Objective To establish D-dimer normal reference range in pregnant and postpartum women in Zhejiang Han population.Methods Plasma samples were collected from 669 healthy pregnant women, 578 healthy postpartum women, 8 venous thrombosis or DIC patients and 80 healthy non-pregnant women in Women′s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University from March 2009 to August 2010.According to different gestational week, postpartum days and delivery pattern, the healthy pregnant and postpartum women were stratified into 3 groups: (1) ≤13 weeks (n=120), 14-20 weeks (n=120), 21-27 weeks (n=145), 28-34 weeks (n=147), ≥35 weeks (n=137);(2) The first day after vaginal delivery (n=163), the second day after vaginal delivery (n=121);(3) The first day after cesarean sections (n=166), the second day after cesarean sections (n=128). These groups were further stratified based on age: <30 years old and ≥30 years old.All blood samples were drawn in citrate sodium anticoagulated blood.D-dimer concentration was determined by STA-R Evolution coagulation analyzer.Since D-dimer concentration showed non-normal distribution, the normal values (one-tailed) were established by using (P95) percentile method.The results of 8 patients were used to validate the established normal values.Results In the group of <30 years old, the D-dimer values[M(P25-P75)]in group of ≤13 weeks, 14-20 weeks, 21-27 weeks, 28-34 weeks, ≥35 weeks and healthy non-pregnant women were 0.25(0.17-0.37), 0.51(0.38-0.75), 0.75(0.57-1.10), 1.14(0.80-1.48), 1.60(1.14-1.89) and 0.20(0.10-0.28) mg/L, respectively, which showed statistical difference(H=239.24, P<0.05).In the group of ≥30 years old, the D-dimer values of the above different groups were 0.28(0.14-0.38), 0.50(0.36-0.65), 0.83(0.59-1.41), 0.93(0.68-1.37), 1.47(1.22-1.84) and 0.17(0.12-0.25) mg/L, respectively, which also showed statistical difference(H=127.75, P<0.05).In the group of <30 years old, the D-dimer values were 2.45(1.51-3.77), 1.30(0.97-1.96), 2.68(1.52-3.74) and 1.55(1.10-2.10) on the first and second day after vaginal delivery and cesarean section, respectively, which showed statistical difference (H=64.85,P<0.05).In the group of ≥30 years old, the corresponding values were 2.20(1.33-3.54), 1.33(1.02-2.14), 2.27(1.66-3.17) and 1.62(1.26-2.69), respectively, which also showed statistical difference(H=18.64, P<0.05).D-dimer normal values were established based on different gestational week, postpartum days and delivery pattern.The normal values of ≤13 weeks, 14-20 weeks, 21-27 weeks, 28-34 weeks and ≥35 weeks were ≤0.64 mg/L, ≤1.54 mg/L, ≤2.60 mg/L, ≤3.01 mg/L and ≤3.19 mg/L, respectively. The normal values of 1st day after vaginal delivery, 2nd day after vaginal delivery,1st day after cesarean sections and 2nd day after cesarean sections were ≤7.83 mg/L, ≤3.29 mg/L, ≤9.95 mg/L and ≤3.80 mg/L.All 8 patients showed positive results with the above normal values.Conclusion D-dimer normal values in pregnant and postpartum women in Zhejiang Han population are established, which can improve the application values of D-dimer in the pregnant and postpartum population.

Key words:
Pregnant women; Postpartum period; D-dimer; Reference values; Venous thrombosis; Disseminated intravascular coagulation


The promise of artificial intelligence Deep learning (DL) and ML techniques offer the potential for unparalleled access to accelerated insights. With the capability to learn from data and make more informed, faster decisions, your organization is better positioned to deliver innovative products and services in an increasingly competitive marketplace. Whether you need to make discoveries, analyze patterns, detect fraud, improve customer relationships, optimize supply chains, or automate processes, DL and ML techniques can help you use digital information for business advantage.


The invention discloses a terminal interaction method and a terminal. The identification information of the current operation interface of the terminal can be acquired after the feedback of the operation instruction request information by a user is detected on the current operation interface of the terminal; then the corresponding operation instruction record is searched according to the acquired identification information, and the operation instruction in the operation instruction record corresponding to the current operation interface of the terminal is presented to the user on the current operation interface of the terminal. The operation instruction can be displayed on the current operation interface of the user, the frequent switching between the current operation interface and a help interface can be avoided, so that convenience in use can be realized, the difficulty for solving an operating barrier when the user encounters the operating barrier can be maximally alleviated, the usability of the terminal is greatly improved, and the experience of the user can be further improved.


Background: 41.9% of adult US population is obese and every 5-unit BMI increase is associated with 12 percent increase in breast cancer risk; it is an independent predictor of poor outcomes in breast cancer. Microbiome has emerged as a central regulator of obesity and we recently discovered that microbes can not only potentiate breast cancer growth and metastasis but also affect therapeutic response. We showed weight-loss by Diet/Exercise/Behavioral intervention (POWER-remote trial) exerts favorable effects. Here, we examine molecular underpinnings of poor therapy response in obese state and explore the gut microbiome to mitigate the same.
 Methods: We co-implanted lineage determined human White preAdipocytes (hWAT) with MCF7 breast cancer cells in the mammary glands of mice. Changes in tumor microenvironment and tumor cells were evaluated ex situ by RNA sequencing, flow cytometry, Raman spectroscopy, Quantitative phase microscopy, PCR, immunoblotting and functional assays. To inspect the gut microbiome, 16 obese breast cancer patients were subjected to weight loss intervention over 14 weeks. Gut microbiome was analyzed at baseline and post-intervention by microbial shotgun sequencing. Patients were divided into responders and non-responders based on % weight-loss.
 Results: We found that human breast cancer cells co-implanted with hWAT formed more aggressive tumors compared to controls. RNA sequencing revealed significant upregulation of multiple oncogenic pathways along with robust innate immune response. Tumor dissociated cells from hWAT-MCF7 tumors showed extensive molecular reprogramming rendering them more proliferative, motile and stem-like along with dramatic physiological changes like increased intercellular lipid accumulation. hWAT-MCF7 cells attained resistance to multiple drugs including Tamoxifen, Fulvestrant, Letrozole and Palbociclib. Simultaneous targeting of multiple signaling pathways using pharmacological inhibitors is infeasible in clinical setting hence we explored the obesity-microbiome axis. Obese breast cancer patients underwent POWER-remote intervention and their gut microbiome analysis showed significant differential expression of many microbes. Based on abundance and metabolite profile, F. prausnitzii was selected as the candidate of interest. On treatment with F. prausnitzii growth media, acquired multi-drug resistance in hWAT-MCF7 cells could be reversed suggesting that increase in gut population of the bacterium could be helpful in sensitizing patients unresponsive to therapy.
 Conclusion: Direct interaction between breast cancer cells and WAT rendered them resistant to multiple drugs. Metabolites produced by weight-loss-associated bacterium F. prausnitzii reversed adiposity-induced multi-drug resistance, hence, can potentially have therapeutic benefits in obese breast cancer patients.
 Citation Format: Sheetal Parida, Sumit Siddharth, Nethaji Muniraj, Zhenhui Liu, Ishan Barman, Michael Smith, Jenni Sheng, Vered Stearns, Janelle W. Coughlin, Dipali Sharma. Weight loss intervention triggered gut microbiota modulation can positively impact obesity associated endocrine therapy resistance [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 5916.


With the constant increase in China's outward direct investment(OFDI),its effect on export trade has become more and more evident.Based on a review of related literature,this paper employs two-stage GMM to test the effects of OFDI on export technology progress and export scale by using the provincial panel data from 2004 to 2010 in China.It further examines the mediating effect of export technology progress caused by OFDI on export scale.The results show that the increase in OFDI scale in China is significantly correlated with export technology progress of manufactures and OFDI has been an important accelerator in regard to export technology progress of manufactures.But OFDI has not played an obvious role in the increase in export scale;during the sample period,OFDI inhibits the increase in extensive export scale through its effect on export technology progress.


