There were many differences between male and female in language.This article tries to analyze the characteristic of female language to disclose the phenomenon of sexism in language,at the same time,to find out the social,cultural and psychological root.


The embodiment of the invention discloses a method, a device and a system for solving IP address conflicts, relating to the technical field of communication for increasing the success rate of VPN access for users. The method comprises the following steps: a VPN client gets a first IP address of the access user; the VPN client carries out an IP control protocol negotiation with the VPN server, andreceives a second IP address distributed by the VPN server; when the second IP address conflicts with the first IP address, the VPN client modifies the second IP address; if the second IP address after modification is valid, then the second IP address is used as the VPN client to access the IP address of the VPN. The embodiment of the invention is mainly used for solving the problem of conflict of IP addresses.


Slush casting of zinc statuettes in the United States was pioneered around 1853 by the Philadelphia-based Cornelius and Baker, then the largest gas-fixture company in the country. The technique permitted three-dimensional castings suitable for chandeliers, table lamps, and mantel decorations to be quickly and inexpensively made. Imitation-bronze paint made the dull gray metal attractive. Statuettes after Clark Mills's equestrian Andrew Jackson were acquired by a number of important collections, including the White House (in 1859). Outside of this, the company's early domestic "bronzes"—genre figures, copies of French statuettes, reductions of antique statues, and American subjects—are little known.


We propose a method for visualisation of the human liver to represent nonlinear behaviour of the tissue and to preserve the object's volume. Our multi-scale model uses dynamic interconnections to keep the size of the gland. We introduce two new parameters to control the influence of an external force on the nonlinear material of the liver. Another novelty in the proposed method is to design a multi-dimension data structure which makes it possible to run our code on conventional CPUs and in real-time. We evaluated the proposed algorithm both quantitatively and qualitatively by synthetic and clinical data. Our model preserved 98.4% and 94.1% of a typical volume in small and large deformation, respectively. The run-time of our model was 0.115 second. Our model preserves the volume of a liver during both small and large deformations and our results are comparable with recent methods.


When the aluminium electrobath is baked, the current of the electrobath's cathodes changes rapidly If not controlled well, this will affect the quality of the bake seriously and shorten the longevity of the electrobath Based on the test result of many cathodes' current and the graph illustration,we make a lot of analyses about the distribution of the cathodes' current and the forepart dilapidation of the electrobath using the theory of electrobath resistance network


A team review process was implemented on the project I am currently working on, The goal envisioned by management was to provide an environment that would lead to better products. To do this, the review process was changed in order to provide the developers of the products with better feedback. The assumption is this would lead to a better product, We have learned a few lessons on the problems that can be expected when instituting this kind of review team.


We present a theoretical study showing that an optically driven excitonic two-level system in a solid-state environment can act as a heat pump by means of repeated phonon emission or absorption events. We derive a master equation for the combined phonon bath and two-level system dynamics and analyze the direction and rate of energy transfer as a function of the externally accessible driving parameters in the coherent control regime. We discover that if the driving laser is detuned from the exciton transition, cooling the phonon environment becomes possible.


We study the relationship between aggressiveness and survival under the context of retail entry strategy. Using a dynamic game of entry, calibrated with novel monthly data about fast casual taco chains (Chipotle and Taco Cabana) in Texas (1993-2015), we conduct a series of simulations to explore the extent to which a trade-off exists between aggression and survival. The results show that this trade-off can exist in certain conditions. Most importantly, we establish a set of qualifiers (i.e., opportunity zone) for aggressive entry to improve survival: (1) A rival's presence has to hurt the incumbent's profit enough to make preemption attractive, (2) the damage of the rival's presence on the firm's profit should not be too much (in the event that rival still enters), and (3) the incumbent has to be competitive enough so as to hurt its rival's profit sufficiently.


This paper presents the theoretical background and experimental verification of a new composite grating with two different grating frequencies, which was developed for simultaneous measurements of small and large displacements in a single specimen using moire interferometry. A composite grating with line frequencies of 1200 and 300 lines/mm was used to study the changes in the displacement field and the approximate J-integral values of a 5152-H32 aluminum, single-edge-notched specimen under increasing load.


The disabled of the countryside occupies 74.05% in the total number of the disabled in our country,and it is very obvious that the standard of their family life and living quality has fallen behind the living standard of the whole country.The development of the cause and the social security of the disabled in the countryside is lagging behind.To realize the equalization of the basic public service,firstly,we must adhere to the combination of the key security and the special assistance.Secondly,we should stick to the principles of the combination of the common system arrangement and the special system arrangement.Thirdly,we should include the disabled of the countryside in the social security system which covers the urban and rural residents.Furthermore we should provide the disabled in the rural areas with key security and special assistance.Finally to improve the weak position of the disabled in the countryside we should offer a strong and powerful system guarantee in order to achieve the goal of equality,participation and sharing together.


The proportion of women MPs elected in the 1997 British general election reached an historic high of 18.2 per cent, the vast majority from the victorious Labour Party. The large increase in the proportion of women Labour MPs was partly due to the policy of establishing women‐only shortlists for winnable seats. This paper examines the distribution of women candidates in the election and analyses the factors that affected the votes they attracted. The results show that Labour women selected on the women‐only shortlists attracted significantly more votes than women nominated on open shortlists. This was mainly a consequence of their selection for marginal seats, but the greater organisational effort that was concentrated on those seats was also an important factor. Overall, there was no evidence that voters discriminated against women candidates in the election, regardless of party and regardless of how they were selected. The large number of women MPs raises issues concerning the formulation and articulatio...


Epidemiology • Volume 34, Number 2, March 2023 www.epidem.com | 259 ISSN: 1044-3983/23/342-259-264 DOI: 10.1097/EDE.0000000000001564 For the past two decades, the United States has suffered dramatic increases in a fatal drug overdose.1 Overdoses represent one major health concern facing people who use drugs, in a milieu including injection drug use-related infections.2 Accordingly, the use of real-world data to study drug-related harms, such as overdoses and injection drug-related infections, has become more common in the medical literature.3–5 Real-world data sources include electronic health records and administrative claims that can be leveraged to understand health needs and longitudinal health utilization patterns in specific groups of patients, including people who use drugs. Researchers developed various algorithms that use combinations of drug-related diagnosis codes for substance use disorders and overdoses. However, limited attention to date has been paid to the methodologic and ethical implications arising from the limitations of these algorithms. People who are perceived to use drugs in an illicit manner are frequently treated poorly within the health care system, perpetuating marginalization. More consideration should be given to the ethical implications of using healthcare data to identify and study marginalized groups of people. Additionally, the choice of some algorithms over others may deliver results that are misleading. Poor validity of these algorithms can bias study results, potentially leading to erroneous changes in policy or practice. Further examination of the methodology, applications, and validity of drug use-related algorithms is needed. We sought to provide a brief review of the definitions of drug use-related algorithms, to appraise existing validation studies, and to discuss the limitations of these methods. The reviewed drug use-related classifications focus on people using substances such as opioids, stimulants, and other psychotropic drugs. Although some of these drugs may be prescribed, the large majority of drug overdoses are due to illicitly manufactured fentanyl.1 We excluded algorithms focused on tobacco or alcohol.


The scenario today in taking care of elderlypeople and other groups of people who need continuous medical attention involves assisting them with the right medication at the right moment of time. To enable these set of people to take medication on their own without the assistance of another individual is the main aim of this proposed paper. The proposed system is said to have inculcated Assistive technology which provides means of assistance by use of rehabilitative devices to people with varies disabilities. Assistive technology(AT) aims at promoting independence of the people by actually enabling them to perform varies tasks with ease which they were unable to perform otherwise. Assistive technology provides means of enhancing the lifestyle of people by providing assistance. On a reality check today not everyone is able to access AT catering to reasons like high costs, less awareness and less availability of the varies assistive devices. But it has been estimated that by 2050, a major portion of the society will be running on AT devices. In this paper we have proposed an approach advancing towards using AT devices. There has been usage of open source technologies and gives a new organised manner of taking medication dosages."Flexible compartment smart pillbox" basically allows the organization of several medication schedules that health disorders presented in elderly people and other groups of people require. The proposed system includes a buzzer along with an automatic pill dispensing system, user-friendly display interface and a notification system that uses a WIFI module. ARM-7 is taken as the principal controller. The development of this device is mainly focused on supporting elderly people and other groups of people who may have the needfor an assisted care.


