Introduction The places where we live have become the subject of a con- tinuous flow of discussion and illustration. What have typi- cally been called "shelter" magazines (now perhaps more accurately described as "lifestyle" magazines) have prolifer- ated on the newsstands. Metropolitan Home and Sunset mag- azines bracket the coasts with their respective visions of the good life incarnate. Numerous trade organizations involved in the production of housing put forth journals, hold conventions, prime the pump for newer and better housing. The Congress for the New Urbanism holds annual conferences to explore the habitability of the pubic realm and the ways in which it can be produced as an accompaniment to housing development, and many pro- fessional organizations offer seminars and courses in the design of good communities. The fabric of space and experience that surrounds our lives is inexorably changing, transformed by the prosperity that lends many householders margins of comfort and a thirst for expression. Others, meanwhile, swept from the circle of affluence, are left struggling to extract a measure of dignity from straitened circumstances and tightly cir- cumscribed spaces. Our means for making sense in our lives also appears to have changed, as the range of experi- ence has been broadened through travel, media and the breathlessly immediate reach of electronic communication. Yet however different or varied our circumstances, we encounter each day the stuff of inhabitation—doors, win- dows, desks, the passage between territories, the concourse of human traffic and the enveloping facts of the weather. We exchange with this fabric of things and events— moving, changing, pondering the things which we encounter, remembering, imagining, seeking qualities that bring satisfaction, confronting now with then, here with elsewhere, mine with ours with theirs. We inhabit. Dwelling and outgoing are reciprocally related dimen- sions of inhabitation. We seek to dwell in a place, to under- stand it fully and to let it become richly embedded in our lives—to feel at home in a location and to linger there with some sense of emotional security, of belonging. We seek also to reach out from that center, and indeed we must, to go out into places less certainly our own, to experiences that are shared with others, to places of transaction and exchange, to places that challenge and extend our under- standing of the world in which we live. The outgoings available to us present this opportunity. Constructed this way, this polarity is rooted in the act of dwelling; it is the literal or metaphorical house from which we venture forth into the wider realm of outgoings. "Dwelling" has been much described, most intently in a spate of thoughts descended from Hegel's philosophical reflections on the deep significance of investing thought and emotion in place. "Outgoings" is a term that I first encountered in the writings of Frederick Law Olmsted: What, then, are the requisites of an attractive neighborhood, besides good neighbors, and such institutions as are tolerably sure to be established among good neighbors? The most impor- tant, I believe, will be found in all cases to be that of good out-goings from the private grounds, whether with reference to social visiting, or merely to the pleasure and healthfulness of occasional changes of scene, and more extended free movement than it is convenient to maintain the means of exercising within private grounds. English law apparently uses the term "outgoing" to mean something different: for "expenditures necessary for the upkeep of a property." The two meanings are, of course, related. Indeed our reason for posing this discus- sion is to bring into focus our belief that in order to con- struct places that can nurture meaning in our lives, it is necessary to be deliberate about investing in the structure of a common realm. It is necessary to extend our concern from the dwelling itself to the outgoings that our collective dwellings and the landscapes that they inhabit provide, each for the other. We posed these reciprocal terms as the basis for a conference last March at the Charles W. Moore Center for the Study of Place in Austin. We asked each of the par- ticipants— architects whose work has included significant houses or housing—to show and discuss current work. Since the conference coincided with the release of a new paperback version of The Place of Houses, authored by Charles W. Moore, Gerald Allen and myself in 1974 and now reissued with an epilogue, we also asked participants to use that book as a common basis for discussion. During the course of the conference there were many spirited presentations of houses and the places of which they are a part. We present a collection of them here, selecting aspects of the work that suggest a set of design strategies for creating places, both private and public, that can enhance the lives of those who live in and among them. "Dwelling" was explored in a series of presentations ranging from elaborate single-family homes on beautiful sites to a structure designed for very spare single-room occupancy in a neglected part of Las Vegas. Houses, though, both singly and in consort, need not only to pro- vide for the personal acts of dwelling and nurturing concentration, but also to become part of larger domains, both physical and spiritual, that expand the scope of per- sonal perception and create occasions for stimulation and challenge. "Outgoing," a less familiar term for discussion, was explored in a variety of ways. Through Places 14.3


Omega-3 fatty acids are among the most commonly prescribed supplements with a remarkable worldwide market. In 2011, people spent around $25 billion on omega-3 supplements. This amount is estimated to approach $35 billion in 2016 (1). While these supplements have been tried in various medical conditions including gastrointestinal, rheumatic, psychiatric, metabolic, renal, dermatologic, and pulmonary problems, they have been most commonly used for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) (2–13).

Structure, Sources, and Biosynthesis
Omega-3 fatty acids are a group of poly-unsaturated fatty acids with multiple double bonds, with the first being on the third carbon counting from the methyl end (omega carbon) of the chain (14). The major types of long chain omega-3 fatty acids include eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) with 20 and 22 carbons, respectively. EPA and DHA are mainly gained from seafood consumption. Small amounts of EPA and DHA can also be synthesized in the body using alpha linolenic acid (ALA), an 18-carbon omega-3 fatty acid found in plants such as flaxseed, canola and walnuts (15). Docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) is another long chain omega-3 fatty acid and a metabolite of DHA thought to be formed through the internal metabolic pathways rather than dietary intake.


Author(s) Title Number of Pages Date Joni Patrikainen Mobile Network for Mass Events 40 pages + 1 appendix 30 Aug 2017 Degree Bachelor of Engineering Degree Programme Information and Communication Technology Specialisation option Communication networks and applications Instructor(s) Janne Salonen, Principal Lecturer The purpose of this thesis was to create a network, which can transfer thermal images to a remote server from thermal cameras in heavily crowded events. The customer was keen on knowing if thermal cameras could be used to monitor audiences at music festivals. The network was tested practically at a music festival in 2017. The planning and testing part of the thesis included hardware selection, device configuration and testing. In the networking solution, the data was transferred to a free mobile cell where it was transmitted through the 4G network and Internet to a server in another location. The practical test part was arranged at a festival during August in 2017. The project was carried out in collaboration with another Metropolia student who designed the thermal cameras. The practical test revealed important information and during the test changes to the network were done to increase the performance. As a result a video was combined from the images gathered from the weekend where crowd and people movement were visible. The biggest problem during the weekend was the connection between the thermal cameras and a WLAN access point. Even if the results did not fully meet the expectations the result of the practical test shows that thermal cameras can be used for audience monitoring at music festivals.


I wholeheartedly follow this convention here. Swartz provides a very lucid, and in many ways appealing, Rortian perspective on social construction and rightly points out areas of my argument that are in need of clarification and refinement. By the end of "Pragmatist Response" I am more knowledgeable of Rorty's position on a number of issues and quite convinced that the Rortian version of constructionism bears scant resemblance to the version of


Significance Polymer matrices and porous scaffolds enable passive, gradual release of drugs, with relevance to important clinical applications. Actively controlled systems represent an appealing alternative due to capabilities in user-defined programmability over the timing of discrete release events. Nevertheless, requirements for supporting power supplies and wireless electronics, together with the need to surgically extract devices after a period of use, represent disadvantages that limit broad adoption. This work addresses this opportunity through a self-powered, light-controlled, bioresorbable platform that bypasses the need for separate power supplies and enables natural dissolution and clearance from the body after treatment. This miniaturized and wirelessly programmed drug delivery device represents a significant advance over previously reported technologies, with potential for pharmacological treatment of a broad range of diseases.


With the overall development of new curriculum reform experiment of high schools across the country,it puts forward new requirements for biology teaching of high schools.In view of the course standard of high school biology teaching,the implementation of the new curriculum standard has a great influence on biological teaching,which requires high school biology teaching explore the teaching methods that are adapted to the new curriculum reform under the new curriculum reform.Taking the high school biology teaching as the breakthrough point,the paper discusses the effective ways of high school biology teaching on the basis of analyzing the problems in high school biological teaching under the new curriculum reform.Aim at explaining the importance of high school biology teaching under new curriculum reform;it expects to provide reference for high school biology teaching.


During June 1986, two male sperm whales, Physeter macrocephalus, on the Scotian Shelf were tracked by listening for their clicks with a directional hydrophone for periods of 12.5 and 7 h, respectively. Each whale travelled along the edge of the shelf at about 2 kn (3.6 km/h), and one whale, on two occasions at least, dived to the ocean floor. After about 30 min underwater, the whales spent approximately 9 min at the surface breathing. When the whales were visible at the surface, they were silent, except on one occasion when "slow clicking" (mean interclick interval of 4.6 s) was heard from Whale 2. While underwater, most of the sound production consisted of "usual clicks" (mean interclick interval 0.96 and 0.69 s for the two whales) interrupted by frequent short silences (mean durations 21.06 and 27.82 s) and occasional "creaks" (with interclick intervals less than 0.2 s) and "slow clicks." No "codas" (stereotyped patterns of clicks) were heard from these two single whales. These results are consistent wi...