The invention embodiment discloses a start-up and upgrade method of terminal equipment and the terminal equipment, and relates to the field of electronic terminal equipment. The start-up and upgrade method of the terminal equipment and the terminal equipment are used for improving success rate of start-up of the terminal equipment. Two sets of system bootstrap programs are stored in the terminal equipment; when one set of the system bootstrap programs is damaged, the other set of the system bootstrap programs can be used for the start-up of the terminal equipment; when program upgrade is carried out, if upgrade of one set of the system bootstrap programs fails, the upgrade of the other set of the system bootstrap programs is not carried out any more, and therefore the start-up and upgrade method of the terminal equipment and the terminal equipment can ensure that at least a set of complete system bootstrap program is stored in the terminal equipment all the time, and then improves the success rate of the start-up of the terminal equipment.


In the History of Japan and Fragmentary Poems by Huang Zhunxian,there are thorough and detailed introductions about the Meiji Reform of Japan,which not only provided a sample for the reform and modernization in modern China,but also became the theoretical and thinking foundation for the Reform Movement of 1898 in China.In the meanwhile when he understood Japan,Mr.Huang also changed himself.It was the tremendous changes brought about by the Meiji Reform of Japan that enhanced such a fundamental shift.He not only had a profound friendship with peace loving Japanese people,but also had a penetrating insight of Japanese aggressiveness.He maintained that a strong diplomatic policy should be imposed upon Japan.While "Japan's situation is unstable,and its army not strong,it is superior in competing with it;"otherwise,"putting up with it would lead to nourishing a tiger which would be a source of trouble in the future,and the present situation wouldn't repeat again.


Real time Road sign recognition technology of advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) provide necessary information and instructions to help the driver to drive safely. Road sign recognition is the technology of driver assistance system which interprets the signs to the driver. Recognition is dependent on the combination of detection and classification. Among the various available methods the most efficient one is chosen. Thus detection of region of interest is performed by using Histogram of oriented gradient and classification by using support vector machine. Training data is generated from our own database. This paper represents a study to recognize road signs using OpenCv techniques. This is implemented in visual studio and ported on NVIDIA's TK1 platform. The experimental results shows good performance for recognition of ideogram based signs with an average speed of 25 frames per second having accuracy up to 94%.


We are treating tumors using radiofrequency (RF) ablation under interventional MRI (iMRI) guidance. We investigated the ability of MR to monitor the treated region by comparing MR thermal lesion images to cellular damage as seen histologically. Our new methodology allows 3D registration that should enable more accurate correlation than previous 2D methods. Using a low-field (0.2T) open magnet iMRI system for probe guidance, we applied RF ablation to the thigh muscle of four New Zealand White rabbits. To relate in vivo MR and histology images, we obtained intermediate ex vivo MR images and pictures of thick tissue slices obtained using a specially designed apparatus. Registration was done with a computer algorithm that matches tracks of needle fiducials placed near the tissue of interest. After registration, we determined the region inside the circular, hyperintense rim in MR closely corresponds to the region of necrosis as determined by histology on animals sacrificed 30 minutes after ablation. This is good evidence that iMRI images can be used for real-time feedback during thermal RF ablation treatments.


Forty two (42)blood samples were collected from children showing clinical symptoms of malaria Trophozoites and/or gametocytes of P. falciparum were identified by microscopic examination of giemsa stained films in 22 samples (52.4%). Haemaglobin (Hb), Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase (GPT), Bilirubin, Glucose and Ketone concentrations of these parasitaemia samples were compared with those of a non equivalent control group (n-31) of healthy children who were matched for age and sex, as far as possible with malarious group.

There was a significant difference in the mean Hb concentration between the patients and controls with values of 6.14mg/dl and 10.15mg/dl respectively. The PCV levels also showed a similar pattern (25.95% to 35.95%). Higher bilirubin (22.15 to 0.98mg/dl) and GPT (61.32 to 22.831U/Ml) levels in the patients indicates some degree of haemolysis of red cells and necrosis of liver cells. The plasma glucose levels were lower in the patient compared with the controls (2.60 to 4.96mmol/l). Ketones were detected in 13(59%) of the 22 samples which tested positive for malaria parasites and none in the control group. These variations in Haematological and Biochemical parameters should enhance our knowledge in the pathogenesis of malaria in Sierra Leonean children. Nigerian Quarterly Journal of Hospital Medicine Vol.9, No.1 pp. 1-3


The ongoing government debt crisis, in some of the biggest Eurozone countries has become a great concern for the European societies. The inability of the governments to cover their expenditures over the last years has resulted into high public debts, followed by a set of economic problems such as recession, unemployment and growth issues, negative balance of payments and fewer investments. Some of the most affected countries of this crisis are Greece, Italy, Portugal, Ireland, and Spain. In this project, I analyze the factors that cause an increase of debt to GDP ratio in a Eurozone country, by estimating a GLS model with random effects, and present some of the factors that cause government crisis in Eurozone countries by estimating a Logistic Binary model. Results suggest that government ineffectiveness, public spending and crisis are the main variables impacting indebtedness of countries; and rule of law and domestic credit to private sector as factors that are causing crisis in Eurozone.


Cable modeling is of great significance to study the propagation characteristics of fault signals so as to facilitate the diagnosis and positioning of fault signals. However, the typical cable model in most commercial software does not take into account the semiconductor layer of the cable. Considering the influences of conductor skin effects and frequency-variable characteristics of semi-conducting layers, this paper presents an equivalent lumped parameter model for single-core cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) insulation cables. A rational approximation for the cable frequency domain model is made based on vector fitting algorithm. Moreover, the parameters of per unit length (p.u.l.) in RLC lumped circuit are obtained by modifying the algorithm.


The surgical management of osteomyelitis includes radical debridement on nonviable bone. Laser Doppler flowmetry is a method for directly assessing the functional microcirculation in bone. The early results of the use of this technique as a surgical adjunct in the management of osteomyelitis are promising.


It is the purpose of this paper to investigate the challenges that are posed to optoelectronic packaging by WDM. The main thrust of this paper is to review two key components of WDM systems, i.e. the wavelength (de)multiplexer and the WDM laser source, and to compare an integrated optoelectronic approach versus a hybrid or modular approach. This allows us to compare different alternatives and provides insight into the relevant packaging issues as well. The paper starts with a review of network and component trends, an analysis of the WDM market, and a discussion on optoelectronic integration issues. Conclusions are presented at the end.


It is demonstrated using rapid thermal annealing that the electrical activation of Si+‐implanted GaAs capped with a plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposited (PECVD) silicon nitride (SixNy) layer requires longer annealing times compared to capless annealing. The SIMS profiles of 2H from the GaAs samples onto which SixNy caps were deposited using deuterated ammonia showed that deuterium atoms diffuse readily into the implanted region during PECVD. The improvement in the electrical activation of the capped samples with annealing time correlates directly with decreasing concentration of the 2H in the GaAs. It is postulated that the H atoms diffusing into GaAs during PECVD are trapped by the implantation‐induced damage and the delay in electrical activation corresponds to the time required for the release of the trapped H.


Development of catalysts for the selective hydrolysis of proteins is challenging, yet important for many applications in biotechnology and proteomics. The hydrolysis of hydrophobic proteins is particularly challenging, as due to their poor solubility, the use of surfactants is often required. In this study, the proteolytic potential of catalyst systems based on the Zr(IV)-substituted Keggin polyoxometalate (Et2NH2)10[Zr(PW11O39)2] (Zr-K 1:2) and three different surfactants (ionic SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate); zwitterionic Zw3-12 (n-dodecyl-N,N-dimethyl-3-ammonio-1-propanesulfonate); and CHAPS (3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate)), which differ in structure and polarity, has been investigated. Hydrolysis of ovalbumin (OVA) was examined in the presence of Zr-K 1:2 and surfactants by sodium dodecyl sulfate poly(acrylamide) gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), which showed the appearance of new polypeptide fragments at lower molecular weight, indicating that selective hydrolysis of OVA took place for all three catalyst systems. The same fragmentation pattern was observed, showing that the selectivity was not affected by surfactants. However, the surfactants influenced the performance of the catalyst. Hence, the interactions of OVA with surfactants and Zr-K 1:2 were investigated using different techniques such as tryptophan fluorescence, Circular Dichroism, and Dynamic Light Scattering. The speciation of the catalyst in surfactant solutions was also followed by 31P Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy providing insight into its stability under reaction conditions.


