This paper investigates the small scale plasma structures observed by ROCSAT‐1 in the equatorial F region through the newly developed Hilbert‐Huang transform (HHT) method in the time (space) domain under the frozen‐in approximation. The new method allows us to decompose the non‐stationary, nonlinear data into a finite number of intrinsic scale modes. In this report the structures of vertical ion velocity and horizontal density gradient inside a plasma bubble are analyzed mode by mode anatomically without making the usual linearization assumption. We found that the intrinsic modes for velocity and density gradient of the selected event have identical wave form for structures with scales between 300 m and 50 m. This implies that the vertical velocity fluctuations induced from the electric field follows the exact Boltzmann relation in the limited regime of scale length between 300 m and 50 m. A spectral break at 50 m is clearly seen in the velocity HHT spectrum. The spectral form of velocity differs greatly from that of density gradient at scale lengths shorter than 50 m.


This project is a workshop intended to enhance teacher knowledge of assisting students in comprehending informational text. It is supported by research and maintains the instructional goals of providing participants with not only knowledge of current research, but also provides for the development of age and content appropriate hands-on graphic organizers. Graphic organizers are a strategy that have been documented to hold great potential in improving reading comprehension. This open access graduate research paper is available at UNI ScholarWorks: https://scholarworks.uni.edu/grp/322 Using Technology to Support the Implementation of Vocabulary and Comprehension Strategies A Graduate Project submitted to the Division of Educational Technology Department of Curriculum and Instruction in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts UNIVERSITY OF NORTHERN IOWA by Lisa Beames June,2000 This Project by: Lisa Beames Titled: Using Technology to Support the Implementation of Vocabulary and Comprehension Strategies has been approved as meeting the research requirement for the Degree of Masters of Arts. ~7 Zooo DatPProv~d Graduate Facult ead, Department of Curriculum and Instruction Sharon E. Smaldino Leigh E. Zeitz Rick C. Traw


Thiocolchicoside used for the effective treatment of muscle spasm, cramps, musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders. It is available in market in the form of capsules and injection. The major problem associated with thiocolchicoside is it's bioavailability which is very low i.e. 25-30% only so in order to minimize drug loss due to first pass metabolism, and overcome problem associated with low bioavailability of drug there is a need to formulate semisolid preparation in the form of gel so we try to formulate and evaluate thiocolchicoside gel using different polymer and comparative study of their drug release. In vitro release of thiocolchicoside gel from three different polymers i.e. carbapol, HPMC, and Na CMC to an aqueous receptor phase through goat skin was monitored spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 259nm. This study was conducted to develop gel formulation of thiocolchicoside using three types of gelling agent i.e. carbopol, HPMC, Na CMC. Effect of penetration enhancer (propylene glycol) on the release has been studied. The gels were evaluated for physical appearance, rheological behaviour, drug release, and stability. Drug release from all gelling agent through goat skin was evaluated using keshary-chien diffusion cell. All gels show acceptable physical properties concerning colour, homogenity, consistancy spredability and pH value. Among all gel formulation carbapol showed superior drug release then followed by Na CMC and HPMC. Drug release decreased with increased in the polymer concentration. Drug release was not linearly proportional with the conc. of penetration enhancer or co-solvent stability studies showed that the physical appearance, rheological properties and drug release remained unchanged upon storage for two month at ambient condition.


The morphological features and local properties of an semi-alicyclic polyimide film were closely evaluated by atomic force microscopy (AFM). These characteristics were optimized by applying high frequency plasma treatment, in order to increase their suitability for electronic purposes. Starting from the surface texture parameters, a deep analysis of the surface topographies at the interface with certain compounds was performed. The action of the plasma species generates a prevalent granular surface morphology, with higher roughness, improved bearing characteristics and minimal surface orientation. In addition, after the plasma treatment, a greater interaction between the AFM silicon tip and the polyimide film occurred, reflecting an increased surface adhesion. The obtained data reveal that the processed semi-alicyclic polyimide exhibits optimal features for microelectronic applications such as silicon/polyimide interfaces for flexible electronics.


The study of regular expressions, possibly extended with operators other than the usual union, concatenation and star, has traditionally focused on closed expressions, i.e. expressions not containing free language variables. In this thesis we consider open expressions (i.e. expressions that may contain language variables) and the problem of deciding valid equations between them. In particular, we study constant-free shuue-intersection regular expressions, that is, expressions containing only language variables and using the shuue and intersection operators in addition to the usual union, concatenation and star. We prove the decidability of valid equations and in-equations between such expressions. This result is achieved introducing a new semantics for constant-free shuue-intersection regular expressions. We prove that our semantics is correct and fully abstract. We then reduce the problem of deciding if two expressions have the same semantics to the equivalence problem of nite state automata. Acknowledgments I would like to thank all the people who will ever read this thesis. Among these (I hope), I would especially like to thank Albert Meyer, my thesis supervisor. Working with him has been stimulating, rewarding, and, most of all, fun. I want also to express my deepest gratitude to Sanjoy Mitter for bringing me at MIT and helping me during my rst years at MIT. I want also to thank my former supervisor, Giorgio Levi, for his guidance, encouragement and advice, even once I had left the university of Pisa. In addition, I want to thank all the people who showed some interest in my work, including Mantaci, and many others. Special thanks to Sandeep Shukla and Richard Beigel, who asked me to send them a copy of my thesis when I had not even started writing it. They will never imagine how much their letter helped me in getting my work done. Thanks also to Alexander Russell and Ravi Sundaram who asked me to have their names in the acknowledgments. They would have deserved my thanks anyway for the many advise they gave me since I rst came here. Thanks to Roberto De Prisco, not to want his name in the acknowledgments. No thanks (to avoid the paradox) to Alessandro D'Andrea, who asked to be put among those who didn't want to be thanked. Finally, my warmest thanks to my parents, Mariella and Stefano Micciancio, for their constant support and encouragement.


The recrystallization behaviors of 60% rolled Fe-wt.3%Si and Fe- wt.3%Si-Mn-S alloys containing coarsen MnS particles were observed in temperature range 600°C~1000°C. The activation energy for recrystallization was determined according to an Arrhenius type of relationship. It was found that the activation energy in the temperature range 600°C~750°C was much higher than that in the temperature range 850°C~1000°C. Thermo-mechanical calculation indicates that there are hardly precipitation behaviors of MnS particles in 600°C~1000°C. Fe3C will precipitate below 650°C and Cottrell atmosphere will form just above 650°C, which induces dragging effect against the boundary migration during recrystallization and increase the activation energy. The activation energy determined was about 99kJ/mol or 217kJ/mol in Fe-3%Si alloy and 91kJ/mol or 220kJ/mol in Fe-3%Si-Mn-S alloy for the recrystallization in high temperature range of 850°C~1000°C or low temperature range of 600°C~750°C respectively.


Aptian Stage is widespread in the Central North Bulgaria, while the Albian is established only in the northern regions. The Aptian sections are built up of sediments of the Trambes and Svištov Formations. It has been established that the Trâmbeš and Svištov Formation join laterally along the line Svištov-Tatari-Osilm. The concretion phosphorites and sandstones, with in the range of Albian, are here separated as Dekov Formations. The lithologic and ammonitic sequences in 9 sections are studied and described. Aptian Stage is represented by the Middle (Gargasian) and Upper (Clansayesian) Substages. The following ammonitic zones are separated and characterized: Cheloniceras (Epicheloniceras) martinioides Zone, C. (E.) subnodosocostatum Zone, Acanthohoplites nolani Zone, Hypacanthoplites jacobi Zone. Aptian is covered with a wash-out by Albian. The interruption of the sedimentation includes Late Aptian (partially), Early and Middle Albian (partially) Substages. Albian Stage is represented by the Middle (partially) and Upper Albian Substages. The following zones are established and characterized: Hoplites (Hoplites) dentatus Zone, Euhoplites loricatus Zone, Euhoplites lautus Zone, Mortoniceras (Pervinquieriа) inflatum Zone, Stoliczkaia dispar Zone. In some sections the separation of the first four zones is impossible due to the strong condensation in their basement. Albian is normally covered by Cenomanian. The boundary between them is traced by the disappearance of Stoliczkaia (Stoliczkaia), Mortoniceras and the appearance of Mantelliceras. Northwestwards an increase of the sandstones and mixed te rrigenous-carbonate rocks is observed in Aptian. An increase of the condensation and decrease of the thickness of the sediments to the south direction are established in Albian.


The invention relates to a process for separating a multi-component feed mixture in a distillation system comprising a first distillation column having a first fired reboiler, and at least a second distillation column having a second heat-exchange reboiler, comprising the steps of a) introducing the feed mixture to the first column, and separating into at least a first top and a first bottom product; b) taking part of the first bottom product for providing heat to the second reboiler as a utility stream; and c) feeding part of said utility stream after heat-exchange as main feed to the second column for further separation. This process allows significant energy savings, by reduction of the amount of external heat required for the fired reboiler and omission of a conventionally used heat-exhanger. The invention also relates to such distillation system suitable for separating a multi-component mixture with the process of the invention.


With the design process,this paper analyze the structure calculation and structural measures taken for recessed irregular,with large openings in the floor,weak joints,causing removed column span space,the location of shear walls can be arranged less,stiffness of the structure away from the center of mass and other negative factors,provides reference to the similar engineering design.


Most demographic data indicate a roughly exponential increase in adult mortality with age, a phenom- enonthathasbeenexplainedintermsofadeclineintheforce ofnaturalselectionactingonage-specificmortality.Scattered demographic findings suggest the existence of a late-life mortality plateau in both humans and dipteran insects, seemingly at odds with both prior data and evolutionary theory. Extensions to the evolutionary theory of aging are developedwhichindicatethatsuchlate-lifemortalityplateaus are to be expected when enough late-life data are collected. This expanded theory predicts late-life mortality plateaus, withbothantagonisticpleiotropyandmutationaccumulation as driving population genetic mechanisms.


This paper addresses the problem of robust state and output feedback tracking controller design for uncertain nonlinear systems with time delays, in which the lumped uncertainties are not in the span of the control input space. The proposed control strategy can guarantee that the closed-loop system is uniformly and ultimately bounded. The present methodology is illustrated through an example of a chemical reactor system.<<ETX>>


Combined with xiamen airport underground parking wear-resisting flooring application concrete seal hardener examples,expounded the sealed concrete hardener characteristics,can significantly improve the wear-resistant floor all aspects of performance,and mainly described the construction points in wear-resisting floor.