Phased microphone array is an acoustic measurement technique developed in the past ten years,whose aims to recognize and localize the noise sources precisely,reconstruct the frequency, position and amplitude of each source.However,to complex distributed sources,the available post-processing methods of microphone array technique are difficult to give satisfactory results,by which the source frequency can usually be recognized precisely,but the reconstruction accuracy of source position and amplitude has large error.Therefore,a regularization technique is resorted to find precise solution,and some relevant numerical and experimental validations are carried out.The results show that the phased microphone array coupled with the regularization method can remove the amplitude error magnification phenomena in the inverse problem algorithm,and can recognize and localize the source information rather accurately.


The production of single-charmed baryons Λ + c Λ − c , Λ + c Σ − c +h.c. and Σ + c Σ − c in p ¯ p collisions is studied in the framework of a constituent quark model which has satisfactorily described the N ¯ N system and the strangeness production p ¯ p → Λ¯Λ, Λ¯Σ and Σ¯Σ processes. Predictions on the total cross sections are analyzed for different approaches to the underlying n ¯ n → c ¯ c process, mediated by one gluon annihilation diagrams. The results indicate that the cross section is of the order of 1 nb between 10 − 14 GeV for Λ + c Λ − c and Λ + c Σ − c channels, and around 0 . 01 − 0 . 1 nb for Σ + c Σ − c . This estimations can be relevant for their future search in facilities like P ANDA.


Switch Mode Power Supply (SMPS) is a common product used in the electronic
industries. This project is about the switching mode power supply using discontinuous
. mode buck-boost converter .topology. Basically, SMPS design is a very interesting to
learn, where the switching and duty cycle can determine the output of it result. SMPS is
also a common item that can be found in the electronic market. Mostly all the electronic
g~dget is accompany with an SMPS. This is where show that the SMPS have gap
·differences with 'the linear power supply. For example: Laptop, hand phone charger,
computer and many more. As the electronic industries grower larger in Malaysia, it is a
suitable the project to be done during the PSM 1. In the future may be the SMPS size
and efficiencies will incredibly increase. In this project we need to design a buck -boost
converter that able to make the result of step up and step down voltage of 12V to 5V and
24V. From here we need to determine each of the components that will effect the whole
circuit duty cycle, and to make sure the circuit always in discontinuous mode.


Abstract The use of glycerin jelly as a mountant for root samples stained for the observation of endomycorrhizal fungi is described. This mountant is clear, non-toxic and allows for further squashing of the roots when necessary, without disturbing the specimens. For most common stains, there is little or no fading with time, making it possible to keep the slides for future reference.


A display memory able to reduce power consumption, able to generate graphics at a high speed, and not needing memory mapping, a driver circuit, a display using the driver circuit, and a portable information apparatus, wherein a CPU read circuit is connected to one bit line of a display memory 7, a display read circuit is connected to the other bit line, a write circuit is connected to both bit lines, the CPU read circuit and write circuit are assigned to the access from the CPU, the display read circuit is assigned to the display screen display, and further the access from the CPU and the reading to the display screen are assigned to different two level periods of a clock signal of the memory and independently controlled. Further, a drive power supply of the display memory is divided and a drive power supply voltage is supplied to the display memory for every memory cell or for every plurality of memory cells.


On the basis of strengthening students' mastery of major English basic knowledge,higher vocational colleges should also enhance the training of basic skills and the improvement of practical applicable English ability.In basic knowledge teaching it needs to reinforce vocabulary teaching,and stand out emphasis in grammar teaching.In text teaching students can fully experience the sense of success.In basic skill training,it should train students' rapid reading ability.


Corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) are major U.S. grain crops with 38.6 million and 31.0 million ha (95.4 and 76.5 million acres) planted in 2013, respectively (NASS 2014a). These two crops support both local demand and international agricultural exports and greatly contribute to the U.S. economy. The value of production for corn and soybean in the United States has increased markedly in recent years and for 2012 was estimated at $77.4 billion and $43.2 billion, respectively (NASS 2014b). Corn accounted for 41% of the value of production of all U.S. field crops in 2012 (NASS 2014b). The United States is the world's largest exporter of corn, exporting 46.6 Tg (1.8 billion bushels) from the 2010 harvest of 317 Tg (12.5 billion bushels) (ERS 2011a). The U.S. North Central Region (NCR) (Fig. 4.1), often called the Corn Belt due to the success of its dominant crop (Hudson 1994), contains some of the most productive cropland in the world, growing over 80% of U.S. corn and soybean. The agricultural importance of this region will only continue to grow as demand for food, fuel, and fiber increases across the globe. Natural vegetation in the NCR ranges from eastern deciduous forest in the north and east to tallgrass prairie in the central portion to shortgrass prairie in the west (Bailey 1998). Today, much of the NCR has been transformed to croplands (Fig. 4.1). Of its 228 million ha (563 million acres), 39.8% are row crops; corn and soybean account for 34% and 29%, respectively, of this area (NASS 2009a). The Kellogg Biological Station Long-term Ecological Research Site (KBS LTER) lies in the middle of the latitudinal range of the Corn Belt (Robertson and Hamilton 2015, Chapter 1 in this volume) and thus represents the climate stresses typical for row crops such as corn and soybean. The geographic position of KBS provides an Gage, S. H., J. E. Doll, and G. R. Safir. 2015. A crop stress index to predict climatic effects on row-crop agriculture in the U.S. North Central Region. Pages 77-103 in S. K. Hamilton, J. E. Doll, and G. P. Robertson, editors. The Ecology of Agricultural Landscapes: Long-Term Research on the Path to Sustainability. Oxford University Press, New York, New York, USA.


"Learning expectations" are provided for each strand. In the history strand, these are divided by era and constitute directives to understand broad issues of each era (for example, "Recognize the causes, course, and consequences of the Civil War"). "Achievements" supply each expectation with more specific content expectations (e.g., "Identify sectional differences that led to the Civil War"). Between them, the expectations and achievements constitute what would commonly be called standards.


Objective To study the effects of continuously administered epinephrine with computer micro pump, on hemodynamic variation during experimental cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).Methods Ventricular fibrillation was induced with epicardium electric current shock in 20 anaesthetised rabbits. The animals were randomized into two groups. One group received three boluses of adrenaline. The other group received an initial bolus of adrenaline followed by an infusion of adrenaline. Aortic systolic pressure(ASP) ,aortic diastolic pressure (AOD),mean arterial pressure(MAP),central venous pressure(CVP),intracranial pressure(ICP) were measured. coronary perfusion pressure(CoPP), cerebral perfusion pressure(CePP),restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) were calculated.Results The data were analyzed with SPSS statistical software. During CPR cerebral perfusion pressure was higher (P0.05) with a continuous adrenaline infusion than with repeated bolus doses. No differences in CoPP , rate of ROSC, were seen between the study groups.Conclusion Continuous infusion of adrenaline may generate a more sustained increase in CePP during CPR as compared to intermittent bolus doses. Thus, continuous infusion might be a more appropriate way to administer adrenaline as compared to bolus doses during CPR.


One interesting example of a discrete mathematical model used in biology is a food web. The first biology courses in high school and in college present the fundamental nature of a food web, one that is understandable by students at all levels. But food webs as part of a larger system are often not addressed. This paper presents materials that can be used in undergraduate classes in biology (and mathematics) and provides students with the opportunity to explore mathematical models of predator-prey relationships, determine trophic levels, dominant species, stability of the ecosystem, competition graphs, interval graphs, and even confront problems that would appear to have logical answers that are as yet unsolved.


In Mexico, peach as a seasonal fruit has a very large range in prices, in addition to this, it has poor infrastructure to preserve the fruit in refrigerated conditions, the reduced shelf-life and, coupled with


Outliers are the observations which are very larger or smaller than most observations in the given data set. These are shown by some sources. The result of the analysis with outliers may be depended on them. In general, we do data analysis after removing outliers. But, in data mining applications such as fraud detection and intrusion detection, outliers are included in training data because they have crucial information. In regression models, simple and multiple regression models need to eliminate outliers from given training data by standadized and studentized residuals to construct good model. In this paper, we use support vector regression(SVR) based on statistical teaming theory to analyze data with outliers in regression. We verify the improved performance of our work by the experiment using synthetic data sets.


We study the Hausdorff dimension of the image and graph set, hitting probabilities, transience, and other sample path properties of certain isotropic operator-self-similar Gaussian random fields $X = \{X(t),\ t \in {\bf R}^N\}$ with stationary increments, including multiparameter operator fractional Brownian motion. Our results show that if $X({\bf 1})$, where $ {\bf 1} =(1, 0, \ldots, 0) \in {\bf R}^N$, is full, then many of such sample path properties are completely determined by the real parts of the eigenvalues of the self-similarity exponent~D.


