The goal of our research is to compare novel semantic techniques for identifying implicit links between utterances in multi-participant CSCL chat conversations. Cohesion, reflected by the strength of the semantic relations behind the automatically identified links, is assessed using WordNet-based semantic distances, as well as unsupervised semantic models, i.e. Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) and Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA). The analysis is built on top of the ReaderBench framework and multiple identification heuristics were compared, including: semantic cohesion metrics, normalized cohesion measures and Mihalcea's formula. A corpus of 55 conversations in which participants used explicit links between utterances where they considered necessary for clarity was used for validation. Our study represents an in-depth analysis of multiple methods used to identify implicit links and reveals the accuracy of each technique in terms of capturing the explicit references made by users. Statistical similarity measures ensured the best overall identification accuracy when using Mihalcea's formula, while WordNet-based techniques provided best results for un-normalized similarity scores applied on a window of 5 utterances and a time frame of 1 minute.


The work discusses the qualitative nature of phase transitions for metastable states of substances. The objects of the physics of condensed media are primarily the equilibrium states of substances with metastable phases viewed as an exception, while in chemistry the overwhelming majority of organic substances under investigation are metastable. It turns out that at normal pressure many simple molecular compounds based on light elements (these include: most hydrocarbons; nitrogen oxides, hydrates, and carbides; carbon oxide (CO); alcohols, glycerin) are metastable substances too, i.e. they do not match the Gibbs free energy minimum for a given atomic chemical composition. At moderate temperatures and pressures, the phase transitions for particular metastable phases are reversible throughout the entire experimentally accessible time period with the equilibrium thermodynamics laws obeyed. At sufficiently high pressures (1–10 GPa), most molecular phases irreversibly transform to more energy efficient polymerized phases. These transformations are not consistent with the equality of the Gibbs free energies between the phases before and after transition, i.e. they are not phase transitions in the 'classical' meaning. The resulting polymeric phases at normal pressure can exist at temperatures above the melting one for an initial metastable molecular phase. Striking examples of such polymers are polyethylene and a polymerized modification of CO. Many energy-intermediate polymeric phases can apparently be synthesized by the 'classical' chemistry techniques at normal pressure. At higher pressures (10–100 GPa) polymerized modifications transform to a mixture of simple stable phases.


FORMATION AND DEGRADATION IN NORTHERN KUWAIT by RACHEL ROSE ROTZ (Under the Direction of Adam Milewski) ABSTRACT Renewable freshwater resources in Kuwait exist as inland lenses and serve as an emergency resource in the northern Raudhatain and Umm Al-Aish basins. Recent studies suggest the inland lenses across the Arabian Peninsula are more numerous than believed. Specific geologic and hydrologic conditions are requisite for the formation and sustainability of these resources. Investigations into lens geometry as a function of recharge are needed to assess the amount of available freshwater. This study uses a physical model to examine differences between inland and oceanic island lens geometry (i.e. thickness, length), as well as the effect of recharge rate on lens formation and degradation. Results demonstrate inland lenses are thinner and longer than oceanic island lenses, are correlated to recharge rate, extend laterally, and degrade through time. The proper management and estimation of known reserves and development of new resources depend on understanding inland freshwater lens dynamics.


Xylanase-producing strain C34 was mutated by #gamma#-radiation and DES, then a strain named C3486, high xylanase-producing, was obtained. The optimum conditions for Aspergillus niger C3486 to produce xylanase through solid state fermentation were explored.The optimum conditions are listed as follow:the proportion of wheat bran to corncob was 7∶3,the nitrogen source was 1.5% (NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4) and 15 g media were filled in 250 mL flask with medium nature pH, 72 h culture time, 40 ℃ culture temperature. Under the optimum condions, C3486 was able to accumulate an average of 23870 U/g of xylanase, and the enlarged assay showed that it could produce an average of 18 260 U/g of xylanase.


Present study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of Salmonella, for which a total of 597 samples comprising poultry droppings (400), intestinal contents of necropsied birds (60) and cattle dung (137) were collected from various locations in -and -around Pantnagar and analyzed for the presence of Salmonella species. A total of 8 isolates were recovered from different faecal samples and serotypes identified as Salmonella Typhimurium, S. Bsilla, S. Virchow and S. Enteritidis. The overall prevalence of Salmonellae was 1.52% in poultry (0.75% in poultry droppings and 6.66% in intestinal contents of necropsied birds) and 0.72% in cattle. Confirmed isolates were further analyzed by PCR where amplification of a 449 bp fragment of invasive sipA gene was evident in all the 8 serovars, suggestive that these isolates possessed invasive property. The results obtained in this study indicated serovars Salmonella Typhimurium, S. Bsilla and S. Virchow confining to the poultry population while S. Enteritidis among cattle.


Objective To study the effect of ropivacaine on ion channels in isolated ventricular myocytes Methods Single ventricular cell of guinea pig was obtained by an enzymatic dissociation method The whole cell configuration of the patch clamp recording technique was used to record the changes of sodium current(INa),L type calcium current(ICa L), delayed rectifying K + current(IK) and inward rectifying K + current(IK 1) following the administration of ropivacaine at 50μmol L 1 and 100μmol L 1 Results Ropivacaine reduced the amplitude of INa and ICa L in a dose dependent manner INa and ICa L were decreased by 36 8% and 7 86% respectively after administration of 50μmol L 1 ripovacaine Ropivacaine 100μmol L 1 decreased the amplitude of INa and ICa L by 66 1% and 23 13% Ropivacaine 100μmol L 1 did not change the amplitudeof IK and IK 1 (P0 05) Conclusion The cardiotoxicity of ropivacaine is related to the inhibition of sodium and calcium channels


In wind tunnel testing, the test model is usually mounted by an axially supported beam inserted at the rear. The whole structure of the test model and the support is flexible with low natural frequencies. In transonic testing with a large angle of attack, the low-frequency pulsating pressure by airflow can easily cause the pitching vibration of the model with low frequency and large amplitude, which can lead to poor accuracy of measurement and fatigue damage of the test device. In this article, a FEM model is established for the transonic wind-tunnel testing model with its rear supported by a beam. Using balancing and modal truncation methods, the order of the model can be reduced. According to the feature of low-dimension, low-order and flexible structure of the model, an H∞ robust control method is used to fulfill the active vibration suppression of the low-frequency pitching vibration of the model. Simulation and analysis show that this active vibration suppression strategy is applicable and efficient, and has practical significance for the analysis of large complex flexible structures.


Enrico Crivellato and Domenico Ribatti (2007) are to be congratulated for their recent article with their excellent historical description regarding Aristotle's portrait. We thought it would be of interest to bring some additional observations to the attention of the authors. The word ''arteria'' (artery) means ''air containing'' in Greek and is derived from arteria: ''aer'' (air) and terein (to keep) according to English language dictionaries such as American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language. However, if one consults a Latin dictionary such as Casell's Latin Dictionary, one discovers that the first meaning of arteria is ''the wind-pipe'' and that the second meaning is ''an artery.'' Erasistratus of Alexandria (300 B.C.), who discovered that the heart is a pump, thought that the arteria aspera (''the rough wind pipe,'' Latin) communicated via small bronchi with the left part of the heart. Interestingly, the terms ''arteria'' and ''bronchos'' seem to have been originally homonymous (Harris, 1973). However, in the section of the respiratory system the word ''trachea'' is translated as ''arteria,'' which is erroneous. The ancient and modern translation of the word ''trachea'' is ''trachea,'' which means a rough wind pipe, whereas bronchos, as well as arteria, means wind-pipe. The first person to correctly distinguish between the types of blood vessels was Praxagoras of Kos in 330 B.C. (Harris, 1973). The anatomical difference between the two kinds of blood vessels would later be described by Herophilus of Alexandria (Loukas et al., 2007a). Other authors contend that the distinction between arteries and veins was made by Euryphon, an earlier contemporary of Hippocrates (Harris, 1973). We agree with Crivellato and Ribatti that the word ''arteria'' is found in the Hippocratic treatise on Fleshes, but we feel that more sources in the literature regarding earlier description of the word artery exist and warrant mention. Since Aristotle dissected mostly non-human hearts, his descriptions regarding abundant tendons are not limited to chordae tendinae. False tendons are abundant in the left ventricle of other animals in much greater number than in human hearts (Loukas et al., 2007b). It is very much possible that normal chordae tendinae, in addition to false tendons, gave Aristotle such an impression. According to Van Praagh and Van Praagh (1983) Aristotle did not commit an elementary blunder in his description of the normal human heart, as has been said and implied so often over the past 2000 years. In the third century B.C. all cardiac chambers were called ''ventricles,'' meaning cavities. The atria (small halls or small rooms) or auricles (ears) were distinguished from ventricles by Herophilus of Alexandria (300 B.C.) and by Rufus of Ephesus (a contemporary of Jesus Christ). Interestingly, according to William Harvey, the reason that Aristotle erroneously thought that the human has three ventricles is that the left ventricle can easily appear to consist of two chambers, a conical chamber within the mitral leaflets and another chamber outside the mitral leaflets. Adding the right ventricle, one could erroneously conclude that the normal heart has three ventricles, this being Harvey's interpretation of Aristotle's curious ''error'' (Harvey's chapter XVI). Thus, Aristotle's term ventricle meant ''cavity'' not ventricle in the modern sense. Aristotle described that normal human heart has three ''cavities,'' not three ventricles with the present meaning of this term. The authors would like to express their gratitude to Crivellato and Ribatti for publishing such an excellent paper in Clinical Anatomy. Such papers are interesting from an educational and research point of view. More importantly, such papers further stimulate research and more discussion among anatomists which makes them so valuable to the reader.


This article makes a verifying research on the evolution of labor share in primary distribution of China from the angle of sector structure.Through processing data of physical transaction in flows-of-funds,we find the increasing of labor share is contributed by loose development environment for individual economy and household economy from 1993 to 1999.The labor share in the period of 1999~2002 is basically stable,but the labor share of the household sector increases lower,with which of financial sector increasing quickly.The labor share decreases rapidly from 2002 to 2008,which is due to increasing labor supply with decreasing wages bargaining power,policy bias to non-financial enterprise and financial sector,and government investment increasing rapidly.