INTRODUCTION IN 1948 AND 1949 the author attempted to correlate the alterations of blood pressure which were found in the course of the surgical approach to the acoustic nerve tumour in man with those seen with pontine lesions in cats. The present study was carried out to ascertain the effects of occlusion of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery in dogs and cats. In cats this artery is a constant and prominent branch arising from the mid-portion of the basilar artery which passes about the seventh and eighth nerves. It gives off a branch to the internal auditory meatus and branches to the cerebellum as well as to the pons. In dogs the artery is likewise constant but occasionally passes caudally before gaining the seventh and eighth nerves. There is frequently another vessel which arises from the caudal part of the basilar artery and passes into the cerebello-medullary angle through the roots of the ninth and tenth cranial nerves. The proximal part of its course is parallel with and three millimeters caudal to the anterior inferior cerebellar artery. Following occlusion of the artery, observations on the femoral arterial blood pressure, on the neurological condition and on life itself, show that (1) effects on the arterial pressure were difficult to correlate with the arterial lesion or the level and type of anaesthesia; (2) loss of corneal reflex and facial movement on the side of the lesion and severe ataxia and nystagmus occurred in those animals which recovered reflex movement following the experiment and (3) it was impossible to attribute the death of the animals to more than the difficulty of feeding and of respiration which result respectively from the neurological disabilities and the disturbances of respiratory airway (see operative procedures). MATERIALS AND METHOD In this study 14 cats and 14 dogs were used. (1) Sodium pentobarbital solution (65 mg. per c.c. alcohol 10 per cent.), 0.2 c.c. per pound body weight, was injected intraperitoneally, and, if necessary, more was given intravenously, to obtain general anaesthesia in 12 cats: it was always necessary to have general anaesthesia deep enough to permit endotracheal intubation and displacement of the pharynx and larynx with a selfretaining retractor. (2) Following ether induction and endotracheal intubation, d-tubocurarine chloride solution (3.0 mg. 20 units per c.c.) was injected intravenously slowly until the respirations ceased, and artificial respiration was continued with Marshall's artificial respirator;


Undescended testis is one of the most common pediatric disorder of the male endocrine glands and the most common genital disorder identified at birth. The undescended testis may be palpable or non-palpable. Approximately 20% of undescended testis are non-palpable and either located in the abdomen or the canaliculi, or atrophic or are completely absent. Identifying the location of ectopic and undescended testes can aid in presurgical planning and help determine the optimal type of surgical correction procedure to be performed. Ultrasound and MRI are the most common imaging exams ordered to detect and locate these two variants. Testicular tissue at ectopic site was identified by presence of characteristic signal intensity pattern, mediastinum testis and its location along empty spermatic canal in cases of inguinal testis either singly or in combination. We conclude that MR imaging is useful in the localization and tissue characterization of nonpalpable testes.


A secondary particle shower acquisition system is under design for the upgrade of CERN's beam wire scanners. The system needs to be capable of performing bunch by bunch synchronous measurements with an integration time of 25 ns and to cope with signal variations of up to 6 orders of magnitude. The whole dynamic range should be covered by the acquisition system with a single configuration and should have no tuneable parameters. The secondary particles are detected using a polycrystalline diamond detector with the signal digitization performed nearby with a custom front-end system, designed to resist a total ionising radiation dose up to 1 kGy in 10 years. The digital data transmission, front-end synchronization and control are performed through a bidirectional optical link operating at 4.8 Gbps using CERN's GBT protocol. For the digitization, two radiation tolerant integrator ASICs (ICECAL and QIE10) are under study.


Document similarity is an important part of Natural Language Processing and is most commonly used forplagiarism-detection and text summarization. Thus, finding the overall most effective document similarity algorithm could have a major positive impact on the field of Natural Language Processing. This report setsout to examine the numerous document similarity algorithms, and determine which ones are the mostuseful. It addresses the most effective document similarity algorithm by categorizing them into 3 types ofdocument similarity algorithms: statistical algorithms, neural networks, and corpus/knowledge-basedalgorithms. The most effective algorithms in each category are also compared in our work using a series of benchmark datasets and evaluations that test every possible area that each algorithm could be used in.


We analyze the behaviour of TE, TM electromagnetic fields in a toroidal space through Maxwell and wave equations. Their solutions are discussed in a space endowed with a refractive index making separable the wave equations.


Thermomechanical simulation serves to simulate industrial conditions under closer control and much more cheaply than through works trials, and also under ideal conditions (e.g. constant temperature and strain rate) more suitable for input to metallurgical models which can then be applied to real cases. It is remarkable how much effort in Industry and Academia, and how many conferences, are devoted to this issue. Moreover, many of the questions being addressed do not appear to change very much over the years [1]. The continuing stream of new rolled grades requires new experimental quantification and adjustment to models, because we do not as yet have a physically-based model powerful enough to extrapolate safely to substantially different compositions and process conditions. But that is only part of the story. Quantitatively sufficient simulation of the existing grade portfolio is a surprisingly complex, multi-facetted problem. An example is presented in Fig.1 [2] of the model in routine use for Tata Steel's plate mill at Scunthorpe, UK. Many variables are involved in the prediction of the optimum rolling schedule in terms of productivity, plate geometry, and final properties, each of which will be associated with its own errors. Its configuration around the microstructural development during rolling brings in a range of variables which are very difficult to measure on plant, and are usually implied from laboratory studies. Extensive plant data exist but are seldom transferable to other mills owing to the individual set-up of each mill and its associated data measurement facilities. Similarly, great care has to be taken to avoid systematic differences between laboratory simulation, pilot rolling, and results on plant, owing to subtleties of the set conditions and accuracy of measurement. An overview of such experience in Tata Steel's European plate and strip mills is given here.


Proteins purified by a variety of procedures have almost invariably shown heterogeneity when analyzed by isoelectric focusing. Multicomponent isoelectric spectra for homogeneous proteins have been a cause for concern and inevitably the analysis technique was questioned. With one or two exceptions, isoelectric focusing has not been proven to introduce heterogeneity into proteins. On the contrary, the use of this high-resolution equilibrium separation method has caused us to reexamine our criteria for protein homogeneity. A protein is usually defined by a particular function or property, though clearly this particular feature may be shared by several similar or even disparate proteins. One name may mean one protein but it may cover a group of proteins distinguishable by criteria not included in the original definition. I n the latter case, it would later be discovered that several molecular species were present and the "pure" protein would be said to be "heterogeneous." There are a wide variety of reasons why a protein might be heterogeneous. I will list some of them and then discuss the interpretation of isoelectric spectra of proteins in terms of these various categories of heterogeneity. Basically, the causes of protein heterogeneity are either synthetic or postsynthetic.


Objective:To observe the effect of Jinshuibao capsule on apoptosis and expression of FasL on peripheral blood T cells in maintenance hemodialysis patients(MHD).Methods:Annexin V and FasL of T cells cultured with on stimulus for 24 hours were measured by flow cytometry in 30 hemodialysis patients(hemodialysis group)and 30 hemodialysis patients both Jinshuibao capsule for three months(Chinese medicine group).Results:Annexin Ⅴ and FasL of T cells significantly increased in hemodialysis group in comparison with Chinese medicine group,( P 0.05).There was significant positive correlation between Annexin Ⅴ and FasL in both groups ( P 0.05). There was significant negative correlation between Annexin Ⅴ and Ccr ( P 0.05).Conclusion:Jinshuibao can siguificantly inhibit T cell apoptosis in MHD patients.


The influence of the degree of gelatinization (DG) on microwave-induced expansion of starch-based, extruded pellets under vacuum was investigated. Expansion of extruded pellets with initial DG between 43.6 and 72.9% was investigated in a microwave vacuum drying system. With increasing DG, volume expansion showed a linear increase. The number of pores significantly increased at DG above 64.2%. A larger amount of water available might be the reason for the increased nucleation at large DG. The pore sizes decrease with increasing number of pores. If a larger number of bubbles is nucleated, a fewer amount of water can diffuse into every single bubble possibly resulting in lower water vapor pressure. No relationship between rheological and expansion properties of the matrix could be observed. We therefore assume that nucleation has the strongest effect on pore size distribution.

Practical Applications

In contrast to direct-expanded extruded snacks, third-generation snacks are generally produced by predrying nonexpanded, extruded pellets, followed by expansion to achieve a crispy and porous texture. By this procedure, extrusion can be performed at high moisture contents, moderate temperatures and moderate shearing conditions. This way, thermal- and mechanical-sensitive ingredients can be preserved. A distinctive feature of the process investigated in this study is that the expansion is achieved by microwave vacuum processing, which allows an indirect expansion without the time- and energy-consuming predrying process. This study shows that total volume and inner structure of the expanded pellets is influenced by the degree of gelatinization. With these information, producers can turn structure-related properties such as appearance, crispiness and crunchiness to targeted values.


In this research a modeling, design and analysis of the most suitable dimensions and the number of turns of the induction coil required for a certain brazing process was done by using FEM. Ansoft Maxwell computer package is used for this purpose. The simulation determines the electromagnetic field distribution inside the work coil by the required excitation current and frequency. Then the optimal work coil is determined. Also, it is used to determine the required magnitude of the load resonant circuit capacitance to achieve this frequency. The simulation describes the expected behavior of the load parameters during the brazing process.


Introduction. Preserving and strengthening the health of the population has always been one of the key issues in society. Dental care is one of the most demanded types of medical care, improving the quality of its provision is an important task of health care. Given the importance of paying attention to the patient's opinion in different treatment methods for a successful outcome and the influence of different factors on the success of the treatment from the patient's and the clinician's point of view, it seems necessary to conduct a study to assess the patient's expectation before and after orthodontic treatment in order to evaluate the possible variables.
The purpose of the study is to evaluate data on the motivation of patients seeking orthodontic care that can help orthodontists meet the patients' expectations and needs and achieve a successful treatment outcome.
Materials and methods. We surveyed 300 patients aged 15 to 58 years (37.3% men, 62.7% women, average age is 25.4 years) who went fro dental care to the "University Clinical Dental Polyclinic" of the Uzhhorod National University. We applied the anonymous questionnaire method. A wide range of questions included in the questionnaire enabled us to analyze the motives for seeking orthodontic care in relation to demographic variables: age, gender, level of education and profession of parents.
Results. The results of the study have shown that the majority of patients (89.3%) are motivated to align their front teeth, both on the upper and lower jaw (highest frequency), and 17.3% of them want to align their back teeth (lowest frequency). There are correlations between the gender of patients and the motivation to straighten the front teeth (p<0.009), and women demonstrate a higher motivation for this type of correction. As the mother's level of education increases, the motivation to change the height of the front teeth grows as well (p<0.03) in order to improve the condition of the teeth and gums when smiling (p<0.001). The assessment of the relationship between the presence and absence of motivation to change the state of the teeth according to the mother's education level reveals a statistically significant negative relationship between the motivation to change the height of the front teeth (p<0.03), improving the appearance of the teeth and gums when smiling (p<0.001) and the level of education of the mother. The assessment of the relationship between the presence and absence of motivation to improve the teeth positioning by the father's education level reveals only a statistically significant negative relationship between the motivation to move the teeth of the lower jaw back or forward and the father's education level (p<0.02). Conclusion. Alignment of anterior teeth (89.3%) and improvement of the appearance of teeth or gums when smiling has been found as the main reasons for patients to seek orthodontic care. The study has also shown that the patient's gender and the mother's education level have the most significant relationship with his/her motivation to change the position of the teeth, while the father's education and age have the least significant relationship with their motivation. Assessing the views of patients who seek orthodontic treatment and their expectations from the treatment is one of the main factors to consider when providing orthodontic treatment.