: In the current research, we present a new developed Matlab/Simulink toolbox for power electronics to evaluate and improve the control of grid connected PV systems, and in grid connected hybrid system PV/wind turbine (WT). During the work, we carried out the development of a comparative study between two configurations with and without using the MPPT control system. Our focus is to describe the most important order to provide a new developed toolbox in our simulation results and find the best one model in terms of efficiency. The required power generated by the hybrid model system is supplied to feed the grid and AC load and to also optimize the time response of the system study by improving the filter parameters incorporated in our simulation results. This current research focuses on enhancing the performance of wind turbines using the maximum power point tracking P&O method, since our results indicated better performance wind turbine potential in the targeted region .


The Carmona countryside constitutes a physiographic element that plays a basic part in the exploitation of its agricultural resources. In this sense, its soils are considered to be of a great agronomic wealth; they are derived from Myocene loams and their physico-chemical characteristics permit the growth of extensive herbaceous crops in dryland. These clayey soils are classified, following the American system, in the Vertisols order, due to the presence of slickensides and the formation of deep, wide cracks during the dry season, which do not permit the formation of greatly differentiated horizons in their profile.


This work aims to analyze the technical efficiency in the organic units of the University of Eduardo dos Santos (UJES) in the period 2012 to 2014. In methodological terms, the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model was used, which is the largest programming model in the analysis of technical efficiency in public institutions. The results showed that there are four inefficient UJES organic units with an efficiency level ranging from 20% to 98% and the remaining four were at the optimum efficiency frontier throughout the analysis period and in general terms the trend of technical efficiency is increasing at a slow pace.


Prevention of spinal cord injuries requires a continuum of strategies comprising primary, secondary, and tertiary measures, with the former beginning prior to the injury and the latter continuing for the lifetime of the injured person. Primary prevention is based on detailed epidemiological studies and is facilitated by ongoing registries. Primary prevention involves education, legislation and enforcement, and engineering and technological measures. Secondary injury prevention is the responsibility of the entire health care system and includes first aid, retrieval, and acute hospitalization of the injured person, whereas primary and tertiary injury prevention are the concerns of everyone in the community, both medical and nonmedical personnel. ThinkFirst is a targeted spinal cord injury prevention program that is active in many countries.


We assign two incomplete dinosaur tracks from the Dakota Sandstone in Socorro County, west-central New Mexico to the ichnogenus Caririchnium sp., widely believed to represent the tracks of an iguanodontid ornithopod dinosaur. This is the first record of Cretaceous dinosaur tracks from west of the Rio Grande rift in New Mexico. Previous work suggests that the Dakota Sandstone in west-central New Mexico is of middle Cenomanian age, which makes these tracks younger than those of the so-called "dinosaur freeway" in the Dakota Group of northeastern New Mexico and eastern Colorado.


Mobile devices have been playing an important role in our daily lives. Therefore, to extend the standby time of mobile devices has become a focal topic to both industry and academia. Based on the brightness, contrast and motion analysis, this paper proposes a new backlight dimming and pixel compensation method for display power saving when playing video. First, we calculate the brightness and contrast of the frame followed by extracting the motion vectors of the video to obtain the frame speed. Then, we determine the optimized backlight level and pixel compensation value using subjective visual model. Finally, we process pixel compensation by GPU rendering. Experimental results show that our method achieved on average 23% of power saving and preserved good visual quality through the subjective video quality assessment.


4532Background: In Study 1108, durvalumab showed meaningful clinical activity in patients with UC, with an objective response rate (ORR) of 17.8% (PD-L1–positive patients: 27.6%) [Powles 2017, JAMA...


Calibration Navigator (CN) of load model in power system is proposed in this paper, which is defined as the first-order sensitivity of system angle stability margin with respect to parameters of each load in system dominant mode. This navigator can help distinguish the dominant objects of the system in load model calibration, including dominant calibration areas and dominant calibration parameters. The distribution of dominant calibration area under different disturbances is analyzed with a two-machine system which has an ideal two clustering characteristic, where several load parameters are considered, and the factors influence the distribution are also studied. The result shows that the distribution of the dominant calibration area depends on the location of the disturbance and the active power of each load, the result is tested on IEEE 39-bus system and a real power grid.


Background: The concept of SQL injection is indeed a technique that exploits a security vulnerability that occurs in the application layer of a database. The attack takes benefits of weak input validation in code and website administration. It allows attackers to get illegal access to the back-and part of the database to modify the intended application which generate SQL queries. Method: This paper does a review on comparable analysis to find out more on different types of attacks, vulnerabilities and their detection techniques. Conclusion: According to the reviews which we have done researchers have offered several solutions to address SQL injection challenges. In addition to this, many of them have limitations and mostly cannot address all type of injection problems. More to this, several new types of injection attacks have arisen in the last several years. To better avoid such attacks, specifying and knowing existing techniques and methods are very important. In this research paper we discuss and review all types of SQL injection attack as well as different techniques and tools which can detect or avoid these attacks.


There are rumen bacteria capable of degrading toxic dihydroxypyridine compounds derived from mimosine, a non-protein amino acid found in Leucaena leucocephala. The degrading activity can be lost reversibly or irreversibly. In our study we determined the extension of bacterial growth and the degradation of 2,3 DPH under different conditions. The degradation of 2,3 DPH began once the late exponential phase of cultivation has been reached, and ended in 3 days. If additional 2,3 DHP is added to the degraded solution (once the original 2,3 DHP had been degraded) , the total degradation occured in 12 h. This activity was observed in saline solutions with pyruvate, in rumen fluids and argenine, but not in solutions supplemented with AGV or vitamins. Under strict anaerobic conditions growth and degradation were optimum. Airation of the samples diminished both growth and specific degradation activity. The maintenance of cultures without 2,3 DHP brought about loss of the degradation activity, which was recovered in some cases in re-cultivation in mediums with 2,3 DHP content, and a long lag phase (4 weeks) in the degradation activity (even when growth was normal). The presence of plasmides could not be confirmed. These results are relevant when manipulating laboratory degradation cultures. The degradation activity is present in extracts free of cells in two systems: An atmosphere of N2 and pyruvate (10mM) or an atmosphere of H2 and methyl viologen (0,5 mM). The products of' the degradation process with 2,3 DHP are still unknown.


