In our work, by optimizing the length of the cavity and using high-power home-made pump source, based on the commonlyused nonlinear polarization rotation (NPR) technique, we designed a stable all-fiber high-power Er-doped mode-locked laser successfully. The maximum average output power was as high as 174 mW under the pump power of 2659 mW. To our knowledge, 174 mW was a new record average output power of NPR based all-fiber mode-locked Er-doped fiber laser, which was much higher than the results reported previously. Our work will provide a significant reference for future demonstrations of high-power mode-locked Er-doped fiber lasers and promote the applications of mode-locked Er-doped oscillators.


The Northeast Brazil has been recognized as an area that will suffer greatly from the effects of variability and climate change. This will lead to a reduction of precipitation and streamflow in the region, causing greater pressure on the scarce water resources of the region, especially on the water stored in the reservoirs. Optimization of the design and operation of multipurpose reservoir systems depends on the ability of synthetic streamflow generation models to reproduce the typical intermittent characteristics of semi-arid rivers. A Gamma Autoregressive – GAR(1) model have been tested and applied, for generating annual flows, coupled with the Fragment Method to disaggregate the annual flows to monthly ones. This coupled model was applied to four typical intermittent basins of the NE-Brazil, with drainage area varying from 410 to 5.695 Km2. In order to analyze the performance of the model not only the statistical parameters (mean, variance, lag-1 serial correlation, etc.) of the historical and generated series were examined, but also a storage analysis by mean of the Sequent-Peak-Algorithm (SPA) was performed and additionally the preservation of the droughts and floods characteristics (duration, severity and magnitude) of the historical series was analyzed. This model was able to preserve the statistical parameters of the historical time series. However, when the generated synthetic flows were used to a storage analysis the model was not adequate to reproduce, particularly, the persistence (long periods of low and high flow) encountered in the historical series, which is fundamental by the reservoir design and for hydrological drought risk assessment.


Guttation is the process of exudating droplets from the tips, edges, and adaxial and abaxial surfaces of the undamaged leaves. Guttation is a natural and spontaneous biological phenomenon that occurs in a wide variety of plants. Despite its generally positive effect on plant growth, many aspects of this cryptic process are unknown. In this study, the guttation phenomenon characteristic of bamboo shoots and the anatomical feature of these and culm sheaths were systematically observed. In addition, the water transport pathway and the compounds in guttation droplets of bamboo shoots were analyzed, and the effect of bamboo sheaths' guttation on the growth of bamboo shoots was assessed. The results revealed that bamboo shoots began to exudate liquid in the evening through to the next morning, during which period the volume of guttation liquid gradually increases and then decreases before sunrise. Many vascular bundles are in bamboo shoots and culm sheaths to facilitate this water transport. The exudate liquid contains organic acids, sugars, and hormones, among other compounds. Our findings suggest that the regular guttation of the sheath blade is crucial to maintain the normal growth of bamboo shoots.


The squeezed film damping(SFD) can improve the stability of rotary mechanical system.Applying numerical simulation method,the sensitivity of the rotor system and the dynamic optimization of the SFD-sliding bearings were studied systematically.The study shows that the SFD clearance,bearing clearance,shaft stiffness and oil viscosity have great effects on the critical speeds of the first two orders,and the system is more sensitive to these parameters than the others.Based on the design variables offered by the sensitivity analysis,genetic algorithm was employed for optimization analysis of the critical speed so that the working speed can keep away from the critical speed as far as possible.After the optimization,the critical speed was greatly ameliorated.This study has supplied a theoretical basis and analysis method for improving the dynamic stability of high-speed rotor systems.


This paper describes the development of a new class of high strength Fe-3CrW(Mo) ferritic steel. The new steel has two grades A and B. The Grade A is a base Fe3Cr-W(Mo) composition that is strengthened by optimum additions of C and V. The Grade B also contains 0.10 wt % Ta for additional high-temperature creep strength. Both alloys are air hardenble and are recommended for use in the normalized and tempered condition. The best combination of strength and toughness properties is obtained when both grades are austenitized at 2012 o F and tempered at 1345 o F. Both grades were commercially melted in 50-ton heats by electric furnace melting. The round and slab ingots from the 50-ton heats were forged into billets and rolled into plates by using processing conditions similar to those used for Fe-2.25Cr-1Mo steels. This paper has presented the Charpy impact, tensile, and creep data available to date on both Grades A and B. Tensile and creep data on Grades A and B are compared with the data on the commercially used grades T22, T23, T24, and the modified Fe-9Cr-1Mo Grade 91.


Brain damage may drive mental life either outward or inward, to join or not to join the Dance. In the latter case, it may unveil an underlying level of mental function that previously was covert. With that possibility in mind for the genesis of confabulations, Turnbull, Jenkins, and Rowley present an innovative study of the emotional valence of confabulations uttered by three patients with ventromesial frontal injury. They nest their empirical presentation in a more extensive discussion of method and theory. Confabulation has been defined as "spontaneous narrative reports of events that never happened" (Schacter, Norman, & Koutstaal, 1998). This definition has to be qualified by the fact that the event may be in the present or future, as well as in the past (for a recent and comprehensive review, see Schnider, 2003). Whether the patients really believe what they are saying or are instead speaking metaphorically is hard to ascertain, and not part of the definition. However, the patients are not merely misinformed, and conscious attempts to deceive are also excluded from the construct. Confabulation is associated with organic amnesia, prefrontal deficits, or both in conjunction (DeLuca, 2000). In some cases, it reflects flawed emergence of language at the level of which concepts are specified in that domain (Brown, 1988). In others, there is flawed emergence of meaning. Confabulatory speech has been attributed to failure of the brain to monitor the emerging proposition for accuracy (Johnson, 1997). These and others models of confabulation do not take into consideration the expected valence of confabulatory utterances. Turnbull and coauthors conceive the issue from a psychoanalytic perspective, as lapsed editing of primary-process contents by secondary processes, before they are expressed in words (Solms, 2000). They therefore bring the question of emotional valence into the discussion. If confabulation is a disinhibited expression of a covert underlying mental state—specifically, primary process—one would expect it to express or symbolize the emotional valence of that state as well as its ideational content. I have previously suggested that confabulation is fostered by "an inner-directed focus on an affectively laden issue, a focus that is so intense and narrow that it excludes peripheral information, or memories that might conflict with the favored interpretation of the situation" (Kinsbourne, 2000a, p. 159). Free association on the couch should be conducive to revealing such a state of mind in someone who Commentary on "The Pleasantness of False Beliefs"


Extracellular sphingosylphosphorylcholine (SPC) and galactosylsphingosine (psychosine) induced Ca2+ mobilization in a dose-dependent manner in HL60 leukemia cells. The rapid and transient increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i elicited by SPC and psychosine at concentrations lower than 30 μM was inhibited by treatment of the cells with pertussis toxin (PTX) and U73122, a phospholipase C inhibitor, as was the case for UTP, a P2-purinergic agonist. The increase in [Ca2+]i induced by these lysosphingolipids was associated with inositol phosphate production, which was also sensitive to PTX and U73122. The inositol phosphate response is not secondary to the increase in [Ca2+]i as evidenced by the observation that thapsigargin and ionomycin, Ca2+ mobilizing agents, never induced inositol phosphate production and, unlike lysosphingolipids, the [Ca2+]i rise by these agents was totally insensitive to PTX and U73122. When HL60 cells were differentiated into neutrophil-like cells by dibutyryl cyclic AMP, inositol phosphate and Ca2+ responses to AlF−4 were enhanced, probably reflecting an increase in the amount of Gi2 and Gi3 compared with undifferentiated cells. In the neutrophil-like cells, however, the responses to SPC and psychosine were markedly attenuated. This may exclude the possibility that the lysosphingolipids activate rather directly PTX-sensitive GTP-binding proteins or the phospholipase C itself. Other lysosphingolipids including glucosylsphingosine (glucopsychosine) and sphingosylgalactosyl sulfate (lysosulfatides) at 30 μM or lower concentrations also showed PTX- and U73122-sensitive Ca2+ mobilization and inositol phosphate response in a way similar to SPC and psychosine. However, platelet-activating factor and lysoglycerophospholipids such as lysophosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidic acid were less effective than these lysosphingolipids in the induction of Ca2+ mobilization. Taken together, the results indicate that a group of lysosphingolipids at appropriate doses induces Ca2+ mobilization through inositol phosphate production by phospholipase C activation. The lysosphingolipids-induced enzyme activation may be mediated by PTX-sensitive GTP-binding protein-coupled receptors, which may be different from previously identified platelet-activating factor receptor or lysophosphatidic acid receptor.


Understanding the coupled interactions between acoustically activated microbubbles and surrounding tissues is important for both diagnostic and therapeutic applications. However, little is known about ultrasound‐induced coupled interactions between microbubbles and blood vessels. In this work, high‐speed microscopy was used to investigate the coupled interactions inside vessels of ex vivo rat mesentery. A 1‐MHz focused ultrasound transducer was used to transmit a single pulse to tissue samples having blood vessel diameters of 10–100 μm. Bubble‐tissue interactions were captured with a high‐speed camera and an inverted microscope. For pressure amplitudes ranging from 1 to 7 MPa, several phenomena were observed: (a) microbubble oscillations caused localized dilation and invagination of the vessels, (b) microbubble jetting occurred where most jets were directed away from the adjacent vessel wall, and (c) connective tissue surrounding the vessels moved with the vessels. The talk will focus on quantitative measurements of vessel motion, strain, and jet velocities. [Work supported by NIH Grants 5R01EB000350, 5R01AR053652, 5P01DK043881, and DK070618.]