SYNOPSIS. Zschokkella floridanae sp. n. (Myxosporidea) is described from the gall bladder of the goldspotted killifish, Floridichthys carpio, collected in south Florida. The fresh spore is circular to ovoid in front view and irregularly oblong in sutural view. It averages 14.5 in length × 13.3 μm in width. The polar filament, wound 6–8 times, is 55.3 μm when extended.


A complete course in spoken and written Greek. The course structure allows readers to work at their own pace and is based on the Council of Europe's Threshold guidelines.


The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the methods of decision on reward allocation (group vs. individual decision) and the inputs on the perceived fairness of reward allocation by the allocator, and also the effects of the expectation of maintaining the allocator-recipients relationship on the perceived fairness were examined. Hypothesis 1 was that the perceived fairness would be higher in the group decision condition than in the individual decision condition. Hypothesis 2 was that the perceived fairness would be higher when the difference of recipients' performances arose from the differing efforts than when it did the differing abilities. Hypothesis 3 was that the reduction of perceived fairness when the difference of recipients' performances arose the differing abilities be smaller in the group decision than in the individual decision. Hypothesis 4 was that the perceived fairness would be higher when the future relationship was expected than when it was not. Hypothesis 5 was made regarding the interaction of the method of decision and the expectation for the future relationships. The results supported hypotheses 1 and 2. The results indicated that that the methods of decision influenced the perceived fairness, and also that the allocator perceived allocations based on the differing effort and performance as fairer than those based on the differing ability.


Appendectomy is a very common surgical procedure in general surgery. Well-known complications include abscess formation, peritonitis, and wound infection. Ureteral stenosis or obstruction is uncommon, especially with pyelectasis and hydronephrosis. We report a case of ongoing fever after appendectomy in a 27year-old woman. A 27-year-old woman was referred to our department because of persistent fever with right lower abdominal pain for 32 hours. The patient received an abdominal CT immediately; this examination revealed a probably acute inflamed appendix, but not other abnormalities including pyelectasis and hydronephrosis. There was also no medical history of renal diseases. Next, the patient underwent appendectomy. Postoperative pathological examination showed acute suppurative appendicitis. Antibiotics were administered after surgery immediately. The early postoperative course was uneventful. Unfortunately, the patient developed continuous hyperpyrexia three days after operation, C-reactive protein increased continuously up to 122 (0–8 mg/L), and white blood cells increased unobviously (11 · 10/L). The desired result was not reached despite the administration of combinations of antibiotics. With the patient's consent, a second abdominal CT examination was performed, which disclosed pyelectasis and hydronephrosis. Next, retrograde urography was performed and revealed right ureteral stenosis and renal calyx expansion (Fig. 1). After the placement of a P5 double-J stent in the right ureter (Fig. 2), there was rapid normalization of body temperature on the following days. Her C-reactive protein decreased gradually to 10 mg/L three days after stent introduction. The patient was discharged five days after stent placement. To date, the patient has been recovering well. The first case of obstructive anuria after appendectomy for acute appendicitis was described in 1974.1 The common presentation includes flank pain, fever, or leukocytosis, and in most cases is related to an abscess.2 However, unilateral ureteric stenosis after appendectomy with pyelectasis and hydronephrosis is a rare complication. Transabdominal ultrasound technique has proven to be of great value in patients with ureteric diseases only for preliminary diagnosis. Magnetic resonance imaging is a less practical tool in the acute setting. CTwithout contrast agents has been introduced as a rapid method to image ureterolithiasis in adults. However, the considerable radiation dose of a CT of the abdomen should give rise to caution. Retrograde urography or intravenous pyelography is the most optimal method for evaluating the stenosis degree for next therapy.3 Retrograde ureteral stenting is a novel and effective technique for the perioperative period.4 Treatment with a minimally invasive procedure of double-J stent placement was effective and safe in our case, which is


This paper aims to analyze the present situation of the urban environmental problems based on citizens' awareness and intentions in Hangzhou City, China, and to examine the level of citizens' recognition of urban environmental problems and measures. As a result, it is made clear that urban environmental problems in Hangzhou City is becoming complicated and diversified. It is also found out that there exists a citizens' group that is deeply aware of the problems.


The invention relates to a separating element for separating a first and a second space in an aircraft. Here, the separator between a ceiling of the cabin, a luggage stowage compartment in the ceiling of the cabin and between a movable room dividers can be attached. Furthermore, the separation element is by an attachment between the ceiling area, the luggage storage compartment and movable room dividers both light-tight to the ceiling area and light-tight connected to the luggage stowage compartment. Furthermore, the separation element is fitted in such a way that it is light-tight manner to the movable separation space connectable.


Microwave power division employing the field-controllable microwave permeability of ferrites has been used as the basis of current-controlled variable attenuators and switches. Three such devices are described:(a) A 4-port device in waveguide, with ferrite phase shift controlling power division between two ports of exit. Its operating range is 2.7-3.3 Gc/s. (b) A 3-port device, in waveguide or stripline, with a similar basis of control. However, its most suitable application is with a fixed field, as a circulator. (c) A cross-polarization waveguide device using a ferrite to control the rotation of polarization, thereby forming a reflective switch. It is simple and has a good bandwidth, but frequency control is difficult. The construction, mode of operation, and performance are given in each case.


Different anticoagulation strategies have been evaluated to allow left atrial instrumentation during catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation. Most commonly, a low molecular weight heparin is used as bridging therapy before and after the procedure; this strategy, though, is associated with a period at risk for emboli and bleeding complications specially at puncture sites. Performing the procedure on therapeutic Warfarin is an alternative to avoid periods without adequate anticoagulation. This strategy has been shown to be safe, effective and more cost-effective in large centers performing such procedures.


KTSP (school based curriculum) has been applied since year 2006. In KTSP, teacher is the main factor that has a role as a facilitator for the students. Besides that, the students must be active in learning process. But, in fact many teachers still have problems in implementing KTSP, such the difficulty in making lesson plan, syllabus and the difficulty to manage the learning process.
The objective of the research is to describe the implementing KTSP to English teaching in SMK N 1 Kudus and SMK Muhammadiyah Kudus in Academic Year 2011/2012.
The writer used descriptive qualitative research. That method is used to describe the implementing which are faced by the implementing KTSP to English teaching in SMK N 1 Kudus and SMK Muhammadiyah Kudus in Academic Year 2011/2012.The writer collect the data through the questionnaire. The writer analyzed the qualitative data using data reduction, data display, and data verification. Then, make the conclusion of there are problems which are faced by the teachers of SMK N 1 Kudus and SMK Muhammadiyah Kudus in academic year 2011/2012 in implementing KTSP (School Based Curriculum).
 In the result of the research, the writer found the same of the result analyze data beween SMK N 1 Kudus and SMK Muhammadiyah Kudus is sufficient and concludes that there are problems which are faced by the teachers not only caused by the teachers but also caused by the students, the government and the learning facilities. There are 14 kinds of problems that are faced by the teachers of SMK N 1 Kudus and SMK Muhammadiyah Kudus in academic year 2011/2012 implementing KTSP (School Based Curriculum). According to the English teachers, from 14 kinds of problems there are 8 problems come from the teachers themselves. Then, 3 problems come from the students, one problem comes from the government and two problems come from the learning facilities.
Therefore, the writer suggests that the teacher should improve their understanding about the implementation of KTSP. The students should be more active in learning process. Besides that, the government also should provide socializations or training about KTSP, moreover the government also should provide the learning facilities to support the teaching learning process.


healing and reduction of its recovery time in Wound is defined as disruption of anatomy and function of normal skin. This injury could be the result of physical elements such as surgical incision, hit or pressure cut of the skin and gunshot wound. Chemical or caustic burn is another category of wound causes that can be induced by acid or base contact irritation. Healing is a process of cellular and extracellular matrix interactions that occur in the damaged tissue. Wound healing consists of several stages including hemostasis, inflammatory phase, proliferative phase and new tissue formation which reconstructs by new collagen formation. Wounds are divided into acute and chronic types based on their healing time. Acute wounds have sudden onset and in normal individuals usually have healing process of less than 4 weeks without any residual side effects. In contrast, chronic wounds have gradual onset. Their inflammatory phase is prolonged and the healing process is stopped due to some background factors like diabetes, ischemia or local pressure. If the healing process lasts more than 4 weeks it will be classified as chronic wound. in the treatment of wounds, effective modalities for healing wounds in the shortest possible time with the fewest side effects is a phases of wound healing of as and pressure ulcer or incisional wound) and chronic wound models (such as venous leg ulcers, diabetic foot ulcer, pressure ulcers or bedsore) in laboratory animals are presented. This summary can be considered as a preliminary step to facilitate designing of more targeted and applied research in this area. Abstract


Two new kinds of fractional-rate trellis source codes based on linear congruential recursions are evaluated. Properties of good codes are given. Square error distortion is similar to or better than competing schemes.