The aim of this study was to review the literature about cute muscle fatigue mechanisms and its relationship with physical activity of short and long duration. Muscle fatigue has a multifactor etiology, and its source and extent depends on the specificity of the exercise, muscle fibre type and individual physical fitness level. In efforts of long duration and low intensity, fatigue is related to energetic sources and other factors such as, pain, dehydration, increase in body temperature, hypoglycemia and neuromuscular transmission. In intense exercise (6090% of VO2 max), fatigue is linked to a reduction in muscle lycogen content. Fatigue can be classified in acute, subacute and chronic according to the period of its beginning. However, this study only analyzed the mechanisms related to acute fatigue. These mechanisms of acute fatigue are characterized by alterations in expected or required muscle strength because of one or several processes of muscle excitation-contraction-relaxation


A high-power pulsed source of negative ions that uses a planotron discharge is described. A H$sup -$ beam with a current density up to 3.7 A/ cm$sup 2$ at the emission slit has been obtained from the discharge chamber as a result of the intense emission of negative ions from the cathode surface, which is bombarded by fast particles from the discharge. The intensity of the extracted ion beam is roughly proportional to the area of the emission slit. A negative-ion beam with a current of 0.88 A has been obtained from a source with an emission slit 0.9times30 mm in size; the electron current is less than 1.7 A.


The reaction in water of M(II) [M = Ni or Mn] with 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) and sodium pyrophosphate (Na4P2O7) in a 2:4:1 stoichiometry resulted in the crystallization of dinuclear complexes featuring the heretofore rare bridging pyrophosphate. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies revealed the complexes to be {[(phen)2Ni]2(μ-P2O7)}·27H2O (1) and {[(phen)2Mn]2(μ-P2O7)}·13H2O (2) where the asymmetric M(phen)2 units are bridged by bis-bidentate pyrophosphate, each metal ion exhibiting a distorted octahedral geometry. The bridging pyrophosphate places adjacent metal centers at 5.031 A in 1 and 4.700 A in 2, and its conformation also gives rise to an intramolecular π−π interaction between two adjacent phen ligands. Intermolecular π−π interactions between phen ligands from adjacent dinuclear complexes create an ornate 3D network in 1, whereas a 2D sheet results in 2. The hydrophilic nature of the pyrophosphate ligand leads to heavy hydration with the potential solvent-accessible area for 1 and 2 accountin...


Form-fill-seal machine comprising means for moving a web of packaging material through the machine according to a process path and means for transforming the web into filled bags, furthermore comprising a zipper strip applicator device having means for supplying a zipper strip for each bag transverse to the process path, which supply means comprise a first and a second conveyor, which in the supply direction of the zipper strip are placed one behind the other and are both provided with means for retaining the zipper strip during supply, a blade being placed between the first and the second conveyor for cutting the zipper strip and the first and the second conveyor being provided with their own first and second drive means.


The effect of hydrazine hydrate on the thermal properties of polyvinyl alcohol was investigated. It was proved that the presence of carbonyl groups in the polymer chain is responsible for the thermal instability of polyvinyl alcohol, and that hydrazine combines with the carbonyl group to protect the polymer against autoxidation and dehydration on the heat-treatment. Hydrazine hydrate was suitable for prevention of colouring of polyvinyl alcohol on heating at about 200°C unless the carbonyl content is too high. Commercial polyvinyl alcohol was thus improved in the properties by the simple treating with hydrazine hydrate.


Abstract : Test Area Ecology program personnel investigated seasonal cholinesterase trends and other sources of normal variation of this enzyme in specific tissues of selected wildlife species in the vicinity of Edgewood Arsenal, Maryland. This information on normal levels provided (1) the basis for rapid and accurate evaluation of increased wildlife mortality where Edgewood Arsenal might be a suspect, and (2) the capability of using confined wildlife and domestic species to detect and monitor the presence of anticholinesterases near storage facilities and, if agent field testing resumes, in the vicinity of the Carroll Island test area. This report describes the progress of these investigations from September 1969 to April 1971. A modified automated thiocholine procedure was used to measure normal cholinesterase values for brain tissue of three species of fish, three species of birds, and one mammal and the muscle tissue of the blue crab. Limited data were accumulated on seven additional animals. (Author)


Nusantara maritime trade has developed rapidly in the mid-sixteenth century to the end of the seventeenth century AD Influx of traders from Asia and Europe made a crowded archipelago. The main objective is to find the traders of spices that are in the Moluccas. To reach the Moluccas, the traders have to pass the island of Sulawesi. This area, Sulawesi, was a local liaison between producing spices and traders who need it. This condition can be well used by the Sultanate of Makassar on the island of Sulawesi. With the opening of transit ports and airports of international trade, Makassar can reach its peak that relies on maritime trade in XIIV century AD.


Optical methods for dynamic stress analysis require fast recording of the fringe patterns representing the stress distribution. Various recording techniques exist using fast framing cameras and short light pulse systems.1 In all of these techniques the wet film processing is tedious and time consuming. Manual data analysis from the fringe patterns is cumbersome. Also, optical processing of the photographs for extracting further information requires complicated optical hardware. Hence, there were efforts from researchers to record the patterns in computer memories. The software image processing methods ease the data analysis and contrast enhancement.2,3 Here we report the use of a special type CCD camera for dynamic applications. Details of the CCD camera operation are discussed. Application of the camera for dynamic problems is illustrated by performing a simple experiment.


THE INVENTION RELATES TO DEVICES CONVOLUTEURS BASED ON THE INTERACTION OF TWO NON-LINEAR ELASTIC WAVE CONTRAPROGRESSIVES SPREADING SURFACE SUBSTRATE PIEZOELECTRIC 10. THE INVENTION RELATES TO A convolver WAVE BANDS IN WHICH THE OUTPUT HAS cONNECTED ELECTRODE COLLECTOR 15 TAKEN BY MULTIPLE CONTACT DISTRIBUTED ALONG THE REGION OR iNTERACT REPRESENTATIVE OF RADIATION ACOUSTIC ELECTRIC SIGNALS APPLIED TO INPUT AND E E. APPLY THE iNVENTION INCLUDING THE DETERMINATION BY THE ANALOG cONVOLUTIONAL iNTEGRAL AND THE cORRELATION wAVEFORMS REPRESENTED BY CURVES OF TWO PACKAGES ELECTRICAL SIGNALS.


Objective:To investigate the clinical curative effect of metoclopramide point injection with liver extinguish zhen gan xi feng tang in the treatment of hiccups.Methods:63 hospitalized patients after symptoms appeared for the first time is performed intramuscularty point injection and take out the zhen gan xi feng tang,7 days for the evaluation of treatment is one course.5 times daily for recovery,equal or less than five times is efficient,more than five times is invalid.Results:38 cases recovery,18 were effective,7 cases ineffective,cure rate was 60.3%,the effective rate was 88.9%.Conclusion:effect of metoclopramide point injection with liver extinguish zhen gan xi feng tang in the treatment of hiccups is good.


The best benefit of Natural Light Illumination System (NLIS®) is to reduce energy consumption that compare to traditional lighting system. However, the propagation efficiency will decrease dramatically when there is the long distance propagation in NLIS®. Therefore, this paper has proposed an innovative modulated guiding structure with high propagation efficiency. The base structure is consisting of two Fresnel lenses and the distance between two lenses is two times of focal length. Furthermore, the light will be focused by first Fresnel lens and diverge as original input again before the second lens due to two times of focal length design. The advantage of the innovative design is to avoid energy loss when propagation. Based on two times of focal length design method and connecting several base structures in the way of cascading, it could make the structure become modulated. The efficiency of a base module structure will reach above 80%. We have proposed an innovative modeled structure that is with high propagation efficiency. By the Fresnel lens, the structure has the benefit of low cost and easy to produce that compare to traditional natural light system.


In complex geologic settings with a great degree of heterogeneity in reservoir properties, such as submarine channel complexes as in the Nile Delta province, we face the challenge of characterizing the reservoir based on availability of different seismic attributes. Amplitude variation with offset (AVO) analysis and prestack inversion techniques show impressive results in delineating the gas-bearing reservoirs, especially in clastic systems. However, a shortage of available wells and/or seismic data leads to a challenge in applying AVO and any prestack seismic inversion approaches. In addition, quantitative prediction of water saturation (Sw) from seismic is ambiguous because of its independent nonlinear relationship with conventional seismic attributes and inversion products. Water-saturation prediction away from the well is essential in order to characterize the reservoirs effectively. Therefore, probabilistic neural network (PNN) analysis has been implemented to predict Sw 3D volume using full-stack se...


Digital harassment of women leaders is part of the continuum of violence and discrimination against women in the public arena, including women politicians, activists, civil society leaders, prominent feminists or simply female political commentators, academics and journalists. This phenomenon is extremely widespread globally, and encompasses all forms of aggression, coercion, shaming, harassment, threats and intimidation against women in leadership roles on the basis of their gender. These acts not only cause significant psychological, emotional and even physical harm to the individual victims, spilling over into real-world acts of abuse, violence or self-harm, but collectively work to silence or limit women's voice and agency in public spaces, and undermine democratic culture and practices.


Globally, assessment is considered as indispensable component of all educational levels and its significance has been acknowledged. While the definition of assessment is bewildering, generally assessment is the systematic collection, review, and use of information about educational programs undertaken for the purpose of improving learning and development. Enhancement of students learning is the final destination of any approaches of assessment either formative assessment that is known as assessment for learning or summative assessment that is considered as assessment of learning discussed in this article. Hitherto, the traditional way of assessing students is regarded as highly judgmental with limited or no provision of feedback to students. The overall criticisms of traditional assessment that confined on attainment of certain knowledge and skills is believed to be insufficient for the current dynamic era. Accordingly, call for paradigm shift to more wide and meaningful way of assessment known as authentic assessment has been advocated. However, myriad challenges become a bottleneck for authentic assessment to take place essentially which the article revealed.