In recent decades the field of online machine learning has enjoyed an increasing interest both from applications and significant theoretical advances. Especially models based on the framework of multi-armed bandits and prediction with expert advice have been successful in uncovering central dynamics of sequential decision problems. In this thesis we explore two learning settings within this framework and design adaptive learning algorithms with theoretical performance guarantees. One learning setting we explore falls within the general goal of exploiting structure or easiness when present without sacrificing performance if the problem is hard. We first show that one can circumvent the recently discovered impossibility of exploiting a small effective loss range in multi-armed bandits by having access to one additional point of feedback. We further show that our algorithm simultaneously exploit stochastic data achieving constant regret. Our algorithm requires no prior information of the learning scenario rendering it robust to the unconstrained adversarial setting. The second setting we study is the within multi-armed bandits with delayed feedback. This model covers realistic streaming scenarios where the central timing assumption of multi-armed bandits is violated, including applications where the incoming data is batched. We prove a recent conjecture of the regret scaling when the delays are arbitrary and the losses are adversarially generated. We generalize the analytical approach of algorithmic stability for delayed feedback and uncover a data dependence that generalizes previous dependencies on the delay. We design a meta algorithm that skips excessively delayed feedback and alleviates the data dependence, thereby proving the conjectured regret bound for any delay sequence. Finally for a slightly easier setting we design a novel, adaptive tuning scheme with which our algorithm can perform much better than conjectured. We provide examples of settings where this is the case and the dependence of the problem parameters is polynomially better.


I must begin with a few words about my predecessor in the Rouse Ball chair, Sir David Williams. David Williams has had a career of outstanding service to legal studies, to universities, in particular Cambridge, and to the wider public. After completing his studies, he became one of the formidable group at the University of Nottingham's Law Faculty. He went on to Oxford—he has told me that he went there as a missionary—and during his time there produced his pathbreaking books on official secrets and public order, Not in the Public Interest and Keeping the Peace. He was, it must be said, not the only Cambridge public lawyer-missionary in Oxford. Sir William Wade was also there. By 1967 it appears that two missionaries were no longer required, and David Williams returned to Cambridge. In 1982 he succeeded Wade—by now also back in Cambridge—as Rouse Ball Professor. He has been an important presence in the world of administrative law and his contribution to environmental issues has been enormous. We are delighted that now he has laid down the burdens of office as Vice-Chancellor he has returned to the Faculty— albeit to a different chair.


324 I 325 authenticity through ethnicity are expressed in eclectic combinations of the sheer embroidered baro typical of the Christianized lowlands with a woven Maranao or Maguindanao skirt from the Islamic south. This strategy is nor infrequently used by couturier Jose Moreno, such as his 1980s design for Philippine Airlines stewardesses meant ro entice tourists with feminized re-invented forms [ ,10-3] . Despite the continuing hybridization of the baro't saya and the barong tagalog, there is the inevitable return to "tradition "a return to the "classic" lines of the 19th-century baro't saya, or the vintage 20th-century terno. This repertoire of re-formulated "traditional" garments is used during special occasions specifying the "Filipiniana" dress code. The colonial rules of proper dress according to rank or official position, however, no longer apply. Fashion has been "democratized" as reinterpreted, hybridized "traditional" styles are appropriated by groups nor normally entitled to them, breaking barriers of class, gender and ethnicity in a less circumscribed society that looks upon an idealized 19th century with admiration and nostalgia. In the postmodern era, hybridity becomes a strategy of self-representation in the re-invention and re-negotiation of tradition. How, then, does one locate authenticity in Philippine culture, and specifically, in Philippine dress? Are the phantasmagoric hybridities of the 20th and 21st centuries-such as the T'boli inspired, eclectic gown designed by Jose Moreno for Miss Philippines that won Best National Costume in the 1994 Miss Universe Pageant-less authentic than the similarly hybridized colonial and precolonial forms ? Or is acceptance of such bizarre hybrids consistent with the democratized, postmodern spirit? Does one rerurn to the "ethnic purity " of the primitive, clad only in tattoos' Does "ethnic purity" exist today? This conundrum brings to mind Spivak 's reassuring assertion that, as the substance of cultural inscriptions, "programs of cultural self-representation are never correct or incorrect. " [•18] One could also seek comfort in Bhabha 's tirade against the notion of "purity ":


In order to rationally perform the slope stability analysis,a fast procedure to determine the critical reliability slip surface(with the minimum reliability index) was proposed in this paper.The steps are as follows: a large number of potential slip surfaces are randomly generated and the correlation coefficients between the safety factors of potential slip surfaces and the deterministic critical slip surface are calculated.Based on the calculated coefficients,the slip surfaces whose correlation coefficients fall within a prescribed interval are categorized into one slip surface group.The 'pseudo'reliability indices of slip surfaces within one slip surface group are then calculated by fast Monte-Carlo method with only two samplings.The slip surface with the minimum'pseudo'reliability index is regarded as the representative slip surface of the group.The critical reliability slip surface can be obtained by comparing those representative slip surfaces from all the slip surface groups.The case studies have shown that the fast Monte-Carlo method is applicable to soil slope reliability analysis.


Takes simple match piece as an example,analytical from the theories,deduce and relatively explained that the number controls car knife,the point of a knife installs height to process inside the outside arc noodles at lengthways and horizontal of the real reason creation error margin,and put forward a number to control car knife the noodles is at the match arc that physically processes size accuracy,shape accuracy request high of solution.


Abstract Degradation of polydisperse polymers is studied in the framework of continuous kinetics which is directly based on continuous distribution functions which depend on the molecular weight and the time. A firstorder formalism is presumed. A Schulz-Flory distribution (with time-dependent parameters) is assumed to be valid during the entire time of degradation. Thus, an essential simplification of the solution procedure of the continuous rate equation is achieved. As a proof of accuracy, the approximation solution and the exact solution are compared for the case of "random scission." Furthermore, the developed method is shown to be suitable for describing the experimental data of dextran degradation caused by acid hydrolysis, by ultrasonic irradiation, and by enzymatic attack. The model parameters fitted to the experimental data allow the evaluation of the scission probability as a function of the molecular weight and of the location of the bond to be broken within the molecule.


Abstract: In recent years, the lipid composition of food has received a great deal of consumer attention due to the correlation between human disease and characteristics of dietary fats. In addition the lipid composition of eggs has been viewed with suspicion due to its high cholesterol content. Several studies have demonstrated that it is possible to modify the fatty acid composition of the yolk by enriching the egg with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). This chapter describes the egg lipid fraction and fatty acid metabolism, along with the effect of supplementing the diet of hens with vegetable and marine sources of n-3 PUFA on the fatty acid composition of yolk and its sensory attributes.


Corrosion-resistant alloys based on the Ni-Cr-Mo system are used in demanding applications in chemical process, pollution control, and other industries. The ability to make sound welds in these alloys with adequate corrosion resistance is critical for their use in most applications. Varestraint weldability testing was carried out on a Ni-Cr-Mo-Cu alloy, HASTELLOY® C-2000® (UNS N06200). Mechanical testing was conducted on weldments. Immersion corrosion tests were performed on all-weld-metal coupons of C-2000 alloy in various environments, including hydrochloric, hydrofluoric, and sulfuric acids, with other Ni-Cr-Mo alloys included for comparison. The resistance of C-2000 alloy to solidification cracking was similar to other Ni-Cr-Mo alloys that are considered to be quite weldable, including C-22® and C-276. Alloy C-2000 differs from other modern Ni-Cr-Mo alloys in that it contains 1.6 wt-% copper. Copper does not have a detrimental effect on the resistance of the alloy to solidification cracking. C-2000 alloy weld metal met the minimum tensile strength requirements of the base metal and was very ductile, passing 2 T and 1.5 T transverse bend tests. The corrosion rate of Alloy C-2000 weld metal was lower than that of the C-276 and C-22 alloys in hydrochloric, hydrofluoric, and dilute sulfuric acids, similar to that of the C-22 alloy in ASTM G28A solution, and similar to that of C-276 alloy in ASTM G28B solution and concentrated sulfuric acid.


The absolute isotopic ratios of the hydrogen content of two reference water standards called "SMOW" 2 and "SLAP 3 were measured to define an absolute isotopic scale. This isotopic scale can be used to normalize measurements of the natural isotopic variations in waters. The principle of the method used to define the zero of the scale is given. The absolute D/H ratios of SMOW and SLAP were measured by mass spectrometric comparison with calibration mixtures prepared in the laboratory. The following values are obtained: Samples of about 20 cc of the reference standards SMOW and SLAP are available from the International Atomic Energy Agency, on request. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1970.tb00540.x


Consistent with a conceptualization of field-dependence as a partially genetically based "sensitivity" of the nervous system, it was hypothesized that field-independent Ss would perform better than field-dependent Ss on tests of color and weight discrimination. 56 Ss selected as extreme on tests of both field-dependence—independence and introversion—extraversion performed color and weight discrimination tasks. The color discrimination results very strongly support the hypothesis. The weight data provide additional support, but weight discrimination appears to interact with introversion—extraversion in addition to being related to field-dependence.


As an empirical matter, there is a little question that international law is being increasingly applied today by national courts around the world in a more consequential manner. Moreover, in the words of one scholar: references to foreign law and international law are being transformed from the shield that protected the government from judicial review to the sword by which the government's (or governments') case is struck down (emphasis added). Indeed, examination of recent decisions in the UK and Israel suggests an increasing willingness on the part of some national courts to use international law as a meaningful tool for critical review of government policy and legislation relating to sensitive security-related matters. The present article examines whether, in light of these developments, some national courts should now be conceptualized as de facto international actors fulfilling an international judicial function (drawing inspiration from Georges Scelles's classic work on dedoublement fonctionnelle). In addressing this question, I discuss the potential motivations that underlie the application of international law by national courts and argue that if national judges apply international law out of a sense of legal obligation then their ultimate loyalty to national interests does not contradict their international law-applying role. The final part of the articles discusses some jurisdictional implications that may arise from the increased approximation of the judicial functions of national and international courts. In a nutshell, I argue there that if national courts are increasingly operating like international courts, a more robust legal framework should be considered for coordinating between national and international legal procedures and judicial decisions. When viewed from that perspective, the decision of the majority on the U.S. Supreme Court in Medellin, which extended little deference to the judgment issued by the International Court of Justice on the same matter, appears disappointing.


