger of ignoring what is historically specific about such labour. Focusing on the affinities between Cedric Robinson's work, particularly in Black Marxism, and that of Terence K. Hopkins in the late 1970s and early 1980s points to ways in which this challenge can be overcome.


Cystic fibrosis patients endure serious lung infection caused by colonisation and persistent infection by a wide range of pathogens, most commonly Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA). One of the factors that facilitates establishment of chronic lung infection is formation of biofilms which are structures resistant to antimicrobial drugs and immune attack. Biofilms are embedded within extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) that maintains the structure of biofilms. PA produces two important polysaccharides Pel and Psl, which have been implicated in promoting biofilm development and biofilm maintenance, respectively, as well as cell aggregation . To the best of our knowledge, there has not been any study showing the presence of specific immune receptors for the recognition of PA biofilms. C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) are pathogen-recognition receptors that contribute to the recognition of infectious agents through the detection of carbohydrates moieties representing a subset of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs).

We hypothesized that CLRs such as DC-SIGN (CD209) and mannose receptor (MR) (CD206) could play a crucial role in the immune recognition of PA biofilms through the binding to different carbohydrate-containing components. Investigating the CLR-PA cross-talk and the response of immune cells expressing CLRs to different PA components could lead to a novel strategy to eradicate infections. The main aim of this thesis is to determine the capability of CLRs, particularly MR and DC-SIGN, to interact with PA biofilms.

We have shown that CTLD4-7, a region of MR, and DC-SIGN bind to PA biofilms with DC-SIGN binding significantly better than MR. Both lectins also recognised several independent preparations of EPS lacking Pel. Surprisingly, we found that DC-SIGN also binds to planktonic PA in the absence of Psl and Pel which indicates that DC-SIGN could recognize non-EPS carbohydrate-containing ligands in the bacteria. Further investigation unveiled that DC-SIGN requires the presence of the common polysaccharide antigen (CPA) which is shared among all PA serotypes to bind planktonic cells. These results indicate that CPA is a candidate ligand for DC-SIGN in PA. To determine the significance of these findings, assays incubating human dendritic cells with purified EPS and planktonic PA were performed but no definitive conclusion could be drawn.

These findings shed light on the potential impact of PA Psl and CPA-LPS on the recognition of PA by immune cells expressing CLRs and might open new avenues for therapeutic approaches.


Abstract The effect of 2-substitutions (NH2 . O, CH3O, CI. Br) in 3-methylquinoxalines on the fluorescence and phosphorescence band position and intensity at 293 K, and the temperature dependence of their fluorescence and phosphorescence quantum yields were investigated in polyvinyl alcohol) films


Inkjet printing of TiO 2 potentially offers a high degree of control over the deposition of TiO 2 suspensions. Previous use of inkjet printing for TiO 2 depositions have focused on producing TiO 2 films with uniform density. A multi-ink printing system offers the possibility of depositing TiO 2 films with variable density using a single deposition method. For this research, inkjet printing of TiO 2 films with a graded density profile was explored as a means of improving dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) performance. Varying pore volume as a means to produce density variations in TiO 2 layers was explored. To control the pore volume, several TiO 2 suspensions were developed with different pore-forming additives. DSSCs with printed TiO 2 films having three density layers showed an average improvement in the conversion efficiency of 127% versus those with a single layer and 45% versus those with dual- layer TiO 2 . Short-circuit current densities of cells with tri-layer films increased an average of 62% over those with a single layer and 17% over those with dual-layer TiO 2 . It was also shown that DSSCs with inkjet printed TiO 2 layers performed better than those with spin-coated TiO 2 layers. The results effectively demonstrated the potential for using inkjet printing as a sole deposition method to produce TiO 2 films with non-uniform density leading to improved DSSC performance. One possibility for further study is to create further layer variations through simultaneous printing of different suspensions.


To promote the integration of culture and tourism is an important topic for the prosperity of cultural tourism in Henan Province. In this paper, VAR model is constructed, and other empirical analysis of the interaction between cultural industry development and tourism economic growth in Henan Province is analyzed by means of cointegration test, Granger causality test, impulse response function and variance analysis. The results show that a long-term stable equilibrium relationship exists between the development of cultural industry and tourism economy in Henan Province, and there is a two-way Granger causality, which is positively correlated, especially, the development of cultural industry has a more significant impact on the growth of tourism economy.