This paper is concerned with the decay rate constrained exponential stability analysis for continuous-time positive systems with both time-varying discrete and distributed delays. A necessary and sufficient condition is first given to ensure that a positive system with distributed delay is exponentially stable and satisfies a prescribed decay rate. Furthermore, by exploiting the monotonicity of the trajectory of a constant delay system and comparing the trajectory of the time-varying delay system with that of the constant delay system, the results are extended to positive systems with both bounded time-varying discrete delays and distributed delays.


The Slave-Northern Cordillera Lithospheric Evolution (SNORCLE ) Trancset addresses LITHOPROBE's theme of crustal evolution through an integrated program of geological and geophysical studies across this geologically diverse region and through four billion years of Earth's history. The application of the magnetotelluric (MT) method to the study of the northern Cordillera has three principal objectives. The first concerns characterization of the regional conductivity properties of the northern Cordillera in relation to the major tectonic units. The second thrust involves upper mantle features: determination of the depth extent and internal variation within the lithosphere beneath the Cordillera the fate of the vast amount of pacific lithosphere overridden by North America during the past. The third specific goal is determination of the subsurface geometry and character of the Tintina strike-slip fault zone for comparison with the reflection data and a better understanding of reasons for conductivity enhancement at faults.


A very accurate mathematical method, named helicoidal method, to calculate the flux density vector B produced by the current circulating in the resistive single-phase superconductor electrical current limiter (RSCL) coils, at any point of the its whole space, using the Biot-Savart's Law is presented in this paper. It is very important to remember that these coils are single layer concentric cylindrical coils with voids (free space) between its neighbor turns which turns present helicoidal form. The calculation of the vector B, at any point of the space of the coils, is used in the dynamic simulation of the RSCL for design and operation purposes, but it is also used to calculate the self-inductance of each electrical current limiter coil and the mutual inductance between each pair of coils, which are necessary to determine the equivalent impedance of the RSCL. To verify the proposed method accuracy the self-inductance of three different coils, made with copper wire, are calculated, measured and the results are compared.


Motivated by a practical industrial problem where a manufacturer stipulates a minimum order from each buyer but where a local dealer promises the buyer a just-in-time delivery with a slightly higher unit cost.This paper uses a dynamic lot-sizing with a stepwise cargo cost function and a minimum order amount constraint to help the buyer select the supplier with minimum total cost.


The global transformation of employment is a comprehensive process that changes the principles of market relations and defines the interstate commonality of requirements for the use of labor potential. In case of inconsistency of the global transformation of employment with national peculiarities, the phenomenon of global-local polarization occurs. The labor markets of countries are increasingly affected by global transformational changes, the main factors of which are humanization, dynamic scientific and technological progress, intellectualization, development of the society and the knowledge economy, the appearance of the digital economy, demographic processes, increasing resource mobility, a focus on sustainable development goals, high competition in labor markets, economic growth. Each factor causes specific changes in the labor markets with the appearance of new spheres, forms, standards, employment conditions, features of protection, spatial organization and regulation.


The difference between design and construction of inclined shaft cross is pointed out ,and more practical design method is put foreward to rationize the design.


This paper describes the probability of the electromagnetic interference (EMI) to aircraft electronic systems by 433 MHz active radio frequency identification (RFID) tags on board aircraft. We mentioned the behaviors of two types of the tags. One of them has a simple function broadcasting their own identification code like a beacon. Another tag has many functions or modes. We also evaluated the RF emission from these tags in comparison with the emission limit written in the document named as "environmental conditions and test procedures for airborne equipment" (DO-160E) published by the radio technical commission for aeronautics (RTCA) [1]. Emission from both tags has been higher than the limit of DO-160E at the operation frequency and the harmonics. We also show that the emission level depends greatly on the location and material on which a tag is placed.


ABSTRACT: This article explores the influence on brain development, as well as the neurological and behavioral outcomes, of the preterm and very preterm infant. It also briefly covers the influence of In-Vitro Fertilization (IVF), multiple births, gestational age, and birth weight on development as well as giving a more in depth review of literature that evaluates the impact of preterm birth and very preterm birth on brain development and neurological and behavioral outcomes. Finally, a case study is presented based upon the experience of a woman who delivered one twin at 24 weeks who survived and presently shows no significant abnormalities. KEY WORDS: Preterm infants, very preterm birth, VLBW, IVF, brain development, neurological impairments, behavioral problems. INTRODUCTION In the 1980s, approximately 80% of preterm infants weighing 1000-1500 grams (g) were surviving and 50-60% of those actually weighed only 750-1000 g. During this time, only 5-7% were assessed as having birth abnormalities due to premature birth (Goldberg & DiVitto, 1983). It was once thought that the majority of these survivors were free of serious handicaps, however, once at school age, those born at a very low birth weight (VLBW) were found to have impaired cognitive function and decreased academic performance (Hack et al., 2002). Presently, infants weighing less than 1500g comprise 1.5% of all live births in the U.S. Despite survival rates at approximately 85%, severe neurodevelopmental handicaps are discovered in 12-32% of these infants (Peterson et al., 2000). While survival rates continue to increase, there is much research being done to assess the long-term developmental affects of premature birth. This article will briefly address the influence of FVF and multiple births on preterm birth as well as the significance of gestational age and birth weight. Also, a review of literature details the impact on brain development as well neurological and behavioral impairments associated with preterm and very preterm birth. INFLUENCES ON PRETERM BIRTH IVF and Multiple Births The impacts of IVF on multiple births lend further complication to the already delicate experience of the premature infant. While some studies show no statistically significant differences between IVF and spontaneous twin pregnancies (Bernako et al., 1997 and Olivennes et al., 1996), others suggest that IVF compounds premature birth complications. Bryan (2003) has found several examples that correlate the tendency toward prematurity and low birthweight in FVF twins. She has noted increased risk of perinatal mortality and long term morbidity in preterm IVF deliveries compared to those that are spontaneously conceived. Furthermore, there is a three to seven-fold higher incidence of cerebral palsy (CP) in premature twins compared to single births. The rate of incidence of CP increases with the level of multiple births and is highest in surviving children whose co-twin or triplet died in utero. Olivennes et al. (1996), however, concludes that the relationship between age and parity plays a more significant role among premature IVF babies than does the use of IVF itself. Gestational Age In general, Goldberg and DiVitto (1980) found that those preterm infants born younger and smaller experience the most frequent and severe complications and are most likely to suffer subsequent impairments. Fetuses of 24 weeks gestational age are now viable. The brain is yet a "thin shell of tissue surrounding the cerebral ventricles, and virtually all of the normal cortical and subcortical architecture has yet to be established" (Peterson et al., 2000, p. 1940). It is around 35-36 weeks that there are very important changes in behavioral and neurophysiological organization (Goldberg & DiVitto, 1980). Prior to this age, the presence of physiological stress can severely disrupt the maturational processes that lay down the foundational architecture of the brain. …


In our research, we have focused on identifying the current
mental state of students at Brno University who regularly
attended physical education sessions, in particular their
subjective feelings of well-being. Our research was carried out
in an aqua aerobics class with and without aqua aerobics
accessories. This class is very popular with students and,
beyond the aerobic effect, provides them with pleasant feelings
associated with movement in the water, which many experience as
very liberating. When moving in water, one is exposed to a
range of factors. An individual's pleasant feelings in the
water depend on how their body responds to these factors. The
body is exposed to water temperature and hydrostatic pressure.
Much of the support and locomotor system is lightened, which
greatly facilitates movement especially that of the spine and
joints. Risk of injury in water is therefore reduced to
minimum. Introducing new modern accessories makes the exercise
more strenuous and thus makes the intended strengthening
feasible. New accessories render the exercise, and by extension
the lessons, more attractive.


Partial reconnguration is the ability of certain Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) to reconngure only selected portions of their programmable hardware while other portions continue to operate undisturbed. The RRANN2 system, described in this thesis, was developed and built by the author speciically to demonstrate that partial reconnguration can increase the performance of a run-time reconngurable system. Implementing an artiicial neural network, RRANN2 carefully organizes its FPGA conngurations in order to establish a large number of functional and physical commonalities between each circuit design. By leaving common circuitry resident on the FPGA during system reconnguration, RRANN2 successfully reduced its reconnguration overhead by 53.4%. For smaller neural network applications, where reconnguration time is the most dominant factor in the system's execution time, this resulted in a 100% increase in system performance. Before partial reconnguration is feasible for most RTR applications, there are still, however, several device{ and tool{related problems that must be solved.


The numerical method of an inverse problem solution of interaction electromagnetic waves with a lamellar media to determination of slabs' permeability and cross-dimensions of not uniform soils is elaborated. The methods of solving may be used in the system of fine agriculture.