AIM: The aims of this study were; to determine incidence of pesticide intoxication among individual who live in homes with farmers and to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and behavior of employees agriculture area about pesticide.
METHOD: The study was conducted in six villages in Egirdir and Gelendost districts where the most commonly apple produced and pesticide applied. In addition, the data were collected using the questionnaire prepared to evaluated sociodemographic status, individual pesticide application, information about pesticides. The incidence of pesticide intoxication was determined during the last year.
RESULTS: The prevalence of pesticide poisoning was defined as 1.3% in the research group in the past year. Seventy five of poisoning cases were under 15 years. The various symptoms and complaints were seen in 71% of the research group during application or then. Those were determined that personal protective measures were not careful enough, and gloves, masks, special clothing and boots were not worn during spraying, and pesticide application was made more than the recommended dose, and the time required to wait were not followed after application and before harvest.
CONCLUSION: Individuals who apply the pesticides should be educated systematically about the recommended dosages, some harmful effects substance to environment, products and to human health, together with protection methods.


In this paper, we propose an observation-based fine grained access control (OFGAC) mechanism where data are made accessible at various levels of abstractions accord- ing to their sensitivity levels. In this setting, unauthorized users are not able to infer the exact content of the confiden- tial data, while they are allowed to get partial information out of it, according to their access rights. The traditional fine grained access control (FGAC) can be seen as a special case of the OFGAC framework.


In this paper I try to sketch the main textological trends that have developed in the last twenty years. I am especially concerned with the last version of J. S. Petofi s theory, i.e. the so-called semiotic textology. After shortly dealing with some interdisciplinary questions that regard text research (for instance, the role and the relations of pragmatics and semantics, the importance of proceduralism, the role of several types of logic, the utilization of the concepts of possible world and frame, etc.), I single out the most urgent tasks and aims that semiotic textology has to meet, for example the reformulation of the concept and function of both sign and text / discourse, some critical remarks concerning Chomsky's paradigm, the distinction and explication of different kinds of interpretation (theoretical, structural, procedural, evaluative, etc.), the analyse of multimedial texts and hypertexts, and so on.


"This readable edition of Haywood's blockbuster novel is an important addition to our understanding of the history of the English novel." — Paula Backscheider, Auburn University


Limnological Survey of three Tropical Water Reservoirs in Eastern India. Plankton communities of three water reservoirs of India reflect direct relationship with organic pollution. The assessment of water quality as high or low organically polluted for three water bodies have been achieved with help of algal community, which can be used as indicator of organic pollution. Algal pollution indices according to Palmer (1969) and Watanabe's (1962) based on genus and species were used in rating water samples for high or low organic pollution. Among 26 genera found in India 20 most frequent and common genera of algae were taken into account for indexing pollution status. Water Quality Index (WQI) on the basis of weighting and rating of the chemical parameter was also used to correlate the Palmer index with Physical-chemical parameters of water reservoirs.


The fungus-inoculated Broussonetia papyrifera shoot cortical tissues produced two stress metabolites named spirobroussonin A and B. Structure elucidation of these compounds is described.


Acid treatment of two types of aryl(gem-dihalogenocyclopropyl)methanols (ADCMs) 1 and 3 gives α- and β-halogenonaphthalenes in good yields with excellent selectivity. These alternative annulations involve two distinctive types of highly regioselective acid-induced cyclopropane ring cleavage, wherein the preferential formation of more stable cationic intermediates determines the selectivity. The stereochemical mode of both the preparation and the annulation between diastereoisomers of an ADCM has been checked. As a demonstration of this annulation, a total synthesis of each of the natural lignan lactones, justicidin E 19 and taiwanin C 20, has also been performed. Since these 4-arylnaphthalenes are expected to exhibit biological activity, the anti-platelet activating factor (anti-PAF) activity of justicidin E has been assayed.


Objective To evaluate the value of vestibular autorotation test(VAT) in differentiating central and peripheral etiologies in patients with positional vertigo. Methods Clinical data of 140 patients with positional vertigo without hearing loss, tinnitus and vestibular hypofunction were reviewed, including history, physical exam, videonystagmography (VNG), VAT, brain MRI, positional tests and physical manipulation. Results The 138 patients with BPPV all had normal brain MRI and horizontal gain on VAT. Their positional down beating nystagmus (pDBN) disappeared after physical manipulation. In the 2 patients with Arnold-Chiari malformation, diagnosed by abnormal brain MRI, there was increased horizontal gain on VAT, and pDBN persisted after physical manipulation. Conclusion VAT may be of adjuvant value in diagnosis and etiology differentiation in BPPV.


A method for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in lamb kebab by GC-MS spectrometry has been established.The samples were extracted with hexane-dichloromethane homogenate and then cleaned up by the columns of neutral aluminum oxide.Finally,under the optimum condition,the 16 kinds of PAHs had been separated successfully.The recoveries of them are in the range of 77.5%—99.4% ,the relative standard deviation is between 2.24% and 8.70%.The detection limit is between 0.009μg/mL and 0.120μg/mL.The method is rapid,simple.Therefore,it is suitable for detection and analysis of PAHs.


Thermal shock tests have been performed to determine the influence of rapid temperature change on crack nucleation and propagation in lightweight Al/B4C composite. The composite was produced using self-propagating hightemperature synthesis (SHS) with subsequent heat treatment at 700°C in vacuum. Quenching in water was chosen as thermal loading. The specimens have been subjected to a specified number of thermal cycles and then analyzed. Postshocked samples have been characterized by means of microstructural and fractographical investigations to analyze the crack paths.


The invention relates to an integrative prepositive communication equipment which pertains to the field of data communication equipment in the automated system of power dispatching. The proposal of the invention is realized by the following steps that: the equipment of the invention comprises the housing of a chassis, a plurality of cards and connecting wires thereof. The cards comprise a signal processing module, at least one piece of terminal server card arranged to be connected with the signal processing module by serial data bus and a channel at a signal station end, which connects the signal processing module and the outside. The integrative prepositive communication equipment of the invention has the advantages of high integration degree, high reliability and low power consumption.


Trends and participants in forensic science research. From one of two symposia on forensic chemistry, one held at the ACS meeting in Seattle, 1983, and the second held at the 8th BCCE, Storrs CT, 1984.


Engages with literature negotiating population and domestic spaces to articulate a biopolitical form. Suggests an anthropocentric 'improvement' trope of diet and animals. Introduces the multispecies urban proximities and abjection of London that literary works negotiated in diverse ways.


Patients diagnosed with COVID-19 have a higher risk for thrombosis, which is the term used to denote an occlusion or blood clot that occurs in a vein [1-4]. These, in turn, can lead to detrimental consequences including motor impairments, as well as increased morbidity and mortality rates. Therefore, it is vital to assess routine laboratory and cutaneous findings to prevent any ensuing organ damage. German physician Rudolf Virchow identified some of the primary factors that may increase an individual's susceptibility to developing thrombophilia [1-5]. Virchow's triad comprises endothelial vessel wall injury, stasis or slowing down of the blood, and finally, hypercoagulability [2-4]. These three factors can be exacerbated by many components, including an individual's genetic predisposition, or acquired factors like COVID-19, smoking, or hypertension [1,3,4]. Their contribution to hypercoagulability is discussed next. Endothelial injury can lead to turbulences in blood vessels, subsequently altering blood flow dynamics. If left unchanged, an inflammatory response is mounted via the complement system. Activation of the complement system results in an increased concentration of proinflammatory cytokines, thus promoting a hypercoagulable state [1,2]. As discussed above, stasis, which is used to describe immobilization of blood flow can result from prolonged stillness and directly increases hypercoagulability in patients [1,2]. Finally, prothrombic factors from the coagulation cascade system of our body can be altered, thus leading to a hypercoagulable state [1,2]. The correlation of Virchow's triad as it relates specifically to COVID-19 patients will be discussed in detail below. Studies have shown that endothelial cell injury can occur as a direct response to the COVID-19 virus [1-4]. The damage created by the virus leads to activation of the complement-mediated system factors C5b-9, which subsequently leads to hypercoagulability [2,3]. In addition, endothelial injury can also result from the catheterization and intubation procedures implemented in severe COVID-19 cases, which can cause physical damage to blood vessels. Additionally, COVID-19 patients, especially those necessitating hospitalization and ICU care, are at an increased risk of thrombosis due to their prolonged immobility. This largely sedentary state directly impacts blood flow dynamics, for it promotes the genesis of stasis. Thirdly, the elevation of prothrombic factors such as fibrinogen and D-dimmer levels have been reported in COVID-19 patients, which directly lead to prolongation of Prothrombin Time (PT) and activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT) [1-3]. Routine monitoring of blood labs, including Complete Blood Count (CBC), platelet count, coagulation studies (PT and aPTT), fibrinogen, and D-dimer levels should be assessed to evaluate the coagulability state of COVID-19 patients. Moreover, given the fact that a hypercoagulable state can also manifest as a dermatological condition, physicians can also use this as a metric to diagnose hypercoagulability in patients [5]. Some of the most common cutaneous manifestations of hypercoagulability include purpura, livedo reticularis, livedo vasculopathy, chronic venous ulcers, and superficial venous thrombosis [4,5]. The clinical manifestation of Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT), Pulmonary Embolism (PE), stroke, limb ischemia, bleeding, and any associated dermatological findings urge us to investigate the relationship between COVID-19 and increased susceptibility to bleeding and thrombosis [1-3]. This way, physicians can predict hypercoagulability state severity in COVID-19 patients and be better equipped to assess the overall risk of morbidity and mortality.


Excerpt The flow of information from the gene is not under normal circumstances continuous and uncontrolled but is subject to regulation, which ensures that the synthesis of new enzymes and the con...


We have synthesized a novel class of excited-state intramolecular proton transfer-active molecule (DOXG) forming columnar liquid crystals with enhanced fluorescence emission. The intramolecularly H-bonded core of DOXG produced columnar hexagonal and rectangular phases during cooling as a result of strong core-to-core interactions. In its mesophase, DOXG produced tilted stacking (J-type) in the inner column due to the elliptical molecular shape, bringing about a strong (quantum yield of 34%) and large Stokes' shifted (∼173 nm) fluorescence emission.