Based on the computational model previously supposed for migration probability of single-cone hydrocyclone[1], the effects of split ratio, flow rate, and fluid properties on migration probability were analyzed and calculations were carried out under the same structural parameters as those of small cone-angle segment of Thew's 35mm hydrocyclone[2]. The results show that the change in flow rate or fluid properties simply gives different cutting size d50 according to Hy=const. without changing the relationship of MP'(((=d /d50). If split ratio is changed, the relationship of MP' against ( will also keep the same, but with only a slight change in cutting size. These two points are different from those implied by Thew's correlation that Hy would weakly depend on Renolds number and that difference in split ratio would not change d50. The calculated results were correlated into two expressions, which will give predictions of reduced migration probabilities under different split ratio, flow rate or fluid properties.


A method for generating production information from a production machine (1, 28) with at least one signal output (4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 31, 33, 35) for the transmission of production status information to a production control system or production monitoring system (22, 24, 39) , said method comprising the following steps in chronological sequence: - setting up an evaluation state model (47) having a plurality of analysis conditions, wherein each evaluation condition corresponds exactly to a time account, and setting up an interpretation state model (48, 54), transitions between states (49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62) of the interpretation state model (48, 54) in response to (on the production machine 1, 28) are defined which can be tapped events, - assigning of states (49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62) of interpretation of state model (48, 54) to conditions of the evaluation state model (47), - increase of the time account for the currently present evaluation state during the operation of the production machine (1, 28) by an amount which corresponds to the period in which ...


The objective of this study is to test cytotoxicity of four brands of commercially available orthodontic temporary anchorage devices (TADs).


70 species of grasses family (Poaceae), coming from genera: Agrostis, Alopecurus, Anthoxanthum, Apera, Arrhenatherum, Avena, Brachypodium, Briza, Bromus, Calamagrostis, Corynephorus, Cynosurus, Dactylis, Danthonia, Deschampsia, Digitaria, Echinochloa, Elymus, Eragrostis, Festuca, Glyceria, Helictotrichon, Hierochloe, Holcus, Hordeum, Koeleria, Leymus, Lolium, Milium, Molinia, Nardus, Panicum, Phalaris, Phleum, Phragmites, Poa, Saccharum and Setaria, collected mostly from natural stands in Poland during 2020 season, were subjected to GC-MS fingerprinting of headspace volatile fraction above dried material. Obtained mass spectrometry data were analyzed by means of principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). Five species: Glyceria maxima (Hartm.) Holmb., Lolium multiflorum Lam., Hordeum jubatum L., Bromus tectorum L. and Bromus secalinus L. were identified as outliers, which is consistent with our earlier analysis by thin layer chromatography. These species deserve further look and their outliance is orthogonal to coumarin content, which was independently observed for odorant species of grasses.


In this paper, a discrete-time stochastic queueing model for the performance analysis of congestion control mechanism based on Random Early Detection (RED) methodology with bursty and correlated traffic by using a two-state Markov-Modulated Bernoulli arrival process (MMBP-2) as the traffic source is presented. A new RED analytical framework is proposed and a two-dimensional discrete-time Markov chain is introduced to model two traffic classes (each dimension corresponding to a traffic class with its own RED parameters) by using this active queue management algorithm which takes into account the reduction of incoming traffic arrival rate due to packets dropped probabilistically with the drop probability increasing linearly with system contents. The analytic evaluation of the queue considered could be of interest for modelling the performance of the RED algorithm with two traffic classes in TCP/IP networks. The mean system occupancy, mean packet delay, probability of packet loss, and system throughput are computed from the analytical model for dropping policy, which are functions of the thresholds and maximum drop probability. The results clearly demonstrate how different threshold settings can provide different tradeoffs between loss probability and delay to suit different service requirements. Also the effects of input parameters on a selected set of performance metrics are studied.


An electric spindle used for milling was discussed,a parameterized FEA model of bearing-rotor system established in ANSYS was given,choosing the stiffness of spindle as the optimizing target,its bearing span and the location of the motor were calculated by using the optimized function integrated in ANSYS,and modal analysis on fore-and-aft spindle system was made,then the change of its first set inherent frequency was compared.The result reveals its stiffness and first set inherent frequency both have a certain extent of increase.


The Carnegie Supernova Project-II (CSP-II) was an NSF-funded, four-year program to obtain optical and near-infrared observations of a "Cosmology" sample of ∼100 Type Ia supernovae located in the smooth Hubble flow (0.03 ≲ z ≲ 0.10). Light curves were also obtained of a "Physics" sample composed of 90 nearby Type Ia supernovae at z ≤ 0.04 selected for near-infrared spectroscopic timeseries observations. The primary emphasis of the CSP-II is to use the combination of optical and near-infrared photometry to achieve a distance precision of better than 5%. In this paper, details of the supernova sample, the observational strategy, and the characteristics of the photometric data are provided. In a companion paper, the near-infrared spectroscopy component of the project is presented.


The land owns abundance in water and diversity quantity in the existing types. The contact with the several chemical elements of nature does find waters with composition and different properties. The existence of Ca ions, it does arise to the property denominated of hardness that changes with relevance the physicist-chemical properties and reologics of water and suspensions ready with her. This study analyzed the interferences of water with hardness several contents in the characteristic reologics of a suspension of ceramic enamel. The enamels were characterized through chemical analysis, pH, ionic conductivity, zeta potential, deflocculates and flux curves. Although the variation of the hardness does not have changed the grind processing, it elevated the viscosity and shear stress of the suspensions, also provoking the appearance of the character tixotrópico in the suspensions. This phenomenon can be explained by the consumption of tripolifosfato of sodium, when kidnapping the causers ions of the hardness, decreasing the quantity of available additive for deflocular the suspension. Varying itself the speed gradient adopted for stress shear viscosity and tension measure that the values was observed change, however the behavior of the suspension remains the same regardless of the adopted gradient. It also was observed the regardless of the temperature there is the harmful action in the characteristic reologics.


Non-small cell lung adenocarcinoma (NSCLC) is a leading cause of death in the United States and worldwide (1, 2). We mined published microarray data (3, 4, 5) to discover genes associated with NSCLC. We identified significant differential expression of the transcription factor TBX3 in tumors from patients with NSCLC. TBX3 may be of relevance to the initiation, progression or maintenance of non-small cell lung cancers.


Creating and bootstrapping an operating system is a difficult process. The RHODOS Operating System is no exception and due to its flexible and modular design the booting process has many requirements not found with monolithic operating systems. This report describes the booting requirements of RHODOS, the latest version of Kbuild, the tool used to create the RHODOS boot image, the image produced by Kbuild, the methods used to load and boot the image, and the state of our hardware platform at the time of booting. * This work was partly supported by Australian Research Council under Grant A48831034 and the Deakin University Research Grant 0504054151. Michael J Hobbs: E-Mail email@example.com. Warren Toomey: E-Mail email@example.com. Greg J. Wickham: E-Mail email@example.com.


This chapter of The No Shelf Required Guide to E-book Purchasing studies how a consortium of thirty-six academic libraries in Oregon took a collaborative, consortium-wide approach to e-book purchasing. The alliance reacted to the threat of individual library e-book purchases limiting resource sharing by creating several teams to investigate and develop a shared e-book program The Orbis Cascade Alliance is a consortium of thirty-six academic libraries in Oregon and Washington. According to its mission statement, The mission of the Alliance is to strengthen member libraries through collaboration in order to support the work of our students, faculty, staff, and researchers. Alliance members join together to enhance our services, share our information resources and expertise, enrich and preserve our collections, and develop library staff to meet the challenges of a rapidly changing information environment. 1 The organization grew out of the 2003 merger of two regional consortia, Orbis (Oregon) and Cascade (Washington), in order to strengthen services within member libraries and the region. Core elements of the Alliance's overall success were its strong history of collaboration and the collective strength of the print monographs collection accessible to users in all member libraries through patron-initiated borrowing. As the number of e-books purchased by member libraries increased, restricted access to these individual purchases could have decreased the value of the cumulative resources of the Alliance. Technological constraints and digital rights management issues rendered individual e-books purchased by a member library inaccessible to the entire membership. With the changes in the monograph marketplace, the Alliance decided to proceed with a demand-driven pilot project that guarantees shared e-book access for all member libraries. The Alliance's evaluation process and recommendations are one example of a consortial approach to sharing e-books. The organization of the Alliance fostered collaboration on a number of levels. The Alliance Council and its executive council established committees to help manage the ongoing work of the organization with a representative from each library and led by seven member steering teams. Among the first committees created were Electronic Resources (ERC) and Collection Development and Management (CDMC). The successful evaluation and selection of a preferred monograph vendor by CDMC for collaborative collection development initiatives was foundational for the work to come. Following on that accomplishment, the Alliance created an e-book task force to evaluate a shared e-book program and to issue recommendations. Based on that team's recommendations, a second team investigated different vendors and options for a shared e-book program. Out of this structure, this environment, and these activities emerged the plan for the demand-driven initiative (see figure 2.1). In 2005, the CDMC began exploring the designation of a single preferred consortium monographs The No Shelf Required Guide to E-book Purchasing Sue Polanka, Editor 2003 Merger of two regional consortia, Orbis (Oregon) and Cascade (Washington) into Orbis is Cascade Alliance. 2007 Alliance selects YBP as its preferred consortium monographs vendor. April 2009 First brainstorming session on exploring a consortium e-books program. May 2009 First e-book team created. June 2009 Report submitted to Alliance Council. November 2009 Council approves the report's recommendations. December 2009 Council creates second e-book team. January 2010 First meeting of second e-book team. February 2010 Survey issued to Alliance libraries. April 2010 RFI issued. May 2010 Responses received. July 2010 Revised proposals received. August 2010 E-book team selects EBL and a demand-driven pilot project. November 2010 Council approves recommendations. December 2010 Third e-book team created.