This thesis focused on the characterization of glass fiber reinforced composite materials and the determination of their mechanical properties. The manufacture of glass fiber reinforced laminate materials was described and the basic methods of their static and fatigue testing were presented. Two types of glass fiber reinforced laminate specimens were fabricated by Ahlstrom Glassfibre in Mikkeli and applied in the static tests reported in this thesis. One of the specimen types represented traditional Eglass reinforced laminate, the other was cut from laminate material that had been prepared using high strength glass fiber. The manufacturer of the laminate was interested in finding out whether the high strength glass would yield remarkably better test results and thus be worth considering an appropriate material to be used in wind turbine blade structures. Another, mainly theoretical topic in the context of this thesis, was touched on, namely the question, if the results obtained from the static tests could predict the fatigue behavior of composite material. The results of the static tests were reported concentrating mainly on the values of the elastic modulus obtained. This preliminary testing indicated that specimens containing high strength glass fiber had better stiffness properties. The improvement in the values of the elastic modulus was approximately ten per cent. The potential fatigue behavior of the specimens tested and the various parameters involved in the fatigue behavior of composites were discussed. Subject headings, (keywords) fatigue, glass fiber composite, strength, elastic modulus, orthotropic


By exploiting multiple transmissions of orthogonal coding signal and single reception,a new GMTI processing scheme for ground moving targets detection with low velocity in space-borne multiple input and single output(MISO) radar systems is presented in the paper.Firstly,the requirements of multiple orthogonal coding waveform for the MISO radar system is analysed in detail.Focusing on this new scheme,an orthogonal waveform optimization design method is also proposed.In this GMTI processing scheme,different satellites independently transmit the optimized orthogonal waveform and one of the transmission satellites acts as the receiver and matches the received echo signal with each of the transmission signal,respectively.Detection of ground moving targets with low velocity can be achieved by joint adaptive two-dimension processing of multi-channel and multi-pixel on image domain.In this way,data communications among multiple satellites is not necessary and hence real time processing capability of the whole system can be improved.The performance of one-dimension image after matching by the receiving satellite,i.e.the shape of its mainlobe and the performance of its sidelobe is considered as the optimization criteria in the proposed waveform design method.Simulations and analysis are performed to testify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed system and waveform design method,in terms of the orthogonality of waveform,convergence of the design algorithm,clutter cancellation,and detection performance of targets.


This paper deals with testing an innovative Jordan River Basin boardgame implemented in various contexts. A short description of hydropolitics in the Jordan River Basin and an overview of the positions of the riparians is given. Secondly, the impact of regional hydropolitics at community level in two case studies and the development of the Jordan River Basin game will be discussed. The paper will then reflect on the testing the boardgame and the results derived from these experiments. The boardgame, played by 5 players or player groups, is a proto-type used as an analytical tool for research. Concluding, the paper gives a preliminary assessment on the use of serious gaming.


We consider the quantization-noise amplification problem, in nonuniform sampling of bandlimited signals at Nyquist rate or higher. We first show that it is possible to avoid noise amplification in periodic nonuniform sampling, by oversampling (above Nyquist) by a factor of the period length. We prove that entropy-coded dithered quantization (ECDQ), with such periodic oversampling, can achieve the rate-distortion function (RDF) of a white Gaussian source. In the Nyquist (average) rate case, we show that while nonuniform sampling amplifies the reconstruction error, it lowers the ECDQ coding rate (though not enough to achieve the Gaussian RDF). We then show that if the ECDQ shapes the spectrum of the quantization noise via a feedback loop (which depends on the sampling pattern), then it can eliminate the noise amplification and achieve the Gaussian RDF.


Photovoltage industry,represented by solar battery,is a promising industry.It is in an explosive growing periord at present.The whole world photovoltage industry market is $21.2 billion in 2007,and will be $70.9 billion in 2012,its CAGR is predicted to be 27.31% in 2007~2012.Solar battery is the first generation product with substrate of single crystalline Si or multiple crystalline Si at present.It is transferring to thin film solar battery(2G product) of with substrate of Si body or non-crystalline Si(ceramics or glass).


This is an invited commentary on the keynote paper by Sheridan Titman concerning the drivers of risk transmission across supply chains that have fundamental commodity inputs. The focus is upon how demand and supply elasticities at the upstream, midstream and downstream stages influence the price volatilities, their mutual volatility spillovers and, as a consequence, their hedging challenges. Further observations are offered in this note regarding the endogeneity of price impacts, structural changes and the need for model switching. The interaction with financial markets through the so-called financialization of commodities can cause commodity prices, eg oil, to have less of a mean-reverting and more of a random walk characteristic. Finally, strategic hedging through corporate vertical integration needs to be considered as a further complication in the way that the elasticities transmit the price risks.


Vacuum evaporation coating is applied to the surface of diamond monocrystal to form a metallic chrome layer on it and,at high temperature,part of chrome is bonded together with diamond to form Cr_7C_3,thus improving efficiently the bonding strength of metal bonder to diamond surface.The technology is proved simple,inexpensive and available to industrial application.Experimental results showed that the service life of diamond tools can be prolonged by 50%~100% after chromalized with vacuum evaporation process.


Neutron diffraction data collected from ferrosilicon alloy powders have been analysed using the Rietveld profile-refinement method in order to perform a quantitative determination of the phase volume fraction. The results obtained have been compared with those determined from other methods such as imaging analysis, chemical analysis and phase-diagram calculation by a thermodynamic approach. For low phase volume fractions, the Rietveld profile refinement of the neutron-powder-diffractometer data gives results that are more accurate than those from imaging analysis and that are more representative at the ingot scale than those from chemical analysis, owing to the greater quantity of powder analysed. As concerns the thermodynamic calculations, two phase volume fraction determinations may be performed: quantitative, at equilibrium, and qualitative, out of equilibrium.


Abstract : The clinical application of neuropsychological assessment procedures is usually directed toward two primary goals. The first of these is diagnosis of various kinds of brain dysfunction. The second goal, and of paramount importance from a psychological standpoint, is the delineation of an individual's unique pattern of behavioral strengths and weaknesses so that appropriate recommendations for maximal interpersonal and environmental adaptation may be outlined.


ABSTRACT Digital labour platforms act as intermediary agents between users and are imbued with the power to determine the rules of interaction within their own digital ecosystem. As the labour market has become increasingly integrated into the platform economy, digital enterprises have been able to use their concentration of power to experiment with new structures of labour regulation and management. The key transformation of labour by platform enterprises is the fragmentation of labour contracts into minute by minute tasks, with noteworthy implications for our understanding of human capital investment in the digital age. As individuals are required to sell their abilities as micro-skills such as photo-tagging and copy editing, long-term human capital investments such as higher education are devalued. These long-term assets are replaced by highly volatile and short-term human capital assets such as reputation scores and platform metrics. This paper will investigate these new forms of human capital, exploring how they are held hostage by platform enterprises to lock users in and structure how labour is practiced in the new digital economy.


The enterprise capital contains material and human capitals.There is no enterprise without materials,but the enterprise cannot survive and develop with material capital only because the enterprise must make correct business decision on uncertainty of future market,and the business decision is the application of human capital in enterprise.That is,human capital determines the survival and development of the enterprise.Inducible and compulsory incentives are necessary principles to take human capital incentive,and only when the two incentive principles are combined together,can enterprise human capital play its role in modern enterprise management.


The mutagenic activity of 16 industrial nonionic surfactant samples has been investigated in Ames-test without metabolic activation and with the use of mouse liver microsomal fraction in vitro. The genotoxical estimation of their possible biodegradation products is given. The mutagenicity of a number of high molecular polyethylene glycoles related to nonionic surfactants is shown.


Effect of the aggregation state of montmorillonite clays of types SAz-1 and SWy-1 on the adsorption of the monovalent organic cation chlordimeform was studied. The shapes of the adsorption isotherms were related to the degree of dispersion of the clay, changing from S- to L-type by decreasing clay concentration. Unlike monovalent organic cations denoted dyes, chlordimeform adsorption did not exceed the cationic exchange capacity of the clay (CEC). At larger Ca2+/Na+ charge ratio (≈0.5), chlordimeform exhibited low apparent affinity for adsorbing to the SAz-1 clay, due to steric inhibition of its penetration between closely opposed clay platelets. The apparent affinity increased dramatically at smaller Ca2+/Na+ charge ratios (<0.06) for Ca2+-montmorillonite, or by switching to Na+-montmorillonite. The desorption process of chlordimeform shows an apparent hysteresis in Ca2+-montmorillonite. An adsorption model which combines electrostatic equations with specific binding in a closed system is able to account...


In this paper, the application of an LMS adaptive filter in one notch polarization adaptive antijamming receiving system is studied. An improved LMS adaptive filter which can be well used in the system is introduced and a new method to get the control parameters of polarization filter is given. Finally, a computer simulation is carried out to analyze the antijamming perfoimance of the system. The result shows that the mentioned polarization adaptive anti jamming receiving technique is effective.\;


Spiders were collected by pit-trapping in southeastern Arkansas in 1984. Collection areas included two pine silvicul- tural treatments, clear-cutting and selection cutting; and control stands, where no cutting occurred. Spider populations decreased with increased disturbance.