The present study is part of a long-term interdisciplinary project designed to study the apparent difference between normal and educationally sub-normal children (ESN) on tests that measure gross motor performance. The inferiority of ESN children in such tests as the AAHPER Youth Fitness Test is described as apparent since most studies reporting such a finding have compared a sample drawn from an ESN population with published age norms for normal children.


In their recent article in Archives of Neurology, Gitchel et al. report that patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) exhibit a small-amplitude (approximately 0.3 degrees) ocular oscillation of 5.7 Hz on oculography. The authors state that this eye tremor is characteristic and that it may be a possible marker of the disease. Although the finding could have had vast implications, we have demonstrated that the eye oscillation at the frequency they describe is a mere biological artifact (Kaski et al.). Specifically, the eye movement is secondary to a subclinical head tremor that evokes vestibularly driven, oscillatory eye movements (vestibuloocular reflex [VOR]), giving the appearance of tremor. In our paper, we recorded eye and head movements in 2 patients with PD and demonstrated (Fig 1A–C): (1) that there is indeed a recordable eye oscillation in patients with PD; (2) that there is also a subclinical head tremor, as detected by 2 different types of accelerometers; (3) that the eye oscillation is in the opposite phase to the head tremor (as expected for a VOR-driven eye movement), and both are highly coherent; and (4) that manually restraining the patient's head drastically reduced both the head tremors and, consequently, the eye tremors (see Fig. 1B in Kaski et al.). In their reply, Baron et al. specifically question this latter finding, "Despite their resolve, the authors provide absolutely no supportive data for this speculation. Most conspicuously, in their figure, when the head is fully restrained (evident by the flat accelerometer reading), the ocular tremor persists." Interested readers are directed to Figure 1B in Kaski et al., which, in fact, shows that the amplitude of the eye tremor is a function of the amplitude of the head tremor and is almost absent when the head oscillation is minimal. Full abolition of head motion at vibration frequencies, a major problem in vestibular and oculomotor research, is virtually impossible; hence, the eye oscillation diminishes significantly but never fully disappears. Similarly, in a condition that we termed pendular "pseudonystagmus" ("pseudo" because the apparent eye oscillation was also secondary to head oscillation), we attempted to fix the patient's head with an individually customized, hard dental mould (bite plate), but residual head-eye oscillations also persisted (see Fig. 1 in Bronstein et al.). Accordingly, the marked attenuation in the eye tremor brought about by conventional head restraint, thus, is sufficient evidence that the eye oscillation in PD is secondary to small head oscillations. Indeed, if the eye oscillation reported was a genuine ocular tremor, then why would it drop so drastically by fixing the head? The critical question is why Gitchel et al. failed to record head movements in their patients, which would have revealed the true relation between head and eye movement. To their credit, an attempt was made in a subset of their patients using an electromagnetic motion recorder. These are excellent devices, because the recording units are simple (displacement amplitude, eg centimeters or degrees) and correlate with the clinically visible amplitude of an individual patient's tremor. However, they are position-tracking devices and, as such, are much less sensitive to the very small head oscillations present in these patients. It should be noted that, however small in amplitude these head oscillations are (0.3–0.5 degrees), because of their high frequency, they generate high acceleration values that are easily picked up by conventional accelerometers (recall that Velocity 5 Displacement 3 2p 3 Frequency and that Acceleration 5 Velocity 3 2p 3 Frequency; hence, at a typical tremor frequency of 6 Hz, substantial acceleration accompanies modest head displacement). Taking the burden of proof, we now demonstrate (Fig. 1) mechanical oscillatory movement generated by a "shaker" (an electromagnetic vibration generator; LDS Shaker V101, Bruel & Kjaer, Naeum, Denmark) attached to both a linear accelerometer and an electromagnetic tracker (described by Kaski et al.). The oscillation frequency was kept constant at 6 Hz, but the amplitude was gradually increased. It can be seen that, at maximal amplification for both recording devices, the accelerometer detects the oscillatory movement much earlier than the magnetic positiontracking device. Contrary to what Baron et al. contend, however, sampling rates are hardly relevant here, given that, to record a 6-Hz tremor, a sampling rate of 60 Hz is more than adequate, in accordance with the Nyquist sampling theorem. Finally, Baron et al. are dismissive of the many clinical observations and research reports indicating that ocular oscillations like those reported would certainly be both symptomatic and easily detected on fundoscopy. Clinical ophthalmoscopy is a simple way of assessing fixation with a resolution of 10 minutes of arc: and, if patients with PD did have a genuine eye tremor of approximately 0.3 degrees, it would not be missed by specialists. Therefore, we restate that the "pervasive" eye oscillation recently described in PD is secondary to a normal VOR in patients with pervasive head tremor. Although the latter may not be clinically significant, it can be detected with high-resolution accelerometry.


Abstract A synthetic novel strategy involving a pseudo-three-component reaction to obtain 1,6-dihydroazaazulenes derivates via cyclization of pyrrolyl-enones was developed. This reaction is carried out under mild conditions from simple starting materials and catalyzed with ionic liquid. Notably, three new C–C bonds are formed in the one-pot process. The target molecules are of interest in medicinal chemistry as they contain a privileged scaffold and are considered indole homologues.


The overlapping factor has a vital role in determining the optimum bandwidth utilization and the desired side band suppression. In this paper, we review one of the filter bank multicarrier technique-staggered multi tone modulation, discuss its efficient implementation in polyphase form and compare between several performance parameters of the same. We also discuss the role of overlapping factor in staggered multi tone modulation systems. We describe a low complexity procedure for generation of the required overlapping factors based on frequency sampling method. Our simulations describe the effectiveness of the optimum value selection for overlapping factor in a staggered multi tone modulation system. The proposed system is theoretically found to be compatible with the Long Term Evolution standards. The performance evaluation of the proposed system in ideal conditions emphasizes about the reduction in spectrum leakage in sidebands of the staggered multi tone modulation system, along with a little increase in system complexity.


Objective: To determine the prevalence of various types and attachment level of maxillary frenum in Malaysian children. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a total of 200 children of age ranging from 2 to 15 years. Photographs of maxillary frenum were taken and their types and level of attachment were recorded by using Placek's classification and modified Sewerin typology. Children were divided into 3 groups based on age: between 2-5, 6-11 and 12-15 years. Descriptive analysis was carried out to determine the frequency of frenum types and level of attachment. The relationship of frenal attachment with gender, and age were studied. Data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequencies, percentages, means and standard deviation). Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 19.0 was used to analyze the data. Results: The most common type was mucosal type of attachment (75%) and the least common was papillary penetrating (4.5%) based on Placek's classification whereas for modified Sewerin's typology, simple frenum (73%) was the most prevalent, followed by simple with nodule frenum (11.5%). There was no significant difference in the frenum attachment between the two genders. Mucosal and gingival attachment was significantly higher in older age group whereas papillary and papillary penetrating was higher in younger age group. Conclusion: This study showed that attachment of frenum in children changes according to age and whereas gender plays no role in portraying the difference. Hence, clinicians must be able to identify the different types of MMLF during dental examination to avoid any unnecessary surgical interventions particularly during the period of development.


Few predictors of low capture threshold before the deployment of the Micra transcatheter pacing system (Micra TPS) have been determined. We aimed to identify fluoroscopic predictors of an acceptable capture threshold before Micra TPS deployment.


Objective: The difference of extracting solvent to hepatocytes toxicity of Polygonum multiflorum was researched to probe the influence of different usages to the safety of P. multiflorum. Method: The inhibition rate of P. multiflorum samples to human hepatocytes( L02 cell line) with different extracting methods was detected by CCK-8 method. The dose of all the samples was 5 g·L- 1counted on the quantity of crude material. The influence of extracting solvent,the amount of solvent and extracting duration on hepatocytes toxicity was investigated by orthogonal test. UPLC fingerprints of the P. multiflorum samples were acquired and then analyzed with relationship to hepatocytes toxicity by partial least squares( PLS) analysis. Result: The method to detect the hepatocytes toxicity of P. multiflorum was established based on the CCK-8 colorimetry. The hepatocytes toxicity of the sample extracted with 75% ethanol was much greater than that of the sample extracted with water.The concentration of ethanol investigated in orthogonal test revealed significant influence to the hepatocytes toxicity,and the toxicity sequence of the samples was: 50% ethanol 75% ethanol 95% ethanol. According PLS analysis there are two contents relative to hepatocytes toxicity. Conclusion: The extracting solvent showed significant influence on the hepatocytes toxicity of P. multiflorum and the sample extracted with 50% ethanol was of much toxic potential. It should be cautious about the high risk of liver damage of P. multiflorum,considering people usually used the herb by soaking with wine around 50 degree.


This keynote speech was given by Peter Head at the Better Building Summit hosted by the DTI in October 2003. In it he outlines the work being carried out by the London Sustainable Development Commission in developing a practical approach to improving waste and emissions reduction, take-up of renewables and water efficiency.


Scrapbook filled primarily with letters and photos related to Marian Hunt's time at Texas Woman's College. A graduation announcement from Fort Worth High School can be seen at the beginning of the book.


