A HPLC method was developed for the determination of methidathion and chlorpyrifos EC. The HPLC conditions were XTerra RP18 column, methanol- acetonitrile-water=63:15:22 (by vol) as mobile phase, and UV detection at 230 nm. The results showed that the variation coefficients of methidathion and chlorpyrifos were 0.32 and 0.48%. The standard deviations were 0.032 and 0.048. The average recoveries were 98.67 and 98.73%, The linear correlations were 0.999 8 and 0.999 9, respectively.


Phoenicus sanguinipennis was described by Lacordaire in 1869 based on one male specimen of unknown origin. We rediscovered this species 135 years later in the Punta Cana region in La Altagracı́a Province of eastern Dominican Republic (18u30.4779N, 68u22.4999W). Twentyseven specimens were collected at lights and on dead Maclura tinctoria (Linnaeus) D. Don ex Steudel (Moraceae). We provide a thorough description of the species and the previously unknown female, and a discussion of the previous and current knowledge of the species. A remarkable, conspicuous species of longhorned woodboring beetle, Phoenicus sanguinipennis Lacordaire, previously known from only one male specimen, was rediscovered in the Dominican Republic 135 years after its initial discovery. During a survey of the Cerambycidae of the country, 27 specimens (16 males and 11 females) were found at lights and on dead Maclura tinctoria (Linnaeus) D. Don ex Steudel (Moraceae) at Punta Cana in La Altagracı́a Province (18u30.4779N, 68u22.4999W). We provide a redescription of the species, including the first description of the female, and a discussion of its host, distribution, and an historical overview of prior knowledge of the species. For maximum availability to the scientific community, we have distributed new material to 11 collections (5 major institutional collections and 6 private collections). Collection depository acronyms are as follows: USNM (National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., U.S.A.); PASC (Polish Academy of Sciences Collection, Warsaw, Poland); FSCA (Florida State Collection of Arthropods, Gainesville, Florida, U.S.A.); MNRJ (Museu Nacional, Quinta da Boa Vista, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil); MZSP (Museu de Zoologia da Universidad de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil); MNHN (Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France); ENPC (Eugenio Nearns Private Collection, Gainesville, Florida, U.S.A.); RTPC (Robert H. Turnbow, Jr. Private Collection, Ft. Rucker, Alabama, U.S.A.); FHPC (Frank T. Hovore Private Collection, Santa Clarita, California, U.S.A.); JWPC (James E. Wappes Private Collection, San Antonio, Texas, U.S.A.); RMPC (Roy F. Morris Private Collection, Lakeland, Florida, U.S.A.); DHPC (Daniel J. Heffern Private The Coleopterists Bulletin, 60(3):199–206. 2006.


In this paper, we studied a method of wirelessly checking up the POD for captive flight tests which is performed during the development of guided weapons systems. The wireless power transfer module, the power distribution device, and the battery pack were designed to wirelessly power the captive flight test POD, and the communication device was designed to enable wireless communication between the POD and the check-up device. The communication device was designed to enable WiFi, IR communication, and laser diode communication, so that various communication methods could be tested. Through the performance test, it was confirmed that power was stably supplied to the captive flight test POD, and the wireless communication performance was verified by measuring the delay time and error rate. As a result, by using our system the POD check-up for the captive flight test was performed wirelessly and the data of the captive equipment could be obtained effectively.


Archivists who keep videotapes for 50 years or longer have different needs than broadcasters who think of archival as anything that is not online and consider 10 years to be the lifetime for most video. This paper informs broadcast engineers about issues on long-term storage of videotapes, including the physical problems of binder breakdown, fungus, and thin basefilm. Another issue involves equipment both obsolescence and proper alignment and cleaning, Video formats is another area of major concern, particularly because the machines that meet criteria as an archival format are too expensive for archives, or the video is compressed and degrades the original analog material. Is there a truly archival video medium/format in the near future.


In order to determine the prevalence and risk factors of human parvovirus B19 (B19) infection in Taiwan, a seroepidemiological study was carried out in 19 townships. Serum samples were collected from 862 healthy residents, who were selected by stratified random sampling from various study areas. They were chosen from four different ethnic groups including aborigines, Fukien Taiwanese, Hakka Taiwanese, and mainland Chinese. Serum samples were screened for B19 IgG antibody by indirect antibody capture enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and B19 IgM by IgM antibody capture (MAC)‐ELISA, respectively. The overall prevalence of anti‐B19 IgG and anti‐B19 IgM was 32.8% and 0.35%, respectively. The anti‐B19 seropositive rate in females was significantly higher than that of males (36.4% vs. 29.4%, P < .001). The age‐sex‐adjusted seropositive rate in urban townships (39.9%) was higher than that in aboriginal townships (30.5%, P < .001). The seropositive rate increased significantly with age showing a dose–response relationship (P = 0.0001 based on a trend test). Blood transfusion was found to be associated with an increased seropositive rate showing a multivariate‐adjusted odds ratios of 1.6. J. Med. Virol. 57:169–173, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


A brief history of placer formation and patterns of formation of river valleys in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic are considered. The evolution of the hydraulic net-work, its inception along weakened ore-bearing zones determines the patterns of the position of gold placers in the Western Urals. The formation of gold-bearing placers within the structural-erosion depression is due to the sources of gold, the conditions of their destruction, the erosional incision of river valleys along thrust zones within the Visher-Visim depression. Five types of potentially productive gold placers have been identified, depending on the ratio of the erosional incision of river valleys and gold-bearing eluvium.


One hundred and twenty spring-calving Hereford x Angus cows grazing low-quality, tallgrass-prairie forage were fed 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, or 6.0 lb soybean meal (SBM) per head daily. SBM as a source of supplemental degradable intake protein (DIP) can be effective in maintaining cow body weight and body condition during the winter grazing season. Performance as measured by changes in body weight and condition score was maximized when cows received approximately 3.5 to 3.8 lb/day. Below this level, cows lost about 48 lb (about .4 units of BCS) for every 1 lb decrease in the amount of supplemental SBM. The effect of amount of supplemental SBM on calf performance was minimal.


Population structure and LD(Linkage disequilibrium)of 204 upland cotton accessions were analyzed with 79 SSR(Simple sequence repeat) markers located on nine chromosomes.Analysis of population genetic structure based on SSR data revealed that this population could be divided into three groups,two out of which were composed of three subgroups,respectively.47% of the SSR loci pairs showed LD at significant level of P≤0.05.The maximum genetic distance of LD could be observed extended to 120 cM.The LD average decay distance was 29.7 cM at r2≤0.05.Genome wide LD reduced to 3.4 cM at r2≥0.1,providing evidence of the potential for association mapping of important traits in cotton breeding program.


CO2-responsive Pickering emulsions were fabricated on the basis of polymeric nanoaggregates with adjustable surface wettability. The static Pickering emulsion system provides an efficient and sustainable platform for in situ separation and reuse of catalysts in biphasic reactions.


ABSTRACT A 34-year-old man with a very rapidly growing painful subungual epidermoid cyst is reported. The lesion caused almost complete nail loss.Extirpation of the cyst led to normal regrowth of the nail.Keywords: subungualepidermoidcyst,painfulsubungualtumors,nailtraumaCorrespondence: Prof Dr Eckart Haneke, Schlippehof 5, 79110 Freiburg, Germany. Tel: +49 761 3837400; Fax: +49 761 3837401;e-mail:firstname.lastname@example.com INTRODUCTION Epidermoid cysts are among the most frequent benign skintumors. They grow slowly and commonly develop from theacroinfundibular epithelium. Their location in the nail appara-tus is rare. 1,2 They usually result from a trauma with implan-tation of epidermis into the subcutaneous tissue, or even intothe bone, and are regarded pathophysiologically as implanta-tion epidermoid cysts. 2,3 The trauma may have occurred manyyears earlier and is not always remembered. 1 Surgery may alsolead to implantation of epidermis, or may leave epithelial rem-nants behind. Therefore, postoperative cysts occur close tothe scar.


From several specialized translators′definitions of translation,this paper deals with comparison and comments on some words,phrases,sentences and the context of two versions of Chinese translation about"A Good Heart to Lean On"in New College English from the angle of Mr.Liu Chong-de′s translating principles-equivalent in terms of meaning,natural and style.


From the new standards to latest developments on GCSEs and funding, we have compiled a roundup of the latest developments to hit early years apprenticeships


In this paper, we propose a rate-constrained distributed video coding-based region of interest (ROI) coding scheme. The proposed scheme appropriately determines ROI according to an available bit budget that depends on transmission channel and decoding environment. Its subjective quality is faithfully maintained via adaptive ROI definition of the available resources. Prior knowledge about the ROI is represented in terms of Gaussian mixture weighting function, which in turn determines the ROI according to the number of available bits. An adaptive quantization method is used in the ROI bit allocation. Compared to the existing non-ROI-based schemes, the proposed scheme not only improves the ROI coding performance but also the subjective quality of the entire picture.


The use of local or free flaps for the reconstruction of full-thickness lip or cheek tissues has become a routine procedure of head and neck reconstruction.1-3 This modality of treatment can successfully deal with the concomitant aesthetic and functional problem. The use of a free fibula flap is considered today to be a standard of reconstructive care for postablative mandibular defects.4 Since its introduction for head and neck reconstruction, the fibular skin paddle has been used extensively for reconstruction of the floor of the mouth or cheek skin.5-7 Although it is described and used, this flap is not advocated and has been considered to have a limited success rate in the reconstruction of the full-thickness cheek and lip defect.8-12 The need for 2 separate tissue types and textures often dictates the use of 2 free flaps. Thus, a combined mandible and lip defect is considered an indication to use 2 free flaps or a radial forearm osteocutaneous flap.8-12 The radial forearm osteocutaneous flap is not recommended from the prosthetic Received from the Hadassah University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.