The outcome of theoretical and experimental research of heat generators, conversing an electrical energy in heat with a conversion coefficient of an energy more than 1,0 are given.


We report a hybrid system based on conducting polymer-semiconductor from poly(o-toluidine) doped with camphor sulfonic acid and cadmium selenide CdSe capped with trisodium citrate by physical mixing method. The influence of CdSe nanoparticles weight percent on the electrical properties of hybrid thin films have been investigated. The conductivity of the hybrid films increases with increasing CdSe content, and then decreases with excess CdSe content. This work introduces a novel bulk heterojunc- tion solar cell from the poly(o-toluidine)/camphor sulfonic acid hybrid nanocomposite material and provides useful evidence apropos the optimum use of CdSe nanoparticles in conductive polymer-based optoelectronics.


This article examines conversation analysis (CA) as a methodology for usability research for technologies used in multiparty contexts. Current laboratory-based usability practices often cannot account for how technologies are used in multi-participant interactions outside of the laboratory. In this article, I review new materialist approaches to usability and consider how CA might be integrated into this theoretical perspective. To do so, I present an example transcript of CA and review CA research on telemedicine in multiparty environments. I use this approach to argue that incorporating CA into a new materialist approach can help usability researchers to reconfigure the technical design of and the socio-material practices surrounding technologies.


NLPstands for Natural Language Processing, it is a kind of artificial intelligence. That demonstrate with scrutinize, understanding, and accuse natural human languages. In such a manner that analog procedure would get in touch and human language excluding computer-propel language like programming language such as c, c++, python, javascript. NLP field contains the intellect computer programming into an understanding language which is understandable by humans. So, powerful algorithms can even interpret one language into another language scrupulously. Natural language processing occasionally also known as computational linguistics, it uses semantics and syntax. It assists computers to acknowledge how humans talk or write and also it will know how to deduce meaning of words that they are saying. A language is designate as a synchronize of rules and symbols. These Symbol are amalgamated and used for disseminate the data as well as make contact to other resources. Symbols are potentiate by the rules and regulations.


When left in air, as‐grown anodic oxides grown under optimized conditions described in the literature have been found to age. It is shown that this is caused by a hygroscopic component in the outer indium‐rich layer of the oxide film. When oxalic acid is present in the forming electrolyte, this phenomenon is not observed: As‐grown oxides are stable and have a constant composition throughout their thickness. This paper discusses some of the properties of the oxide films, both as‐grown and annealed, and some aspects of the chemistry of their formation. This distinct behavior of oxalic acid can be attributed to the fact that it forms soluble complexes with In(III) in the relevant pH range.


Adopting the law of documents and materials Investigation method of the questionnaire,It carrying on research to this amateur sports group's characteristic of university student of Nanjing city football fan diversifiedly and overallly and systematically from many angles of the personal background,Consumer psychology,Sports culture and Sports industry.In order to find out obstruction of watching the match and offer the theoretical foundation for the fact that the popular rate of improving league football match of the job and the industry of every club runs decision.


A generalized method is presented for solving nonlinear networks and studying their sensitivity under steady-state flow conditions. The network may contain elements other than pipes, such as pumps and valves, and unknowns may be combinations of heads, consumptions or element resistances. Conditions for convergence of the Newton-Raphson iterative scheme and the possibility of insolvable problems are discussed. The method's flexibility for handling changes in input data is used in a time-sharing environment as an on-line tool to assist engineering design and decision making. For effective use, large capacity, high-speed computers are necessary. Traditional cut and try procedures for studying water distribution systems may be greatly improved by effective utilization of on-line data storage and interaction of computer programs to perform analysis, synthesis and information retrieval. Available commercial systems provide this capability.


In the past quarter century, research on adolescence has expanded from a near exclusive focus on intraindividual processes to a concern with individuals in an interpersonal context. Today, studies of the impact of relationships within families, with peers, and with romantic partners account for a large proportion of research in the field. This article outlines three features of this transformation: an increasing focus on the nature of, changes in, and the developmental impact of adolescents' relationships with significant others; the expansion and diversification of networks of significant others during adolescence; and the recognition of significant interrelations among these relationships. Contemporary studies require research designs that encompass multiple significant relationships and that assess a broad range of relationship properties.


The coronary arteries usually travel in the connective tissue under the epicardium. If a segment of the coronary artery or a segment of its branch travels in the myocardium, this bundle of myocardial fibers is called the myocardial bridge (myocardial bridge MB), which travels through the myocardial bridge. The underlying coronary artery is called the wall coronary artery [1]. With the development of imaging techniques such as CT Angiography (CTA), Coronary Angiography, and Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS), the detection rate of MB has been significantly improved, and people's understanding has gradually deepened. MB, which was previously considered to be a benign lesion, is increasingly thought to be closely related to myocardial ischemia, arrhythmia, myocardial infarction, and even sudden death [2,3]. It is generally believed that the asymptomatic myocardial bridge generally does not require treatment. For the myocardial bridge causing symptoms, the use of stents is not recommended except for the conventional use of β-blockers, calcium channel blockers and other drugs that reduce myocardial contractility. Treatment Abstract


Human enterovirus 71 (EV71) is one of the main pathogens involved in infantile hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD). Prof. Fengcai Zhu from Jiangsu provincial center for disease prevention and control and his colleagues have completed the phase III evaluation of the EV71 vaccine for the first time globally, and found that EV71 vaccine provides high efficacy, satisfactory safety, and sustained immunogenicity. This finding was online published in the Lancet on May 29th (Efficacy, safety, and immunology of an inactivated alum-adjuvant enterovirus 71 vaccine in children in China: a multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial).


Introduction. An employer brand includes everything practiced to position an organization as a preferred employer. Nowadays, business companies are having more difficulty procuring qualified employees who are vital for company success under keenly competitive business conditions. To cope with this difficulty, companies carry out different practices to attract and retain talent, and the employer brand concept has become one of the tools that business companies use to attract and retain talent.
Aim and tasks. The aim of the study is to investigate, determine and describe how business companies are efficacious in their employer brand management practices to meet the expectations of current and potential employees. It is also aimed to determine which activities are carried out by the business companies for employer branding. In this context, a literature review is carried out within the scope of employer branding to brief the concepts of organizational attractiveness and to ensure organizational commitment.
Results. Within the scope of the research, the semi-structured in-depth interviews with the human resources professionals of seven large-scale, domestic, and foreign companies operating in the Izmir, Istanbul, and Manisa provinces were examined. The findings of the interviews are evaluated by the qualitative analysis method according to the research methodology. The result of the research conducted and the references to the definition of the employer brand were compiled under five nodes. These are the work environment, economic benefits, work-life balance, career development opportunities, and social activities. On the other hand, the economic benefits node was compiled under two different sub-nodes, namely wages and fringe benefits. The characteristics and contributions of the employer branding were investigated, and the effects of the employer brand on retention within the scope of talent management were investigated.
Conclusions. It has been observed that the organizations' awareness level of the employer brand concept is high, and it has been discovered that they have many practices for both potential candidates and current employees. These practices have revealed that they differentiate themselves from their competitors in terms of business characteristics, working environment, and global opportunities. All these efforts provide many benefits such as increases in the number of applications, increases in attractive employer rankings, increases in employee motivation, and decreases in employee turnover rates.


Presentation of Case A seven-year-old girl was admitted to the hospital for evaluation of arthritis, diabetes, mental retardation and steatorrhea. She was the product of a full-term, normal pregnan...


The authors evaluated the clinical characteristics, natural history, and outcomes of patients who had ≤1 cm, lymph node‐negative, triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC).


SUMMARY A new general modelling method for E/D NMOS logic i5 proposed and applied to the case of inverters. In this model, non-linear device currents in the large-signal equivalent circuit are reformulated by the curve-fitting technique. Then output voltage wave-forms are analytically solved region by region from the equivalent circuit. From the derived formulae, the riselfall time and delay time can be calculated. Wide-range comparisons with SPICE simulation results were performed to verify the accuracy and the general applicability of the developed model. Two examples are given to demonstrate the applications of the developed timing model to timing analysis. It is shown that the model has a good accuracy for E/D inverters with a wide range of beta ratios, gate sizes, capacitive loads, input voltage wave-forms and device parameters. Moreover, the required CPU time and memory are small. These make the proposed modelling method an interesting approach to model E/D NMOS gates for CAD applications.


Newborn screening for severe combined immunodeficiency was implemented in Ontario in August 2013. Infants identified by a positive newborn screen are referred in an orderly fashion for evaluation by an expert immunologist and, when appropriate, for immune function studies and treatment.Statement of novelty: We demonstrate a novel flow chart for assessing and referring newborn screen-positive cases.


Hyponymy theory is an important semantic theory,which plays a significant role in English teaching.By simply analyzing the application of hyponymy theory in English listening,reading,and writing teaching,the author gets the conclusion: teachers should apply hyponymy in English teaching in order to improve the students' ability to catch information accurately and communicate effectively.