Bill Williams, Sir Sidney Hamburger and Manchester Jewry: Religion, City and Community (London and Portland, OR, Vallentine Mitchell, 1999). Pp. xiv + 306. £25. (hardback) ISBN 085303 363 3 Benita Parry, Delusions and Discoveries: India in the British Imagination, 1880 ‐1930 (London: Verso, 1998). Pp.xiv + 274. £13 (paperback). ISBN 1 85984 128 7 Martin Daunton and Rick Halpern (eds.), Empire and Others: British Encounters with Indigenous Peoples, 1600–1850 (London: UCL Press, 1999), Pp.xii. + 400. £50. ISBN 1 85728 991 9 Martin J. Mitchell, The Irish in the West of Scotland, 1797–1848. Trade Unions, Strikes and Political Movements (Edinburgh: John Donald, 1999). Pp.viii + 286. £20 (paperback). ISBN 0 85976 480 X Kimberley L. Phillips, Alabama North: African‐American Migrants, Community, and Working‐Class Activism in Cleveland, 1915–45 (Urbana and Chicago, IL: University of Illinois Press, 1999). Pp.xv + 334. $59.95 (cloth); $21.95 (paperback). ISBN 0 252 06793 2 Myra B. Young Armstead, 'Lord, Please Don't Take Me in August': African‐Americans in Newport and Saratoga Springs, 1870–1930 (Urbana and Chicago, IL: University of Illinois Press, 1999). Pp.xviii + 176. $39.95 (cloth); $16.95 (paperback). ISBN 0 252 06801 7 Catherine Lloyd, Discourses of Antiracism in France (Aldershot: Ashgate, 1998). Pp.iii + 277. £42. ISBN 1 84014 345 2 Peter Cumper and Steven Wheatley (eds.), Minority Rights in the 'New' Europe (The Hague/London/Boston, MA: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1999). Pp.ix + 385. NLG 225/£79/US$135. ISBN 90 411 1124 7


Reforming a large organization is always difficult. This article considers the attempts made by the United States Marine Corps to introduce change over the last few years. It centres on the influence of the Commandant of the Corps in the late 1990s, General Charles C. Krulak, and his attempts to engineer a force that would be both relevant and capable in the years beyond his tenure. He sought to meet the challenge posed by the rise of unconventional forms of warfare, such as counter-insurgency, with a series of radical reforms; however, Krulak's vision and his ability to push change were hampered by internal and external impediments. He was unable to shape the Marine Corps that he wanted to see operating in the 21st century. Examined here are the reasons why Krulak was not successful, and why the corps is still struggling to shape itself as an organization properly geared to dealing with today's asymmetric threats. The corps is not yet all that it should be.


Strategic renewal has become a prominent theme in a variety of organisation and management research domains in recent years. It refers to the process that allows organisations to alter their path d...


Facial modeling has been an ongoing research for many years and still shows research trend due to its relevance to current technology. Many applications incorporate facial expression modeling with the help of facial tracking, facial animation and facial recognition. The existing performance of the modeling method faces the challenges to perform well due to many factors. Currently, the use of 2D images and videos as inputs for modeling process are gaining popularity. However, current technologies and development had extended the trends towards acquiring 3D human data. This paper provides an overview on variety of modeling techniques based on human facial model that can lead to future research.


In this paper, two powerful analytical methods known as modi fie homotopy perturbation method and Amplitude Frequency Formulation called respectively MHPM and AFF, are introduc ed to derive approximate solutions of a system of ordinary di fferential equations appear in mechanical applications. These method s convert a difficult problem into a simple one, which can be ea sily handled. The obtained solutions are compared with numerical fourth o der runge-kutta method to show the applicability and accur a y of both MHPM and AFF in solving this sample problem. The results atta ined in this paper confirm the idea that MHPM and AFF are powerf ul mathematical tools and they can be applied to linear and nonl inear problems.


In earlier experiments on the tube-locking of fertilized ova by small doses (7.5 to 25 R.U.) of estrogenic substances, it was noticed that in a few animals some of the ova were located in the upper end of the fallopian tube (1). Undernormal conditions the ova would have been in either the uterine third of the tube or in the uterine lumen, according to the lapse of time after fertilization. Since ova were occasionally found in the upper tubal region, particularly after injections of 25 R.U. of an estrogen, it was thought possible that increased doses resulted in a proOvarial peristalsis. Experiments were undertaken to determine this possibility. However, we have found that increased injections of an estrogen result in neither a proOvarial peristalsis nor the tubelocking of ova as with smaller amounts but, instead, result in an acceleration of the rate of passage of ova through the tubes. Copulation in mice was determined by the vaginal plug method, and the estrogen used was progynon-B in oil. Autopsies wer...


This study was conducted to confirm the synergistic inactivation effect of flower pollen when applied with heat treatment to Escherichia coli O157:H7. The reduction of the number of E. coli O157:H7 was monitored during heat treatment at 55, 57.5, 60, 62.5 and 65C. The D-values in the culture were D55 = 10.03 ± 0.59, D57.5 = 3.84 ± 0.05, D60 = 2.76 ± 0.19, D62.5 = 1.31 ± 0.20 and D65 = 1.04 ± 0.01 min, respectively, which were reduced to D55 = 3.13 ± 0.12, D57.5 = 3.02 ± 0.14, D60 = 1.80 ± 0.05, D62.5 = 1.11 ± 0.03 and D65 = 0.79 ± 0.01 min with the addition of pollen (80 mg/mL). The z-value without addition of pollen was 10.24C, which increased to 15.11C with addition of pollen. The D-values in ground pork were D55 = 5.59 ± 0.11, D57.5 = 2.58 ± 0.05, D60 = 2.07 ± 0.19, D62.5 = 1.30 ± 0.03 and D65 = 0.87 ± 0.02 min. When treated with the addition of pollen (150 mg/mL), the D-values decreased to D55 = 1.87 ± 0.05, D57.5 = 1.56 ± 0.02, D60 = 1.11 ± 0.01, D62.5 = 0.73 ± 0.01 and D65 = 0.50 ± 0.00 min. The z-value increased from 13.05C to 16.86C.

Practical Applications
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study applying flower pollen as a natural antimicrobial additive to improve the effect of heat treatment at the time of the sterilization of a meat product. Flower pollen might be provided by cultivating plant resources. It implies that the cost of flower pollen could be dramatically reduced and the cost reduction with suitable degree of antimicrobial activity gives a great benefit to the users in the processed food industries.


Human rights — Rights of the child — Right to family life — Divorce — Visiting rights for father — Concept of family — International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 1966 International tribunals — United Nations Human Rights Committee — Competence — Procedure — Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 1966 — Communication alleging violations of Covenant — Standing — Concept of "victim" — Communication already examined by European Commission of Human Rights — Reservations to Optional Protocol


As reactivation of the fetal gene program has been implicated in pathological remodelling during heart failure (HF), we examined whether cardiomyocyte subcellular structure and function revert to an immature phenotype during this disease. Surface and internal membrane structures appeared gradually during development, and returned to a juvenile state during HF. Similarly, dyadic junctions between the cell membrane and sarcoplasmic reticulum were progressively 'packed' with L‐type Ca2+ channels and ryanodine receptors during development, and 'unpacked' during HF. Despite similarities in subcellular structure, dyads were observed to be functional from early developmental stages, but exhibited an impaired ability to release Ca2+ in failing cardiomyocytes. Thus, while immature and failing cardiomyocytes share similarities in subcellular structure, these do not fully account for the marked impairment of Ca2+ homeostasis observed in HF.


comes among middle schools that have imple mented the tenants of middle grades education? From our perspective as researchers, we can per sonally reflect on our work over the past decade. During that time, we have focused our research and evaluation efforts on examining the schools that serve young adolescents. Our research agen da has been to analyze how middle schools improve, what impact the improvements have on teachers and students, and how successful outcomes can be replicated in other schools. We believe that the foundation of research


The importance of brood size, offspring age, and male size for parental care behaviour was studied in the common goby, Pomatoschistus microps. In field observations, the aggression of nest guarding males was measured as attacks towards a finger when disturbing the nest. Attacking males had larger and more developed clutches compared to non-attacking males, but did not differ in body size. In another set of observations nest guarding males were exposed to a predator (eelpout, Zoarces viviparus) and subsequently chased away from their nests. Time away from the nest decreased significantly with egg developmental stage, i.e. with the time the male had spent guarding a particular brood. However, no correlations with male body length or numbers of eggs in the nest were found. We conclude that male common gobies evaluate future reproductive success by using brood age and brood size as cues for making decisions about risk-taking and aggressive behaviour during parental care.


The factors affecting fire pump′s water suction time were analyzed.A relationship for water suction time and pump flow was obtained.A mathematic model for the fire pump′s water suction time was established.The formula is derived.From 3 kinds of fire pump′s water suction experiments,it shows that this formula is successful and viable to make fire pump′s parameters more accurate.It is also very meaningful for designing a useful and reasonable fire pump.