The primate cochlea is a membranous, fluid‐filled receptor organ that is specialized for sound detection. Like other parts of the inner ear, the cochlea is contained within the bony labyrinth of the petrous temporal bone. The close anatomical relationship between the bony cochlear labyrinth and the membranous cochlea provides an opportunity to quantify cochlear size using osteological specimens. Although mechanisms of cochlear frequency analysis are well studied, relatively little is known about the functional consequences of interspecific variation in cochlear size. Previous comparative analyses have linked increases in basilar membrane length to decreases in both the high and low frequency limits of hearing in mammals. However, these analyses did not consider the potentially confounding effects of body mass or phylogeny. Here, we present measurements of cochlear labyrinth volume in 33 primate species based on high‐resolution computed tomography. These data demonstrate that cochlear labyrinth volume is strongly negatively allometric with respect to body mass. Scaling of cochlear volume in primates is very similar to scaling of basilar membrane length among mammals generally. Furthermore, an analysis of 10 primate taxa with published audiograms reveals that cochlear labyrinth volume is significantly negatively correlated with the high frequency limit of hearing. This result is independent of body mass and phylogeny, suggesting that cochlear size is functionally related to the range of audible frequencies in primates. Although the nature of this functional relationship remains speculative, our findings suggest that some hearing parameters of extinct taxa may be estimated using fossil petrosals. Anat Rec, 292:765–776, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Internet of Things (IoT) as an emergent technology, are set to progress the agriculture industry. Agriculture, as one of the sector, embracing IoT, to set the changes, deploying IoT for smart farming, creating what is now called as Smart Agriculture. Agriculture is the leading consumer of water around the globe, which sums to up to 70% of the total usage. Thus, making the ultimatum for smart water management as an assurance for water and food security as well as agricultural products. Water resources management includes planning, developing, distributing and managing the optimum use of water resources, which is vital for the proliferation of crop yields despite contributing to water sustainability. This article predominantly periodicals the engagement of a smart water management system prototype, the AGRI2L system, proposed as part of the IoT solution. The system architecture and a detailed description of the physical scenario on how AGRI2L system works for data management as part of IoT platforms. AGRI2L system allows being manageable and interoperable in the specific context of water resource management processes. This prototype aims at proposing a design for an implementation detail of smart water level and leakage monitoring system by engaging the real-time data to facilitate the analyst focuses more on analysis and actions in short period with low cost. Overall, data and IoT-based smart agriculture enable the future of agriculture.


Objective To explore the risk factors and countermeasures for patients who suffered from acute moderate / severe craniocerebral trauma secondary with cerebral infarction( TCI). Methods Totally 300 patientswho were diagnosed asacute moderate / severe craniocerebral trauma were included in this study,and 28 in the 300 patients secondary with TCI were chosen as observation group,the others were divided into control group. Analyse the risk factors which could leed to TCI. Results According to single factor analyse,Age,GCS score, subarachnoid hemorrhage,cerebral hernia,hypotension and diabetes were significantly related to TCI. Cerebral hernia and hypotension were independent risk factors for TCI according to logistic regression( P 0. 05). Conclusions In clinical treatment,we should attach great importance to the risk factors for TCI. To decrease the occurrence of TCI,we should reduce blood viscosity,monitor intracranial pressure,keep respiratory tract unobstructed and replenish blood capacity.


Costache Conachi is regarded as a "founder of spirit" (Eugen Simion), whose influence has left a profound mark on the evolution of erotic imagination in Romanian poetry. The poet distilled and essentialized the anacreontic discursive landmarks of the 18th century, thereby prefiguring the compelling lines that defined the vision of Romanian Romanticism. In his verses, he established the 'eroticonʹ of the gaze, the 'erotologyʹ of seduction, and sketched the first metaphysical contours of absolute love. The portrayal of love in Conachiʹs poetry is an artful fusion of hedonistic theory and intensely dramatic experience. Here, love reveals all its facets – from the grotesque and the caricatural to the profoundly tragic. What remains with us from Conachiʹs legacy is a seminal poetic erotology, one that has realigned the amorous discourse of its time to new coordinates of sensitivity and artistic vision.


OBJECTIVEThe long-term outcome of patients treated with gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) for typical trigeminal neuralgia has not been fully studied. We evaluated 185 patients who underwent their first GKRS treatment between 1997 and 2003 at the Barrow Neurological Institute. METHODSFollow-up was obtained by surveys and review of medical records. Outcomes were assessed by the Barrow Neurological Institute Pain Intensity Score and Brief Pain Inventory. The most common maximum dose was 80 Gy targeted at the root entry zone. Outcomes are presented for the 136 (74%) patients for whom more than 4 years of clinical follow-up data were obtained. RESULTSTreatment failed in 33% of the cohort within 2 years, but only an additional 1% relapsed after 4 years. Actuarial analysis demonstrated that 32% of patients were pain-free off medication and 63% had at least a good outcome at 7 years. When GKRS was used as the primary treatment, 45% of the patients were pain-free at 7 years. In contrast, 10% of patients in whom previous treatment had failed were pain-free. When needed, salvage therapy with repeat GKRS, microvascular decompression, or percutaneous lesioning was successful in 70%. Posttreatment facial numbness was reported as very bothersome in 5%, most commonly in patients who underwent another invasive treatment. After GKRS, 73% reported that trigeminal neuralgia had no impact on their quality of life. CONCLUSIONGKRS is a reasonable long-term treatment option for patients with typical trigeminal neuralgia. It yields durable pain control in a majority of patients, as well as improved quality of life with limited complications and it does not significantly affect the efficacy of other surgical treatments, should they be needed.


Interferometrie techniques to measure mechanical displacement are subject to constraints ultimately governed by quantum mechanics. In a "standard" measurement of a mechanically induced optical phase shift, there exists a trade-off between measurement imprecision and motion disturbance, known as standard quantum limit (SQL) [1]. For a mechanical resonator with susceptibility χm(Ω), this limit is SSQL(Ω) = ħ|χm(Ω)| (ħ reduced Planck constant), at any frequency Ω. In the last half-century, a number of systems, including advanced LIGO and ultracold atoms have progressed towards this limit, but excess sources of noise have yet prevented fully reaching the SQL. Here, we show measurements of an ultracoherent mechanical resonator performed at the SQL within 33% [2] and, for the first time, below the SQL by 1.5 dB[3]. The latter has been possible by a non-standard measurement scheme that explois quantum correlations between optical quadratures induced in the optomechanical device.


Sexual Genogram: An Intervention Strategy in Couple Therapy Abstract Hof and Berman, in 1986, developed the sexual genogram, an instrument created in order to relate the individual experiences in the family of origin with the current sexuality of the couple. This paper presents a case study in which the sexual genogram was used to assist a couple to understand their present behavior patterns, as well as the origin of those patterns. We present theoretical studies about the family patterns transmission exercised by the family of origin, the couple formation according to the transgenerational influence, intimacy and sexuality aspects of the couple's life, correlating those aspects with clinical practice. Keywords: transgenerationality; family of origin; sexuality; intimacy; sexual genogram. Betina Casanova Forgearini e Helena Centeno Hintz


We report on the first laser diode pumped Nd:YVO4 fundamental and second harmonic lasers made in China. The threshold pumping power of the LD-pumped Nd:YVO4 fundamental laser is 4.5 mW. The cw 1064 nm output power is 64 mW with slope efficiency of 10.7%. The threshold pumping power of the LD-pumped Nd:YVO4 intracavity frequency doubling laser with KTP doubler is 12.5 mW. Nineteen mW of fundamental-mode 532 nm green laser were measured with a slope with a slope efficiency of 3.2$%. Experiment setups and results are discussed.


A transformer differential protection algorithm is proposed based on the third-order dynamic time warping(DTW). This method makes use of the current sample value within the bilateral data window of differential protection to constitute the shortest distance matrix.Via the shortest distance searching algorithm,a shortest path can be found in the matrix and take the average value of local shortest distance elements in the matrix through which the path passes as the differential current of bilateral sample current.Should data delay and data packet-loss happen in a digital substation for communication reasons,by using this differential protection algorithm,protection malfunction due to external faults can be avoided and protection can act reliably during internal faults.Simulation has verified the action performance of conventional phase differential protection and DTW differential protection during external or internal faults in different delay circumstances and different packet loss rates conditions.The results show that DTW differential protection has obvious advantages over conventional phase differential protection in delay-resistant,packet loss-resistant performance and sensitivity.


Polyaroylenebenzimidazoles containing quinoxal-2,3-diyl groups are synthesized by interaction of 2,3-di(3,4-diaminophenyl)quinoxaline with dianhydrides of 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic, 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic, and some bisnaphthalic acids. It is shown that polyaroylenebenzimidazoles thus obtained combine solubility in phenolic solvents with high thermal stability and heat resistance.


Due to the structural complexity of the bone, it is difficult to diagnose and make a treatment plan for injuries and diseases in bones. In this paper, we designed and implemented a telediagnosis system for orthopedic deformity analysis based on 3D medical imaging. In order to define the intersseous relationships in each bone and to evaluate a deformity without invasions, the system produces volumetric images by reconstructing the planar images spatially and provides deformity analysis by measuring distance, area, volume and angle among the bones. The reconstructed volumetric images are freely manipulated to simulate surgical operations such as translation, scaling, rotation and so on. Our system integrates three main components: server, clients and communication subsystem. It is also composed of three main functions including the information control manager for event and message process used between client and server, and surgical simulation manager for object visualization and manipulation in individual bones, and the medical database manager for patient information. The system also supports user-friendly graphical user interface and simultaneous use by multiple users.


