In the Vallecitos San Marcos area, located 40 kilometers south of Tecate, Baja California, lies an unknown thickness of premiddle Cretaceous, greenschist facies flysch. Although poorly exposed and commonly highly altered from the effects of plutonism, these rocks correlate lithologically with the Triassic(?) French Valley and Julian Schist Formations, and the Upper Triassic-Middle Jurassic Bedford Canyon Formation in southern California. The Vallecitos San Marcos strata, herein referred to as the "Vallecitos flysch", consist of tabular, thinto thick-bedded subarkosic metasandstone interbedded with metapelite. A whole rock Rb/Sr isochron indicates a depositional age of about 206 Ma. Isotopic studies on detrital zircons indicate a mixed population of discordant middle to late Proterozoic zircons with late Paleozoic and Triassic zircons. The youngest detrital zircon is dated at 234 Ma thus giving a maximum depositional age. Two lithofacies of the Vallecitos flysch are distinguished based on the preponderance of either sandstone or shale; these are the sand and shale lithofacies, respectively. Associations of sedimentary structures (e.g. graded bedding, outsized clasts, meniscate and diffuse laminae, etc.) indicate that sandstones of both lithofacies were deposited by high and low density turbidity currents. Vertical sequence patterns of turbidite sandstone beds in the sandy lithofacies suggest deposition in the outer part of a submarine fan-like system. Features of the shaly lithofacies suggest a basin-plain depositional environment. Subordinate pebbly mudstone and local olistostrome/melange deposits of the shaly lithofacies indicate proximity to slope areas. The overall finegrained, poorly sorted, and matrix-rich character of the sandstone, in addition to the relatively low sand/shale ratio, suggest deposition in a submarine fan in an open ocean basin that was fed by a large river delta system. Modal analyses of the sandstone framework grains indicate sediment sources of recycled orogen and possible craton interior. Prior to its displacement from northerly areas during the Late Jurassic along the Mojave-Sonora paleotransform fault, this flysch basin was probably yoked to fold and thrust-belt highlands which characterized a part of the southern Cordillera until the Medial Triassic (e.g. Sonoma orogen). INTRODUCTION Gastil et al. (1975), in their Reconnaissance Geology of the State of Baja California, mapped the "sandstone shale belt", which included the strata of this study, and suggested a correlation to similar sequences north of the international border. All such rocks in Baja California have suffered at least greenschist grade regional metamorphism, and none have been dated by fossils. The sandstone-shale strata of this study area appear to be the least deformed and least recrystallized within the region thereby providing the best possible area for sedimentologic studies. The principal study area is herein referred to as the Vallecitos-San Marcos area (Fig. 1). Omitting the effects of Cretaceous plutonism, Figure 1 shows the distribution of four lithologic belts from east to west across the peninsula: 1) a miogeoclinal carbonate and quartzite belt of Upper Precambrian ? to Triassic age; 2) Paleozoic flysch-chert strata of deep-water deposition; 3) a shalesandstone (flysch) belt of Triassic to Cretaceous age; 4) a volcanic-volcaniclastic belt of Jurassic to Cretaceous age. The stratal sequence of the VallecitosSan Marcos area, herein referred to as the "Vallecitos flysch", is discontinuously exposed along Mexican Highway 3 between El Testarazo and Valle Guadalupe. A total of eight stratigraphic sections were measured and described (Reed, 1985) and, together with numerous "spot sample" localities, serve as the primary data (Fig. 2). Previous geologic investigations of this area are summarized in Gastil §t al. (1975), Lothringer (1983, 1984), and in unpublished undergraduate reports by Peterson (1967), Bell (1969), Ashley (1972), and Friet (1984). The basement rocks of the Ojos Negros Valley, directly south of the study area, were described by Lindgren (1889) Gastil et al. (1975), and Weege (1976). Still farther south, recent SDSU Master's thesis studies have been done on correlative rocks by Chadwick (1987), Phillips (1984), Hoobs (1986) and Griffith (1988). DESCRIPTIVE SEDIMENTOLOGY General Characteristics The Vallecitos flysch is mostly


This study aimed at identifying the impediments and requirements of the research partnership between the Egyptian universities and the private sector. It also aimed at identifying the experiences of some of the developed countries in this respect. This study is expected to aid in visualizing the activation of the research partnership between the Egyptian universities and the private sector. The study made use of the descriptive approach based on the distribution of a questionnaire to 357 of faculty staffs in the universities of Cairo, Assiut, and Janub Al-Wadi. The study approached the following results: That there are many impediments that hinder the research partnership process due to universities and some of them due to the private sector. Achieving the research partnership between universities and the private sector requires the provision of many requirements and conditions governed by the legislative, legal, regulatory, academic, financial and human aspects. There were no statistically significant differences among the sample representing the practical and theoretical colleges in favor of either the impediments of the research partnership or their achieving the requirements. There were no statistically significant differences among the experimental groups of the impediments of the research partnership due to job hierarchy variable, while there were statistically significant differences among the experimental groups regarding the axis of the research partnership requirements at α (0.05) for the favor of instructors in contrast to assistant professors.


Disclosed are anti-corrosive coatings for metal substrates containing quaternary ammonium carbonates, bicarbonates, or mixtures thereof. The disclosure is also directed to metal substrates having these anticorrosive coatings, and to aqueous cleaning solutions containing quaternary ammonium carbonates, bicarbonates, or mixtures thereof.


The design of a double-core giant magnetoimpedance (GMI) current sensor, which lowers the temperature influence and also improves linearity, is presented. The sensor consists of two ring cores made of 52 cm long CoFeSiBCr magnetoimpedance (MI) strips. In order to optimize the Ml characteristics, the ribbon was annealed at 390/spl deg/C under axial field of 2400 kA/m. The sensor was driven by 1 MHz/5 mArms sinewave signal and the bias current I/sub b/ was 30 mA, corresponding to bias field of 80 A/m. Results show that the double-core sensor has smaller linearity error and temperature offset drift compared to single-core sensor. On the other hand, manufacturing of double core sensor is difficult, as suitable pair of magnetic cores with similar material properties should be selected, due to different magneto-impedance responses; hence the correction by detection electronics is usually needed.


Binary stars are common. While only those with small separations may exchange gas with one another, even the widest binaries interact with their gaseous surroundings. Drag forces and accretion rates dictate how these systems are transformed by these interactions. We perform three-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations of Bondi–Hoyle–Lyttleton flows, in which a binary moves supersonically relative to a homogeneous medium, using the adaptive mesh refinement code FLASH. We simulate a range of values of the initial semimajor axis of the orbit relative to the gravitational focusing impact parameter of the pair. When the binary separation is less than the gravitational focusing impact parameter, the pair orbits within a shared bow shock. When the pair is wider, each object has an individual bow shock structure. The long-term evolution of the binary is determined by the timescales for accretion, slowing of the center of mass, and orbital inspiraling. We find a clear hierarchy of these timescales; a binary's center-of-mass motion is slowed over a shorter timescale than the pair inspirals or accretes. In contrast to previous analytic predictions, which assume an unperturbed background medium, we find that the timescale for orbital inspiraling is proportional to the semimajor axis to the 0.19 ± 0.01 power. This positive scaling indicates that gaseous drag forces can drive binaries either to coalescence or to the critical separation at which gravitational radiation dominates their further evolution. We discuss the implications of our results for binaries embedded in the interstellar medium, active galactic nuclei disks, and common envelope phases.


Author(s): Malkov, MA; Diamond, PH | Abstract: A two-field model of potential vorticity (PV) staircase structure and dynamics relevant to both beta-plane and drift-wave plasma turbulence is studied numerically and analytically. The model evolves averaged PV whose flux is both driven by and regulates, a potential enstrophy field, $\varepsilon$. The model employs a closure using a mixing length model. Its link to bistability, vital to staircase generation, is analyzed and verified by integrating the equations numerically. Long-time staircase evolution consistently manifests a pattern of meta-stable quasi-periodic configurations, lasting for hundreds of time units, yet interspersed with abrupt ($\Delta t\ll1$) mergers of adjacent steps in the staircase. The mergers occur at the staircase lattice defects where the pattern has not completely relaxed to a strictly periodic solution that can be obtained analytically. Other types of stationary solutions are solitons and kinks in the PV gradient and $\varepsilon$ - profiles. The waiting time between mergers increases strongly as the number of steps in the staircase decreases. This is because of an exponential decrease in inter-step coupling strength with growing spacing. The long-time staircase dynamics is shown numerically be determined by local interaction with adjacent steps. Mergers reveal themselves through the explosive growth of the turbulent PV-flux which, however, abruptly drops to its global constant value once the merger is completed.


The structural steels which were used in construction of the first welded bridges are presented. Properties of mild steels and early high strength steels caused that not all of them were suitable for welded structures. The development of historic weldable steels in bridge structures is re- viewed over codes and design requirements. Recognition of these steels in existing bridges is very essential to plan a retrofitting and strengthening range as well as possibility of using welding.


Cultural diplomacy had witnessed the greatest boom after the Second World War,
when it became a full-fledged part of foreign policy on both sides of the Iron Curtain. This
project addresses the question - what changes occurred in the understanding of cultural
diplomacy with the end of the bipolar division of the world, when mutual ideological,
political, economic and cultural antagonism ceased to dominate foreign policy. This question
is justified by everyday developments in the field of international relations, when references
to "bipolar" or "cold war" thinking are made periodically.