Forty years after Dr. Alon Winnie described the paresthesia technique for interscalene blockade, evolving technology enables clinicians to see and differentiate anatomic structures in real time. The growing interest in ultrasoundguided regional anesthesia (UGRA) has been an exciting, landmark development in the practice of regional anesthesia and pain medicine. The authors' of An Introductory Curriculum for Ultrasound-Guided Regional Anesthesia, Drs. Pollard and Chan, are well-known and accomplished leaders in this emerging field. With this new technology comes responsibility. Spirited debate now surrounds the definition of core competencies, training requirements, competency assessment, institutional certification for UGRA practice, and strategies for quality improvement in UGRA. In writing these introductory curriculums on UGRA, the authors have appropriately side-stepped these issues and focused instead on a more important founding principle for their text—patient safety. As is stated by the authors, the goal in writing this book was "to create an educational curriculum that will permit a self-directed foundational path for clinicians, from novice to expert, community and academic-based, to build on existing regional anesthesia expertise by integrating essential ultrasound techniques into daily practice." They accomplish this task through nine chapters in five well-organized sections. Section 1 (39 pages) is the largest and constitutes almost half of the text. Starting with physics as applied to ultrasonography, this section then confronts the fundamentals of ultrasound scanning and needle techniques. Sections 2, 3, and 4 categorize nerve blocks into introductory, intermediate, and advanced designations. Chapters within these sections cover the most commonly performed ultrasoundguided nerve blocks. Finally, section 5 describes the use of UGRA to assist with conventionally performed epidural and subarachnoid blocks. An ubiquitous debate continues among practitioners as to what constitutes an "introductory" block versus an "advanced" block, which can be seen as a potential weakness in this presentation. For example, many clinicians may not find a selective block of the radial nerve "easier" than a conventional ultrasound-guided approach to the brachial plexus. Each chapter ends with a salient summary, as well as 4 to 6 key references for the self-directed learner. The fundamental learning points of the chapter are then listed as useful "knowledge keys." Esthetics were not overlooked in the production of the text, which presents superior illustrations and an excellent collection of images. Often, images and illustrations are combined into impressive and thoughtful schematics detailing phenomena such as reverberation artifact. The high-quality images and illustrations are a major strength of the book. Each chapter reads easily, yet with only 81 pages and lacking references, this is not meant to be a comprehensive textbook on the topic. Rather, it nicely complements existing resources, and as such represents one of the finest presentations on basic UGRA concepts available to practitioners. The emphasis on competency with imaging is appropriate and is reflected in the fact that the bulk of the text material addresses this skill set. Specific clinical recommendations, such as type of local anesthetic and volume selection, are not emphasized. As interest in the use of UGRA in clinical practice and education continues to expand, efforts to optimize patient safety and minimize risk should be at the forefront. Although no evidence exists to support this claim, one could reasonably hypothesize that poor UGRA technique may increase the risk of associated complications. To that end, this text is an essential resource for UGRA educators and would be an excellent addition to all libraries on regional anesthesia.


In this paper, the convergence accuracy of system states in discretized sliding mode control (SMC) systems is thoroughly analyzed using big O notation. It confirms that for a n-th order system, system states x<inf>1</inf>, x<inf>2</inf>, …, x<inf>n</inf> have different convergence rates.


Beginning with the very important research on oil and gas reservoir formation in petroleum geology this paper analyzes its histoy which is divided into three historical stages. The first stage from the end of 19th century to the early 1950s is represented by anticlinal theory or gravitational theory of oil and gas reservoirs. The second stagefrom the middle of 1950s to the end of 1970s is represented by the Tisso organic oil-generation theory oil and gas secondary migration and accumulation and continental petroleum geology theory in China. The third stage from 1980s to now is represented by reservoir characterization basin modeling reservoir geochemistry oil and gas system and reservoir-forming dynamics. The status and trend of oil and gas reservoir formation are discussed from the following aspects geothemal field and pressure field reservoir formation history oil and gas system reservoir forming dynamics and basin modeling.


The use of organic compounds (mainly are organic oxides, organic nitrides, organic sulfides) as additives in hydrogenation catalyst preparation, activation and sulfidation is described. The catalyst activity and stability are increased, and in the same time the catalyst cost is reduced.


Issues related to the development of support tools for the automated generation of algorithms presented in the form of chains of procedures, including image processing tasks, are considered. The main subject of the report is the knowledge base proposed as a search mechanism for chains that are optimal according to certain criteria.


The aim of this study is to provide knowledge about how preschoolers discuss about carbon dioxide bubbles and its buoyancy. To answer the study´s questions, three focus groups with a total of twelv ...


For the first time, a semantic-functional and structural analysis of the linguistic structure of the work of G. V. Pryakhin, a Russian journalist, writer, and publisher, is undertaken. Pryakhin's works are interesting not only for their problematics and depiction of contempo- rary reality but also for the originality of the linguistic organization, with the story "Intelli- gentsia and cruelty" taken as an example. A large number of various subject-expressive forms of syntax are found to be used in one work. The focus is on the structural-semantic and func- tional features of parcelation, one of the brightest subject-expressive syntactic tools with which to realize the author's artistic goals. The analysis allowed the following conclusions to be made. First, both simple and complex sentences prove to be parceled. Simple sentences have their main and secondary members parceled. Parceled in complex sentences are the se- cond parts of compound and conjunctionless subordinates, subordinate parts of complex sub- ordinates, and parts of complicated structures, thus creating complex syntactic wholes. Se- cond, the parceled structures in the text under consideration contribute to conveying lively speech and creating a touch of informality, help a narrator deliver emotions, create gradation, provide additional information about the subject of description, as well as perform expressive- characterological and expressive-emphasizing functions. Also, they serve as a powerful tool for drawing the reader's attention to more meaningful information and manipulating the reader's consciousness.


This article reports on a case study carried out in Mexico with two bilingual teachers, a native speaker of English and a native speaker of Spanish. The discussion explores teachers' beliefs about the dimension of culture in their teaching and the relationship of these beliefs to teacher instruction. Distinctive styles of interaction with students surface and raise concern about the question of cultural knowledge.


We provide an overview of what has been accomplished by our team, since 1998, in the area of first-principles molecular dynamics (FPMD) modeling of glassy chalcogenides, a prototypical family of network disordered materials. After a broad introduction that defines the main motivation and strategy of our approach, we treat several cases by focusing first on a specific issue of generic character (the origin of the first sharp diffraction peak in the neutron structure factor as a signature of intermediate range order) and then on particular systems mostly within (or closely related to) the Ge x Se 1-x binary family. Chalcogenides ternary glasses will also be considered. It appears that first-principle molecular dynamics has acquired an unprecedented level of reliability in the field of glassy chalcogenides, by enriching and complementing successfully the knowledge of these materials.


his paper investigates the role of the institutional framework in the accumulation of central gov- ernment debt. We employ the Economic Freedom Index (EFI) as a proxy for institutional frame- work and study the causal link between institutions that promote economic freedom and the cre- ation of public debt. The results presented in this paper are evidence of causality between institu- tions and debt-to-GDP ratios. This paper suggests that institutional and structural frameworks of economies bear great importance in public debt accumulation. The countries that score better on the quality of economic institutions are more likely to accrue lower levels of public debt. In particu- lar, a 10-point enhancement in the EFI score can lead to reductions between 1.7 and 7.3 percentage points in debt-to-GDP ratios. We also observed that scores for open markets and government size affect public debt negatively across developed as well as developing countries. Additionally, the evidence suggests that countries deemed less likely to expropriate private property exhibit higher percentages of government debt relative to GDP. We stipulate this is the result of higher perceived trustworthiness which in turn leads to an increased pool of available credit.


The dam site of proposed Sunkoshi-2 Hydropower Project and its surrounding mainly comprise the Tawa Khola Formation, which is the basal formation of the Bhimphedi Group. Although garnet schist and micaceous quartzite bands are the main rock types; three rock units namely- Schist Unit, Quartzite Unit, and Gneiss Unit were identified. Engineering geological mapping followed by discontinuity survey were carried out. The result exhibited differences in fracture intensity and discontinuity characteristics of rock masses according to rock type. Since joint orientations were found to be consistent over fairly large areas, surface studies of joints were used in predicting subsurface orientations. Rock mass classification was made in line with the Rock Mass Rating System (RMR) and the Dam Mass Rating (DMR) classification for the dam foundation. The rock masses were classified onto fair to good rock classes according to RMR value. Dam foundation analysis regarding stability against sliding using DMR classification helped in selection of suitable dam-axis among two alternatives. Water Quality Standards (2005).


Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (NmAbs) are a treatment option in patients with early SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this study, we examined the role of NmAbs therapies in a cohort of patients affected by nosocomial COVID-19 infection and high risk of illness progression.

 A retrospective, single-center analysis was performed including all patients affected by nosocomial SARS-CoV-2 infection receiving NmAbs treatment between April 2021 and March 2022.

