Microalgae cultivation can be made sustainable on a
large-scale by lowering the costs associated with
closed photobioreactors (PBRs). It can be achieved
through the appropriate design of closed PBRs to
achieve maximum productivity. The cultivation of
microalgae is very sensitive to temperature, pH,
shear stress, irradiance, and operating conditions of
the PBR. The understanding of design parameters is
a prerequisite for scale-up of gas-sparged vertical
column PBRs. The hydrodynamics of gas-sparged
vertical column PBRs play a very critical role in the
optimum production of microalgae and avoiding
the carbon loss (unabsorbed CO2 out of total supplied).
In this article, the effects of design parameters
on microalgae productivity in various
vertical column PBRs, i.e., flat panel, bubble column,
and airlift (draft tube) column, are critically
reviewed. The microalgae production in PBRs is
essentially a three-phase operation. Hence, the
hydrodynamic aspects of two- and three-phase flow
in the vertical column PBR are emphasized with
respect to its scale-up prospect. The flow regimes
and CFD modeling aspects of gas-sparged PBRs are
also covered in this review.


Many decades of work have been invested in the area of distributed transactions including protocols such as 2PC, Paxos, and various approaches to quorum. These protocols provide the application programmer a facade of global serializability. Personally, I have invested a nontrivial portion of my career as a strong advocate for the implementation and use of platforms providing guarantees of global serializability. My experience over the last decade has led me to liken these platforms to the Maginot Line. In general, application developers simply do not implement large scalable applications assuming distributed transactions. When they attempt to use distributed transactions, the projects founder because the performance costs and fragility make them impractical. Natural selection kicks in... 1 The Maginot Line was a huge fortress that ran the length of the Franco-German border and was constructed at great expense between World War I and World War II. It successfully kept the German army from directly crossing the border between France and Germany. It was quickly bypassed by the Germans in 1940 who invaded through Belgium. This article is published under a Creative Commons License Agreement (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/). You may copy, distribute, display, and perform the work, make derivative works and make commercial use of the work, but you must attribute the work to the author and CIDR 2007. 3 Biennial Conference on Innovative DataSystems Research (CIDR) January 7-10, Asilomar, California USA. Instead, applications are built using different techniques which do not provide the same transactional guarantees but still meet the needs of their businesses. This paper explores and names some of the practical approaches used in the implementations of large-scale mission-critical applications in a world which rejects distributed transactions. We discuss the management of fine-grained pieces of application data which may be repartitioned over time as the application grows. We also discuss the design patterns used in sending messages between these repartitionable pieces of data. The reason for starting this discussion is to raise awareness of new patterns for two reasons. First, it is my belief that this awareness can ease the challenges of people hand-crafting very large scalable applications. Second, by observing the patterns, hopefully the industry can work towards the creation of platforms that make it easier to build these very large applications.


Objective:To study the correlation between mental health and the level of postoperative pain. Methods:A double-blind,prospective study was performed in 61 patients with aparoscopic cholecystectomy .Their psychological factors were evaluated by the symptoms checklist(SCL-90)on the day before operation,and the level of postoperative pain were measured by a Visual Analogue Scale(VAS)and Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ)at 8h and 24h after operation.Results:The score of SCL-90 had positive correlation with the score of VAS and SF-MPQ in the patients after operation( r 0.7, P 0.01).Conclusion:The preoperative stress has significant effect on the level of postoperative pain.


The "literary" radio play flourished in Germany in the 1950's and early 60's, until it gradually gave way to different, essentially a-literary and therefore unreadable variants. In recent years, it has achieved some modest popularity in intermediate language and translation courses. Since the first college-oriented collection of texts by Herbert Reichert, several suitably edited anthologies and single works have been published in this country, and radio plays have also found a place in less specialized readers alongside the traditional genres of prose, drama and poetry.' The qualities recommending the radio play as a vehicle for language instruction are mainly its limited length and relative simplicity of action and style. Another advantage lies in the fact that by its very nature the radio play is superbly suited for presentation in the language laboratory.


A 55-year-old man was admitted with Wernicke ́s aphasia and history of progressive headache in the past three weeks. Computed tomography showed a temporal lobar hemorrhage, transverse sinus thrombosis and suggested a dural arteriovenous fistula (DAF) (Figure 1). Digital subtraction angiography confirmed the DAF, which was successfully treated with embolization (Figure 2). DAF is a rare abnormal connection between dural veins and dural or pachymeningeal branches of cerebral arteries. DAF was reported in 1.6% of patients diagnosed with CVT, which in turn causes 0.5-1% of all strokes1,2. Prompt diagnosis of DAF in patients with CVT is crucial for appropriate treatment.


This paper aims to summarize the current changes in education concerning the use of innovative teaching methods and to understand the opinion on technology and its educational uses of both teachers and pupils. While pupils' grasp of their learning is a relatively underexplored field in educational research, it is paramount for effective lifelong learning. Our investigation focuses on the following aspects: the differences in the use of digital tools by the two groups, the motivations leading to certain uses and/or non-uses, the teachers' pedagogical perspectives and their views on how ICT can contribute to the learning environment, their considerations on the current situation. We used focus groups to explore the subjects' perspectives on innovative learning strategies, particularly ICT-based ones. In the final section, we consider future perspectives. Such assessments promote valid decision-making regarding to education and help in designing adequate learning experience to achieve effective learning objectives. Our findings point towards learning through collaboration and show that technologies can facilitate the learning process in cases of full participation by both teachers and students. The best learning environment, we discovered, is the one where teachers are no longer all-knowing controllers of activities but co-explorers together with the children.


Background and Objectives  John Milton Hagen (JMH) antigens are carried by Semaphorin 7A that plays important roles in the nervous system and the immune responses. Its role on the erythrocytes is unclear. Over the years, few samples were referred to our Immunohaematology Reference Laboratory to elucidate their JMH status.


Abstract Enantioselective formation of indolines was achieved through desymmetrization of α,α-bis(2-iodobenzyl)glycines under the catalysis of copper(I) iodide and (2S,3aS,7aS)-octahydro-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid. An unexpected inversion of enantioselectivity was observed when achiral additives such as 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)pyridine were added which work together with the ligand. The configuration-reversed products were obtained in moderate yields as well as moderate ee values.


Textiles and Apparel (T&A) sector is one of the most significant industrial sectors and plays a major role
towards contribution to national economy, employment generation and exports in developing countriesand
most essential consumer goods industry. However, textile industry is accused of being one of the most
polluting industries. Not only production but consumption of textiles also produces waste. To counter the
problem, textile industry has taken many measures for reducing its negative contribution towards
environment. One of such measures is textile recycling- the reuse as well as reproduction of fibers from textile
waste. Recycling can be done through thermal, material, chemical and mechanical processes. Textile
recycling is beneficial for environmental and economic conditions, reducing demand for textile chemicals,
requirement of landfill space is reduced, consumption of less energy and reducing of water wastage. Market
research, and efforts are needed to increase consumer awareness and to encourage manufacturers to
increase the use of recycled textile waste into new products. Fashion consumption and sustainability are
often opposing ideas. Fashion consumption is a highly resource-intensive, wasteful practice; and sustainability
frowns on wasteful consumption. Sustainability in the fashion business is still an emerging agenda, not yet
established, and many authors have recognised the importance of investigating how sustainability could be
achieved


Theoretical and experimental work was done to find a way to prevent cable movement in underground cable splices, and an attempt was made to cope with the phenomenon known as creepage. By anchoring the cable to the splice, residual pulling tension, thermal stress, and creepage was counteracted. To prevent cable movement the cable was reinforced with stainless steel tension members that keep the cable in position by a spring action. Cable creepage is analyzed, and the cable and splice design is described. Following satisfactory demonstration in field tests, a 275 kV high-pressure fluid-filled (HPFF) cable incorporating the new splices was used in a newly installed HPFF cable line. >


A series of single-component Sr3Lu(PO4)3:Eu2+,Mn2+ phosphors were successfully synthesized by solid-state reaction, and their photoluminescence properties were investigated. The Sr3Lu(PO4)3:Eu2+,Mn2+ phosphor system was efficiently excited at wavelength ranging from 250 to 420 nm, which is well-matched with ultraviolet (UV) light-emitting diode (LED) chips. As a result of fine-tuning of the emission composition of the Eu2+ and Mn2+ ions, warm white light emission can be realized by combining the emission of Eu2+ and Mn2+ in a single host lattice under UV light excitation. Efficient resonant energy transfer from the Eu2+ to Mn2+ ions was demonstrated to be a dipole–quadrupole mechanism in such system, and the energy transfer efficiency increases with an increase in the Mn2+ doping content, which was confirmed by the luminescence spectra and fluorescence decay curves. In addition, the energy transfer efficiency and critical distance were also calculated. The results indicate that the developed phosphor can ...