This articles presents a new series of maps showing the climate and environmental variability of Botswana. Situated in southern Africa, Botswana has an arid to semi-arid climate, which significantly varies in its different regions: Kalahari Desert, Makgadikgadi Pan and Okavango Delta. While desert regions are prone to droughts and periods of extreme heat during the summer months, other regions experience heavy downpours, as well as episodic and unpredictable rains that affect agricultural activities. Such climatic variations affect social and economic aspects of life in Botswana. This study aimed to visualise the non-linear correlations between the topography and climate setting at the country's scale. Variables included T °C min, T °C max, precipitation, soil moisture, evapotranspiration (PET and AET), downward surface shortwave radiation, vapour pressure and vapour pressure deficit (VPD), wind speed and Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI). The dataset was taken from the TerraClimate source and GEBCO for topographic mapping. The mapping approach included the use of Generic Mapping Tools (GMT), a console-based scripting toolset, which enables the use of a scripting method of automated mapping. Several GMT modules were used to derive a set of climate parameters for Botswana. The data were supplemented with the adjusted cartographic elements and inspected by the Geospatial Data Abstraction Library (GDAL). The PDSI in Botswana in 2018 shows stepwise variation with seven areas of drought: (1) −3.7 to −2.2. (extreme); (2) −2.2 to −0.8 (strong, southern Kalahari); (3) −0.8 to 0.7 (significant, central Kalahari; (4) 0.7 to 2.1 (moderate); (5) 2.1 to 3.5 (lesser); (6) 3.5 to 4.9 (low); (7) 4.9 to 6.4 (least). The VPD has a general trend towards the south-western region (Kalahari Desert, up to 3.3), while it is lower in the north-eastern region of Botswana (up to 1.4). Other values vary respectively, as demonstrated in the presented 12 maps of climate and environmental inventory in Botswana.


Having a broad range of emotions gives our lives color and texture, and perhaps makes them meaningful. Through the phenomenon of jumping from one emotion to another can be difficult to fathom at times. Emotional conflict can result in arising of a whole gamut of feelings and emotions; veering from love to fear, upset to joy, happiness to sadness and more is the virtual transformation of the internal emotional conflict (Fredrickson, et al., 2003). Positive emotions change the boundaries of the way that people perceive and operate within the world. They create the necessary space to allow for the blossoming of the individual (Fredrickson & Kahneman, 1993). The purpose of this paper is to examine the interrelationship between selected indexes of the national culture, and positive emotions. The sample group consisted of one hundred Indian expatriates living in the Kingdom of Bahrain and working in the healthcare sector. Four subgroups, each consisting of twenty-five people, represented the four States, from different parts of India. Although work has been done on comparing emotional indices of national culture, it seemed interesting and worthwhile to examine the variation within a nation state, clearly, the more aware we are of cultural influences, and their impact on emotional state, the easier it is to foster good relations, both on a personal level, and in the workplace. A research model examining the impact of cultural dimensions on positive emotions has been created, based on previous studies. Quantitative as well as qualitative methods have been used, in an attempt to achieve the objectives. A comparison of culture compass analysis between the four States has been conducted. The results have shown that there is a noticeable difference between them, in terms of the level of incidence of positive emotions.


Timothy William McCristal was one of the most colourful and controversial figures in the labour movement in NSW during the first half of the 20th century. He had fought in both the Boer War and the First World War and was wounded at Gallipoli in August 1915. This had a major impact on his life after he arrived back home in April 1916.


The main development results of a new keystream generator, named "Strumok", and offered as a candidate for the national symmetric encryption standard of Ukraine, are presented.  Strumok is built according to the SNOW2.0-like schema of the summation generator; increased secret key length and the initialization vector allow using reliably the stream cipher even taking into account quantum cryptographic analysis methods. The basic transformations and individual results from the cipher performance research are given, moreover, here it is shown the generator, capable of forming a keystream at speed exceeding 10 Gbit per sec.


A 46-year old lady with essential hypertension presented with recurrent episodes of Non-ST-elevation myocardial infarctions over a period of six months. Each episode was associated with classical chest pain, dynamic electrocardiographic changes and elevated cardiac enzymes. Two dimensional echocardiography showed evidence of hypertensive heart disease and dilated left main coronary artery with turbulent flow (Figure A). Trans-oesophageal echocardiography demonstrated the dilated segment clearly and 3 dimensional navigation showed more details of the abnormal segment (Figure B). The conventional coronary angiography, further elaborated the aneurismal segment, with turbulence and stagnation of the dye reflecting the indirect evidence of hemodynamic states of the aneurismal segment (Figure C). Except the left main, all other coronary arteries were normal. Finally, she was subjected to computer tomographic coronary angiography which showed excellent details of the aneurism in relation to origin, extension and the anatomy of the bifurcation, the essential details required for the surgeons (Figure D). Since the patient had a nidus for in-situ thrombi formation, which is the most likely cause for recurrent myocardial infarctions the decision to close the defect by surgery was taken. She was planned for aneurismal ligation with re-establishment of flow by coronary artery bypass grafting. The case illustrates the use of different modalities of coronary imaging in complex situations to obtain an accurate therapeutic decision.


The successful translation and reception of Chinese contemporary fictions, to a large extent, based on the choice of translation strategies taken by translators. This article takes the English version of Mu Xin's An Empty Room as an example to analyze the translator Tong Ming's translation strategies from the perspective of diaspora and how he can set up a diaspora translator model in the translation process by adhering to his four-dimensional translational standards which are difference, replacement, transplantation and art. Through a detailed comparison between the source and target text, the article aims to explore how the translator can achieve a culturally dynamic balance between domestication and foreignization strategies.


According to the "developmental model" of Eli Ginzberg and others, the decisions of young people become more realistic over time. Data obtained from 484 rural youth residing in East Texas at two points in time (their sophomore [1966] and senior [1968] years in high school) are used to test ) an application of the m del: that youth increasingly want to pattern their lives after non-glamour figures. Four hypotheses guided the analysis: (1) that Negro and white boys select different role models at both points in time; (2) that Negro and white girls select different role models at both points in time, (3) that the occupational status of the role models of Negro and white group are different at both points in time; and (4) that the occupational status of the role models of Negro and white boys are different at both points in time. The findings supported (1) (4). Implications of these and other patterns for the future analysis of the status attainment /process are discussed.


Two kinds of different burners replacing the original burner in boiler burning system of boiler are presented.The new burning system has the characteristic that the upper 2.5 layer burner can burn timpot bituminous coal and the lower 2.5 layer burner can burn anthracite,the results of the aerodynamic field study and debugging when boiler is in cold are given.


We present a detailed investigation of the relation between the orbital content of merger remnants and observable properties of elliptical and SO galaxies. Our analysis is based on the statistical sample of collisionless mergers of disc galaxies with different mass ratios and orbital parameters, published by Naab & Burkert. We use the spectral method by Carpintero & Aguilar to determine the orbital content of every remnant and correlate it with its intrinsic shape, and its projected kinematic and photometric properties. We discuss the influence of the bulge component and varying pericentre distances. The classified orbit families are box orbits, minor-axis tubes, inner and outer major-axis tubes and boxlets. In general, box orbits dominate the inner parts of the remnant. Major and minor-axis tubes become dominant at intermediate radii and boxlets at large radii. The two most abundant orbit classes are the minor-axis tubes and the box orbits. Their ratio seems to determine the basic properties of a remnant. On average, the fraction of minor-axis tubes increases by a factor of 2 from a merger mass ratio of 1:1 to 4:1, whereas the fraction of box orbits decreases by 10 per cent. At a given mass the central velocity dispersion of a remnant scales with the ratio of minor-axis tubes to box orbits. Interestingly, the division line between rotational supported systems and pressure supported objects, (υ maj /σ 0 )* = 0.7, turns out to coincide with a box to minor-axis tube ratio of unity. The observed h 3 -υ/σ anticorrelation for ellipticals cannot be reproduced by collisionless merger remnants. We propose that this can only be reconciled by an additional physical process that significantly reduces the box orbit content. Remnants that are dominated by minor-axis tube orbits have predominantly discy projections. Boxy remnants have always a box to minor-axis tube ratio larger than one. This study will enable us to identify observed ellipticals that could have formed, in the collisionless limit, by gas-poor disc mergers. In addition, it demonstrates how observable properties of spheroidal stellar systems are connected with their intrinsic orbital structure.


In this paper we consider a procedure of parallel composition construction of Timed Finite State Machines (TFSMs) using BALM-II and suggest different ways of getting linear functions that describe a set of output delays. Our research consists of three steps: at first step we consider composition of TFSMs when an output delay may be a natural number or zero; at second – we add transitions under timeouts; at third we consider composition of TFSMs in general case (when output delays are described as sets of linear functions). This paper is devoted only to the first step of the research.


Wind farms are normally located in the terminal of power grid with the gradual weakening, where its resonance issues have been frequently reported in northwestern China. The strongness of power grid will influence the stability of grid-connected wind turbine system due to the coupling characteristic between wind turbines and weak grids. The sequence impedance modeling has been proved an effective method of stability analysis on grid-connected renewable generation system. This paper studies the grid-connected doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) system and proposed an analytical impedance model for the stability analysis, which takes the coupling effect between DFIG and grid into consideration and will be verified through the simulation comparison. Based on the represented model, the case studies under various conditions will be investigated to verify its effectiveness of the stability analysis for grid-connected DFIG system.


We report TaCx/HfSiON gate stack CMOS device with simplified gate 1st process from the viewpoints of fixed charge generation and its impact on the device performance. Moderate Metal Gate / High-K dielectric (MG/HK) interface reaction is found to be a dominant factor to improve device performance. By optimizing TaCx composition, fixed charge free TaCx/HfSiON device is successfully fabricated. Also, we have demonstrated that the strain effect in deeply scaled devices can be enhanced by eliminating the fixed charges in HfSiON, for the first time. Utilizing Stress Memorization Technique (SMT) and strained Contact Etch Stop Layer (CESL), Lg = 35 nm high performance TaCx/HfSiON devices is achieved.