A freelance interpreter must carry out multiple functions, from PR to accounting to the actual work. Add personal life and it becomes a delicate balancing act.


The Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP), associated with the breakup of Pangea and straddling the Triassic-Jurassic boundary, has been recognized as one of the largest Phaneorozoic igneous provinces. Its volcanogenic gas outpurs possibly led to global climatic perturbations that in turn have been suggested to have had a trigger role on the end-Triassic biotic crisis.
To further test this causal link, several aspects need to be investigated, through a multidisciplinary approach. In particular, eruptive style and rate as well as chemistry of the outpurred volcanics may influence the quantity and modality of the outgassing, thus determining either a severe or weak environmental impact of a Large Igneous Province. Additionally, precise (isotopic and biochronostratigraphic) geochronological investigations are required to unravel the time relationship between CAMP onset and other events documented in the global stratigraphic record, such as the end-Triassic biological turnover.
In the first part of this thesis, new sampling and geochemical data are reported and interpreted for the south-eastern North American intrusive (dykes and sills) occurrences of the CAMP. Previous studies had attempted discerning the mantle source of these tholeiitic suites, leaning toward either a mantle-plume or a lithospheric mantle origin. Our combined new major and trace element and Sr-Nd-Pb-Os isotopic analyses on more than 70 rock samples and detailed electron microprobe mineral data provide further insights into the petrogenesis of eastern North American (ENA) CAMP dykes and sills. Ranging in composition from Olivine/Hyperstene- to Quartz-normative, the low-Ti (TiO2 0.36-1.35 wt%) sampled tholeiites show large variations in major elements (e.g., MgO 17-5 wt%; CaO 12-7 wt%) that are interpreted to derive from closed-system fractional crystallization, starting from (at least) two different parental magma-types: high- and low-Fe olivine-normative basalts. ENA diabases show uniform, rather depleted trace element contents, decoupled from Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic systematics that in turn are generally enriched and show a large spread of values (87Sr/86Sr200Ma 0.70438-0.70880; 143Nd/144Nd200Ma 0.5120-0.5125; 206Pb/204Pb200Ma 17.41-18.61; 207Pb/204Pb200Ma 15.54-15.63; 208Pb/204Pb200Ma 37.32-38.38). In particular, 206Pb/204Pb ratios reach very low values, that are not observed on low-Ti basalts from the rest of CAMP, and extending towards signatures typical of the Enriched Mantle-I pole. On the contrary, 187Os/188Os200Ma isotopes are homogenously low, showing mantle signatures, and not correlated with other isotopic compositions. Consistently, numerical modeling of assimilation processes constrains the role of crustal contamination to be no larger than 3-10%. Thus, the heterogeneous and enriched signatures are interpreted to reside in the mantle-source, which in turn is suggested to consist of sub-continental lithosphere enriched with an EMI component by ancient subductions. This EMI-flavored component is suggested to be conveyed by sediments-bearing recycled oceanic crust, incorporated as pyroxenitic veins within the lithospheric mantle.
In the second part, the results of applying the high resolution of marine biostratigraphy to constrain the detailed timing of the CAMP onset are presented. Analyses of biogenic apatite from 19 stratigraphically well-constrained conodont samples from the Tethyan realm indicate two significant shifts of the oceanic 87Sr/86Sr composition during the latest Triassic: a rapid drop of 87Sr/86Sr during the lower Rhaetian, followed by an increase during the upper Rhaetian. These shifts are positively correlated with synchronous variations of oceanic 187Os/188Os and they may be attributed to a rapid emplacement and erosion of the CAMP, followed by a prompt increase of continental weathering. These interpretations back-position the first onset of the CAMP around the Norian-Rhaetian boundary, hence implying a short duration for the Rhaetian stage (<2 Ma). Volcanogenic triggering of end-Triassic climatic perturbations is thus plausible, with bearings on the biotic crisis starting from the Norian-Rhaetian and culminating at the Triassic-Jurassic boundary. The hypothesis of a step-wise character previously suggested for this mass extinction is also reinforced by these new data.


In research activities regarding Magnetic Resonance Imaging in medicine, simulation tools with a universal approach are rare. Usually, simulators are developed and used which tend to be restricted to a particular, small range of applications. This led to the design and implementation of a new simulator PARSPIN, the subject of this thesis. In medical applications, the Bloch equation is a well-suited mathematical model of the underlying physics with a wide scope. In this thesis, it is shown how analytical solutions of the Bloch equation can be found, which promise substantial execution time advantages over numerical solution methods. From these analytical solutions of the Bloch equation, a new formalism for the description and the analysis of complex imaging experiments is derived, the K-t formalism. It is shown that modern imaging methods can be better explained by the K-t formalism than by observing and analysing the magnetization of each spin of a spin ensemble. Various approaches for a numerical simulation of Magnetic Resonance imaging are discussed. It is shown that a simulation tool based on the K-t formalism promises a substantial gain in execution time. Proper spatial discretization according to the sampling theorem, a topic rarely discussed in literature, is universally derived from the K-t formalism in this thesis. A spin-based simulator is an application with high demands to computing facilities even on modern hardware. In this thesis, two approaches for a parallelized software architecture are designed, analysed and evaluated with regard to a reduction of execution time. A number of possible applications in research and education are demonstrated. For a choice of imaging experiments, results produced both experimentally and by simulation are compared.


The electron impact excitation of the 5p6 subshell in a caesium atom was studied by measuring the excitation cross sections of lines in ejected-electron spectra arising from the decay of the 5p5n1l1n2l2 autoionizing doublet and quartet levels. The data were obtained for the incident electron energies ranging from the lowest excitation threshold 12.31 up to 600  eV at an observation angle of 54.7° and with incident-electron energy resolutions of 0.2 and 0.7  eV for the near-threshold and high impact-energy regimes, respectively. Spectroscopic assignment and excitation cross sections of levels in 6s2, 5d6s, 6s6p and 6s6d configurations are considered.


Steel is one of the most commonly used structural materials. Fracture toughness is one of the most important fundamental mechanical properties of the steel, so that there have been a lot of studies to understand and improve it. It is widely known that fracture toughness is strongly affected by microstructures in steels.1,2) However, the quantitative relationship between the fracture toughness and the microstructures has not been sufficiently clarified.3–6) It is therefore significant to establish a theory to quantitatively predict the fracture toughness in order to effectively develop the material design of steels. One of the major reasons of the difficulty for quantifying the influence of microstructures on fracture toughness is caused by the fact that there is a scatter of the fracture toughness as intrinsic nature.7) Pineau et al. proposed a model to evaluate a scatter of cleavage fracture toughness based on the weakest-link theory, called as the Beremin model.8–10) The effectiveness of the Beremin model has been widely known11–13) and several modifications were proposed 3D Observation of Micro-cracks as Cleavage Fracture Initiation Site in Ferrite-pearlite Steel


Aim: To study the status of mental health awareness and related factors for residents in Guancheng district of Zhengzhou. Methods: Residents aged ≥15 years from Guancheng district were selected by stratified three-stage random sampling. They were investigated by use of the questionnaire for awareness of mental health issued by the General Office of the Ministry of Health in 2010. The data were analyzed by use of SAS 9. 1. Results: In this study,the overall correct answer rate for awareness of mental health was 56. 1%. The mean value of this questionnaire was 11. 22 ± 3. 63. The scores among residents with different age,educational level,income level,profession were statistically significant( F = 151. 840,226. 931,112. 581,161. 705,P 0. 05). The scores of 15-,65-,and 75- 98 years old residents were higher. Compared with other professions,the total scores of knowledge of mental health in migrant workers and casual workers were the lowest.And the secondary factor was the educational level,total score of residents with master's degree was higher than those in other educational levels. Besides,the total score of these residents with an income between 3 001- Yuan was higher than that of the other income level. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that educational level,income level and professions would impact the value of this questionnaire significantly. Conclusion: In general,the awareness rate of mental health may be relatively low in Guancheng district of Zhengzhou. The results also suggest that the future mental health advocacy works should focus on the residents with lower educated degree,lower income,as well as the migrant workers and temporary workers.


The promotion of war capability in the army is closely related to the result and achievement of military education. The teacher and staff who stand in the forefront of the military education often have job burnout and low job morale which affected by the manager's leadership style and organizational climate. Our goal of this research is find the best solution toward these problems which cause job burnout and job morale. We take the teacher and staffs who work in military academies of south Taiwan as the research objects, and the sample size of the survey is 400 individuals with 356 responses while 32 of them are not eligible. The respondent rate is 81%. And the software edition of SPSS 10.0 is utilized for analysis. The research methods include factor analysis, reliability analysis, T-test & one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation analysis, and regression analysis. Here are some issues found from this research: 1. Individual characteristics like rank, marriage, education, and seniorities are significantly different from leadership style except gender, age. 2. Individual characteristics like education is significantly different from organizational climate except gender, rank, age, marriage, and seniorities. 3. Individual characteristics like rank, age, marriage, education, and seniorities ages are significantly different from job burnout except gender. 4. Individual characteristics like rank, education, and seniorities are significantly different from job morale except gender, age, and marriage. 5. Leadership style, organizational climate, job burnout and job morale are significantly related to each other. 6. Leadership style, organizational climate have significantly impact at job burnout. 7. Leadership style, organizational climate have partly impact at job burnout. 8. Leadership style, organizational climate have significantly impact at job morale. 9. Leadership style, organizational climate, have partly impact at job morale. This is the reference which offers to the organizations which are in charge of military education, people who work in military academies, and following researchers.