ABSTRACT The International Baccalaureate (IB) is a secular educational franchise, educating the globally advantaged and potential future leaders. Drawing on Bourdieu, this article involves original interpretivist research, reviewing data surrounding the international IB school and its educational leadership. It presents findings pertinent to the remarkable pervasiveness of Christianity and Christian values in the orientation of IB directors in a Western European context. IB directors foreground Christianity in their make-up. In the fluid global market-place of IB schools, consistency is rare, and highly valued. Through Bourdieu, IB directors emerge as islands, with relative freedom from the State. They lead a secular school, with an implicit Christian orientation. The IB purposefully pluralises the culture of the IB experience through the IB learner Profile (IBLP). In the main, IB school leadership rejects the operational consistency of the IBLP and embraces pluralism through the consistency of Christianity. The international school is an incubator for Anglo Christian values providing cultural laundering, ontologically tied to the imperial gaze in this globalised neo-liberal schooling context: the international gaze.


Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of different potassium dosages on potassium absorption,distribution and yield of maize in high(Yushu City) and low(Gongzhuling City) fertility soils in Jilin Province.The results showed that potassium dosages of 83.3 kg(K2O)·hm 2and 113.9 kg(K2O)·hm-2 produced the highest maize yields while potassium dosages of 75.1 kg(K2O)·hm-2 and 103.1 kg(K2O)·hm-2 were most economic for Gongzhuling and Yushu,respectively.The highest and optimum economic yields for Gongzhuling respectively increased by 3.70% and 3.68% compared with Yushu.Potassium fertilizer application effectively improved maximum potassium absorption and dry matter accumulation rates of maize.It also caused maximum dry matter accumulation and potassium absorption rate to occur early during the growth season.When potassium dose exceeded 60 kg(K2O)·hm-2,maximum dry matter accumulation and potassium uptake rates in Gongzhuling were higher than those in Yushu.Appropriate dosage favored high translocation(rate and amount) of potassium from vegetative organs to grain and also increased grain nutrient efficiency ratio.Grain nutrient ratio in Yushu was less than that in Gongzhuling by 0.5% 1.7%.Except potassium fertilizer treatment of 60 kg(K2O)·hm-2,the agronomic efficiency of potassium,partial factor productivity of potassium and recovery efficiency of potassium in Gongzhuling were higher than those in Yushu by 7.3 8.8 kg·kg-1,4.4 8.3 kg·kg-1,1.6% 6.2%,respectively.To improve maize yield along with the benefits and use efficiency of potassium,the recommended optimum potassium dosages for Yushu(high soil fertility) and Gongzhuling(low soil fertility) areas were 75 kg(K2O)·hm-2and 103 kg(K2O)·hm-2,respectively.


Cell Communication plays a pivotal role in transmitting information from one cell to another. Cells may receive a variety of signals like chemical signals, electromagnetic signals, and mechanical signals. Connexons of two cells come together to form a channel, only 1.5 nm wide i.e too small for proteins, but wide enough for signaling molecules. Communication process involves Reception and transduction. Response occur when transduced signal triggers a specific cellular activity. Ion channels are pore-forming proteins that help establish and control the small voltage gradient across the plasma membrane of cells by allowing the flow of ions down their electrochemical gradient. Ion channels are key components in a wide variety of biological processes that involve rapid changes in cells, such as cardiac, skeletal, and smooth muscle contraction, epithelial transport of nutrients and ions, T-cell activation and pancreatic beta-cell insulin release. Also in new drug discovery, ion channels are a frequent target.


Executive Summary.Real estate market analysis begins with the correct spatial delineation of the geographic market trade area. The less accurate the spatial delineation, the greater the error introduced into subsequent analysis such as calculation of competitive supply, demand, and absorption. Advancements in geospatial technology provide for greater ease of execution of traditional methods of calculation of market areas; however, trade area estimation methods have not changed along with advancements in geospatial technology. This paper discusses the gap between geospatial technological advances and analysts' needs for improved accuracy in spatially delineating trade areas. The solution requires a software interface that integrates complex statistical analysis with geospatial manipulation and visualization of geographic data. The algorithm is a composite of traditional methods and in that manner remains intuitive to decision makers.