This side of Wedgwood's output has tended to be overlooked in emphasizing his importance to the classical revival. But Wedgwood was an accurate reflector of the taste of his time, which was the time of Blake and Fuseli as well as of Flaxman, when Michelangelo was admired as well as the Antique, even if his style was known as much from the works of his followers as from the works of the master himself.


The characteristics of Wisers'News Database(WiseNews)are introduced,and the information retrieval strategies for the database are discussed with some examples and pictures.


This JAMA Forum discusses alternative ways to achieve universal coverage in the US such as administrative simplification in the Affordable Care Act plans to increase enrollment, having a basic policy that would be available to everyone, and options for supplemental coverage.


Various authors in the tradition of cultural psychology have analysed the idea of the existence of different ways of thinking. Several classifications about ways of thinking have been proposed, all of them referring to similar ideas. Bruner distinguishes between narrative and propositional thinking, while Scribner distinguish between theoretical and empirical or functional argumentation. Vygotsky also assumed the existence of different ways of thinking. Once the cognitive plurality and the existence of different ways of thinking has been accepted, we are left with two questions: what changes in the different ways of thinking, and why does it change? With regard to the first question, we must consider the differences in the means employed to mediate mental processes. As for the second issue, we refer to the activity settings and practices in which individuals participate. The empirical analysis is applied in the context of adult education. Individuals in the sample belong to two different levels of adult education: basic literacy and advanced literacy levels. Two different tasks are proposed: the first consists of preparing menus and the second is a classification task. Results related to the different ways of solving these tasks show a plurality of ways of thinking in individuals in the advanced group. Our data show how school experience allows the development of new ways of thinking and the adjustment of mental functioning to task demands. Heterogeneity of verbal thinking is here interpreted and discussed as a heterogeneity despite genetic hierarchy, instead of a non-genetic one or as a hierarchy of power. From this, it appears that development is not the replacement of one mode of discourse-thinking by another, but the differentiation and co-existence of different ways of thinking connected to different practices.


CLASSROOM TEACHING during the past twenty years has strengthened my conviction that pupils learn best when they feel secure within a harmonious social atmosphere. As we all know, the key person for providing and maintaining classroom harmony is the teacher. When aware of the power and variety of forces and pressures operating among the pupils, the teacher can readily provide opportunities for each pupil to attain security within his group. One way in which the teacher can become aware of the group forces that are operating is to collect and record sociometric data.


Analysis covers the formation and reconstruction of Lower Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation reservoirs in Gaoshiti- Moxi structure of central Sichuan basin,esp. the formation mechanism of the high quality Longwangmiao reservoir. According to the drilling data,logging data,testing data,seismic data,core observation,thin sections,casting sections,geochemical analysis,the characteristics of grain beach and epigenetic diagenesis of Longwangmiao reservoir are studyied. The results show that grain beach is important for the formation of the high quality Longwangmiao reservoir. Seawater dolomitization and penecontemporaneous fresh-water dissolution are the key to early formation. Epigenic karstification and hydrocarbon( oganic acids) filling are the important construction diagenesis and retention diagenesis to late formation. The dissolution pore-hole reservoirs are well preserved in the overpressure system. This study is important to exploration and development of oil and gas.


Lymphomas with T‐cell phenotype represent a heterogeneous group of diseases differing in histopathology, tumour site, and cell origin. They include peripheral T‐cell lymphomas (PTCLs) derived from αβ cells, but also some recently recognized entities such as γδ hepatosplenic lymphomas and natural killer (NK) cell lymphomas. Only a few studies have investigated the possibility that at least some PTCLs could be derived from lymphocytes with cytotoxic potential. In order to investigate this possibility, 60 cases of PTCL, including 27 cases expressing the αβ T‐cell receptor (TCRαβ), 15 TCRγδ cases and 18 cases expressing neither TCR (TCR silent), as well as 14 cases of NK‐cell lymphomas, were studied by immunohistochemistry for the expression of TIA‐1, perforin, and granzyme B proteins. Expression of TIA‐1 is characteristic of cytotoxic cells regardless of their activation status, whereas expression of perforin and granzymes is highly increased in activated cytotoxic cells and correlates with the induction of cytolytic activity. All NK‐cell lymphomas (11 sinonasal, three systemic cases) expressed TIA‐1, perforin, and granzyme B in most tumour cells. All γδ PTCLs (15 cases) expressed TIA‐1 protein in most tumour cells, with a different cytotoxic antigen profile in hepatosplenic γδ PTCL (TIA‐1+, perforin−, granzyme B−) and in non‐hepatosplenic γδ PTCLs (three nasal, one skin, one lung), the latter expressing the three cytotoxic proteins. Of the 45 cases of αβ and TCR silent PTCL, 15 (33 per cent) were considered to be derived from cytotoxic lymphocytes with expression of at least one cytotoxic protein (TIA‐1, 15/45; perforin, 10/41; granzyme B, 14/38) in tumour cells. This cytotoxic protein expression appeared to be related to the site of localization, since 7/13 (54 per cent) extranodal and only 8/32 (25 per cent) nodal αβ and TCR silent PTCLs expressed TIA‐1, and to histology, since this pattern was observed in a proportion of anaplastic (6/8, 75 per cent) and pleomorphic (8/17, 47 per cent) lymphomas, but not in AILD‐type NHL (0/16). Taken together, our data suggest that NK‐cell lymphomas and non‐hepatosplenic γδ PTCLs represent tumours of activated cytotoxic NK cells and γδ T cells, respectively; that hepatosplenic γδ PTCLs represent tumours of non‐activated cytotoxic γδ T cells; and that a small proportion of αβ and TCR silent PTCLs, mostly extranodal cases, or nodal anaplastic lymphomas, represent tumours of cytotoxic T cells. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


This paper proposes a segmented impact-type piezoelectric energy harvester (PEH) for self-start impedance matching circuit. Generally, an oscillator in an impedance matching circuit requires a separate power supply. Considering randomness and intermittence of wind energy, a design of a smart power controller is essential for efficient and timely power supply to the oscillator. The proposed segmented impact-type PEH is designed to achieve an ultra-low power consumption for an impedance matching circuit operation. The proposed harvester consists of a main piezoelectric material (PZT1) to power the main application such as wireless sensor node, and a sub-piezoelectric material (PZT2) to power the impedance matching circuit. The size of PZT2 is determined to meet the power requirement of the impedance matching circuit, and the self-start circuit is proposed to supply the power from PZT2 to the impedance matching circuit. Experimental results indicate that the proposed self-start circuit with PZT2 successfully operates the impedance matching circuit with extremely low power consumption of 45 μW, which is 30%–70% compared to the existing impact-type PEH circuits.


The catalytic asymmetric Mannich-type reaction of 3-hydroxy/3-aminooxindoles with 2-aminoacrylates to afford oxin-dole-derived acyclic amino acid derivatives bearing vicinal tetrasubstituted stereocenters is reported. (DHQ)2PHAL (4g) and quinine-derived squaramide (4d) were identified as efficient catalysts, respectively. Transformations of the Mannich-type reaction products highlight the utility of this synthetic strategy.


The invention discloses a method for synthesizing alkoxy silane directly with silicon and alcohol as the main material, which comprises the following steps: putting the silicon powder and the accelerant in the reactor with the solvent; getting alkoxy silane by reacting by inputting the alcohol at the finite temperature and pressure. The accelerant comprises nantokite or the composite with CuR eXf general formulation, wherein 0 is (R O)2OPO, R is aliphatic hydrocarbon or phenyl group with 1-24 carbon atoms. The solvent is polyalkoxy silane A hydrolyzed by Si (OR )4 and R Si (OR )4-b, wherein m=1, 2, 3, R is 1-6 carbon atom number alkyl, R is alkyl, phenyl group or alkyl benzene with 1-24 carbon atoms. The invention is suitable for the mass production, forms the good cycle, and achieves the aim of the low cost and the comprehensive utilization.


What if you could definitively diagnose cancer based on the surface proteins of diseased cells? And what if you could do this in a matter of minutes as part of an outpatient office visit?

These are among the several promising scenarios suggested by the work of nine University of Florida faculty members and graduate students in a paper published last year in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.1 Coauthor and lead researcher, Weihong Tan, PhD, a UF professor and associate director of the university's bio/nano research center, started with random single-stranded DNA sequences. Tan's team then used the systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) method to develop aptamer probes that recognize different types of human leukemia cells. Each group of aptamers generated with this cell-based SELEX method was labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate and binded to its target leukemia cells with high specificity and affinity.

This approach relies on the fact that different types of cells exhibit different molecular characteristics on their membrane surfaces, and that aptamers can be evolved to recognize the unique surface features of a certain type of cell and bind with those — and only those cells — even in the presence of closely related cells. Once an aptamer probe has proven its utility, it can be reproduced in a DNA synthesizer and its quantities amplified using polymerase chain reaction.

An important aspect — some might say the beauty — of this approach is that it does not require any information about the molecules on the target cell's surface.