A systematization of actual data on the settlement and development of the territory within the ribbon pine forests of the southwestern part of the Altai Territory was carried out, and the reasons for these processes were identified. The processes of formation and development of the territorial structure of nature management are considered.


Danger alarm system of the steering wheel for a vehicle according to the present invention includes a sensor unit, the sensor unit for detecting the risk through a sensor mounted on a piezoelectric transducer, a current supply portion, the steering wheel or a vehicle which is installed at least one of the handles of the steering wheel If the sensor values detected in the included in the control section critical alarm range which the sensor value comprising a control unit for controlling operation of the current supply section in accordance with the sensor value determined whether or not, and that within the scope critical alarm, by the movable parts of the electric current supplied to the piezoelectric transducer, and supplies the drive current to the piezoelectric transducer vibrates the steering wheel and converts the received driving current supplied from the current supply to the vibration.


It is well known that the macroscopic characteristics describing holographic materials are determined by the physical and chemical processes taking place at a microscopic level during and after exposure and during processing. Very well controlled and systematic measurements have been carried out to determine for the first time the 'complex' nonlinear characteristics of a silver halide material (processed to obtain phase holograms), i.e. to measure its Lin-curves (square-root of diffraction efficiency as a function of bias exposure and fringe visibility) in a range of grating spatial ferquencies. In such a way both the MTF and the nonlinearity of the material can be determined. An analytical function was fitted to the measured data, allowing for the use of these characteristics in the assessment of the quality of the reconstructed holographic image using the method (based on the double Fresnel-Kirchhoff integral) developed by the author.


Flexible and economic systems for full electric operation of road vehicles are an area of intense research and development. This report applies such systems to the operation of all city buses in Lund.
Software for simulation and economic optimization of such systems is developed and a few system designs are presented. An attempt to a realistic cost and performance estimate of the main components is presented. All buses are assumed to operate at the same schedule as today. Under some of the assumptions these systems are shown to be cheaper than diesel and gas buses in addition to
being quieter and without local pollution.


Various analytical expressions were evaluated for their ability to represent plastics creep data resulting from isothermal, constant stress creep experi ments. The constants for each expression were determined by an iterative least squares analysis performed on published creep data for crystalline, amorphous, crosslinked and multiphased plastics. The expressions were ranked in order of effectivity for the representation of creep data using the sum of the squares of the residuals as the criterion of ranking. It was determined from the analysis that a simple 3 parameter parabolic function was the most accurate, as well as general expression for the analytical representation of the plastics creep data investigated. The best fit constants for the functions investigated were, in general, dependent upon stress. It was found that the extrapolation of 1 day creep data to periods of time as great as 1 year, generally led to large errors.


One of the main remaining impurities that lowers efficiencies of silicon solar cells are oxygen ring defects that are incorporated into the material during growth. These defects decrease overall cell efficiencies by around 20% (rel.) resulting in a yield loss of about 1/4 h of each monocrystalline silicon ingot. To control the oxygen defects and put them in the least harmful form possible, a new cell processing step call tabula rasa (TR) is explored. TR is a high temperature process for a short duration. In this work, TR is found to be a kinetically-limited process through several oxygen precipitate dissolution experiments from which the activation energy of dissolution is found to be equivalent to the migration enthalpy for oxygen in silicon. With this knowledge, a predictive kinetic model is built which can be used for process optimization. A multiscale end-to-end model is also developed to determine the effect of rings on cell performance. Using oxygen defect parameter inputs, device modelling, and a spatially resolved two diode mesh, PL images are transformed into current maps and used to determine cell efficiencies for inhomogeneously distributed defects. A reduction in efficiency for cells with ring defects is simulated for several ring defect concentrations and compared to a non-defective cell. Another strategy for lowering cost and mitigating oxygen ring defects is using thinner silicon absorbers with inherent defect tolerance. Using the multiscale modeling platform described above, thin silicon wafers are compared to typical cells. It is shown that thin cells with ring defects perform with higher efficiencies, with less than half the material used. The thin silicon strategy is compared with the TR process addition, and future work is outlined to further explore these oxygen mitigation options. Thesis Supervisor: Tonio Buonassisi Title: Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering


Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy is a widely‐used method for characterizing the secondary structures of proteins. The well‐established and highly used analysis website, DichroWeb (located at: http://dichroweb.cryst.bbk.ac.uk/html/home.shtml) enables the facile quantitative determination of helix, sheet, and other secondary structure contents of proteins based on their CD spectra. DichroWeb includes a range of reference datasets and algorithms, plus graphical and quantitative methods for determining the quality of the analyses produced. This article describes the current website content, usage and accessibility, as well as the many upgraded features now present in this highly popular tool that was originally created nearly two decades ago.


We present the discovery of VVV J165507.19−421755.5, a mid-T dwarf found through ongoing unWISE-based proper motion searches. A near-infrared spectrum of this object obtained with the NIRES instrument on the Keck II telescope indicates a spectral classification of T5. Using data from the VISTA Variables in the Via Lactea (VVV) catalog with a 9 year baseline, we measure a proper motion of ( μαcos(δ) , μ δ ) = (−631.0 ± 1.3, −315.0 ± 1.4) mas yr−1 and a trigonometric parallax of π abs = 66.0 ± 4.8 mas, corresponding to a distance of 15.2 ± 1.1 pc. The trigonometric parallax agrees well with our photometric distance estimate (16.1 −3.9+5.1 pc) assuming that VVV J165507.19−421755.5 is a single T5 dwarf. VVV J165507.19−421755.5 is a new member of the 20 parsec census.


Objective:To explore the clinical value of four-dimensional ultrasound imaging in obstetric examination.Methods:Four-dimensional ultrasound was detected by V730 on 60 pregnant women who used ultrasonography in prenatal screening.Results:There were 60 cases in which 20 cases with limb malformation,15 cases with facial deformity,12 cases with spinal malformation,8 cases with abdominal malformation,and 5 cases with chest malformation.Conclusion:Four-dimensional ultrasound can better dynamic observation of fetal surface malformations location,which can provide more worthy information for clinical diagnosis and treatment.


In recent years there have been several intriguing reports1,2,3 by Soviet researchers of tunable, color center lasers operating in LiF at room temperature with excellent stability and efficiency. Laser action has been ascribed to the aggregate centers F2, F2+, and F2− created by gamma irradiation of this material and Q-switching by F2− centers was also described4.


A 27-year-old woman was referred to me by a gynaecologist for haemostatic evaluation due to profuse menorrhagia with a normal sized uterus. There was no history of abnormal epistaxis, but increased bruising was present and a history of abnormal bleeding in association with a single surgical procedure she had undergone (removal of a wrist ganglion). She had a history of primary menorrhagia after an early menarche (aged 10 years) and her periods usually lasted for 10±12 days, even up to 15 days out of a 28-day cycle. Her periods were handicapping (`unable to stand up'), with bleeding through sanitary pads, clots and frequent absence from work and social activity during menstruation. Oral contraceptive pills had not been helpful. The patient's mother had a history of menorrhagia, but a diagnosis of vWD had not been con®rmed and vWD was ruled out in her brother. Her father is deceased. The Simplate II bleeding time was 16 min (normal is < 9.5 min) and the APTT was normal. Von Willebrand's disease was diagnosed by two subsequent measurements of ristocetin cofactor activity (25% and 28%, respectively), von Willebrand factor antigen (55% and 46%, respectively, by the latex immunoassay) and a factor VIII concentration of 75% and 57%. Because the vWF activity/antigen ratio was 0.45±0.6 and platelet aggregation did not reveal an increased response to ristocetin, she was considered to have type IIa, but multimer analysis has not been performed. At the time of diagnosis, I became aware of a recent report on the treatment of vWD associated menorrhagia in four women with tranexamic acid, 4 g (eight 0.5 g tablets) in a single daily dose for 3 days, beginning on the ®rst day of the period [1]. The patient agreed to try this treatment and for the ®rst time that she could remember she had a period lasting only 5 days and with no bleeding through the pads. She has taken tranexamic acid as described above for the subsequent six periods and the periods remain well controlled, lasting 5±6 days. She has not noted any side-effects from the medication.


Background: Unless performing a timely and appropriate correction, congenital anomalies can conduce to irrecoverable complications. There are different reasons for delay in referring such patients to physician for surgery. By understanding these considerations, we can make an effective approach to reduce the severity of this problem in our community and this is the aim of our study.
Methods: In a cross sectional study, all 359 eligible cases (neonates and infants suffered from a correctable anomaly which were referred to our centers) and 110 physicians were included for a period of 15 months (2000-2001). Two main hospitals in our city were set as the data collection centers (Al-Zahra). Parents' views were extracted by interview. Physicians' knowledge about study subject was assessed by self administered MCQs.
Results: In this study 65 percent of all cases who were operated on had been taken to hospital with delay (male to female ratio was 4:1). Among the cases who received delayed surgical treatment, inguinal hernia was the most prevalent one (39 percent). Surgery in 32 percent of cases who had delay in their operation caused some degrees of complications. Physicians' misadvise (42 percent), economic problems (25 percent), and hospital terror (17 percent) were accounted as the most prevalent reasons for delayed referrals. Physicians' knowledge about the correctable congenital anomalies in infants was estimated very poor (3 score from 10).
Discussion: Delay to refer for operation in correctable congenital anomalies is an important dilemma in our community. Public education and also health professional education about this matter can play an admissible role improving the situation. Also, it is needed to make decisions for improving assurance supports in such cases.
Key words: Congenital anomalies, timely treatment, delayed surgery, attitude


CaCo(H2O)[BP2O8(OH)]·H2O was synthesized under mild hydrothermal conditions and investigated by single crystal X–ray diffraction (triclinic, space group P (No. 2), a = 6.5793(3) A, b = 7.8320(1) A, c = 8.8172(1) A, α = 68.785(7)°, β = 82.719(10)°, γ = 73.985(9)°, V = 406.930(19) A3, Z = 2). The crystal structure contains layers stacked along [011]. The layers are built from isolated borophosphate oligomers, [B2P4O16(OH)2]8– (loop branched tetrahedral hexamers), which are interconnected by dimers of CoO3O2/2(H2O) coordination octahedra. Calcium ions and crystal water are located at the borders of the layers, close to intra-layer cavities.