Accepted December 31, 2010 Abstract: This study consider the possibility of using sawdust powder as an inexpensive adsorbent for the removal of Cr(VI) from contaminated chemical and mining industry wastewaters. The biosorption capacity of the sawdust for hexavalent chromium was studied at different solution pH values (1-8), initial metal concentration (40-1000 mg/L), salinity (1-10 g/L) and temperatures (25-40 oC). An optimum pH value of 5 was found suitable for metal ions removal. The adsorption of chromium attained equilibrium at about 1 h, with maximum removal percent of 25% at initial metal concentration of 1000 mg/L at optimum pH. The Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models were used to describe the uptake of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions. The equilibrium adsorption data were better fitted to Langmuir isotherm (R=0.9938). The maximum capacity (qmax) of biomass was found to be 27.47 mg/g. The adsorption process was found to be exothermic and the thermodynamic parameters (∆G, ∆H and ∆S) were evaluated. The negative ∆G value at various temperatures confirms the biosorption processes is spontaneous.


background This study aimed to determine whether level of personality organization is associated with a relational pattern present in an autobiographical narrative about an important interpersonal relationship. The main goals were to explore whether and how the components of the internal relationship pattern, and whether and how the configurations of the components, are related to personality organization, when integrated personality organization (IPO) is taken into account.


This thesis deals with the symptoms of nonverbal communication, and specifically haptic exploration of relations between the Roma and Czech community.The theoretical part is further broken down communication as such, as well as verbal com-ponent of communication to and together with the associated ontogenesis of speech, langu-age, speech, language and literacy. Further detail here define an introduction to nonverbal communication and its elaboration in terms of species. A separate chapter is devoted to haptic, touch, also cultural differences and touch therapy.The practical part of the thesis is focused on the research gaps and differences between Czech and Roma community. Specifically, the preschool and early school age. The results of an exploratory survey were collected through a questionnaire survey and formed ob-servation sheets bags, which are made up of five sub-groups.


The authors address the problem of inverting the dielectric response function of a superlattice in the random-phase approximation using a real-space formalism. They discuss the nature of the plasmons in such a system and point out how the formalism may be used to calculate the energy loss of hot electrons through plasmon emission.


Abstract To assess whether certain abnormalities of the sulfated amino acid metabolism are associated with the occurrence of thromboembolic events in patients with inherited thrombophilic conditions, the levels of homocyst(e)ine, before or after methionine load, and the presence of the Ala223Val substitution in the 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) were evaluated in 119 subjects with a congenital single thrombophilic condition (type I deficiency of antithrombin n=10, protein C n=24, protein S n=16; activated protein C resistance due to factor V Leiden mutation n=69). Sixty-three subjects had experienced at least one documented thrombotic event, while the remaining 56 subjects were still free from any thrombotic symptom. Our results show that (1) high homocyst(e)ine levels, either in fasting condition or after methionine load, were not more frequent in subjects with inherited thrombophilic alterations (14.4%) than in normal control subjects (10% by definition) and (2) the frequency of hyperh...


The first of the two following interviews was conducted by Kiyoshi Okonogi, a Japanese journalist. It was published in condensed form in Asahi Shimbum, one of Japan's leading newspapers, on October 16, 1991. The second interview was conducted by Robert Weissman, editor of Multinational Monitor, and published in its September 1991 issue. MM's address is Box 19405, Washington, D.C. 20036, and the annual subscription rate is $25 for individuals. —The EditorsThis article can also be found at the Monthly Review website, where most recent articles are published in full.Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.


(57) Abstract: with an enteric coating on the oral product comprising the liquid mixture was formed on the basis of the composition and such composition for forming the enteric coating of the alginate particles and a binder oral dosage formulations.


Our regular Canadian correspondent, Anita Brooks-Kirkland, describes the Canadian School Libraries and Eric Walters collaborative effort to create the School Library Summer Lending Program in Canada. Brooks-Kirkland also outlines the research that explored the resulting highly successful program highlighting the factors of access, choice and trust.


The Mekong estuarine system is a sensitive region which is strongly effected from economic activities in the south Vietnam. This ecosystem is not only impacted by anthropogenic factors but also known as one of severely affected areas by climate change. The issue of environmental management in this estuarine system is very important and necessary. Many coastal provinces in the Mekong delta have awareness of environmental estuarine management to set up bio-monitoring programs for water and ecological quality. However, there is no province including meiobenthos or nematode communities in environmental bio-monitoring while they are clearly proven to be a helpful bio-indicator. This paper concerns to some baseline data of meiobenthos and nematode communities in this region to recommend applying nematode in meiobenthos communities for environmental bio – monitoring and management in the Mekong estuarine area.


Drawing on the first systematic study of cultural capital in contemporary Britain, 'Culture, Class, Distinction' examines the role played by culture in the relationships between class, gender and ethnicity. Its findings promise a major revaluation of the legacy of Pierre Bourdieu's account of the relationships between class and culture.


This paper represents an expert system which determines to what extant a building is risky. In this purpose, all the available systems to analyze the risk of a building are first examined. The existing systems are unable to handle uncertainty, which is actually a big challenge for analyzing the risk of a building. However, the rule based expert system, proposed in this paper is capable of capturing all the uncertainties during the risk analysis of a building. The proposed system is developed by using Rule based Inference Methodology Using Evidential Reasoning (RIMER) Approach. Signs of a risky building are considered by RIMER Approach to infer the risk level of a building. Experimented results show that the proposed system analyzes level of the risk more efficiently than the existing systems.


1. THE PHENOMENON OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION THROUGH BOTTOM-UP INTEGRATION. ANALOGIES WITH THE REICH AFTER THE PEACE OF WESTPHALIA 2. THE INTEGRATION OF ADMINISTRATIVE LEGITIMACY IN THE LEGAL SYSTEMS OF MEMBER STATES 3. THE MAIN MANIFESTATIONS OF THE INTEGRATION BETWEEN EUROPEAN SUBSTANTIVE LAW AND NATIONAL FORMAL LAW IN THE ITALIAN LEGAL SYSTEM 4. HISTORY DOES NOT ALWAYS REPEAT ITSELF. EU LEGAL INTEGRATION AND...THE CHALLENGE OF THE NECESSARY INSTITUTIONAL EFFECTS


In this paper, asymptotic boundary conditions with finite element method for axisymmetric permanent magnet focusing system is presented. Asymptotic boundary conditions is implemented in magnetic field simulator (MFS). And the asymptotic boundary conditions has been applied to improve calculating precision and computational efficiency.


Recalling the development of automobile safety technology, the development status of active safety technology for automobiles is described.The typical active safety technology of modern automobiles- EBD and other characteristics are analyzed and evaluated.The development trend of automobile safety technology in the future is briefly introduced.


Background: High blood pressure is a common and dangerous condition. Having high blood pressure means the pressure of the blood in your blood vessels is higher. Many antihypertensive medications and lifestyle changes have proven to reduce blood pressure. Over the past few decades, numerous additional modalities have been evaluated in regard to their potential blood pressure-lowering abilities. However, this non-dietary, non-drug treatments, collectively called alternative approaches has generally undergone less and less rigorous trials.
Methods and materials: The study was conducted on hypertensive geriatric group, at old-age home in India (Pune city) with equal distribution of both genders by taking 30 each sample in both experimental and control groups using non-probability convenient sampling technique. Blood pressure of both experimental and control groups were measured before and after the intervention. Data were collected, tabulated and analyzed in terms of the objectives of the study using descriptive and inferential statistics.
Results: Majority of respondents in experimental and control group belongs to the age group of 71-75, which accounts for about 46.67 and 43.33% respectively. In pre-test findings, maximum percentage of the respondents in experimental (83.33%) and control (56.67%) were having stage-I hypertension.
On the other hand, in post-test findings, 76.33% of subjects in the experimental group had normal blood pressure, 6.67% had stage-I hypertension and in the control group, 10% of them had pre hypertension, 70% of them had stage - I hypertension and 20% of them had stage - II hypertension. Considering the impact of guided imagery therapy on blood pressure the mean scores of experimental and control group is 50.53 and 60.93, the difference in mean scores is 10.4, thus it indicates that guided imagery therapy reduces blood pressure in hypertensive geriatric clients.
Conclusion: The study concluded that guided imagery therapy reduces blood pressure in hypertensive geriatric group.


Focusing on the disadvantages of existing analysis which considers factors incomplete and inconsistent with the actual continuous transmission system,this paper proposed a method of studying joint influence of synchronization error on MIMO-OFDM system.The expression of demodulate signal and mean signal interference ratio(MSIR) were derived under the joint interference of synchronization error.By simulating system performance in additive white Gaussian noise(AWGN) channel and multipath fading channel,the result indicates the feasibility of the method.


Based on wave equations of unsaturated porous media,the dispersion equation for Love waves in unsaturated soil layer overlying an elastic half-space was derived considering viscous coupling among soil,water gas and the solid skeleton.The influences of saturation level and frequency on the wave velocity of shear waves in unsaturated porous media were analyzed firstly.Then,the dispersion curves and displacement distributions for various Love wave modes at different levels of saturation were obtained in graphic forms by use of a numerical method.The numerical results showed that the wave velocity and attenuation coefficient of Love waves in the upper unsaturated soil layer are not only frequency-dependent,but also related to the saturation level of the soil;the higher modes of Love waves(n≥2) at different saturation conditions always have different cut-off frequencies.Also,the influence of saturation level on the amplitude of horizontal displacement of Love waves was discussed.