Editorials in general fall under persuasive texts.These types of texts intend to persuade the readers over a certain issue or topic.Hence persuasion involves the use of persuasive elements(opinion words and expressions)and facts presented in the form of arguments.A closer look at editorials reveals that they consist of an argumentation structure consisting of an opening statement(also known as the conclusion in argumentation theory[6,7,12,13,15]),which in turn is supported by other statements(known as the supports in argumentation theory)for or against the conclusion.These supports as well as the conclusion can be either facts or opinions.The underlying supports for or against a conclusion may be further developed,illustrated,justified,elaborated etc.by means of text fragments,also widely known as rhetoric relations[11]. The proposed work is aimed towards analyzing the argumentation structure and the strengths of arguments in news editorials thus determining the persuasiveness inherent in the texts.The result is a discourse analysis of opinions as stated in editorial texts producing a kind of dedicated semantic representation. Ultimately, the analyzed argumentation structure would be used to construct a synthesis of positive and negative arguments on a particular topic from one or several editorials(single or multiple sources)over a common date or a span of time.Such a synthesis can provide a relatively true view of how an event has been perceived by the public in general and is of much interest to journalists, public figures and political analysts.We also will be analyzing the change in opinions taking time as an evaluative factor for change as reported in [8,9].In order to automate the analysis as well as the synthesis construction process,we would be developing a computational model that would suggest methods and appropriate techniques.The manually annotated texts and collected editorials would serve as training data and test data respectively for validating the computation model over ideal outputs[1]. Currently, the work is in its preliminary stage,primarily focused towards analyzing the different facets of supports and rhetorical relations required for an adequate semantic-pragmatic analysis of the underlying argumentation structures in editorials.In parallel with the analysis,we are also in the process of specifying tags for annotating editorials in order to establish patterns characteristic to the different facets of support.We noted that the opinions and the argumentation structure in editorials are not so apparent and structured,which makes synthesis construction a challenging task.


This article analyses the seemingly well known terms internationalism and isolationism. Both have a long history of use in the study of American foreign relations, but there are problems with both that limit their descriptive and analytical utility. Their limitations have been addressed before, yet they are still commonly used and remain popular among scholars and the wider public, partly due to the ease with which the history of American foreign relations can be simplistically defined as an ongoing struggle between the forces of isolationism and internationalism. Through an analysis of both terms, as well as a consideration of their use by historians and political scientists and with due respect to the transatlantic focus of this journal, this article looks to salvage the meaning of these terms, and more importantly, to move beyond them and find more accurate expressions.


Most control techniques in the structural engineering literature are aimed at improving performance of the primary structural part, but they may have limited or reverse effect on the nonstructural component during strong seismic events. In this paper, we emphasize the nonstructural performance using a cubic nonlinear active control system optimized in the frequency response functions of an SDOF nonlinear isolator. An eight-story base isolated benchmark building recently proposed by the ASCE community is studied as a demonstration. Both the structural and nonstructural performance indices are proposed in this research. We compare our cubic control effect with that of an LQG-based semiactive damping control system. It is shown from the simulation results that, in most design cases, the cubic control system has much better nonstructural performance while still maintaining good performance of the primary structural part. Further research of this cubic control system is also addressed.


The aim of this paper is to resume the debate about the theological concepts of potentia Dei absoluta and potentia Dei ordinata, not starting from the point of view of necessity, bound to divine action and the established order of the world, but rather from contingency. Thanks to the establishment of the Ockhamist position and the theological revolution of Duns Scotus. Thanks to the establishment of the Ockhamist position and the theological revolution of Duns Scotus, contingency becomes one of the most important topics of the XIV century debates.


In 1962 the United States Supreme Court affirmed in Baker v. Carr^ that judicial redress could be sought to compel a state to reapportion its legislature. Two years later the Court applied the "one man, one vote" standard to both Congressional districts {Wesberry v. Sanders^) and state legislative districts {Reynolds v. Si'ms-^), and in 1968 applied the standard to local governments as well {Avery v. Midland County^). In all these cases the Court asserted that the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment required that legislative districts be as nearly equal in population as practically possible.


The Internet of Things (IoT), often referred as the future Internet; is a collection of interconnected devices integrated into the world-wide network that covers almost everything and could be available anywhere. IoT is an emerging technology and aims to play an important role in saving money, conserving energy, eliminating gap and better monitoring for intensive management on a routine basis. On the other hand, it is also facing certain design constraints such as technical challenges, social challenges, compromising privacy and performance tradeoffs. This paper surveys major technical limitations that are hindering the successful deployment of the IoT such as standardization, interoperability, networking issues, addressing and sensing issues, power and storage restrictions, privacy and security, etc. This paper categorizes the existing research on the technical constraints that have been published in the recent years. With this categorization, we aim to provide an easy and concise view of the technical aspects of the IoT. Furthermore, we forecast the changes influenced by the IoT. This paper predicts the future and provides an estimation of the world in year 2020 and beyond.


This research examines the renewal of contextual Islamic law discovery methods that function to answer the challenges of the times and social dynamics. As an initial step in the reconstruction of fiqh, this research seeks to explain a solution offered by fiqh methods, namely a unified approach to shari'ah and social inference. In simple terms, this method seeks to bridge and integrate textual (normative) and contextual (historical-empirical) approaches. The basic assumption is that this effort will be beneficial for alternative methods of discovering Islamic law in this multi-cultural and religious era. This research is a literature study (library research) using a juridical, historical, and philosophical approach to answer the problems above. This study concludes that there are three methods of ijtihad, namely bayani (linguistics), ta'lili (qiyasi: causation), and istislahi (teleological). These three are common methods used in discovering and forming fiqh civilizations from time to time. By bringing empirical reality into the analysis of legal findings, there will be little guarantee that Islamic law in Indonesia can appear more creative and alive in the midst of modern social regulatory processes. As for the effort to renew the method of discovering Islamic law with a contextual approach in the form of historical and textual inference analysis, this is an ideal intellectual achievement. there will be little guarantee that Islamic law in Indonesia can appear more creative and live in the midst of modern social regulatory processes. As for the effort to renew the method of discovering Islamic law with a contextual approach in the form of historical and textual inference analysis, this is an ideal intellectual achievement. there will be little guarantee that Islamic law in Indonesia can appear more creative and live in the midst of modern social regulatory processes. As for the effort to renew the method of discovering Islamic law with a contextual approach in the form of historical and textual inference analysis, this is an ideal intellectual achievement


This Resource Letter provides a guide to some of the the introductory and review literature in string theory. It is in no way complete, though it is intended to be of use to students at several levels. Owing to the nature of the subject, even much of the introductory literature is quite technical by the standards of many Resource Letters, requiring prior knowledge of quantum field theory and general relativity. This Resource Letter is thus somewhat different from others. The first part describes a few more popular accounts of string theory, which are primarily addressed to the general public, but those with an understanding of basic physics will be able to read them more deeply and so obtain a useful rough orientation to the field. The second part describes resources that are available at the advanced undergraduate level, and the balance describes string resources for more advanced students. The latter ranges from general introductions to recent review articles on branes and black holes, gauge/gravity duality, string field theory, non-commutative geometry, non-BPS branes, tachyon condensation, phenomenology, brane worlds, orbifolds, Calabi-Yau manifolds, and holography. These describe the unification of superstring theories by M-theory, concentrating on aspects of superalgebras and properties of branes.


The main objective of present study was to find out the relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Self Confidence of Adolescents. To achieve this objective, Emotional Intelligence test by Prof. K.S.Misra (2008) and Self-Confidence inventory by Dr. R. Agnihotri (1987) were used. The sample consists of 200 adolescents o f various school selected randomly from Ludhiana District of Punjab, India. The sample was equally categorized between Male ‐ Female and Urban‐ Rural adolescent. The results revealed that there exists a significant relationship betwee n emotional intelligence and self confidence of adolescents. It means that emotional intelligence affects the self confidence


Computerized instrument measures effective focal lengths to 0.01 percent accuracy. Laser interferometers measure mirror angle and stage coordinate y in instrument for accurate measurment of focal properties of optical systems. Operates under computer control to measure effective focal length, focal surface shape, modulation transfer function, and astigmatism.


To get rid of the troubles suffered by the two constructions of the $c$-boundary [R. Geroch, E. H. Kronheimer, and R. Penrose, Proc. R. Soc. London A327, 545 (1972); R. Budic and R. K. Sachs, J. Math. Phys. 15, 1302 (1974)], Racz and Szabados, respectively, suggested modified constructions [I. R\'acz, Phys. Rev. D 36, 1673 (1987); L. B. Szabados; Class. Quantum Grav. 5, 121 (1988); Class. Quantum Grav.6, 77 (1989)]. It is shown in the present paper that each of these modifications gives an unsatisfactory topological structure near the $c$-boundary in some examples.


As the demand for very high speed wireless communication in many areas is growing rapidly,from several hundred Mbps to dozens of Gbps,high speed wireless communication is becoming a hotspot of communication,and much progress has been made in recent years.In this paper,the recent research progress and achievements of three high speed wireless communication systems,namely microwave millimeter-wave communication system,Free Space Optical(FSO) communication system and terahertz communication system,are described in detail.The technical routes,pros and cros of these systems are also analyzed respectively,and the modulation and demodulation methods used in these systems are emphasized.The trends of high speed wireless communication are expected and forecasted.


The "July 1"speech by General Secretory Jiang Zemin is a Marxist programmatic document. It is important and powerful. Studying well, implementing and acting on the Speech spirit, especially the "three represents" theory is of vital importance for the work of our university both at present and in the future. We need to earnestly study, implement and act on the essential points of President Jiang Zemin's important speech on July 1. We need to work hard to promote the reform, continue the development and maintain the stabilization.


BACKGROUND
Longitudinal studies of cardiac function in long-term childhood cancer survivors are scarce and frequently concern a median follow-up shorter than 13 years.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
Cardiac assessment was performed in 22 doxorubicin-treated long-term survivors of a malignant bone tumour at median 22 years (range 15-27.5) post-treatment. Age at follow-up was 39 years (range 27-59) and cumulative dose of doxorubicin was 360 mg/m(2) (range 225-550). Cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography and (24-h) ECG. The results were compared with those of earlier assessments at 9 years (1992) and 14 years (1997) post-treatment.

RESULTS
Systolic dysfunction was found in 27% (9% in 1997; P = 0.02) and diastolic dysfunction in 45% (18% in 1997; P = 0.02). Heart rate variability showed further deterioration compared with earlier results.