The hypothesis test, Pearson's chi-square presented that the differences found between the active and sedentary groups are significant, with 94.4%of certainty. A sample with a university degree (75.4%), practicing physical activity (84%) without depression (80.6%) underlines the certainty that the educational level and physical activity directly influence the depression of the older people


Study Design Case-control study. Purpose To evaluate clinical and radiological results of transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) performed with cortical bone trajectory (CBT) pedicle screw insertion with those of TLIF using 'conventional' or percutaneous pedicle screw insertion. Overview of Literature CBT is a new trajectory for pedicle screw insertion in the lumbar spine; clinical and radiological results of TLIF using pedicle screws inserted with CBT are unclear. Methods In total, 26 patients (11 males, 15 females) were enrolled in this retrospective study and divided into three groups: TLIF with pedicle screw insertion by conventional minimally invasive methods via the Wiltse approach (M-TLIF, n=10), TLIF with percutaneous pedicle screw insertion (P-TLIF, n=6), and TLIF with pedicle screw insertion with CBT (CBT-TLIF, n=10). Surgical results and preand postoperative radiological findings were evaluated and compared. Results Intraoperative blood loss was significantly less with CBT-TLIF (p=0.03) than with M-TLIF. Postoperative lordotic angles did not differ significantly among the three groups. Complete fusions were obtained in 10 of 12 levels (83%) with M-TLIF, in seven levels (100%) with P-TLIF, and in 10 of 11 levels (91%) with CBT-TLIF. On postoperative computed tomography, correct positioning was seen in 84.1% of M-TLIF screws, 88.5% of P-TLIF screws, and 90% of CBT-TLIF screws. Conclusions CBT-TLIF resulted in less blood loss and a shorter operative duration than M-TLIF or P-TLIF. Postoperative rates of bone union, maintenance of lordotic angles, and accuracy of pedicle screw positions were similar among the three groups.


The incidence of chronic kidney diseases is increasing worldwide, and there is no efficient therapy to reduce this phenomenon. The main therapies currently available focus on the control of blood pressure and the optimization of the blockade of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). In addition, it is known that in several models of kidney damage, the amounts of connexins are altered. On the other hand, fasudil, a selective ROCK blocker, has shown renoprotective effects. The beneficial effects of blocking the RhoA/ROCK pathway in renal function may be related to its action of reducing macrophage infiltration, inflammation, and oxidative stress (OS), its expression of extracellular matrix genes and proteinuria, or to its effects on connexin abundance. Even though a correlation has been found between renal damage, caused by an increase in the RAS activity, connexins, and the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway, it has not yet been possible to clearly determine its functional significance. Moreover, it has not been possible to identify the preponderance of this signaling pathway in the development of chronic kidney diseases. Here, we describe the advances in this subject.


Abstract Polymer light-emitting diodes are fabricated using poly[2-methoxy-5-(2′-ethyl-hexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene] as an emissive material, and sodium sulfonated polystyrene (SSPS) ionomers with several different neutralization levels as an electron injecting and hole blocking layer. The SSPS with higher neutralization level makes the EL device more efficient. The highest efficiency was found at 200% overneutralization of the ionomer. The main reason for this is that the overneutralization in the ionomer helps to form a more favorable morphology to block holes better by tightening the cluster.


P renal dysfunction is a widely accepted harbinger of mortality for patients undergoing liver transplantation (LT). Model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) prioritization of such patients, coupled with an inability to accurately predict post-LT renal recovery or persistent renal failure, led to a dramatic increase in simultaneous liver-kidney transplantation (SLKT), albeit with widely disparate center practices owing to a lack of clear dual-organ listing guidelines. In August of 2017, United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) enacted policies 9.7 and 8.5G, which codified strict medical criteria for simultaneous liver-kidney (SLK) listing and enacted a "Safety Net" to allow for expedited kidney transplantation (KT) in LT recipients with persistent post-LT renal failure, respectively. In this issue of Transplantation, Cullaro et al report an excellent, timely analysis of kidney allograft outcomes comparing SLKT recipients with patients undergoing kidney after LT (KALT) utilizing the UNOS database from 2002 to 2017. By stratifying SLKT recipients by their MELD score at LT into 3 tiers (MELD <25, MELD ≥25– <35, and MELD ≥35), they show an increasing prevalence of 90-day and 1-year kidney allograft failure between KALT, SLKT <25, SLKT 25/35, and SLKT ≥35, with the highest proportion observed in SLKT ≥35 recipients (9.3% and 14.7%, respectively). Because the new UNOS "Safety Net" provision allows for expedited KT in LT recipients with persistent post-LT renal failure, the authors reasonably conclude that proceeding with SLKT in the high MELD population should be done thoughtfully to mitigate the risk of renal allograft loss and futility, which has been shown to be as high as 21% at 3 months in a high-acuity cohort. However, several points are worth noting. First, because of a lack of granularity in the UNOS database, detailed etiologies for kidney failures are sorely missing; however, as can be gleaned from the reported "death-censored" kidney failures, recipient mortality contributed a substantial proportion across all groups. Without elaboration on the specific details for either patient deaths or kidney allograft failures in liver recipients who remain alive, it is difficult to further refine our understanding and decision making to avoid renal allograft futility. Second, there was significant heterogeneity in the KALT patients included in this analysis. The majority of the KALT recipients (75%) received KT >1 year following LT (median time to KT: 2.7 y), representing a group with limited relevance to the LT recipients the "Safety Net" was intended for. A sensitivity analysis in the 368 KALT patients (25%) who received KT within 1 year was important as a surrogate analysis of likely "Safety Net" recipients. In this subgroup, the 90-day and 1-year kidney failure rates were 5.4% and 8.4%, significantly greater than the KALT group as a whole and approaching what was observed in SLK <25. Additionally, "death-censored" kidney failures in this group were negligible, implicating recipient mortality as the primary reason for kidney allograft loss which warrants further investigation. Third, KALT patients fundamentally differ from SLKT recipients, in that their liver function was undoubtedly normal before KT. In the study, 66% of the 398 ninetyday kidney failures and 78% of the 652 one-year kidney failures had concomitant liver allograft failure, which increased substantially with greater recipient MELD scores (Supplemental Table 1). Furthermore, increasing SLKT recipient MELD scores and intensive care unit status at time of KT were the dominant factors predicting 90-day and 1-year kidney failure in multivariate analyses (Tables 2 and 3, respectively), with kidney donor profile index essentially identical in the 652 one-year kidney failures across the 4 groups (P 0.97, Table 4). Taken collectively, it is clear that high recipient acuity and liver-related mortality overwhelmingly drive the majority of "kidney failures" in the SLKT cohort. Although the data were not available, we could surmise that marginal liver allograft function and an overall tenuous perioperative recipient condition may have contributed substantially to the remainder of the "deathcensored" kidney failures, even in patients without overt liver allograft failure. Finally, although I agree with the authors' contention that deferring kidney transplantation until after LT utilizing the "Safety Net" in high MELD recipients may Commentary


Trying to observe the reason behind the differences in the nature of space that exists on earth and on the outer space led to the path were space and gravity meets. This paper presents a theory which comprises of an already existing effect that has helped to determine the following;


Wireless power transfer technology is emerging as a reliable solution for energizing the sensors by deploying a mobile charger (MC) to recharge the sensor. However, designing an optimal charging path for the MC is challenging because of uncertainties arising in the networks. The energy consumption rate of the sensors may fluctuate significantly due to unpredictable changes in the network topology, such as node failures. These changes also lead to shifts in the importance of each sensor, which are often assumed to be the same in existing works. We address these challenges in this paper by proposing a novel adaptive charging scheme using a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) approach. Specifically, we endow the MC with a charging policy that determines the next sensor to charge conditioning on the current state of the network. We then use a deep neural network to parametrize this charging policy, which will be trained by reinforcement learning techniques. Our model can adapt to spontaneous changes in the network topology. The empirical results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the existing on-demand algorithms by a significant margin.


J R Coll Gen Pract 1971 ;21 :32. 2 Morrell DC, Avery AJ, Watkins CJ. The management of minor illness. Br MedJ3 1980;280:769-71. 3 Armitage P. Statistical methods in medical research. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1971 :127. 4 Moldofsky H, Broder I, Davies G, Leznoff A. Videotape educational program for people with asthma. Can Med Assoc J 1979;120:669-72. 5 Darnell DK. Some "basics" to get back to: a transactional perspective on teacher-learning. Communication Education 1978 ;27 :277-85. 6 Phillips AJ, Brennan ME. Reactions of Canadian women to Pap tests and breast self-examination. Canadian Family Physician 1976;22:1261-4.


The ability of Additive Manufacturing (AM) to produce on demand and patient specific medical devices has made it an attractive technology in the medical orthoses and prosthetic environment. Current available dynamic hand splints are not cost effective and have extended manufacturing lead times due to the patient specific and complex nature of the devices. This paper highlights the use of AM to locally manufacture cost effective and accessible patient specific dynamic hand splints. AM design principles such as lattice structures and in process assembly of parts were utilized to produce a dynamic hand splint with improved functionality, allowing for motion in a specific direction while restricting and supporting undesired motion.


In this book, Tamao Zhou investigates the ethnic Chinese dimension in the making of the governmental relations between China and Indonesia, from the surrender of the Japanese in 1945 up to 1967 – year which marks the breakdown of diplomatic relations between the PRC and Indonesia – with numerous flashbacks into the first half of the 20th century. In the introduction, the author explains that she relied on the Chinese Foreign Ministry Archives (declassified in 2008, but reclassified in 2013), ...


Collaborative tests conducted by the US Environmental Protection Agency and the Midwest Research Institute prove that the sodium arsenite method for 24-hr integrated measurement of NO/sub 2/ in ambient air is accurate and precise. Simultaneous sampling of ambient air and the same air spiked with NO/sub 2/ indicated that the method had 1) a bias of -3% of the NO/sub 2/ concentration over the measured range of 84-312 micrograms/m/sup 3/, and 2) a lower detectable limit of 8 micrograms/m/sup 3/.