Class I-b genes constitute the majority of MHC class I loci. These mono morphic or oligomorphic molecules have been described in many organisms; they are best characterized in the mouse, which contains a substantial number of potentially intact genes. Two main characteristics differentiate class I-b from class I-a molecules: limited polymorphism and lower cell surf ace expression. These distinguishing features suggest possible general izations regarding the evolution and function of this class. Additionally, class I-b proteins tend to have shorter cytoplasmic domains or in some cases may be secreted or may substitute a lipid anchor for the trans membrane domain. Some are also expressed in a limited distribution of cells or tissues. At least six mouse MHC class I-b molecules have been shown to present antigens to r:x.f3 or yfJ T cells. Recent advances have provided insight into the physiological function ofH-2M3" and have defined the natural peptide binding motif of Qa-2. In addition, significant progress has been made toward better understanding of other class I-b molecules, including Qa-l ,


Hu Zhengzhi is considered as the only Chinese journalist in the reporting of the Paris Peace Con- ference of 1918 by most researchers.However,the article holds different points that the Conference is not re- ported by the only one,but a group of Chinese reporters.


Across the globe, many national telecommunications infrastructures are at a crossroads. Incumbent suppliers are increasingly relying on off-shore component sourcing, while new suppliers — some from countries with strong geopolitical tensions — have taken significant actions to position themselves to be major suppliers to various nations' telecommunications operators. Collectively, these factors have brought a sharp focus to the need for a more in-depth review of the integrity of national telecommunications infrastructures and the supporting foreign product supply chains. This paper delineates the above factors and their related risk implications for national and global communications infrastructures. In doing so, the paper reflects an enhanced risk management model and process Telcordia has developed that accommodates both government and private sector issues and builds upon current security practices.


The progress of computer-aid-diagnosis system for ultrasound breast lesions reaches tremendous success in the past few years. However, conventional deep learning-based strategies in recent developments still have challenges particularly in characterizing tumor domain in ultrasound images due to the heterogeneous and complex variations of lesions along with similar intensity exhibited in target object. To address this, this work proposes a discrete wavelet coefficient-based embeddable branch that allows to additionally propagate geometrical features of tumors in an end-to-end trainable fashion. To be elaborate, such branch priorly enforce the wavelet pooling operation to select a certain coefficient to further collect gradient information of target domain. Further, the current work also investigates two different preprocessing strategies in which the internal and external gradients of lesion areas can be emphasized within the transformation. Thus, we examine the effects of the proposed method based on different preprocessing scenarios. To verify the usefulness, GradCam projection, and the cross-validation demonstrate the connection of the proposed branch encourages the importance of target features, thus boosting the overall discrimination between lesion groups. Lastly, the proposed branch can be easily incorporated with existing deep learning-based architectures.


This study extends prior Balanced Scorecard (BSC) research by examining the role of rational (cognitive) and non-rational (political power) aspect on both BSC-based performance measurement and resource allocation decision making in public sector organization. We conduct an experiment using 70 undergraduate accounting students at a large public university in Bali Province asked to assume the role of a governmental auditor whose task was to evaluate the performance of two departments in a fictitious local government in Indonesia. Participants were then requested to make recommendation about how additional bonus should be allocated to the departments. As the result, we find that cognitive aspect do have impact on performance evaluation, but not in bonus allocation, decision making. Meanwhile, political power appears to have significant effect on the resource allocation decisions based on BSC mechanism. However, it can't be hold in performance evaluation judgement. Hence, the findings allow concluding that the process of performances measurement in public sector is more rational than resources allocation ones.


The aim of this paper is to take a broader and integrative perspective of university-industry knowledge transfer policies by providing new empirical insights on the diversity of university-industry knowledge interactions. More in particular, we argue and show in this paper that in order to improve the relevance and effectiveness of technology transfer policies, a more refined empirical understanding of how it operates and how it varies with one or more relevant contingencies is required. Therefore, we analyze diversity both from a disciplinary perspective (the dominant way in which academia is organized) and a sectoral perspective (the dominant way in which industry is organized), using original empirical data. The data is developed in two related questionnaires, one aimed at university researchers and one at industry researchers. We will contrast these findings with the outcomes of a case study on Dutch technology transfer policies over the last two decades. Based on our new empirical data we will assess its effectiveness across the various technologies. We also present a policy discussion based on a comparison of the empirical data with the existing policies and policy instruments in the Netherlands. Overall, we conclude that policy should also reflect the diversity of academic disciplinary patterns of knowledge transfer. Furthermore, we recommend creating incentives, through policy instruments and governance by technology transfer indicators, which stimulate more varied and differentiated technology transfer behavior of universities.


Objective To observe the content of D-Dimmer and FIB in COPD combined with T2DM patients.To investigate the changes of coagulation and filament dissolve function in COPD combined with T2DM.Methods We collected 25 COPD combined with T2DM patients,25 COPD only patients and 25 normal health people to examinate the content of D-Dimer and FIB.Results The content of D-Dimer and FIB in COPD combined with T2DM group compared with that of normal health group showing,The content of D-Dimer and FIB in COPD combined with T2DM group was distenctly higher than that of COPD only group.Conclusion There is balance more disorder between coagulation and filament dissolve system among COPD combined with T2DM patients,the test of D-Dimer and FIB has the vital clinical significance to the development and treatment of COPD combined with T2DM patients.


Abstract Background Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic control measures actively involved people who were called to adopt new and unusual lifestyles. In this context, children had to stay home from school for weeks, had to adapt to new teaching methods and give up socializing. In many countries, not much attention was paid to the educational sector, and, ultimately, to children's physical and psychological well-being. Objectives In this context, we developed an innovative health education audio-visual model to teach children about public health, empower them to adopt preventive behaviours and limit the risk of infection transmission in schools and in the community. Results We designed and produced the animated cartoon series "Leo&Giulia" to convey solid scientific content and key public health messages related to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic to primary school-aged children. Contents and dialogues were validated by a scientific committee composed of experts in the fields of public health, paediatrics, infectious diseases, and neuroscience, as well as communication experts. The first episode of Leo&Giulia focused on COVID-19 and explained to children what SARS-CoV2 was, its transmission and why schools were closed. Endorsed by the European Commission, it was broadcasted by national public and private television channels and went viral on social media. The second episode of Leo&Giulia, funded by the Italian Ministry of Research, was launched in April 2022 and focused on vaccines and immunization explaining to children how vaccines work and why herd immunity is important for collective health. Conclusions Leo&Giulia is an innovative health education project to help children to better understand how to cope with COVID-19 as a public health challenge. More broadly, the series aims to increase youth engagement by promoting public health values and healthy behaviours. Key messages • Health promotion targeting children is important and contributes to societal health and wellbeing. • Cartoon series are an innovative digital health education tool that effectively increase youth engagement on public health values.


Introduction: There are limited literatures regarding mortality studies in emergency department of different hospitals of Nepal. The objectives of this study were to review and highlight the demographic patterns of mortality and to determine the frequency and causes of accident and emergency deaths. Methods: This was a retrospective study carried out in emergency department of Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu for a period of 3 years from April 2013 to 14th April 2016. The study variables were analyzed with descriptive statistics using software SPSS 16. Results: A total of 35,734 cases attended the emergency department during this period with mortality rates of 0.19%, 0.21% to 0.35% on consecutive 1st, 2nd, and 3rd year of study. There were 51(56%) males and 40(44%) females. The age of the cases ranged from 1month 23days to 86years old. Highest number of mortality (30.8%) was seen in the age group of more than 70 years old. Medical causes for death was far more common than surgical causes (83.5% versus 16.5%), Cardiac arrest being the commonest (n=19, 20.9%). Maximum number of cases (n=44, 48.4%) died within 1 to 6 hours of arrival to the emergency department. Conclusions: This study on mortality patterns highlights the causes of common mortalities in one of the emergency department of tertiary care centre in Nepal. This study will provide a basic data to develop competent manpower and good infrastructure with latest equipments in order to optimize positive outcome and to strengthen the emergency setting.


The Tooka was created as an exploration of two person instruments. We have worked with two Tooka performers to enhance the original experimental device to make a musical instrument played and enjoyed by them. The main additions to the device include: an additional button that behaves as a music capture button, a bend sensor, an additional thumb-actuated pressure sensor for vibrato, additional musical mapping strategies, and new interfacing hardware. These developments arose through experiences and recommendations from the musicians playing it. In addition to the changes to the Tooka, this paper describes the learning process and experiences of the musicians performing with the Tooka.


This study investigates the reservation wage along with the unemployment duration of the youth in five countries from three groups of countries, the MENA countries, the WB countries and the CIS countries. The study assesses the determinants of the reservation wage and in particular how it is related to unemployment duration. The data comes from the School to Work Transition Survey in 2015 which is a survey that is labor market designed and includes labor market information on young people aged 15 to 29 years. The Two Stage Least Square (2SLS) model is conducted by using instrumental variables. This technique is used since we suspect that ednogeneity between the reservation wage and the unemployment duration is possible in our model. The results suggest the interplay between the reservation wage and the unemployment duration is countercyclical, the longer the unemployment duration the lower the reservation wage. Youth that lives in a household that receives other sources of income and remittances have lower reservation wages and youth that comes from a household with good financial situation and receives governmental financial assistance have higher reservation wages. Married youth with children have higher reservation wage and lower unemployment duration and more educated and trained youth has higher reservation wage.


KEY POINTS
Suicide is one of the leading causes of death in Canada, with about 10 Canadians dying by suicide each day.[1][1] Men represent nearly two-thirds of those who die by suicide after an index episode of self-harm.[2][2] However, interventions for these men have had modest effects, with poor


Studies of protein and bone health report variable results. Differential effects of protein sources may explain incongruities. In particular, portions of sulfur amino acids may impose a bone‐demineralizing acid load while portions of leucine may enhance anabolic balance.