A 37-year-old Caucasian male presented to our institution for progressive weight loss and recurrent abdominal pain. An enteral CT performed in another centre showed a diffuse thickening of the duodenal walls suggestive of lymphoma or Crohn's disease.

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy showed a normal appearance of gastroesophageal mucosa while the duodenal and proximal jejunal mucosa appeared completely covered with pseudo-polypoid lesions with maximum size of 5 mm (figure 1A,B). At the ileocolonoscopy, the colorectal mucosa was diffusely micronodular (figure 1D), while the terminal ileum presented same lesions detected in the duodenum (figure 1C).

Figure 1
Endoscopic view: (A) duodenum, (B) jejunum, (C) ileum, (D) colon.

Enteroscopy confirmed the presence of pseudopolypoid lesions also in the jejunum …


To reduce the trailing phenomena for moving images in a Flat Panel Display(FPD),a grayscale control algorithm which simulates Cathode Ray Tube(CRT)grayscale rendition process is proposed.Firstly,the basic concept of FPD is introduced and the current major technology of reducing trailing,Black Frame Insertion Technology,is explained.Then,the reasons of trailing phenomena from moving images are introduced and the work processes of human eyes when moving images are displayed on CRT and FPD are illuminated and the grayscale rendition of a pixel is obtained.Furthermore,based on algorithm derivation,the algorithm realization steps and compared experiment results of traditional and proposed FPD grayscale control algorithms are discussed.Finally,the main program implemented with Very-High-Speed Integrated Circuit Hardware Description Language(VHDL)is presented and the specific rendition process is described.Experimental results indicate that the image quality is evidently improved and the trailing phenomena have been reduced to nearly 90% when the moving images are displayed by the FPD.The result meets the eye reflection mechanism.Moreover,the algorithm has advantages in less operation and storagy space and is easy to be implemented by hardware.


A temperature sensor by using an alcohol-filled side-hole fiber (SHF) based Sagnac interferometer is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The alcohol liquid is filled into air holes of the SHF. Due to its temperature-dependent refractive index, interference pattern of the Sagnac interferometer shifts at sensitivity of 86.1 pm/°C when temperature is changed in a range between 20°C and 70°C.


Since the Egyptian era began (3000 B.C.) prosthodontics has come a long way from placing ivory teeth as fixed prosthesis to giving vulcanite denture and finally the current technique of fabricating computerised crowns and digitalizing various procedures with high level of precision and accuracy. From the metallic crowns to all ceramics crowns, from wooden implants to the high grade Titanium implants, prosthodontics is looking forward to the future when prosthodontist will be able to replace a missing tooth with natural tooth by utilising stem cell technology.


The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of directive leadership style and consultative leadership style on employee performance in the Cooperative KSP Bhina Raharja Lamongan. This research includes research (explanatory Research) explain the causal relationship between perubah-changer through hypothesis testing. Samples are numbered 31 Employees Cooperative KSP Bhina Raharja Lamongan and using samples of proportionate stratified random sampling. The data collection technique using a questionnaire that had been tested in advance and tested for validity and reliability test. Analysis technique used is multiple regression analysis, F test, test R2. Regression analysis derive the equation: Y = 12.828 + 0,181X1 + 0,240X2 which means employees' performance in the Cooperative KSP Bhina Raharja Lamongan influenced directive leadership style and consultative leadership style. F test results showed that the calculated F value of 12.281. being Ftabel of (3.34). By looking at the results of the F test this means the directive leadership style and consultative leadership style is complementary to influence employee work achievement that could happen in the Cooperative KSP Bhina Raharja Lamongan. The results of the analysis of the coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.645 so it can be said that the relative contribution of Job Performance Employees affected by the directive leadership style variable (X1), and consultative leadership style variable (X2), amounting to 64.5% while the remaining 36.5% influenced by other variables not examined in this study. The conclusion is From t test results by testing the hypothesis that the t test, showed that the value Tcount for directive leadership style is by 2,879 more than in the Ttable value that is equal to 2.048. of the indicators with the findings of researchers from the t test results that Tcount (2,879)> Ttable (2.048). Results Tcount for consultative leadership style that is equal to 3.293 higher than the Ttabel value that is equal to 2.048. consultative leadership (X2) has a dominant influence on employee work achievement, when compared with the directive leadership style (X1), this can be of the value X1 Tcount smaller X2.


By using the generalization of the neutrosophic q-Poisson distribution series, we introduce a new subclass of analytic and bi-univalent functions defined in the open unit disk. We then apply the q-Gegenbauer polynomials to investigate the estimates for the Taylor coefficients and Fekete–Szegö type inequalities of the functions belonging to this new subclass. In addition, we consider several corollaries and the consequences of the results presented in this paper. The neutrosophic q-Poisson distribution is expected to be significant in a number of areas of mathematics, science, and technology.


Backgroung : In chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients, 3-month BCR- ABL1 levels ≤10% measured using conventional RQ-PCR (IS) have consistently been correlated with further outcomes. Monitoring molecular responses using the Xpert BCR-ABL1 Monitor TM PCR system has demonstrated an optimal correlation with standardized RT-qPCR (IS), however, it is not known whether both methods are also equivalent when measuring BCR- ABL1 levels higher than 10%. We previously showed how the cutoff of 10% was not correlate with subsequent responses when using Xpert BCR-ABL1 in a cohort of 125 consecutive CML patients treated with imatinib (58%) and second generation TKI (2GTKI) (42%) as frontline treatment. By contrast, by using a receiver operating characteristic curve, a new cutoff of 1.5% was correlated with probabilities to achieve complete cytogenetic response (CCR) and major molecular response (MMR. The aim of this study is to validate the new cutoff of 1.5% at 3 months in patients treated with second generation 2GTKI. Methods : We have studied 57 new consecutive CML-CP patients treated 2GTKI from from Andalusian CML Group Registry . BCR-ABL1 transcript quantification was performed using the automated method Xpert BCR-ABL1 Monitor ™ , Cepheid, aligned to the 0.1% BCR-ABL1 ratio according to the standards of the World Health Organization. The samples were not centrally collected. All analyses were performed on an intention-to-treat basis unless otherwise stated. The proportions of patients who achieved MMR and CCyR after first-line treatment for 1 year and the response at 3 months were compared by applying Pearson9s chi-square test or Fisher9s exact test The study was approved by the Ethics Committee. Results : The median age at diagnosed was 48 years (18-74). The ratio of men to women was 59/41, and the risk groups according to Sokal Score were 48%, 30% and 22% for low, intermediate and high risk, respectively. Median follow up was 38 months (3-56). First-line treatment consisted of nilotinib and dasatinib in 58% and 42% of patients, respectively. Overall, the probability of achieving CCyR and MMR at 12 months was 92% (48/52) and 82% (39/47), respectively. Ten patients (17%) required treatment changes as a result of resistance (n=3), not achieving MMR (n=3) or intolerance (n=4). No patients progressed to advanced phases, and only 1 patient died during follow-up (not CML related). The overall median value of BCR-ABL1 at 3 months was 0.16%. Consistent with the original cohort of patients treated with first-line 2GTKI, all patients achieved a BCR-ABL1 level ≤10% at 3 months; therefore, this cutoff did not predict further evolution. We classified this new cohort based on the new cutoff observed in the primary population ( BCR-ABL1 level at 3 months ≤1.5%); 77% of patients achieved BCR-ABL1 levels ≤1.5%, whereas 23% of patients did not. This cutoff also predicted the probability to obtain MMR by 12 months (91% vs. 44% (p=0.025). Conclusions : We have shown that when using the current version of GeneXpert, a BCR- ABL1cutoff of 10% at 3 months may underestimate the probability of not achieving an ulterior optimal response. We have shown that a new cutoff of 1.5% at 3 months can better identify patients with lower risk to achieve an optimal response at 12 months. This information should be taken into considerations when using this practical and widespread platform to monitor CML patients. Disclosures Garcia Gutierrez: Ariad: Consultancy, Research Funding; Novartis: Consultancy, Research Funding; BMS: Consultancy, Research Funding; Pfizer: Consultancy, Research Funding. Ramirez: Bristol-Myers-Squibb: Honoraria; Janssen: Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees; Novartis: Honoraria; Roche: Honoraria. Steegmann: BMS: Honoraria, Other: Research funding for the Spanish CML Group; Pfizer: Honoraria, Other: Research funding for the Spanish CML Group; Novartis: Honoraria, Other: Research funding for the Spanish CML Group; Ariad: Honoraria, Other: Research funding for the Spanish CML Group.


The content of information technology course is continuously updating as the modern educational technology is developing.The concept of blended learning should be used in designing information technology teaching program.This will not only help students to learn the structure of the good organization of knowledge,but also conducive to know the bad organization of unstructured knowledge,thus to stimulate students to construct knowledge independently and develop their higher level thinking skills.In addition,it can also facilitates the emotional exchange between teachers and students,making it easier for teachers to grasp the rhythm of classroom instruction and master student learning feedback timely.


We consider the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM) extended by three right-handed neutrinos. Assuming that neutrino masses are purely Dirac-type, the lightest right-handed sneutrino R can be the lightest superparticle (LSP). We discuss the possibility that the LSP R becomes dark matter of the universe, paying attention to the production of R in the early universe. This work is based on collaboration with K. Ishiwata and T. Moroi [1, 2].