Tan's team evolved aptamers to bind with T-, B-, and myeloid leukemia cells without knowing what surface molecules differentiate these leukemia cells from each other. The fact that these aptamer probes zero in on their respective leukemia target cells is a development with important implications.

One reason Tan started with leukemia cells is that there are numerous subtypes of leukemia. Each subtype requires a different treatment approach, but it's clear that current protocols for treating each type aren't specific enough. For example, patients with B-cell leukemia often respond very differently to its standard treatment.

"If you talk to the people in the leukemia field, they're going to tell you that this is too simplistic, that there are many more subtypes of leukemia. But there's no molecular probe that can identify them today," Tan explains. "The probes we are making now will further specifically define these subtypes of leukemia and provide a basis for more personalized medicine."

Aptamer probes also could provide a method for accurately staging leukemia and other diseases. In fact, Tan's team is already working on probes for lung cancer and liver cancer, and for infectious diseases, including those caused by viruses.

Another potential application of Tan's aptamer probe technology is targeted drug delivery. If these aptamer probes target cancer cells, why not turn them into "smart" aptamers that deliver drugs only to cancer cells and not to healthy cells?

"There are many potent drugs on the market," Tan continues. "The problem is not their potency but their selectivity. If we link aptamers with the drugs, then those drugs will go only to the target cells because those aptamers recognize, for example, only T cells or only B cells. In such a way, the drug will be delivered only to the target cells you want to kill."


THE INVENTION CONCERNS A PROCESS FOR PRODUCING THE SON TINNED, ESPECIALLY IN METALS OTHER THAN IRON A DIAMETER OF ABOUT 0.1 TO 1.5 MM. ON ETAME OF FIRST qUENCH BY WIRE LENGTH ALREADY sTRETCHED ITS FINAL WITH THICK LAYER OF APPROXIMATELY 0.5 A 1.5 MICROMETRE. THEN ON THE COOLS ON HIM THEN UNDERGO FURTHER TINNING GALVANICALLY WITH THICK LAYER OF ABOUT 3 TO 10MM. THUS OBTAINED TINNING UNIFORM WITH A LAYER OF ADEQUATE DISSEMINATION AND CONSEQUENTLY GOOD RESISTANCE delinking APPLICATIONS:.. THE ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING


It is not possible for the actral damped vibration to be of a single frequency. In this paper, fourier analysis is made to show that the damped vibration in fact is made through the vibration of Sin. and Cos. On the other hand, by the intensity analysis, it is proved that for the different vibrations with the same intrinsic circumference ratio, the smaller the fourier element, the deeper the single color quality. In this way, this paper provides mechanics teaching with an excellent background.


An abstract group $G$ is called totally 2-closed if $H = H^{(2),\Omega}$ for any set $\Omega$ with $G\cong H\leq\textrm{Sym}_\Omega$, where $H^{(2),\Omega}$ is the largest subgroup of symmetric group of $\Omega$ whose orbits on $\Omega\times\Omega$ are the same orbits of $H$. In this paper, we prove that the Fitting subgroup of a totally 2-closed group is a totally 2-closed group. We also conjecture that a finite group $G$ is totally 2-closed if and only if it is cyclic or a direct product of a cyclic group of odd order with a generalized quaternion group. We prove the conjecture in the soluble case, and reduce the general case to groups $G$ of shape $Z\cdot X$, with $Z = Z(G)$ cyclic, and $X$ is a finite group with a unique minimal normal subgroup, which is nonabelian


In order to study the bending behavior of C45 sheet, after the process of multi-pass hot rolling, several thermo mechanical coupled finite element models (FEM) are established. The effects of different speed ratio, friction coefficient, initial thickness, initial temperature, roll diameter on the bending value are analyzed. In this work, a multi-pass alternate asymmetric rolling (MAAR) process is intended, and a formula is defined for calculating the bending degree of rolled sheet. The values of sheet curvature are predicted by FEM. The results show that MAAR greatly reduced the cumulative value of bending, while the final curvature increases with increasing of the speed ratio and work diameter, fluctuates with ascending of friction coefficient, initial thickness and initial temperature. This study indicates that MAAR, with two work rolls as small as possible, many rolling passes and same pass reduction, can product nearly flat hot-rolled sheet by selecting appropriate blank.


We present an approach to explore news archives by automatically generating semantic aspects for their navigation. Given a keyword query as an input, we utilize semantic annotations present in the pseudo-relevant set of documents for generating the aspects. Our approach to generate the aspects considers the salience of the annotations by modeling their semantics as well as considering their co-occurrence in the pseudo-relevant set of documents. The generated aspects are also beneficial for representing documents in a structured manner. We show preliminary results on two news archives demonstrating the quality of the generated aspects over a testbed of more than 5,000 aspects derived from Wikipedia.


The spin susceptibility of a two-dimensional (2D) Fermi liquid has been recently shown, by Hirashima and Takahashi [J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 67 (1998) 3816], to vary as χ( T )=χ 0 +α T as a function of t...


Recent developments in emission and fuel consumption modelling of motor vehicles is described. The new models use the federal driving cycle to generate data of emissions as functions of vehicle speed and acceleration. Time delays in the constant volume sampler, and analyser dynamic responses must be compensated for during data collection. Preliminary results indicate that the new methods appear to give good accuracy with considerable saving in data generation effort. This paper was presented in Session 5: Emissions and Energy. The number of the covering abstract for the conference is TRIS no. 377996. (Author/TRRL)


The present invention is to utilize the propulsion mode of Ampere force, is a kind of new propulsion mode.Jet-propulsion Technology Energy conversion efficiency of today is the lowest.This propulsion mode converts electrical energy into kinetic energy by Ampere force.Compared to jet-propulsion technology, the energy conversion efficiency of this device can reach 50% and more than.This propulsion mode can be used for rocket from now on, aircraft and spacecraft.


This work addresses the capital cost implications of environmental
impact allied to new highways. Those environmental impact considerations
which are capable of being evaluated in terms of capital
cost are distinguished from those which are concealed and cannot be
evaluated using monetary values.
The new design technique the Commercial Route Methodology (CRM) has
been developed to evaluate in capital cost terms the concealed and
unquantifiable impacts inter alia, visual intrusion, visual obstruction,
effects on agriculture, ecological concern, heritage and conservation
areas and aesthetic aspects. [Continues.]


SETBP1 variants occur as somatic mutations in several hematological malignancies such as atypical Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (Piazza R et al. Nature genetics 2013) and as de novo germline mutations in the Schinzel-Giedion Syndrome (SGS) (Hoischen A et al. Nature genetics 2010), a disorder characterized by distorted neuronal layering and multi-organ development abnormalities. Cristobal et al . showed a clear role for SETBP1 as a natural inhibitor of PP2A (Cristobal I et al. Blood 2010). However, the notion that murine Setbp1 can bind to Hoxa9/10 and Myb promoters (Oakley K et al. Blood 2012; Vishwakarma BA et al. Leukemia 2016) and that SETBP1 possesses three conserved AT-hook domains suggested a role for human SETBP1 as a DNA-binding protein. ChIP-Seq experiments performed on 293 FLP-In cell lines harboring WT and mutated (G870S) SETBP1 revealed 3065 broad genomic regions as being bound by SETBP1-G870S. The presence of broad peaks occurred mainly in AT-rich regions (p Differential expression RNA-Seq analysis of G870S vs Control (Empty) identified 2687 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 57% downregulated and 43% upregulated (Fig. 1c). The intersection between genes bound by SETBP1 in promoter regions and DEGs (FDR In line with these findings, ChIP-Seq differential enrichment analysis showed a correlation between SETBP1 promoter occupancy and increase of H3K4me2 and H3K9ac (p=1x10-4 and p=1.2x10-16, respectively; not shown). Co-immunoprecipitation/proteomics as well as FRET experiments (Fig. 1f,g) revealed a direct interaction between SETBP1 and HCF1, a core protein of the KMT2A complex, responsible for H3K4 mono- and di-methylation. In-silico linear domain analysis suggested the presence of a putative HCF1 binding motif (HBM) occurring at position 991-994 of SETBP1. Deletion of this region caused a specific abrogation of SETBP1/HCF1 interaction (Fig. 1g) and a complete normalization of the expression level of SETBP1 target genes (not shown). Finally a direct interaction between SETBP1 and KMT2A was confirmed by co-Immunoprecipitation experiments (Fig. 1h,i). Combined disruption of AT-hooks 1 and 2 resulted in a marked reduction of mRNA expression for all the SETBP1 target genes analyzed (MECOM p= 0.014; BMP5 p ChIP-Seq data, further validated by direct ChIP experiments (Fig. 1k), showed that SETBP1 binds to the MECOM promoter. In line with these findings, MECOM ,a transcription factor often overexpressed in aggressive acute myeloid leukemias,and MECOM target genes were found to be differentially expressed (p Finally, transduction of radial glial progenitors of cerebral cortices of E13.5 mouse embryos with an expression plasmid encoding SETBP1-G870S using an in utero electroporation system (Fig. 1o) (Sessa A et al. Genes & development 2010) caused an impairment of mouse embryo neurogenesis with a profound delay in neuronal migration (Fig. 1p,q), indicating that SETBP1 is directly responsible for the neuroanatomical defects described in SGS. In summary, this work unveils for the first time, using an unbiased approach, a new SETBP1 function which directly promotes gene transcription and clarifies a new mechanism operating in myeloid malignancies and in SGS. Disclosures Rea: Pfizer: Honoraria; BMS: Consultancy, Honoraria; Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria; Incyte: Honoraria. Passamonti: Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation: Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau. Gambacorti-Passerini: Pfizer: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; BMS: Consultancy.