In order to realize multi-axis and multi-functional micro milling,this paper proposed the design of gantry micro milling machine tool.The design of the machine tool is divided into three parts that structure design,analysis and optimization.Gantry structure is the key part of the gantry machine tool,its dynamic characteristics affect the machining accuracy of machine tool seriously.The static and dynamic performance of gantry structure were analyzed by ANSYS software and then make parameter optimization of the crossbeam and column.The result of analysis shows that the total deformation of gantry structure is from 5μm down to 0.6μm.Modal analysis obtains first six order frequency and vibration mode,Harmonic response analysis obtains the frequency response peaks.All the results can provide reference for the actual processing in the future.


Background GPRC5A is associated with various cancer initiation and progression. Controversial findings have been reported about GPRC5A prognostic characteristics, and no meta-analysis has been conducted to assess the relationship between GPRC5A and cancer prognosis. Therefore, the objective of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the overall prognostic effectiveness of GPRC5A. Methods We first conducted a systematic search in the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI, Cochrane, and WangFang databases. The hazard ratio (HR) and odds ratios (OR) with 95% CI were then pooled to assess the associations between GPRC5A expression and overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), event-free survival (EFS), and clinicopathological characteristics. Chi-squared test and I2 statistics were completed to evaluate the heterogeneity in our study. A random‐effects model was used when significant heterogeneity existed (I2>50% and p<0.05); otherwise, we chose the fixed-effect model. Subgroup analysis was stratified by tumor type, region, HR obtained measurements, and sample capacity to explore the source of heterogeneity. Results In total, 15 studies with 624 patients met inclusion criteria of this study. Our results showed that higher expression of GPRC5A is associated with worse OS (HR:1.69 95%CI: 1.20–2.38 I2 = 75.6% p = 0.000), as well as worse EFS (HR:1.45 95%CI: 1.02–1.95 I2 = 0.0% p = 0.354). Subgroup analysis indicated that tumor type might be the source of high heterogeneity. Additionally, cancer patients with enhanced GPRC5A expression were more likely to lymph node metastasis (OR:1.95, 95%CI 1.33–2.86, I2 = 43.9%, p = 0.129) and advanced tumor stage (OR: 1.83, 95%CI 1.15–2.92, I2 = 61.3%, p = 0.035), but not associated with age, sex, differentiation, and distant metastasis. Conclusion GPRC5A can be a promising candidate for predicting medical outcomes and used for accurate diagnosis, prognosis prediction for patients with cancer; however, the predictive value of GPRC5A varies significantly according to cancer type. Further studies for this mechanism will be necessary to reveal novel insights into application of GPRC5A in cancers.


Abstract Let K be a number field. For which primes p does there exist an elliptic curve
$E / K$
 admitting a K-rational p-isogeny? Although we have an answer to this question over the rationals, extending this to other number fields is a fundamental open problem in number theory. In this paper, we study this question in the case that K is a quadratic field, subject to the assumption that E is semistable at the primes of K above p. We prove results both for families of quadratic fields and for specific quadratic fields.


Post-training intracerebroventricular administration of procaine (20 µg/µl) and dimethocaine (10 or 20 µg/µl), local anesthetics of the ester class, prolonged the latency (s) in the retention test of male and female 3-month-old Swiss albino mice (25-35 g body weight; N = 140) in the elevated plus-maze (mean ± SEM for 10 male mice: control = 41.2 ± 8.1; procaine = 78.5 ± 10.3; 10 µg/µl dimethocaine = 58.7 ± 12.3; 20 µg/µl dimethocaine = 109.6 ± 5.73; for 10 female mice: control = 34.8 ± 5.8; procaine = 55.3 ± 13.4; 10 µg/µl dimethocaine = 59.9 ± 12.3 and 20 µg/µl dimethocaine = 61.3 ± 11.1). However, lidocaine (10 or 20 µg/µl), an amide class type of local anesthetic, failed to influence this parameter. Local anesthetics at the dose range used did not affect the motor coordination of mice exposed to the rota-rod test. These results suggest that procaine and dimethocaine impair some memory process(es) in the plus-maze test. These findings are interpreted in terms of non-anesthetic mechanisms of action of these drugs on memory impairment and also confirm the validity of the elevated plusmaze for the evaluation of drugs affecting learning and memory in mice.


Cerutti and collaborators show that the humoral arms of the innate and adaptive immune systems are functionally interconnected by pentraxin 3, a soluble pattern recognition receptor that couples innate immune recognition with antibody-inducing function.


Between the insulation and the cover material, thermal insulation fabric simple insulation body heat generator that generates heat in the presence of air is inserted, and that the simple heat insulator is a plurality, it is connected to flat.


A synthetic approach for the ABCDE ring system of methyllycaconitine starting from a BCD tricycle precursor 14 was described. The synthesis features a useful strategy for the full functionalization of ring B, a 1,7-enyne reductive radical cyclization for the construction of ring A, and a straightforward double condensation for installation of the piperidine ring E.


The mathematical model of seedtime、planting density、applying amount of N、P2O5、and K2O for plot yield of maize variety Miandan No.8 was established. by means of five- factor- five-level quadratic orthogonal regressive rotation combination design. According to the fine selection the scheme of cultural model for yield above 9 500 kg/ha was obtained from the mathematical mode as fallows Seedtime on apr. 3 - 5 planting density at 59 481 - 61 601 plants/ha applying N 273.4 - 282.7 kg/ha P2O5 168.1 - 179.9 kg/ha K2O 115.0 - 130.5 kg/ha.


The article presents a novel approach to address the interoperability issues in the Internet of Things (IoT) systems. Based on the IoT Reference Architecture, an IoT system architecture integrated with gateways and data converter solutions has been proposed to enhance the information exchange and data sharing across interconnected devices, networks and platforms.In addition, distributed open-source analytic platforms for real-time computational and streaming processing has been introduced to the proposed architecture. A case study of real-time oxygen saturation (SpO2) monitoring and analysis has been implemented to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed architecture. The experimental results show the efficiency in terms of collecting and analyzing large volumes of data.


It is not the purpose of this article to deal with the old and controversial question of the significance of B. coli communis as an indication of pollution in drinking water, nor to go into details of the typical or atypical biological characteristics of the organism; but especially to determine a constant biological feature by which it can be differentiated with certainty from the allied species of the colon group. It is common knowledge that B. coli communis presents such extensive variations that often cultures isolated from water and reported as identical with this microorganism will, if studied more closely, be found to have very little or no relation at all with it. The assumption that perhaps the acceptance of such variations in B. coli communis is responsible for the unsatisfactory results often obtained in the bacteriological examination of drinking water has been the basis for undertaking the following studies. Bacillus coli communis, I believe, like B. typhosus, B. diphtheria, B. anthracis, etc., is a single microorganism, not a group; and if its biological anid morphological features are sufficiently studied need not be confused with others. It is true that sometimes an atypical reaction is met with, but this irregularity, if carefully inquired into, will be found to depend, not upon the colon bacillus itself, but upon the condition in which it has been placed. The colon bacillus is commonly regarded as an acid-producing microorganism. The reaction, however, depends entirely upon the presence of sugar in the culture media; and in neutral bouillon the reaction of the culture. will be alkaline.


The covariance matrix operation based on FPGA is realized with the fix-point calculation mode mostly,but there are some problems in the computing process,such as small dynamic range of data processing,easy overflowing,truncation error and so on.Additionally,covariance matrix operation that takes the spatial spectrum estimation as the research background mostly gets the real symmetric matrix which is in connection with special array model,and does not have universality. To direct at the shortness and application scope of the fixed-point operation,and implementing scheme of complex floating-point covariance matrix operation based on FPGA is put forward after the study on the characteristics of the floating point operation and complex operation.The results of simulation and debugging on EP1S20F780C7indicate that the scheme is effective.


This study aims to describe and evaluate government policies and strategies in overcoming the problem of poverty. The research method used in this study is the research approach used is descriptive qualitative. The results of this study indicate that many poverty alleviation programs carried out by the government have not yet brought significant change. The strategies that have been taken to overcome poverty not only prioritize economic aspects but pay attention to other dimensions to increase capacity and encourage productivity. The strategy chosen was to improve the basic ability of the poor to increase income, involving the poor in the whole process of poverty reduction; empowerment strategy. To support the success of this strategy, it should be done thoroughly, integratedly, across sectors, and adapted to the conditions of Indonesian social diversity.


The family Bougainvilliidae is a group of anthoathecate hydrozoans, taxonomically poorly organized and deficient on biogeographic studies. The goal of this study is to carry out taxonomic historical and geographical analyses about its knowledge, and to propose hypotheses for its biogeography. The available information about the family (based on 301 published articles and databases), concerning 15 genera and 96 valid species of the five oceans, was analyzed. The publications presented two temporal relevant peaks (1900 and 2000), with dominant records of meroplanktonic species. The family it is more frequently recorded in the coastal zone, and Bimeria and Bougainvillia are the genera with the widest latitudinal range among the family. The ecological niche modeling of 25 species, performed with MaxEnt algorithm, revealed that chlorophyll is the most important variable driving their distribution. The adequacy of the models reflects five possible latitudinal distribution patterns, with the subtropical-polar distribution as a dominant category Normal 0 21 false false false PT-BR X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */
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ABSTRACT Livestock grazing is one of the most important factors influencing the soil nutrients, soil surface, vegetation diversity, and the above-ground biomass production in a natural rangeland ecosystem. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the influence of the long-term grazing on soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), available phosphorus (Available P), exchangeable potassium (Exchangeable K), diversity and the above-ground biomass production. This study was conducted in Maraveh Tapeh hilly rangelands of Golestan province, Iran. Soil and vegetation samplings were conducted based on the randomized systematic method. Three 150 m transects were positioned randomly within each grazing management practice. Soil samples were systematically taken every 3 m along each transect. Thirty (30) randomly chosen quadrats were sampled in each transect for vegetation diversity and biomass assessment. The effects of grazing management practices and aspect on soil nutrients, vegetation diversity, and biomass production were detected by analysis of variance (ANOVA) (at α = 0.05). Results of this study indicated, Exclosure north aspects had the maximum soil pH. There were significant differences found between soil electrical conductivity values in the grazed south aspect and the other treatments. Soil TOC, TN, available P and exchangeable K values increased significantly in the exclosure north aspects. Shannon diversity index and the above-ground biomass production had highest values in the exclosure north aspects.