This paper presents the design of optimal fuzzy logic controller, controlled an active power filter shunt (APFs) connected by a photovoltaic system for harmonics compensation and reactive power which is injected by non-linear loads. This method is applied to a APFs based on a three-phase voltage converter at three levels. The main paper's contribution is the use of three serial band-pass filters method, for reference currents calculation, and the application of fuzzy logic for better active filter current control accuracy. For pulse generation, we use the PWM strategy. The results presented in this paper clearly reflect the effectiveness of the proposed APF to meet the IEEE-519 standard recommendations on harmonic levels.


The rising costs of books and book processing have caused many library policymakers to consider more carefully the advantages of interlibrary cooperation of various kinds, including cooperative book acquisition plans and improved systems of interlibrary lending. A key question that has to be answered before sensible decisions can be made on these matters is, How much duplication among library collections is there that such schemes might potentially eliminate? This paper reports the results of an investigation of this question for the libraries on the various campuses of the University of California. Estimates are given for the extent of the overlap of the monograph holdings of the UCLA collection with those of the other southern University of California campuses, and of the monograph holdings of the Berkeley collection with those of the other northern campuses. Estimates of the historic usage rates of the overlapped portions of the collection are also given. The methodology by which these estimates were obtained is quite general and with appropriate modifications should be applicable in investigations of a similar nature in other library systems.


Trials of defence equipments can assist the developer in placing into tactical deployment effective supported equipment which is timely and economic. Procedures on trials relevant to the Australian Defence Forces are discussed.


We prove the following theorem: Let F be an algebraic closure of a finite field of characteristic p. If ρ is a continuous homomorphism from the absolute Galois group of Q to GLn(F) which is isomorphic to a direct sum of one-dimensional representations, and if p > n+1 and the conductors of the one-dimensional representations are pairwise relatively prime, and if a certain parity condition holds, then ρ is attached to a Hecke eigenclass in the homology of an arithmetic subgroup Γ of SL(n, Z) with coefficients in a certain module V . Moreover, Γ and V are as predicted by Conjecture 2.2 of [5].


In this study, reflection and refraction of transient waves in a nonhomogeneous fluid‐filled porous body is investigated. The body involves a layer of one porous material perfectly bonded to a half‐ space of another porous material. Transient waves are generated at the top surface of the layer by a time‐dependent applied pressure. For a variety of material properties chosen for the layer and half‐space, the time variations of various physical quantities are found at two stations: one in the layer, the other in the half‐space. A study of numerical results, obtained by the method of characteristics, indicates that the rigidity of the half‐space relative to that of layer strongly affects the reflection and refraction characteristics of transient waves with regard to sign while the relative permeability of the half‐space has an influence on their dispersive characteristics.


Does governing imply in parentheses ethics and religion? To what extent can political science and ideas set the course for political strategy? Is it possible to influence the masses for political purposes? Is there any ethics that determine political work, or is action on the basis of purposes justified itself in the so-called "state of reason"? The aim of this article is to make a reading of Machiavelli through Gramsci, focusing on the concept of conscience formation and on the importance of state of reason as a tool to achieve moral and intellectual revolution.


Recent years, skeleton based action recognition with graph convolutional network (GCN) has achieved great success. However, since skeleton data only includes human body joints coordinates, other key information on actions is missing such as the subtle motion of hands, the objects the human is interacting, leading to an unsatisfactory performance. In this respect, the RGB data can offer help to recognize actions that skeleton-based methods have limitations on. In this work, we propose a novel two-stream heterogeneous network consisting of GCN and CNN networks for action recognition. Specifically, the GCN network takes the skeletal sequence as input to exploit skeleton information. For the RGB video, the CNN model, ResNet (2+1)D, is adapted to exploit RGB information. Afterwards, the discriminant canonical correlation analysis (DCCA) method is utilized to integrate the output feature maps from the skeleton and RGB streams, resulting in improved performance. Experimental results on the large-scale dataset NTU RGB+D show that the proposed model outperforms state-of-the-art models.


A vertical microstructure turbulence profiler simply referred to as a vertical profiler is the most effective measurement platform to obtain shear flow in ocean and is very important for marine scientific research.Here,the developments of the vertical profiler at home and abroad was briefly introduced.According to the principle of the vertical profiler and the results of sea tests,the factors affecting the profiler measurement accuracy were summarized.Then,the sources of vibration in a vertical profiler and its vibration reduction methods were focused.Based on the analysis for the sources of vibration in the vertical profiler,a new designing scheme of the vertical profiler was proposed,i.e.,a shear probe was equipped around the center of the profiler's oscillation to reduce the effect of the profiler vibration on its measurement accuracy.The results of the theoretical analysis and the computational fluid dynamics simulation indicated that the proposed shear probe loaded method can effectively reduce the influence of the profiler vibration on its measurement accuracy.


Background: Liver plays a central role in lipid metabolism. Liver carries out some important functions in lipid metabolism like liver facilitates the digestion and absorption of lipids by the production of bile, which contains cholesterol and bile salts synthesized within the liver de novo or from uptake of lipoprotein cholesterol, the liver has active enzyme system for synthesizing and oxidizing fatty acids and for synthesizing triacylglycerols and phospholipids, synthesis of the ketone bodies, it plays an integral part in the synthesis and metabolism of plasma lipoproteins. The objective was to compare lipid profile in patients with and without infective hepatitis.Methods: Hospital based cross sectional comparative study was carried out among 112 cases. The patients were divided as having infective hepatitis (69) called cases and not having infective hepatitis (43) called controls. Concentration of serum total cholesterol was determined by Carr and Drekter method. Concentration of serum HDL cholesterol was determined by Carr and Drekter method. Concentration of serum triglyceride level was determined by enzymatic end point peroxidase coupled method.Results: Total cholesterol, VLDL, LDL and triglycerides have been found to be significantly higher in cases of infective hepatitis compared to control. The HDL value was also significantly deranged i.e. significantly lower in cases compared to controls (p <0.05). Thus, it was clear that infective hepatitis deranges the lipid profile of the patients.Conclusions: Lipid profile can be used as sensitive indicators of hepatic function and may have diagnostic and prognostic importance in infective hepatitis.


As a part of the underground investigations of intermediate and low-level radioactive waste disposal site in Bátaapáti, seismic and DC tomographic measurements were carried out to obtain a better understanding of the geological setting and structure and of the hydrogeological situation of the rock mass. The measurements were conducted in an underground space fully surrounded by galleries, which means almost optimal survey geometry. The large number of other investigations carried out in the tunnels made it possible to compare the tomography map with the widely used rock mass qualification parameters (Rock Quality Designation — RQD [1], and Quality of the rock mass — Qvalue [2]), and the hydrogeological properties of the rock.


Abstract The nonlinear equilibrium response to idealized low-latitude heating is examined and compared with the linear response using a spectral, equatorial β-plane shallow-water model. Three categories of mass forcing are considered: wave-only forcing, wave plus latitudinally symmetric "Hadley" zonal forcing centered on the equator, and wave plus latitudinally antisymmetric "monsoonal" zonal forcing. The forced zonal wavenumber index is either m =2 or m = 8; nonlinear effects "scatter" energy into harmonies m = 4 or 16. Sixteen distinct solutions are analyzed to identify the mechanistic relations between forcing patterns and flow responses. Significant nonlinear modifications occur for the latitudinally symmetric and antisymmetric zonal forcing runs; these are mainly the result of changes in the zonal and forced wave modes. In the four wave-only experiments, most nonlinear differences are small and due to the presence of higher harmonics, but a preference for easterly anomalous winds is noted. When zonal...


The news that Pandit Haraprasad Sastrl was printing the Catalogue of the Nepal Durbar Library, and that Professor Cecil Bendall had agreed to write, as an introduction to this Catalogue, an essay on the history of Nepal and surrounding kingdoms, has given me the greatest satisfaction. By the recent explorations of such scholars as S. Levi, C. Bendall and Haraprasad, our knowledge of the older Buddhist Sanskrit documents has increased. For years we were obliged to confine our researches to the MSS. sent to Europe by Hodgson. Then the Cambridge Catalogue of the Wright Collection marked a new stage of progress. But now our hopes are better to-day, as Khotan will not conceal its treasures for ever; and the time may be coming when, in that field of Indian philology, the number of our texts promises to prove a positive embarras de richesse. We will endeavour to indicate the more interesting amongst the large number of MSS. hitherto noticed by Haraprasad, partly in the Proceedings and in the Journal of the Society of Bengal, partly in his Report, 1895-1900.


Invasive weed optimization (IWO) has been found to be a simple but powerful algorithm for function optimization over continuous spaces. It has reportedly outperformed many types of evolutionary algorithms and other search heuristics when tested over both benchmark and real-world problems. However the performance of most search heuristics deteriorates severely when applied to the task of optimization of noisy landscapes. This paper presents an improved IWO algorithm to effectively find the global optima of noisy functions. This is achieved by using an increased value of standard deviation, changing the manner of its reduction to linear and by employing a novel selection strategy which varies from the one use in the standard IWO. An extensive performance comparison of the newly proposed scheme, the original DE (DE/Rand/1/Exp), the canonical PSO, standard real-coded EA, and DE-RSF-TS has been presented using well-known benchmarks corrupted by zero-mean Gaussian noise. It has been found that the proposed method outperforms the others in a statistically significant way.


