Acetylcholine (ACh), a classical neurotransmitter of the central and peripheral nervous systems, triggers signal transduction events. The availability of ACh in cells and body fluids relais in the actions of choline acetyltranferase (ChAT), the enzyme that makes ACh from acetyl-coenzyme A and choline [1], and the cholinesterases acetyl(AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) [2]. Owing to their high ACh-hydrolyzing capacity, AChE and BChE allow sustain temporal and spatial control of the great variety of down-stream cellular events that follows activation of nicotinic (nAChRs) and muscarinic receptors (mAChRs). Down-regulation of ChAT decreases the level of available ACh, this ACh deficiency being especially intense in Alzheimer ́s disease (AD) owing to the progressive loss of cholinergic neurons in the brain areas involved in cognitive functions [3]. The attempts to overcome this deficiency of ACh by prescribing ChE inhibitors (ChE-I) have been unsuccessful. Over 100 million AD patients have been treated with ChE-I since 1986 and, despite clinical stabilization for up to one year in 20% of them an efficient therapy against cognitive troubles has not been found yet, which has prompted clinicians to pursuit new therapeutic approaches [4]. While at the muscular level the deficiency of AChE is causally related with myasthenic disorders [5], AChE down-expression and the subsequent risen level of ACh likely facilitate intense and long lasting cholinergic effects, which may even favour tumour growth [6-9].


Recently the number of myopia students is increasing. How to prevent this has become a problem which is urgently needed to be resolved. In order to find a effective way to treat and prevent myopia, we set up a program of practising Yuan Ji Gong in two classes of a middle school in Wuhan from Feb,, 1990 to March, 1991. Among 109 students, including 50 from class 3of Grade 1, with 14 myopia 49 from class 1 of Grade 1, with 21 near -sighted, class 3 was selected as practice Yuan Ji Gong group, while Class 1 as control group. Visual acuity test chart (logarithmic table) was used. The students with sight below 5.0 and normal near vision were further checked by using mydriatic (after 3 days Atropine instillation), in order to confirm myopia Our study only analysis the students who practised 11 days (recent period) and 13 monthes (far period). The result is as follow: 1. Vision change of stutents with normal vision after practising Yuan Ji Gong We can see that after 11 days and 13 monthes practising Yuan Ji Gong, among the 72 normal vision eyes, the improvement rate was higher than control group (the 76 normal vision eyes), while both the deteroration rate and new case with hypopsia were lower than control group. The difference between the 2 groups was statistically significate (P0.05). The result indicated that Yuan Ji Gong can increase students' vision and the far period result from practice Yuan Ji Gong is better than recent period. 2. Effectiveness of myopia treated by Yuan Ji Gong We can see that among 28 myopia eyes in practising Group, after 13 monthes practice, the recove ery rate was 28.57%. improvement rate 46.43%, whereas, in the control group among 42 myopia eyes, the rates of recovery and improvement were 4.75% and 11.90%, respectively. The difference bet ween these two group was statistically significate (P0.01). The result indicated that practice yuan Ji Gong can help the vision recovery and decrease the onset of new myopia 3. Influcence on different kind of dioptry myopia In practice group after 11 days and 13 monthes practice Yuan Ji Gong The result showed that Yuan Ji Gong had its significate treatment effectiveness on myopia with different dioptry, especially the case with low dioptry. The reasons for students' myopia are various. However, the main reason is that the time they spend in reading and wring at short distance is too long, which induces the ciliary muscle spasm continuously that causes hypopisa. by practice Yuan Ji Gong, including dynamic, static and massage Gong, the blood circulation arround eyes increases, and muscle's spasm readuces, therefore the vision improves. Generally, practice Yuan Ji Gong can play a role in preventing students suffering from myopia The school can reduce the onest of myopia by organiziag students practice Yuan Ji Gong which is simple to learn, and to be save. The stcudents only need half an hour practice which can create good result. We suggest that practice Yuan Ji Gong should be widened into more schools.


Electrocardiography (ECG) has been instrumental for early detection of cardiovascular anomalies. In this research, we successfully prototyped and evaluated the performance of a novel dry electrode as ECG sensor. Copper was selected as dry electrode material due to its good balance between conductivity and affordability. Polyaniline was used as a conductive coating to facilitate the conversion of ionic currents from the human body into electrical currents in electronic circuits. The coating was carried out via electrodeposition technique. Optimal electrodeposition time of 20 min using acetic acid as a dopant was established. This yields in the dry electrode with comparable performance to the certified wet electrode currently available in the market, shown by PQRST signal correlation between dry electrodes (this study) and the wet electrode (benchmark) which is close to zero. The dry electrode prototyped in this study is characterized to have a conductivity of 7 x 10 -4 S/mm, a resistance of 10 Ω, capacitive reactance of 140 Ω, and excellent signal stability showing a value of 256.5 μV consistently for 2 hours.


The local structure of the defect, vacancy disordered fluorite Yb3TaO7 has been investigated using neutron total scattering methods. The average structure of Yb3TaO7 is well described in space group Fmm, with unit cell constant a = 5.1872(1) A, in which Yb and Ta occupy, randomly, the single cation site in a fluorite structure and there is a vacancy concentration of approximately ⅛ on the anion site. Examination of the neutron diffraction data shows many features in the background which can be ascribed to local order of Yb, Ta, and O atoms. The pair distribution function, G(r), was analyzed using both crystallographic models and Reverse Monte Carlo (RMC) methods. From both perspectives the local structure resembles very strongly the cation and vacancy ordered model expected by extrapolation from the structure of Ho3TaO7, space group C2221. As well, this local structure model provides a superior fit to the G(r) out to ∼30 A compared to the average structure model. This result may have implications for the understanding of phenomena such as catalytic activity which are reported to depend on order/disorder structural transformations in the series, RE3TaO7 and RE3NbO7 where RE is a rare earth element.


The treatment of HIV/HCV co-infection presents many questions that have not yet been answered or on which there is no consensus. Since it is a recently introduced issue, the guidelines in the literature are divergent on some points. The still fragmented knowledge and lack of long-term worldwide experience in the treatment of such co-infections has forced referral facilities to constantly update their approaches. Some guidelines for the management of the HIV/HCV coinfected patient have been proposed, and new recommendations are particularly necessary: • Management of patients with persistently normal aminotransferase levels. • Definition and quantification of liver fibrosis: when and how? • Predictors of the response to anti-HCV therapy in coinfected patients. • Therapeutic doses of pegylated interferon and ribavirin. • Treatment duration. • Treatment of nonresponsive and recidivist patients. • Treatment of acute infection in HIV-positive patients. • HIV/HCV/HBV co-infected patients. • Interaction between antiretroviral drugs and anti-HCV therapeutics. • Antiretroviral hepatotoxicity in co-infected patients. • Antiretroviral drugs and recommended doses in hepatic insufficiency. Management of Patients with Persistently Normal Aminotransferase Establishing the persistence of normal aminotransferase levels in HCV-infected patients is difficult, especially in coinfected patients. Fluctuations in the levels of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase are common in this group of patients due to several factors, among which are the use of drugs of hepatotoxic potential, alcohol abuse, and infection with other opportunistic agents. In contrast to mono-infected patients, who present persistently normal alanine aminotransferase levels (~25%), co-infected patients present levels of 7-9%. However, of such patients, 25-40% present advanced liver fibrosis, which leads to liver cirrhosis. The rapid evolution of fibrosis in co-infected patients, even in those with normal transaminase levels, indicates treatment, based on patient motivation, duration of the disease, fibrosis stage, and viral load of HCV. Definition and Quantification of Liver Fibrosis: When and How? Various studies have demonstrated the rapidity of liver fibrosis progression in HIV/HCV co-infected patients. Such patients, even those presenting little or no fibrosis, should undergo histological evaluation at least every two years. Unfortunately, since it is an invasive procedure, liver biopsy might present complications resulting from technical performance. Pathologist reports are often made difficult by the small size of the liver fragments obtained in the biopsy, which has repercussions for the indication of anti-HCV therapy. Despite the disadvantages of liver biopsy, it remains the principal technique for determining the severity of hepatic injury.


The main objective of this investigation is to study the behaviour of glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) composite highway bridge deck panels under static loading. A GFRP composite bridge deck panel of 3000 mm length, 1000 mm width, and 300 mm depth was fabricated using contact moulding process. The cross section of the GFRP composite bridge deck panel was a 3-cell rectangular section with additional stiffeners connecting the web to the top flange of the deck. A rectangular patch load that represents the IRC Class A wheeled vehicle was applied at the centre of the bridge deck panel and tested under factored load upto failure. SOLID45 and SHELL93 elements were used to model the GFRP composite bridge deck panel and analysed using the finite element analysis (FEA) software ANSYS. The maximum deflection and maximum strain at factored load and load at failure obtained from FEA were compared with experimental data and also with the specifications by the Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT), USA. Based on the experimental and analytical studies it is concluded that the fabricated bridge deck panels satisfied the performance criteria and can be used in highways under IRC Class A loading.


The design of the difficulty adjustment algorithm (DAA) of the Bitcoin system is vulnerable as it dismisses miners' strategic responses to policy changes. We develop an economic model of the Proof-of-Work based blockchain system. Our model allows miners to pause operation when the expected reward is below the shutdown point. Hence, the supply of aggregate hash power can be elastic in the cryptocurrency price and the difficulty target of the mining puzzle. We prove that, when the hash supply is elastic, the Bitcoin DAA fails to adjust the block arrival rate to the targeted level. In contrast, the DAA of another blockchain system, Bitcoin Cash, is shown to be stable even when the cryptocurrency price is volatile and the supply of hash power is highly elastic. We also provide empirical evidence and simulation results supporting the model's prediction. Our results indicate that the current Bitcoin system might collapse if a sharp price reduction lowers the reward for mining denominated in fiat money. While this crisis can be prevented through the upgrading of DAA, we also discuss that a large fraction of miners may disagree with upgrading the DAA because they can obtain a larger expected profit from an unstable DAA.