CONCLUSIONS
Twenty-two years after doxorubicin-treatment, bone tumour survivors showed progressive cardiac dysfunction.


High-risk obstetricians are accustomed to uncertainty-in fact, we have limited ability to predict the outcomes of even the most common clinical scenarios we encounter. For example: when will a short cervix lead to a periviable delivery? When will delivery occur following preterm premature rupture of membranes? Which macrosomic infants will experience a shoulder dystocia during vaginal birth? When will a term patient go into spontaneous labor?


During projects executing time,if one of the tasks of the project takes long time than planning by some reason,the project can not finished as planning,so the project is rescheduling.The thesis proposes a model for resourceconstraints multiple projects rescheduling to satisfy the objective that the result of the rescheduling has the least impact on the original project scheduling,finds a heuristic algorithm,and processes an effective verification.


: The spatial and temporal distribution of hosts is crucial in determining the feeding behaviour of hematophagous insects. We explored the spatial distribution of ornithophilic mosquitoes along the vertical axis in four locations covered with forests in Sri Lanka, i.e. Hanthana forest reserve (HAN), Halgolla forest reserve (HAL), Peradeniya university park (UOP), and Gampola (GAM). Mosquitoes were collected using bird-baited traps set at different height levels; 1 m (forest floor), 3 m (understory vegetation), and 6 m (canopy level), from 6.00-10.00 p.m. in 20 sampling sessions. Mosquitoes were identified using standard taxonomic keys and DNA barcodes of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I ( COI ) gene. A total of 1212 mosquitoes belonging to 15 species and seven genera were collected and the highest numbers were reported from canopy level [HAN (219; 53.3%), HAL (93; 49.5%), GAM (136; 45.5%), and UOP (163; 51.7%)]. Culex pseudovishnui was the only species distributed evenly along the vertical axis. Although the mosquito abundance was significantly different along with three height levels, the diversity was not significantly different. Generalized feeders were common in patchy forests located close to human settlements and more specialized feeders were found close to natural forests. The findings of the study are important in understanding the interaction between ornithophilic mosquitoes with residing avifauna in each forest strata.


In a conventional spot welding gun, since pressurizing force due to a movable electrode is measured by a pressure sensor at each of a plurality of attitudes, calibration work is complicated. A spot welding system includes a spot welding gun having an opposite electrode, a movable electrode, and a drive part, a position detection part that detects a position of the movable electrode, and a pressure change calculation part that calculates an amount of change between first pressurizing force at a first attitude and second pressurizing force at a second attitude based on a first position of the movable electrode when the drive part has been driven by a first pressurizing force command at the first attitude, a second position of the movable electrode when the drive part has been driven by the first pressurizing force command at the second attitude, and the first pressurizing force command. The first pressurizing force command and the first pressurizing force coincide with each other.


The application of the Kalman filter to the solution of a variety of problems in analytical chemistry is reviewed. Five examples are selected from the literature to illustrate the use of Kalman filtering techniques for obtaining least‐squares estimates fo several parameters of analytical importance. These examples include multicomponent curve resolution and concentration estimation, correction for variable background responses, calibration with drift compensation, and estimation of kinetic parameters for first‐order reactions and for heterogeneous charge‐transfer reactions. An adaptive Kalman filtering technique is required for the solution of the background correction problem, and the extended Kalman filter algorithm is required for the solution of the nonlinear kinetic problems. For each case, the results that were obtained are summarized, and some advantages of Kalman filtering over traditional least‐squares approaches are discussed.


THE CORROSION OF CARBON BLACK ANODES IN ALKALINE ELECTROLYTE N. Current Efficiencies for Oxygen Evolution from Metal Oxide Impregnated Graphitized Furnace Blacks Norbert Staud• , Harvey Sokol and Philip N. Ross, Jr. Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory Materials and Chemical Sciences Div. Berkeley, CA 94720 A quantitative method for determining the number of oxygenated carbon atoms in a carbon black sample was developed and applied to the study of oxygen chemisorption on graphitized furnace blacks. It was found that chemisorption of oxygen atoms produced in a low pressure microwave discharge of argon/ oxygen results in the fonnation of an oxygen complex on every carbon atom exposed on the edge plane surface of these carbons. These combined procedures were then used to titrate the surfaces of a variety of graphitized furnace blacks for the number of edge atoms. The corrosion rate of these carbons was found to be directly proportional to the number of sites titrated by oxygen atom chemisorption, i.e. the number of edge atoms. The number of edge atoms exposed on the surface of graphitized furnace blacks depends on the microstructure of the precursor carbon black and the conditions of graphitization. Catalyzation of these graphitized carbons by NiO has little or no effect on their corrosion rate, which results in current efficiencies for oxygen evolution greater than 98%. The absence of an effect of NiO on the corrosion rate is attributed to the specificity of the corrosion reaction to edge plane sites and an apparent necessity for contact between NiO particles with edge plans for catalyzation of the corrosion reaction by NiO. NiO particles sitting on basal planes, which compose at least 90% of the surface area in these carbons, catalyze only the oxygen evolution reaction. • Present address: IBM Magnetic Recording Institute, Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA, 95120-6099


Lowness of the nutrition Awareness family (Kadarzi) percentage only 29,6%. Low birth weight about 104 cases on January until July of 2018 at the Arifin Achmad Regional Hospital. Facing the lack behavior in the in the healthy lifestyle as long as the pregnancy. This study aimed to examine the effectivity of the poster media as the reach effort to Kadarzi at the Arifin Achmad Regional Hospital of Riau Province. Type of the study was analytic descriptive with desain used in this study quasi experiment pretest posttest one group with quantitative methods. The instrument used poster media and questionnaire. The study sample was 48 respondents with puerperal maternal and mothers which has the baby and infant. Educational messages developed were advice exclusive breastfeeding,weighing for children under five regularly, eating the iodine salt, eating the variant food, consuming the supplement as the patter. Data was analyzed by using t Dependen test. There was effectivity of the poster media as the education strategic for the medical, puerperal maternal and maternal which had the baby and infant as the reach Kadarzi at the Arifin Achmad Infirmary of Riau (p=0,000). Conclusion: the nutrition education posters which were made fairly, simple, easy to understand and universal effective were able to improve the nutritional knowledge of puerperial, and infant mother


When using the Shape-From-Focus (SFF) approach to reconstruct 3-D profile for minute object such as BGA, it was found that the alignment of the image series become quite difficult. In addition, the image shift in terms of image position is nonlinear. In order to overcome this problem, the position shift for each frame was calculated, and images were reconstructed using the interpolation technology. It was found that the quality of 3-D profile reconstructed is greatly improved. In this paper, we also test a couple focus measures. It was found that using a Gaussian smoothing operator between the sum operator and the enhanced modified Laplacian had a better performance than others. After the calculation of the focus measure, there are several approaches to determine the surface profile for each individual image pixel. Medium filter without Gaussian fitting was suggested for shape determination after this test. Although the cloud data are still a little bit noisy, but with shape fitting, the ball height and the ball radius can be properly calculated.


ABSTRACT Given the enormity of the climate crisis, the transformative potential of 'everyday' activism is often questioned. In this theoretical discussion, I explore the real-world significance of everyday activism by children and youth. First, I emphasize the need for top-down policy change as well as bottom-up cultural shifts. Next, I describe the significance of young people's everyday activism through the lens of countercultures, while highlighting agency-limiting practices common in present-day formal educational settings. Lastly, I call for participatory and arts-based approaches in facilitating youths' everyday climate crisis activism, noting its potential micro-level benefits and its relationship to macro-level social change.


This study has three main objectives: (1) to develop new, theory-based, queuing relationships for the quality of flow on two-lane rural highways; (2) to estimate the relationships both from the empirical data that were collected on 15 two-lane rural highways and from the queuing models that were developed; and (3) to propose a new level-of-service variable that measures the quality of the flow both inside and between platoons. The paper presents five flow-characteristic measures for two-lane rural highways: the flow, the average platoon length, the traffic intensity, the percent-time-spent following, and the freedom of flow. It is shown that the five measures can be calculated from easily collectible data parameters and also from empirical models related to the two-way flow that are developed based on the field-data collected. It is proposed that the level of service be estimated from the freedom-of-flow parameter η, which is developed in the paper. The relationship between η and the two-way flow is calibrated from traffic observations. Level-of-service thresholds, based on the flow and on η are presented and discussed.


In early June 2014, a radiosonde intercomparison trial was undertaken at the SGP Central Facility site with the goal of quantifying the relative performance of the RS92-SGP/MW31 and RS41-SG/MW41 radiosondes/systems. The June time period at SGP represents a springtime mid-latitude convective environment where the extensive remote sensing observations at the SGP site were used to further quantify the environment during the intercomparison. Over the course of five days (3 - 8 June) a total of 20 balloon launches were completed with efforts to sample the entire diurnal cycle and a variety of cloud conditions


It is well known that in an era of emerging use of ICT in nursing education and health care it is important to have knowledge of the attitudes towards ICT within the profession. However, nursing students and nurses have been notoriously reluctant to embrace/implement ICT in their work and studies.This paper focuses on the construction of ICT-habitus amongst bachelor nursing students displayed by four positions of attitudes that describe the ICT-habitus of the group of nursing students included [under consideration] in the study. Quotes from the students are used to support and illustrate the findings. The methodical approach was based on Pierre Bourdieu's multi-faceted data collection approach and Steiner Kvale's technical guidelines for interviewing were used for conducting focus group interviews.In order to carry out the construction a mapping of ICT implementation in the Danish primary and secondary education and nursing education from 1970 – 2001 was undertaken. A questionnaire concerning attitudes towards ICT in Healthcare was conducted amongst first year students and focus group interviews were completed. A bibliography and other sources has been included. These datasets made it possible to construct the field of ICT in nursing education and +to construct nursing students' ICT habitus and ICT capital, which was were categorized in four descriptive positions, called "The endorser", "The sceptic", "The adversary" and "The critical".These positions can be used for developing strategies for implementing ICT and development of e-learning in educational and clinical settings for nursing students, thereby contributing with new knowledge and understanding of the ICT-based learning context and the processes within.