In view of situation that existing controller and networking communication of low-voltage breaker adopt user-defined protocol,which has shortcomings of poor reliability and exchangeability in communication,the paper introduced a design scheme of a new type of intelligent controller for low-voltage breaker based on DeviceNet protocol and introduced its design of hardware and software in details.The controller not only has functions of a general controller,but also has DeviceNet fieldbus interface,which can communicate with computers in control center expediently.The experiment result showed that the controller has advantages of reliable running and convenient operation.


The utility model provides a water cooling system. The water cooling system comprises a heat preservation box, a temperature control assembly, a pressure control assembly, a flow control assembly, a PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) and a water inlet assembly, wherein the temperature control assembly comprises a steam pipe, a steam pressure gauge, a steam operated valve and a temperature detector; the pressure control assembly comprises a water pumping pipe, a variable-frequency water pump and a water pressure detector; the flow control assembly comprises a water outlet pipe, a backflow pipe, a spraying pipe, a water pumping flowmeter, a backflow flowmeter, a backflow adjusting valve, a water outlet adjusting valve, a backflow pneumatic valve, a water outlet pneumatic valve, multiple spraying flowmeters and multiple spraying adjusting valves. The water cooling system has the advantages that the temperature accuracy and range of the cooling water can adjusted, and meanwhile, the control on the pressure and flow range, accuracy and response time of the cooling water is also accurate.


The invention discloses a voltage stabilizing circuit, a voltage stabilizing method of the voltage stabilizing circuit and a display device. The voltage stabilizing circuit comprises a power supplying module, a voltage stabilizing module and a power receiving module, wherein the power supplying module supplies initial working voltage to the power receiving module, and the power receiving module receives the initial working voltage supplied by the power supplying module and the offset voltage provided when the voltage stabilizing module works and feeds the received initial working voltage back to the voltage stabilizing module. Due to the fact that voltage stabilizing module can compare the initial working voltage fed back by the power receiving module with the standard voltage, when the difference value of the initial working voltage and the standard voltage exceeds a preset range, the offset voltage can be provided for the power receiving module according to the initial working voltage, and the voltage received by the power receiving module reaches the standard voltage; accordingly, the voltage stabilizing circuit can provide stable voltage to the power receiving module.


Summary The decidual alkaline phosphatase of traumatized intact pseudopregnant rats was 10–15 times greater on day 8 than nondecidualized uteri. This effect was not altered by treatment of (a) intact rats with 5 mg of progesterone and/or 17β-estradiol, 0.1 μg on days 1–3, 1.0 μg on days 4–7, daily, and (b) castrated animals with the progestin (days 1–7) alone or combined with either the above estrogen regimen, or a single 1.01 μg dose of 17β-estradiol on days 3, 4, or 5. If 1.0 μg of 17β-estradiol was administered with or without progesterone for days 1–7, no decidualization or rise in alkaline phosphatase was noted. Similarly, the enzyme failed to increase in nondecidualized castrated rats receiving the 0.1 μg on days 1–3, 1.0 μg on days 4–7, estrogen regimen. The data demonstrate that the decidual alkaline phosphatase response is independent of circulating ovarian estrogen. Estrogen (0.1 μg on days 1–3 or 4, 1.0 μg on days 4 or 5–7) appeared to reduce the number of intact rats exhibiting decidualization and enhanced enzyme activity.


This chapter focuses on the initial impact of the phonograph in Spain, arguing that, even though the device was rarely seen or heard in the country in its first decade of existence, it contributed to stimulating discussion and speculation that drew upon, and at the same time contributed to shaping, existing national discourses on science, technology, and modernity. At the same time, however, other key elements of the early reception of the phonograph elsewhere, such as the issue of the disembodiment of the voice, remained practically unexplored. The chapter covers the first accounts about the invention of the phonograph published in the Spanish press in 1877 and 1878, the range of demonstrations which took place between 1878 and 1882 at the hands of scientists and entertainers, and, finally, the multifarious discourses (in theatrical writing, juridical literature, and other realms) that emerged around the phonograph and its potential uses.


In this article,InxGa1-xN thin films were deposited by MOCVD technique for solar cells by adjusting substrate temperature(other constant technical parameters).The structural properties of the films were measured by XRD,XRF,SEM and step profiler.Lower substrate temperature is favorable for indium incorporation into InxGa1-xN thin films,and higher substrate temperature is favorable for the deposition of high quality InxGa1-xN thin films.When substrate temperature was 470 ℃,indium content of InxGa1-xN thin films deposited on Si substrates was higher and was 46.92 at%,the surface of the films was slick and compact,there were great and uniform grains in the films surface.


A boundary element method has been developed for the analysis of 3D eddy current problems. This method is based on the boundary integral equation formulation with equivalent electric and magnetic currents and electric charge as unknowns. Linear shape functions, defined parametrically over a quadrilateral element, have been selected for the Galerkin's method.


Abstract This paper reports how the accounting elite of Sweden was identified in 1980 and 1987. It shows how the relations of mutual respect among elite members maintain a network that infiltrates and supports an institutional structure, which is, in turn, located in a society characterized by a strong state. Case studies of actual changes in accounting norms indicate that elite members assume different roles in the standard-setting process depending on their authority position in the elite structure. Mapping the elite in 1987 permits an analysis of changes in the composition of the elite and the status of its members. It was found that the auditing profession in Sweden is very well organized as a pressure group and that it enjoy high esteem in the relevant state agencies.


Feelings of stress are a part of university students' life.  Stress is simply the body's response to changes that create taxing demands. There is a difference between eustress, which is a term for positive stress, and distress, which refers to negative stress. Coping mechanism plays a significant part to overcome or reduce the stress experienced by individuals. People use different types of coping strategies to overcome their stress. The purpose of the study was to study the relationship between stress and coping strategies among university students. Eighty- six university students participated in the study. A quantitative study utilizing a cross sectional non-probability sampling research design was used to gather data. The data was collected using a questionnaire with the addition of Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and the Adolescent Coping Scale (ACS) were administered. The result of this study indicated that majority of the university students have moderate level of stress. There was a significant inverse relationship between stress level and coping strategies among undergraduates. In conclusion, some levels of stress can be good, as the right kind of stress encourages them towards change and growth. However, when students are unable to cope with stress, they can become a burden. It is recommended that students should be encouraged to take part in extra-curricular activities such as sports to reduce stress.
 Keywords: Stress; coping strategies; university students


Severe corrosion in the fractionation columns of four coal liquefaction pilot plants has been studied intensively. Amine hydrochlorides have been found to play a crucial role in the corrosion, and the specific amines have been identified. A corrosion mechanism has been proposed, materials with adequate corrosion resistance have been identified, and chloride removal methods based on the properties of amine hydrochlorides have been suggested. (JMT)


Ujung - Kamal Ports is a ferry port that connects the island of East Java with Madura Island. These ports have a distance of about 2.5 nautical miles with shipping times of approximately 30-45 minutes. Since the operation of the Suramadu Bridge in 2009, the flow of passenger and vehicle visits at the Ujung-Kamal ports has decreased. this causes shipping operators for the Ujung-Kamal ferry port to reduce fleet size and operating time. Not only that, the number of fleets operated is uncertain, this has resulted in an inconsistent schedule for ship departures. besides that, it also resulted in many passengers having to wait or be late with ship departures. This study aims to plan the optimal Ujung-Kamal ferry operation. The method used in this research is the optimization method with scedulling problem. After optimizing the number of operating vessels, 2 ships were selected. The vessels are KMP Jokotole and KMP Tongkol. the ship sailing schedule in one day is 10 and 8 trips. The minimum cost for KMP Jokotole is IDR 6.357.855 per day and for KMP Tongkol is IDR 5.615.357 per day and the total cost per day is IDR 11,973,213.


This paper presents an automatic image annotation approach for region labeling. The proposed approach is based on multi-class k-nearest neighbor, K-means, and particle swarm optimization algorithms for feature weighting, in conjunction with normalized cuts based image segmentation technique. This hybrid approach refines the output of multi-class classification that is based on the usage of k-nearest neighbor classifier for automatically labeling image regions from different classes. Each input image is segmented using the normalized cuts segmentation algorithm in order to subsequently create a descriptor for each segment. Particle swarm optimization algorithm is employed as a search strategy to identify an optimal feature subset. Experimental results and comparative performance evaluation, for results obtained from the proposed particle swarm optimization based approach and another support vector machine based approach presented in previous work, demonstrate that the proposed particle swarm optimization based approach outperforms the support vector machine based one, regarding annotation accuracy, for the used dataset.


The invention relates to non-oriented electrical steel and a production method thereof. The non-oriented electrical steel comprises the following chemical compositions in percentage by weight: less than or equal to 0.008 percent of C, 0.15 to 2.2 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.008 percent of Al, 0.15 to 1.5 percent of Mn, 0.004 to 0.15 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.008 percent of S, less than or equal to 40PPm of [O], less than or equal to 0.005 percent of N, less than or equal to 0.008 percent of Ti, and the balance of iron and inevitable impurities. The production method comprises the following steps of: smelting by using a converter and performing vacuum treatment; continuously casting into slabs with the thickness of 50-90 millimeters; soaking in a tunnel kiln; continuously rolling by using seven mills; coiling; performing pickling; performing cold rolling; performing recrystallization annealing; and obtaining the steel for later use. The alloy is reasonable in design and is not needed to be subjected to calcium treatment; the procedures are simple; the cost is reduced; the defect of low casting property in thin slab continuous casting-continuous rolling production can be effectively overcome; the advantages on cost and magnetic property of the non-oriented electrical steel in the thin slab continuous casting-continuous rolling production are fully shown, and the market competitiveness of the product is greatly improved.