We propose and demonstrate a novel chaos synchronization scheme over 40 km fiber based on common signal optical injection. Meanwhile, the bandwidth of synchronized chaos is greatly enhanced.


This article explores the influence of interorganizational linkages upon the policy decisions of professional societies concerning proposed federal occupational health legislation. The specific focus is on the policies of seven associations of health and safety professionals regarding the proposed "High Risk Act" of 1985-88. In contrast to new class theories viewing professionals as generally supportive of reform policies, in the theoretical perspective presented here, professional societies' positions reflect the influence of structural linkages tying their members, leaders, and organizations to either the public or corporate sectors. A comparative research design using data from interviews and archival sources is employed. Multiple linkages between associations and the public sector were typically associated with policies of strong support for the High Risk legislation while multiple linkages to the corporate sector produced opposite outcomes. Contextual events and circumstances intersect with structural linkages to both reinforce and modify predicted association policy positions.


Abstract The present work describes eco-friendly multicomponent protocol for the synthesis in excellent yields of structurally diverse benzylpyrazolyl coumarin 5 (a–s) involving the reaction of 4-hydroxycoumarin, ethyl acetoacetate, hydrazine hydrate/phenyl hydrazine hydrate and aldehydes, also novel pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole derivatives 8 (a–k) integrated by isonicotinic acid hydrazide from reaction of aldehyde, ethyl acetoacetate, malononitrile with isoniazid, employing water as a reaction medium and 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid (taurine) as the catalyst. This new methodology endowed the advantages such as short reaction time, recovery of catalysts after catalytic reaction and reusing them without losing their activity and alleviate of operation. Graphical Abstract


The author researches the propensity and its applied history of mammal and amphibious reptile (including Beijing and Tianjin) in Hebei Province, dissertates the naissance process and its development direction of the modern zoology; and puts forward the geographical division project of mammal and amphibious reptile in Hebei Province.


OBJECTIVES
This study was undertaken to document the clinical indications and outcome of proximally based medial Hemi-soleus muscle flap for coverage of moderate-sized complex pretibial defects of the middle third of the leg.
METHODOLOGY
This descriptive case series was conducted at the Department of Plastic Surgery, National Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine (NIRM), Islamabad and Burn & Trauma Center, Hayatabad, Peshawar, over five years. (i.e., from November 01, 2016, to December 31, 2021). It included all adult patients of either gender whose complex pretibial wounds of the middle third leg were managed with proximally based medial Hemi-soleus muscle flaps.
RESULTS
The mean age was 31.40±9.83 years, ranging between 19-47 years. All the patients had complex post-traumatic defects secondary to road traffic accidents. There were 9(33.3%) patients with minor defects (i.e., measuring ≤2×2 cm2), whereas 18(66.6%) patients had medium-sized defects (i.e., ≥2×2 cm2 and ≤7×5 cm2). Their hospital stay ranged between 9-15 days with a mean stay of 11.92±3.1 days. All the flaps (100%) survived. Partial skin graft loss was encountered among three patients (n=3;11.1%).
CONCLUSION
The study provides a good evidence base regarding the usefulness of the flap in managing complex defects of the leg. It is recommended to carry out similar studies internationally. These should help improve our findings and come up with further refinements.


Objective To assess trends in incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality following incident CVD events in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) onset in 1980–2009 vs non-RA subjects. Methods We studied Olmsted County, Minnesota residents with incident RA (aged > 18 yrs, 1987 American College of Rheumatology criteria met in 1980–2009) and non-RA subjects from the same source population with similar age, sex, and calendar year of index. All subjects were followed until death, migration, or December 31, 2016. Incident CVD events included myocardial infarction and stroke. Patients with CVD before RA incidence/index date were excluded. Cox models were used to compare incident CVD events by decade, adjusting for age, sex, and CVD risk factors. Results The study included 905 patients with RA and 904 non-RA subjects. Cumulative incidence of any CVD event was lower in patients with incident RA in the 2000s vs the 1980s. The HR for any incident CVD in the 2000s vs 1980s was 0.53 (95% CI 0.31–0.93). The strength of association attenuated after adjustment for anti-rheumatic medication use (HR 0.64, 95% CI 0.34–1.22). Patients with RA in the 2000s had no excess in CVD over non-RA subjects (HR 0.71, 95% CI 0.42–1.19). Risk of death after a CVD event was somewhat lower in patients with RA after the 1980s with an HR of 0.54 (95% CI 0.33–0.90) in the 1990s vs 1980s and 0.68 (95% CI 0.33–1.41) in the 2000s vs 1980s. Conclusion The incidence of major CVD events in RA has declined in recent decades. The gap in CVD occurrence between patients with RA and the general population is closing. Mortality after CVD events in RA may be improving.


ABSTRACT This paper explores the role of social capital in creating social innovation ecosystems and fostering social impact. We examine two cases, chosen for their pioneering experiences in the field of tackling poverty in Latin America: Socialab and Compartamos con Colombia. Focusing on their structure of interactions (through network-level and node-level indicators), we examine the structural characteristics of the two ecosystems studied. We then correlate relational data to study the association between perceived social impact and the structural aspects. Results confirm heterophilic ecosystems and high levels of perceived impact as good drivers for strengthening future collaborations.


The utility model provides a portable rapid sterilizer and relates to sterilization apparatus in medical apparatus. The portable rapid sterilizer is provided with a shell, wherein a water storage tank, a water feeding pump, a vapor generator and a sterilization box are arranged in the shell; a water filling nozzle communicated with the water storage tank is formed in the shell, a water inlet of the water feeding pump is connected with the bottom of the water storage tank, a water outlet of the water feeding pump is connected with a water inlet of the electric heating vapor generator, a vapor outlet of the electric heating vapor generator is connected with a vapor inlet of the sterilization box through a vapor guide pipe, an exhaust port is formed in the sterilization box and is communicated with the exterior of the shell through an exhaust pipe, an electromagnetic valve is arranged on the exhaust pipe, and a control panel is arranged on the shell and is electrically connected with the water feeding pump, the electromagnetic valve and the electric heating vapor generator. When the portable rapid sterilizer is used, vapor of the electric heating vapor generator enters the sterilization box, and the temperature inside the sterilization box rises to sterilize and disinfect goods in the sterilization box. The portable rapid sterilizer has the characteristics of simple structure, high integration level, convenience to carry and transfer, short sterilization short and suitability for emergent sterilization.


Paper concerns the question of infections by hepatitis B virus among health care workers. Authors have reported the improvement of epidemiological situation among employees of the Child Health Center in the years 1987-1994 and analysed factors which were the probably cause of improvement (protective vaccination, infection control, and education of workers). In the first year of observation, among ca. 1700 health care workers 32 new hepatitis B infections were noted, while in 1994 there were no hepatitis B cases.


Hutchison et al. (1957) have reported such a case, as far as the present author is aware the only one so far known, The patient was a 4-year-old hypothyroid girl who did not react to the usual treatment with dessicated thyroid. On the other hand a completely satisfactory result was obtained with triiodothyronine. Hutchison et al. mention the possibility that the thyroxine in the tissues of this child is not deiodinated to triiodothyronine by a special enzyme, as otherwise presumably takes place.


The theory of "three representatives" was put forward on the basis of real ground, theoretical task, and practical requirements. It is such an important theory that the future of Chinese communist party and China as a state is closely related with the theory. It is thus necessary to completely understand the essentials of this theory, and strengthen our consciousness of responsibility and crisis. This theory should be grasped through a deep study in theory and a serious promotion in practice other than in any vulgarized forms.


Focal point For the most part, words in sentences in AAE are arranged in the same order as words in sentences in other varieties of English, but in AAE different combinations are allowed. For example, in AAE, the word order subject-auxiliary-main verb-object occurs in AAE I didn't see nothing just as in general American English I didn't see anything . The difference is that in AAE both the auxiliary and object can be negative. Also, AAE uses the same words that occur in other varieties of English, but these words can take on different meanings and functions. One case in point is that it can be used to indicate that something exists: It be just the right amount of decoration on those birthday cakes . When I rose this morning, I didn't have no doubt. [line from a song sung in African American church services] Introduction This chapter presents a description of patterns in the syntactic and morphological components of AAE. As in chapter 2, I will be concerned with the way words are combined to form sentences, and I will also consider morphology, that part of the system that deals with the function of smaller units of words such as suffixes. Oftentimes negative opinions are formed about AAE and the people who speak it based on the type of data that will be discussed in this chapter.


The ether-bonded porphyrin-chlorin dimer, that has been synthesized recently in MIFCT as an advantageous second generation photosensitizer, was investigated by steady and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. Chromatography shows that dimer exists as two isomers. Absorption spectra of both isomers are similar and correspond to the overlapping spectra of the initial substances. The fluorescence spectra of isomers differ significantly. While the single fluorescence band of chlorin at 650 nm is typical for the first isomer, the second isomer is characterized by the fluorescence spectrum consisting of three bands at 620, 650, and 685 nm. These data show that there is the energy transfer from porphyrin to chlorin entity. The efficiency of the energy transfer depends on stereometric configuration of dimeric molecules. The results of fluorescence anisotropy measurements confirm the difference in the shape of isomers. The intensive delayed luminescence is an evidence of the existence of long-lived triplet state probably resulting in the high efficiency of singlet oxygen generation.