The article is devoted to interactivity as one of the important constituents of pedagogical interaction in a modern university and its impact on the ability of the subjects of the pedagogical process to the incremental personal self-development that is based on their interpersonal and activity-practical interaction with each other. A teacher and a student's incremental activity that is oriented towards their self-understanding by their incorporation into the process of pedagogical interaction is considered in the article in particular.


Background and Purpose: Contentment is one of the moral virtues that has been considered in Islamic and Iranian sources; however, this virtue has been faded drastically these days. According to the literature, mental well-being and physical health are expected to have effects on contentment. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of an increase in contentment based on Iranian-Islamic sources on mental well-being and physical health. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted with three groups using a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up. In total, 36 individuals were purposefully selected from seminary students in Qom and undergraduate students at Mazandaran University, Iran, and randomly divided into two experimental and one control groups. The two experimental groups received the protocol of an increase in the contentment using Iranian-Islamic content. All participants completed the Mental WellBeing Questionnaire (Mental Happiness Scale and Life Satisfaction Scale) and the Physical Health Sub-Scale of the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF Questionnaire in three stages. Results: Results of analysis of variance with repeated measures showed an improvement in the mental well-being of both groups of students after intervention and follow-up, compared to the control group. However, unlike the seminary student group, the implementation of the contentment protocol did not increase the physical health of the university student group, compared to the control group. Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that an improvement in positive human virtues, such as contentment and education of these virtues, could have a positive effect on the components of mental health, including mental well-being and physical health.


【A porgy was divided into eight parts. After drying at low temperature and pulberizing it, the sample was hydrolyzed by $Ba(OH)_2{\cdot}8H_2O\;at\;120^{\circ}C$ , under the pressure of $1\;kg/cm^2$ for 8 hours. Tryptophan was determined by means of microbiological assay, using Lactoba-cillus arabinosus 17-5. The result of experiments was as follows: The content of nitrogen of eight parts of the body amounted $12.55\%$ in muscle being the highest of all, $11.49\%$ in heart, $11.31\%$ in eyeball, $11.22\%$ in liver, $11.06\%$ in intestine, $8.75\%$ in head, $7.81\%$ in gill, and $6.02\%$ in fin which was the lowest of the parts tested. The content of tryptophan per 1 gram nitrogen was 11.79mg in liver, which was the highest of all, 10.11mg in heart, 9.76mg in eyeball, 8.77mg in intestine, 6.28mg in muscle, 5.72mg in head, 4.03mg in gill 2.64mg in fin, and in that order.】


Lean manufacturing is a continuous enhancement technique and a new management approach for small and medium scale manufacturing industries. The primary focus on lean production system is the systematic elimination of non-value added activities from the production process. Value stream mapping is used to map the current state and then helps to identify the sources of wastes in the present system. After identifying the wastes in the current system proper lean tools may be suggested to eliminate these wastes. Work standardization is an important in all manufacturing sector which will give better work procedure, manufacturing flow and solution for variability during production. The main aim of this research is to study the present line balancing layout in CNC machining cell and to develop the proposed line balancing layout to increase the workers utilization. Work standardization was carried out by using the time study and work study with the help of video analysis. Then the nonvalue added activities were categorized and about 120 minutes of floor to floor cycle time was reduced. Line balancing was carried out to in a machining cell to maximize the operators' utilization by using the one operatortwo machine methods. From results it was found that, the man power utilization was increased about 70%. Hence, the total cycle time and nonvalue added time has been reduced and also the overall productivity was increased to meet the customer demand at the right time.


It is known that biotic and abiotic stress hinder plant growth and development. The expression of transcription factors in response to pathogen-related (PR) proteins is observed. The role of various signalling pathways and stress-responsive genes in the defence mechanism against biotic stress is documented. Therefore, it is of interest to document data related to the molecular identification and genetic editing of transcription factors linked to stress in crop improvement. Hence, we review known information (basic structure, and regulatory mechanisms) on four transcription factor families (WRKY, NAC, bZIP, MYB) involved in biotic stresses.


Highlights There are ~ 2‐fold increased odds of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) and a ~ 2‐fold increased risk of odds of mortality in patients with history of diabetes mellitus compared to those without diabetes mellitus. Patients with a history of diabetes mellitus should be closely monitored if they get infected with COVID‐19. Results of meta‐analysis showing association of diabetes mellitus with severity (Panel A) of disease and mortality (Panel B) in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) patients


Objective:To explore the influence of psychological intervention on anxiety and depression in adult patients with epilepsy. Method:One hundred and sixty-three patients with epilepsy who received anti-epileptic treatment and psychological intervention were evaluated by Zung self-rating anxiety scale(SAS) and self-rating depression scale(SDS) pre-intervention,one month and three months after intervention,respectively. Results:Both anxiety and depression state of the patients improved significantly after psychological intervention.Compared with pre-intervention,the scores of SAS and SDS were not obviously different after one week of psychological intervention(P=0.469,0.272) ,but the differences were remarkable after one month and three months of intervention(F=15.196,16.207;all P0.001) . Conclusion:The adult epilepsy patients present with obvious mood of anxiety and depression.Both anxiety and depression state may be improved after psychological intervention,and the longer of intervention,the better of effect.


N-(Arylthio)-2,4-diaryl-6-ethoxycarbonylphenylaminyls (1), N-[(2,4-dichlorophenyl)thio]-2,4-diphenyl-6-acetylphenylaminyl (2), N-(arylthio)-2,4-diaryl-6-cyanophenylaminyls (3), N-[(2,4-dichlorophenyl)thio]-2,4-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-6-fluorophenylaminyl (4) and N-[(4-nitrophenyl)thio]-2,4-diphenylphenylaminyl (5) were generated by oxidation of the corresponding N-(arylthio)anilines. Although 4 and 5 were short-lived and decayed in 30 min, 1–3 were quite persistent and 3 could be isolated as radical crystals.
EPR spectra were measured for all radicals generated and the spin density distribution was evaluated. Ab initio MO calculations (the UHF Becke 3LYP/STO 6-31G) were performed, and a quantitative discussion on the spin density distribution was made. Magnetic susceptibility measurements were performed for three isolated radicals with a SQUID magnetometer. One radical was found to couple ferromagnetically, and analysis with the one-dimensional regular Heisenberg model gave 2J/kB = 11.2 K.


Background  The increase in the incidence of atopic dermatitis (AD) in developed countries has been related to familiar and environmental factors. This survey was undertaken to investigate the family background, birthweight and the home environment of children suffering from AD in order to point out the possible factors that provoke the development of the disease.


Recent studies have suggested the presence of health‐promoting compounds in prickly pear (Opuntia spp) with antioxidant, antiulcerogenic and anticancer properties. The objective of this present study was to assess the antioxidant and anticancer potential of Opuntia seeds extracts (OSE) obtained from nine underinvestigated cultivars of prickly pear. OSE yielded total phenolic values from 737–1,676.8 μg gallic acid equivalents/g of dried seed. Opuntia rastrera, one of the varieties, showed the highest concentration of phenolic compounds. The antioxidant capacity was assessed by the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay. ORAC values ranged from 17.7–41.25 μmoles Trolox equivalents/g. Polyphenolic content and antioxidant capacity of prickly pear seeds are comparable to other antioxidants fruits such as elderberry and black currant. OSE did not present toxicity on breast, prostate and colon cancer cells in a concentration range of 0.2–0.16 g/mL assessed by the MTT assay, other than for MOLT‐4 leukemia cells where growth was reduced with an IC50 value of 5 mg/mL by the O. rastrera extract. In addition, O. rastrera induced the phase II enzyme quinone reductase (QR), doubling QR activity at 0.08 g/mL. These findings suggest potential cancer‐preventing effects by inducing xenobiotic metabolism. Among the cultivars tested O. rastrera exhibited the highest potential in the prevention of carcinogenesis.