The general Zakharov-Shabat type equations without the L operators are shown to be equivalent to the KP and the Toda lattice hierarchies. That is, the Zakharov-Shabat type equations automatically guarantee the existence of the L operators.


Objective Forensic pathology is the main course of forensic science. In order to improve the teaching effect, we discussed the practice of forensic pathology. Methods Understanding the importance of experimental teaching; Ready for the experiment and reasonable arrangement for the experiment content; Various experimental teaching mode; Strengthen the students' experiment process guidance; "the case" teaching; strict test, etc. Results Through the teaching research, we got a better teaching effect. Conclusion In forensic teaching, we should strengthen the experimental teaching.


The aim of this study is to analyse the use of creative drama method by primary school teachers in Maths courses. The study is a descriptive research and case study method was used in this study. Data were garhered from 42 primary school teachers working in Nigde at 2013-2014 academic year through semi-structured interviews with the participants. The collected data were subject to content analysis and teachers' answers fort he open-ended questions were grouped thematically according to similarities and dissimilarities of answers.The created codes related to the participant teachers' opinions were presented separately according to each theme as the form of tables together with frequency and percentage. In addition, a sample from the responses to questions regarding the participant teachers was presented with direct quotations. In conclusion, it is emerged that primary school teachers try to use creative drama in maths courses but not often. As well as, they are aware of its contribution to students learning but they have difficulties with using creative drama method in consequence of students, teaching programme ve physical environment fo classess. Based on these results, some suggestions were made regarding the use of creative drama.


astronomy), the section on Image Coding and Filtering, for example, contains only one paper that really deals with a coding problem as such, and the volume, generally speaking, is one to be consulted for specific reference to individual papers rather than to be read from cover to cover. That said, two exceptions make themselves immediately felt, the first being the eight invited papers which form the first part of the book, each contributed by a well-known worker in the field and which, taken together, form an interesting commentary upon some of the directions which the subject is taking today. The second exception is the report of a panel discussion on the topic 'Which computer architecture for image processing'?, which question has become of great interest in all areas of the field as the topic has matured. It must be said, though, that it is very difficult to capture the true flavour of such a discussion in print and a more coherent presentation could probably have been achieved by some expansion of this section. The standard of presentation of the material is generally high, and the editor is at pains to point out that the papers have not been refereed in order to aid publication in the shortest possible time. Whilst this aim is laudable, a more satisfactory balance (particularly for the permanent form of a book) can always be achieved by more stringent selection and revision, and the contents will then be accurately reflected in the title, which is not really the case here.


3-Bromo-1,1-dimethylprop-2-ynyl carbanilate undergoes base-catalysed cyclisation to give (Z)-4-bromomethylene-5,5-dimethyl-3-phenyloxazolidin-2-one. Bromination of 5,5-dimethyl-4-methylene-3-phenyloxazolidin-2-one, followed by dehydrobromination, gives the E-isomer. The stereoisomers have been characterised by n.m.r. spectroscopy. The stereospecificity of each reaction is rationalised in mechanistic terms.


The aim of this study was to gain an enhanced understanding of how people with multiple sclerosis experience their occupational adaptation. Ten people with multiple sclerosis were interviewed and the constant comparative method was used to analyze the data. Their occupational adaptation was experienced as a constant struggle and non-linear, and served as the means of achieving either a desired self or a desired family life. Adaptations of occupations differed according to the evolving goals of the participants. The findings showed that the participants often selected occupational adaptations to meet their family needs over their own. These findings can help professionals to establish where their clients with multiple sclerosis are in the adaptation process and offer appropriate client-centered interventions. Eva Månsson Lexell, PhD, Reg OT, is Occupational Therapist, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden, and Post Doctoral Fellow, Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. Susanne Iwarsson, PhD, Reg OT, is Professor, Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. Maria Larsson Lund, PhD, Reg OT, is Associate Professor, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Occupational Therapy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden, and Department of Health Sciences, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden. Originally submitted January 15, 2010. Accepted for publication September 1, 2010. Posted online October 28, 2010. The authors have no financial or proprietary interest in the materials presented herein. Address correspondence to Eva Månsson Lexell at firstname.lastname@example.com. doi: 10.3928/15394492-20101025-01 Multiple sclerosis (MS) challenges a person's engagement in occupations. A person's ability to adapt his or her occupations is therefore of great importance for continued engagement. One goal of occupational therapy and rehabilitation is to optimize clients' ability to engage in occupations (Townsend & Polatajko, 2007; Wade & de Jong, 2000), but there is limited knowledge of occupational adaptation in people with MS and how professionals can facilitate this process. MS is a chronic disease with an unpredictable progression. People with MS can experience difficulties engaging in occupations (Finlayson, Impey, Nicolle, & Edwards, 1998; Lexell, Iwarsson, & Lexell, 2006) that force them to struggle constantly to remain engaged (Lexell, Lund, & Iwarsson, 2009; Reynolds & Prior, 2003). Many people with MS therefore state that their identity has changed, which has implications for how they experience their lives (Boeije, Duijnstee, Grypdonck, & Pool, 2002; Lexell et al., 2009; Matuska & Erickson, 2008). Previous research has shown that people with MS need to go through a process of change from feeling that they are "falling ill" to "coming to terms" with their illness (Malcomson, Lowe-Strong, & Dunwoody, 2008; Salick & Auerbach, 2006). Other studies have implied that the process of adaptation may not be linear and that people with chronic illness are forced to repeat their adaptations due to disease-induced deterioration (Charmaz, 1995; Paterson, 2001; Thorén-Jönsson, 2001). However, none of these studies focused specifically on MS or on adaptation in relation to engagement in occupations. Occupational adaptation is defined as the extent to which a person's perceived identity corresponds to his or her competence performing occupations of personal importance in a relevant environment. It is an ongoing process where a person's experiences of his or her previous occupational adaptations will influence novel challenges encountered in the future, and thereby influence his or her ongoing engagement in occupations (Kielhofner, 2008; Schkade &


In posttensioning applications, carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) tendons tend to fail prematurely when used with anchors developed for steel tendons. A new non-metallic anchor for CFRP posttensioning tendons was developed to overcome the problem of premature failure and to provide a completely metal-free posttensioning system. The new anchors, as with conventional steel anchors, hold the tendons through mechanical gripping but without the corrugations between wedges and tendons. Each anchor consists of an outer barrel with a conical bore and 4 wedges. The anchor components are made of ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) developed specifically for this anchor, and the barrel is wrapped with CFRP sheets to provide the confinement necessary to fully utilize the strength and toughness of UHPC. The new concrete has compressive strength in excess of 200 MPa together with excellent durability and fracture toughness. Three mm chopped carbon fibers were incorporated into the UHPC to enhance fracture toughness. A review of the state-of-the-art of anchors for prestressing FRP tendons is introduced, followed by design of the new concrete anchors for posttensioned CFRP tendons.


The increased heat resistance of Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus helveticus grown in mixed culture with Candida krusei, a film-forming yeast, has been observed by Peppler and Frazier (1). The beneficial effect of the film yeast on the bacteria was greatest near the surface of the medium where the yeast grew abundantly. The influence of the yeast was attributable to the combined effect of reduced oxygen tension, reduced acidity, and accessory substances formed during the association with the lactic acid bacteria. It was suggested that other microorganism grown with acid-forming bacteria may increase the activity of the lactic acid bacteria after severe temperature exposures. The present study is a preliminary report of data showing the effect of different caseolytic bacteria on the heat resistance of lactic acid organisms grown in mixed culture in milk. The addition of peptones and malt extract to a reconstituted skimmilk medium is known to increase the rate of acid development and heat resistance of Lad,tobacillus helveticus (2) and Streptococcus thermophilus (3). It is probable that certain proteolytic bacteria grown in whey can produce protein derivatives more available to pure cultures of the acid-forming bacteria than the proteins of milk. Therefore the enrichment of ordinary skimmilk media with small amounts of heat-killed whey cultures of caseolytic bacteria should increase the heat resistance of S. thermophilus and L. helveticus. The following experiments indicate the extent to which such enrichments of milk are a useful method of preparing heat resistant lactic acid bacteria.


Today's rising power densities have been widely cited as the foremost challenge to continued CMOS scaling. In fact, the current power crisis is reminiscent of the final days previous technologies, such as the once popular bipolar and NMOS technologies and even vacuum tubes. How CMOS technology will respond to the current power challenge to extend CMOS scaling to sub-90nm technology is an important question for designer and CAD tool developers alike. With aggressive scaling a number of new challenges have arisen, such as leakage control, heat removal and power supply distribution, that need to be addressed using new design techniques in conjunction with new CAD solutions.This panel brings together experts in circuit design and CAD tool development to discuss the current status of low-power design and provide opinions on what new EDA capabilities are most important in the power-constrained design era. For instance, how will power be distributed in a robust fashion in sub-90nm ICs, and what are the critical EDA analysis and optimization capabilities? What are the best techniques for leakage reduction, not only in standby modes, but also in the active mode? And how far will voltage scaling take us in attacking the dynamic power consumption issue? What will a power-centric design flow look like and how will it change the way we design ICs? The objective of the panel is to explore these issues and formulate a list of critical issues that need to be addressed by the EDA community to enable successful scaling of CMOS into the sub-90nm era.


We study the gains from trade in a model with endogenously variable markups. We show that the pro-competitive gains from trade are large if the economy is characterized by (i) extensive misallocation,i.e., large ineciencies associated with markups, and (ii)a weak pattern of cross-country comparative advantage in individual sectors. We and strong evidence for both of these ingredients using producer-level data for Taiwanese manufacturing establishments. Parameterizations of the model consistent with this data thus predict large pro-competitive gains from trade, much larger than those in standard Ricardian models. In stark contrast to standard Ricardian models, data on changes in trade volume are not sufficient for determining the gains from trade.