Introduction Application of plastics offer a multitude of benefits and are considered the most important indirect horticulture input which results in moisture conservation, water saving, reduction in fertilizer consumption, help in precise application of water and nutrients, weed management, off season farming through controlled environment, plant protection through use of nets and use of innovative packaging solutions help increasing shelf life and during collection, storage and transportation of fruits and vegetables. Following are some important role of plastics in horticulture.


Cocaine dependent outpatients (N = 252) were randomly assigned to one of three individual treatments (cognitive, dynamic therapy, or drug counseling) as part of the training phase of the National Institute of Drug Abuse Cocaine Collaborative Treatment Study. Patients and therapists completed the Helping Alliance (HAq-II) and the California Alliance Scale (CALPAS), which documented generally high alliance. Although patient reports of the alliance did not predict outcome on drug related measures at the sixth month assessment, it did at the one month assessment. Alliance, however, predicted improvement in depressive symptoms at six months. Overall, therapist ratings of the alliance were less often predictive of outcome than patient ratings. Results were similar across the completer and the intent-to-treat samples. The CALPAS, but not the HAq-II, predicted attrition. There was preliminary evidence that higher alliance predicted more change in depressive symptoms in patients who remained for a longer time in t...


The present invention provides a display of the vehicle position in the electronic map of personal mobile communication terminal, comprising the following steps: Step s1: Get your own car positioning data by positioning means that the controller controls the transmitter to transmit a signal to move out through the communication network location data; step s2: personal mobile communication terminals receive and analyze location data to calculate the position coordinates of the corresponding electronic map; step s3: electronic map displayed on a personal mobile communication terminal display, the electronic map highlighted Cars the position is located. The present invention also provides a method for the above car remote control devices and systems. The technical solution of the present invention, the remote control car to achieve timely location information, the economy is good, convenient.


The Galactic Center (Sgr A*) is a peculiar place in our Galaxy (Milky Way). Our Solar system is located at a distance around 8 kpc from the Galactic Center (GC). There were a number of different including exotic ones such as boson stars, fermion balls, neutrino balls, a cluster of neutron stars. Some of these models are significantly constrained with consequent observations and now supermassive black hole with mass around 4 × 106 M⊙ is the preferable model for GC. Moreover, one can test alternative theories of gravity with observations of bright stars near the Galactic Center and and observations of bright structures near the black hole at the Galactic Center to reconstruct shadow structure around the black hole with current and future observational VLBI facilities such as the Event Horizon Telescope. In particular, we got a graviton mass constraint which is comparable and consistent with constraints obtained recently by the LIGO-Virgo collaboration.


The aim of this note is to study the Jacobi semigroup (P t )t≥0, α, β > −1, generated by the operator Lα,βf(x) := (1−x2)f ′′+[(β−α)−(α+β+2)x]f ′ acting on the Hilbert space L2 (]− 1, 1[, μα,β) with respect to the normalized Jacobi probability measure μα,β(dx) = Cα,β(1 − x)α(1 + x)βdx. By means of a method involving essentially a commutation property between the semigroup and the derivation, we establish a family of inequalities with the Poincaré inequality as a particular case. Mathematics Subject Classification (2000). Primary 42A76, 47D07, 31A35 ; Secondary 60J25, 60E15, 60J45.


Study was conducted on the effect of film mulching techniques of flue cured tobacco on the yield and quality of flue cured tobacco by using orthogonal experimental design in Yongzhou area.The result showed that tobacco yield,value and average price had all been improved with the earlier transplant stage by under film at six leave stage;the optimal transplant time was about March 5 in Yongzhou area.Tobacco yield,value and average price raised as the amount of Nitrogen applied increased when the pure N ranged from 90 to 150 kg·hm -2 ;tobacco yield,value and average price tended to increase when the film is uncovered earlier;while if there was too much rainfall at tobacco maturity stage both tobacco yield and average price were significantly improved when covered or uncovered later.


Studies were carried out on the actions of semisynthetic cardiac glycosides compounded from digitoxigenin and one molecule of glucose. In one (AY-22, 248) the position of attachment of the lactone ring to the steroid nucleus is similar to that of the naturally occurring glycosides, i.e. , through the C-3 atom of the lactone. In the other (AY-22, 241), the point of attachment is the C-2 atom of the lactone. Their actions have been compared with those of dihydro-ouabain (DHO) and ouabain in the failing heart of the dog heart-lung preparation and in the intact anesthetized dog. Among the four glycosides, we found important differences in potency and reversibility. When administered by continuous infusion in the dog heart-lung preparation. AY-22, 241, DHO and AY-22, 248, produced positive inotropic effects when the cumulative doses were smaller percentages of the lethal doses than was the case with ouabain. The fraction of the lethal dose with inotropic effect was smallest with AY-22, 241 and increased, in ascending order, with DHO, AY-22, 248 and ouabain. With respect to the reversibility of a toxic effect (ventricular tachycardia) in the anesthetized dog, upon discontinuance of the drug, the effect of AY-22, 241 is most rapidly dissipated, followed by DHO, AY-22, 245 and ouabain in that order. These results suggest that the new semisynthetic cardiac glycoside with the unique lactone linkage retains the qualitative effects of the classical cardiac glycosides but differs in its dynamics of action: i.e. , there is lower potency, more rapid onset of action, quick reversibility of toxic effects and a greater margin between therapeutic and toxic doses.


In this paper, the water quality of the Moraca River and its main
 tributaries (the Zeta and the Cijevna) were analyzed, using the Water
 Quality Index (WQI) methods. Data from 12 hydrological stations (HS) from
 2010 to 2018 were used. The analysis included ten parameters of physic,
 chemical and microbiological water quality: oxygen saturation, BOD5,
 ammonium ion, pH value, total nitrogen oxides, orthophosphates, suspended
 solids, temperature, electrical conductivity and coliform bacteria.
 Calculations for all 12 HS were made using the Serbian Water Quality Index
 (SWQI). The results of the research showed that the general situation is not
 discouraging, because the SWQI values ranged from 73-97, which according to
 the categorization of water quality corresponds to the classes good, very
 good and excellent. The only exceptions were the two measuring stations in
 the lower course of the Moraca River (City Collector and Grbaci). During the
 entire observed period, the water quality was the worst on the profile of
 the City Collector (SWQI between 39 and 71) on Moraca River. Also,
 downstream on Moraca River, on HS Grbavci for 2015, the average annual value
 of SWQI was 70, which according to the gradation corresponds to the class of
 poor quality. The biggest sources of pollution were municipal wastewaters,
 followed by agricultural activities and illegal garbage disposal both along
 the stream and in the river itself. It follows that the lower part of the
 Moraca River was the most polluted in the observed basin. This is a serious
 problem, especially since it is a part of the Moraca River that flows
 through the most populated and most agriculturally active parts of
 Montenegro (Podgorica, Zeta Plain, Ljeskopolje). Therefore, it is necessary
 to take adequate measures as soon as possible, which primarily relate to the
 introduction of wastewater treatment technology and to educate population
 about the importance of river water conservation.


【Purpose: Cold hypersensitivity is regarded to be associated with blood circulation. This study is aims to evaluate the effects and safety of oxygen chamber therapy on cold hypersensitivity by comparing the temperature and Visual Analogue Scale. Methods: 42 outpatients who visited ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ University Oriental Hospital from July 11th, 2013 to August 28th, 2013 were analyzed. Patients were subjected to thermometer, and those with thermal difference greater than $0.3^{\circ}C$ between upper arm and palm and also with more than VAS 4 of cold hypersensitivity were diagnosed with cold hypersensitivity. 42 outpatients diagnosed with cold hypersensitivity are divided into two groups, one is the experimental group consisted of 21 patients and other was control group consisted of 21 patients. The experimental group had oxygen chamber therapy 10 times for 4 weeks. Thereafter the effects of oxygen chamber therapy on cold hypersensitivity was analyzed with t-text using SPSS for Windows version 21. Results: After the oxygen chamber therapy, experimental group had considerable improvement on cold hypersensitivity, in consequence of decreasing rate of thermal difference and VAS of cold hypersensitivity. Ear deafness and hand numbness were reported as an adverse effects in experimental group, but there was no serious adverse effects. Conclusions: This clinical trial showed oxygen chamber therapy could be effective and safe to reduce cold hypersensitivity.】


Aims Mycorrhizas play key roles in important ecosystem processes and functions. Carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations and their ratios are very important foliar traits and their cycling constrains most ecosystem processes. Thus, this study addresses the influence of mycorrhizal strategies on these foliar nutrients and their response to climate change. Methods A new database was established including mycorrhizal types and leaf Cmass, Nmass, Pmass, C: N and N: P of each plant species based on He et al. [(2008) Leaf nitrogen: Phosphorus stoichiometry across Chinese grassland biomes. Oecologia 155:301–10]. The predominant type of mycorrhizal association of each plant species was classified according to the published literature and our own obser vations. We analyzed leaf C mass, Nmass, Pmass, C: N and N: P among 112 plant species in 316 samples of ascertained mycorrhizal type in the major grassland biomes of China.


This note provides guidance to World Bank Group staff on assessing the suitability of available options for public-private roles in the provision and financing of water supply and sanitation, and the main considerations in choosing among these options. It cautions against one-size-fits-all prescriptions, recognizing the variations in circumstances among developing countries. The note links the various public-private options with appropriate World Bank Group instruments, including project-specific, sector-wide, and broader interventions. The note is organized into three sections: (1) a context and background section, summarizing the sector and institutional considerations that require a coherent Bank Group response; (2) a sector reform strategies section focusing on financial sustainability, public and private roles, establishing regulatory frameworks, access by the poor, environmental sustainability, and domestic financial markets; and (3) a section on strategies for Bank Group interventions, complemented by a matrix at the end of the note.