 The overall included patients were 75. Mortality rate was 13.3%; disease progression was observed in 22 patients (29.3%); clinical improvement was reported in 49 subjects (65.3%). In multivariate logistic regression, the presence of immunosuppression risk factor and late administration of therapies were recognized as independent predictors of treatment failure.

 In this real-world analysis, the treatment with NmAbs was safety and effectiveness in high-risk patients with nosocomial COVID-19 infection, but the timing of administration and the role of viral variants are the main limiting factors of this approach.


In 2017, the United States opioid epidemic was declared a public health emergency. Increased efforts have been made to understand and reduce patient opioid use in neurosurgery. However, the factors associated with postoperative opioid use remain understudied in endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery (EESBS). We identified the demographic and surgical factors associated with postoperative opioid use in EESBS.


The invention discloses an oil well cement gas expansion agent, which consists of 30-40 parts by weight of a gas generating agent and 60-70 parts by weight of a stabilizer. The gas generating agent is a sulfohydrazide compound, and the stabilizer is at least one of silicon dioxide and calcium silicate. The oil well cement gas expansion agent can be used for daily dry blending work, and also can be used for on-the-spot wet blending work. When the oil well cement gas expansion agent acts on cement paste, the temperature reaches 35DEG C under an alkaline condition, nitrogen release starts. By means of the effect of the stabilizer in the components, small bubbles can be evenly distributed in the cement paste, and the only generated gas is nitrogen, which has no corrosion to pipes. In addition, the oil well cement gas expansion agent has good compatibility and compatibleness with other cement additives, also can effectively compensate the pressure loss and volume shrinkage when the cement paste solidifies, and prevents well cementing oil gas and water channeling.


Using hardware and materials supplied by LANL, a prototype quadrupole mass spectrometer system designed for portable field analysis of isotopic composition of solid uranium samples was assembled and tested. The system contained the capability for fluorine volatilization of solid uranium samples with gas introduction, which was successfully tested and demonstrated using 100 mg samples of U{sub 3}O{sub 8}. Determination of precision and accuracy for measuring isotopic composition was performed using isotopic standards. Use with soil samples containing uranium were also attempted. Silicates in the soil forming SiF{sub 4} were found to be a kinetic bottleneck to the formation of UF{sub 6}. This could be avoided by performing some sort of chemical separation as a pre-treatment step, which was demonstrated using nitric acid.


This whakataukī or 'proverb' speaks to Māori perspectives of time, where the past, the present and the future are viewed as intertwined, and life as a continuous cosmic process. Within this continuous cosmic movement, time has no restrictions – it is both past and present. The past is central to and shapes both present and future identity. From this perspective, the individual carries their past into the future. The strength of carrying one's past into the future is that ancestors are ever present, existing both within the spiritual realm and in the physical, alongside the living as well as within the living. This article explores Māori perspectives of the past and the models and inspiration they offer. In this way, it provides a critique of the practices in early childhood education, highlighting the importance of cultural concepts and practices, and discusses implications for both teaching and academic practice.


Abstract Background To investigate the levels of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte (PLR) ratios in those having a pulmonary embolism (PE) in the course of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods The records of those having COVID-19 were retrospectively obtained from the hospital automation system. NLR and PLR were measured with the help of patients' blood cell counts. Results Of 1,452 COVID-19 patients, 17 (1.2%) were diagnosed with PE. Compared with the controls, while leukocyte (p = 0.001), neutrophil (p <0.001), and neutrophil percentages, (p = 0.001) and NLR (p <0.001) and PLR (p = 0.006) had higher values, lymphocyte count (p = 0.004) and lymphocyte percentage (p <0.001) showed lower values in the patients with PE. Compared to the survivors, the non-survivors were found to have increased leukocyte (p <0.001), neutrophil (p <0.001), and neutrophil percentages (p <0.001), NLR (p <0.001) and PLR (p <0.001), and decreased lymphocyte (p <0.001) counts and percentage (p <0.001), hemoglobin (p = 0.005), hematocrit (p = 0.012), and platelet counts (p <0.001). While NLR and PLR cutoffs were found as 4.338 and 187.83 in predicting PE, the cutoff values of NLR and PLR were, respectively, 4.301 and 172.5 in predicting mortality. The logistic regression analysis also revealed that all hematological parameters had no effects on the development of PE. Conclusion Although NLR and PLR had higher scores in PE patients, no relationship was determined between the levels of NLR and PLR and PE development. Further prospective studies including larger populations are required to enlighten the increased NLR and PLR in PE patients having COVID-19. How to cite this article Akkus C, Yilmaz H, Duran R, Diker S, Celik S, Duran C. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte and Platelet-to-lymphocyte Ratios in those with Pulmonary Embolism in the Course of Coronavirus Disease 2019. Indian J Crit Care Med 2021;25(10):1133–1136.


When Ronald and Nancy Reagan left the White House in 1989, they said goodbye to public life. The images of them leaving Washington and flying off to California were carefully staged as the final shots of what would become a very private existence for the former President and First Lady. Until his death at the age of 93, most news of Ronald and Nancy Reagan focused on his deteriorating condition and her devotion to him. When the policies of the Reagan Administration were attacked, the former President personally did not defend himself; but rather, supporters quickly countered with a ''familiar and wellaccepted story'' (Lewis 1987 280): ''President Reagan restored America's confidence, propelled its economy into the longest expansion in history, and, in Mrs. Thatcher's words, 'won the Cold War without firing a single shot''' (Miller 2004). In addition, former Reagan insiders authored several sympathetic books that brought mostly positive media attention to the former president (Elber 2003); and admirers ''launched a campaign to have at least one public building named for Reagan in each of America's 3,067 counties'' (Braxton and Baker 2003). The care taken to preserve this larger-than-life image of the former President with the public was not accidental. It remained protected until late in 2003, when the scheduled broadcast of a fictionalized, biographical television mini-series, The Reagans, threatened to show Ronald and Nancy Reagan in what loyalists thought was an unflattering, mean-spirited and unfair light. The Reagan inner circle was concerned about the effect this mini-series would have on the way people viewed the Reagan presidency. They knew the power of the media, and this mini-series had the potential to expose a new generation to the Reagan presidency and tarnish the final heroic image his supporters had hoped would be his legacy (Denton 1988). In the end, Reagan loyalists were successful in pressuring the CBS television network to cancel its prime time showing of the mini-series. Liberals called the cancellation censorship of a mini-series intended to portray Ronald and Nancy Reagan in a realistic manner; Conservatives characterized what happened as the exercise of free speech by the people with the intent of stopping an unjust and immoral act. To address these issues, the theoretical underpinnings of this study will be offered, followed by the context surrounding the controversy and the implications for a free society.


With the Communication on Smart Regulation issued in October 2010, the European Commission tried to foster a better management of the whole policy cycle. According to that Communication, amending policy proposals must be preceded by an ex-post assessment of the current situation, allowing "closing the policy cycle". This paper tries to answer the question whether the EU Impact Assessments System is fi t to steer and close the policy cycle, and what is the relation between ex-ante IA and ex-post evaluation "on the ground" so far. This is done via a macro and micro analysis, based on scorecard approach and three case studies, comparing the EU IA system performance with a theoretical benchmark derived from the EU policy document and process. The paper concludes that the EU Impact Assessment system, as it is currently designed and implemented, is not yet fi t to steer and close the policy cycle. To achieve this goal, all the analytical and empirical layers of the policy cycle should be fully dealt with since the ex-ante phase.


The deregulation of the US domestic airline market in 1978 and its apparent relative success continues to attract a great deal of interest among US and other economists. This uniquely US experience has clearly shown that factors such as market contestability, the multiple output nature of costs, the structure of networks and airport presence play a crucial role in the survival and, ultimately, profitability of relatively free and unregulated airlines. However, most international airlines still operate in a heavily regulated environment. While the tendency is clearly toward liberalization, the question remains: What can these airlines do to improve their profitability within this framework? Our results indicate that profitable airlines have high passenger load factors, a relatively low proportion of capacity related costs, younger and more efficient fleets and supplement their passenger loads with freight.