Throughout history, women have faced unique health concerns, yet their physical, medical and psychological needs were not thought to differ from men's ... until recently. Over the last decade, the topic of women's health has captured the attention of doctors, researchers and politicians as well as millions of women around the world. However, the acceptance of women's health as a field meriting serious research efforts did not come quickly or easily. The three women featured in this article, Dr. Bernadine Healy, Dr. Ruth Kirschstein and Dr. Florence Haseltine, all played pivotal roles in focusing attention on the inadequacy of women's health care and helped to establish women's health promotion as an issue of national importance. Intended not as a scientific review but rather as a descriptive biographical piece, this paper describes the contributions of three women to the field of women's health.


In a time of increasing concern over the impacts of climate change, environmental degradation, urban insecurity, and rapid urbanization, risk management has come to the forefront of planning agendas in cities across the world. No longer considered solely in environmental terms, key drivers of risk include a range of socio-economic and governance factors, and as such, risk management interventions have become tightly entwined with urban development politics. With many risks distributed unequally and affecting a city's most marginalized individuals and communities most significantly, understanding how the intersection of risk management and urban development manifests in planning and policy interventions at the neighborhood level proves increasingly important for equitable city planning pursuits. Using the case study of a Comuna 8, a semi-informal district in Medellin, this thesis explores how community-based groups situated in municipally-defined areas of high environmental risk negotiate their development priorities with city government and development entities. By examining how risk is invoked, re-interpreted or contested by different stakeholders pursing planning at different scales in Medellin, it demonstrates how the political nature of risk discourse and designations allows different stakeholders to justify, challenge, or carry through different development visions for a specific territory. For planners and communities concerned with equitable outcomes in cities facing complex environmental and social risks, this thesis suggests both the need for analytic frameworks that address risk in context of disputed development and improved decision-making structures that recognize the agency of grassroots actors in local development and risk management. Thesis Supervisor: Dr. Gabriella Carolini Title: Assistant Professor of Urban Studies and Planning, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Reader: Dr. Diane E. Davis Title: Professor of Regional Planning and Urbanism, Harvard Graduate School of Design


The timeline for mobility starts with the invention of the wheel 11.500 years ago. Another 5.500 years pass before the next paradigm shift of the wheeled car. A gradual series of technological advances eventually accelerated to the invention of the first ''auto''mobile. During the 20th centure things are speeding up: Automatic transmission, highways, GPS navigation and during the last decade we see the first breakthroughs in automated driving and safety systems (Ingels & Klok, 2015). Autonomous driving promises to be the most far-reaching advance in mobility since the invention of the automobile itself. Cities are the place where self-driving vehicles are most likely to fundamentally change how people live, work, and, of course, get around (Lang et al., 2016). Far fewer accidents and much lower costs, as well as higher traffic efficiency, improved productivity, and lower pollution are just some of the anticipated benefits. Research by Lang et al. (2016) indicates, for example, that widespread urban adoption of self-driving vehicles and "robo-taxis" (and, especially shared self-driving taxis) could result in a 60% drop in the number of cars on city streets, and 90% fewer road accidents. The goal of the graduation project is to explore in what sense autonomous driving could improve the spatial quality of the public realm in the city of Toronto.


We have been working on the MARVEL rule-based development environment (RBDE) for several years [9, 7], and are currently in the process of scaling up to supporting cooperation among multiple users working together on large projects [1]. This line of research led us to breaking up the previous single user MARVEL 2.6 implementation into the two main pieces of multiple user MARVEL 3.0: the clients representing user interface and activity management, and the server consisting of modules that support process model enaction, concurrency control, and object management [4, 2]. We are now entertaining the definition of a set of components, generalized from MARVEL's modules, which could be used to construct a range of RBDEs. Here we discuss our initial ideas regarding the most fundamental component, the rule-based process server.


Introduction: In recent years, many attempts have been made by economists to investigate whether health good is private and whether health services can be defined by free market mechanisms, in particular supply and demand mechanisms, or whether it is a public good that can only be effectively distributed through policies adopted by the state.

Purpose: The purpose of this review is to identify supply and demand theories, problems and specifics in the health sector, and their implications for health policy.

Literature review: A scrutinized review of the Greek and international literature was carried out. The material of the study was manuscripts on the subject found in Greek and international electronic databases such as: Google Scholar, Mednet, Pubmed and the Association of Hellenic Academic libraries (HEAL-Link).

Results: The laws of supply and demand do not seem to work in the health sector as health commodity has very specific features that distinguish it from any other goods determined by market and demand mechanisms. The first peculiarity associated with health commodity is the uncertainty existing in all citizens and significantly affects their choices. Specifically, the individual cannot know whether he will be ill in the future or whether he will be ill from a particular disease, to be able to save a certain amount that could be used in a similar case.

Conclusion: In the free market where most private goods are traded, quantities and prices are determined by demand and supply mechanisms. In particular, consumers being fully informed about their requirements and characteristics of the products and services, they are in demand of concrete quantities of them.


The effect of various treatments of glean on mitotic activity, chromosomes and DNA amounts in the root tips of A. cepa and V. faba has been investigated. This herbicide remarkably inhibited mitotic division and depressed the DNA and RNA in the root meristems of both plants. Glean induced chromosome damage in both plants comprised of mitotic abnormalities, chromosomal aberrations and chromosomal stickiness. The effect of this herbicide on mitosis in relation to its action on DNA and RNA and on the chromosomes is discussed.


A large new cogeneration-district heating system has been proposed for the Twin Cities (Minneapolis-St. Paul) area in Minnesota, using hot water. The system as proposed does not include thermal energy storage (TES). Four different modifications of the system configuration to include annual-cycle TES have been postulated and studied to evaluate potential benefits of the TES. Aquifer TES would permit large amounts of hot water, produced when cogeneration capacity exceeds the demand for heat, to be stored in natural underground formations until it is needed to help meet winter space-heating demands. Approximately three-fourths of the heat stored is estimated to be recoverable, assuming suitable geologic formations are available. Use of aquifer TES can serve the same function as oil-fired boilers for peak load and standby reserve requirements, making the boilers and the burning of oil unnecessary. Coal-fired cogeneration equipment would produce the heat otherwise furnished by boilers and replace the heat lost during storage, by operating at a higher capacity factor. The net energy savings of the proposed system without TES are impressive. When TES is used, the net energy saved is found to be 2 to 14% greater, in spite of heat lost during storage with fuel cost savings ofmore » $14 to $16 million per year. Reduction of air and thermal pollution are concomitant benefits. The capital investment requirements for boilers, cogeneration equipment, and transmission pipelines might be reduced by $66 to $122 million. The breakeven capital cost of aquifer TES is found to be from $43 to $59 per peak thermal kilowatt input to or withdrawal from storage.« less


As we all know that transportation sector is extremely necessary, current generation all the vehicle are bornagain to electrical vehicles it's the rapid climb in vehicle market conjointly hybrid vehicle conjointly came into the trade having the over one power.The hybrid vehicles work underneath each fuel power and electric power however is pricey and conjointly it's unable to attach to the tiny vehicle like bikes and bicycle, dominant of hybrid power. Therefore troublesome its unable connect for little vehicle attributable to this issue the good operative managementler designed "smart operative control in hybrid cycle".This project in the mainly designed for the medium transportation like two-wheelers, hybrid cycles, this in the main controllers the hybrid power base d on the load and distance to be traveled


Content of the chapter 4.6.2
- Crop requirements
- Experimental design
- Crop management
- Disease and pest infestation, physiological disorders and other abiotic damage
- Assessments during growth
- Assessments at harvest
- Overall value score
- References and further information


Current discussions on the relationship between law and technology tend to either explore a one-way 'influences/is influenced by' relationship between the two elements or they view technology as a 'tool' used to uphold the law. Little research has gone beyond this to explore in depth how the elements of law and technology have interacted in various circumstances and thus evolved into their current forms. This paper will explore the relationship between these two elements for one specific technology, namely Digital Rights Management (DRM) Systems in online and mobile services in the music industry and the laws related to it. It will present a layered approach for the exploration of how these two elements have interacted and evolved into the shape and form they are today in order to inform ongoing research on the law-technology relationship and the development of theories within the IS field in general.


Fast tunable lasers with switching time less than one microsecond are key components in high-speed optical switching networks. In this paper, we propose an effective method to achieve high wavelength switching speed by turning on/off individual lasers of a matrix-grating DFB laser array. The laser array consists of 16 DFB lasers, which are arranged as a 4-by-4 matrix. Besides, the REC technique is used to simplify the fabrication of the grating and precisely control the grating phase. 16 channels with 2.4-nm-spacing are obtained and the SMSRs of all the 16 channels are above 40 dB, indicating good single mode operation. A high-speed driving circuit is designed to supply stable direct current for the DFB laser array and to control the switching process. The experimental result shows that the switching time between 2 channels is less than 100 nanoseconds.