Risky health behaviours, such as risky driving, typically peak in late adolescence and early adulthood. There is debate within the literature as to whether young people who engage in these risks do so because of differences in risk-perception compared with those who do not engage in the same risks. In this study high- and low-risk adolescent drivers responded to a number of questions about risk perception. Some of the questions were outcome-focused (e.g. "How at risk are you of being in an accident") while others were behaviour-focused (e.g "How risky is it to drive at fast speeds?"). Compared with low-risk drivers, high-risk drivers rated their personal risk as higher on outcome-focused questions, i.e. they believed they were more likely to be involved in a negative traffic event. However, for behaviour-focused questions, high-risk drivers indicated the behaviour as being less risky, i.e. they believed that driving at fast speeds is less dangerous than low-risk drivers do. These results are in line with previous findings (relating to other behaviours) which indicate that the way risk perception questions are asked may influence the relationship between risk-perception and risk-engagement. The implications for these findings are discussed.


The standard Master Curve (MC) deals only with materials assumed to be homogeneous, but MC analysis methods for inhomogeneous materials have also been developed. Especially the bi-modal and multi-modal analysis methods are becoming more and more standard. Their drawback is that these methods are generally reliable only with sufficiently large data sets (number of valid tests, r ≥ 15–20). Here, the possibility of using the multi-modal analysis method with smaller data sets is assessed, and a new procedure to conservatively account for possible inhomogeneities is proposed.


The purpose of this thesis was to (1), examine how organizational climate directly affects employees change readiness before a merger between three Norwegian police districts, using the Competing Values Framework quadrats, human relation and rational goal approach. (2) Investigate how these climate approaches directly affect intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, and (3) how intrinsic and extrinsic motivation indirectly affect the relationship between the two climate approaches and change readiness. The thesis contributes to the psychological research field by providing empirical evidence leading to the advancement of knowledge on organizational climate, and by establishing that work theories have limitations when it comes to more specialized organizations. Data was collected from a long-term collaborative research project between the Department of Research at the Norwegian Police University College and the Department of Psychology at the University of Oslo. The sample consisted of 940 employees from three different police districts. The thesis tested ten hypotheses regarding the relationship between the selected variables through structural equation modeling. The results indicate that the rational goal approach has a direct positive effect on change readiness. The human relation approach did not display such effect. Further, the results showed that intrinsic motivation indirectly affects both the relationship between the two climate approaches and change readiness. The extrinsic motivation showed no significant effects, neither directly nor indirectly. These findings are discussed in terms of their theoretical contribution and methodological implications. In addition to the practical importance these findings have for the Norwegian police force.


Purpose –– This study was conducted to assess the menstrual hygiene knowledge and practices of adolescent girls in the Krobo area of Ghana.

Methods –– It adopted a cross-sectional study where 245 Junior High School girls from eight schools in two municipal districts of Ghana were studied.

Findings –– The study identified that only 35% of students frequently change pads, although 96% of them use sanitary pads. It was also detected that girls avoid school when they are menstruating for reasons such as severe bleeding, fear of stains, painful periods and a lack of facilities at school which impacts their academic performance negatively.

Conclusion & Recommendations –– The study revealed that the majority of the girls do not change pads or dispose of them while in school due to inadequate facilities. Therefore, it is highly recommended that schools give proper education and provide appropriate facilities for girls' academic advancement, good health and well-being.

Keywords –– Menstrual hygiene, Water, Sanitation and Health, Adolescent girls, School health programme


The present invention relates to the field of medicine, particularly to brinzolamide ophthalmic formulation and preparation method and application. The technical problem solved by the present invention is to provide several brinzolamide ophthalmic preparations, or object to prolong the residence time of the eye, or to enhance bioavailability, chosen to provide a new formulation to reduce intraocular pressure or treating glaucoma. Specific formulations are temperature-sensitive in situ gel ophthalmic agents, pH sensitive in situ ophthalmic gel, ion sensitive ophthalmic gel in situ, brinzolamide liposomes, nanoparticles brinzolamide Brin nanosuspension dorzolamide, brinzolamide composite gel formulations, are useful for treating diseases such as glaucoma and ocular hypertension, gels prolong the retention time of drug in the eye, to reduce the number of doses and dose not only improved patient compliance, and can reduce the side effects of drugs. At the same time, failing to add any preservatives, the use of single-dose packaging, reducing the long-term use of eye drops eye irritation, greatly improving the safety of medication.


According to today's too old oil wells available in the world, MEOR method can be very effective for increasing of oil tanks exploitation. In general, purpose of this paper is to obtain a set of optimal conditions of using microbes by creation of which the efficiency level of tanks exploitation will be raised. We used Bacillus Licheniformis bacteria in our experiments and our goal is to create suitable conditions for this kind of bacteria in terms of temperature, PH and salinity that can be used for increasing efficiency level of oil tanks exploitation. In our experiments, obtained efficiencies in salinity values of 0 ppm to 100000 ppm and in temperatures of 40 0 C to 70 0 C were compared to show that highest efficiency in these ranges will be obtained at 40 0 C and 50000 ppm Nacl. In addition, we obtained IFT values at different temperatures (30 0 C, 40 0 C and50 0 C) and PH values (6 to 8) and also the effect of these bacteria on permeability and porosity changes at different salinities.We can conclude that in certain conditions, using this type of bacteria will reduce porosity and permeability. Finally, according to obtained results of these experiments, optimal conditions for creation of a favorable environment for the bacteria of Bacillus Licheniformis are determined or in other words we want to determine circumstances in which we have highest efficiency and lowest amount of IFT.


According to researches, it has been proven that ca ring for elderly clients with challenging behavior; (dementia) carries a high cost to care gi v rs' health. And this is associated with negative consequences for physical and mental healt h sta us. The aim of this study was to review research on elderly clients with challenging behavior, in order to explore measures/ strategies for caregivers to care for them with eas e, without so much stress to caregivers' psychological and mental well-being. This will hel p foster patients' safety and quality of life. The method used in this study was: Qualitative, sys tematic literature review on scientific research articles that were currently published on the subject challenging behavior, Dementia and coping strategies in nursing homes. Content analysis was the method used to analyze the articles. Common themes were grouped into categ ories. Following the results, the author was able to identify characteristics or sympto ms for challenging behaviors and strategies to cope with their demanding needs. Some of th e characteristics of these behaviors that challenged are Aggression, wandering, shouting, hoa rding, sexual disinhibition, eating disorder, inappropriate toileting, repetitive question ing, self-injurious behavior and apathy. Coping strategy includes a non-pharmacological appr oach, which will ease the stress clients with challenging behaviors are encountering. In con clusion, this study considers the phenomenon of challenging behavior perpetrated by clie nts with dementia in nursing homes, the emotional impacts of assault on carers and othe r professionals . Therefore, the subject is alarming and effort should be put in order to help assist meet the client's caring needs.


A trial wavefunction, Psi 1, which contains both linear and nonlinear parameters is constructed using an approximate target wavefunction, Psi 1 is related to a quantity, av, which becomes the Kohn scattering length if the target wavefunction is exact, through an integral expression corresponding to a slight modification of the usual Kohn variational method. It is conjectured that if the values of av display a local minimum when all the nonlinear parameters of Psi 1 are varied, then this local minimum value of av is an upper bound on the exact scattering length. Calculations on the zero-energy positron-helium scattering system using Hylleraas-type approximations to the helium ground-state wavefunction are analysed using this criterion. The use of either a six-parameter or a ten-parameter Hylleraas-type approximation to the helium ground-state wavefunction can give good results in scattering calculations for the positron-helium system at zero energy.


This paper involves the design of a textile antenna for smart clothing at two different frequency bands (MICS and ISM). This was implemented using three nonidentical dielectric substrate (textile) materials namely leather, silk and nylon. The overall dimension of the antenna is set to be 215.5×115×h where h represents the height of the corresponding substrate material used. The dimensions of the antenna were kept constant and the results were obtained just by changing the substrates alone. A comparative study has also been carried out to find out which substrate gives better result. Leather gives a maximum reflection coefficient value of −15dB and gain of 2.72dB which is comparatively better than the other two substrates.


Product warranties have become an integral part of many manufacturers' and retailer's marketing strategies. Some organizations promote extended warranties since they have high profit margins. This paper deals with the relationship and difference between basic product warranties and extended warranties, and analyzes the operation model of extended warranties. On the basis of identification and classification the risks in operation of extended warranties, the paper offers some suggestions to management of extended warranties from the angle of manufacturers.


We measured the intraoral nitrite-producing activity in 100 healthy adults by the "NO3--solution method" and the "NO3--filter paper method" in order to investigate the variations of nitrite-producing activity with age and sex. A fairly high positive correlation (r=0.636, P<0.01) was found between the values obtained by the two methods.The geometric mean values (95% confidence limits) of nitrite-producing activity in males and females obtained by the "NO3--solution method" were 46.20 (40.33-52.88) and 29.72 (23.61-37.41)μg/min, respectively. The difference between the sexes was significant at the 5% level as determined by the "NO3--solution method", but there were no statistically significant differences among various age groups in either sex.


As-cast ZrCrNi was found to exhibit high capacities and good cycle life when used as a hydride electrode in nickel/metal hydride batteries, but was extremely slow to activate. As-cast ZrCrNi was found to be comprised of a primary C14 Laves phase with a uniformly dispersed second phase of Zr{sub 7}Ni{sub 10}. When annealed to a single C14 phase, ZrCrNi delivered virtually no capacity. Microscopic studies of activated and unactivated material suggests that the key activation mechanism is the formation of a ubiquitous network of microcracks. A model is proposed to explain the formation of the microcracks and their role in activation. It is further shown that activation can be greatly accelerated by a pulse activation process.


Based on neural network technology,functional program which can forecast finshed product rate,is developed using C/C++ program language under theWin32 integrated development environment Visual C++ on Windows platform.