In order to understand source processes of inland earthquake, it is important to reveal a crustal structure and distribution of fluids beneath the fault zone. Resistivity sounding using magnetotelluric (MT) method can detect resistivity structure down to a few dozen km, depending on a frequency band, and resistivity is a sensitive quantity to the presence of fluids. The Ishikari-teichi-toen active fault zone is located on the eastern edge of Ishikari lowland. This region corresponds to the geological and tectonic boundary between the central and southwestern Hokkaido, and is realized as a strain concentration zone compressed in the E-W direction. In order to image a resistivity structure including the lower crust, the MT survey was carried out in this region. Prior to a 2-D analysis, we calculated MT responses by 3D resistivity model assuming the ocean and conductive sediments, in order to estimate the effect due to low resistivity of the ocean. As a result, a significant effect was clarified in TE mode at a frequency band below 0.03 Hz. Therefore, 2-D analysis treated the TM mode of a whole frequency band and TE mode above 0.03 Hz. The 2-D resistivity inversion code developed by Ogawa and Uchida (1996) estimated resistivity sections along four survey lines that were perpendicular to the fault zone. The four inverted resistivity sections indicated a similar tendency, which consisted of three layers; resistive (0-2 km), conductive (2-7 km) and resistive ( > 7 km). The structure shallower than 7 km was consisted with seismic velocity structure, showing characteristics of the detachment and fold due to the thrusting activity. The conductive layers are significant ( < 10 ohm-m) below the middle part of the lowland but they do not extend to the east beyond the fault zone. This boundary can correspond to the extension of the main fault and be interpreted as a detachment of thrusting structure. The deeper part was almost uniform resistivity of a few ohm-m, except the conductor at the southwestern part, which was probably related to the activity of the Shikotsu caldera. On the other hand, the conductor implying fluids in the crust was not found beneath the fault zone. However, the MT response including such structure (i.e. deep conductor) could be removed during the 2-D analysis, because we reduced the MT data to prevent the sea effect, which was caused by the conductive seawater surrounding the study area. A full 3-D inversion analysis can resolve this problem effectively. In the tectonic zone, dehydrated fluid from a subducted oceanic plate is estimated to be localized in the crust and the upper mantle. It is considered that identifying the localized fluid is the critical key to clarify the mechanism of tectonic zone. Therefore, measuring of electrical resistivity structure which is highly sensitive to fluid, is thought to be contributing to clarify the mechanism of the tectonic zone. We started wideband magnetotelluric (MT) surveys in the northeastern margin of Japan sea tectonic zone since 2008. In 2010, we performed 27 MT surveys on YNZ line (Murakami, Niigata < - > Soma, Fukushima) from east to west in the southern part of Tohoku region.The surveys have been continued about 20 days at each site by using 12 measurement devices(11 of ADU07[Metronix Geophysics] and a MTU[Phoenix Geophysics]). We obtained impedance responses by using the robust code of BIRRP (Chase and Thomson, 2004), and estimated 2D resistivity structure by using a 2D inversion code (Ogawa and Uchida, 1996). 2D models from TE and TM modes show a conductive part (C1) between two resistive parts( R1, R2) in the middle of the survey line. The C1 is located at the volcanic front, which can image that the C1 is partial melts or hydrothermal area. The Niigata-Kobe Tectonic Zone (NKTZ) (Sagiya et al., 2000) is placed in the eastern margin of the Japan Sea, many large earthquakes occurred within NKTZ. To understand the generation mechanism of these earthquakes and a formation of the NKTZ, it is important to obtain detailed hypocenter distribution around the NKTZ and to estimate stress field around the region. From focal mechanisms of aftershocks of the 2004 Chuetsu earthquake and the 2007 Chuetsu-oki earthquake, the stress fields around the source regions were estimated (Kato et al., 2006; Imanishi et al., 2006; Imanishi and Kuwahara, 2009). It is difficult to estimate stress fields in the marine region around Niigata prefecture precisely, because it is difficult to locate precise hypocenters in offshore regions only land seismic stations. Precise hypocenter locations determined by using oceanic bottom seismometers enable us to estimate precise stress fields in marine area. Shinbo et al. (2010) determined hypocenters by using 10 long-term ocean bottom seismometers off Joetsu, Niigata prefecture and land seismic stations from Dec., 2008 to Oct., 2009 and estimated focal mechanism solutions. In this study, we examine stress tensor inversion using these focal mechanism solutions and investigate spatial distribution of stress field from source region of 2004 Chuetsu earthquake to the marine region around Niigata prefecture. We calculated the stress field by applying method of Hardebeck and Michael (2006) and estimated the principal axes. As the result, azimuth of maximum principal stress is from NW-SE to WNW-ESE and its dip is close to be horizontal. Dip of minimum principal stress is close to be horizontal near the mainshock of 2007 Chuetsu-oki earthquake and is close to be vertical near the mainshock of 2004 Chuetsu earthquake and in the marine region around Niigata prefecture. This result show the stress field becomes the strike-slip type near the mainshock of 2007 Chuetsu-oki earthquake and becomes the reverse fault type in other regions. We suggest the local variation in stress field. At the eastern margin of the Japan Sea, large earthquakes have been occurred (e.g., 1964 Niigata earthquake, the 1983 Japan Sea earthquake, the 2004 Chuetsu earthquake and the 2007 Chuetsu-oki earthquake) along the Niigata-Kobe Tectonic Zone (NKTZ). The NKTZ is recognized as a region of large strain rate along the Japan Sea coast and in the northern Chubu and Kinki distinct. Among these events, the 2004 Chuetsu earthquake and the 2007 Chuetsu-oki earthquake is triggered by reactivation of pre-existing faults within ancient rift systems by stress loading through a ductile creeping of the weak lower crust (Kato et al., 2008). Because the tectonic zone is thought to be spread in offshore region, it is difficult to understand a precise activity of the tectonic zone from only land-base observations. To compare the seismic activity with the crustal structure in the region is indispensable to understand the stress field in the tectonic zone and the tectonics in the eastern margin of the Japan Sea. In order to understand precise seismic activities in the NKTZ, especially in offshore region, we installed Ocean Bottom Cabled Seismometers (OBCSs) in the source region of the 1964 Niigata earthquake in 2010 (Shinohara et al., 2010). The OBCS system has a length of 25 km and 4 OBCSs were developed with 5 km interval. The OBCSs have three accelerometers as seismic sensor. In 2011, a seismic survey using airguna and OBCSs was carried out to obtain a seismic velocity model. To understand a precise crustal structure is necessary for precise earthquake locations. The precise seismic activities may contribute to understand a current state of the source region of the 1964 Niigata earthquake. In this study, we construct a P-wave velocity model below each OBCS using the tau-p mapping and the tau-sum inversion method (Stoffa et al., 1981; Shinohara et al., 1994). Then we estimate proper station corrections each OBCS for earthquake location. Associated with the opening of the Japan Sea, volcanic rift-basins have been developed along the Japan Sea coast of northern Honshu. The Niigata basin, central Japan, is one of such basins and filled by thick ( < 8 km) Neogene sediments. By subsequent convergence since the Pliocene, an arc-parallel fold-and-thrust-belt has been developed along the Miocene rift-basins. In this belt devastative earthquakes, such as 1964 Niigata (M7.5), 2004 Chuetsu (M6.8) and 2007 Chuetsu-oki (M6.8) earthquakes, occurred by reverse faulting. Due to thick Neogene sediments, relationship between active faults/folds at near the surface and deep-sited seismogenic source faults is poorly understood. To reveal the crustal architecture, in particular geometry of source faults, onshore-offshore integrated deep seismic profiling was undertaken since 2008 for five-years-project. The 2011 Muikamachi-Naoetsu seismic line cut through the south of the epicentral area of the 2007 Chuetsu-oki earthquake.The seismic sources were air-gun (3020 cu. inch), four vibroseis trucks and explosives (100 kg) and seismic signals were recorded by ocean bottom cables, cable-connected-recording system and offline recorders, forming a maximum 2040 channels receiver array. The velocity profile obtained by P-wave refraction tomography portrays the depth of the top of Mesozoic metasedimentary rocks (Vp > Mapping of seismogenic source fault beneath a fold-and-thrust belt is significant for the estimation of seismic hazard. To reveal seismogenic source faults, deep seismic reflection profiling was undertaken along the Muikamachi-Naoetsu seismic line (Sato et al., 2012: JPGU). The deep seismic profiling aims crustal scale image and for the imaging of shallow fine-scale structure its resolution is not enough. To obtain complete image of the active-seismogenic source fault system, we carried out the high-resolution seismic reflection profiling in the eastern margin of the Takada basin for 7-km-long seismic line. Seismic data were acquired using two vibrator trucks (IVI, EnviroVib). The sweep signals (8-80Hz; reflection profiling) were recorded with 4.5 & 10 Hz geophones deployed at 12.5 m intervals, off-line recorder (ERI LS8200SD, JGI MS2000). The sei


In this article the authors explore the characteristics and nature of entrepreneurship education for the creative disciplines and suggest links with the entrepreneurial traits of creative discipline graduates. Reporting on a combination of specialist literature, case studies of graduates and a 'snapshot' analysis of relevant job adverts for academic staff in these disciplines, the authors suggest that there is a great deal to be gained from a better understanding of how those characteristics work and how they can be applied to teaching enterprise in a business school setting. They argue that by their nature courses in the creative disciplines are providing 'implicit' as well as 'explicit' enterprise education and that the potential application of such implicit components is worthy of further investigation.


A review is done by Sergiu Musteata to the book: Aleksander Bursche, John Hines, and Anna Zapolska (eds), The Migration Period between the Oder and the Vistula, BRILL: Leiden/Boston, 2020, 1052 pages, volume 1-2.


Excerpt Diffuse interstitial fibrosis of the lungs, first described in 1944 by Hamman and Rich,1is a rare condition the diagnosis of which is established after death and only after careful microsco...


The article presents a brief history of the development of bulk-block construction in the USSR and modern Russia. The technology of capital volume-block construction based on a universal volume-block (modular) system with a load-bearing metal frame is described. The main technical solutions of buildings manufactured using this technology are given. Restrictions on the use of technology for building buildings using a volume-block (modular) system with a loadbearing metal frame are described. The identification of this system according to the existing traditional classifications of such house-building systems is performed, as well as the author's classification of existing volume-block house-building systems is given. The design features of the described system are investigated, and the problems of mass implementation of the system of volume-block (modular) housing construction in our country are presented. Possible ways of development are described, using this system for the implementation of state programs and for the development of industrial individual housing construction. The positive experience of building construction using this technology in Russia is analyzed. Examples of objects built in Russia for various functional purposes are given. Keywords: bulk-block modular construction, pre-erected capital buildings, modular construction development prospects.


As the global community is moving towards the usage of a cleaner technology, automotive industry has enforced the car to be produced to become environmentally friendly, or eco-friendly. Malaysia aims to produce 200,000 electric vehicles (EV) by the year 2020 but this effort might be halted due to the fact of electric vehicle's sales which is not really promising for the time being. This paper attempts to investigate the current preference of Malaysian to buy their car, and whether they really need to buy the eco-friendly car. An Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) model for Malaysian eco-friendly car selection is developed by this research which involves group judgment of 22 respondents. The result indicates that safety is the highest priority for the Malaysian to buy cars, followed by fuel economy, services, performance, affordable price, emission and design. Two of the criteria which are closely related with eco-friendly factor which are fuel economy is ranked at 2nd whereas emission is ranked at 6th. This concludes that Malaysian still consider eco-friendly factor, which also justify the selection of AHP model for the best eco-friendly car to be Nissan Leaf (2016), followed by Mercedez Benz C350e (2016), Hyundai Ionic HEV (2017), BMW i8 eDrive (2017) and Toyota Camry Hybrid.


The catches of large midwater trawls and commercial anchovy purse-seine hauls were analyzed for recurrent assemblages of pelagic organisms in Monterey Bay. In all, 7 1 samples, taken in the upper 50 fathoms using large (30-and 50-foot-mouth) midwater trawls aboard the R/V Alaska were examined. For the years 1968 to 1974, species composition data were obtained from California Department of Fish and Game records and the CalCOFI data report series. Original data were used in the 1975 and 1976 surveys. From similar depths and locations in 1975 and 1976,29 commercial anchovy hauls were subsampled as they were being unloaded in Moss Landing Harbor. Due to the differences in sampling methods, data for individual taxa are presented only as presence or absence, relative abundance, and frequency of occurrence. Ranks of relative abundance for the dominant taxa are presented for both methods. In addition, catches were subjected to recurrent group analysis, and both methods showed similar assemblages despite the obvious differences in purpose of sampling and the type of gear employed. Catches taken over deeper water (more than 35 fathoms, or 64 m) were compared with those from shallower water, and the differences are discussed. In general, catches were dominated by Loligo opalescens and Engraulis mordux, but other frequently occurring organisms were Sebastes spp., Merlucciusproductus, scyphomedusae (Pelagia and Chrysaora), Torpedo califomica, Citharichthys sordidus, Porichthys notatus, Genyonemus lineatus, Peprilus simillimus, and Clupea harengus pallasii.