An experiment was conducted to test a rational principle of decision making called dynamic consistency. Decision makers were presented with a sequence of two gambles, and they were asked to make two decisions. Before the first gamble was played, they made a plan for the second gamble contingent on the outcome of the first gamble; then they played the first gamble and were asked to make a final decision regarding the second gamble after experiencing the first outome. Violations of dynamic consistency were observed, e.g., decision makers planned to the gamble a second time if the first gamble was won; but when in fact the first gamble was won, they switched and chose not to play the gamble a second time. Two models of dynamic inconsistency were compared at the individual level: One assumes that experience shifts the reference point and changes the utility associated with the final choice; another assumes that experience changes the subjective probability associated with the final choice. The reference point model provided the best account for the majority of participants. Modeling Dynamic Inconsistency 3 Most real life decisions require decsion makers to make plans for an uncertain future before they can decide how to act in the present. For example, a student must plan for a future job when deciding courses to take now in college; or a CEO must plan ahead for future markets when deciding products to develop now in the company. The generally prescribed procedure for planning a path of future actions entails backwards induction (c.f. Keeny & Raiffa, 1976; Raiffa, 1968; Von Vinterfeldt & Edwards, 1986), and one of the central assumptions of backward induction is a principle called dynamic consistency (Machina, 1989; Sarin & Wakker, 1998). According to the this principle, mere experience with the events upon which a plan was based should not change the preferences used to form the original plan. Empirical Tests of Dynamic Inconsistency Barkan and Busemeyer (1999) demonstrated the phenomenon of dynamic inconsistency utilizing a sequential gambling paradigm (originally developed by Tversky and Shafir, 1992). Barkan and Busemeyer (1999) presented DMs with two stage decision problems consisting of two sequential gambles (see Figure 1). The first gamble was obligatory and the DMs could either win or lose points with equal probability. Before playing the first gamble, the DMs had to make a plan as to whether or not they would take a second identical gamble. DMs made planned choices for the second gamble contingent on each possible outcome (gain, loss) of the first gamble. After playing the first gamble and actually experiencing its outcome, DMs then made a second final choice regarding the second gamble. <Insert Figure 1 about here> Modeling Dynamic Inconsistency 4 Barkan and Busemeyer (1999) found that on 20% of the times DM's final choices were inconsistent with their planned choices. Moreover, these changes of plans were systematic in their direction contingent on the experienced outcome. One direction of inconsistency showed risk aversion after experiencing gain. That is, when considering winning the first gamble, a DM made a planned choice to take the second gamble. However, after experiencing the anticipated gain, that DM changed his preference and made a final choice not to take the second gamble. Another direction of inconsistency showed risk seeking after experiencing loss. That is, when considering losing the first gamble, a DM made a planned choice not to take the second gamble. However, after experiencing the anticipated loss, that same DM changed his/her preference and made a final choice to take the second gamble. Three Alternative Explanations Barkan and Busemeyer (1999) considered three alternative explanations for these findings. One explanation is that dynamic inconsistency simply reflects choice inconsistency -that is random fluctuations in preferences for the same gamble presented twice. However, Barkan aand Busemeyer (1999) proved that choice inconsistency (alone) cannot explain the systematic directions or pattern of inconsistency that they found. A second explanation, following Tversky and Shafir (1992), is that experience changes the reference point used to evaluate the utility of the second gamble. This explanation assumes an asymmetric utility function (e.g. Prospect Theory, Kahneman & Tversky, 1979). When planning, the DM evaluates the second gamble against a neutral reference point. Experiencing Modeling Dynamic Inconsistency 5 a gain moves the reference point away from the neutral point towards the concave part of the utility function. When making the final choice, the DM reevaluates the second gamble against the new reference point. The reevaluation would cause the same gamble to seem less attractive than before and may lead the DM to reject it. Experiencing a loss moves the reference point in the opposite direction towards the convex part of the utility function. Re-evaluating the second gamble against the new reference point would make it seem more attractive than before and may lead the DM to accept it. A third explanation is based on changes in subjective probability rather than the utility associated with the second gamble. According to this explanation, experience triggers a change in the subjective probability in a way resembling the gambler's fallacy. When planning, the DM only considers the stated probabilities for winning and losing the second gamble. However, experiencing a gain in the first gamble would lead to a decrease in the subjective probability associated with another gain (in the second gamble). Re-evaluating the second gamble with decreased subjective probability for winning would make the same gamble seem less attractive than before and may lead the DM to reject it. The opposite would happen after experiencing a loss, since the subjective probability for another loss (in the second gamble) would decrease and the subjective probability for a gain would increase. Reevaluation of the second gamble would make it seem more attractive than before and may lead the DM to accept it. Barkan and Busemeyer (1999) argued in favor of the changing reference point model over the changing subjective probability model. However, the design of their initial study did not provide sufficient leverage to Modeling Dynamic Inconsistency 6 rigorously compare these two explanations. Thus, the cause of the systematic directions of inconsistency remains to be determined more convincingly. New Experimental Tests In order to test these two hypotheses more rigorously, we extended the design of the Barkan and Busemeyer (1999) study by examining the sequential gambling experiment with a broader set of 16 decision problems. Each decision problem consisted of two identical gambles. Each gamble gave 50% chance to win or lose points. The Expected Values of the gambles ranged from –10 to 50 in steps of 10. The first gamble in each decision problem was obligatory. One hundred DMs were asked to make planned choices as to whether they would take a second identical gamble contingent on winning and losing the first gamble. After the first gamble was played and its outcome was known, DMs were asked to make a second (final) choice regarding the second gamble. One of their choices (planned or final) was sampled at random to decide whether or not the second gamble would take place. Each Expected Value was represented with two decision problems (i.e. two different gambles). In order to control for the outcome of the first gamble for each Expected Value, the first gamble in one decision problem was won and the first gamble in the other decision problem was lost. The set of 16 gambles was counterbalanced and replicated twice. Points were translated to monetary payoff and subjects were paid according to their earnings in four decision problems sampled at random. Choice Probability Results Table 1 presents the probabilities of planned and final choices to take the second gamble. The upper half of Table Modeling Dynamic Inconsistency 7 1 shows the decision problems in which the first gamble was won. When DMs experienced gain, the probability of final acceptance was always lower than the probability of planned acceptance. The lower half of Table 1 shows the decision problems in which the first gamble was lost. When DMs experienced loss, the probability of final acceptance was always higher than the probability of planned acceptance. <Insert Table 1 about here> Dynamic Inconsistency For each decision problem (i.e. trial) the choices of each DM were recorded as either dynamically consistent or inconsistent. Choices were recorded as dynamically consistent when planned and final choices were identical. One consistent case was when both planned and final choices were to take the second gamble. Another consistent case was when both planned and final choices were to reject the second gamble. Choices were recorded as dynamically inconsistent when the DM's planned choice differed from his/her final choice. The findings showed that the over all proportion of dynamically inconsistent choices was 0.19. When the first gamble was won, the proportion of risk-aversion inconsistencies (planned acceptance and final rejection) was 0.12. The proportion of the risk-seeking inconsistencies (planned rejection and final acceptance) was only 0.05. When the first gamble was lost, dynamically inconsistent choices indicated an opposite pattern. The proportion of risk-aversion inconsistencies was 0.07, and the proportion of risk-seeking inconsistencies was 0.14 (see Figure 2). These findings replicate and extend Barkan and Busemeyer's (1999) earlier findings, regarding both the over all proportion of dynamically inconsistent Modeling Dynamic Inconsistency 8 trials and the systematic directions of preference reversals contingent on the experienced outcome. <Insert Figure 2 about here> Modeling Dynamic Inconsistency The three explanations for dynamic in


The Order Calobryales comprises two genera, Calobryum and Haplomitrium. Calobryum has five species; Haplomitrium has one (Reimers, 1954). There are records of the chromosomes of two species of Calobryum and of Haplomitrium hookeri. Tatuno (1933, 1941) describes the chromosomes of Calobryum rotundifolium (Mitt.) Schiffn. The gametophyte chromosome number is 9, and the complement includes a large heteropycnotic X-chromosome in the female, and a smaller heteropycnotic Ychromosome in the male. In the second paper (1941) he shows that the smallest chromosome of the complement is heteropycnotic, as well as the sex chromosome. This chromosome is classified as an "h-chromosome," or heteropycnotic microchromosome. Tatuno (1941) also describes a hyperhaploid race of the same species. He does not refer to nucleoli. Lorbeer (1934) gives an account of the chromosomes of Calobryum blumei Nees (9 only) and Haplomitrium hookeri (both sexes). He finds no heteropycnotic chromosomes or sex chromosomes. Each of these species has a complement of 9 chromosomes in the gametophyte. The present work was carried out on plants from pure cultures of female Haplomitrium hookeri supplied by the University of Cambridge culture collection. The reference number of the culture is 1868/1, and the origin of the material is given as "Prague, 1939."


The Sudeticum in Moravia shows a mirror symmetry with the Rhenohercynicum. Its foreland occurrend in the East in a region where the West Carpathians extend at present. At the SE border of this zone a sea transgression over the gneisses of Proterozoic age followed in the Givetian. During the Givetian and Frasnian the up to 800 m thick reef limes tones were laid down there, whereas in the Famennian up to Upper Viséan the condensed sequence of impure limestones was deposited. Only in the uppermost part of the Upper Viséan accelerated subsidence continues again the up to 1000 m thick formation of shales, siltstones and graywackes accumulates, that pass into the coal-bearing Namurian A filling the foredeep of the Variscan orogene. The sediment complex described has not been folded but in the W border of the foredeep boreholes, that penetrated a depth of several hundreds of meters, reached flat overthrusts of reef limestones over younger sediments in the viç}nity of the town Hranice in Moravia (DVORAK et aZ., 1980) . In 1982, the newly interpreted seismic section K 2 has pr9ved that the above described minor overthrusts accompany an extensive overthrust in the range of about 6 km. In that place the reef limestones ·of the Devonian were thrust over the horizontally deposited clastic sediments of the Upper Viséan that were penetrated by the Branky 1 borehole farther towards E. (cfr. fig. 1).


In the light of SMA characteristics,the paper introduces the materials for SMA-13L upper surface texture and the layout procedures for material propertioning on Dayaowang-Shugang Freeway.


User Experience (UX) is getting popular as a vital success factor across many sectors and industries, including educational institutions. It is the result of the interaction of the user, system, and context. Measuring UX is important for the purpose of having a good product or service. User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ) is one of the tools in measuring UX. It has six scales or attributes to be measured namely: attractiveness, perspicuity, efficiency, dependability, stimulation, and novelty with twenty six (26) items in total. The goal of the study is to determine the UX of the web services for the students using UEQ. In the study, the researcher used the Misamis University Online Learning Environment (MUOLE) and My Misamis University (MyMU). There were 300 respondents who rated the two websites. It was found out that both web services gained positive UX scores on attractiveness, efficiency, perspicuity, dependability, and stimulation. However, novelty is neutral. Moreover, the results of the study provide additional ideas to the future development of the two systems.