Purpose: This paper aims to question the disappearance of sector-specific regulation in European electronic communications markets. Design/methodology/approach: To show that sector-specific regulation will remain, five arguments are developed based on different disciplines: law, economics, political science and sociology. Findings: It is found that sector-specific regulation has already been in place for 15 years and there is no concrete indication that it will end soon. Competition law has intrinsic limitations, which, arguably, do not make it possible for authorities to resort only to that body of the law to ensure a smooth functioning of the electronic communications markets. The balance of power in the EU leads to sector-specific regulation being maintained in the years ahead as the ideal way for European institutions to intervene in electronic communications markets. The electronic communications market requires regulation going beyond competition law in order to ensure the realization of non-economic purposes. The implementation of sector-specific regulation might contribute to concentrating the electronic communications markets. Practical implications: Contrary to the claims of the European institutions that sector-specific regulation in the electronic communication markets will lose its relevance, this paper argues that it is likely to remain for the foreseeable future. Originality/value: The paper shows that deregulating a sector is not an easy task and that ex ante regulation is a key legal instrument for the proper functioning of a market.


A series of novel pyrazoline scaffolds from coumarin–carbazole chalcones were synthesized. We explored various acetyl, amide, and phenyl substituents at the N-1 position of the pyrazoline core. The synthesized compounds were characterized by FTIR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, DEPT, and mass spectroscopic techniques. The in vitro cytotoxicity study of all the synthesized compounds was evaluated against HeLa, NCI-H520 and NRK-52E cell lines. Compounds 4a and 7b became the most active compounds and exhibited their potential to arrest the cell cycle progression and induce apoptosis in both the cell lines. In addition, molecular docking studies revealed a higher binding affinity of both the molecules with CDK2 protein. Based on the obtained results, a comprehensive analysis is warranted to establish the role of compounds 4a and 7b as promising cancer therapeutic agents.


When individual international trade conflicts reflect wider commercial competition and rivalry, political trade and economic interests are usually at stake. Local or territorial authorities will be under pressure to defend the interests of their own merchant community, while bearing in mind their general economic and trade policies, and their own political position on the international scene. Individual conflicts may be settled through judicial decisions, arbitration, or a negotiated compromise, but such a settlement, forced or voluntary, does not put an end to the underlying structural conflict of interests. The control of such an international conflict of interests is fundamentally a matter of diplomacy and in these economic international relations, the 'balance of power' may prove decisive. However, Western international relations have also a long tradition of endeavouring to justify in legal terms the positions of the various actors involved in such economic and trade conflicts, and sometimes also the (often, temporary) settlements they reach. For the later centuries of the Middle Ages and the Early-Modern Times, this may at first come as a surprise to the contemporary lawyer or diplomat, as, arguably, neither the ius commune nor the iura propria had developed any consistent body of rules which would now qualify as a branch of international commercial or economic law. Yet, the need to frame trade disputes in legal categories and principles was obviously felt, and the legal profession met this demand in various ways. The present paper aims to illustrate the point by focusing on a very specific example, a short episode in the long-standing conflict between the German Hanse and the English merchant community during the 1550s1.


According to the waste type identification requirement in waste classification, a waste type identification method based on a bird flock neural network (BFNN) was proposed. The problem of obtaining the feature dataset of waste images was considered, and color histogram and texture feature extraction techniques were used. The local optimum problem of a typical backpropagation neural network (BPNN) was considered, and a bird flock optimization (BFO) algorithm was proposed. The accuracy problem of the typical BPNN was considered, and a new online weight adjustment method of neurons was proposed. The number of hidden layer neurons (nodes) of the typical BPNN was considered, and an online adjustment method was proposed. The experimental results show that the recyclables (paper, plastic, glass, and cloth) and nonrecyclables can effectively be identified by the waste type identification method based on the BFNN, and the recognition accuracy is 81% which meets actual needs.


The utility model discloses an assembly body of a baby car seat and a baby trolley. The baby car seat comprises a car seat frame and further comprises a connecting frame capable of connecting the baby car seat with the baby trolley in dismountable way; the connecting frame is rotationally connected with the car seat frame by a first rotating shaft, and a car seat locking mechanism capable of locking the car seat frame and the connecting frame in at least two working positions is arranged between the car seat frame and the connecting frame. The connecting frame can be connected with the baby trolley in dismountable way, so the relative position between the car seat frame and the connecting frame can be regulated after the car seat locking mechanism unlocks the car seat frame and the connecting frame, namely the position of the baby car seat relative to the baby trolley is regulated.


Urban green spaces, particularly trees, have great potential to sequester carbon from the atmosphere and mitigate the impacts of climate change in cities. Large university campuses offer prominent space where such green spaces can be developed in order to offset the increasing greenhouse gas emissions, as well as other benefits. Amity University, Noida, is spread over 60 acres with dense tree plantations in and around the campus. The present study is a sustainability initiative to inventory the tree species on the campus and assess their total carbon sequestration potential (CSP). The above- and below-ground biomasses were estimated using the non-destructive sampling method. Individual trees on the campus were measured for their height and diameter at breast height (DBH), and estimates of carbon storage were performed using allometric equations. There is a total of 45 different tree species on the campus with the total CSP equivalent to approximately 139.86 tons. The results also reveal that Ficus benjamina was the predominant species on the campus with CSP equivalent to 30.53 tons, followed by Alstonia scholaris with carbon storage of 16.38 tons. The study reports that the ratio of native to exotic species is 22:23 or almost 1:1. The present work highlights the role of urban forests or urban green spaces, not only as ornamental and aesthetic plantations but also in mitigating the impacts of climate change at a local level. Higher education institutes have an important role in expanding their green cover so as to act as local carbon sinks.


The necessity of a digital transformation has therefore become an existential necessity for companies. Nevertheless, many organisations fail to master this digital transformation, since they focus exclusively on technology. While in the past, It was often undermined by the business perspective, nowadays it seems to be so in focus that other necessary factors for digital transformation are often overlooked. So, it is not just a question of translating analogue business models, products, or services into digital ones, but rather, the company itself must be understood as a system that has to be digitised, in order to ultimately be able to digitise the business model, its products and services.


Alzheimer's dementia (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative illness that manifests in a gradual decline of cognitive function. Early identification of AD is essential for managing the ensuing cognitive deficits, which may lead to a better prognostic outcome. Speech data can serve as a window into cognitive functioning and can be used to screen for early signs of AD. This paper describes methods for learning models using speech samples from the DementiaBank database, for identifying which subjects have Alzheimer's dementia. We consider two machine learning tasks: 1) binary classification to distinguish patients from healthy controls, and 2) regression to estimate each subject's Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score. To develop models that can use acoustic and/or language features, we explore a variety of dimension reduction techniques, training algorithms, and fusion strategies. Our best performing classification model, using language features with dimension reduction and regularized logistic regression, achieves an accuracy of 85.4% on a held-out test set. On the regression task, a linear regression model trained on a reduced set of language features achieves a root mean square error (RMSE) of 5.62 on the test set. These results demonstrate the promise of using machine learning for detecting cognitive decline from speech in AD patients.


Commentary on: McBeth J, Prescott G, Scotland G, et al. Cognitive behavior therapy, exercise, or both for treating chronic widespread pain. Arch Intern Med 2012;172:48–57.[OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4]

Chronic widespread pain (CWP) is the cardinal feature of fibromyalgia which is one of the three most common musculoskeletal disorders in clinical practice, the others being osteoarthritis and chronic low back pain. CWP is disabling as well as costly and difficult to treat.