Part I. Readings: The Grammar of the Divine and the Human: 1. Simone Weil's concept of decreation 2. The necessary non-existence of God 3. God and concept-formation in Simone Weil 4. The concept of reading and the book of nature 5. Discernment and the imagination 6. On the right use of contradiction according to Simone Weil Part II. Readings Toward a Divine Humanity: 7. Rootedness: culture and value 8. Simone Weil and the civilization of work 9. Reading Simone Weil on rights, justice and love 10. The spirit of Simone Weil's law 11. Simone Weil on beauty 12. Simone Weil and Antigone: innocence and affliction 13. Simone Weil: Harbinger of a New Renaissance?


Using a Proof of Concept (PoC) of Myzel, we tested a new concept for an online community game. In contrast to existing simulation games Myzel allows the players to negotiate and change the rules of their virtual world. Apart from minor technical restrictions they have to create rules for legislation, resources, economy political organizations and other areas. This should help players to understand the complex inner workings of modern societies. Myzel's PoC was developed with the help of a small test community using extreme programming techniques. The PoC was tested in a controlled environment as well as in a free scenario. The results proved the validity of the game concept in most aspects. With small adaptations and a state-of-the-art user interface, Myzel should develop a great selforganized virtual society.


The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of ethical climate and work experiences on public accountants' ethical perception of tax evasion. This study is based on a survey of 84 public accountants in East Java, Indonesia. The direct and moderation effect test was used to examine the effect of ethical climate and work experiences on ethical perceptions of tax evasion. C onsistent with the expectations, ethical climate positively affects ethical perceptions of tax evasion. In other words, public accountant perceptions of the extent to which the organization (public accounting firm) supports public interest and social responsibility clearly encourage them to judge tax evasion as more unethical . Besides, work experience positively affects ethical perceptions of tax evasion. This means that experienced auditor are more opposed to tax evasion than are less experienced. This study has documented the moderating influence of work experiences on the association between ethical climate and ethical perceptions of tax evasion.


The protein allergy caused by latex products has become an acute problem to human and animals; sweat removes proteins, which then comes in contact with the skin causing the sensitization or allergic reactions. Eggshells from chickens, ducks, and birds are potential starting materials to be used in reducing the water extractable proteins in concentrated natural rubber latex (NRL). The pyrolysis of eggshells at 900°C for 2 h transforms the crystal structure of calcium carbonate into calcium oxide with a high purity, creates a small and uniform particle size, a suitable specific surface area, and an average pore diameter that is suitable for reacting with hydrochloric acid to obtain calcium chloride (CaCl2). The additions of CaCl2 solution and sodium dodecyl sulphate into concentrated NRL are shown and reported here to extract effectively the proteins from the NRL film.


In this paper, the study treats the energy production from renewable sources, especially from solar PV and wind turbine. The experimental results, obtained from each source alone and from a hybrid system installed in Lebanon, are analyzed and compared. Economical study of these separated systems and for the hybrid system are given. The profitability of the different sources, separately or jointly in one hybrid system, is analyzed for a period equal to their life time.


We consider the design of regenerating codes for distributed storage systems at the minimum bandwidth regeneration (MBR) point. Our codes consist of an outer MDS code followed by an inner fractional repetition (FR) code (introduced in prior work). In these systems a failed node can be repaired by simply downloading packets from surviving nodes. We present constructions that use the Kronecker product to construct new fractional repetition codes from existing codes. We demonstrate that an infinite family of codes can be generated by considering the Kronecker product of two Steiner systems that have the same storage capacity. The resultant code inherits its normalized repair bandwidth from the storage capacity of the original Steiner systems and has the maximum level of failure resilience possible. We also present some properties of the Kronecker product of resolvable designs and the corresponding file sizes.


The purpose of this essay is to analyze how treaties and manuals of confession, which circulated in Portugal between the fourteenth- and early sixteenth centuries,, taught the clergymen of the kingdom, especially the confessors, how to proclaim the word of God. Starting from the role conferred to these books in fixing and enforcing rules concerning the use of the sacraments of the Church, this work tries to probe how penance confession started to be used at that time not only as an inquiring tool, but also as one of the main instruments for catechesis. More precisely, with emphasis, about such moral guidance, the text aims to highlight the role that soul shepherds needed to play in their parishes in order to be able to pass to the lay faithful warnings and pieces of advice prepared by bishops, and other cultivated clergymen in that period.


Low Voltage DC (LVDC) distribution system has paid attention because people are trying to improve energy efficiency and reduce loss of energy. In addition, many researches related to DC system are conducted to replace the AC-based power supply due to the increase of digital load and distributed generation. However, research on standard and protection scheme is still incomplete to achieve the stable and reliable operation of LVDC distribution system. Thus this paper studies protection algorithms in the LVDC distribution system. First, this paper analyzes proper protection algorithms in LVDC distribution system by comparing with those in AC distribution system. And then, it performs the modelling of a simple LVDC distribution system and the simulation by using EMTP(ElectroMagnetic Transients Program).


Palladium-catalyzed inter- and intramolecular hydroaminations of styrenes that are coupled to alcohol oxidation under oxidative condition are reported. The fluorination reagent NFSI is used as the nitrogen source as well as the oxidant. Bidental nitrogen ligand bathocuproine plays a crucial role in this transformation. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.


Microfacet theory concisely models light transport over rough surfaces. Specular reflection is the result of single mirror reflections on each facet, while exact computation of multiple scattering is either neglected, or modeled using costly importance sampling techniques. Practical but accurate simulation of multiple scattering in microfacet theory thus remains an open challenge. In this work, we revisit the traditional V-groove cavity model and derive an analytical, cost-effective solution for multiple scattering in rough surfaces. Our kaleidoscopic model is made up of both real and virtual V-grooves, and allows us to calculate higher-order scattering in the microfacets in an analytical fashion. We then extend our model to include nonsymmetric grooves, allowing for additional degrees of freedom on the surface geometry, improving multiple reflections at grazing angles with backward compatibility to traditional normal distribution functions. We validate the accuracy of our model against ground-truth Monte Carlo simulations, and demonstrate its flexibility on anisotropic and textured materials. Our model is analytical, does not introduce significant cost and variance, can be seamless integrated in any rendering engine, preserves reciprocity and energy conservation, and is suitable for bidirectional methods.


The study's direction in to examine and analyzing the impact of profitability (ROA), cash flow, leverage and net working capital towards cash holding on companies in manufacturing industries and listed on Indonesian Stock Exchange 2017-2019 periods. The population of this study is using companies on manufacturing industries and listed on Indonesian Stock Exchange for 2017-2019 period. Based on the specifiedd sample criteria, there were 75 samples of manufacturing companis which were taken by using purposice sampling technique. This research is included in quantitive research with sources of secondary data from company's yearly annual reports of manufacuring industry through www.idx.co.id as official website from Indonesian Stock Exchange. Multiple linear regression analysis is used throgh IBM SPSS Statistics software and using 26 version. The findings of the study showed the profitability and leverage has a significant positif effect on cash holding. Meanwhile, cash flow and net working capital have a significant negative effect of cash holding.


Indigenous peoples in Indonesia are very plural, so they have a variety of kinship or kinship forms, which cause diversity in patterns in the inheritance system. In general, the people in Nanggulan Village, Cawas District, Klaten Regency, recognize parental forms of kinship. Namely the balance of position between husband and wife or interesting from the line of father and mother, then there is a similarity in status inherited between boys and girls. However, in Nanggulan Village there were families who when dividing inheritance, only boys received inheritance from their parents, while their daughters did not get a share. This happens because of a factor, that girls who have married and have their own homes with their husbands and children, they are considered capable and do not need their parents' property in the form of houses. Whereas boys who have married, are more prepared to obtain inheritance in the form of a place to live, because they are considered to have more responsibility than their sisters. Then there is the prevalence of a boy who has a status as a husband and must be responsible for providing a place to live or a house for his wife and child.


The poster illustrates the results from the project "Precipitation of Calcium Phosphate and pH-effects in Denitrifying Biofilms. It explains why the pH inside fixed biofilms may be significantly higher or lower than in the bulk liquid and some effects of this. The high pH which may be created as a result of denitrification reactions can initiate calcium phosphate precipitation. The verification of both the pH-effect and the phosphate precipitation is shown through photos by an interference contrast microscope, electron microscope, though chemical analysis data and simultaneous pH-measurements in both the bulk liquid and the rear of the biofilm. The equipment used is shown through photographs and schematic drawings. Finally the perspectives of the research is delineated.


Yamuna Kachru's work on politeness (2003a, 2008b) and the various forms it takes in different cultures is foundational and should be studied by everyone researching any aspect of cross-cultural communication. Her personal and professional life demonstrated her profound understanding of the phenomena of politeness. She was, for me, politeness personified but that in no way prevented her from correcting errors in her students' work or challenging her colleagues when she disagreed with them. Using the title of this paper as something she would not have readily accepted, I review her understanding of speech act theory (1991a, 1991b,1992b, 1994a, 1995d, 1998b) and principles of politeness.