One particular approach to narratology involves the attempt to establish a connection between the author and the main character of a literary work. Many readers would qualify such a work as an "autobiographical novel", implying that the narrator or protagonist in a given literary text represents the author of the work. Whereas the reader's interest in biographical aspects would, at least to some extent, support such a close link, certain authors regularly make statements denying the existence of this relationship. This article aims to demonstrate how Henri Lopes uses literary techniques to 'cover up' clues and 'confuse' the reader as to the actual personality of the narrator-character. This rather exceptional concern with undermining the reader's recourse to an autobiographical approach is achieved through his novels. On the basis of this technique, the author comes to espouse a worldview different to the one held by the main characters depicted in his novels. Anxious to conceal his biography, Lopes believes that writing novels that confound his readers on the personality of the author is more helpful than issuing press releases denying self representation in his fiction.


Climate change substantially alters biodiversity, causing changes in phenology, genetic composition, and species ranges, which in turn affect species interactions and ecosystem processes (e.g. Root et al. 2003). Species outside of their natural ranges alter colonized ecosystems by introducing new biological interactions, causing even native species extinctions, and changing whole habitats. Progressive climate change is directly interconnected to biological invasions and may amplify the negative impact of alien species in many regions (Ricciardi et al. 2013).


Progress in the analysis of the wire-coating process is reviewed. In particular, the melt flow analysis inside high-speed, pressure-type, wire-coating dies is presented. Early analytical efforts have been based on the lubrication approximation theory under isothermal conditions. Recent advances include full nonisothermal flow analysis using numerical finite element methods. Wire-coating coextrusion is also reviewed. A need for more experimental data and inclusion of viscoelastic effects in the constitutive models used in the analysis are of primary importance for future work.


Co$_{1-x}$Mn$_x$Cr$_2$O$_4$ crystallizes as a normal spinel in the cubic $Fd \overline{3}m$ space group, and the end members have been reported to display a region of collinear ferrimagnetism as well as a low-temperature spin-spiral state with variable coherence lengths from 3 nm to 10 nm in polycrystalline samples. Here, we present the synthesis of the entire solid solution, and data showing that the ferrimagnetic ordering temperature as well as the spin-spiral lock-in temperature are tunable with the Co/Mn ratio. The peak magnetocaloric entropy change was determined to be $\Delta S_M$ = -5.63 J kg$^{-1}$ K$^{-1}$ in an applied magnetic field change of $\Delta H$ = 0 T to 5 T for the Mn end-member at the ferrimagnetic ordering temperature. Using density functional theory (DFT), we explore the shortcomings of the magnetic deformation proxy to identify trends in $\Delta S_M$ across composition in this spinel system, and explore future extensions of theory to address these discrepancies.


I T iS well known that the i834 Poor Law Amendment Act was, at most, a rationalization and expression of certain concepts which had long been recognized and discussed. Its revolutionary nature lay in the scale of the administrative reforms which it envisaged; and the problems discussed by the Poor Law Commission of i832-4 were, therefore, weighty rather than new. Less eligibility, to take only one example, was certainly not a novel idea.1 Nevertheless, a combination of factors had produced a totally new sociopolitical situation by i832-4, and it is perhaps fair to say that the complex of social ideas and economic influences of the twenties and early thirties, in so far as it related to the administration of the Poor Law, has never been adequately analysed. It is an aim of this regional study to set down a few details which may ultimately aid such analysis. The county of Nottinghamshire was the scene of a number of experiments associated with George Nicholls (later famous as a Poor Law Commissioner), the Reverend J. T. Becher, the Reverend Robert Lowe and Absalom Barnett, and this article describes their work and its economic background. Finally, an attempt is made to indicate the influence of their experiments on the members of the Poor Law Commission. This influence, as will be seen, was a very considerable one. The Nottinghamshire Reformers, as they can conveniently be called, were felt to have pointed the way towards the conquest of pauperism at least in their own area and it should be profitable to examine in retrospect the problems which faced them during the two decades before I834. These problems are more easily appreciated if, as a first step, we examine their economic background. Nottinghamshire was in I821 the fifth most industrialized county in England.2 Its status was not entirely dependent upon the development of comparatively new industries. The domestic framework knitting industry had long been established within its bounds, as in other parts of the East Midlands, and there were knitting frames in most of the villages in the western half of the county.3 Lace manufacture, which was to some extent


This paper presents an advanced formulation of the time-domain two-dimensional (2D) boundary element method (BEM) for an elastic, homogeneous unsaturated soil subjected to dynamic loadings. Unlike the usual time-domain BEM, the present formulation applies a convolution quadrature which requires only the Laplace-domain instead of the time-domain fundamental solutions. The coupled equations governing the dynamic behavior of unsaturated soils ignoring contributions of the inertia effects of the fluids (water and air) are derived based on the poromechanics theory within the framework of a suction-based mathematical model. In this formulation, the solid skeleton displacements ui, water pressure pw and air pressure pa are presumed to be independent variables. The fundamental solutions in Laplace transformed-domain for such a dynamic u−pw−pa theory have been obtained previously by authors. Then, the BE formulation in time is derived after regularization by partial integrations and time and spatial discretization...


Difference scheme on moving mesh for a class of singularly perturbed problem is constructed.Two algorithms are improved by changing initial mesh of moving mesh and introducing Richardson extrapolation.The algorithms are compared by numerical experiments,which shows the advantages of the improved algorithms.


Palgrave's intention in compiling his anthology in the 1860s was to collect the finest lyrical poems in the English language. The measure of his success is the great critical acclaim his volume won, and the fact that his name is still synonymous for many with English verse. This new edition of the anthology, the first for 30 years, provides insight into the changing landscape of English verse. A new section has been added to the volume consisting of post-World War II verse (thus including some names who also figured in the previous edition), which will introduce all of the significant practitioners of verse in Britain and Ireland. Fleur Adcock, Carol Ann Duffy, Douglas Dunn, Gavin Ewart, Tony Harrison, Seamus Heaney, Elizabeth Jennings, Derek Mahon, Sylvia Plath, Peter Porter, Carol Rumens, Anne Stevenson and Hugo Williams are among the names to figure in the book for the first time.


The article is devoted to the analysis of the onym functional characteristics in English scientific and technical discourse. The analysis is made on the material of scientific articles and monographs written by the native speakers or the scientists who use the English language as the foreign one. The Internet articles devoted to some scientists, inventions and discoveries are examined. All the studied onyms are divided into three groups: anthroponyms, eponyms and toponyms. There is a special classification for each onym according to the structure followed by the examples from the texts of scientific and technical discourse. The classifications proposed by the scholars are taken as a basis and modified according to the analyzed type of the discourse. The functions performed individually by the onym (anthroponym, eponym or toponym) are singled out as well as the functions performed jointly by all the studied onyms. Among the first ones there are internal conventionality of article/monograph, ethiquettical, discursive, attention attraction, memorial and indexal. Among the last ones there are recongnitive, axiological, authorship priority recognition and information compression functions. All the functions are presented in the Table. The conclusions of onym frequency use in the axiological function are made. The most prevalent function is marked out. The support to the following conclusions is provided. Ключевые слова: onym, anthroponym, eponym, toponym, function, scientific and technical discourse.


The purpose of the investigation project, resides mainly in the necessity of knowing the quality of the services that spas of fresh water offer in the cities of Pinas, Zaruma and Portovelo, reason for the one which previously was carried out a diagnostic of the spas. For the investigation that was carried out in each one of the spas in study, the exploratory and descriptive investigation was used as methodology; the surveys took based on the stratified sample of the tourists. Additionally was carried out interviews to employees and proprietors of these spas. Based on the obtained information of the surveys, interviews, of analysis the cycle of life of these spas, of the functionality indicators and tourist centralidad, of the determination of the lauds capacity and of the study of the environmental impact taking ace normative the program century 21; we proceeded to design the Plan of quality of the tourist services, the one which not alone it will benefit the owners of the spas that plows study object but also to tourist managers that have similar business or tune, but mainly it will be favored the tourists.


The title of this essay is a play on Nietzsche's famous essay, 'On the Uses and Disadvantages of History for Life', in which the philosopher asks what kind of health history might promote for an individual, a people or a culture. The answer he proposes is a 'true self ' that is both part of history (historical) and beyond it (ahistorical).1 By situating the question of terror under the auspices of Nietzsche and the notion of 'literary' health, I should like to take up (indirectly, at least) some of the questions posed by Nietzsche's own equally famous interpreter, Gilles Deleuze. For like Nietzsche, Deleuze's own philosophical interrogation revolves around questions of health and, more specifically, how and why, despite our best critical efforts to go beyond moral and philosophical enslavement, we desire those very conditions. From the debut of his work to his last published essay, Deleuze reminds us that one of the areas in which these conditions might best be 'diagnosed' and 'treated' is in literature itself. Drawing a parallel between Nietzsche's historical/ ahistorical existence, Deleuze repeatedly insists that literature is what allows the 'impersonal' to shine through the personal work of an author. It is this movement from the personal to the impersonal that promotes a new health for the individual, a people and a culture, according to Deleuze.


Abstract Gambel oak (Quercus gambelii) is a valuable tree species for wildlife. In Arizona, USA, it occurs at higher elevations in association with ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa). Southwestern myotis (Myotis auriculus) is a bat species that has been anecdotally documented as selecting Gambel oak for maternity roost sites. During summers of 1999 and 2000, we conducted a radiotelemetry study to determine whether lactating, female southwestern myotis selected Gambel oak as maternity roosts within the ponderosa pine–Gambel oak forest in northern Arizona. We located 34 maternity roosts for southwestern myotis in Gambel oak trees (14 females) and 5 roosts in ponderosa pine snags (1 female). Maternity roosts were located in live Gambel oak trees >26-cm diameter at root collar (drc) that contained cavities. We used Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) to evaluate 4 a priori hypotheses about southwestern Myotis maternity roost selection in northern Arizona. Our top model contained parameters for roost tree height and density of potential roost trees. Roost trees were taller than randomly selected Gambel oak trees. Forest patches immediately surrounding roost trees contained a higher density of large oak trees (drc >26 cm) than around randomly selected trees. We recommend the protection of large Gambel oak trees and encourage recruitment of large Gambel oak trees from smaller size classes to ensure that roosts remain available for southwestern myotis.