Abstract Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of pollutants which occur in considerable amounts in the environment and food. In this study, a meta-analysis study was conducted on PAHs concentrations in fish in different parts of the world. The results showed that the PAHs were observed and quantified in fish in the most considered studies. The maximum and minimum concentration of PAHs was found in Cynoglossus Bilineatus fish of Persian Gulf (3970 ng/kg) and Cyprinus Carpio fish of Caspian Sea (0.004 ng/kg), respectively. These values are below the maximum value currently allowed by European Union regulations (12.0 μg/kg wet weight).


In this article, we provide a theoretical extension and empirical test of team reflexivity. Building on West's (1996) conceptual discussions of team reflexivity, we argue that in the context of teams with innovative projects (e.g. product development teams), team reflexivity will be positively related to team effectiveness and efficiency. Furthermore, we specify social skills and project management skills as important determinants of team reflexivity. Using data from 575 members, leaders, and team external managers referring to 145 software development teams, we find that team reflexivity is positively related to team effectiveness but not efficiency. Furthermore, both social skills and project management skills are positively related to team reflexivity. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.


Recent advances in technique and equipment of prostate cryosurgery now make percutaneous prostate cryoablation with transrectal ultrasound guidance a useful treatment for patients with unresectable locally extensive disease. This text covers the essential techniques in prostate cryosurgery.


We develop a method for multiscale hybrid simulations of molecular dynamics (MD) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD). In this method, the usual lattice-mesh based simulations are applied for the CFD level, but each lattice is associated with a small MD cell that generates a "local stress" according to a "local flow field" given from CFD instead of using any constitutive functions at the CFD level. We carried out hybrid simulations for some elemental flow problems involving simple Lennard-Jones liquids and compared the results with those obtained by usual CFD with a Newtonian constitutive relation in order to examine the validity of our hybrid simulation method. It is demonstrated that our hybrid simulations successfully reproduce the correct flow behavior obtained from usual CFD as long as the mesh size Δx and the time step Δt of CFD are not too large compared to the system size lMD and the sampling duration tMD of MD simulations performed at each time step of the CFD. Otherwise, the simulations are af...


In general, agricultural fields are managed as uniform units, ignoring spatial soil heterogeneity and its effects on growth and yield of field crops. This study was conducted from June 2001—February 2002 and examines the effects of spatial variation of soil properties on the winter yield of a two-year-old lucerne stand on two soil types using geostatistical procedures. Seventy-two sampling points (nodes) were laid out on a 20 m square grid, with an additional 90 sampling points laid out on a 2.5 m square grid at six randomly selected node points to ensure that the total spatial structure would be identified. From initial soil sampling and analyses, the two experimental soils were classified as belonging to the Stella and Pyramid soil families with inter alia mean clay contents of 45% and 46%, pH(H2O) values of 7.8 and 8.8, and mean P status (Ambic) contents of 18.3 and 6.4 mg kg−1 respectively. Green biomass lucerne yield was determined on six occasions at all nodes, while soil sampling (0–300 mm layer) and analyses were done once in June 2001. Basic statistical analyses showed, for some soil properties, two distinct data populations, emphasizing the presence of two soil types. A yield prediction model (R = 0.55) contained pH(H2O), organic C, K and sand contents as variables. The geostatistical analyses of the yield model variables produced standard semi-variograms although with highly variable autocorrelation lengths. Making use of various kriging techniques, maps of soil properties and yield were compiled. These maps reveal that spatial variation of yield bears a fair resemblance to that of some soil properties and, therefore, supports the validity of the yield prediction model for this case study. This study has shown that the scale of variation of lucerne yield can be related to that of soil properties, a finding which can be useful when designing sampling schemes.


FIELD: information technology. SUBSTANCE: system contains a "protected virtual machine" that interacts with two "virtual defense machines", while the "protected virtual machine" contains a task creation tool; means of collection; means of calculating dynamics; means for selecting the "virtual protection machine" based on the obtained dependence of the effectiveness of the anti-virus scan; determining the time for the start of the anti-virus scan so that the anti-virus scan is completed no later than the set time and at least one of the criteria is fulfilled - the anti-virus scan takes the shortest time; anti-virus scanning takes less time than specified; a minimum amount of computing resources is required to perform an anti-virus scan; for performing an anti-virus scan, the computing resources are less than the specified; transfer information about the selected "virtual protection machine", which contains the most effective time for starting the anti-virus scan. EFFECT: reducing the use of the total computing resources of virtual machines during an anti-virus scan. 8 cl, 5 dwg


In this paper, some inequalities for permanents and permanental minors of row substochastic matrices are proved. The convexity of the permanent function on the interval between the identity matrix and an arbitrary row substochastic matrix is also proved. In addition, a conjecture about the permanent and permanental minors of square row substochastic matrices with fixed row and column sums is formulated.


In this report, we present a method for improving selectivity in methanol sensing, using MoO3 micrograss encapsulated ZnO microcube based composite. MoO3micrograss and ZnO microcubes are synthesized by the conventional hydrothermal method, after that, a solution based synthesis approach to synthesize MoO3 micrograss encapsulated ZnO microcube. Grown materials are characterized by FESEM, XRD, EDX, and BET surface area analysis by nitrogen adsorption-desorption technique. Volatile organic compounds sensing performance of these three type material are tested. Results indicate that MoO3 micrograss encapsulated ZnO microcube composite has higher sensitivity and selectivity towards methanol compare to its individual component. Improvement in sensing performance in MoO3 micrograss encapsulated ZnO microcube is attributed to the unique morphology and presence of n-n heterojunction between ZnO microcube and MoO3 micrograss.


Education is a mandatory requirement that must be possessed by every human being, until whenever education is needed by every individual human to fulfill the needs and perfect themselves as people who are knowledgeable, moral, and useful in a national development. This type of research uses quantitative descriptive research. Ali Maksum (2012: 68) descriptive research is research that is conducted to describe the real occurrence of circumstances. the results of the study obtained the implementation of the 2013 curriculum in physical education in the Junior High School in the Kertosono Subdistrict. the "low" category is 5 students or 22.8%; "medium" category as many as 8 students or 36.3%; the "high" category is 4 students or 18.2%; and the category of "very high" by 2 students or by 9.1%


Through the establishment of fuzzy judgment target system,the similar reference case was selected and the comparative analysis was carried out.The quoted price of land was estimated by utilizing the method of fuzzy mathematics and the computation was presented for the actual case.


The global pandemic of Civid-19 has led to significant changes in the transformation of the system of education and teacher training. Regarding the training of prospective preschool teachers at the institutions of higher education, there is a growing need to develop multiple competencies so that a teacher can create an emotionally safe and supervised learning environment. Our study highlights the importance of the responsiveness of preschool teachers in providing supportive responses, responsibility, and guidance regulating children's emotions in the pedagogical activity. The aim of the study is to analyze and compare the perceptions of students, pre-service preschool teachers, on teachers' emotional responsiveness before the global pandemic and during the Covid-19 emergency. The materials and methods used in the study include the theoretical method – the analysis of literature - and the empirical method – a survey of 600 part-time students working in pre-school educational institutions in 2018 and in 2020. The survey was conducted online. The data were processed using the software SPSS. The results of the study demonstrate that, generally, the Covid-19 emergency has increased the willingness of prospective preschool teachers to undertake responsibility and leadership in regulating children's emotions. The students have become more responsible and determined; their understanding of the importance of emotional responsiveness in teacher's work is higher than before the pandemic


Lower Hollywood. Pertinent data for these reservoirs are shown in Table 1. Figure 1 shows typical conditions at the Lower Hollywood reservoir. Under some high-flow operation it becomes necessary to use three or four of the five gate elevations. The bottom gate at el 580 (not shown) is buried under many years' accumulation of silt and organic debris and cannot be used. The graphs in the center of the chart show temperature and depth relationships at different periods of the year. The circulating zone, or epilimnion, gradually increases in temperature throughout the spring and summer, resulting in the formation of a relatively narrow stratum characterized by sharp temperature differentials. This layer is called the transition zone, mesolimnion, or thermocline, and it effectively prevents the stagnation zone, or hypolimnion, from replenishing its oxygen supply. The hypolimnion is the problem zone. Shut off from a source of DO by the thermocline, the hypolimnion suffers oxygen depletion, which results in the anaerobic decomposition of organic debris such as dead algae, aquatic weeds, leaves, and dead fish. This causes tastes and odors, produces a more acid environment, promotes sulfide formation, and results in increased ammonia, phosphates, nitrogen, and various metallic constituents.


Targeted delivery via surface receptors can signi�cantly improve the therapeutic e�cacy and reduce the adverse drug reactions. The protein nanocarrier system offers many advantages, such as encapsulation in various drugs and molecules and prolonged circulation. Here, the folate receptor-targeted folic acid-conjugated retinoic acid-loaded glutenin nanoparticles (FA-RA-Glu NPs) were successfully synthesised for enhanced delivery of retinoic acid to breast cancer cells (MCF-7). After a complete physico-chemical characterisation of FA-RA-Glu NPs, stability, drug release, release kinetics, cytotoxicity, apoptosis, cell death, and nucleic acid fragmentation were analysed. The results showed that FA-RA-Glu NPs were (cid:0)185 nm in size, predominantly spherical in shape, crystalline in nature and had a zeta potential of − 3 mV. The RA encapsulation e�ciency and loading capacity of Glu NPs were 83.537% ± 3.32% and 9.917 ± 1.68%, respectively. The effects of FA-RA-Glu NPs against MCF-7 cells signi�cantly reduced the number of viable cells and the induction of apoptosis. The cellular uptake study showed that the FA-RA-Glu NPs had facilitated endocytosis and delivered RA into MCF-7 cells. After treatment with FA-RA-Glu NPs, contracted nuclei and deformed membrane bodies were observed as typical apoptotic morphological changes. The released RA also targeted the mitochondria of MCF-7 cells, which signi�cantly increased the levels of reactive oxygen species and contributed to the damage of mitochondrial membrane integrity. These results suggest that FA-RA-Glu NPs with facilitated endocytosis and targeted delivery of RA into MCF-7 cells may have signi�cant therapeutic potential for the treatment of breast cancer.