In the context of a globally increasing human population coupled with continuous environmental degradation, eco-friendly agricultural innovations are essential to reduce poverty and food insecurity in the world. This is particularly evident in developing countries where nature conservation and agricultural production remain in conflict. We investigated the effectiveness of using a locally free natural resource, the invasive plant species water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), as a source for organic fertilizer and soil amendment (composts, green manure and ash) at Lake Alaotra, one of the most important agricultural areas of Madagascar. Five different products were produced under the local conditions of Lake Alaotra. In addition, we conducted a growth experiment with Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis) to evaluate the effectiveness of the water hyacinth products in comparison to the mineral fertilizer NPK—nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium—and to cow dung. The results of our study show that it was easily possible to produce water hyacinth fertilizer/soil amendment under the remote conditions of Lake Alaotra. In addition, our results show that a higher biomass gain of Chinese cabbage treated with water hyacinth composts was achieved compared to NPK and cow dung. A higher biomass gain was mainly obtained due to an improvement of soil structure after compost addition. Water hyacinth green manure and ash showed low performance. Besides, applying composts was cheaper than buying NPK or cow dung. Our results show that water hyacinth can serve as a fertilizer and soil amendment and could help to improve agriculture at Lake Alaotra. RÉSUMÉ Dans un contexte d'accroissement mondial de la population humaine couplé d'une dégradation continue de l'environnement, les innovations agriculturales respectueuses de l'environnement sont essentielles pour réduire la pauvreté et l'insécurité alimentaire mondiale. Cette situation est particulièrement évidente au niveau des pays en voie de développement où la conservation de la nature et la production agricole sont en constant conflit. Nous avons étudié l'efficacité de l'usage d'une ressource naturelle locale, la plante envahissante jacinthe d'eau (Eichhornia crassipes) comme source de fertilisant organique (composts, engrais vert et cendre) au niveau du Lac Alaotra, une des plus importantes zones agricoles de Madagascar. Cinq types de fertilisants ont été produits à partir de la jacinthe d'eau selon les conditions locales du Lac Alaotra. De plus, nous avons conduit une expérience avec le chou de chine (Brassica rapa, ssp. chinensis) pour évaluer les performances des fertilisants de la jacinthe d'eau en comparaison avec les fertilisants locaux NPK (11% d'azote, 22% de phosphore et 16% de potassium) et le fumier de bétail. Nos résultats montrent que la production de fertilisants à partir de la jacinthe d'eau et son usage pour l'amendement du sol sont possibles et faciles à réaliser dans les conditions locales. De plus, un gain de biomasse important a été observé avec les choux traités avec les composts de jacinthe d'eau en comparaison avec le NPK et le fumier de bétail. L'important gain de biomasse est certainement dû à l'amélioration de la structure du sol après l'application du compost. L'engrais vert et les cendres de jacinthe d'eau ont montré cependant de maigres performances. De plus, l'utilisation du compost est moins chère par rapport à celle du NPK et du fumier de bétail. Nos résultats montrent que la jacinthe d'eau peut être appliquée en tant que fertilisant et pour l'amendement du sol, et par conséquent peut contribuer à l'amélioration de l'agriculture au niveau du Lac Alaotra. INTRODUCTION Biodiversity conservation and sustainable land use are a particular challenge in developing countries of the Tropics where most of the worlds' biodiversity is concentrated but undergoes detrimental and increasing anthropogenic pressures partly from a rural population mostly living from the agricultural exploitation of natural resources (Myers et al. 2000, Urech et al. 2015, Zähringer et al. 2016, Jones et ARTICLE http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/mcd.v15i1.5 An alternative for agriculture at Lake Alaotra, Madagascar: organic fertilizer and soil amendment from the invasive water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) Rakotoarisoa, T.I, Richter, T.I, Schmidt, N.I, Mantilla Contreras, J.I Correspondence: Jasmin Mantilla Contreras Institute of Biology and Chemistry, University of Hildesheim, Hildesheim, Germany Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Citation Rakotoarisoa, T., Richter, T., Schmidt, N., Mantilla Contreras, J. 2020. An alternative for agriculture at Lake Alaotra, Madagascar: organic fertilizer and soil amendment from the invasive water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes). Madagascar Conservation & Development 15, 1: 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/mcd.v15i1.5 I University of Hildesheim, Hildesheim, Germany Madagascar Conservation & Development is the journal of Indian Ocean e-Ink. It is produced under the responsibility of this institution. The views expressed in contributions to MCD are solely those of the authors and not those of the journal editors or the publisher. All the Issues and articles are freely available at http:// www.journalmcd.com Contact Journal MCD email@example.com for general inquiries regarding MCD firstname.lastname@example.com to support the journal Madagascar Conservation & Development Institute and Museum of Anthropology University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH-8057 Zurich Switzerland Indian Ocean e-Ink Promoting African Publishing and Education www.ioeink.com Missouri Botanical Garden (MBG) Madagascar Research and Conservation Program BP 3391 Antananarivo, 101, Madagascar MADAGASCAR CONSERVATION & DEVELOPMENT VOLUME 15 | ISSUE 01 — DECEMBER 2020 PAGE 28 al. 2019). In Madagascar, a high rate of population growth coupled with a dependence on natural resources and land for agriculture represents a central problem for biodiversity conservation. Madagascar, one of the most important biodiversity hotspots and one of the poorest countries in the world (ranked 162 amongst 189 regarding the Human Development Index and with 70,7% of the population living under the poverty line), obtains a quarter of its GDP from agriculture that provides employment for 80% of its population (Eubanks 2012, UNDP 2019). The Alaotra region is one of the most important agricultural areas of the country and represents the rice granary of the island with 120,000 ha of rice fields producing approximately 300,000 tons per year (Copsey et al. 2009, Penot et al. 2014). Apart from rice cultivation, the Alaotra region is also important for other staple foods, vegetable crops, rent and industrial products and fruit production (Penot 2009). From an ecological point of view, Lake Alaotra represents the biggest freshwater wetland of Madagascar with 20,000 ha of open water surrounded by 23,000 ha of marsh vegetation sheltering several endemic plants and animal species such as the Alaotran gentle lemur (Hapalemur alaotrensis), the only primate worldwide that lives in wetlands (Guillera-Arroita et al. 2010). Due to the high demographic pressure and rural poverty coupled with soil degradation and high climatic variation (high fluctuation of rainfalls), the local population at Lake Alaotra depends highly on natural resources for securing their subsistence. The main problem for the local biodiversity is the use of shifting cultivation. On a global level, this land use pattern is declining but it is still widespread throughout Madagascar (Curtis et al. 2018, UNDP 2019). This creates a chronic conflict between conservation and development goals leading to marsh conversion into rice fields and overexploitation of natural resources (Copsey et al. 2009, Waeber et al. 2018). To solve this complex problem, several agricultural innovations have been attempted in the Alaotra region which mainly focused on rice cultivations (SRI System of Rice Intensification, conservation agriculture, use of special rice varieties) (de Laulanié 1993, Chabierski et al. 2006, Jenn-Treyer et al. 2007, Rasoamanana et al. 2011, Scopel et al. 2013). However, their diffusion failed due to several reasons: technical limitations (water control), expensive labour force, costly seeds, requirement of considerable amounts of mineral fertilizer, general preference for rice varieties with long straw used for feeding livestock, long learning process, and competition with fodder for livestock. The doubling of local fertilizer prices in 2008 due to the credit policy failures has aggravated the general skeptical opinions of local farmers toward agricultural innovations. A significant yield difference to the conventional agriculture cannot be reached without an optimal application of NPK (Penot et al. 2012, 2014). Since 2015, the price of fertilizers dropped again to its pre-2008 value, thereby relaunching their usage in the Alaotra region (pers. comm.). In comparison to rice cultivation, the improvement of vegetable farming has received less attention in the Alaotra region. One main problem for crop planting in the region are the relatively nutrient poor soils. Farmers regularly use fertilizers which are on the one hand expensive and on the other hand harmful for the environment. Within this study, we propose the use of the water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) as a source for organic fertilizer and soil amendment. It is one of the most problematic invasive aquatic plant species covering 53% of the marsh belt fringe, altering water parameters and plant communities at Lake Alaotra (Lammers et al. 2015). In addition, we found out that the livelihood of 81% of the local stakeholders at Lake Alaotra (mainly rice farmers and fishers) are affected by water hyacinth, as the plant clogs waterways, reduces fishing areas and thus fish catches, and invades rice fields during the rainy season (Rakotoarisoa et al. 2015). Globally, belonging to the 10 most troublesome aqu