Rapid urbanization in Nguru has recently contributed to significant land use/land cover (LULC) changes, the purpose of this research is to study the spatio-temporal trends of LULC changes in Nguru LGA, Yobe State, Nigeria. The factors that contributed to LULC changes are: bio-physical impacts, desertification, sand-dunes encroachment, loss of vegetal cover, a decrease in bird population, climate change, the conversion of farmlands to built-up areas, accumulation of pollutants in flood risk disaster and decrease in annual rainfall. We used Multi-temporal Landsat data to analyze the LULC pattern in the study area based on 20 years data. Results showed a significant urban expansion, with built-up area increased from 446 hectares in 2001 to 768 hectares in 2011 and 2,483 hectares in 2021. The green area's land area decreased from 7932 hectares in 2001 to 6,404 hectares in 2011 and 365 hectares in 2021. These findings may provide a snapshot of the LULC trends from spatial-temporal perspective of which useful to the conservationists, urban planners, environmental managers and decision makers in implementing sustainable land-use management and strategies for the study area. The Nigerian government's environmental regulations for wetlands and lakeshore aimed to protect wetlands as habitats for various animal and plant species, ensure the conservation and responsible use of wetlands and their resources in Nigeria, and ensure water catchments are protected and floods are monitored.


Developed polymer composition consisting of starch, CMC and sericine as a thickener has the characteristics of the highest washability. At a temperature that equals to 800C, for 40 minutes washing circuit about 75% of thickener formulations of polymeric composition are removed from the fabric, in case of the conventional starch thickener only 10% of thickener formulations are removed.


This paper presents effective design of ternary ALU using Carbon Nano tube Field effect transistor (CNTFET) atv32 nm technology. Ternary logic is possible substitutes to traditional binary logic, because more number operation can performed using ternary logic as compare to binary logic due to this possible to achieve simplicity and energy efficient inrecent digital logic design due to reduced circuit interconnects and chip area in the circuit. Ternary ALU is design using ternary logic in Carbon Nano tube Field effect transistor. This ALU perform logical and Arithmetic operation. The logical operation like Inversion, NAND, NOR AND, OR and Arithmetic operations addition, subtraction multiplication. As this ALU design using ternary logic the area required is less and power consumption of this ALU is low because design using CNTFET.ALU design using Stanford University 32 nm CNTFET model and output result is observed in HSPICE.


The last fifteen years have seen the introduction of several new types of high-pressure sodium lamp designed, over a range of power ratings, to give either very high efficacies or better colour characteristics. In order to design any of these lamps it is necessary to specify eleven variables. This paper shows how for one type of lamp (the standard high-pressure sodium lamp) a multiple regression procedure has been used to derive equations from experimentally observed relationships between efficacy, power, voltage, bore, arc tube length, arc tube wall thickness and sodium mole fraction. The equations have been brought together in a computer program so that new lamp designs can be obtained by keying in values for five variables; namely power, voltage, bore, wall thickness and sodium mole fraction. The program then calculates the current, arc length for maximum efficacy and the magnitude of the efficacy for each chosen combination of the variables. The optimum lamp design and ballast combination can then be selected from the calculated data.


5 Introduction 5 History and Context 7 Why ECD? 8 The ECD Framework and its relationship to technology 10 Domain Analysis 11 Domain Modeling 14 21st Century Skills 15 The Effect of 21st Century Technology on Domain Analysis and Domain Modeling 18 The Conceptual Assessment Framework 19 The Student or Proficiency Model: What are we measuring? 20 Evidence Models: How are we measuring it? 21 Task Models: Where do we measure it? 23 The Effect of 21st Century Technology on the CAF 24 Assessment Implementation and Delivery: The Four Process Model 25 An Application of ECD Using 21 Century Technology 27 Task Selection 28 Presentation 29 Evidence Identification/Task Scoring 30 Evidence Accumulation 32 Future directions, Current limitations 33 Games and Embedded Assessment 34 Understanding Trace Data 36 Curriculum-Assessment-Gaming Integration 38 Concluding Observations 39 References 41


This research addresses the gap concerning the definition and understanding of "urgent projects." The aim is to clarify the conceptual underpinnings and implications of the term "urgent" in project management. Utilizing Lexical Semantic Analysis, the paper investigates various meanings attributed to "urgent." Subsequently, a Systematic Literature Search is conducted, scrutinizing 378 studies and focusing on 65 that are most relevant. Through this methodological framework, the research spans the semantic nuances and practical considerations associated with urgent projects. Results indicate a range of interpretations of urgency, as well as a set of challenges and qualitative aspects critical to managing urgent projects. The paper identifies both inconsistencies and consistencies in the existing academic discourse. Finally, by offering a refined definition and conceptual framework, the study serves as a point of reference for both academic researchers and practitioners.


This paper reviewed the 40-year evolution of German electromagnetic(EMS) maglev vehicles.The first worldwide maglev demonstration vehicle developed by MBB in 1971 and other further Transrapid technologies of German maglev system were introduced.The existing key technologies of EMS maglev vehicles,such as the electromagnetic suspension and guidance control system,the linear motor propulsion system and the elevated guideway of maglev vehicles were analyzed.Also the prospect of maglev transportation system was given.


Polymeric silver(I) butyl xanthate, [Ag(Bu-XA)] n , was synthesized and crystallographically characterized. The polymer shows chair conformation of eight-membered ring units and a novel mode of coordination, with a structural arrangement different from that in silver dialkyldithiocarbamate and dialkyldithiophosphates. The polymeric structure of the new complex is formed by corrugated planes.


Abstract The European snow vole (Chionomys nivalis) is a microtine rodent with a highly fragmented distribution range, mostly associated with the main mountain systems from southern Europe to Turkmenistan. In this paper we confirm the occurrence of the snow vole in Portugal, based on morphological characteristics, biometrics and genetic analysis of two individuals captured in the Montesinho Mountain range (northeastern Portugal). Both mitochondrial and nuclear genetic markers were used to confirm the species identity. The analysis of cytochrome b supports previous conclusions on the phylogeographic structure of the species, revealing the existence of several distinct lineages. Moreover, it shows that the Portuguese specimens are closely related to the other Iberian populations. This finding is of great interest as it adds new information regarding the spatial distribution of the snow vole, by redefining the southwestern limits of the species' range, and it highlights the need for accurate assessment of regional small mammal population trends and conservation status.


This article will explore a pregnant woman's experience of relationship with the fetus, using a clinical case study in which abortion would have been clinically indicated because of severe fetal abnormality. Emphasizing the pregnant woman's actual experience in this case study helps to highlight inadequacies in how the debate about abortion is usually conducted.


Recognizing different kinds of fruits and vegetables is a common task in supermarkets. This task, however, poses several challenges as it requires the identification of different species of a particular produce and also its variety. Usually, existing computer-based recognition approaches are not automatic and demand long-term and laborious prior training sessions. This paper presents a novel framework for classifier fusion aiming at supporting the automatic recognition of fruits and vegetables in a supermarket environment. The objective is to provide an effective mechanism for combining low-cost classifiers trained for specific classes of interest. The experiments performed demonstrate that the proposed framework yields better results than several related work found in the literature and represents a step forward automatic produce recognition in cashiers of supermarkets.


The Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), was eradicated from all Japanese territories in 1986; however, because neighboring countries remain infested by this or closely related species of the B. dorsalis complex, a small number of flies occasionally fly into the Ryukyu Islands of southwestern Japan. In order to examine the geographic origins of these flies, we compared restriction-banding patterns of the PCR-amplified mitochondrial 12S ribosomal RNA gene (rDNA) fragment (300 bp-long) among 455 specimens collected in the Ryukyu Islands, Taiwan, and the Philippines, and detected from fruits imported from the Philippines and Continental China and intercepted at Narita International Airport. Of five banding patterns detected using the restriction enzyme MseI, one pattern was observed only from insects originating in the Philippines and the Sakishima region in the southwestern part of the Ryukyu Islands. In phylogenetic analysis based on the sequence obtained in this and previous studies (1,138 bp-long mitochondrial DNA fragment from 16S to 12S rDNA), insects showing this banding pattern were tightly grouped with B. philippinensis Drew and Hancock endemic to the Philippines. Based on the results, we discussed the possibility that the fruit flies might have flown into the Sakishima region directly from the Philippines.


Most fault diagnosis systems in mechanic domain usually emphasize on the correctness of the hypothesized result. In time constrained situations, the efficiency of the diagnostic process becomes more important and should not be overlooked. This paper proposes a new inference strategy that can enhance the efficiency of the diagnostic process. Specifically, the proposed inference strategy attempts to find out the most efficient diagnostic process for detecting the cause of machine malfunction by the aid of multi-attribute decision making (MADM) method and hill-climbing search method. To verify the performance of the proposed inference strategy, two VCR diagnosis expert systems have been generated. One is developed by applying the proposed approach, and the other one is an ordinary expert system. The evaluation result indicates that the former system requests less diagnosis time than the latter system does when forty real repair records are employed.


Energy spectra of quasi-one-dimensional quantum rings with a few electrons are studied using several different theoretical methods. Discrete Hubbard models and continuum models are shown to give similar results governed by the special features of the one-dimensionality. The energy spectrum of the many-body system can be described with a rotation-vibration spectrum of a 'Wigner molecule' of 'localized' electrons, combined with the spin-state determined from an effective antiferromagnetic Heisenberg Hamiltonian. The persistent current as a function of magnetic flux through the ring shows periodic oscillations arising from the 'rigid rotation' of the electron ring. For polarized electrons the periodicity of the oscillations is always the flux quantum Phi_0. For nonpolarized electrons the periodicity depends on the strength of the effective Heisenberg coupling and changes from \Phi_0 first to Phi_0/2 and eventually to Phi_0/N when the ring gets narrower.