Water resources system in irrigation district includes not only constructed infrastructure system but also natural environmental system. How to combine the two systems together is important for watershed and irrigation district management. ArcHydro model has provided a method for hydrology and water resources analysis but lost the ability to model infrastructure system of water resources engineering in irrigation district. The paper has analyzed the characteristics of ArcHydro model, and use ArcHydro feature to model the properties of irrigation infrastructure system, water resources engineering and natural environmental system. The three kinds of features in water resources engineering are given to illustrate the properties of irrigation infrastructure systems, including point feature of monitoring station, line feature of cannel and area feature of reservoir. The irrigation district network model of Shulehe River in Hexi corridor of northwest China is given to illustrate the model of irrigation facilities and water resource management.


In this paper a Wilkinson power divider (WPD) is presented with ultrawide-band operation and harmonic suppression. This WPD is designed using coupling lines and meandered open stubs at main branches. The center frequency of the presented WPD is 4.25 GHz, which is fabricated and measured on RT/Duroid substrate with dielectric constant of 2.2. The proposed WPD provides good filtering band with high attenuation level. The 15 dB return loss operational bandwidth (BW) of the WPD is obtained between 3.2 GHz and 5.3 GHz, which shows 50% operational bandwidth.


ABSTRACT Researchers have shown that consumers perceive brands, as they do people, on the basis of two dimensions: warmth and competence. Hedonic brands therefore try to create a pleasant experience for the customer, highlighting the warmth dimension, whereas utilitarian brands emphasize the competence dimension. Research on the innuendo effect has shown that if a person is described positively in terms of only one dimension, people make negative inferences about the other dimension. The current study provides evidence that this effect also emerges in the advertising context—that is, when a brand is described only with one of the two dimensions.


Among the theoretical and experimental research of the reflective intensity modulated fiber optic sensor (RIM FOS), a very important problem is always neglected, which is the effect on the intensity modulation caused by perpendicularity between the axis of fiber pairs and the reflector, i.e., the obliquity of the reflector In the light of this, the mathematical analysis of this effect is performed The simulation results of the RIM FOS characteristic parameters with the different obliquity of the reflector are computed and the characteristic curves are plotted Results show that the obliquity of the reflector exerts great influence on the modulation function of the fiber pair So advice is presented that the axis of fiber pair should be perpendicular to the reflector.


Roman plasters sampled from different houses at the archaeological site of Herculaneum, Italy, (2010–12) were studied by means of petrography, thermal analysis and X-ray fluorescence. Herculaneum plasters are composed by preparatory layers (arriccio) with a thickness of several centimetres and are based on a calcitic binder and volcanic scoriae as aggregates, covered by a thin final layer characterized by a low granulometry. Most of the sampled plasters can be placed into two groups based on the aggregate composition and classified as marmorino or intonachino. However, a similar aggregate composition did not induce superimposable thermal behaviour, thus suggesting that the samples underwent different ageing/weathering processes, with a consequent change of the ratio among the components.


The paper studies the influence of foreign direct investment on economic growth. To study this relation was used the endogenous growth model with the expanding product variety. Into the model was introduced a new variable which captures the impact of FDI on the rate of economic growth. The estimating equation, derived from the theoretical model, is examined for two groups of countries – OECD and CEE. I implemented OLS method and panel estimation with the use of instrumental variables. The estimation results show that FDI has a positive impact on economic growth in the OECD countries. In the CEEC group the relation is not very clear.


SuperSpec is an ultra-compact on-chip spectrometer for mm/submm astronomy. SuperSpec's compact size
and wide spectral bandwidth will be uniquely powerful to perform multi-object spectroscopy for high redshift
surveys, and for tomographic studies of the epoch of reionization (EoR). SuperSpec employs the use of kinetic
inductance detectors (KID) to build highly multiplexed arrays. A full instrument of~ 500 channels can be
lithographed on a few cm2 of silicon. In this thesis, we explored electromagnetic designs to improve sensitivity of KIDs. We show that we can
reliably remove up to 753 of the current design's inductor volume to obtain improvements in sensitivities
up a factor of four. We also explored two filter designs that can deliver higher power to the detectors. Our
half-wave transmission line filters can only deliver up to 503 of power to the detectors. Both ring resonators
and backshorted detectors can deliver unity power, however we found that the large coupling length needed
in order to properly use ring resonators would be impractical in a. filterba.nk. Lastly we explored different
filterbank designs. Multiple detectors read out together in a single channel has higher resolving power
than single detector channels. Backshorted detectors offer higher resolving power than two paired detector
channels, but under-performs three or more paired detector channels.


Introduction:
Different behavior of stainless-steel wires manufactured by different companies is observed in clinical situations.
The purpose of this study was to compare the load-deflection rate of a specific size of stainless-steel wire from
different companies which are available in Iran,s commercial market. This comparison allows classification of these
wires and also the wire with best characteristics will be clarified.
Materials & Methods:
This experimental study was carried on cross-sectional base. Round 0.016 inch stainless-steel wires from 9 different
companies were used in this investigation. 14 wires from each company were chosen on random base. 14 Wires
from each company were divided in two groups of 7, group A and B with 3 and 1.5mm deflection respectively. The
tests were done using Zwick testing machine model Z250. Loading and Unloading forces of wires in predetermined
distances were measured. The total of 126 tests were measured. Upon these measurements, the load-deflection curve
was drown. Using SPSS software the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was done and each wire from a
company was compared to other companies using Tukey analysis.
Results:
The load deflection curves obtained were similar to typical curve of stainless-steel wires. The one-way analysis of
variance (ANOVA) showed that there was no significant difference between the wires belonged to group A in three
different deflection, i.e. 2.5, 2, and 1.5mm at a level of 5%, but he difference between the wires belonged to group B
in 1.5 mm deflection was significant (P<0.001).
Conclusion:
In this study it was found out that among the 9 different wires, tested, the RMO wites produced the minimum force
levels and Dentaurum wires produced the maximum force levels in both groups. This means that RMO wires had
better tissue compatibility. Moreover, it was found out that even the wires made by the same factory did not have a
similar behavior. Among the tested wires, the Ortho technology wires had minimum and the GAC ones had
maximum similarity to each other.
Key words:
Load-deflection rate, three-bracket bending test, stainless steel wire.


The field‐induced strain characteristics have been investigated for a sequence of La‐modified lead zirconate titanate (PLZT) compositions. It was shown that the increase in the ease of polarization switching is essential for maximum electrically induced strains in PLZT ceramics. For PLZT compositions close to the morphotropic phase boundary this was realized by adjusting the base composition to be close to the boundary between tetragonal and rhombohedral states, where the polarization has a maximum number of equivalent orientations (6 for tetragonal plus 8 for rhombohedral) by which to switch. For PLZT compositions located in either the rhombohedral or tetragonal states, the ease of polarization switching was facilitated by La doping until the point where the normal micron‐sized ferroelectric domains began to break up into tweedlike subdomain structures. Polarization switching may then occur through the subdomain state, rather than by the creation and subsequent motion of normal micron‐sized domain bounda...


My reply intends to be not primarily a critical one but, instead, a clarifying one. Neither of the two individual but inter-related paradoxes John Covaleskie identifies I find to be intrinsically paradoxical. However, I believe there is indeed something paradoxical about a distinct kind of virtue that is presupposed by democratic education as its fundamental aim, and that conditions the very possibility of democracy as a way of life and a form of political governance. This is the virtue of moral autonomy. I believe it comprises an ability and disposition not fully revealed or accounted for in the context of citizenship or political education. As such, the distinction between, on the one hand, socialization into the ethics and politics of a culture and, on the other, education for moral autonomy is an important one.


Language is an essential element of culture and it is possible to transfer cultural information via language. Mean-while, cultural changes affect the development of the language elements such as grammar, pronunciation, vocabulary and usage. Therefore, the study of a culture cannot be complete without learning the language in which cultural codes are transmitted. Proverbs are an important part of the language. The contents include moral values, lifestyle, traditional culture and many other aspects. They demonstrate some ethnic cultural values, reflect the inner world of the people. There are many Chinese proverbs showing the traditional ideas of marriage and the right choice of a spouse. The family as a unit of society is an important carrier of continuity and the development of national culture. This article dis-cusses the importance of family life and the meanings of marriage based on the analysis of some typical related Chinese proverbs. The characteristics and special features of Chinese traditional family and marriage values can be repre-sented in these proverbs. The deep structure of the proverbs indicates the need to preserve stability and harmony in the family and marriage, which is one of the most crucial values identified and substantiated through long history. This paper suggests that traditional Chinese people have been paying great attention to the family life and quality of marriage. It emphasizes that when choosing a spouse, moral qualities were considered more seriously than outer appear-ance. Besides, the positions of the husband and wife should be roughly equal in terms of social classes, financial con-ditions and educational backgrounds. Proverbs conveys the traditional ideas that men take the leading and dominant roles in family life. By analyzing Chinese proverbs about marriage and family relationships, one can gain further understanding of the traditional Chinese view of marriage and love. In Chinese society at the beginning of the 21st century, traditional values are still the resources for people to develop the new concepts of relations between spouses and such research meets the requirements of the social development of modern society.