This paper presents our framework that tries to improve software product risk management by applying some sequential processes during operational life cycle of the product. The framework is called SPRMQ (a framework for Software Product Risk Management based on Quality attributes and operational life cycle) which attempts to manage software product risk. SPRMQ consists of four processes used to manage risk of software product: identifying risk factors, analyzing risk probabilities and its effects on product quality, risk mitigation, and risk monitoring. SPRMQ uses brainstorming to identify risk factors and probability/impact approach with some modifications to analyze risk based on quality attributes: Functionality, Reliability, Performance, Efficiency, and Maintainability. To mitigate risk, SPRMQ uses three strategies: avoidance, minimization, and contingency. If risk cannot be acceptable SPRMQ framework uses avoidance strategy. If risk can be acceptable and can be reduced, SPRMQ uses minimization strategy, but if risk cannot be reduced, SPRMQ uses contingency strategy. SPRMQ framework is applied to Admission and Registration System (ARS) of University of Science and Technology (UST). Testing results show that using SPRMQ, project/risk manager can effectively manage a software product by measuring the impact of risks that may happen in three risk levels: high, medium, or low.


With a view to changing the traditional model of English writing, this essay attempts to study English writing from the viewpoint of text linguistics. The theory of theme and rheme is applied to the text analysis. This essay studies a text from grammatical, semantic and pragmatic aspects and arranges all the materials into a text through macroscopic integrating.


Pyrotechnic initiators having a gap or a through bulkhead material between donor and acceptor are used to ignite more difficult-to-ignite energetic materials. The operability of initiator depends on the shock sensitivity of gap and high explosive combination. A gap test is a standardized test to quantify shock sensitivity of an acceptor that one tries to characterize. The critical thickness of a gap whose shock characteristics are known a priori is measured as the acceptor charge is detonated at a corresponding pressure [1,2]. The gap test has one great advantage over other commonly used method for measuring the sensitivity such as drop-weight impact test [3]. It has been reported that the critical gap thickness, under highly controlled circumstances, is quite reproducible with the error less than a fraction of a millimeter [4]. The components for the test consists of four parts: donor charge, attenuating gap, acceptor charge and a witness block. The four components are arranged in series as such a donor is detonated first by an electrical means. The shock wave generated by the detonation reaches the gap and its strength attenuates while passing through the gap of a specified thickness. The transmitted shock wave then may or may not trigger the acceptor charge depending on the level of attenuation of the triggering shock wave. If detonated, a hole is created at the witness block. Otherwise, the block suffers a minor geometric deformation. Here, gap thickness is adjusted and the test is repeated until a critical thickness (go/nogo) is witnessed for the test sample (acceptor charge). A critical gap thickness for which the acceptor has 50% probability of being detonated, provides the quantification of shock sensitivity of the acceptor charge [5,6]. In this paper, we attempt to defining a clear multi-material analysis for a standardized large-scale gap test (LSGT) that is comprised of donor (Pentolite), gap (PMMA), and an acceptor (heavily aluminized RDX). The full scale numerical simulation is performed which provides the quantitative sensitivity response of the system. The donor charge is comprised of 50% RDX (cyclotrimethylene-trinitramine, C3H6N6O6), 35% aluminum powder, and 15% HTPB (hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene) binder. Its initial density after pressing is 1.78 g/cc. The results provide the complex shock interaction structure, the critical gap thickness, and the corresponding detonation characteristics within the acceptor charge following the complex interaction with PMMA gap. All the results are compared against the experimental measurements, which are used in the initial designing of a new pyrotechnic initiator.


An analysis of W{gamma} events found in 73.0 pb{sup -1} collected with the D0 detector during Tevatron Run 1b is presented. Forty-six candidate events are observed with a predicted background of 13.2 events. The total cross section for p{bar p} {yields} W{gamma} + X (for p{sub T}{sup {gamma}} > 10 GeV/c and {Delta}R{sub e{gamma}} > 0.7) times the branching ratio of W bosons to electrons is measured to be: {sigma}(p{bar p} {yields} W{gamma} + X) x BR(W {yields} e{nu}) = 11.19{sub -2.32}{sup +2.66} {+-} 0.61 (syst) {+-} 0.56 (lum) pb. 95% confidence level limits on the CP-conserving anomalous coupling parameters are set using a fit to the photon transverse energy spectrum of the events with a three-body transverse cluster mass greater than 90 GeV/c{sup 2}. The results are: -1.4 < {Delta}{kappa} < 1.4 ({lambda} = 0) and -0.5 < {lambda} < 0.5 ({Delta}{kappa} = 0) with similar limits are set on the CP-violating coupling parameters {bar {kappa}} and {bar {lambda}}. These limits were set by assuming a dipole form factor with a scale factor of {Lambda} = 1.5 TeV.


Comparative study of the performance of Wavelet based Multi Resolution PID (MRPID) controller over conventional PID controller for a Liquid level system is presented in this paper. In the proposed wavelet based PID controller, the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is used to decompose the error signal available from the set point signal and measured signal into different frequency components at various levels. Then the calculated DWT coefficients are multiplied with their respective gains to generate an overall control signal. Both the controllers are simulated in LabVIEW software. After implementation of software model successfully, plant is realized in hardware with controller simulated in PC. The performances of the wavelet-based MRPID controller are found to be superior to that of the conventional PID controller even in the presence of the white noise.


The economical impact of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) has been recognized worldwide. In 1990 Polson et al. (1990) estimated losses at US$236 per sow due to infertility, abortions, stillbirths and neonatal mortality. More recently, Neumann et al. (2005) reported a total cost of $560 million due to PRRS in growing pigs: $250 million (45%) was due to declines in average daily gain and feed efficiency in growing pigs; $243 million (43%) resulted from mortality in growing pigs; $63 million (12%) was attributed to reproductive losses; estimates in this study were based on feed costs of $0.286 per kg. Since the study was conducted, feed costs have increased by 50-65%, partly as a result of market demand for corn by ethanol manufacturers (Funderburke, 2007), therefore, PRRSV actual economic impact is currently higher (Zimmerman 2008).


The creative economic development Talikur in Griya Asri-Setu South Tangerang is currently in the process of development and empowerment so that appropriate management actions are needed. There need to be concrete steps taken by the local government (Dinas Koperasi and UKM), the community of creative entrepreneurs and universities in formulating their development strategies. The empowerment program was carried out in Talikur cluster, a Griya Asri-Setu resident from 2017 to September 2018. The results of the empowerment program showed that residents attended as many as 48 housewives, and involved as many as 3 people and 2 instructors of Talikur craft experts. The Talikur making activity meeting was held at the community post in the evening. The instructor's attendance is scheduled every 2 weeks to teach the Talikur designs and crafts motifs to the craftsmen. The results of Talikur handicrafts show a significant change with various designs and models of Talikur crafts that vary and have a higher economic value (selling). Circulation of sales of Talikur handicrafts from these inmates is mostly through orders made online.


Using data from the European Values Study, this study applies the dominant status model of volunteering introduced by Smith (1994) to explain volunteering in Nordic countries. Consistent with the dominant status model, male gender, being married, and high educational attainment are important predictors of volunteering. However, this study also finds that in Nordic countries, neither income nor employment status has a statistically significant effect on an individual's decision to volunteer.


The study was conducted in Nineveh Research Department at Ministry of Agriculture, Iraq, when a total of 21 Awassi ewes aged 2-3 years and weighing 48.61 ± 3.27 kg were used to evaluate the effect of feeding reed with addition of mixture of enzymes and probiotic on body weight and some blood parameters. The ewes were divided in to three groups (7 ewes per treatment). The first tr.eatment was fed daily concentrate diet (5kg/group) plus 3 kg of wheat straw. In the second group, the wheat straw was replaced with chopped common reed leaves while 2 gm of mixture of enzymes and probiotic was added. Results showed a significant increase (p≤0.05) in favor of the third treatment in the total weight gain of 5.00 kg and daily gain 70.85 g as compared with the second treatment 3.71 kg and 52.57 g respectively. Significantly (p≤0.05) increase was noted in blood total protein and globulin this was associated with a decrease in blood albumin in the second and third treatments compared to the first treatment. A significant increase (p≤0.05) was observed in the third treatment in the triglycerides 152.32 mg /dl compared to the first and second treatments 105.84 and 115.20 mg/dl. In general, it is possible to substitute common reed instead of wheat straw and to improve the efficiency of common reed utilization by adding a mixture of enzymes and probiotic.


Abstract This paper is concerned with the well-posedness analysis of the HartreeFock system modeling the time evolution of a quantum system comprised of fermions and interacting with the external environment via a relaxation-time term. We consider quantum states with finite mass and finite kinetic energy, and the self-consistent potential is the unbounded Coulomb interaction. This model is first formulated as a semi-linear evolution problem for the one-particle density matrix operator lying in the space of Hermitian trace class operators. Using semigroup techniques and Lieb-Thierring-type inequalities we then prove global existence and uniqueness of mild solutions. To this end we prove that the quadratic Hartree-Fock terms are locally Lipschitz in the space of trace class operators with finite kinetic energy. Technically, the main challenge stems from considering the model as an evolution problem for operators. Hence, many standard tools of PDE-analysis (density results, e.g.) are not readily available for the density matrix formalism.