Nowadays the agriculture is a significant source of potential negative impact on the environment. This impact can be manifested in the soil exhaustion, water and atmosphere pollution, loss of biodiversity, climate change and others. One way out of this situation may be to improve the system of state regulation in the sphere of environment protection with the aim to encourage the implementation of best available techniques.


A big data processing method to predict solar power generation using systems engineering approach is developed in this work. For developing analytical method, linear model (LM), support vector machine (SVN), and artificial neural network (ANN) technique are chosen. As evaluation indices, the cross-correlation and the mean square root of prediction error (RMSEP) are used. From multi-variable comparison test, it was found that ANN methodology provides the highest correlation and the lowest RMSEP.


The typical fluid-solid interaction analysis is used,the instance of big length-to-diameter ratio rods flight in the air is studied by 3-D numerical simulation,the attenuation coefficient of velocity and the distribution of equivalent stress is calculated for the rods with different dimensions.The results of numerical simulation is compared with those of experiment for reference of the other kinds of discrete rod warheads.


Epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a pivotal role in the conversion of early stage tumors into invasive malignancies, and has been shown to be regulated by the transcriptional factor, Snail. Recently, activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3′ kinase (PI3K)/AKT axis is emerging as a central feature of EMT. However, it is unclear whether the phosphorylation of AKT regulate the expression of snail in oral cancer cell underwent EMT. To investigate a role of p‐AKT in EMT, we assessed the effects of inhibiting p‐AKT activity in oral squamous cancer cells (KOSCC‐25B) using PIAs, structurally modified phosphatidylinositol ether lipid analogues (PIAs). PIAs decreased phosphorylation of c‐Jun N‐terminal Kinase(JNK) and increased phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK‐3beta). Inhibition of p‐AKT induced down regulation of Snail and Twist, but Sip1 regulated independent of p‐AKT inhibition. Also inhibition of p‐AKT decreased cell migration and invasion. Therefore our results implicate that p‐AKT may contribute to the translocalization of snail in the EMT associated with cancer cell migration and invasion.


This book meets its stated aims by using an interdisciplinary approach to provide up-to-date reviews, comments and references on a varied selection of biomechanics topics, and by providing speculative comments on future research. The emphasis of the book is not on sporting applications, but there is an underlying sporting theme throughout. The book is divided into three parts, each containing a number of chapters written by specialists in each specific area of biomechanics. Part I describes sport and clinical applications of biomechanical methods, specifically concentrating on human locomotion


This paper focused on extracting water classification of the Yangtze River Estuary and the adjacent East China Sea during an algal bloom using three remote sensing approaches.Firstly,both Supervised Maximum likelihood and Unsupervised ISODATA methods were applied into the classification extraction.Then,based on the spectral characteristics of different waters a new method named Band-ratio Threshold Method consisting of Model 1 and Model 2 was developed,C1= Lrs(645)/Lrs(469) and C2= Lrs(555)/Lrs(469).The results derived from three methods showed the spatial distribution of waters in our study area from the coastal area to open ocean.They were the suspended sediment water,eutrophication water,and algal bloom water,boundary water of algal bloom and open ocean water.The maximum likelihood supervised method was more specific to classes of comparatively homogenous pixel values such as suspended sediment water and eutrophication water,while ISODATA unsupervised method could serve as a reference proof due to its severe misjudgments.Compared with the aforementioned two methods,the method put forward in this paper had a higher accuracy.The results of Model 1 was superior in identifying suspended sediment water with an overall accuracy of 91.34% and the Kappa coefficient of 0.88;Model 2 could better detect the spatial range of the algal bloom water with an overall accuracy of 94.14% and Kappa coefficient of 0.92.


The next issue of the Primary Dental Journal will focus on radiology and radiation protection. As a professional development journal for the whole dental team, we are keen to include all members of the dental profession, and are aware that this topic may not be as valuable for dental technicians. As a result, we would particularly like to hear from dental technicians who would be interested in contributing a piece for the January 2013 edition of the PDJ on dental materials. To get involved, please contact Justine Wallis at firstname.lastname@example.com


Given a smooth and oriented surface M in the Euclidean space R 3 , the conjugate curve congruence Cis a family of pairs of foliations on M that links the lines of curvature and the asymptotic curves of M. This family is first introduced in (21) and is studied in (8, 13). When the surface M = M0 is deformed in a 1-parameter family of surfaces Mt, we obtain a 2-parameter family of conjugate curve congruence C�,t. We study in this paper the generic local singularities in C�0,0 and the way they bifurcate in the family C�,t, with (�,t) close to (�0,0).


We introduce a novel approach for assisting users in exploring 2D data representations with an interactive lens. Focus‐and‐context exploration is supported by translating user actions to the joint adjustments in camera and lens parameters that ensure a good placement and sizing of the lens within the view. This general approach, implemented using standard device mappings, overcomes the limitations of current solutions, which force users to continuously switch from lens positioning and scaling to view panning and zooming. Navigation is further assisted by exploiting data annotations. In addition to traditional visual markups and information links, we associate to each annotation a lens configuration that highlights the region of interest. During interaction, an assisting controller determines the next best lens in the database based on the current view and lens parameters and the navigation history. Then, the controller interactively guides the user's lens towards the selected target and displays its annotation markup. As only one annotation markup is displayed at a time, clutter is reduced. Moreover, in addition to guidance, the navigation can also be automated to create a tour through the data. While our methods are generally applicable to general 2D visualization, we have implemented them for the exploration of stratigraphic relightable models. The capabilities of our approach are demonstrated in cultural heritage use cases. A user study has been performed in order to validate our approach.


Regional science policy aims at the creation of productive knowledge clusters, which are central places within an epistemic landscape of knowledge production and dissemination, K-clusters are said to have the organisational capability to drive innovations and create new industries. The following paper will look at Malaysia, Indonesia and Vietnam and their path towards a Knowledge-based economy. All governments have used cluster formation as one of their development strategies. Some evidence on the current state of knowledge cluster formation is provided. If the formation of a knowledge cluster has been the government policy, what has been the result? Is there an epistemic landscape of knowledge clusters? Has the main knowledge cluster really materialised? Data collected from websites, directories, government publications and expert interviews have enabled us to construct the epistemic landscape of Peninsular Malaysia and the Mekong Delta of Vietnam. Several knowledge clusters of a high density of knowledge producing institutions and their knowledge workers have been identified and described. An analysis of the knowledge output, measured in terms of scientific publications, patents and trademarks show that knowledge clusters have, indeed, been productive as predicted by cluster theory, though the internal working of clusters require further explanation.


Differential Evolution (DE) is one of the powerful optimization methods. Performance of this algorithm is significantly relying on its parameter setting. These parameters are usually constant during the entire search process. However to set them accurately is not easy and totally depends on the problem characteristic. To address this challenge, a number of methods have been proposed to automatically fine-tune the parameters, according to feature of the problem. In this paper we evaluated two variations of adaptive DE for application of optimal image Contrast Enhancement. The first method was DE using chaotic sequences and the second was DE based on random adjustment of the parameters. The objective of both variations in this application is to increase the fitness criterion with the aim of enhance the contrast and details of the image. The results are compared with classical DE by four testing images, i.e. Cameraman, Lena, Boat, and Rice. The simulation results show that, applications of these variations adaptive DE in image contrast enhancement are potential approach to increase the performance of classical DE.


This paper attempts to identify the overall reform issues affecting the private sector in Mongolia. The paper, first, provides a detailed description of the stucture and characteristics of the private sector in Mongolia. That is, an analysis of what consitutes the private sector is made, including an assessment of the number of private sector entities, the type of activities engaged, and the number of employees in the private sector. Further, an assessment of how the private sector evolved is made, focussing on Mongolia's privatization process. The paper, then examines private sector development issues in Mongolia. It identifies four impediments to private sector growth: (a) managerial and corporate governance issues relating to the privatization process; (b) distortions in the (domestic) distribution process through the use of centralized procurement; (c) lengthy export regulations and licensing requirements that hinders private sector exports; and (d) state control over imports that constrain private sector access to imported raw materials. In this connection, the paper suggests short-term measures to create and/or sustain a supply response from the private sector. Finally, it examines the medium and long-term structural and institutional needs of the private sector, including measures that affect private sector access to credit from the commercial banking system.


Second harmonic generation at the surface of Na and K clusters was studied using femtosecond laser pulses. The observed size dependence of the second harmonic intensity can be explained by resonant enhancement of surface plasmon polariton excitation. At different cluster sizes, the second order interferometric autocorrelation of a 25 fs pulse was recorded using the clusters as nonlinear medium. There is no broadening of the cluster autocorrelation with respect to a non resonant reference autocorrelation within the experimental error of 1 fs. This experimental finding is independent of particle size, resonance of the fundamental (potassium) or the second harmonic (sodium) or surface modification by chemisorption of oxygen.


Hypothesis / aims of study Bladder neck (BN) support and elevation is important to maintain continence. Conservative treatment of stress urinary incontinence sometimes includes gymnastic exercises that are thought to co-activate the pelvic floor and therefore would be helpful in urinary incontinent patients. The aim of this study was to assess sonographically whether selected exercises elevate the bladder neck and thereby contribute to the continence mechanism.