Increasing attention has recently been drawn in the human-computer interaction community towards the design and development of accessible computer applications for children and youth with developmental or cognitive impairments. Due to better healthcare and assistive technology, the quality of life for children with intellectual disability (ID) has evidently been improved. Many children with ID often have cognitive disabilities, along with overweight problems due to lack of physical activity. This paper introduces an edutainment system specifically designed to help these children have an enhanced and enjoyable learning process, and addresses the need for integrating physical activity into their daily lives. These games are developed with the following pedagogical model in mind: A combination of Mayer's Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning with a mild implementation of Skinner's Operant Condition, incorporated with physical activity as part of the learning process. The system proposed consists of a padded floor mat that consists of sixteen square tiles supported by sensors, which are used to interact with a number of software games specifically designed to suit the mental needs of children with ID. The games consist of multimedia technology with a tangible user interface. The edutainment system consists of three games, each with three difficulty levels meant to suit specific needs of different children. The system aims at enhancing the learning, coordination and memorization skills of the children with ID while involving them into physical activities, thus offering both mental and physical benefits. The edutainment system was tested on 100 children with different IDs, half of which have Down syndrome (DS. The children pertain to three disability levels; mildly, moderately and severely disabled. The obtained results depict a high increase in the learning process as the children became more proactive in the classrooms. Assessment methodology took into account the following constraints; disability type, disability level, gender, scoring, timing, motivation, coordination, acceptance levels and relative performance. The following groups, when compared with other groups, achieved best results in terms of scores and coordination: children with DS, mildly disabled children and females. In contrast to children with other IDs, moderately and severely disabled children, and males performed with lower scores and coordination levels, but all the above mentioned groups exhibited high motivation levels. Rejection rate was found to be very low, at 3% of children refusing to participate. When children repeated the games, 92% were noted to achieve significantly higher results. The edutainment is developed with the following aims: helping children with ID have an enhanced cognitive experience, allowing them a learning environment where they can interact with the game and exert physical activities, ensuring a proactive role for all in the classroom, boosting motivation, coordination and memory levels. Results proved that the system had very positive effects on the children, in terms of cognition and motivational levels. Instructors also expressed willingness to incorporate the edutainment system into the classroom on a daily basis, as a complementary tool to conventional learning.


Recent statistical studies on telecommunication networks outline that peer-to-peer (P2P) file-sharing is keeping increasing and it now contributes about 50–80% of the overall Internet traffic [1]. Moreover, more and more network applications such as streaming media, internet telephony, and instant messaging are taking a form of P2P telecommunication. The bandwidth intensive nature of P2P applications suggests that P2P traffic can have significant impact on the underlying network. Therefore, analyzing and characterizing this kind of traffic is an essential step to develop workload models towards efficient amelioration in network traffic engineering and capacity planning. In this paper, we first introduce an adaptive system for handy P2P trace capturing and analysis. By using virtualization technology, the system can efficiently organize limited resources to build a reliable and tractable network that supports adjustable experimental study and practical performance tuning. Then the proposed system is applied to traffic characterization of File Sharing P2P (FSP2P) applications. To avoid excessive computing cost of payload information inspection, we proposed a more light-weighted analytical scheme which makes use of meta features extracted from packet headers. With carefully selected system parameters, we show that satisfactory prediction accuracy on differentiating FSP2P applications from ordinary network applications could be achieved with acceptable computing costs. The proposed scheme supports performance tuning between monitoring cost and the system response time, which enables its adaption to network environments with different specifications.


A Japanese woman who was orphaned at an early age reflects on taking care of her foster family's children, plantation field work, schooling, nurse's aide work, marriage and children, drycleaning business, and organizing senior citizen and activities.


The purpose of this study was to compare the muscle activation patterns for the Biceps Femoris, Gastrocnemius, Triceps Brachii, Biceps Brachii, Upper Trapezius, Lower Trapezius, shoulder rotation, elbow angular velocity, elbow flexion-extension & pelvis rotation between the curveball and fastball. Participants were current elite baseball pitchers. After the placement of electrodes, Maximal Voluntary Isometric Contractions (MVIC) were completed. Significant differences in elbow flexion-extension, shoulder rotation, and pelvis rotation for the stretch curveball when compared to the stretch fastball were found.The increase in muscle activity and the greater than MVIC values indicate that lower extremity muscles are beneficial in incorporating into the pitching literature and play a role in the dynamic muscle strength needed to complete a pitch from a specific delivery.


The microstructure and mechanical properties of Fe–Cr–Ni–Mo–Ti stainless maraging steel laser weldments have been investigated after post-weld ageing treatments in a temperature range from 420 °C to 580 °C. Metallographic characterization of laser weldment revealed three zones, i.e. fusion zone, heat-affected zone and unaffected parent material zone. Martensite was the predominant phase in the three zones when the ageing temperature was lower than 500 °C whereas a large amount of reverted austenite occurred in three zones on ageing above 500 °C, leading to hardness decrease accordingly. Hardness distribution across the welds demonstrated that after all ageing treatments, the hardness in heat-affected zone was greatly increased to above 420 HV from 320 HV in as-weld condition, and hardness in three regions varied with different trends with increasing ageing temperature. The different ageing behavior in fusion zone and parent material zone has been discussed by comparison of dissolution of Ti(C, N)x inclusion within them during welding thermal cycle. The tensile properties were found satisfactory in weld subjected to ageing at 460 °C; the yield strength was increased by 14.5% as compared with as-received aged parent material. A graph was established for determination of fracture location and post-weld ageing efficiency using measured hardness values in both heat-affected zone and parent material zone.


An arrangement comprising a fiber (201) having a first end (205) and a second end. The assembly (100) but comprises a fixing (250) which fixes the fiber (201) at a fixing point (206). An actuator is adapted to move the first end (205) of the fiber (201) relative to the fixing point (206). In some examples, a LIDAR system is arranged based on the light (191, 192) to perform a scanned distance measurement objects in the surroundings of the arrangement.


When Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz arrived in America in 1797 he was 39 years old. Eight or nine years earlier, he had been elected to the Reform Diet. There he had worked tirelessly; he is known for his speeches urging many reforms during the long debates which led to the famous Constitution of the Third of May (1791). He wrote pamphlets, lampoons and political fables. His most famous work of this period was the remarkable comedy, Powrot Posla [The Deputy's Return] (1790). The eight manuscript diaries of Niemcewicz's Podrdze po Ameryce [Travels through America], written during the periods 1797-1799 and 1805, were published in 1964 in the English language edition entitled Under Their Vine and Fig Tree . . . } They provide a rich, varied and illuminating portrait of America its people, institutions, architecture, manners and morals as well as the birds in the trees. One figure stands out center foreground in bold relief: that of George Washington. Niemcewicz would spend thirteen days as the guest of George and Martha Washington at Mount Vernon. Nine months after his arrival in America he writes of his first meeting with Washington:


The purpose of the research is to analyze fish production that the fishermen got from kahayan river, during 10 years  (1998-2007), also to inventory kinds of fish that could be catch during 10 year, and the fishermen's income from it.  The research is concluded that fish production is always on decrease : in 1998 the sum of production is 5.272 kg / soak  and in 2007 it was 1.840 kg/ soak.  During 10 years fish production happened on decrease which was 3.432 kg / soak or 9.52 % from the sum of production completely which was 36.021 kg/soak.  There were 29 kinds of fish that consists of 23 genus , 17 species and 6 ordo some of kinds of rare fish that were Botia/ Tangkari ( Chormobotia maerants ), Tembubuk ( Nandus nebulusus ) and Arwana / Tangkalasa ( Sekleropagus  fomosus ).  The fishermen's income during 5 years ago in year 2003 until 2007 was about between Rp. 15.000.000; -   Rp 19.000.000; .  The decrease of production is followed by fishermen's income.


Objective To investigate the influence of the early attachment of periodcntal ligament cells(PDLCs)on fibronectin-attached titanium after the tresyl chloride treatment. Methods Cell adhesion was analyzed by MTT at 30min, 60min and 120min respectively, and cell distribution was observed by fluorescence microscope. Results The group of binding fibronectin enhances the early cell adhesion, and it was even for cell distribution on this group and showed different adhension phase. Conclusion These results suggest binding fibronectin to tresyl chloride-activated titanium enhance cells adhesion at the early stage.