In recent years, informed consent has become more and more important in every area of medical care. It is expected that new techniques for recognizing MR images will be developed. The Medical doctors look for indications of disease by using a color system in MR images and then they explain it to there patients. However, it is often difficult for patients to understand the explanations. In this case time, the use of AR (augmented reality) will be appropriate. Introducing this technique to patients will help then to recognize and understand two pictures of the MRI system. The method is based on the ideas proposed by our team of researchers. The MR images give two kinds of weighted images: T1 and T2. We have developed a make the system which extracts tissue by comparing both weighted images. We can extract a specific tissue by setting the threshold value. The extracted tissues are mapped and superimposed over the original images. The AR contents are extracted from samples of water and fat. We are currently using software called the software "Metaio Creator". The image of the brain is the AR marker. The software recognizes the image and shows an image which is easier for the patient to understand. We have succeeded in creating a visualization of AR. We can see an image of the extracted sample by looking at the tablet. The brain image markers are displayed.


Price elasticity of passenger demand for a specific airline is estimated. The main drivers affecting passenger demand for air transportation are identified. First, an ordinary least squares regression analysis is performed. Then, a multilevel analysis-based methodology to investigate the pattern of variation of price elasticity of demand among the various routes of the airline under the study is proposed. The experienced daily passenger demands on each fare class are grouped for each considered route. Nine routes were studied for the months of February and May in years from 1999 to 2002, and two fare classes were defined (business and economy). The analysis has revealed that the airfare elasticity of passenger demand significantly varies among the different routes of the airline.


e20051Background: The non-germinal center (non-GCB) subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is associated with poor clinical outcomes. Inhibitors of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) have est...


Objective To study the clinical significance of blood sugar monitoring during the acute posttraumatic period.Methods A retospective analysis of the monitored results of blood sugar of 85patients during the acute posttraumatic period.Results The patients with elevated blood sugar had higher mortality and morbidity rates than patients with mormal blood sugar. Conclusion We must strengthen blood sugar monitoring during the acute posttraumatic period and treat the elevated blood sugar promptly and correctly ,the complications and mortality rate can be decreased,and the survival quality can be improved.


Rationale & Objective: Physical activity is associated with lower risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and hypertension, which have shared risk factor profiles with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, there are conflicting findings regarding the relationship between physical activity and CKD. The objective was to evaluate the association between physical activity and CKD development over long-term follow-up using the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. Study Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting & Participants: 14,537 participants aged 45 to 64 years old. Predictors: Baseline physical activity status was assessed by the modified Baecke Physical Activity Questionnaire at visit 1 (1987–1989) and categorized according to the 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans to group participants as inactive, insufficiently active, active, and highly active. Outcomes: Incident CKD defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min/ 1.73 m 2 at follow up and ≥25% decline in eGFR relative to baseline, CKD-related hospitalization or death, or end stage renal disease. Analytical Approach: Cox proportional hazards regression. Results: At baseline, 37.8%, 24.2%, 22.7%, and 15.3% of participants were classified as inactive, insufficiently active, active, and highly active, respectively. During a median follow up of 24 years, 33.2% of participants developed CKD. After adjusting for age, sex, race-center, education, smoking status, diet quality, diabetes, coronary heart disease, hypertension, antihypertensive medication, body mass index, and baseline eGFR, higher categories of physical activity were associated with lower risk of CKD compared to the inactive group (HR for insufficiently active, 0.95 [95% CI, 0.88–1.02]; active, 0.93 [95% CI, 0.86–1.01]; highly active, 0.89 [95% CI, 0.81–0.97]; P for trend = 0.007). Limitations: Observational design and self-reported physical activity that was based on leisure time activity only. Due to low numbers, non black and white participants were excluded. Conclusions: Highly active participants had a lower risk of developing CKD compared to inactive participants.


yan et al. has pointed out that the combination of orcement learning and Sigmoid-based neural ork sometimes leads to instability of the learning. is paper, it is proposed that a Gauss-Sigmoid neural ork, in which continuous input signals are put into a oid-based neural network through a RBF network, ilized for reinforcement learning. It is confirmed simulation of the same task as in Boyan et al.[1] the learning is faster and more stable when the s-Sigmoid neural network is used, than when the oid-based neural network is used.


The statistical reliability of EBSD based results, despite its popularity and widely usage, remains an open question since typical observation volumes for EBSD are usually small compared to other techniques such as XRD. In particular, the tendency to use smaller step sizes for materials with a finer microstructure limits the investigation to relatively small areas in order to complete the measurements within the available (or a reasonable) time. Therefore, generalized conclusions are frequently drawn based on information obtained from a relatively small volume of the material. Particularly for heterogenous materials, scans of smaller areas quite possibly give rise to inaccuracies.


The genus Pyrrhura is composed of 18 recognized species of medium sized neo-tropical parrots. Two members of this genus have recently been the subjects of chromosome analysis. These two species are Pyrrhura frontalis, the maroon bellied conure, and Pyrrbura molinae, the green cheeked conure. These two species possess identical karyotypes, which is not surprising since intrageneric chromosomal variability in birds usually consists of very minor changes. One striking finding , however, was the discovery of an identical inversion of one chromosome three in five maroon bellied conures and two green cheeked conures. No individuals having an inversion of both chromosomes three have yet been identified. This observation as well as the fact that animals which are heterozygous for inversions may have reduced fertility due to the production of genetically unbalanced gametes would suggest that the origin of this inversion has been relatively recent.


Replacing traditional quenching medium with water-solubility quenching medium was carried out heat treatment,which can increase the benefit,enhance the quality of heat-treating workpiece and improve the working environment.The results show that the quenching medium of water-solubility has effectively solved the difficult problems:such as non-hardening of oil quenching and fissility of water quenching;accordingly,the soft points and quenching fissility have been avoided.This method also has the better quenching penetrativity and ideal cooling speed.


In order to extend the ability to handle incomplete information in a definite deductive database, a Horn clause-based system representing incomplete information as incomplete constants is proposed. By using the notion of incomplete constants the deductive database system handles incomplete information in the form of sets of possible values, thereby giving more information than null values. The resulting system extends Horn logic to express a restricted form of indefiniteness. Although a deductive database with this kind of incomplete information is, in fact, a subset of an indefinite deductive database system, it represents indefiniteness in terms of value incompleteness, and therefore it can make use of the existing Horn logic computation rules. The inference rules for such a system are presented, its model theory discussed, and a model theory of indefiniteness proposed. The theory is consistent with minimal model theory and extends its expressive power.


Current Positions: Dean of Faculty & Research, Cornell University, SC Johnson College of Business, January 2022 – present John S. Dyson Professor of Marketing, Cornell University, Charles H. Dyson School of Applied Economics and Management at the SC Johnson College of Business and College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, July 2020 – present Professor Emeritus, University of California Los Angeles, Anderson School of Management, July2021 – present


Three hundred and eight cadaveric renal transplants were analysed to establish the effects of acute rejection in the first 90 days and delayed graft function (DGF) on graft outcome. There were 120 patients (39%) with no DGF and no rejection (group 1), 101 patients (33%) with rejection but no DGF (group 2), 41 patients (13%) with DGF but no rejection (group 3) and 46 patients (15%) with both rejection and DGF (group 4). The actuarial 4-year graft survival rates for groups 1,2,3 and 40.4%, respectively. The acute rejection rate was 101/221 (46%) in patients with initial graft function compared with 46/87 (53%) for those with DGF (χ2=1.02, P=0.31). Cox stepwise logistic regression analysis demonstrated that DGF was a more powerful predictive factor for poor graft survival (P=0.001) than acute rejection occurring in the first 90 days post-transplant (P=0.034). Further efforts at improving graft outcome should concentrate on reducing the incidence of DGF.


Due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the looming economic crisis, Poland is currently adopting legislation, under which transactions involving certain Polish companies and non-EEA investors would be…


As technology nodes continue to scale down, maintaining roughness and defectivity during the pattern transfer becomes more challenging. For the smallest features, Metal-Organic Resists (MOR) are preferred due to their better selectivity than Chemically Amplified Resists (CAR). However, MORs are usually negative tone resists. Primarily based on defectivity reasons, dark field Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) masks are strongly preferred over light field EUV masks. Therefore, the MOR resist is more suited for pillar patterning than hole patterning. The purpose of this paper is to show that exposing pillars with MOR and converting them into holes can yield better roughness and defectivity than patterning holes with CAR directly. A similar comparison is done for the tone reversal of lines and spaces. It is shown that the Local Critical Dimension Uniformity (LCDU) of holes and the Line Edge Roughness (LER) of lines/spaces are well conserved throughout the tone inversion process.


Background:
 Old age is associated with cardiovascular problems including isolated systolic hypertension and uncontrolled hypertension. Poly pharmacotherapy especially in geriatric patients can cause side effects due to drug interactions and there is a need for less pill burden and adjuvant therapy. The basis of calming effect of Indian classical music finds its mention even in mythological anecdotes. Moreover, music therapy is safe, inexpensive and non-invasive.

 Aim:
 To evaluate the effect of Indian classical music as evidence based treatment for hypertension and anxiety level reduction.

 Method:
 Pre-selected 60 geriatric patients (60-85years) were randomly assigned to Study Group(SG){n=30}and Control Group(CG){n=30}.The SG, in addition to conventional treatment, received 20 minutes of pre-recorded Indian classical music therapy for 4 sessions. The CG received standard treatment alone. Blood pressure (BP), pulse rate (PR) and respiratory rate (RR) were taken before and after each session. Psychological assessment was done at the start and at the conclusion of final session.