Encyclopedia Preface Preface to Central and Southwest Asia PART 1: Overview of Dress and Fashion in Central and Southwest Asia Introduction to Dress and Fashion in Central and Southwest Asia, Gillian Vogelsang-Eastwood Climate, Geography, and Dress, Willem Vogelsang History of Dress and Fashion, Willem Vogelsang Pre-Islamic Dress Codes in the Eastern Mediterranean and Southwest Asia, Mary Harlow and Lloyd Llewellyn-Jones The Coming of Islam and Its Influence on Dress, Gillian Vogelsang-Eastwood Jewish Dress in Central and Southwest Asia and the Diaspora, Esther Juhasz Dress Reforms of the Early Twentieth Century in Turkey, Iran, and Afghanistan, Derek Bryce SNAPSHOT: Turkish Fashion Designers , Fatma Mete SNAPSHOT: ANAT, Syria, Heike Weber SNAPSHOT: An Omani Fashion Designer, Julia M. Al-Zadjali SNAPSHOT: An Afghan Fashion Show, Gillian Vogelsang-Eastwood Hussein Chalayan: Controversial Fashion Designer or Bridge between East and West?, Bradley Quinn Sources of Information about Dress in Southwest Asia, Tineke Rooijakkers Central and Southwest Asian Dress Studies, Gillian Vogelsang-Eastwood PART 2: Textiles of Central and Southwest Asia Trade, Textiles, and Dress in Central and Southwest Asia, Abby Lillethun SNAPSHOT: Textiles of Central Asia, Abby Lillethun SNAPSHOT: Trade, Textiles, Dress, and the Hajj, Gillian Vogelsang-Eastwood Tiraz: Textiles and Dress with Inscriptions in Central and Southwest Asia, Margaret Anne Deppe PART 3: Anatolia and the Eastern Mediterranean Historical Survey of Textiles and Dress in Turkey, Charlotte Jirousek Turkish Embroidery, Sumru Belger Krody Ottoman Dress, Nancy Micklewright The Kaftan and Its Origins, Charlotte Jirousek Royal Dress Preserved at the Topkapi Museum, H lya Tezcan SNAPSHOT: Turkish Costume Albums, Jennifer M. Scarce Regional Dress in Anatolia, Jennifer M. Scarce Dress in Modern Israel, Ayala Raz Christian Secular, Monastic, and Liturgical Dress in the Eastern Mediterranean, Karel C. Innem e Arab Men's Dress in the Eastern Mediterranean, Widad Kawar and Sibba Einarsd ttir Palestinian Women's Dress, Widad Kawar and Sibba Einarsd ttir Palestinian Scarves and Flag Dresses, Tineke Rooijakkers Palestinian Embroidery, Tineke Rooijakkers and Gillian Vogelsang-Eastwood Embroidery Workshops in Palestine, Heike Weber Jordanian Women's Dress, Widad Kawar and Sibba Einarsd ttir Syria, Tineke Rooijakkers and Gillian Vogelsang-Eastwood Lebanese Women's Dress, Nour Majdalany Hakim SNAPSHOT: Druze Dress, Heike Weber and Gillian Vogelsang-Eastwood PART 4: Arabian Desert and Peninsula Introduction to the History of Dress in the Arabian Desert and Peninsula, Tineke Rooijakkers Bedouin Jewelry, Gillian Vogelsang-Eastwood Saudi Arabian Dress, Gillian Vogelsang-Eastwood Yemeni Dress, Christina Lindholm Omani Dress SNAPSHOT: The Abayeh in Oman, Julia M. Al-Zadjali Dress from the Gulf States: Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, United Arab Emirates, Fadwa El Guindi and Wesam al-Othman SNAPSHOT: The Abayeh in Qatar, Christina Lindholm PART 5: Iranian Plateau Introduction to the History of Dress on the Iranian Plateau, Willem Vogelsang Iraqi Dress, Ulrike Al-Khamis and Saad Lafta Hami Kurdish Dress, Layla Yousif Pio Early Iranian Textiles and Their Influence on Pre-Islamic Dress, Irene Good Iranian Regional Dress, Gillian Vogelsang-Eastwood Iranian Urban Dress, Gillian Vogelsang-Eastwood Reza Shah's Dress Reforms in Iran, Gillian Vogelsang-Eastwood Regional Dress of Afghanistan, Willem Vogelsang Afghan Dress and the Diaspora, M. Catherine Daly Afghan Jewelry, M. Catherine Daly SNAPSHOT: Afghan Embroidery, Gillian Vogelsang-Eastwood The Chadari/Burqa of Afghanistan and Pakistan, Gillian Vogelsang-Eastwood PART 6: Central Asia History of West Turkistan and Its Influence on the Dress of South Central Asia, Willem Vogelsang Trouser Wearing by Horse-Riding Nomads in Central Asia, Willem Vogelsang Turkmen Dress and Embroidery SNAPSHOT: Turkmen Women's Jewelry, Gillian Vogelsang-Eastwood Dress from Tajikistan and Uzbekistan, Christina Sumner Uzbek Textiles, Carter Malik Dress from Kazakhstan, Gillian Vogelsang-Eastwood Dress from Kyrgyzstan, Gillian Vogelsang-Eastwood PART 7: People and Dress in Central and Southwest Asia Fitrah: Temporary and Permanent Body Modifications for Muslims, Irvin Cemil Schick SNAPSHOT: Henna, Gillian Vogelsang-Eastwood SNAPSHOT: Indigo, Tineke Rooijakkers Perfume and Incense, Julia M. Al-Zadjali Weapons and Accessories, Willem Vogelsang Birth, Marriage, and Death, Gillian Vogelsang-Eastwood The Tradition of the Bridal Trousseau, Sumru Belger Krody Dress and Hadiths ("Traditions" or Sayings Attributed to the Prophet Mohammed), Gillian Vogelsang-Eastwood SNAPSHOT: Dress of Shiites and Mystics, Ashgar Seyed-Gohrab SNAPSHOT: Islamic Pilgrimage Dress (Ihram), Gillian Vogelsang-Eastwood SNAPSHOT: Muharram and Dress, Ashgar Seyed-Gohrab SNAPSHOT: Islam and Islamically Correct Dress (Hijab), Fadwa El Guindi Laws of Differentiation, Irvin Cemil Schick Sumptuary Laws 456, Irvin Cemil Schick Khil'a: Clothing to Honor a Person or Situation, Stewart Gordon Face Veils, Gillian Vogelsang-Eastwood The Turban and Male Headgear, Beverly Chico SNAPSHOT: Al-Washsha, a Medieval Fashion Guru, Gillian Vogelsang-Eastwood SNAPSHOT: Orientalism in Western Dress and Stage Costume, Lloyd Llewellyn-Jones Dress and Tourism, Derek Bryce Index


Ab initio slab simulations are performed for Ag adhesion to MgO and a-Al 2O3 (corundum) surfaces.We demonstrate that the point surface defects on MgO(001) surface increase markedly the adhesion energy and cause redistributio n of the electron density across the interface. The results for electron ( Fs° = O vacancy with two trapped electrons, i.e. x V O in Kroger-Vink notation) and hole ( Vs° = Mg vacancy with two holes trapped by nearest O 2- ions, i.e. x V Mg ) centers in the Ag atom adhesion at different surface covera ges are analyzed. For 1/4 Ag monolayer (ML) coverage, we observe small silver adhesion energies over O 2- and Mg 2+ ions on a regular MgO(001) substrate (0.23 and 0.22 eV per Ag atom, respectively), with negligible interfacial charge transfer towards metal atoms. However, for Ag atoms positioned over the point surface defects on the magnesia (001) substrate binding energies increase by more than an order of magnitude (7.6 and 12.7 eV, respectively) and are combined with a marked charge transfer (~1 e towards Ag atom over s F center and ~1.5 e towards nearest O 2- ions from Ag atom over s V center). We have studied also silver adhesion on both Al- and O-terminated corundum (0001) substrate surfaces. The latter case could be naturally considered as Ag adhesion on a defective Al-terminated corundum surface with external aluminium vacancies. The dependence of the adhesion energy on the interfacial distance has been analyzed for the two most favorable Ag adsorption positions and f or two metal coverages (a 1/3 ML of the Ag(111) plane and a full Ag(111) monolayer). An alogously to regular and defective magnesia substrate, two different termi nations (Al- and O-) give rise to qualitatively different results. In the former case the small adhesion energies per Ag atom (0.15- 0.25 eV for 1 ML and 0.40-0.55 eV for 1/3 ML) are accompanied by a minor interfacial charge transfer, indicating physisorption , which may be explained by a weak atomic polarization. In contrast, for O-terminated corundum, substantial adhesion energies per Ag atom (4.5-5 eV at 1 ML and 10.5 -12 eV at 1/3 ML) combined with a noticeable charge transfer from silver atoms towards the substrate (0.5-0.9 e) give a clear indications for a strong interfacial ion bonding.


Sleep‐disordered breathing (SDB) has been associated to greater amyloid deposition and dementia risk. However, the pattern of SDB‐associated structural brain changes is unclear, especially within the medial temporal lobe (MTL). We investigated the associations between SDB severity and the volume of MTL subregions, and hypothesized that SDB would be associated with atrophy in regions early affected by Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology and/or sensitive to hypoxia (i.e., the perirhinal and entorhinal cortices, and CA1 hippocampal subfield), particularly in amyloid‐positive participants.


forms such as Kraft paper, hard paper and wood. Cellulose is an organic compound, a polysaccharide consisting of a linear chain of linked D-glucose units. The average number of glucose monomers linked in a chain, so called degree of polymerization (DP) is determined by a viscometric method according to IEC 60450. The measurement is carried out on new insulating paper before use in the transformer to determine the initial state. The DP measurement is also carried out on paper from operating transformers with the aim to determine the condition of paper insulation and to assess the remaining transformer life. New insulating paper has a DP value ranging from 1100 to 1600. The lowest DP value below which the mechanical properties of the paper cannot withstand the stresses in the transformer is 200. DP is an indicator of mechanical properties of paper insulation and it is in direct correlation with its tensile strength. Both characteristics, DP and tensile strength, decrease during transformer exploitation and the rate of degradation depends on the type of paper, temperature, oxygen and water content in oil and other factors. This paper investigates the applicability of the contact angle method on insulating Kraft paper, as an additional parameter to assess the condition of the insulating paper. The contact angle method is used for the surface characterization of different materials and during the literature review no work on the application of this technique to characterize the electrical insulating paper was found. For determining the contact angle (θ) on Kraft paper three test liquids (water, diiodomethane and formamide) with different polarities were used. The contact angle method was applied on new Kraft paper and on Kraft paper which was subjected to laboratory accelerated ageing tests. The ageing tests were performed in new transformer oil at 120 °C and 130 °C. During the ageing, DP and contact angles of three liquids were measured and correlation curves between DP and contact angles were determined. The results show a significant increase of contact angle with paper ageing, measured with polar liquids (water and formamide), while the values of contact angles measured with diiodomethane as a nonpolar liquid remain approximately constant. The measured values of water and formamide contact angles suggest that the surface of the insulating paper during ageing becomes nonpolar and hydrophobic. It can be assumed that during ageing there is a reaction on the hydroxyl group (-OH) within the cellulose chains with the effect of reducing the number of -OH groups that are the most responsible groups for the hydrophilic surface of the material. The decrease of the number of -OH groups and an increase in the formation of new groups of nonpolar character, such as aldehyde and ketone groups, results in an increase of the hydrophobicity of the insulating paper. The method for measuring the contact angle is applicable to electrical insulating paper, and by measuring the contact angle of water and formamide the DP value of insulating paper can be estimated.