Dear Editor, What does the evolutionary origin of a plant protein tell about its subcellular localization? Naively thinking, one would assume that plant proteins that were originally encoded in the endosymbiont genome are targeted to the chloroplast. However, published data seem to support only a loose link between evolutionary origin and subcellular localization. About half of the Arabidopsis proteins with a detectable cyanobacterial ortholog are targeted to subcellular compartments other than the chloroplast (Martin et al., 2002). Here we show that the naive view is valid when considering the full phylogenetic profile of plant genes with cyanobacterial orthologs. Genes that are present also in non-photosynthesizing lineages presumably trace back to a primordial eukaryote. They have been inherited largely vertically and show no evidence for a preferential chloroplast targeting. In contrast, genes that are among eukaryotes confined to lineages that have undergone primary or secondary endosymbiosis are likely to be of true cyanobacterial origin. They are indeed mostly targeted to chloroplasts in plants. Unraveling the composition of the chloroplast proteome is crucial for understanding the function and integration of this organelle into the metabolic network of photosynthesizing organisms. Besides photosynthesis, chloroplasts play essential roles in the biosynthesis of amino acids and vitamins, lipids and isoprenoids, the storage of fixed carbon, and other processes. Thus, there is a strong need to tightly coordinate chloroplast activities with the overall metabolism of the cell, and accordingly different retrograde chloroplast-to-nucleus signaling pathways have evolved (Jarvis and Lopez-Juez, 2013). During evolution—after the initial uptake of a cyanobacterium by a heterotrophic host—the cyanobacterium evolved into the contemporary plastid and most of the originally cyanobacterial genes were transferred into the nuclear genome of the host (Martin et al., 2002). Current estimates suggest that 4300–4500 Arabidopsis proteins were acquired from the ancestral plastid. This genetic reorganization created the necessity to establish an effective 'back-transport' of the encoded proteins to their original location using an N-terminal signal sequence called cTP (chloroplast transit peptide) (Jarvis and Lopez-Juez, 2013). Technological advances in high-throughput genome sequencing and proteomics have boosted the analysis of the chloroplast proteome. To date, the curated reference plastid proteomes for maize and Arabidopsis (http://ppdb. tc.cornell.edu) comprise 1564 and 1559 proteins, respectively. These numbers are contrasted by those obtained from bioinformatics analysis of the sequenced genomes. About twice as many proteins in these species carry a cTP. This already suggests that a considerable number of chloroplast proteins still remain to be discovered. Unfortunately, the presence of a cTP provides only ambiguous evidence to infer chloroplast localization. For example, of 1325 experimentally identified chloroplast proteins in Arabidopsis, 14% lack an identifiable cTP at their N-terminus (Zybailov et al., 2008). Extrapolations from systematic studies revealed that the fraction of chloroplast proteins that lack a cTP could be about 11% of the total chloroplast proteome (Armbruster et al., 2009). In turn, targeting prediction algorithms, such as TargetP (www.cbs.dtu/dk/services/ TargetP), do not consider N-terminal protein acylation, which can overwrite chloroplast targeting signals resulting in deviating subcellular localizations (Stael et al., 2011). Thus, alternative approaches need to be sought to complement existing information in the prediction of chloroplast targeting. Directed experimental approaches focusing on signaling components had only limited success (Bayer et al., 2011, 2012), possibly due to the low abundance of such proteins in the chloroplast. Considering the evolutionary origin of plant proteins has also been proposed to help predicting their subcellular localization. An orthogenomics approach using 17 species identified 56 Arabidopsis proteins of endosymbiotic origin of which 54 were targeted to chloroplasts (Ishikawa et al., 2009). However, the small number of analyzed proteins makes this finding hard to generalize. Moreover, it


PURPOSE: To automatically analysize a nucleic acid sequence with minimum operations and minimum error by detecting a nucleic acid using a probe having a solid-supporting and connecting element and separating the nucleic acid by its size. CONSTITUTION: A nucleic acid is detected with a probe having a solid-supporting and connecting element and is separated by its size. The nucleic acid specimen is labeled and the labeled chain is preferably provided as a single-stranded chain and hybridized with the probe. The hybridized product is separated into a liquid phase storing double-stranded chain and excess probe with the solid element and usable for the further assay and a solid phase to detect and separate a double-stranded specimen e.g. by electrophoresis and usable for the determination of the size. COPYRIGHT: (C)1989,JPO


The paper considers the use of positron emission tomography with 18F-2-deoxyglucose to assess response of tumors of several sites. A total of 112 patients with breast, pancreas cancers and brain malignancies were examined. Diagnosis was verified histologically in all cases. Investigations were performed using ECAT EXACT 47 and ECAT EXACT HR+ positron emission tomographs. Coefficient of tumor/intact tissue radioactivity differential uptake was used to assess the response. PET findings were compared with results of histological study of intraoperative specimens. PET was demonstrated to be a highly informative in early assessment of response in all primary tumor sites studied.


The RNA stored in the mature sea urchin oocyte includes sequences transcribed from about 6% of the single copy DNA or approximately 3.7 x 10(7) nucleotide pairs. It is estimated that there are about 1500 transcripts of each sequence per oocyte. A (3)H-labeled single copy DNA fraction highly enriched for sequences complementary to mature oocyte RNA was prepared. This DNA, referred to as oDNA, was reacted with excess polysomal mRNA from sea urchin embryos at 16-cell, blastula, and gastrula stages. Sixteen-cell embryo mRNA reacted with oDNA to a level which is 73% of that observed for the reaction of oDNA with oocyte RNA. This represents about 2.7 x 10(7) nucleotides of maternal sequence, or 12-15,000 different mRNAs of average size. Blastula and gastrula stage mRNA reacted with oDNA to about 56% and 53%, respectively, representing 2.1 x 10(7) and 1.9 x 10(7) nucleotides of oocyte RNA sequence. From the kinetics of hybridization, we calculate that the concentration of mRNAs belonging to the maternal sequence set is about 500 copies per embryo. This is typical of the "complex class" of embryo mRNA which contains the vast majority of diverse messenger RNA sequences but comprises only a small fraction (about 10%) of the total mRNA mass.

Total cytoplasmic RNA was extracted from 16-cell, blastula, prism and pluteus stages and reacted in excess with (3)H-oDNA. The amount of hybridization of oDNA with 16-cell cytoplasmic RNA was 100% of the value obtained when oDNA was reacted with oocyte RNA. Hybridization levels observed with cytoplasmic RNAs from later stages were progressively less, but were higher than the corresponding mRNA hybridization levels through the blastula stage.

To detect and quantitate embryo messenger RNA sequences which are not homologous with maternal RNAs, a labeled single copy DNA fraction entirely devoid of oocyte RNA complementary sequences was prepared. This selected DNA, termed null oDNA, was reacted with excess polysomal mRNA from 16-cell, blastula and gastrula embryos. Non-maternal sequences could not be detected in the mRNAs from 16-cell and gastrula stage embryos. Mesenchyme blastula mRNA, however, hybridized about 3.6 x 10(6) nucleotides of null-oDNA sequence which is sufficient to code for approximately 2,000 mRNAs of average size. These nonmaternal mRNAs are complex class sequences present on blastula polysomes at about the same concentration (500 copies per embryo) as are most maternal sequence mRNAs. Thus, a significant number of new, non-maternal structural genes are expressed in blastula stage embryos.

Because the sea urchin displays large differences between embryo and adult tissue messenger RNA sequence sets, it is possible to test the proposition that structural gene sequences are transcribed only in cells where the transcripts are translated. A (3)H-labeled single copy DNA highly enriched for sequences complementary to blastula polysomal messenger RNA was prepared. This selected DNA fraction, referred to as mDNA, represents about 2.6 x 10(7) nucleotides of embryo messenger RNA sequence. A maximum of 16% of the blastula sequences are present in coelomocyte and intestine messenger RNAs while 40% of the blastula sequences are represented in gastrula mRNA. (3)H-mDNA was hybridized with excess nuclear RNA from coelomocytes, intestine, and gastrula embryos. Within our limits of detection, all mDNA sequences were hybridized by each of the nuclear RNAs. We conclude from this result that virtually all of the blastula mRNA sequences are transcribed in three heterologous tissues in which the transcripts are not utilized as messenger RNAs. The kinetics of hybridization show that the blastula structural gene sequences are present in each nuclear RNA at about the same concentration as are the majority of the complex single copy nuclear transcripts.


Landmines represent a clear threat to the civilian population in war-ravaged countries, and hamper peacekeeping and reconstruction efforts. The seriousness of this issue demands immediate automation of the mine detection and removal tasks, but until now only partial mechanization has been available. This paper proposes a versatile and feasible automated system based on mobile platforms to improve humanitarian demining, taking into account field requirements. Details of the development of the mobile platforms are presented, as well as experimental results. Special tools and components, also briefly described, are under development in order to maximize the range of applications of this system.


A method for the determination of a control reserve of one or plural wind energy plants, for the operation of which a desired value for at least one electric variable is preset, and for which a control unit is provided which has a power curve, which contains a maximum value of the electric variable depending on values of the wind, the method having the following steps: the control unit determines a maximum value of the electric variable from the actual value of the wind and subtracts a current value of the electric variable from the same, the control unit transmits the determined maximum value and/or the difference as a control reserve to a higher order control unit and/or an external utility.


ABSTRACT. The prevalence of bedbugs (Cimex hemipterus L.), chicken ticks (Argas persicus Oken) and headlice (Pediculus capitis De Geer) was surveyed in a rural area of The Gambia. At the beginning of the study 37.5% of children's beds were infested with bedbugs and 3.9% with chicken ticks, whilst the prevalence rate of pediculosis in children under 10 years old was 28.8%. Both bedbugs and headlice were clustered within compounds. Headlice prevalence increased with hair length and they were more common on girls than boys.


The acoustic signals received from explosive charges, fired at 1200‐m depth and range of about 370 km from a hydrophone at 1200 m along three bearings only 10 ° apart, showed measurable differences for each bearing, although the thermocline sound‐speed conditions were only slightly different. Since large‐scale (300–500 km) internal baroclinic waves that propagate slowly westward in the ocean (period 50–200 days) perturb the thermocline to a much greater extent, a proposal to monitor with acoustic signals the period of thermocline oscillations caused by these waves is feasible.Subject Classification: 30.20.


Aiming at the problems of the face image super-resolution reconstruction method based on convolutional neural network, such as single feature extraction scale, low utilization rate of features and blurred face images texture, a model combining convolutional neural network with self-attention mechanism is proposed. Firstly, the shallow features of the image are extracted by the cascaded $3 \times 3$ convolutional kernels, and then self-attention mechanism is combined with the residual blocks in depth residual network to extract the deep detail features of faces. Finally, the extracted features are fused globally by skip connections, which provide more high-frequency details for face reconstruction. Experiments on Helen, CelebA face datasets and real-world images showed that the proposed method could make full use of facial feature information, and its peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) and structural similarity (SSIM) were both higher than the comparison methods with better subjective visual effects.


A lipid particle can include a cationic lipid. The cationic lipid can include one or more hydrophobic tails, which can include one or more sites of unsaturation. The sites of unsaturation can include cycloalkyl groups, e.g., cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl groups. The lipid particle is Suit able for delivering an active agent. Dec. 5, 2013 Sheet 1 of 2 US 2013/0323269 A1 Patent Application Publication


An analytical model about size-dependent interface energy of metal/ceramic interfaces in nanoscale is developed by introducing both the chemical energy and the structure stain energy contributions. The dependence of interface energy on the interface thickness is determined by the melting enthalpy, the molar volume, and the shear modulus of two materials composing the interfaces, etc. The analytic prediction of the interface energy and the atomic scale simulation of the interface fracture strength are compared with each other for Ag/MgO and Ni/Al2O3 interfaces, the fracture strength of the interface with the lower chemical interface energy is found to be larger. The potential of Ag/MgO interface related to the interface energy is calculated, and the interface stress and the interface fracture strength are estimated further. The effect of the interface energy on the interface strength and the behind mechanism are discussed.