 Results:
 Comparing pre and post parameters of all the sessions, the intervention resulted in a statistically significant reduction in BP and RR in both groups and significant reduction in PR only in the SG. Further analysis revealed a more statistically significant reduction in BP, PR and RR and anxiety levels in the SG as compared to CG after music session.

 Conclusion:
 This study indicates the use of Indian classical music as an innovative therapeutic approach in modern era for prevention or in conjunction with antihypertensive medications for blood pressure management in geriatric patients.


OBJECTIVES: to describe the findings of the brainstem auditive evoked potential (BAEP) test in children on a neonatal auditive triage program and analyze the difference in gender and the interference of age on the measurement of BAEP interwave latency. METHODS: 41 children aged between one and nine months referred to a Municipal Triage Program of the Education and Health Study Centre (EHSS) in the town of Marilia, Sao Paulo State, Brazil in the year of 2010 were evaluated. RESULTS: a normal result in 31 (75.6%) and an altered result in 10 (24.4%) patients were observed. Among the latter, alterations principally of the unilateral and bilateral conductive types were observed. It was also observed that with increasing age, the interwave latency decreased in an inverse correlation. CONCLUSIONS: the diagnosis of children in this Neonatal Auditive Triage Program was premature. The results of the BAEP can serve as a reference for other studies in this field. Applying BAEP in this population allows a better direction of conduct and intervention and specific counseling for family members.


INVENTION THIS SYSTEM IS SUCH AS SWITCHES AND CIRCUIT BREAKERS 10 PRIMARY IS ALLOCATED AMONG THE HEART ELECTRIC CONTINUOUS EC BOXES RELAY 11, 12 AND FURNITURE ELECTRONIC CONTROL PANELS 13 AND THE ELECTRIC HEART SHAPED CENTRAL UNIT BRINGS TOGETHER MORE DIFFERENT GUARDS OR SAFETY. SIMPLIFICATION AND REDUCTION OF WEIGHT OF ELECTRICAL POWER PANEL FOR AIRCRAFT.


Inthis paper, Iintroduce aseries ofAUV related basinexperiment platforms nowwe aredeveloping asa setof underwater technology educational tool. Existing AUV platforms areveryexpensive forgeneral students orschools topurchase as __-_ aneducational toolsothepopularity ofAUV technology among thegeneral people isnotstill sohighinJapan. Ontheotherhand, landbasedrobotic contest isverypopular inJapanandits Al educational effect seemsgoodforthewiderangeofstudents. I gSafti r think itisimportant forustodevelop asetofhandyandlowcost 00*0i tools oriented totheunderwater technology education andAUV related platforms whichcanuseeasily inasmall basin will beone ofthebestchoices. InthispaperIwill introduce ourconcept of theAUV basedexperimental systemsas an underwater technology educational tool. Thesystem iscomposed oftwotypes "Me ~ SUUM IM ofAUV test-beds, precise ultrasound ranging system,LBLF Conceptualsketchofdeapseaconstructon coordinate detection system and2FSKultrasound communication system. Thehardware andsoftware design isintroduced inthis paper. TheAUV testbedsaredesigned considering aconvenience ofbasinexperiment using a 7inches-diameter acrylic sphere or 17inches-diameter glass sphere withlow-cost embeddedsystem withDOS/VPC104basedsubsystems. We constructed a setof


Aluminum sulphate Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 is commonly used as a coagulant in the purification of drinking water in many regions of the world. Aluminum (Al) is also involved in several pharmaceutical and cosmetic products. However, Al is suspected to cause serious disorders such as Alzheimer's by oxidative DNA damage. On the other hand, taurine (TA) is an amino acid found in mammalian tissues and it has been suggested to play a role in the defense against cellular damage. The objective of this study was to determine whether the supplemetation of a natural antioxidant, TA conferred the protection against Al exposure in human blood cultures. For this aim, sister chromatid exchange (SCE) and micronucleus (MN) rates were assessed. Present results showed that 10 μg/ml of Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 has no effect on SCE and MN rates, but 20 μg/ml of this compound increased the rates of SCEs and MN. Besides, the TA at all studied concentrations (25, 50 and 100 μg/ml) did not alter the mean SCE and MN values as compared to controls. Moreover, the negative cytogenetic alterations induced by Al could be significantly ( P<0.05 ) reduced by the application of TA. This study reveals for the first time the ameliorative role of TA against Al-induced DNA damage in vitro .


The prescriptive force of methodological rules rests, I argue, on the acceptance of scientific theories; that of the most general methodological rules rests on theories in the philosophy of science, which differ from theories in the several sciences only in generality and abstraction. I illustrate these claims by reference to methodological disputes in social science and among philosophers of science. My conclusions substantiate those of Laudan except that I argue for the existence of transtheoretical goals common to all scientists and concrete enough actually to have bearing on methodology. And I argue that Laudan is committed to such goals himself, willy nilly.


This paper describes the occurrence of sedimentary structures characteristic of shallow-marine environment, dominated by tidal currents occasionally superimposed by storm and windinduced currents in the Miliolite limestone of Saurashtra.


The article is an overall assessment of the Port Settlement at Andriake, Myra, drawing upon architectural and small finds recovered during excavations undertaken at the sites from 2009 to 2012 and from 2016 to 2020. New evidence has revealed the cultural phases of Andriake throughout its history, shedding light, therefore, on the evolution of political, social, economic and daily life, and significantly contributing to our understanding of the settlement, as well as to our knowledge of Lycia.


Economic evaluation of agronomic production practices is required to determine the feasibility of inputs used in cropping systems with two or more crops. The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of preplant tillage and seedbed type on subsequent monocrop wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seed yield and net returns, and compare the results with those from a wheat-soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] doublecrop system (TRT 6). Net returns were calculated using data from plantings made for 4 yr on a Tunica clay (clayey over loamy, montmorillonitic, nonacid, thermic Vertic Haplaquept) near Stoneville, MS. Within the monocropped wheat treatments, preplant management inputs were : TRT 1-wheat planted flat following summer fallow ; TRT 2-wheat planted flat following a summer legume crop [Hemp sesbania, Sesbania exaltata (Raf.) Rydb. ex A.W. Hill] ; TRT 3-wheat planted flat following summer fallow and subsoiling ; TRT 4-wheat planted on 80-in.-wide beds following summer fallow ; TRT 5-wheat planted on 80-in.-wide beds following summer fallow and subsoiling ; and TRT 6-wheat-soybean doublecrop, where soybean was planted no-till in burned wheat straw and wheat was planted in harrowed (disk and/or spring-tooth) soybean stubble. Wheat yields from TRT 3 were among the highest each year, but net returns resulting from this treatment were among the highest in only 2 of the 4 yr. Combined net returns from TRT 6 were among the highest in all years, but they were positive in only 2 of the 4 yr and soybean yields averaged only 14.8 to 25.2 bu/acre. Net returns (losses in all 4 yr) resulting from TRT 2 were among the lowest each year because of the expense associated with establishing and incorporating the legume residue. These results indicate that monocropping of wheat, regardless of preplant management, is not a feasible replacement for winter wheat-soybean doublecropping in a nonirrigated environ on clay soil, even though wheat yields were higher in the monocrop treatments in most years Expenses associated with summer fallow maintenance for monocropped winter wheat were not offset by sufficiently higher yields.


Introduction: Molecular information is an essential property of biomacromolecules, especially proteins and nucleic acids. This property allows carrying out specific functions. It derives from variability of macromolecules components. Objetive: To prove that covalent modification of proteins represents a new and higher level of molecular information. Method: Papers published during the last five years in national and international journals were analyzed. These articles are available in HINARI, PubMed, and Perii databases and were localized through www.infomed.sld.cu. Main text: First, the mechanism and features of covalent modifications of protein are presented. Next, the principal effects on protein functions and properties are analyzed. Conclusions: We conclude that covalent modification of proteins represents a new and higher level of molecular information.


The Tuckerton Peninsula forms a large expanse (~2,000 ha) of highly inundated Spartina alterniflora salt marsh habitat along the southern New Jersey coast. Temporal and spatial changes in emergent salt marsh vegetation were characterized in three segments (northern, central, and southern) of the peninsula as part of a larger investigation to establish this salt marsh system as a sentinel site to assess future climate change effects in New Jersey. Monthly quadrat sampling at 90 plots along 9 transects in the peninsula during the June-September period in 2011 recorded 7 species of marsh plants (Spartina alterniflora, S. patens, Distichlis spicata, Salicornia spp., Limonium carolinianum, Morus rubra, and Symphyotricum tenuifolium). Measurements collected on maximum canopy height, shoot density, and percent areal cover of the marsh plant community in the heavily ditched northern segment were compared to those of the marsh plant communities in the shoreline-altered southern segment and the less impacted central reference segment. In general, species composition was similar between segments and no significant differences were found in maximum canopy height, shoot density or percent cover for any individual species. Spartina alterniflora was the dominant species. For all species combined, maximum canopy height and shoot density were higher and percent cover lower in the heavily ditched northern segment than in the other segments. No significant differences were found between the central and shoreline-altered southern segments for any of the three variables. Changes occurring in the demographic and ecological characteristics of the emergent salt marsh habitat in the peninsula are important for understanding future habitat change in other coastal wetlands of New Jersey and the mid-Atlantic region subjected to rising sea level and inundation.