The bending magnet line (05B1-1) of the BioMedical Imaging and Therapy (BMIT) facility of the Canadian Light Source saw initial research application (Figure 1) during commissioning which began in December 2008 and continued intermittently through May 2010. Following an initial run based upon letters of intent (June-Dec. 2010), the bending magnet line is now available for regular user access. The mandate to advance research related to human and animal health, combined with an active bone imaging community at the University of Saskatchewan, has resulted in a strong representation of skeletal imaging during initial experiments at BMIT. To date, specific manifestations of bone imaging have ranged from micro-CT imaging of human cortical bone samples to in vitro diffraction enhanced imaging (DEI) of rat and pig bones and, ultimately, to in vivo DEI of bones within young chickens. In this article we focus on the diffraction enhanced imaging capabilities of BMIT and describe our efforts to apply this technology to human trabecular bone microarchitecture – a potential clinical application in the future.


The Code of Criminal Procedure is one of the laws that regulates rights and freedoms, and a means to achieve criminal justice based on a balance between freedom and other rights of the individual on the one hand, and the right of society on the other hand, within the framework of the principle of the rule of law. This law dealt with invalidity as one of the penalties that may result in a breach of the procedural rule, and among those rules is what was decided by Article 100 of the aforementioned law, which regulates the procedures that the judicial police officer must take in the cases in which the defendant is arrested. It explicitly stipulates that its provisions must be observed under pain of nullity.
In view of what the determination of this penalty may entail in judicial applications in terms of affecting the right or interest protected under the rules of the Penal Code, the researchers used the descriptive and analytical approach, and compared it with the corresponding in the Egyptian legislation to clarify its role in ensuring the effectiveness of the management of Criminal justice, and in ensuring the principle of penal procedural legitimacy.
The study showed how stringent the legislator is in determining the invalidity just because of violating a procedural and formal rule that is nothing more than an organizational rule, represented in not organizing the arrest report, which may lead to impunity for the accused, and as a result, the loss of an objective right related to the victim, and violating the public right of the society, and the imbalance of criminal justice. The study concluded with a number of results and recommendations.


Students have difficulty doing practice so that many students who do not engage themselves actively in learning use teaching materials in grade VII SMP science students book the subject matter of changes in objects around us. The teaching materials have not maximally described guided inquiry. The purpose of the study was to produce a prototype of the subject matter material for the change of objects around us based on guided inquiry that is valid, practical and effective to improve science process skills and student learning outcomes. The development research method refers to the Borg and Gall Research and Development (R & D) development model but only reaches the final product improvement stage. The research subjects of seventh grade of SMP 2 Daha Utara were 23 people (12 males, 11 females), seventh grade in SMP 1 Daha Selatan as many as 24 people (13 males, 12 females) and seventh grade students in SMP 5 Daha Selatan as many as 20 people (11 men; 9 women). Students of Daha Utara 2 Public High School and Daha Selatan 1 Junior High School in the experimental class were given treatment with guided inquiry-based teaching material while the control class of Daha Selatan Middle School 5 was treated with student book teaching materials. Before the treatment each class was given a pretest. During the treatment of teachers and students observed 2 observers equipped with observation sheets. After the treatment was given posttest. The results of the study found 87.75% validity (very valid) and readability of 95.83% (very good). The practicality of the experimental class is better than the control class. Guided inquiry-based teaching materials are valid, practical and descriptively effective for improving science process skills and student learning outcomes but inferentially are not effective for improving science process skills and student learning outcomes. Article visualizations:


In this policy essay, I will suggest that there are at least two reasons to doubt the efficacy of monetary penalties in bringing about rehabilitation and restoration in the juvenile justice context. First, I will question whether economic sanctions are truly restorative or rehabilitative. Second, I will discuss the relevance of young offenders' capacity to pay and the impact this has on restoration and rehabilitation.


This week is Spirit week. Because of this, today's Fearless Friday honors a student who has worked tirelessly to promote education around LGBTQ issues. Casey O'Higgins is a senior from Detriot, Michigan, who is majoring in Women & Gender Studies and minoring in English. He is the President of Outerspace, an LGBTQ organization on campus that provides a safe, social space for students in the LGBTQ community and allies to socialize. Casey also works at the Office of LGBTQA Advocacy and Education as one of their program coordinators. In this role, he is responsible for organizing campus events that are geared towards raising awareness about the problems faced by the LGBTQ community. Spirit Week and Bisexual Awareness Day are among the events that Casey has helped to plan. [excerpt]


We report on the generation of dark solitons in an all normal dispersion ytterbium-doped fiber (YDF) laser with a fundamental repetition rate of 293.1 MHz based on nonlinear polarization rotation (NPR) saturable absorber (SA). The mode-locked fiber laser generates dark pulse with a center wavelength of 1037 nm, a 3-dB bandwidth of 4nm, an output power of 4.5 mW, and the signal to noise ratio up to 33 dB. The demonstration of mode-locking operation with high fundamental repetition rate indicates that NPR based SA in normal dispersion cavity can be an effective technique to generate dark solitons for the optical communication applications.


The article is devoted to one important problem of the ratio of various legal theories under the same system, which is associatedwith the process of international cooperation in the legal sphere.As known the system of legal sciences is not a system of co-ordinate ideas, found at one and the same level. It is a hierarchicalstructure of superordinate and subordinate theoretical provisions, whose reciprocal relations are illuminated by the structural analysisundertaken by the Pure Theory of Law (Hans Kelsen). The enquiry into the hierarchical structure of the legal system is the main taskof this article.It was generally accepted that the important step towards the modernization of the systems of legal sciences is the expansion ofinterdisciplinary connections.It is for this purpose that it is necessary together in subordination links to expand coordinate and rewarding relations between scientifictheories. In order to implement this concept, it is proposed to pay attention to the development of the theory of interpretationallaw. During the creation of the lower-level theory, the higher-level general theory determines the content of the special theory.According to the concept presented in the study, the Jurisprudence Systems in European countries are directly formed on the basisof: philosophical hermeneutics, philosophy of common sense and the doctrine of European legal interpretivism.Thus, this paper presents theoretical and methodological frameworks to be taken as a basis of a new civil law interpretation theoryelaboration. Such theory is anticipated to become the basic ideas system of private law convergence, in particular Europeanization ofcontract law, through the coordination of the national legal interpretation institutes.The proposals stemming from this work directed to to solve the praxeological problems of the legal interpretation efficiency inthe context of the Ukrainian private law Europeanization.


e17117 Background: The preoperative differentiation of a uterine fibroid from a sarcoma is still a pending clinical problem. Currently with the suspicion of a sarcoma (LMS) the more invasive open surgical approach is recommended to minimise the risk of LMS fragmentation and distribution. In a minority of cases, a malignancy is indicated by clinical suspicion, pre-surgical imaging or routine serum blood samples (SBS). Our hypothesis postulates higher VEGF levels in LMS compared to fibroid patients in the pre-surgical SBS. To assess this hypothesis, SBS were taken from patients with the clinical suspicion of LMS after informed consent and analysed after histology confirmed the diagnosis. Methods: Case series of patients with suspected LMS over a 4year time period. Analysis was performed via SBS collected from LMS- and fibroid patients before surgery. Serum VEGF protein was measured by ELISA. The final tumor histology was obtained from the report of the institutional pathologist. VEGF-serum levels were then compared between fibroid and LMS patients using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test. Results: 25 patient SBS were collected prior to surgery. In 9 cases the histopathology confirmed a LMS, with heterogeneous pTNM classifications. On average, VEGF serum levels were higher in the LMS patients as compared to the fibroid patients (628,96 pg/ml vs 351,91 pg/ml; further statistics see Table 1); however, the difference was not statistically significant (Mann-Whitney-U Test, p = 0.141). Conclusions: This proof-of-concept study with a small sample size of pre-surgical SBS indicates that VEGF serum levels may be increased in patients with histologically confirmed LMS; however, larger sample sizes are needed to validate our findings. If additional studies confirm a pronounced increase in pre-surgical serum VEGF levels in LMS patients, serum VEGF levels might routinely be used to assess the risk for a LMS in patients presenting with clinical uterine fibroids. [Table: see text]


Orientation arrangement of methylammonium ions in hybrid organic−inorganic perovskite is still under debate because their tendency for alignment is expected to give rise to either ferroelectric or anti-ferroelectric behavior, which may influence the perovskite device performance. To resolve the debate surrounding the alignment of the organic cations in perovskite materials, we studied the dipole orientation by analysing the dielectric properties of the material. The dielectric permittivity has been investigated as a function of temperature with the data analysed using the Kirkwood–Frohlich–Onsager theory. From these results, we provide experimental evidence of the anti-parallel arrangement of methylammonium ions in hybrid organic−inorganic perovskite.


With the continuous development and expansion of the city, the industrial center of the city has gradually shifted to the emerging industrial area or the outskirts. The industrial building remains that were originally located in the city center have been left behind. The development of the site often adopts the development method of "buy the casket without the jewels ", while the development method of "buy the casket with the jewels "is few, and which development method is more valuable.Taking Laolongkou distillery as an example, this paper makes a comparative analysis in order to provide reference for the site development of industrial building remains.


This article based on the results of the programme for international student assessment (P.I.S.A.) for Spain and seeing that Spanish students are below the general average according to the organization for economic cooperation and development (O.E.C.D.), presents lines of performance so that the competence of our students will improve. The director of P.I.S.A. assessment recommended Spain in order to acquire better academic results, to work less memory capacity and to develop more problem-solving abilities of daily life. Furthermore, he encouraged teachers to create thinkers to participate in team work and in more creative activities. As good professionals, we have the obligation of teaching our students the capacity of self-discovery, of personal opinion. In fact, our students should be able to learn how to learn and in order to do so, we have considered that the new neurodidactic methodology adapts to our student's needs. The conclusions of this article present proposals for improvement regarding the educational field.