Riemerella anatipestifer infection is a contagious disease of ducks,goose,turkeys and various other birds,and has caused the highest mortality among duck diseases.Serotype 1 is one of the most prevalent serotype of R.anatipestifer infection.To efficient control the infection,we developed the inactivated oil-emulsion vaccines of serotype 1 R.anatipestifer.In this study,ten isolates of serotype 1 R.anatipestifer were injected intramuscularly into 7-day-old Cherry valley ducklings to restore the bacterial virulence and the bacteria re-isolated from the inoculated ducklings were used as seed bacteria.The median lethal dose(LD50) of isolates CH3,WJ4 and YL4 were determined as 2×108 cfu,3.25×108 cfu and 2.37×106 cfu respectively.Five isolates of the R.anatipestifer were used to prepare inactivated oil-emulsion vaccines,respectively.Cherry valley ducklings were immunized twice subcutaneously at 5 and 18-day-old,respectively,and all the ducklings developed high titers of specific antibodies against R.anatipestifer.The ducklings immunized with CH3,CQ3 or YXb12 vaccine were 100% protected from the challenges of 2LD50 of WJ4 or CH3.


While the recent environmental movement has enjoyed much success in generating proenvironmental attitudes in the public, it has not found similar success when it comes to generating pro-environmental behaviors. This phenomenon is supported by ample research suggesting that attitudes are not effective predictors of behaviors, especially in the case of environmental issues. This research examines the attitude-behavior relationship through a cultural lens by comparing the pro-environmental dispositions and behaviors of five key ethnic groups. Specifically, the study tested 2,500 subjects for cultural identification, agreement with the New Ecological Paradigm, and self-reported environmental behaviors. The research found significant differences between the ethnic groups on attitude-behavior correlations and environmental dispositions. These findings indicate that ethnicity is not only a strong predictor of environmental disposition, but also of the likelihood a person will convert pro-environmental attitudes into pro-environmental behaviors.


WITH THE INCREASING USE OF LIGHT-COLORED ARTIFICIAL STONES IT BECOMES NECESSARY TO CALCULATE THE PROPORTION IN A BITUMINOUS MIXTURE. A METHOD OF TESTING WAS DEVELOPED BY NORDLABOR, AND THE PRINCIPLES AND POSSIBLE USE OF THIS METHOD IS DISCUSSED. THE TEST AND APPARATUS REQUIRED FOR ITS EXECUTION ARE DESCRIBED IN DETAIL AND A REPORT IS PRESENTED AND INITIAL EXPERIENCES OBTAINED. /FG/RRL/


We use methods from mathematical logic to give new examples of paragraded structures, showing that at certain cardinals all first order structures are paragraduaded. We introduce the notion of bi-embeddability to measure when two paragraduaded structures are basically the same. We prove that the bi-embeddability of the paragraduating system gives rise to the bi-embeddability of the limiting structures. Under certain circumstances the converse is also true, as we show here. Finally, we show that one paragraduaded structure can have many graduaded substructures, to the extent that the number of the same is not always decidable by the axioms of set theory.


In Indonesia, 5, million young women often experience pruritus vulvae during menstruation, which is characterized by an itching sensation in the vagina. Poor personal hygiene is one of the factors that cause pruritus vulvae complaints. This study aims to determine the relationship between personal hygiene during menstruation and the incidence of pruritus vulvae in adolescents at SMK Plus NU Sidoarjo. The research design is analytic with a cross-sectional approach. The population of all teenagers in SMK plus Nu Sidoarjo with a sample size of 90 respondents was taken by proportional stratified sampling. The independent variable is personal hygiene and the dependent variable is pruritus vulvae. The research instrument is a questionnaire, analyzed by the Spearman rank test at a significance level of = 0,05. The results showed that half (50%) of adolescent girls had good personal hygiene and most (51,1%) had mild pruritus vulvae. Spearman rank test analysis obtained a value of P = 0,000, meaning that there is a relationship between personal and pruritus vulvae in adolescent girls at SMK Plus   NU Sidoarjo. It can be concluded that the better personal hygiene, the lighter the incidence of pruritus vulvae, on the contrary, the less personal hygiene, the more severe the incidence of pruritus vulvae. It is expected that young women will carry out proper personal hygiene in order to maintain the health and cleanliness of the reproductive organs in preventing the occurrence of pruritus vulvae.


One of the possibilities to sophisticate compound syntheses is
catalysis using supported catalyst which combines the
advantages of both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalyst. An
application of Ce(III) inorganic salts, first of all CeCl3.7H2O
doped by sodium iodide, not until has been described from start
of 21st Century. Twenty communications has been present during
this time only. Catalysis by Ce(III) salts has been used for an
activation of carbonyl compounds and their derivatives in
syntheses. Easily available, cheap and mechanically and
thermally stable industrial cation-exchangers may be used as
carriers1. These in connection with complex of cerium in
oxidation state of 3+ provide an effective, easily separable
and recyclable catalytic system. This system has been studied
with a view to its possible synthetic applications on model
three-component domino syntheses, i.e. Kabachnik-Fields one-pot
synthesis of alpha-aminophosphonates2, and Prins-Ritter one-pot
synthesis of 4-amidotetrahydropyran derivatives3, respectively.
It has been discovered that cation Ce(III) supported on a weak
acid macroporous cation-exchanger has shown in the studied
reactions at least the same or better catalytic activity as
salt CeCl3.7H2O, eventually doped by NaI.


Recently, because of the improvement of supercomputers, numerical simulations have been larger and more complex. In the atomic energy field, also, various large-scale and complex simulations, a virtual plant vibration simulator, a reactor core plasma simulator, and so on, has been carried out. Increase in the size and complexity of simulations makes it difficult to understand physical and engineering phenomena from simulation results. So far, in order to understand such phenomena , users have used traditional volume visualization techniques, and have observed a visualized object from various directions. However, the traditional techniques may cause overlooks of interested phenomena and exertion of researchers.


This paper provides an introductory discussion and sample preliminary results on a new metamaterial-based smart antenna concept. This new antenna concept is based on controlling closed-loop interactions between printed slot microstrip patterns and a variety of lattice substrate structures. These type of interactions are controlled via the integration of controllable active devices within a set of microstrip antenna geometries that are under consideration. The resulting antenna technology enables the real-time configuration of antenna systems that transmit multiple programmable tones across large percentage bandwidths. The control philosophy is based on specifying a desired spectrum within the system memory and then iteratively sequencing through a series of programmable modes on the antenna-integrated substrate devices to achieve convergence to the desired spectrum.


The Japanese "main bank system" figures prominently in the recent literature on "relationship banking." By most accounts, the main bank epitomizes relationship finance: traditionally, every large Japanese firm had one, and that bank monitored the firm, participated in its governance, acted as the delegated monitor for other creditors, and rescued the firm if it fell into financial distress. Yet all this has begun to change, continue these accounts. Japan deregulated its financial markets in the 1980s, and many firms abandoned their relational lender for market finance. As the main banks then lost their ability to constrain firms - as relationship banking unraveled - the firms gambled in the stock and real estate bubbles, the bubbles burst, and the firms threw the country into recession. Relationship lending depends on the accumulation over time by the loan officer of soft information. Because the loan officer is the repository of this soft information, agency problems are created throughout the organisation that may best be resolved by structuring the bank as a small, closely-held organisation with few managerial layers.


The Solomon Islands form a mountainous and coral atoll archipelago stretching over 1,400 kilometres into the Pacific to the south east from Bougainville. The nation bearing their name is a relatively new member of the British Commonwealth having been a sovereign democracy since 1978. The population of 410,000 people is primarily Melanesian with some Polynesian and Micronesian influence. There are over 300 islands with the five major island groups each providing a different Melanesian ethnicity. The country is struggling to cope with lack of domestic capital, lack of infrastructure, difficult transport and communication logistics, low literacy rate, rapid population growth and, more recently, debilitating internal ethnic tensions. The government is undertaking a massive reform program aiming to increase efficiency in the public service and in the management of the economy. This report describes the forest policy context of recent years in Solomon Islands and addresses the legislative, policy, institutional and financial framework now in place. New legislation passed by the Parliament is an excellent platform from which to install a new standard of forest management.


The integration of psychiatrists in a general hospital leads to the expectation that psychiatric and psychosocial crisis situations are encountered in a different way than the traditional hospitalization in a psychiatric clinic. The presented evaluation shows in which proportion of referred patients a crisis intervention took place. Without beds assigned as such for psychiatry patients there were more crisis interventions handled within the structures of the somatic wards than in the psychiatric outpatient service alone. The necessity of hospitalisation in a psychiatric clinic was discussed in 40% of all the cases of both the consultation-liaison service and the outpatient service of the social psychiatry team. Due to crisis intervention hospitalization in a psychiatric clinic was avoided for approximately 100 patients a year.


The article examines Pasolini´se poetic compositions written in the dialect of Friuli (La nuova gloventu, 1975). In the beginning, the poet uses a dialect which, though originated in his mother tongue, is in fact a literary re-creation. However, progressively, Pasolini´s dialect gets closer to the common use and is finally replaced by Italian. The linguistic change corresponds to transformation in a content: from narcissism to an explicit adhesion to the social reality.