Waterborne polyurethane emulsion was modified with polyacrylate(PA) by the ways of mechanical blending,and the modifying effects were studied.The results show that the particle size of mechanical blending emulsion are changed and water resistance,solvent resistance,thermal and mechanical properties of the emulsion cast film are apparently improved,compared with polyacrylate and unmodified waterborne polyurethane emulsion.


margin, etc, Real cause however has not yet been established. With a view to clarifying the cause of pulp damage induced by composite resin filling, maxillary 1 st molars of Wistar SPF rats were used for histological examination in this study. This experiment is divided into five groups and performed under the condition of maximum prevention of bacteria and marginal leakage:(1) EZ group:mesial surface of the tooth was filled with zinc oxide eugenol cement and sacrificed after two weeks, (2) CR group : mesial surface of the tooth was filled with composite resin and sacrificed after two


Abstract Purpose To compare radiotherapy plans between an O‐ring and a conventional C‐arm linac for hypofractionated high‐dose prostate radiotherapy in terms of plan quality, dose distribution, and quality assurance in a multi‐vendor environment. Methods Twenty prostate cancer treatment plans were irradiated on the O‐ring Varian Halcyon linac and were re‐optimized for the C‐arm Elekta Synergy Agility linac. Dose‐volume histogram metrics for target coverage and organ at risk dose, quality assurance, and monitor units were retrospectively compared. Patient‐specific quality assurance with ion chamber measurements, gamma index analysis, and portal dosimetry was performed using the Varian Portal Dosimetry system and the ArcCHECK® phantom (Sun Nuclear Corporation). Prostate‐only radiotherapy was delivered with simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) in 20 fractions of 2.5/3.0 Gy each. Results For both linacs, target coverage was excellent and plan quality comparable. Homogeneity in PTVBoost was high for Synergy as well as Halcyon with a mean homogeneity index of 0.07 ± 0.01 and 0.05 ± 0.01, respectively. Mean dose for the organs at risk rectum and bladder differed not significantly between the linacs but were higher for the femoral heads and penile bulb for Halcyon. Quality assurance showed no significant differences in terms of ArcCHECK gamma pass rates. Median pass rate for 3%/2 mm was 99.3% (96.7 to 99.8%) for Synergy and 99.8% (95.6 to 100%) for Halcyon. Agreement between calculated and measured dose was high with a median deviation of −0.6% (−1.7 to 0.8%) for Synergy and 0.2% (−0.6 to 2.3%) for Halcyon. Monitor units were higher for the Halcyon by approximately 20% (p < 0.001). Conclusion Hypofractionated high‐dose prostate cancer SIB VMAT on the Halcyon system is feasible with comparable plan quality in reference to a standard C‐arm Elekta Synergy linac.


This study set out to identify the presence of comorbid conditions and its demographic correlates in elderly patients who were 60 years and above. The target population was new patients presenting for the first time in the Psychogeriatric unit of the teaching hospital. This was a cross sectional descriptive study, using the non-probability method of sampling. Information on demographics, main diagnosis, comorbidity, informant and sources of referral was accessed from the hospital records of the patient. The diagnosis included dementias (39.2%), late onset schizophrenia (37.3%) and depression (7.8%). Cardiovascular diseases ranked the highest (23.5%), diabetes (7.8%) and psychiatric comorbidities (5.9%). Most were male (56%), married with some level of education, only (33%) had no formal education. Moreover, education was significantly related to the occurrence of comorbidities (P=0.022) as well as duration before presentation (p=0.043). Physical comorbidities such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes are common among elderly psychiatric patients. Level of education and duration of the illness before presentation at the hospital significantly affects comorbidity in the study sample.


The invention relates to a ceramic mass with a phase-heterogeneous ceramic, comprising m by weight of a phase made BaNd¶2¶Ti¶4¶O¶12¶ negative temperature coefficient of the dielectric constant and 100 - m per cent by weight of a phase made Nd¶2¶Ti¶2¶O ¶7¶ positive temperature coefficient of the dielectric constant, where: contains 50 <m <70, and with an addition of glass frit, the ZnO, and B¶2¶O¶3¶ SiO¶2¶ and the weight of 3 to 10 weight percent is the ceramic. Further, the invention relates to a multilayer capacitor having the ceramic mass. The ceramic composition of the invention has the advantage that it can be manufactured already at a calcination temperature of at most 1180 ° C and that is possible by a suitable choice of the parameter m to minimize the temperature coefficient of the dielectric constant. Furthermore, the ceramic composition of the invention can be sintered together with copper electrodes.


PurposeThis study aims to determine the effect of cognitive biases, that is, anchoring effect, illusion of control, and endowment effect, on customer satisfaction.Design/methodology/approachAn experimental design was applied using 524 undergraduate students as participants. A three-way ANOVA was employed for data analysis.FindingsPositive relationships were found between cognitive biases and customer satisfaction. However, no such relationships were found between the interactions of various types of cognitive bias and customer satisfaction, except the interaction between illusion of control and endowment effect.Research limitations/implicationsThis study focuses only on three types of cognitive biases; thus, it cannot be generalized to other such systematic patterns.Practical implicationsMarketers can introduce cognitive bias when implementing marketing campaigns to boost customer satisfaction.Originality/valueThis study expands the knowledge boundary by addressing the impact of the interaction between various aspects of cognitive bias that drive customer satisfaction.


The work of Frank Dalby Davison in his new work 'The White Thorntree' is analysed and discussed. It is his first complete book in twenty years, and is focused primarily on the subject of sex.


This paper proposes the Low-Dropout regulator including the "load current sensing circuit". The load current sensing circuit senses the change of the load current and then reduces the ripple of the output voltage. The load transient response characteristic of the Low-Dropout regulator is improved by this method. And this paper uses a body driven technique to enhance the current driving capability for pass transistor. The proposed circuit is simulated by HSPICE with a 0.18μm BCD process parameter. In addition, this paper enhances the reliability of IC by equipping the P-substrate triggered SCR type ESD protection device.


With people's ever-increasing concern over the quality of higher education,greater importance has been attached by scholars to the college PE teachers' qualities.A review is made about the 76 relevant articles dealing with problems like the existing probems of teacher qualities,quality structure,qualities evaluation and quality development for the purpose of working out the priorities for future researches.


By The Associated Press Japanese censors and communications officials Thursday established themselves in the offices of three foreign cable companies in Shanghai's international settlement. Earlier Japanese censors had been stationed in the international radio office. a new international organization which took over the functions previously exercised by the Chinese government radio administration. The actions followed notice servCapt. Alva D. Bernhard. chief of ed early last month by the Japanstalf for the aircraft scouting ese consul-general in the city that lorce, gave out word that the craft Japanese authorities would take was missing. over all Chinese communication Secrecy Shrouds Hunt functions. including censorship. Secrecy enveloped details of the Chinese long had maintained plane's disappearance as well as censors in communications offices. phllses 6f the hunt. Captain BernThe censorship, however. was only hard refused to say where the a technical olle as there apparently plane was bound. or where it was were no deletions made in meswhen it last communicated with sages. other craft. Chinese censors left their posts, Bernhard likewise declined to when the Japanese were closing name the seven aboard, but the in on Shanghai in their undec1arnavy department in Washington ed war with China. said the craft was piloted by Lieut. Workers Hold Agua Caliente Hotel in Protest Letter Sent To F.D.R. Names Group Leader


We perform first-principles band structure calculations for the tetragonal and monoclinic structures of LaO$_{0.5}$F$_{0.5}$BiS$_2$. We find that the Bi $6p_{x,y}$ bands on two BiS$_2$ layers exhibit a sizable splitting at the X = ($\pi$, 0, 0) and several other \textbf{k}-points for the monoclinic structure. We show that this feature originates from the inter-BiS$_2$ layer coupling strongly enhanced by the symmetry breaking of the crystal structure. The Fermi surface also shows a large splitting and becomes anisotropic with respect to the $k_x$ and $k_y$ directions in the monoclinic structure, whereas it remains almost flat with respect to the $k_z$ direction.


Seven cases of posterior interosseous-nerve palsy, three associated with ulnar-nerve palsy as a complication of Monteggia lesions have been presented. The posterior interosseous nerve may be stretched by the dislocated radial head, or compressed within the Arcade of Frohse. Ulnar-nerve injuries are secondary to compression within the cubital tunnel. Surgical decompression of the nerves appears to be the treatment of choice.


A study was designed and completed whose chief purpose was to determine a model set of cognitive-behavioral objectives for field-based teacher-education programs. This model could be helpful to practitioners who wish to provide field experiences as an integral component of teacher-education programs or for specialized studies with teachers. Those who must evaluate Earth science teacher-education programs would find this model helpful.


The use of CO2 to produce value‐added energy chemicals is a promising means for renewable CO2 transformation in low‐carbon energy system, and CO2 methanation has attracted ever‐increasing interest. Herein, we report that the Ni/MCM‐41 catalyst with prominent cooperative effect of Ni and NiO is efficient for CH4 generation with CO2 conversion of 73.2 % and CH4 selectivity of 91.6 % at 400 °C and high gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) of 90000 mL gcat−1 h−1. Combined methodologies of in situ X‐ray diffraction, diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy, and ambient‐pressure X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy reflect the structural evolvements of Ni/MCM‐41 catalyst, the presence of carbonyl intermediates, the co‐existence of metallic and oxidized Ni species with sufficient molar ratio of Ni0/Ni2+ under working conditions. H2 and CO2 molecules are preferentially adsorbed and chemically activated over Ni0 and Ni2+ species, respectively. The possible four‐step reaction mechanism involved carbonyl pathway and the cleavage of C=O bond from CO2 as the rate‐determining step over the engineered Ni/MCM‐41 catalyst was demonstrated.