Foreign a debt is amount of funds obtained from other countries which are reflected in the balance of payment for investment activities, according to the saving-investment, and foreign exchange will be undertaken by the government and the private sector. The purpose of this the research is to know how the budget deficit, gross domestic product, government expenditure and dollar exchange rate toward Indonesian government foreign debt as long as 2000-2015.The was given by using multiple linear regression analysis, classic assumption (normality test, autocorrelation test, heteroscedasticity test, multicllinearitity test), statistic test (R2 test, t-test, F-test). The results of research was budget deficit and gross domestic product has a positive correlation and it influence toward foreign debt, government expenditure has a negative correlationand influence toward foreign debt, and dollar exchange rate has a positive correlation and did not have influence toward Indonesian government foreign debt. Keywords : Indonesian government foreign debt, budget deficit, gross domestic product, government expenditure and dollar exchange rate


In order to improve the quality of the student education,according to the demand of the continuously changing situation,the education plan should be revised.It is very important to make a reasonable,feasible and perfect education project.This article indicates some success innovations such as enhancing basic course teaching,broadening range of major's,perfecting knowledge structure and course system,compressing teaching hours,designing a reasonable proportion of each teaching module,emphasizing on practice teaching and the computer practice,enhancing the ability of foreign language using,launching second major course,carrying out the off class education module.


The torus parametrization of quasiperiodic local isomorphism classes is introduced and used to determine the number of elements in such a class with special symmetries or inflation properties. The method is explained in an illustrative fashion for some widely used tiling classes with golden mean rescaling, namely for the Fibonacci chain (one-dimensional), the triangle and Penrose patterns (two-dimensional) and for Kramer's and Danzer's icosahedral tilings (three-dimensional). We obtain a rather complete picture of the orbit structure within these classes, and also discuss various general results.


There has been much recent interest in heat transport in nanostructures, and alsoin the structure, properties, and growth of biological materials. Here we present measurements of thermal properties of a nanostructured biomineral, ivory. The room-temperature thermal conductivity of ivory is anomalously low in comparison with its constituent components. Low-temperature (2300 K) measurements ofthermal conductivity and heat capacity reveal a glass-like temperature dependenceof the thermal conductivity and phonon mean free path, consistent with increased phonon-boundary scattering associated with nanostructure. These results suggest that biomineral-like nanocomposite structures could be useful in the design of novel high-strength materials for low thermal conductivity applications.


This article seeks to explore the means whereby the Spanish Monarchy under the last Habsburg, Charles II (1665–1700), contributed to its own survival in the era of Louis XIV by exploring its acquisition and use of intelligence. There was nothing particularly distinctive about Spain's intelligence machinery. Nor was it always effective. Nevertheless, Spain's extensive diplomatic and imperial network facilitated the acquisition of a great deal of information which on occasion was clearly of great importance – for example, in preventing the destruction of Charles II's fleet in the summer of 1693 by that of Louis XIV. In sum, intelligence contributed to the remarkable resilience of the Spanish Monarchy in an age of supposed Spanish decline.


Plants play an essential role in the ecosystem of our planet, and their significance is immeasurable. Detection of plant disease at an early stage is very important. It aids in minimizing crop losses, which can have severe consequences on the livelihoods of farmers as well as global food security. By identifying plant diseases early, the spread of the disease can be stopped, reducing crop losses. Detecting plant diseases accurately enables farmers and researchers to select the most effective treatment or management strategy, saving time, money, and resources by preventing the unnecessary use of pesticides or other interventions that may not work. The potential use of Deep Learning techniques, particularly transfer learning, for the detection of plant diseases could provide valuable support to farmers who may not have the resources or expertise to hire specialized experts. We are proposing a technique to classify plant disease by images of the plants by using transfer learning models. The paradigm is to use numerous models which then will be used to put out a comparative analysis where we put out different results to assert the viability of using the defined methods in order to visually categorize the plant diseases.


As an important task of video enhancement, a lot of video stabilization methods have been proposed. However in many real-world applications, especially the systems with human-computer interactions, existing methods only remove camera motion in stabilized frames, the remaining object motion will also lead to deviations in manual inputs. In this paper, we collect practical hand drawn bounding boxes which have been shown to contain serious errors. Then we propose a target-focused video stabilization method consisting of a proposal-based detection component and a tracking-based motion estimation component. The experiments demonstrate our method can remove camera jitter and target motion simultaneously, and also offer users a friendly and effective way to draw accurate target regions.


Several tests (e.g., Bartlett's test, Cochran's test, Hartley's test) are available in the literature for testing (Ho) the equality of several variances of normal populations. These tests demonstrate only the statistical significance of variances. Using the cube -root transformation of Wilson and Hilferty (1931), Rao and Harikrishna (1997) developed a graphical procedure for testing Ho. In this paper, using the log-transformation of Bartlett and Kendall (1946), a new graphical procedure is proposed for testing Ho These graphical procedures demonstrate the statistical as well as engineering significance of variances. The two graphical procedures are compared in the case of equal sample sizes and observed that the new procedure is better than Rao and Harikrishna's procedure when the sample size is greater than ten in each sample


With estimated global emissions of 5,969-6,615 Mt CO2-eq. per year, agriculture accounts for about 13.5% of total global anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases (U.S. EPA, 2006; IPCC, 2007b). N2O emissions from soils, through activities such as applying fertilizers and livestock manure, and methane emissions from enteric fermentation in livestock make up the majority of emissions from agriculture, as shown in Table 1. Although agricultural soils emit and absorb large amounts of CO2, the net flux is close to zero. CO2 emissions from agricultural electricity and fuel use are typically counted as building and transportation sector emissions rather than agriculture emissions (IPCC, 2007c).


The aesthetic preferences of the artist depend upon his cultural background as well as his training and experience. However, a substantial body of evidence advocate in favor of a biological basis of some aesthetic preferences. Τhe perception of painting, on the other hand, involves extensive neuronal circuits in the brain, which are extended widely at cortical and subcortical level. The center of vision in the occipital lobe perceives the information of the picture and collaborating with the temporal, parietal, frontal lobes and the thalamus attempts to understand the meaning as well as the emotional and philosophical message of the artist.3


Transport of intensity and transport of spectrum equations are derived for fields having an arbitrary state of coherence. The results may improve the estimation of phase-contrast images and facilitate new phase-retrieval techniques.


Digital hospital building is hot spot in hospital developing now.It also is an important platform of medical information exploiting on hospital.We should carry on digital building well and exploiting medical information greatly so as to promote development of medical science.


This paper focuses on using gas turbines in various industries, particularly aviation, due to their unique power-to-weight ratio. It provides a detailed description of how gas turbines operate based on the thermodynamic Brayton cycle, which includes compressors, combustors, and power turbines. Additionally, the paper analyses both ideal and realistic cycles of gas turbines. Despite numerous advantages, gas turbines have limitations, such as high fuel consumption. However, technological advancements have led to the development of more efficient and quieter gas turbines. The paper explains the classification of jet engines, including turbojets, turboprops, and turbofans, each with specific applications. Moreover, the paper discusses the efforts to reduce the use of fossil fuels in aviation due to the increasing awareness of the impact of climate change. Scientists and engineers are exploring substitute fuels and materials and developing gas turbine systems that maximize work generated with minimal combustion; thus, this paper also highlights the importance of developing more efficient and environmentally friendly gas turbines to reduce the industry's carbon footprint while maintaining their productivity.


Partial hydrolysis of metal alkoxide precursors results in the fonnation of colloidal particles or polymers in a liquid, i.e., a sol. The sol then undergoes polymerization via hydrolysis and condensation to fonn an oxide network. Subsequent heat treatment of the oxide network yields a dense oxide ceramic. One of the most valuable advantages of sol-gel processing over conventional powder processing is that the viscous solution obtained during sol-gel processing allows the formation of ceramic materials in many different forms such as fibers [2], films [3], monoliths [ 4], and aero gels [5].


The aim of the paper is to summarise the progress, evaluate main achievements and identify main economic challenges emerging from Croatia's accession to the EU. Based on an overview of Croatia's accession process, its economic development, empirical and theoretical studies dealing with effects of economic integration, potential economic impacts of Croatia's EU membership on Croatia, EU and CEFTA countries are outlined. It is concluded that economic impacts depend on the dynamics on the reforms within the EU and candidate countries, continuation of the enlargement process and efficiency of regional cooperation.


An inverted organic solar cell based on poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and 1-(3-methoxycarbonyl)-propyl-1-phenyl-(6,6)C61 (PCBM) was fabricated with an ultrathin Ca electron-transporting layer and MoO3 hole-transporting layer. The 1 nm Ca on indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode modifies the work function of ITO suitable for electron extraction. An appropriate thickness of MoO3 hole extraction layer is also essential to effectively prevent exciton quenching at the Ag anode, yet not introduce much voltage loss and series resistance. The optical field distribution across the active layer was also simulated to discuss the effect of MoO3 thickness on the photocurrent. The maximum power conversion efficiency obtained was 3.55% under simulated 100 mW/cm2 (AM 1.5G) solar irradiation.