Objective To observe the effects of Radix et Rhizomarbei on contractile activity of isolated rabbit sphincter of Oddi and smooth muscle of duodenum. Methods The organ-bath was used to observe the contractile activity of isolated smooth muscle from rabbit sphincter of Oddi and duodenal longitudinal layer after cumulatively administrated different concentration decoctions of Radix et Rhizomarbei. Results Radix et Rhizomarbei significantly reduced the resting tension of sphincter of Oddi, decreased its average contractile amplitude and contractile frequency in dependent manner, and also could decrease the average contractile amplitude of duodenal longitudinal muscle, but had no effects on duodenal resting tension and contractile frequency. Conclusion Decoctions of Radix et Rhizomarbei could relax isolated rabbit sphincter of Oddi and smooth muscle of duodenum.


The objective of this study was to develop the theory of the three dimensional grading.The basic experimental patterns were prepared firstly by transferring the darts and modifying patterns on the basis of the structure of new Bunka Prototype.The basic experimental patterns were graded by means of two dimensional grading and three dimensional grading,respectively,and the samples were then made.This study compared the effects of the samples and the graded patterns obtained by using two dimensional grading with those obtained by using three dimensional grading.The results showed that the advantage of the three dimensional grading was significant,and the patterns made by three dimensional grading were more suitable for body form.


Abstract Internationally, Home Care is invariably funded through fee-per-service, e.g., if an hour of care is delivered, the provider receives an associated amount of funding. However, the funding model discourages reductions in packages-of-care when a client's functional capacity improves, and further disincentivises providers to discharge clients. Similarly, staff income is often directly associated to the delivered hours-of-care and if a client's hours are reduced, so is their income; again, discouraging the right behaviour, such as reporting improvements in independence levels. In 2008 in New Zealand, we developed a case-mix funding methodology and have been progressively implementing the new model since that time. This presentation highlights the findings in relation to how Home Care service hour allocations titrate against needs following implementation of the model as well as a number of other key quality outcomes that have been observed as a result of the case-mix model.


In the fourth report of the Croatian Birds Rarities Committee, new accepted records of rare birds that were submitted to the committee in the period 2012-2016 are reported. Ten species, of which one is treated as escape from captivity, and two subspecies have been observed in Croatia for the first time. The list of birds of Croatia now holds 396 species in categories A, B and C, and 5 species in category C E. Further 11 species are recorded in category E and one in category D, and these are not included in the list of birds of Croatia. Three species have been removed from the rare birds list due to the increasing number of their observations. The list of rare bird taxa now includes 72 species, of which 5 are included in category C E, and 4 subspecies. Additional eleven species are treated as escapees (category E) and one as probable escapee (category D).


Students tend not to test programs well. This assignment forces them to create enough test cases so that they have demonstrated that a series of functions provided to them are different. We intend this experience will improve their ability, when they start programming, to create test cases that will justify their assumption that their program implements the function they want and not merely one that is similar.


Using tracking data obtained from the smartphone and Internet survey, a data-driven machine learning method is proposed to identify trip ends. In previous literature, this is usually done based on some predefined rules, which have been confirmed to be valid. Nonetheless, these rule-based methods largely depend on researchers' own knowledge, which is inevitably subjective and arbitrary. Moreover, they are not effective enough to process the huge amount of data in the era of big data. In this paper, millions of smartphone-based GPS tracking data are targeted. A group of attributes, such as travel speed, distance, and heading, are derived to characterize the smartphone holders' travel status. In other words, the tracking points could be identified as being at the state of traveling or non-traveling, based on which the trip ends are easily detected. In contrast to those rule-based methods, a random forest is utilized in this paper as the classification model, with no subjective rules predefined for classification. This data-driven model is automatically built. The results show that after training the GPS tracking data of 1393 days and the prompted recall (PR) survey data using the random forest, the accuracy of trip ends identification on tracking data of 697 days is 96.17%. The current analysis is free from personal experiences, which is expected to be useful for the smartphone-based survey data in the era of big data.


Six months before her visit with me, Betty had noticed some mild pain in her knee, which bothered her enough to visit a doctor. Prescribed medication gave some initial relief, but the pain recurred. Betty began to use a cane. She continued to work and tried to adjust to the increasing discomfort. She did not return to the doctor; it seemed that she realized her problem was a grave one. The pain increased. Within a few months Betty could no longer walk and began to use a wheelchair. From what little she was willing to reveal, I learned that Betty's husband, a "victim of cancer," had died the previous summer. Betty had cared for him for seven years—in and out of hospitals for repeated chemotherapy—waiting quietly as he died. She had sometimes felt "trapped" during those years. After his death she looked forward to traveling and to visiting her son


This paper discusses a simple and explicit toy-model example of the categorical Hopfield equations introduced in previous work of Manin and the author. These describe dynamical assignments of resources to networks, where resources are objects in unital symmetric monoidal categories and assignments are realized by summing functors. The special case discussed here is based on computational resources (computational models of neurons) as objects in a category of DNNs, with a simple choice of the endofunctors defining the Hopfield equations that reproduce the usual updating of the weights in DNNs by gradient descent.


The measurement of surface texture is one of the most common and important ways to judge the quality of a technical surface. In order to verify whether a metrology device is able to measure certain types of roughness accurately, various roughness standards with calibrated roughness values are available. While almost all roughness standards produced so far have been designed for tactile systems we demonstrate how the optical metrology device InfiniteFocus can be applied to special roughness standards that have been artificially roughened. Experiments are performed on standards with periodic structure and the results of the optical system are compared to the calibrated values obtained by tactile systems with different tip radius. Additionally the profile-based measurements are compared to area-based measurements conform to a recently developed ISO standard draft. Finally roughness measurements on real surfaces are presented.


This thesis is a study of one hasidic leader's response to change at the turn of the nineteenth century. Rabbi Shalom DovBer Schneersohn (RaShaB) (1860-1920) served as the fifth HaBaD-Lubavich Rebbe, and during his tenure sought to protect Orthodox Judaism from what he perceived to be threatening new movements and ideas. At the same time, he sought to revitalise and expand HaBaD hasidism. This study examines RaShaB's response to change by focusing on three areas in which he invested considerable energy: his battle with the Russian Haskalah movement, his response to Zionism, and the establishment of his yeshivah system, Tomkhei Tmimim. While at first glance RaShaB appears to be radically anti-modem, resisting the new in the hope of conserving the old, closer examination reveals a more complex picture. This thesis demonstrates how, while resisting change, RaShaB also appreciated its value, and in certain contexts, embraced it flly. His ability to understand the causes as well as the implications of change enabled him to exploit it selectively to best serve his goals. This skill, together with his ability to articulate his vision clearly and to organise and motivate people, enabled him to lay the groundwork for turning a parochial hasidic court into the international HaBaD-Lubavich movement of today.


A resilient superconductor Superconductivity typically does not fare well in the presence of magnetic fields, which tend to break the electron pairs that make a material superconducting. However, some materials, such as the recently discovered Ising superconductors, retain their properties in very high magnetic fields. Ising pairing was identified in transition metal dichalcogenides such as molybdenum disulfide and required the breaking of inversion symmetry. Falson et al. have now found a similar resilience to in-plane magnetic fields in another two-dimensional material, few-layer stanene. The band structure of stanene and the lack of inversion symmetry breaking in the system required a distinct theoretical model to explain this property, now dubbed type II Ising pairing. Science, this issue p. 1454 Transport measurements reveal a superconductor that is unusually resilient to in-plane magnetic fields. Spin-orbit coupling has proven indispensable in the realization of topological materials and, more recently, Ising pairing in two-dimensional superconductors. This pairing mechanism relies on inversion symmetry–breaking and sustains anomalously large in-plane polarizing magnetic fields whose upper limit is predicted to diverge at low temperatures. Here, we show that the recently discovered superconductor few-layer stanene, epitaxially strained gray tin (α-Sn), exhibits a distinct type of Ising pairing between carriers residing in bands with different orbital indices near the Γ-point. The bands are split as a result of spin-orbit locking without the participation of inversion symmetry–breaking. The in-plane upper critical field is strongly enhanced at ultralow temperature and reveals the predicted upturn.


We introduced treatment methods of chronic prostatitis(CP) patients with premature ejaculation based on syndrome differentiation of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),which have formed from the Urology Department of Xiyuan Hospital affiliated to China Academy of traditional Chinese Medicine.The department divided syndrome of TCM into five types,including kidney yang deficiency,kidney qi deficiency,kidney yin deficiency,heart-kidney imbalance,hepatic qi stagnation,damp invasion of lower energizer,phlegm disturbed in essence room,qi deficiency and blood stasis according to our experiences in the treatment of CP patients with premature ejaculation,and the treatment with TCM methods based on these syndrome types achieved a good result in clinical practice.


To the Editor .—Caution is warranted in interpreting the causal role of extra centric chromosomal fragments in various congenital malformations. Hoehn et al, 1 in a review of 18 cases with morphologically similar minute extra chromosomes, described 25% as phenotypically normal, 50% as suffering from regular or translocated Down's syndrome, and the remaining clinically affected individuals as having, as the main common trait, mental retardation. Except for those cases with features suggestive of Down's syndrome, no particular phenotype-karyotype relationship could be established in cases with familial occurrence of an additional small centric chromosome. We wish to report here a case of Prune-Belly syndrome in a family with an extra centric fragment. A newborn (birth weight 3,800 gm [8½ lb], born at term) was referred for cytogenetic studies because of the following congenital abnormalities: absence of abdominal wall muscles, polycystic kidneys, bilateral megaloureters, and genital hypoplasia. Chromosome analysis of umbilical