Information relaxation and duality in Markov decision proc esses have been studied recently by several researchers with the goal to derive dual bounds on the value function. In t his paper we extend this dual formulation to controlled Markov diffusions: in a similar way we relax the constraint t hat the decision should be made based on the current information and impose penalty to punish the access to the in formation in advance. We establish the weak duality, strong duality and complementary slackness results in a par llel way as those in Markov decision processes. We explore the structure of the optimal penalties and expose th e connection between Markov decision processes and controlled Markov diffusions. We demonstrate the use of the dual representation for controlled Markov diffusions in a classic dynamic portfolio choice problem. We evaluate the lower bounds on the expected utility by Monte Carlo simulation under a sub-optimal policy, and we propose a new c lass of penalties to derive upper bounds with little extra computation. The small gaps between the lower bounds a upper bounds indicate that the available policy is near optimal as well as the effectiveness of our proposed pen alty i the dual method. I. I NTRODUCTION Markov decision processes (MDPs) and controlled Markov dif fusions play a central role respectively in modeling discrete-time and continuous-time dynamic decision makin g problems under uncertainty, and hence have wide applications in diverse fields such as engineering, operati ons research and economics. However, the standard approach of solving for optimal polices via dynamic program ming and Hamlton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equation suffers from the "curse of dimensionality"the size of the s tate space increases exponentially with the dimension of the state. Many modern approximate dynamic programming m ethods have been proposed for solving MDPs in recent years to combat this curse of dimensionality, such as [1], [2], [3], [4]. These methods often generate sub-optimal policies, simulation under which leads to lowe r bounds (or upper bounds) on the optimal expected reward (or cost). Though the accuracy of the sub-optimal pol icies is generally unknown, the lack of performance guarantee on sub-optimal policies can be potentially addre ssed by providing a dual bound, i.e., an upper bound (or lower bound) on the optimal expected reward (or cost). Valid n tight dual bounds based on a dual representation of MDPs were recently developed by [5] and [6]. The main idea o f this duality approach is to allow the decision maker to foresee the future uncertainty but impose a penalty for getting access to the information in advance. In F. Ye and E. Zhou are with the Department of Industrial & Enter prise Systems Engineering, University of Illinois at Urban a-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801 USA{fanye2,email@example.com addition, this duality approach only encompasses pathwise det rministic optimization problems and therefore is well-suited to Monte Carlo simulation, making it useful to e valuate the quality of sub-optimal policies in complex dynamic systems. This dual formulation of MDPs is attractive in both theoreti cal and practical aspects. On one hand, the idea of relaxing the constraint on the non-anticipative policies i n the setting of MDPs at least dates back to [7], as exposed by [8]. In addition, the optimal penalty is not unique: for ge neral problems we have the value function-based penalty developed by [5] and [6]; for problems with convex structure th re is an alternative optimal penalty, that is, the gradient-based penalty, as pointed out by [9]. On the other h and, in order to derive tight dual bounds, various approximation schemes based on different optimal penaltie s have been proposed including [6], [9], [10], [11]. We notice that the real implementation of computing the dual bo unds based on this dual framework has just begun, and it has found increasing applications in different fields of problems such as [12], [9], [13], [14], [15]. The goal of this paper is to extend the information relaxatio n approach and the dual representation of MDPs to controlled Markov diffusions. The motivation is that the HJ B equation rarely allows a closed-form value function, especially when the dimension of the state space is high or th ere are constraints on the control space. Many numerical methods have been developed based on different ap proximation schemes: [16] considered the Markov chain approximation method by discretizing the HJB equatio n; [17] extended the approximate linear programming method to controlled Markov diffusions. Another standard n umerical approach is to discretize the time space, which reduces the original continuous-time problem to an MD P and hence the techniques of approximate dynamic programming can be applied. Since the quality of a numerical solution is hard to justify in many problems, we are interested in deriving a tight dual bound on the value functi on of a controlled Markov diffusion by formulating its dual representation. Around this topic some central questi on are • Can we establish a similar framework of dual formulation for c ntrolled Markov diffusions based on information relaxation as that for MDPs? • If the answer is yes, what is the form of the optimal penalty in the setting of controlled Markov diffusions? Is the optimal penalty unique? • If certain optimal penalty exists, does it help to facilitat e the computation of the dual bound on the value function? The answer to the first question is yes, at least for a wide clas s of controlled Markov diffusions. To fully answer all the questions we should employ the technical machinery " anticipating stochastic calculus" (see, e.g., [18], [19]) . To ease reading we first present the information relaxationbased dual formulation of controlled Markov diffusions without using the heavy machinery. We establish the weak dua lity, strong duality and complementary slackness results in a parallel way as those in the dual formulation of M DPs. The complete answers to the second question are postponed to Appendix D, where we develop all the needed t echnical machinery and investigate one type of the optimal penalties, the so-called "value function-ba sed penalty". Then we emphasize on the computational aspect using the result of this dual representation so as to a nswer the third question. One key feature of the value function-based optimal penalty is that it can be written com pactly as an Ito stochastic integral under the natural filtration generated by the Brownian motions. This compact e xpr ssion potentially enables us to design sub-optimal penalties in simple forms and also facilitates the computat ion of the dual bound. A direct application is illustrated by a classic dynamic portfolio choice problem with predicta ble returns and intermediate consumptions: we consider the numerical solution to a discrete-time model that is disc retized from a continuous-time model; an effective class of penalties that are easy to evaluate is proposed to derive d ual bounds on the value function for the discrete-time model. It turns out that [20], [21], [22] have pioneered a series of r elated work for controlled Markov diffusions. They also adopted the approach of relaxing the future informatio n and penalizing, which is much earlier than the dual framework of MDPs established. In particular, [20] propose d a Lagrangian approach for penalization, where the Lagrangian term plays essentially the same role of a penalty in our dual framework; in addition, we find that the Lagrangian term has a similar flavor of the gradient-based pe nalty proposed by [9] for MDPs. The early work of [20] is not widely known maybe due to its technical complicat ion. The main difference of their work compared with ours is that we propose a more general framework that may incorporate their Lagrangian approach as a special case; the optimal penalty we develop in this paper is value fu nction-based while their Lagrangian approach behaves like a gradient-based penalty. In addition, their work is pu rely theoretical and does not suggest any computational method. In contrast, we provide a numerical example to demon strate the practical use of our dual formulation. We summarize our contributions as follows: • We establish a dual representation of controlled Markov dif fusions based on information relaxation. We also explore the structure of the optimal penalty and expose the c onnection between MDPs and controlled Markov diffusions. • Based on the result of the dual representation of controlled Markov diffusions, we demonstrate its practical use in a dynamic portfolio choice problem. In many cases the n umerical results of the upper bounds on the expected utility show that our proposed penalties are near o ptimal, comparing with the lower bounds induced by sub-optimal policies for the same problem. The rest of the paper is organized as follows. In Section II, w e review the dual formulation of MDPs and derive the dual formulation of controlled Markov diffusions. In Se ction III, we illustrate the dual approach and carry out numerical studies in a dynamic portfolio choice problem. Fi nally, we conclude with future directions in Section IV. We leave most of the proofs and discuss the connection betwee n [20], [9] and our work in Appendix. II. CONTROLLED MARKOV DIFFUSIONS AND ITS DUAL REPRESENTATION We begin with a brief review of the dual framework on Markov De cision Processes that is first developed by [5] and [6] in Section II-A. We then give the basic setup of the con trolled Markov diffusion and its associated HamiltonJacobi-Bellman equation in Section II-B. We develop the dua l representation of controlled Markov diffusions and present the main results in Section II-C. A. Review of Dual Formulation of Markov Decision Processes Consider a finite-horizon MDP on the probability space (Ω,G ,P). Time is indexed byK = {0,1, · · · ,K}. Suppose X is the state spac


PURPOSE: A dental cleaner equipped with a plasma generating device is provided, which enables to sterilize cleaning water in a safe method that is harmless to the human body and environment. CONSTITUTION: A dental cleaner equipped with a plasma generating device includes a plasma generation part and the plasma fixing unit. The plasma generation part(100) is equipped with a first electrode, a spacer, a second electrode, a grill, a grill base, a first electrode, and a second electrode. The first electrode is made of conductive material. The spacer(120) has the fixed thickness and is made of the insulating material. The second electrode(130) is installed at an interval from the first electrode. The plasma fixing unit(200) is equipped with a nut, a packing ring, and the main body.


Bureaucratic reform is continually echoed to meet demands of the masses for better functioning of the public sector service. To respond the afromentioned issue, this study adopted several important constructs in contemporary human resource management (work-life balance, engagement, in role-performance, and self-efficacy) and analyzed the mediation and moderation role in the context of civil servants. In addition, to collect primary data, an online survey method was used and distributed to Civil Servant (CS) within the scope of the provincial government of South Sulawesi, Indonesia. PLS-SEM based analysis was employed to test measurement and structural models. The results indicated work-life balance had a positive and significant effect on CS engagement but does not affect in-role performance. Furthermore, the role of engagement as a mediator and self-efficacy as moderator was confirmed to be significant. The discussion, implications, and recommendations for prospective study are discussed further.


Abstract The solids flux theory of thickening has traditionally been used for sedimentation basin design in the activated sludge process. However, its use for analysis of decantor behaviour in operating plants has been overlooked due to the extensive data requirements and complex graphic analysis. This paper presents a single method to obtain the equations which describe stream concentrations of supernatant and settling as a function of input concentration, implied flow rates, and physical characteristics of the plant.


The researcher concluded that there were two types of code-mixing used by the teachers they were Intra Sentential Code-Mixing and Involving Change of Pronunciation, the dominant
type that the teachers used was Intra Sentential Code-Mixing and the reason of using code-mixing were Quoting Somebody Else, Interjection, Repetition Used for Clarification and Real Lexical Need.


Abstract A close look at the minutes of the Administration Council, a governing body of the "Albina" Bank in Sibiu, reveals various aspects, as important as they are interesting, regarding the activity of the Târgu Mureș branch (one of the most important branches that began its activity before the pre-war period - 1st May 1910). After Transylvania was included in the Romanian Unitary National State, the entire economic life experienced a revival. In this context, "Albina"'s Târgu Mureș branch increased its turnorver beeing able to compete with the local credit institutions in the county, including the Saxon and Hungarian ones. However, the lack of liquidity on the financial markets, which threatened the well being of entire banking system, directly affected the branch starting with 1927/28. The examples found in archives and presented in this article emphasize a gradual decrease in the number of loans granted by the bank and the crippling effect on the local economy. Different types of loans are being explained and presented offering a vivid image of the inhabitants of the area, their nationality, their field of activity, which was directly linked with their financial abilities. Some interesting, however controversial, aspects are being highlighted regarding the unorthodox practices of the personnel, the bold decisions of the director of the branch that were not exactly in the line with the code of conduct and the ethos promoted by "Albina"'s Headquarters in Sibiu.