In a 2×2 factorial randomised controlled trial, 442 patients with CWP were randomised to receive 6 months of telephone-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy (TCBT), a structured exercise programme, combined TBCT-exercise or treatment as usual (TAU). The primary outcome, using a 7-point patient global assessment scale of change in health, was assessed at baseline and 6 months (intervention end) and 9 months after randomisation. A positive outcome was defined as 'much better' or 'very much …

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There are currently a number of specific international standards relevant to software process. Controls requirement on software development are defined in standards such as Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI), ISO/IEC 15504, ISO/IEC 90003 and ISO/IEC 27001 (formerly known as ISO 17799). ISO/IEC 12207 looks at the software life cycle and its components. Currently, there are no initiative to integrate and harmonise these best practices, standards and models. Integrated software process assessment knowledge base and methodology (iSPA) is an initiative to harmonise and integrate various existing software process assessment /improvement standards, models and benchmarks. This will enable software development companies to achieve flexibility and choices in the self-assessment of their software development processes. This paper presents and proposes a new methodology for implementation of software process improvement in Malaysia as well as the application tool in assisting the implementation.


Background: Infantile hemangioma is the most common vascular tumor in newborns, with an incidence from 12 to 23% among preterm infants with low weight at birth and a female to male ratio of 3:1. The head and neck is the most frequently affected area (60%), and the scalp is a typical site for such large lesions. Objective: We describe some clinical and medical aspects in comparison with the surgical approach to giant infantile hemangioma of the scalp. Methods: The indications to treatment are discussed. An outcome basis evaluation, by reviewing some clinical cases, is provided to help readers better understand when and how to undergo surgery safely. Conclusion: Early excision of huge infantile hemangioma of the scalp is the treatment of choice if feasible within 5 months of age.


This paper make a deeply study of image database on its architecture and major technologies. Along with this, the object oriented image data model, supporting content based image retrieval, was designed and embedded into the image database, which based on Jasmine, a product of object oriented multimedia database system.


Charmless two-body decays of Bs mesons to PP , PV and V V final states are investigated within an extension of the standard model with an additional vector quark. Besides the CP averaged branching ratio, we look into the direct CP violation associated with each mode to search for those decays which are most sensitive to this new physics scenario. Our results indicate that the branching ratio of Bs → πη, π0η′, πφ receive the most significant shifts from the presence of a singlet quark. On the other hand, the direct CP violations in Bs → φη′, φφ are the most affected by the vector quark model.


Microperoxidase-11 has for the first time been successfully immobilized into a mesoporous metal-organic framework (MOF) consisting of nanoscopic cages and it demonstrates superior enzymatic catalysis performances compared to its mesoporous silica counterpart.


The criminality in Niger Delta has led to vandalization of oil installations, hostage taking, killing, etc. The Federal Government of Nigeria has reacted these development by deploying military forces to quill the agitation of the people. The crisis has escalated and consequently viewed from broad political context as arising from the structural anomalies in the 'Nigerian type of federalism which placed the areas of Niger Delta under marginalization. The crisis in the Niger Delta regions especially in Ondo state has consequently attracted the attention of academics, politicians and policy makers. Our concern in this study is to examine the variables of revenue allocation and fiscal federalism in the unfolding militant agitations which has characterized Nigeria since its foundation and presently ''constituting a threat to the nascent democracy and National Unity. Having carried out systematic investigation guided by methodological design, theoretical framework, both secondary and primary data were used for this study. Also a sample random sampling technique was adopted for the selection of 126 respondents out of the 200 members of the local governments in Ondo state. We are led by empirical evidence to conclude from the researcher's findings that the crisis in the Niger Delta is a manifestation of cumulative frustration consequent upon many years of neglect nurtured by the manipulation of the fiscal system in Nigeria.


This paper describes an improved design of the well-known u-style waveguide rotary joint in millimeter band. It contains H/sub 10/-to-E/sub 01/ mode converter by way of a right-angle E-plane junction (RAJ) between a rectangular waveguide and a circular waveguide. A simple for fabrication structure of the RAJ mode converter was proposed, and optimized to provide "conjugate matching" method for the rotary joint. A design procedure was developed. Computer simulation of the mode converter and the rotary joint exhibited excellent performance. The return loss < -25/-35 dB (in 10/6 % band), WOW <0.02/0.002 dB (10/6 %). Testing of the rotary joint, fabricated in Ka band, confirmed simulation results.


Medicinal plants have been used as sources of traditional medicine in virtually all tribal cultures. Solanum torvum, Clerodendrum colebrookianum, and Spinlanthes acmella: the three ethnomedicinal plants used in various ailments by tribal communities of Arunachal Pradesh were evaluated for their phytochemicals and antifungal activities against Aspergillus niger. Phytochemical analysis of selected plants revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, sterols, terpenoids, saponins, resins, carbohydrate in various plant parts. Ethyl acetate, Chloroform and Aqueous extracts of various parts of these plants were tested against Aspergillus niger by Agar well diffusion method. The obtained results showed that aqueous extract of roots of Clerodendrum colebrookianum and ethyl acetate extract of leaves of Solanum torvum were the most active; while aqueous extract of Solanum torvum leaves did not show any activity against Aspergillus niger. Presence of various phytochemicals which are associated for various activities like, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anticancer, antidiarrheal etc. supports the use of these plants in treatment of various ailments.


Abstract : The paper discusses the theoretical determination of thermal resistance in forked, de Laval, and fir-tree root joints. The results of the calculation are compared with experimental data from the Thermal Energy Institute of the Academy of Sciences, Ukrainian SSR, the Khar'kov Polytechnical Institute, and Seippel. (Author)


The physical entities which are taken into account by Machine to Machine (M2M) telecom applications are more and more heterogeneous. The challenge addressed by our research is the automatic integration and configuration of all these types of physical entities in M2M systems, with a homogeneous solution that generalizes self-configuration approaches used for networked digital devices. This thesis presents a general theoretical framework and basic mechanisms for the identification and configuration of such physical entity models in distributed embedded information systems. Our approach deals jointly with equipment and space entities encompassing the "Internet of Things" (IoT) and "interactive environment" viewpoints in a renewed interpretation of ambient intelligence. This work has been motivated initially by home energy management applications, trying to integrate into the Home Area Network all home entities that play a role in energy management, but do not have a networked interface of their own. This corresponds to a qualitative extension of the perimeter of the Home Area Network. This integration is achieved in a way similar to what is done for state of the art digital devices, through a spontaneous discovery and configuration mechanism, with the following stages: detection of the presence of a physical entity by analyzing the coincidence of significant events detected by sensors; selection of the first generic model corresponding to the detected physical entity from a reference ontology, on the basis of received sensors data; creation of a software component representing the detected physical entity, based on the selected model, associated with relevant sensors and actuators; provision of application interface for monitoring and control of the target entity through this intermediate software component; iterative update of the identified entity model on the basis of data from associated sensors. The proposed approach has been validated and implemented in home environments, but it is intended to be generalized and expanded to environments such as buildings or cities, offering a similarly shared infrastructure for all M2M applications in these environments


We theoretically address the effects of strong magnetic fields in three-dimensional Weyl semimetals (WSMs) built out of Weyl nodes with a monopole charge n. For n=1, 2, and 3 we realize single, double, and triple WSM, respectively, and the monopole charge n determines the integer topological invariant of the WSM. Within the linearized continuum description, the quasiparticle spectrum is then composed of Landau levels (LLs), containing exactly n number of chiral zeroth Landau levels (ZLLs), irrespective of the orientation of the magnetic field. In the presence of strong backscattering, for example (due to quenched disorder associated with random impurities), these systems generically give rise to longitudinal magnetotransport. Restricting ourselves to the quantum limit (and assuming only the subspace of the ZLLs to be partially filled) and mainly accounting for Gaussian impurities, we show that the longitudinal magnetoconductivity (LMC) in all members of the Weyl family displays a positive linear-B scaling when the field is applied along the axis that separates the Weyl nodes. But, in double and triple WSM, LMC displays a smooth crossover to a nonlinear B dependence as the field is tilted away from such a high-symmetry direction. In addition, due to the enhanced density of states, the LL quantization can trigger instabilities toward the formation of translational symmetry-breaking density-wave orderings for sufficiently weak interaction (BCS instability), which gaps out the ZLLs. Concomitantly as the temperature (magnetic field) is gradually decreased (increased) the LMC becomes negative. Thus WSMs with arbitrary monopole charge (n) can host an intriguing interplay of LL quantization, longitudinal magnetotransport (a possible manifestation of one-dimensional chiral or axial anomaly), and density-wave ordering, when placed in a strong magnetic field.