The parasitic nematode Deladenus siricidicola is widely used for the biological control of the invasive pine-killing woodwasp, Sirex noctilio. The nematode has a unique life cycle where it lives in pine trees, feeding on the symbiotic fungus of S. noctilio, the basidiomycete white rot fungus Amylostereum areolatum. In the presence of S. noctilio larvae, however, the nematode develops into a parasitic form which invades the woodwasp larvae, ultimately leading to sterilization of the host. The fungal-feeding stage of the nematode is used to commercially mass produce it for biological control programs. Previous studies investigating the effect of A. areolatum strain on D. siricidicola reproduction suggested the possibility of a role reversal where the fungus could eat the nematode. The present study examined the relationships between three species of Deladenus nematodes and their associated Amylostereum fungi. For D. siricidicola and A. areolatum, we hypothesized that significantly fewer nematode eggs placed in petri dishes containing potato dextrose agar medium would hatch in the presence of A. areolatum fungus than in control petri dishes with no fungus. Results supported this hypothesis. Additionally, light microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, and cryogenic scanning electron microscopy were used to show the ability of both A. areolatum and a second species, A. chailletii, to penetrate nematode eggs and adult living females of three species of Deladenus nematodes.


Abstract Comparison of two substances—"Veripaque" and "Steroclysm"—used for bowel washout prior to barium enema examination has been carried out. "Veripaque" was significantly better than "Steroclysm" in respect of satisfactory bowel evacuation.


103 performed. His period of hospitalization was a little over 2 months. There has been relief of the purulent discharge from the affected areas though other areas remain troublesome. A minor degree of anal stenosis is managed by aperients and digital dilatation. Comment. This young man suffered from a crippling disease in which no disorder beyond the skin has been identified. Radical surgery has been the only therapy to offer relief. He still has grumbling hidradenitis suppurativa, but he copes with this with the help of erythromycin 500 mg orally daily.


This paper reports on our efforts to understand the media representation of science in Britain and Germany using the corpora of science news newly compiled for the project Mapping the Cultural Authority of Science (MACAS). Our aim was to explore the representation of science and scientists without limiting ourselves to any particular domain of investigation, i.e. without looking at science reporting in relation to health, for example, or space exploration, or engineering, etc. This, of course, simultaneously posed a challenge: we couldn't pay attention to tensions, controversies, competing discourses and frames that were specific to such domains and issues. Instead, we tried to probe very generally into what science reporting seems to have in common across all these more specific areas. We wanted to know what beliefs about science appear to dominate public discourse and how scientists are represented as social actors regardless of specific discipline affiliations. As we were looking to compare the two contexts on the basis of a qualitative analysis, our paper didn't delve into distinctions within either of the two corpora. In aiming for this general level, we have, without doubt, denied ourselves interesting observations. We hope that what we say here, even when it simply confirms our intuitions, will illuminate the defaults against which, perhaps, other conceptions of science could be juxtaposed.


Objective: This study aims to provide insights into the evolution and trends of academic efforts in the field of alveolar ridge augmentation through a bibliometric analysis. The objective is to assist researchers interested in future work within this domain by identifying potential areas of exploration and contributing to the field's advancement.
Methods: The bibliometric analysis encompasses publications related to alveolar ridge augmentation between 2000 and 2023, sourced from the Web of Science Core Collection database. The analysis involves various metrics and visualization tools, including Citespace, VOSviewer, and Biblioshiny, to evaluate publication patterns, journal analyses, country analyses, reference analyses, and keyword analyses.
Results: The analysis of 3,477 publications revealed a logistic growth pattern with an annual growth rate of 5.52%. Among the most commonly found document types were original articles, reviews, and editorial content. The journal analysis indicated the dominance of specific journals, with a small core journal group identified through Bradford's Law. The United States emerged as a leader in terms of publication and citation counts. Co-citation clustering unveiled evidence-based topics and the progression of research trends.
Conclusion: This bibliometric analysis sheds light on the trajectory of academic contributions in the field of alveolar ridge augmentation. It offers valuable insights for researchers considering future work by identifying potential areas for exploration and contributing to the field's progress.


The paper presents an analysis of the variants of refraction of the fairy-tale component in the fantastic works of 1970s–80s Russian literature, namely the philosophical tale "Rabbits and boa constrictors" by F. Iskander and the novel-tale "The squirrel" by A. Kim. In the narrative structures of these works, this component serves as a mechanism of transmission of the "memory of the genre". The result of the analysis, which confirmed its topicality, was the revelation of the existential perspective in both of the works, and the understanding of the ways of disclosing it in the structural and semantic aspect. In F. Iskander's "Rabbits and boa constrictors", the fairy-tale code is realized through a "polar" world structured by the binary oppositions, which determine both social and existential planes of the work. The use of the fairy-tale model in A. Kim's "The squirrel" contributes to the formation of polyphonic narrative and makes it possible to transfer the everyday-life plane of the event line into the status of symbolic existential reality.


This article explores the situations of people living at the China-North Korea borderland. Contrary to the general understanding of North Korean migrants – as victims of the North Korean brutal state and economic impoverishment – many North Koreans at the Sino-North Korea borderland cross the border (a border river) as a matter of everyday practice. This article thus contests the general restrictive stereotypes that frame North Korean mobility, and argues that many of them are calculative agents actively balancing the costs and benefits of migration. A decision of migration often takes into account North Koreans' spatial perception, intimate human network of relatives, and sense of familiarity with language, feelings and emotions for place and people, with little reference to the political persecution or economic deprivation usually depicted by the media.


Previous studies suggest that mismatch between fetal and postnatal nutrition predisposes individuals to metabolic diseases. We examined whether NHP juvenile offspring of pregnancies with maternal undernutrition (MUN) had altered response to a high-fat, high-carbohydrate diet plus sugar drink challenge (HFCS) compared with controls (CON). Pregnant baboons were fed ad libitum (CON) or 30% calorie reduction from 0.16 gestation through lactation, and weaned offspring fed chow diet ad libitum. Offspring of MUN were growth restricted at birth. At ∼4.5y offspring received a 7-week HFCS challenge. Baseline and HFCS gene expression in liver, omental fat, and skeletal muscle, liver glycogen content, and fat cell size were quantified. MUN offspring had lower BMI and liver glycogen compared with CON. Pathway analysis showed differences for skeletal muscle and liver, including hepatic splicing and unfolded protein response. MUN offspring consumed more sugar drink than CON. After HFCS, MUN BMIs were similar to CON. Liver showed coordinated response to HFCS in CON but not MUN. Pathway and liver glycogen differences between MUN and CON at baseline indicate in utero programming persists in MUN juveniles. MUN catchup growth during HFCS suggests increased risk of obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Greater sugar drink consumption in MUN demonstrates altered appetitive drive due to programming. Differences in blood leptin concentrations, omental adipocyte cell size, liver glycogen content, and tissue-specific molecular response to HFCS challenge suggest MUN significantly impacts juvenile offspring ability to manage an energy rich diet.


I t has been shown previously that specific antisera for infections of which the exciting agent is unknown can be produced in some instances by the use of infected tissue itself as antigen; and that when such sera have been detoxified they can be used successfully for therapeutic purposes. 1 The toxicity is due to the presence of antibodies elicited by the tissue component of the antigen, which, needless to say, are highly injurious to animals of the species furnishing said antigen. I t is easy to remove the more obvious of these injurious elements--hemolysins and hemagglutinins--by their selective absorption with red corpuscles, as was done in our type experiments. The precipitins we then encountered were weak and without recognizable action on the animal organism. Whether strong precipitins can cause damage has remained for determination, as has the point of how such damage could be avoided. The problem is not without practical significance in its relation to the utilization of the serum of infected human individuals as antigen.


Royal Auping Royal Auping is a Dutch manufacturer of boxsprings, beds and mattresses since 1888. Both development and production takes places in Deventer, The Netherlands. Their ambition is to be fully Cradle to Cradle in 2020. With the Auping Essential they introduced the first Cradle to Cradle certificated bed in the world. This label guarantees that the bed is from at least 50% recycled materials, or materials that are recyclable. (source: www.auping.com) Problem definition Market growth is needed to remain independent in a consolidating bedding industry. Because of the saturated Dutch consumer market, Auping wants to enter a business-to-business segment. The hotel market is interesting, due to its size, expected growth and ease to enter. However, in this market beds are seen as consumables, which result in a high environmental impact. This conflicts with Auping's Cradle to Cradle ambitions. How to overcome this problem? Model to design a Product Service System Derived from literature, a circular model is created to structure the development of a Product Service System. The first two stages, dive in and direct, are performed during this graduation project. Dive in stage During the dive in stage the company and the market are analyzed. Market needs are found with a qualitative research. This research existed of interviews with hotel managers, interior architects, observations of the housekeeping and analysis of online hotel reviews. The results were split up in two categories. Functional needs, such as low costs and emotional needs such as supplier engagement. Direct stage Three concepts are derived from the market needs. The concept 'Stay and Pay' is chosen as the most attractive one. In this concept Auping remains owner of the bed, even when it's placed in the hotel. A sensor detects when a guest sleeps in the bed. The hotel pays Auping per night that the bed is used. This results in predicable and low costs for the hotel. It enables Auping to implement Cradle to Cradle principles since they remain owner of bed during its complete life-cycle. The hotel and Auping become partners because they both have an interest in attracting guests. The hotel takes care of good hospitality, while Auping ensures a clean, fresh and inviting bed for each guest.