In recent decades we have emphasized the understanding of calculation in mathematics teaching. Many studies have found that better understanding helps to apply skills in new conditions and that the ability to think on an abstract level increases the transfer to new contexts. In my research I take into consideration competence as a matrix where content is in a horizontal line and levels of thinking are in a vertical line. The know-how is intellectual and strategic flexibility and understanding. The resources and limitations of memory have their effects on learning in different ways in different phases. Therefore both flexible conceptual thinking and automatization must be considered in learning. The research questions that I examine are what kind of changes have occurred in mathematical skills in comprehensive school over the last 20 years and what kind of conceptual thinking is demonstrated by students in this decade. The study consists of two parts. The first part is a statistical analysis of the mathematical skills and their changes over the last 20 years in comprehensive school. In the test the pupils did not use calculators. The second part is a qualitative analysis of the conceptual thinking of pupils in comprehensive school in this decade. The study shows significant differences in algebra and in some parts of arithmetic. The largest differences were detected in the calculation skills of fractions. In the 1980s two out of three pupils were able to complete tasks with fractions, but in the 2000s only one out of three pupils were able to do the same tasks. Also remarkable is that out of the students who could complete the tasks with fractions, only one out of three pupils was on the conceptual level in his/her thinking. This means that about 10% of pupils are able to understand the algebraic expression, which has the same isomorphic structure as the arithmetical expression. This finding is important because the ability to think innovatively is created when learning the basic concepts.


A comparison between the hydrogen storage performances of untreated and heat-treated Li3N was carried out using a volumetric method, temperature-programmed hydrogenation (TPH), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was found that, during the first hydrogenation, the untreated Li3N could absorb fast (3 min), 5.5 wt % of hydrogen at 230 °C, and that 3200 min was needed to absorb an additional 2.5 wt % of H2. In contrast, the Li3N preheated at 400 °C in a vacuum for 4.5 h absorbed only 3 wt % in 3 min at 230 °C but required only 300 min to absorb an additional 6.5 wt % of H2. Furthermore, during rehydrogenation after desorption, the pretreated Li3N could quickly absorb (3 min) 5.2 wt % of hydrogen, and this performance did not change with increasing hydrogenation−dehydrogenation cycle number. TPH and SEM investigations indicated that the higher performance of the preheated Li3N was due to its relatively large particle sizes.


In this paper, we proposed a novel network coding method called local-directed network coding to improve the throughput of the vehicular ad-hoc network. Different from other vehicular network coding methods, we consider the direction of packet transmission. In detail, the intermediate node selects one main packet and some sub-packets from forwards and backwards sending queues, and then encodes these packets into one packet to broadcast. Simulation results show that our approach can efficiently improve the throughput of application layer in vehicular networks.


The Smart Grid, with its explosion of distributed intellect, field mechanization, remote sensors and its deluge of new endpoint data, is driving the efficient combination of new distribution management capabilities into existing Energy Management Centres. Business benefits include greater efficiencies, more productive operations, improved service reliability, better asset management and more insightful system planning. This paper discusses the value of taking a holistic, yet realistic view, of managing intelligent endpoints, communication networks and smart grid operations. Computerized wireless power grid control system deals with the control of a whole power grid, i.e. the whole power scheme of a city, by one central computer server. We can control the power supply to whichever area of the city on or off with the tick of a button. Also, we can switch power to any area from a new source.


Purpose – This paper aims to propose a literature review of the main physical phenomena considered by previous studies focusing on the modelling and the numerical simulation of frictional behaviour of piston rings, in the first section. In the second section, the more recent technical papers and patents about piston ring pack are briefly discussed. They deal with novel materials, innovative manufacturing methods and modified shape for improving frictional, stability and blow-by behaviours. Design/methodology/approach – This review paper aims at covering last period technical efforts about engine piston ring pack friction reduction through novel materials and manufacturing methods as well as new surface profiles according to the last outcomes of multiphysics numerical simulation. Findings – The paper type is "literature review". The findings of the authors of papers and patents are described. Originality/value – This review paper proposes a survey of recent papers and patents on piston rings topic.


What does the royal symbolism become after 587? The texts from the ExilicAge and Postexilic Age show the concurrence of two logics. On the one hand, the anti-Babylonian elites deported by Yoyakin hoped a restoration of the classical monarchy; when the first Zionists came back, this hope fell on Zorobabel. Very quickly, however, it turns into a diarchy: Priest Joshua stands by Zorobabel's side, who receives the anointing and the crown; this is the beginning of the transfer of the royal legitimacy on the priesthood. In front of the former deportees we meet the group of the Jewish that stayed in the country, whose point of view is expressed in the Deuter-onomistic literature. Dtr imputes the fall of the royal regime to the evil behaviour of the kings, while looks forward to a restoration under the ideal rule of the Judges. As a reaction against the exacerbated royalism of the Zionist party, Dtr even writes that YHWH never wanted the monarchy, a merely human predatory institution. Zorobabel's disappearance set a decisive turning point on the use of royal symbolism. The Zionists have got their headquarters in Jerusalem, but they must give up their dream of a restoration of the davidic monarchy. This fact leads to a compromise. They go on talking about mas a h, or using cognate expressions, in two ways. On the one hand, the transfer of the royal insignia to the priesthood is confirmed. On the other hand, the community that gather in the Temple understand themselves as 'City of David", heir of the promises that were given on them through the prophet Nathan. The king is not a person any longer, but the royal people.


In order to improve the voltage gain of the traditional Boost converter,reduce the voltage stress of the switches and the losses of the converter,an inductive integrated Boost converter with switched-capacitors is presented.Firstly,switched-inductors and switched-capacitors are used to replace the storage inductor and the filter capacitor in traditional Boost converter,and the switched inductors are coupled and integrated.Secondly,the working mode and voltage gain expression of the proposed converter are analyzed and effect of the equivalent series resistance of the inductor is studied on the converter voltage gain.Thirdly,the voltage stress of the switches and the inductor current ripple size are analyzed.Compared to the traditional Boost converter,the proposed converter can provide a high step-up voltage gain with low voltage stress on power switches,which helps to reduce the inductor current ripple to half of the original size.Finally,a prototype is established in the lab,and all the experimental results verify the correctness of the analysis.All of these show that the inductor integrated Boost converter with switched-capacitors has excellent comprehensive performance.


Adapting with changing business environment, firms need to implement corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices for surviving in the industry. With regard to the various stakeholders, CSR practices in this study include sustainable practices in which related to the employees, suppliers, customers and community.The purpose of this study is to identify the level of CSR implementation and business performance achieved
as well as determines the impact of CSR practices on business performance among small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Malaysian manufacturing sector.The study has been conducted by using quantitative method via questionnaire survey. By using Statistical Package for Social Science version 22 (SPSS 22), the 119 responses which
were collected from the Malaysian SMEs were analyzed.This study is important in providing information to the government and industrial practitioners in strategic level regarding the status of CSR implementation and the way to enhance business performance among SMEs. Then, it is also expected to contribute more useful information to other researchers in provide details about CSR impact towards business
performance.


Behind many production function estimators lies a crucial assumption that the firm's choice of intermediate inputs depends only on observed choices of other inputs and on unobserved productivity. I show that this assumption fails when firms are constrained or face other market distortions. I derive a test for the assumption, which is rejected in several industries. I show that when firms are constrained a simple autoregressive estimator becomes viable and is complementary to choice-based methods, in that it requires choices to be distorted. I propose criteria for choosing between estimators, which in simulations yields lower error than either estimator alone. (JEL Codes: C52, D24) ∗University of California, Santa Cruz; email at firstname.lastname@example.com. Phone: (831) 359-3389. Postal Address: Rm. E2455, University of California, M/S Economics Department, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz CA, 95064. I am grateful to Salvador Navarro for providing code, data, and encouragement. I also thank Dan Ackerberg for helpful comments and suggestions. I thank Liam Rose for excellent research assistance. This paper benefited greatly from the suggestions of Natalia Lazzati, Alan Spearot, and seminar participants at U.C. Santa Cruz, Stanford, SIDE, Michigan State, NYU, Yale, Brown, BU, Columbia, NEUDC (Tufts), and Dartmouth.


We are facing a huge revolution called the Internet of Things/Internet of Everything (IoT/IoE), which will enable pervasive computing scenarios. The IoT/IoE is expanding throughout the world at an incredible speed. Although this rapid development has created new opportunit ies, it has also broadened the range of people's expectations. However, the IoT/IoE is still in its infancy, and, therefore, its future structure and ingredients must be further studied and outlined.


The study of the adaptive mechanisms of plants in response to the action of oil makes it possible to identify signs that ensure the resistance of plants in conditions of oil pollution, with the aim of using them in the development of methods of reclamation and selection of plants resistant to oil pollution for it. The available data on the effects of petroleum hydrocarbons on plants are highly controversial. The species diversity of plants capable of growing on oil-contaminated soils has not been sufficiently studied. Phytoremediation is the most suitable soil purification tool for agricultural areas due to the large extent of the land and the relative cheapness of the method. Physiological, biochemical and morphometric parameters are important indicators of plant resistance to hydrocarbon pollutants. Of great scientific and practical interest is the identification of the resistance of higher plants to exogenous petroleum hydrocarbons (HC) and the identification of the effect of phytoremediation and the effect of the introduction of biological products in case of hydrocarbon pollution of the soil. The aim of the work was to assess changes in the biochemical and morphometric parameters of Medicago sativa L. plants under conditions of soil pollution with oil and reclamation using the biological product "Elena". Determination of the protein content in leaves makes it possible to judge the status of nitrogen metabolism in plants. It was revealed that oil pollution led to a decrease in the protein content of the plant Medicago sativa L. The use of the biological product "Elena" led to the restoration of this parameter. The results showed that the positive effect of the studied biological product depends on the concentration of the pollutant.


The problem of de re modality is how, if at all, one can make sense of it. Most who have discussed this problem have assumed that modality de dicto is relatively unproblematic. It is, rather, the interpretation of sentences involving, within the scope of modal operators, singular terms or free variables which is thought to give rise to grave—and in the view of some, insuperable—difficulties. Quine has two arguments against the intelligibility of de re modality: a "logical" and a "metaphysical" one. That the "logical" argument is central to Quine's attack is surely indisputable. But my claim that it is his basic argument is, in effect, denied by Kit Fine. I can (and do) agree with Fine that there are some significant differences between the two arguments. The most important question, for my purposes, is whether he is right to claim that the two arguments have force independently of one another.