The present invention is chitosan, poly -γ- glutamic acid, and is characterized by positive surface charge and enhanced permeability for paracellular drug delivery, discloses nanoparticles comprising at least one bioactive agent. .FIELD. 1a, 1b


(WITH TWO FIGURES) SINCE zoologists do not recognize in animals an alternation of generations comparable with the alternation of gametophytic and sporophytic generations in plants, it may seem presumptuous for a botanist to propose any theories. Nevertheless, after hesitating for several years I have decided to publish my belief that animals exhibit an alternation of generations comparable with the alternation so well known in plants. In short, the theory is this: the egg with the three polar bodies constitutes a generation comparable with the female gametophyte in plants; similarly, the primary spermatocyte with the four spermatozoa constitute a generation comparable with the male gametophyte in plants. All other cells of the animal constitute a generation comparable with the sporophytic generation in plants, the fertilized egg being the first cell of this series. In support of this theory I shall present two lines of evidence: (I) the gradual reduction of the gametophyte in plants, with the constantly diminishing interval between the reduction of chromosomes and the process of fertilization; and (2) the phenomena of chromatin reduction in both animals and plants. I. EVIDENCE FROM THE REDUCTION OF THE GAMETOPHYTE IN PLANTS.-For convenience, the female and the male gametophyte will be considered separately. Further, since dioecism in gametophytes is regarded as a more specialized condition than monoecism, and since the tendency is toward dioecism, all cases in which the gametophytes have not attained the dioecious condition may be disregarded. 'Presented before Section G of the A. A. A. S., at the Philadelphia meeting December 30, 1904.


A formula to calculate the proportion of the public sector budget that should be allocated to various geographical regions of South Africa is described. The formula is broadly classified into curative and preventive components. Using data that are routinely available, indices of need are calculated for each of these components. It is concluded that resource allocation on a macro level should closely approximate regional population distribution if cross-border flow of patients and additional teaching-hospital expenditure are ignored.


This article describes various robotic techniques for renewing the 230,000km of British sewers, about 10% of the total, that are likely to need renovation or replacement during the next ten years. Local repair is becoming an increasingly popular method of renovation, especially for sewers with only a few local defects rather than continuous defects. Since 1991, robots have begun to be used in the UK for such local repairs. Robotic systems can be used for a wide range of purposes: (1) repair of leaking joints, holes, cracks, and fractures; (2) removal of intruding connections, tree roots, steel reinforcements, scale, and encrustation; (3) handling recessed connections. At present, they are suitable for pipes from 200mm to 800mm diameter, and they can operate up to 70m from an access point. The equipment can be very compact, and can be carried in a van with trailer. The van is used as a monitoring and control centre during repair work. One system uses a robotic pipe crawler, which is set up with a drilling and milling head, lowered into a sewer through a manhole, and then guided along the pipe to the parts needing repair. A specially formulated repair material provides solvent-free, underwater curing, using an epoxy compound with resin and hardener. The resin can be applied in several ways.


In this study, we synthesized manganese selenide under magnetic fields ranging from 0 to 800 gauss and investigated its optical, electrical, and magnetic properties. In the absence of a magnetic field, we observed the formation of MnSe nanorods. As the field strength increased, impurities arose. In the 250 G range, two rock salt structures emerged, altering the morphology from nanorods to cubes. Beyond 250 G, MnSe2 formed, returning to a nanorod morphology. Also, with the increase of the magnetic field, the energy gap of the synthesized compounds increased. To measure the electrical properties of the samples, the synthesized powders were compressed under the same pressure for a certain period of time, and it was observed that the synthesized samples showed insulating behavior in the presence of a magnetic field. For this reason, we performed current–voltage, resistance–temperature, and current–temperature analyses on the synthesized sample, at a constant voltage of 5 eV in the absence of a magnetic field.


Impulse buying is a condition that occurs when individuals experience the feeling distressed, suddenly that cannot be countered. There are several factors that affect the impulse buying, among other characteristics such as low product prices, characteristics of marketing such as advertising, material to be discounted at the position, and the goods on display, and characteristics circumstantial as personalities, and consumer demographic. Research on the problem this time around is occurs a decrease in the number of transactions amounted to 9.8% and consumer traffic to 4.4% in Matahari Department Store Java Supermall Semarang year 2016. It is contrary to the purpose of the company in the conduct of the promotion, store atmosphere and ease of payment in order to attract consumers to buy. The purpose of this research is to know the influence of promotions, store atmosphere, and ease of payment against impulse buying either partially or simultaneous. The research results showed that all the independent variables have a positive affect toward the dependent variable, either partially or simultaneous showed the existence of a variable influence promotions, store atmosphere, and ease of pemabayaran against impulse buying. While the views of multiple regression test, the variable has the largest value of the promotion or the strongest value of beta of 0.429, followed by a variable store atmosphere with a beta value of 0.322, and ease of payment with variable values of beta 0.256. From this research are expected to maintain the company's promotion is done. This is because at this time the research, promotion variables have the greatest value or the strongest compared to two other variables, so that by enhancing the promotion of consumer interests can trigger buy especially unplanned purchases (impulse) on the producing company.


In order to improve the quality of personnel training, promote the close integration of education and economic development. Aiming at the existing problems of innovation and entrepreneurship education occupation colleges, comparative literature over the years, from the talent training scheme, curriculum system, educational mode, platform construction, teachers construction, system construction, six aspects of research. The results showed that the system of innovation and entrepreneurship education into six aspects of cultivating talents, enhance students' innovation and entrepreneurship awareness and innovation ability, the number of students entrepreneurship practice increased significantly, significantly improve the quality of personnel training. Keywords—Innovation and Entrepreneurship; Vocational Colleges; Education; Platform Construction


The primary objective of our research work is to enhance the prediction of the quality of a component‐based software system and to develop an artificial neural network (ANN) model for the system reliability optimization problem. In this paper, we introduced the ANN‐supported Teaching‐Learning Optimization by transforming constraints to objective functions. Artificial neural network techniques are found to be powerful in the modeling software package quality metrics compared with the ancient statistical techniques. Therefore, by using the neural network, the quality characteristics of software components of the proposed work are predicted. A nonlinear differentiable transfer function of ANN used in the proposed approach is hyperbolic tangent sigmoid. A new efficient optimization methodology referred to as the Teaching‐Learning–based Optimization is proposed in this paper to optimize reliability and different cost functions. The weight values of the network are then adjusted consistent with a proposed optimization rule, therefore minimizing the network error. The proposed work is implemented in MATLAB by using the Neural Network Toolbox. The proposed work provides improved performance in terms of sensitivity, precision, specificity, negative predictive value, fall‐out or false positive rate, false discovery rate, accuracy, Matthews correlation coefficient, and rate of convergence.


Psychiatry in the UK and in many other countries is facing a fundamental crisis in attracting new graduates. This poorly understood problem may be related to negative undergraduate experiences. Many clinicians have learnt through an 'apprenticeship' model and few are formally taught how to teach students in a modern clinical setting. Learning theory provides useful models for learning and teaching that can improve undergraduate clinical experiences. A variety of means are available to help teaching clinicians apply these theories, including self-help using published literature and gaining teaching qualifications. As the majority of modern undergraduate psychiatry teaching occurs during clinical placements, the incorporated techniques will need to be sensitive to the teaching environment. Application of these principles to day-to-day teaching practice may help to reverse the current staff shortages.


It is shown that the combined mechanism of multiphonon light scattering in polar semiconductors involving free electron-hole pair states (exciton states of the continuous spectrum) and exciton states of the discrete spectrum as intermediate states of the system leads to significant enhancement of the scattering efficiency in a strong magnetic field and to outgoing excitonic resonance. Taken separately, each of these mechanisms leads either to enhancement of the scattering efficiency in the presence of a strong magnetic field (in the case of free electron-hole pairs) or to outgoing excitonic resonance at the frequency of the exciton energy gap (in the case of discrete excitons). O 1996 American Institute of Physics. [S 1063-7761 (96)01709-XI


In Nah family, father is regarded as the head of the family. The family is based on patriarchal system. They prefer nuclear family system. However, in the olden times, they preferred joint family system. But gradually, joint family system is disappearing as of now. Also, the Nah society is divided into four clans so called- Chader, Hapi, Hari and Tissi respectively. Again these clans are divided into various sub-clans. In addition, tt is revealed from the present study that slavery system was prevailing in earlier days. Due to the slavery system, the society of the Nahs was divided into two social groups namely- Nahs (the master) and Solung (the slave). However, in recent times, the slavery system and social stratification have totally vanished in Nah society due to governmental interferences. It is interesting to note that the Nahs of Taksing circle are very similar to other tribes of Arunachal Pradesh. Especially, they share lot of commonalities with Nyishi, Tagin and Monpa tribes of Arunachal Pradesh. With this background, the present study makes an attempt to provide an ethno-historical account on family system and clans of Nahs. Further, it endeavours to give an ethno-historical account on social stratification and slavery in Nah community.


The present invention relates to a supercapacitor, there is provided a safe and convenient processing of large-capacity supercapacitor cylindrical monolithic structure, including a housing, cover, Part fluid, and the collector core, the winding core and lower end faces are blank aluminum foil, said upper and lower end surfaces respectively with the Part fluid, connecting the lower collector; a collector disposed at the bottom of the housing and connected thereto; the Part fluid disposed in an inserted manner in the upper cover, the upper cover coupled to the housing; the upper cover is provided with liquid inlet and sealing means; explosion-proof valve is also provided on the flat housing. By providing a planar type explosion-proof valve in the housing, the user can effectively ensure safety, convenience and product manufacturing. Further, in the injection port with a sealing means made of aluminum and the plug sleeve is provided on its seals, both to ensure the sealing effect of the seal and convenient injection.