These political emigres were joined by many more during the ten-year war for independence which broke out in 1868. Cubans began to settle in Florida in even greater numbers following the opening of cigar factories and the renewed warfare of 1895. Later immigration, which peaked in 1958, was also due to political upheaval in Cuba and flowed to the established enclaves in Florida. These twentieth-century exiles finally received some church ministrations. Due to Castro's policies, exiled Cubans were accompanied by church leaders who had also been driven out. The diocese of Miami received the largest number of immigrants, and Bishop Carroll and several national Catholic organizations served them particularly well during the gap between their arrival and the granting of U.S. government aid. Two parishes were begun for the Cubans as well as the Pedro (Peter) Pan program for unaccompanied immigrant minors. Perez also documents thriving, transplanted Cuban ecclesial institutions, including the Jesuit preparatory school El Colegio de Nuestra Senora de Belen (Our Lady of Bethlehem), La Agrupacion Catolica Universitaria (Catholic University Association), and St. Thomas University. This is the most helpful single volume on the history of the Catholic Church among these two groups. The comprehensive documentation and thorough index complete its fine presentation.


Whilst the individual supply-side characteristics of the self-employed are well documented, the literature has largely neglected (or mis-specified) demand-side aspects. Our econometric framework, based on the parameterised DOGEV model, allows us to separately, and simultaneously, model supply and demand-side influences. We show that whilst individual characteristics are important determinants of type of employment contract held, there are important contract-specific factors influencing the contract an individual is employed under. Our results suggest that workers may be "captive" to particular types of employment because of the sectors in which they work, the number of hours they prefer to work and their ethnicity.


Today, shopping is has become a more delightful activity, then merely looking for and buying products or offerings that satisfy one's wants. The process of acquiring these products is all the more fascinating to many. With the retail environment undergoing a huge change, a customer now is more involved in the process of seeing, choosing and selecting what he wants, and this can be done at his own leisure, space and time. Initially, shopping was known to be inherently a female activity, but as the offerings for males has also increased and people demand better lifestyles, the male shopper also takes care about what is to be bought and after how much of examination. Shopper's Stop, being a family store, caters to all kinds of customers and to the entire family. The store is frequented by shoppers of various profiles and ethnic diversities which is a big challenge for the store. The objective of this paper is to do an analysis of customer's view about Shoppers' Stop. Questionnaires were filled by customers and analysis was done to analyze the views of customers.


During the years 1985 to 1987, 689 moose (Alces alces L.) collected throughout Sweden were necrop-sied at the National Veterinary Institute in Uppsala, Sweden. Sixty-eight of those investigated had catarrhal to hemorrhagic enteritis, atrophied lymphoid organs, and/or numerous erosive, uclerative, necrotizing lesions of the digestive mucosa. Histopathology of the mucous membranes revealed marked inter- and intracellular oedema, erosions, ulcers and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies. Neither Bovine Virus Diarrhoea/Mucosal Disease (BVD/MD) or Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) virus could be isolated from the diseased animals. It is suggested that the syndrome resembling BVD/MD complex, may have been caused by an yet unidentified virus.


A 39-year old woman presented with a 20-year history of diffi culty breathing and hoarseness. Th is reportedly began after a signifi cant motor vehicle accident that had left her comatose and intubated for several days in the ICU. Shortly aft er extubation, the patient had experienced shortness of breath with any exertion. Over the years, she had been diagnosed with intermittent asthma-like attacks. Because of increased symptoms of dysphonia in the months prior to her fi rst visit to us, she sought out an otolaryngologist who then referred her to our voice clinic. Th e patient presented with a moderate to severe hoarse/breathy voice with intermittent inspiratory noise. Videostroboscopy revealed both anterior and posterior glottic webs along with signifi cant stenosis (fi gure, A). Spirometry revealed a normal forced vital capacity at 3.73 liters. Th e patient's FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in 1 second) was signifi cantly reduced at 1.47 liters (51% of predicted). Aft er appropriate discussion, the patient was taken to surgery, where a microlaryngoscopy with jet ventilation was performed. Th e anterior web was quite thin and was divided with microscissors. Th e posterior web was divided with a CO2 laser. Th e patient was maintained on proton pump inhibitors postoperatively. During a follow-up exam 2 weeks aft er surgery, the patient presented with dramatically improved breathing. Videostroboscopy revealed normal vocal fold abduction and complete vocal fold closure. Vocal quality was judged to be near normal, with minimal to no dysphonia perceived. Th e patient did have bilateral granulomas that continued to improve with medical care (fi gure, B). Glottic webs can occur both in the anterior and the less common posterior location. Although anterior webs can be congenital, the majority are acquired as a result of trauma to the vocal folds. Th is trauma can include bilateral surgery near the anterior commissure, endotracheal intubation, external trauma, radiation, etc. Typical symptoms of anterior webs are dysphonia, inability to speak loudly, possible exercise intolerance, and airway diffi culties. A variety of techniques exist for repair of anterior webs, with the major hurdle being that of web reformation. Results can vary depending on the size, location, and thickness of the web. Posterior glottic webs are most frequently caused by endotracheal intubation and related trauma and oft en cause airway-related symptoms. Th e treatment of glottic webs can vary dramatically, depending on the location and size of the web, the mobility of the cricoarytenoid joints, and the status of the subglottic airway.1,2


Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a serious clinicopathological condition that is recognized as the most frequent chronic liver disease, affecting 14%-30% of the world's population. The prevalence of NAFLD has rapidly grown and is correlated with the growth in obesity and type 2 diabetes, among other factors. NAFLD often results in long-term complications including cardiovascular disease, liver cirrhosis, and liver fibrosis. This paper provides an updated overview of NAFLD with a focus on epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, screening, complications, and pharmacological therapies to identify effective risk prevention and health promotion.


Based on traditional SHPWM method,an improved modulation method applying to three-phase cascade multilevel inverter system was proposed.The new method was called carrier overlapping switch frequency optional pulse width modulation(CO-SFO-PWM),which combined the advantages of CO-PWM and SFO-PWM.The fundamental amplitude of the output line voltage was increased,so the utilization ratio of DC voltage was increased,the output line voltage had a better harmonic characteristics,especially could significantly improve the distortion ratio of output line voltage at low modulation.Matlab simulation results based on three-phase seven-level inverter demonstrated the effectiveness of the new method.


This article delves into the profound insights offered by esteemed authors Arundhati Roy and Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie regarding the intricate nature of identity. These authors explore different aspects of identity, such as race, gender, culture, and socio-political dynamics, through their unique literary styles. The literary works of Arundhati Roy and Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie offer profound insights into the complexities of post-colonial India, Nigeria, and the African diaspora. Within these narratives, the authors skillfully weave intricate tapestries that illuminate the processes through which identity is both constructed and negotiated. The narratives utilized by the authors incorporate vibrant imagery, intricate character progression, and captivating storytelling methods in order to navigate the intricacies of personal identity. In doing so, they effectively challenge established stereotypes and societal conventions. Moreover, the article underscores the lasting influence of their literary creations on present-day literature, placing particular emphasis on their significant contributions to the realms of representation, diversity, social commentary, intersectionality, and global significance. The narratives of Roy and Adichie persistently resonate with readers, cultivating cross-cultural comprehension and stimulating scholarly dialogues on topics such as identity, power dynamics, and social justice. The enduring literary heritage of these individuals guarantees their position within the literary canon and serves as a source of inspiration for upcoming generations of writers, compelling them to delve into the intricate dimensions of identity within the realm of literature.


The RNA helicase RHAU conditional knockout mice generated in Yoshikuni Nagamine laboratory show neuromuscular-paralytic disorder. However, the mechanisms underlying this neuromuscular-paralytic phenotype caused by RHAU loss of function remains unknown. In this thesis, the goal is to characterize the RHAU conditional knockout mice and to understand the mechanisms of how conditional knockout of RHAU in mice leads to neuromuscular –paralytic disorder.
By inducing RHAU knockout at different ages, we found that mice with RHAU knockout at early stage (3-week-old) die faster with much lower bodyweight than Wildtype mice, while the mice with RHAU knockout at late stage (5-month-old) develop age-dependent progressive neuromuscular paralytic disorder with muscle shrinkage. To understand the synaptic basis of this neuromuscular disorder, the motor axons were genetically labeled with membrane targeted GFP (mGFP). We could not find the denervation of motor axons at NMJs in paralyzed RHAU knockout mice, indicating that the paralytic phenotype caused by loss of RHAU is independent of axon degeneration. To further understand the role of motoneuron in contributing to paralysis observed in RHAU conditional knockout mice, RHAU was specifically deleted in motoneurons by breeding with HB9-cre mice. Consistently, the motoneuron-specific knockout mice show normal motor behavior as WT mice with normal NMJ morphology.
We then knockout RHAU specifically in muscle by expressing Cre recombinase in muscle using Adeno associated virus (AAV). The post-synaptic AChR clusters are destabilized and fragmented into individual boutons upon muscle-specific RHAU knockout. Thus, our results demonstrate that RNA helicase RHAU plays an essential role in maintaining post-synaptic AChR clusters stability at NMJ.


This paper propose an adaptive control of symmetry contribution based generalized symmetry transform. which can be controlled symmetry contribution according to the intensity orientation of two pixels. In the proposed method, we define the C-D(convergent and divergent)plane which represents convergence and divergence region of gradient pairs. and used the gaussian phase wight function, with respect to the distance from the gradient pair to an extreme point, in calculating the symmetry contribution. The proposed method can be detect the object more efficiently by adaptive controlling the cut-off frequency of the gaussian phase wight function. To evaluate a performance of the proposed method, we compare the proposed method and conventional GST method in various images including IR image. we prove that the proposed method have better performance in object detection.