At last they are out: the daffodils, narcissus, snowdrops, crocuses—and the tulips are on their way. There are shrubs of bright yellow forsythia, delicate winter jasmine and pots of sweet smelling hyacinths. The days are a little longer and although there is a nip in the air, it is definitely warmer than last month! Even the catkins and pussy willows are just beginning to show—new growth and a promise of fulfilment, after the damp of winter


This paper examines the event-triggered consensus problem of the multi-agent system on signed networks. An event-based distributed control protocol is proposed for multiagent networks where the dynamics of each agent is characterized by a controllable linear time-invariant system ($A, B$). By exploring the Gauge transformation between Laplacian matrix and signed Laplacian matrix, we show that the bipartite consensus and trivial consensus can be achieved, respectively, in terms of the structural balance of the underlying signed network. Furthermore, the Zeno phenomenon of the closed-loop system is shown to be non-existed when employing the proposed event-based control protocol. Simulation results are finally provided to demonstrate our results.


Virtualization technology has brought various information security issues to cloud computing while promoting its development. The most effective way to cope with this problem is private data encryption in virtualization environment. In this paper, Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) cipher card supporting Single Root I/O Virtualization (SR-IOV) are designed. Cipher card can be considered as Physical Function (PF) device, which can enable and manager up to four Virtual Function (VF) devices. VF device is equipped with SHA-256 and AES algorithm functions and key management functions. The experimental results show that VF device produces measured transfer speeds up to 6.91GB/s ( DMA read) and 6.32GB/s (DMA write), respectively, which has the same data transmission performance as the physical device. Heterogeneous computing architecture for implementation of SHA-256 and AES cryptographic algorithms are also designed in this paper, which reduce the development difficulty of FPGA logic and improve the system overall efficiency. The system can meet the encryption requirements of different tenants for private data and improve the data security.


Background: All of these diagnostic criteria of AIH (autoimmune hepatitis) include histopathology which is significant for the final diagnosis of AIH patients. Nevertheless, some patients failed to perform the examination in time because of fear of the trauma risk of liver biopsy. We aim to develop an AIH diagnostic model without liver biopsy in adult and validate its performance. Methods: We collected demographics, blood and liver histological data of ULI (unknown liver injury)patients in two independent adult cohorts. In the training cohort, we used logistic regression to develop a model and validated internally its performance by bootstraps methods. In the validation cohort, We operated the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, decision curve analysis and calibration plots to evaluate model externally. Results: We developed a nomogram to predict the risk of AIH using three risk factors, GGP (percentage of gamma globulin), FBG (fibrinogen) and AA (AIH-related autoantibodies). Area under curve (AUC) for the training and validation cohorts were 0.862 and 0.870 respectively. The calibration plots and decision curve analysis plot suggested that the model had an acceptable accuracy and a great clinical utility. Conclusions: The diagnostic model we operated can be well used to predict of AIH for ULI patients without liver biopsy especially for patients who are afraid of liver puncture.


In this contribution, according to the critical frequency of the F2 layer (foF2) from the ionosonde station and the International Reference Ionosphere 2012 (IRI2012) model [the International Radio Consultative Committee (CCIR) coefficient], a single station model (called the Fusion model) for predicting the hourly value of foF2 over Lycksele (64.69°N, 18.80°E) is developed by the back-propagation neural network (BPNN) technology compensated for the model-deviation of the IRI2012 model. The input parameters of this BPNN-based foF2 prediction model include day number (day of the year), universal time, solar zenith angle, solar cycle information, geomagnetic activity (a 3-day running mean of the 3-h planetary magnetic index Ap and Kp) and the foF2 values from the IRI2012 model; the output parameter is the model-deviation. The data sets employed in this model are obtained from the National Geophysical Data Centre and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), about 215 614 sets, which are derived during the period from January 1958 to December 1984 (1960s data is missing). The data sets from 1971 to 1984 are selected for validation instead of for training use. Prediction values from the Fusion model, the General BPNN and IRI2012 models are each compared with the observed data. The results indicate that the proposed model is superior to the other models for hourly value of foF2 prediction over Lycksele. According to the statistical analysis of average root mean square error, the proposed model offers an improvement of 19.11% over the IRI2012 model.


Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C-ITS) are essential for smart cities. To realise the vision of C-ITS in the European Strategy to implement smart mobility towards Cooperative, Connected and Automated Mobility (CCAM), there must be advanced infrastructures for message exchange between connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs), road-side units (RSUs), and transport management centres. One of the most challenges to build such infrastructures is to ensure the scalability to support for millions of vehicles on roads at the same time. In this short paper, we aim to discuss the challenge of ensuring the scalability of a C-ITS platform and describe our simulation framework to test its scalability. First, we give a high-level description of a C-ITS platform that is based on Edge-Cloud orchestration for message exchange between CAVs, RSUs, and transportation data centres. Then, we present our simulation framework that is based on Eclipse SUMO and Veins to test the scalability of the C-ITS platform. We have initially worked in two main tasks for the simulation framework: build simulation scenarios and integrate MQTT clients into the simulation tools to test our C-ITS platform. These are two fundamental steps towards a full simulation framework for our C-ITS platform.


Depolarization effects on electrical and optical properties of (112¯2)-oriented wurtzite (WU) InGaN∕GaN quantum well (QW) were investigated using the multiband effective-mass theory. These results are compared with those of (0001)- and (101¯0)-oriented WU InGaN∕GaN QW structures. The internal field is shown to become zero for (112¯2) crystal orientation near the crystal angle of 56°, irrespective of the In composition in the well. This is because the sum of the piezoelectric and spontaneous polarizations in the barrier is equal to that in the well. The optical gain of the (112¯2)-oriented QW is significantly larger than that of the (0001)-oriented QW. This is caused mainly by the increase of the optical matrix element due to the disappearance of the internal field. Also, the (112¯2)-oriented QW is found to have the optical gain comparable to that of the (101¯0)-oriented QW.


A novel class of antenna-impregnated fabrics is proposed for wireless and unobtrusive height measurement on the go. Contrary to conventional infantometer and stadiometer technologies that restrict height monitoring to sporadic intervals, this technology brings forward regular height monitoring with minimum impact to the individual's activity. The proposed fabrics consist of multiple dipole antennas placed at known distances from each other. When a subject lies upon the fabric, he/she detunes the underlying antennas, inducing losses in the associated wireless transmission paths. Therefore, the subject's height can be calculated by identifying the two antennas with degraded transmission coefficients at the starting (head) and ending (feet) points. For validation, a proof-of-concept 52 cm × 43 cm fabric operating at 915 MHz is designed, fabricated, and tested. Simulation and  in vitro measurement results demonstrate the feasibility of retrieving the length of a 16-cm-long phantom, regardless of its exact location upon the fabric. Concurrently, the proposed fabric is shown to conform to the Federal Communication Commission guidelines for the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR). This technology can eventually be integrated into baby cribs, bed sheets, or rollable mats to provide early detection/monitoring of Turner syndrome, Crohn's disease, short stature, Celiac disease, growth hormone deficiency, and obesity, among others.


In order to increase the beam current and to enhance the beam quality, an upgrading program of HIRFL is going on at HIRFL. As a part of this program, the longitudinal matching between injector SFC and main machine SSC will be improved. It consists of beam energy measurement, compensation of energy loss due to stripper and a new rebuncher system. In this paper, the study results are presented.


Educational attainment is a core social background variable covered in each and every single social survey. Cross-national surveys are particularly vulnerable to sub-optimal measurement of education. In this paper, the crossnational measurement of educational attainment is evaluated using data of the European Social Survey (ESS). After discussing some theoretical background of cross-national measurement of education generally, the most commonly used comparable measures are introduced. A brief overview over previous evaluations is given. In the main part of the paper, the implementation of a simplified version of the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 (ISCED–97) in the ESS is discussed and evaluated in several ways: By looking at the consistency of the reclassification of national education variables into the comparable variable; at how the comparable variable is distributed, how much explanatory power of educational attainment is lost by harmonising the national variables (using occupational status as the criterion), and which steps of the harmonisation process affect the results most strongly in the single countries. Finally, an alternative way of simplifying the ISCED–97 is


This paper presents a measurement technique and an analysis of the electrical polar symmetry in turbogenerator rotors using the so-called recurrent pulse comparison with the injection of charge as the excitation source. The polar symmetry should be measured because it provides information that allows electrical insulation failures in the rotor winding to be detected. A simple electrical model for the rotor is introduced, and the technique for comparing the recurrent pulses is analysed in detail. The particular measurement instrumentation and the analysis of the results obtained in the time and frequency domains, including their relation to the rotor failures, are also described.


The Paṇai inscription found in the Biaro Bahal area 1, Bahal Village, Portibi District, Padang Lawas Utara Regency, is one of the proofs of the existence of the Ancient Malay community that lived and existed in the 11th -14th century AD. The inscription was written using the Old Sumatran script and the Old Malay language. Old Malay is a member of the Proto Austronesian language family. The problem is related to the changing form of the Old Malay language based on the inscription of the Paṇai when viewed from a historical comparative linguistic study. The purpose of this research is to find out how the shape changes of the Old Malay language based on the inscription of Paṇai. The method used is descriptive qualitative method. Based on the results of the analysis it can be seen that all the words found in the inscription of the Paṇai were descended from the Proto Austronesian language. There are several forms of inheritance of sounds dominated by linear inheritance, then inheritance of innovations with several places of articulation which turns out not to all be inherited in the same articulation, inheritance of aferesis (change of sound by removing a phoneme or more at the beginning of words), and inheritance of paragog (change sounds with the addition of 1 phoneme at the end of the word). Another interesting phoneme change is that there is a change due to the labilization factor.


This paper introduces the characteristics of Lonworks technology and describes the design of an intelligent application node based on Lonworks technology. This node has a neuron chip as its core, performs the collection, display, and output of analog quantities, and provides buttons for input. The hardware circuit and software design methods are presented.