This paper describes an evaluation of the used transmission line model for high-speed interconnections. The scattering parameters for some microstrip interconnections and their associated discontinuities (straight line, 90/spl deg/ bend and double 45/spl deg/ bend) are compared both to the electrical and electromagnetic simulation and to the measurements. S-parameters permit an approach to the structure total losses and various simulations highlighting radiation, dielectric and metallic losses. The radiation analysis is also performed, thanks to the method of moments, and the obtained results are reported and discussed.


SummaryThe authors have observed a woman, 56 years old, with multiple adenomata of the parathyroid glands.The patient underwent parathyroidectomy at three times from deoember 1945 to July 1946, each of these explorations permitted to remove a parathyroid adenoma. Histological pictures of the three glands were very different : adenoma with big wasser-clear cells, tubular or alveolar formations, adenoma of the type said " endocrine adenoma " were found, sometimes in the same gland. Removal of the 3 adenomata corrected only partially the humoral picture ol the disease. Radiologically, no change was observed. It must ho pointed out that each of the surgical explorations did only show one adenomatous gland and it seems likely that the 2 adenoma removed afterwards developed after the first operation was performed.Excretion of P by the kidneys was used as a test of parathyroid activity in this case. The low phosphorus serum level was increased by intravenous administration of phosphates. Filtration rate was appr...


The template that used to be stored here in EdShare has been moved. Please see the links on the document now stored in this resource.

The template covers the final sections of a thesis - appendices, glossary, list of references and bibliography.


We've said it before and we'll keep on saying it: the industry has to adapt in order to survive, and Graphica is doing just that by moving into luxury packaging.


This paper reports the synthesis of the advanced intermediate 26 in a projected synthesis of enantiopure ent-gelsedine (5). The route starts from (S)-malic acid and features the creation of four new stereocenters with complete control of stereochemistry. The key step is a novel allene-terminated N-acyliminium ion cyclization that leads to the required 7-azabicyclo[4.2.1]nonane-4,8-dione skeleton. Additional functionalities including the C-8 ethyl and the C-9 hydroxymethyl are introduced in an efficient manner.


Tensor Train (TT) approach has been successfully applied in the modelling of the multilinear interaction of features. Nevertheless, the existing models lack flexibility and generalizability, as they only model a single type of high-order correlation. In practice, multiple multilinear correlations may exist within the features. In this paper, we present a novel Residual Tensor Train (ResTT) which integrates the merits of TT and residual structure to capture the multilinear feature correlations, from low to higher orders, within the same model. In particular, we prove that the fully-connected layer in neural networks and the Volterra series can be taken as special cases of ResTT. Furthermore, we derive the rule for weight initialization that stabilizes the training of ResTT based on a mean-field analysis. We prove that such a rule is much more relaxed than that of TT, which means ResTT can easily address the vanishing and exploding gradient problem that exists in the current TT models. Numerical experiments demonstrate that ResTT outperforms the state-of-the-art tensor network approaches, and is competitive with the benchmark deep learning models on MNIST and Fashion-MNIST datasets.


The major objective of the external evaluation is to review the methodological concept, the procedural design and the actual performance of the ECD-Project. The focus of the evaluation lies on the European process level, i.e. the two Citizens' Conventions were the focal events for the external evaluation. After these events, the team of Dialogik accumulated the interim results in form of two reports, which are attached to this volume. The following conclusions are based on the insights described in these interim reports. They convey a more holistic picture of the overall process without getting lost in each detail.
The main research question of the evaluation is how the dialogue processes were initiated and how they were sustained during the whole project. The development of communication and deliberation leading to a common statement of European citizens about brain science was one major concern of this analysis, which focused on process-related and organizational issues.
The task to evaluate the ECD-Project was an inspiring but also demanding endeavour. A lot of data was collected during the process and an enormous n umber of sources for additional information was available for further analysis. One problem to be solved was to find an adequate theoretically appropriate and practically feasible perspective for the examination of all important activities. The other problem was to find the right balance between measuring subjective impressions and evaluations based on a set of objective criteria or benchmarks. Subjective aspects such as the assessments of the participants are relevant, but a comprehensive assessment also needs additional information sources, which can be used as benchmarks for assessing successes or failures of the process. The methods used in this evaluation include both aspects.

The acronym ECD stands for "European Citizens' Deliberation", which is the description of the basic method of the Meeting of Minds-Project. Both terms were used synonymously in this report. Meeting of Minds is an initiative of the partner consortium comprising the King Baudouin Foundation, the University of Westminster, the Flemish Institute for Science and Technology Assessment, the Danish Board of Technology, the Cite des Sciences et de l'Industrie, the Stiftung Deutsches Hygiene-Museum, the Fondazione IDIS Citta della Scienza, the Rathenau Institute, the Science Museum, the University of Debrecen, the Eugenides Foundation, the University of Liege, SPIRAL. The initiative has the support of the European Commission under the 6th Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development in the European Union.


Using liquid hydrogen and liquid deuterium targets respectively, forward angle (ten degrees to sixty degrees in the center of Mass) free proton-proton and quasielastic proton-proton and proton-neutron triple scattering data at 500 MeV have been obtained using the high resolution spectrometer at the Los Alamos Meson Physics Facility. The data are in reasonable agreement with recent predictions from phase shift analyses, indicating that the proton-nucleon scattering amplitudes are fairly well determined at 500 MeV. 32 references.


Objective
To investigate the relationship of red cell distribution width (RDW) with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD).

Methods
A retrospective analysis was performed in patients who initiated MHD from January 2008 to September 2017 in the hemodialysis center of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University. Basic data on demographic, dialysis and laboratory were collected, and echocardiography indicators and clinical outcomes were recorded. Patients were divided into four groups according to the quartile of RDW level. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to compare the difference of survival rate among the groups. Cox regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors of all-cause and CVD-related mortality, and predictive value of RDW for all-cause and CVD-related death in hemodialysis patients.

Results
A total of 268 MHD patients were enrolled in this study with age of (60.9±15.8) years and dialysis duration of (58.1±9.1) months, including 159 males (59.3%). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the 1-year overall survival rates of Q1 group (RDW≤13.8%, n=61), Q2 group (RDW 13.9%-14.6%, n=66), Q3 group (RDW 14.7%-15.6%, n=73) and Q4 group (RDW≥15.7%, n=68) were 96.8%, 95.1%, 93.1% and 85.7% respectively; 3-year overall survival rates were 88.5%, 87.5%, 59.2% and 51.8% respectively; 5-year overall survival rates were 71.5%, 65.4%, 33.6% and 17.7% respectively; The difference between the groups was statistically significant (all P<0.01). The 1-year CVD survival rates were 98.4%, 96.6%, 95.8% and 92.4% respectively; 3-year CVD survival rates were 94.8%, 92.5%, 84.4% and 70.4% respectively; 5-year CVD survival rates were 86.9%, 81.3%, 65.6% and 51.3% respectively; The difference between the groups was statistically significant (all P<0.01). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that RDW≥15.7% was an independent risk factor for all-cause and CVD-related mortality in MHD patients. The risk of all-cause mortality in Q4 group was 3.098 times higher than that in Q1 group (95% CI 1.072-8.950, P=0.037) and the risk of CVD-related mortality was 2.661 times (95% CI 1.111-8.342, P=0.048). Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) showed that RDW=14.85% was the best cut-off point for predicting the all-cause mortality in HD patients (P<0.01), RDW=15.45% was the best cut-off point for predicting the cardiovascular disease mortality (P<0.01), and RDW=14.45% had a higher 5-year survival rate (P<0.01).

Conclusion
RDW can independently predict all-cause and CVD-related mortality risk in hemodialysis patients, and it has important value for prognosis.

Key words:
Erythrocytes; Renal dialysis; Prognosis; Cardiovascular diseases


Abstract The psychoanalytic community is almost uniformly left-leaning. That homogeneity fosters a sense of moral community and belongingness but limits the theoretical and clinical grasp of issues with powerful emotional valence among right-leaning patients. In addition, the lack of friction within the community can discourage inquiry into the unconscious loyalties and personal experiences that shape political sentiments, both left and right. In ordinary times (anytime besides say, now or the Civil War), that limitation would invite disinterested attention to the process by which political beliefs and actions form within the individual. In the time of Trump, however, that dispassionate remove feels like moral negligence to those on the left. The tension between analysts' clinical and partisan identities therefore, clearly tilts toward the latter.


The aim of this research investigation was to study the long term effect of creep on different wood materials under natural environmental conditions. The tests were initiated in the summer of 1992 and the results collected until the end of 1995 are reported here. The experiments on sawn timber of pine and spruce, glulam, Kerto-LVL and I-profile with hardboard web structural size members were carried out in a sheltered environment, where the changes in moisture and temperature of the surrounding followed the natural climatic conditions of Southern Finland. In addition, separate tests on eight glulam beams were carried out in a heated room environment. The experiments were carried out at low load levels (2...7 MPa). The surface of few groups of specimens were treated with alkyd and emulsion paint, some were creosoted and salt impregnated, while few samples had no treatment. The creep test data of all specimens were analysed systematically to obtain creep curves. The data showed significant variation in creep among wood materials with different treatments. Creep of glulam was same in heated and nonheated environment.


This study aims to determine (1) the effect of parental background education on student learning outcomes, (2) the influence of the level of parental education background with student learning activities. Data collection and documents using 120 questionnaires from students and with descriptive analysis and quantitative techniques. The result of this study also is (1) there is showed significant influence between positive and high parent education background of student learning result with r value 75,5%; (2) there is influence between parent attention with educational background to student learning activity with value r 78.0%.


There is increasing interest in the photon statistics and spectroscopic properties of the radiation from atoms confined in an optical cavity. Effects such as the cavity enhancement and inhibition of spontaneous emission, which were first observed using microwave cavities, have recently been measured at optical frequencies.1 Recent measurements of squeezing and the dynamic effects of single-quantum-level splittings also demonstrate the possibilities for quantum-statistical studies of coupled atom-cavity systems at optical frequencies.2 We study a single two-level atom confined inside an optical cavity which is driven by coherent light in resonance with both cavity and atom. For weak driving field intensities we have calculated the spectrum of the light transmitted by the cavity and fluorescence out the sides of the cavity.


A device for preventing rearward movement of a vehicle pedal assembly in which a sub-bracket is rotatably provided to a pedal bracket, wherein the sub-bracket is adequately held at a predetermined orientation under normal circumstance, whereas in a collision, the held state of the sub-bracket is adequately released. One end part (16a) of the sub-bracket (16) rotatably linked to the pedal bracket (14) is detachably supported by a support member (22) provided to an instrument panel reinforcement (20); therefore, the support structure resulting from the support member (22) has a high degree of freedom. In the present embodiment, the one end part (16a) is detachably linked to the support member (22) by a fastening device (46) and a slit (48). Accordingly, it is possible to hold the sub-bracket (16) between the support member (22) and the pedal bracket (14) under normal circumstances so as to make it possible to obtain adequate performance in regard to supporting an operation pedal (30), and cause the one end part (16a) to adequately detach from the support member (22) with a rearward displacement of a dash panel (12).


Knowledge education is a knowledge-based education and the mechanical narration and memory of historical fact in historical education.In other words,historical education pay attention to "what",but ignore the more important "why'and "how".With the change of educational view and the change from the traditional knowledge education to comprehensive cultural eduation,education should face all students.People-oriented education is neccessary.Regarded as the core of humanities curriculum,historical course should change traditional educational concept and get out of the examination-oriented education.


An efficient and highly selective method for the conversion of aldehydes to gem-diacetates is described using lithium tetrafluoroborate under mild reaction conditions. Due to the neutral reaction conditions, this method is compatible with acid-sensitive protecting groups such as acetonides, carbamates, THP and TB-DMS ethers present in the substrate.


The 1 km Institute of Urban Meteorology (IUM) operational model has a high‐temperature bias, especially at night, and a high wind speed bias in urbanized areas, limiting the ability of IUM to provide accurate, high‐resolution prediction of thermal stress and air quality for the densely populated Beijing‐Tianjin metro region. This study provides an assessment of the IUM WRF‐based operational model setups and performs a diagnostic analysis to isolate the contributions of model physics parameterization schemes to operational forecast bias over complex urban regions. Results show that non‐turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) planetary boundary layers (PBL) schemes perform better than their counterpart TKE‐based schemes at night, reducing the warm bias by about 1°C in nonurban areas. However, the best performing urban PBL scheme still produces ~2°C warm bias. Considering aerosol effects in the solar radiation scheme improves downward solar radiation and surface energy budgets but has negligible effect on the simulated temperature. Urban canopy models and the specification of various urban model parameters have comparable or even more significant contributions to forecast biases in temperature and wind speed than PBL schemes. The predicted PBL height using an optimized urban parameter table is lower by about 100–200 m, which is about 50–100% of the interurban scheme effect on the PBL height. Overall, the Building Effect Parameterization urban scheme with the default parameter table, or a parameter table with less urban heat storage, is recommended for the best results in urban areas and shows that most of the urban areas of Beijing and Tianjin have a greater than 4°C improvement in absolute temperature bias and more than 1 m s−1 improvement in absolute wind speed bias.


In a recent article (1977, pp. 173-192), Bowles and Gintis provide a Marxian model which attempts to incorporate the idea of heterogeneous labour. In so doing, Bowles and Gintis redefine many Marxian concepts by introducing vector-valued concepts in place of the real-valued numerical measures normally used. The purpose of this comment is to examine the meaning of Bowles and Gintis use of the word hetero geneous and the relation of this use to Bowles and Gintis' belief that their framework may be of use in analysing exploitation among and between various segments of labour and capitalists. It may be claimed, following Marx, that skill differences may be taken into account by treating them as simple multiples of basic abstract labour. It is important to recog nise, however, that such skill differences result from a process of training or education that turns simple abstract labour into skilled labour. In Marx's words (1968, p. 191)


In the first decade of the present century, a succession of changes to Philippine labour law and jurisprudence sought to contribute to productivity and social welfare by introducing greater industrial relations flexibility, based on collective bargaining and voluntary dispute settlement. The article examines whether these changes actually resulted in any shift from a rights-based system for resolving industrial disputation to a system based on workplace-level interest-based negotiation, and whether they were accompanied either by higher labour productivity or by improved social welfare. The analysis draws on a conceptual framework that identifies coherent national labour regulation systems as being based on a convergence of three institutional approaches – to the operation of labour markets, of labour relations and of social security. Broadly, such labour regulation systems can be classified as either civil law or common law based. The Philippine labour regulation system is shown to have a hybrid basis, whose origins are briefly traced by identifying the legacy of the colonial and post-colonial phases, the martial law era and the restoration of democracy in 1986. Whereas Australia, another hybrid system, appears to have achieved some coherence in changes to the regulation of industrial relations, labour markets and social welfare, in the Philippines, such changes have not converged. In the 1990s, efforts to mitigate the traditional legalistic and adversarial character of industrial relations through liberalisation of restrictions on the right to organise were cross-cut by the effects of the growing labour market flexibility that resulted from integration into the global economy. Legal changes between 1999 and 2011 have not fostered voluntary self-organisation of distributive bargaining at enterprise level. Union membership, collective bargaining coverage and numbers of workers involved in notified or actual industrial action have declined, while reliance on compulsory arbitration and monetary compensation claims has remained high. Labour productivity has not improved. Within the context of globalisation, the labour market is increasingly characterised by numerical flexibility and a prevalence of small enterprises. High unemployment levels and a large informal sector indicate divergence between the systems for regulating labour and welfare.


The recent increased traffic accompanying the rapid dissemination of broadband communications has been increasing demand for the optical submarine cable systems that form the backbones of international networks. Considering the capability of the repeaterless optical submarine cable system to significantly reduce construction costs compared to the repeatered optical submarine cable system, an increase in the span length of repeaterless submarine cable systems should be regarded as an extremely important research topic. This paper introduces NEC's long span repeaterless optical cable system technologies, describes the latest repeaterless terminal equipment and puts forward ideas for the direction of future trends.


The article contains the discussion of materials on the principles of selection of multi-purpose design solutions for the construction industry when conducting a judicial construction and technical expertise, as well as the presentation and an algorithm for solving problems of this type. Based on the interpretation of results of theoretical works and analysis of judicial practice, a method was obtained that can be used when conducting a judicial construction and technical expertise in order to solve the issues of selecting design solutions and materials. When using this method, all rearrangements of variants are checked by their preference and compared with each other. The considered method has been continually applied in solving practical issues of judicial construction and technical expertise. Actually, this type of tasks is often found in the framework of arbitration processes when solving issues on the effectiveness of the use of budgetary funds. The use of the proposed algorithm is the most optimal for the preparation of conclusions of a forensic construction expert for cases of this category.


The aims of this study are to analyze the effect of Return on Equity (ROE), Current Ratio (CR), Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), Oil Prices, and Inflation Sensitivity on Stock Prices. This study was taken because there are still differences between the research study with each other and there is a difference between the real state of research study with each other and there is a difference between the real of research data with existing theory.
This research was conducted using secondary data. Sampling technique used was purposive sampling. From twenty three companies, only thirteen are selected, because the financial statement from each company are complete since 2007-2011. The analysis method used is multiple linear regression analysis.
By using regression analysis, this study provides evidence that Return on Equity haven't significant positive effect on stock prices. Current Ratio have significant negative effect on stock prices. Debt to Equity Ratio have significant negative effect on stock prices. Oil Prices have significant positive effect on stock prices. Inflation Sensitivity have significant negative effect on stock prices. The value of adjusted R square is 26.6%. This means that 73.4% Stock Prices movement can be predicted from the movement of the five independent variables.


p16INK4a, cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor, is functionally inactivated in many tumors, including cervical cancer. We compared p16INK4A immunocytochemical staining and Hybrid Capture® 2 (HCII) on SurePath™ specimens using tissue biopsies (as the gold standard). Their utility in a spectrum of atypical and preneoplastic lesions, and their ability to accurately identify underlying lesions of CIN II or greater was assessed using biopsy follow‐up data. One‐hundred and seventeen residual SurePath™ samples were collected: 43 atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS), 47 low‐grade (LGSIL), and 27 high‐grade (HGSIL) squamous intraepithelial lesions. Two slides were prepared from each sample; one stained with the SurePath™ autocyte stain and one immunostained using the CINtec™ p16INK4a Cytology Kit (Dakocytomation). High‐risk HPV testing was performed using the HCII DNA test (Digene, Gaithersburg, MD). Available tissue biopsy follow‐up data was retrieved. p16INK4a was positive in 32.6% (14/43) ASCUS, 46.8% (22/47) LGSIL, and 48.1% (13/27) HGSIL specimens. HCII DNA test was positive in 41.9% (18/43) ASCUS, 78.7% (37/47) LGSIL, and 96.3% (26/27) HGSIL samples. The sensitivity, specificity, positive (PPV) and negative (NPV) predictive values of p16INK4a and HCII were: 58.7% and 89.8%, 58.6% and 34.6%, 69.2% and 72.1%, 47.2% and 64.3%, respectively. In patients with cervical biopsies, the PPV of HCII (92.3%) results for a biopsy with CINII/III was significantly higher than the PPV of p16INK4a (52%) (P = 0.001). Using liquid‐based cytology specimens, HCII is a more sensitive test than p16INK4a for detection of abnormal cytology. HCII has a higher PPV than p16INK4a for identifying CIN II/III. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2008;36:142–148. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Death of a Salesman,which introduced stream of consciousness writing to Western Theatre,has been considered a turning point both in playwright Arthur Miller's career and in the history of American Theatre.In 1983,Miller and Ying Ruocheng,a renowned Chinese actor,director and translator,collaborated on staging this play in Beijing.Its success led to the revival of Death of a Salesman in the U.S.and breakthrough in Chinese Theatre in the 1980s.Based on first-hand materials such as Miller's 7-week diaries and Ying's memoirs,this paper traces and elaborates two artists' respective contributions to their joint effort to make the play new and worldly.It also discusses its impact on the theatre in the U.S.and China in the 1980s and afterwards.