Games are often used as a tool for teaching the elements and strategies of a problem. The objective of this paper is to define the sensor deployment problem as a game. The rules, game mechanics, and attributes are defined to abstract real life deployment situations while lowering the learning time to allow study of complex scenarios. This paper defines the fundamentals of the game and challenges the reader to study, solve, and define new strategies for sensor deployment problems. It is a fun and simple game, which has an element of entertainment, yet provides a foundation and framework for studying sensor deployment problems.


A low temperature history indication plate 31 made of a low thermal expansion material used within an apparatus is provided on the outer surface of the apparatus. A surface of the low temperature history indication plate 31 is mirror polished. Simply by observing the low temperature history indication plate 31, it can be determined whether or not martensitic transformation has occurred.


Moving object databases (MOD) are being used in a wide range of location-based services that are of growing interest in many application areas. In the literature, several query types such as nearest neighbor, reverse nearest neighbor, k-nearest neighbor, and proximity queries have been considered in MOD. In this paper, we propose a novel operator called the assignment operator as a query type for MOD. The assignment operator is an operator used in a query to solve the assignment problem (also known as the weighted bipartite graph-matching problem). Assignment operator finds a perfect match between two sets of objects in a manner that minimizes a total cost. For instance, a set of moving objects such as taxi cabs are assigned to a set of customers in a manner that minimizes the total cost of traveling for the taxis. A possible implementation of the assignment operator in MOD and its performance evaluation are given.


Using x‐ray diffraction techniques, we measure the root‐mean‐square width of the buried crystalline/amorphous Si(001)/SiO2 interface, as a function of oxide thickness. We find that the interface width decreases with increasing oxide thickness; the oxide growth process kinetically smoothens the buried interface. We also find a difference between the rate of smoothing for wet and dry oxides.


This article presents the history and framework of the Reggio Emilia philosophy, an educational approach to early childhood education that places children as the main participants and protagonists of the curriculum. It also showcases the growing influence of the Reggio Emilia philosophy around the world, through key regional and national organizations. The association of the Emilia fundamental values of the Reggio Emilia with the globally competent soft skills helps this philosophy to overcome the growing need worldwide. Ultimately, the internationalization of this approach has inspired teaching practices all over the world. Within different nations, organizations that advocate the application of Reggio Emilia principles in various schools has grown, prompting a need to educate children to that they will develop emotionally and cognitively, in making thinking visible.


What happens when a primary resource people draw from in times of need is at odds with maintaining a threatened, yet valued, identity? Four studies (N total = 806) examined whether men cognitively disengage from romantic relationships following masculinity threats. As hypothesized, romantically attached men reported less closeness, commitment, and interdependence in their romantic relationships (Study 1), and both single and romantically attached men expressed less positive commitment beliefs (Study 2) following masculinity threats. Supporting a strategy of distancing from interdependence to protect masculinity, perceivers evaluated men who used more interdependent language to describe their relationships as less masculine and more feminine (Studies 3a and 3b). However, exhibiting less interdependence did not restore third-party evaluations of masculinity following a public masculinity threat (Study 3b). Thus, subverting relationship interdependence to protect perceptions of masculinity is an ineffective strategy for restoring masculinity in the eyes of others and may cause unnecessary strain on relationships.


23 populations of the six species were collected from respective distribution range and were analyzed using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. A total of 303 loci were obtained from 15 random primers. The cluster analysis basing on genetic distances demonstrated that the populations of every species were clustered together respectively. Then the populations of A. intramongolica were clustered together with the populations of A. ordosica, following with the populations of A. halodendron. It indicated that genetic relationships of this three species were the nearest, and it was more near between A. intramongolica and A. ordosica. The populations of A. sphaerocephala were clustered together with the population of A. songarica indicated that genetic relationship of the two species were near. A. wudanica was an independent branch, so the kinships between A. wudanica and others were far. The cluster analysis on the species demonstrated the same results. A. intramongolica was regarded as geographic subspecies of A. ordosica because of their populations being the nearest according to the cluster analysis, their genetic identity amounting to 0.964 1, their small calathide and similar morphological characteristic.


The hydrotalcites were synthesized in stoichiometric proportions x equal to 1/3. These samples were prepared using a modified Kovanda method[7]. The dried samples (labeled CoX) and the hydrothermal treated (CoXht) were analyzed by powder X-ray diffraction. The diffraction data were treated using the Rietveld Method[8] which allows the identification and quantification of crystalline phases and evaluate the crystallinity degree of the compounds. The refinement was performed using the GSAS program[9] which is free software that provides quality results expected by the Rietveld Method. The powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) data were collected using two different equipments at room temperature, using a Rigaku-Geiger Flex diffractometer with copper radiation and a graphite monochromator and Brucker AXS diffractometer model D8 Advance with copper radiation. The measurements were carried out in the angular range of 5-75 ‐ in 2θ, with step of 0.05 ‐ for 1 second. The samples which aged at hydrother


Reviews skills for supervision in the twenty‐first century, tools for identifying current knowledge and skills, and a transformation learning plan. Essential new skills are based on the 12 key skills areas (KSAs). Identifies essential components of the KSA gap analysis, a daily task trade‐off plan, a three‐year learning plan and a daily personal vision message. These may need to be modified to fit a particular organization.


Talkers imitate aspects of perceived speech; a phenomenon known as speech alignment. Previous studies have found that talkers will align not only to auditory speech, but also visual speech information. Furthermore, talkers who interact in full view of a conversational partner will align more than talkers who interact with a partner they can only hear [J. W. Dias & L. D. Rosenblum, Perception. 40, 1457-1466 (2011)]. The purpose of the current investigation is to evaluate whether visual speech information increases speech alignment when the auditory speech is noisy. Participants shadowed (said out-loud) the utterances of a pre-recorded model presented under audio-alone or audiovisual conditions, either in noise (+10db SNR) or in the clear. These shadowing tokens were then rated for their similarity (alignment) to the model's tokens using a matching task performed by naïve raters. Despite word identification performance being the same across all conditions, participants aligned more to the model when listening to speech in the clear than speech in noise. Further, the addition of visual information enhanced alignment for words presented in noise, but not for words presented in the clear. These data suggest the availability of visual speech information can enhance speech alignment when shadowing in noise.


Treeing degradation in dielectric polymers often leads to insulation failures in electrical equipment. In order to make out the breakdown failures, the tree initiation characteristics of ice- water quenched HDPE under AC voltage in frequencies ranging from 50 Hz to 90 kHz are studied. It is found that the tree initiation voltages (TIV) change a little when the frequency is from 50 Hz to 1 kHz. When the frequency is higher than 1 kHz,the TIV increases with the increase of frequency before reaching a maximum TIV. While the TIV decreases at first then increases at frequency 10 kHz. There are 7 categories of tree shapes, including branch- like, trunk- like, bosk- like, direct breakdown, bosk- trunk, bosk- breakdown and branch- trunk, appeared in the experiment. The categories of tree shapes manifold with the frequency increasing. The TIV of different categories are different apparently. The breakdown shape shows the highest TIV while the branch- like one shows the lowest TIV. The damage degrees to insulation material are different for different categories. It is also found that as the frequency increases, the dispersion of TIV increases remarkably. Though the polymer shows higher average TIV values as the frequency is larger than 1 kHz, the larger dispersion in higher frequency region indicates that the application of polymer insulators in medium or high frequency area would bring a higher breakdown risk as one can find from the frequent insulation failures in high frequency machines. The influence of frequency on electron accelerating process and fatigue effect aggravation in material under high frequency are considered as main causes of the experiment results.


When I found myself humming the words to I Want You Back' on the drive home from the West Side of San Antonio, I realized I had re-entered the world of teen fandom. Nearly two decades ago, I was fully immersed in this world, clipping photos of each member of Duran Duran and keeping them in a scrapbook along with secret notes and prized puffy stickers. Now I was back, listening for lyrics and scanning magazines for new pics. This time, however, I went less willingly, towed by 20 or so Mexican± American teens on their way to womanhood. N-Sync, Backstreet Boys, and Intocable had the band members that made their hearts go boom in the late 1990s. As a media ethnographer, I sat on the fringes of their music subcultures, and though I never fell in love with Justin Timberlake, I at least understood his hypnotic power in the neighborhood where I worked. Young, athletic, and presumed as heterosexual, male pop stars were the boys that entranced many Mexican± American girls' in the late 1990s. This article presents the pop fan cultures that I encountered in research with Mexican± American girls, interrogating the politics of these pleasures. My analysis aims to complement and add to previous analyses of girls' subcultures. Angela McRobbie (1991), a pioneer in subcultural studies of girls, chided subcultural theorists for ignoring girls' contributions to teen leisure and social life. She notably targets Paul Willis' ethnography of the British working class for erasing girls' roles in the language and attitudes of young lads who objecti® ed them. A decade later, we might ask the same questions that McRobbie, together with Jenny Garber, inquire with regards to Mexican± American girls: `Are girls really absent from subcultures?'; `Are girls present but invisible?'; `Do girls have alternative ways of organizing their cultural life?' (McRobbie and Garber, 1997). In both studies of girl culture (Walkerdine, 1990; Thompson, 1995; Thornton, 1996; Thorne, 1998; Wald, 1998) and Mexican± American cultures (Richardson, 1999) (Romero, 1992; Sanchez, 1993), the authors make little, if any, reference to Mexican± American girls as members of their own culture. This is important to explore in itself, especially given the ways that Mexican± American girl culture intersects with these other cultures. Pop music on the radio and in fan activities are just two places where these intersections occur, helping some Mexican± American girls de® ne their differences in terms of ethnicity, gender, and age. Although radio and fan culture might seem pedantic to media studies scholars who have moved on to explore interpretative communities for