This paper describes the "reflexivity-action nexus" as a model and research paradigm for understanding and researching complex organizational change. Traditional research methods and synoptic accou...


tag=1 data=Mabo and other matters. by Tim Fischer

tag=2 data=Fischer, Tim

tag=3 data=Canberra Survey,

tag=4 data=47

tag=5 data=17b

tag=6 data=21 September 1994

tag=7 data=1-5.

tag=8 data=MABO

tag=10 data=An address by the Leader of the National Party, Tim Fischer, to the WA National Party Conference on 14 August 1994 at Busselton WA.

tag=11 data=1994/6/8

tag=12 data=94/0487

tag=13 data=CAB


This paper studies the link between stock price changes and analyst earnings per share (EPS) forecast revisions in the Eurozone during the 2007-2008 financial crisis. The study shows that in 2008, the importance of stock returns in explaining changes in analysts- earnings forecasts was higher and their impact was more significant than during the benchmark year 2006. These results lead us to conclude that analysts did not ignore information from stock exchanges during the market crash but instead relied on them more heavily to adjust their forecasts, contrary to what Ang and Ma (2001) observed in Asian markets in 1997. In addition, analysts did not shy away from strong downward revisions of their forecasts, above and beyond the effects of factors estimated pre-crisis. This is evidenced by an increased sensitivity of changes in analysts- forecasts to stock price variation and is consistent with a widespread perception by market participants of the transitory effect of the deterioration.


The application,determination and management of maintenance projects in universities is intended to set up the management system and mechanism of standardization and centralization,establish the related rules and regulations,strengthen the quality control in advance,in process and after the event,promote the comprehensive quality of administrative staffs,and make the limited funds effective.


Background: Self-Medication (SM) is common practice worldwide in both developed and developing countries. SM is referred as self consuming of medication without consulting a physician for either diagnosis or treatment. This study aims to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices toward SM among medical and pharmacy students. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among medical and pharmacy students in Qassim university, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia, during the period 2020-2021.Multistage random sampling technique was used to recruit students. The data were collected through questionnaire.Results: Three hundred and sixteen of 342 students were recruited. This study showed that the majority (94.6%) of students had good knowledge of self-medication. Additionally, the following characteristics were significantly associated with good knowledge: being female, and Pharmacy students. Overall mean score for the attitudes towards self-medication shows that 58.4% of the total sample had high agreements towards the questions of the attitudes toward self-medication. More than half (63.9%) of the students reported that they practice self- medication in the last 6 months. Pain killers was the most common medication used for self- medication by the majority of the students (88.29%). The majority (77.8%) of respondents reported that they feel confident about the use of self-medication. Conclusions: In conclusion, students' knowledge of self-medication appears to be good and significantly high among pharmacy students in comparison to medical students. Therefor, medical and pharmacy students should be viewed as important contributors to the public health care system, and future health professionals should be properly educated on good pharmacy practice and responsible self-medication.Trial registration: Not applicable


According to a high-rise short-leg shear wall structure with box-shaped transfer storey,in a total height of 108.35 m,the lower frame supporting structure,the box-shaped transfer storey and the top short-leg shear wall system are integrally modelled by three-dimensional finite element method.By means of the mode analysis and the seismic response spectrum analysis of three 3D FE parametric models with different elevations of the transfer storey,the influence of the elevation of box-shaped transfer storey on dynamic characteristic and seismic behaviour of this kind of structural system is investigated.It shows that whether the box-shaped transfer storey at high elevation or at low elevation of whole building,the disadvantage to seismic resistance of whole structure will emerge;the appropriate elevation of transfer storey should be decided by combining the results of mode analysis and seismic effect analysis.


• Objective: To develop an instrument that reliably measures barriers to advance directive implementation in different health care settings. • Design: Items identified based on literature review and interviews with health care professionals were compiled in an item-reduction instrument. Those identified most frequently as barriers to advance directive use and/or rated most important were included in the final Barriers to Implementing Advance Directives (BIAD) instrument. • Setting and participants: Data were collected from health care professionals (eg, nurses, physicians, social workers, health care aides) working in community agencies, hospitals, nursing homes, and homes for the aged in a large metropolitan area in Ontario, Canada. All participants had experience with implementing advance directives. • Measurements: The instrument was tested for reliability using the intraclass correlation coefficieint (ICC). • Results: The BIAD identifies 30 items as potential barriers to advance directive completion. The total score had an ICC of 0.85. Among the occupational categories of Physician, Nurse, and Other, BIAD scores were statistically significantly different between nurses and other occupational categories. • Conclusion: The BIAD reliably measures barriers to advance directive implementation in different health care settings. Documenting these barriers will allow clinicians and investigators to apply targeted strategies to circumvent barriers and increase directive use, which will give more individuals the opportunity to maintain control of their health and personal care despite incapacity.


Disclosed is an information configuration method, comprising: receiving a configuration signalling sent by a network node, and when the configuration signalling is used for indicating a terminal to send at least one hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) feedback information, each HARQ feedback information in the at least one HARQ feedback information occupying a part of time domain symbols in the same subframe;configuring the at least one HARQ feedback information on the part of time domain symbols in the same subframe occupied by each of the HARQ feedback information; and sending the configured at least one HARQ feedback information to the network node. The technical solution provided in the embodiments of the present invention can send at least one HARQ feedback information through a part of time domain symbols in the same subframe, thereby enabling a UE having a dual-link reception capability and a single-link transmission capability to respectively send the HARQ feedback information to different network nodes at the same time.


This study explored Soudi Korean college students' career compromise processes and examined whether preferences for sex type, prestige, or interests would be differentiated by Holland theme interest types, gender, or college major. Participants were South Korean undergraduate students from 2 universities in Seoul, South Korea. They were asked to choose 1 occupation from each of 168 pairs of occupations using a forced-choice format. A total of 376 surveys were analyzed. There were significant main effects for Holland interest types and for gender but not for college major on their career compromise processes. Implications for career counselors and researchers are discussed.Keywords: career compromise, Holland interest types, South Korean college students, sex type, prestigeIn South Korea, 83% of graduating high school students enroll in 4 -year colleges or universities (Korea National Statistical Office, 2008). However, many of these students are unclear regarding their postcollege career choices, and many make educational and career choices based on factors other than their own intrinsic interests (M. Hwang & Kim, 2003). For example, research has shown that South Korean men have a preference for working in traditionally male-dominated occupations, and South Korean women have a preference for working in female -dominated occupations whether or not these career choices are congruent with their individual occupational interests (M.-H. Hwang, Kim, Ryu, & Heppner, 2006).Because of South Korean culture, students make career decisions based in large part on their internalized knowledge of their parents' expectations; in South Korea, the desire to honor and respect parents when making these decisions is more pronounced than in the United States (e.g., Leong, Hardin, & Gupta, 2010). South Korean parents have a strong desire for their children to become college educated in order to enter into prestigious, high-paying careers (Lankard, 1995). South Korean college students who are preparing to enter the job market also value high wages more than they value satisfying their own intrinsic interests (Chen, 2004), and thus they may be compromising when making career choices by sacrificing their own interests for other career choice factors. However, although career compromise has been shown to be an important construct in understanding the career choices of college-age young people (e.g., Tsaousides & Jome, 2008), research on this process among South Korean college students is very limited. Moreover, there has been some evidence that the compromise process operates differendy between genders, among persons with different Holland theme interest types (based on their different values and personality structures; Holt, 1989), and among persons enrolled in different college majors; however, research in these areas is also sparse. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine career compromise among South Korean college students by investigating the effects of gender, Holland (1985) interest type (i.e., Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising, Conventional [RIASEC]), and college major on preferences for making occupational choices.According to circumscription and compromise theory (CCT; Gottfredson, 1981), one's occupation is a primary vehicle for the presentation of self in society. Occupational aspirations are a joint function of (a) compatibility with the self-concept and (b) accessibility. The greater the perceived compatibility occupations have with the core elements of the self-concept, the stronger the preference for those occupations.As young people pass through the developmental stages outlined in the theory (orientation to size and power, orientation to sex roles, orientation to social valuation, and orientation to the internal unique self), they develop a zone of acceptable occupational alternatives that is progressively circumscribed (narrowed) by perceived incompatibility with the self-concept. …


Water quality is essential to aquaculture. This paper mainly describes several common methods of water body treatment in aquaculture, focusing on their principles, effects and accompanying problems related to the ecological environment. It also discuses the prospects of water disinfection applications.