This paper presents a control framework including delay estimator, state estimator, and controller to compensate for random time delays in cellular networks. The effect of network delay on the control of a quadrotor is investigated. A comparative study is done between a linear-based PD and nonlinear Backstepping controller. A time delay estimator based on the Markov stochastic model is developed. The combination of the time delay estimator and the state estimator is used to compute the control signal. Results show that the performance of both controllers in low-variation delays is approximately equivalent. According to the results, the linear-based PD controller is a good choice since it satisfies the problem conditions with a more straightforward design process.


121 Background: A number of phase 2 trials in men with BRPC have assessed the impact of non-hormonal agents on PSA kinetics. We have previously demonstrated that changes in PSA kinetics are correlated with metastasis-free survival; however, it is unknown whether these changes may also correlate with overall survival (OS). Methods: We performed a combined retrospective analysis of 146 men with BRPC treated on phase 2 trials using one of four investigational drugs: lenalidomide (n=60), marimastat (n=39), ATN-224 (n=22), and imatinib (n=25). We examined factors influencing OS, including within-subject changes in PSA kinetics (PSA slope, PSA doubling time, and PSA velocity) before and 6 months after treatment initiation. Results: After a median follow up of 77 months, 47 men had died. In univariate Cox regression analysis, four factors were associated with OS: prior androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), prior local radiotherapy, baseline PSA velocity, and change in PSA velocity after therapy. In a landmark mult...


This paper completely characterizes two public ownership solutions in convex production economies, known respectively as the Proportional Solution (PR), and the Equal Benefit Solution (EB), by adopting the axioms Moulin (1990a,b) discussed and introducing two other axioms, Pareto Independence (PI) and Support Price Independence (SPI).


In the article the authors suggest evaluating the level of diversification using Herfindahl-Hirschman index that reflects the economic activity concentration within the certain timespan. The study of the index in dynamics for Berezovsky company town located in Kemerovo region shows the downward tendency in economic activity concentration whereas its factors remain ambiguous. The research concludes that, on the one hand, a low level of investments in diversification projects does not act upon the diversification process, on the other hand, socio-economic targets of diversification does not correlate with economic structural changes. Thus the diversification process has low effectiveness.


Policedata is an important source of social media data and can be regarded as a technical assistance to increase government accountability and transparency. Notably, it contains large amounts of personal private information that should be preserved deliberately. However, sharing and publishing policedata through private or public cloud infrastructure are still faced with tremendously potential threats and challenges recently. Unfortunately, existing researches regarding privacy preserving data publishing (PPDP) fail to cope with the aforementioned problems. Our work aims to propose a systematic multi-level privacy preserving data publishing (ML-PPDP) architecture. Moreover, a personalised multi-level privacy preserving (pML-PPDP) mechanism that developed from the combination of k-anonymity, l-diversity, t-closeness and differential privacy is designed for policedata publishing. Our solution authorised users with different privileges to different privacy-preserving levels. Experimental results of pML-PPDP mechanism on datasets collected from policedata website are implemented under our proposed ML-PPDP architecture with satisfactory trade-off between privacy and utility.


A solution to get the problem off, have you found it? Really? What kind of solution do you resolve the problem? From what sources? Well, there are so many questions that we utter every day. No matter how you will get the solution, it will mean better. You can take the reference from some books. And the reinventing american health care how the affordable care act will improve our terribly complex blatantly unjust outrageously expensive grossly inefficient error prone system by emanuel ezekiel 2015 paperback is one book that we really recommend you to read, to get more solutions in solving this problem.


OBJECTIVE To understand the allele structure and genetic polymorphism at DXS 9898 short tandem repeat(STR) locus in the Korean-Chinese nationality of Yanbian area,and to construct a preliminary database.METHODS The venous blood with no sibship was taken from 294 cases(187 of male,107 of female) of Korean-Chinese nationality.The DXS 9898 short tandem STR locus was performed by using the techniques of PCR,polyacylamide gel electrophoresis and silver staining.RESULTS Eight allele were observed at DXS 9898 locus,and the distribution of genotypes fitted for the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.The statistical analysis of DXS 9898 ocus showed the heterozygosities was more than 0.523 4, the polymorphic information contents(PIC) was more than 0.540 0;the power discrimination(PD) and haoplotype diversity(HD) were more than 0.780 0 and 0.610 9,respectively.CONCLUSION The DXS 9898 locus in this study are found to have relative high PIC and PD,so DXS 9898 can provide useful markers for genetic purposes.


The observation and selection for rust-resistant germplasm in our inbred lines have been done at a serious disease region.And,on the basis of phenotype of hybrid progeny,the method for breeding disease-resistant varieties have been studied tentatively.


The moment of the COVID-19 pandemic has brought to the world the need to find forms of treatment and of prophylaxis to face the disease caused by the virus [1]. Among so many alternatives, an April 2020 study has shown to be promising in proposing the use of the drug Ivermectin, which in an in vitro study, presented a reduction in the amount of viral RNA, suggesting the possibility of efficacy in the treatment and in the prophylaxis of COVID-19. Nevertheless, the studies have not advanced from the in vitro phase [2]. This drug, approved by Anvisa, is a broadspectrum antiparasitic used clinically for onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis control in single doses of 150 to 200μg/kg. It has an excellent safety profile and, after oral administration, the plasma concentrations are, approximately, dose proportional. Therefore, the Ivermectin presents itself as a very fruitful drug and deserves a further research into possible human benefits, mainly due to the scarce drug interaction, which facilitates the treatment of people infected with Covid-19, if the administration of other drugs is needed concomitantly [3]. This study aims to analyze whether the population used Ivermectin prophylactically against Covid-19 with or without a guidance of a health professional and compare information sources for drug use.


The survival of bacteria, in their often unfavourable and frequently changing immediate environment, is enabled mainly by two factors: the bacterial stress responses and the bacterial molecular chaperones. This review article comprehensively explores the most significant bacterial stress response systems known so far and the part played by and the working mechanism of the bacterial chaperones in ensuring the survival of the bacteria in their immediate surroundings. The principal bacterial stress response systems explored in this review include: heat shock response (which is governed by Sigma 32 factor), pppGpp-dependent strict response (which decreases the synthesis of cellular proteins), cold shock response (which controls the expression of ribosomal and RNA chaperones factors), engulf stress response (which is controlled by sigma factor E) and the general stress response (which depends on sigma S factor). On the other hand, the paper explores the bacterial molecular chaperones as the bacteria's dynamic evasive mechanism of protecting themselves in adverse environment, for instance within the host organism, and thus controlling the entire infection process To this effect, the review focuses on the bacteria's response to a number of stressful environments, examples of bacteria that are well adapted to the intracellular environment within macrophages (this is considered to be the most stressful environment for bacteria) and finally, the various bacterial molecular chaperones and the role they play in the survival of the pathogenic bacteria within the host. ! 2015 Trade Science Inc. INDIA


The groundbreaking invention of carbon dioxide and oxygen electrodes in the 1950s resulted in the construction of the blood-gas analyzer by Severinghaus and Bradley in 1959.1 Since that time, blood-gas analysis has been established as a powerful diagnostic tool in critical care. When lightweight, portable analyzers were first introduced in 1995, we started testing them in our local physician-staffed emergency medical system in Graz, Austria.2 We have been using blood-gas analysis as a routine diagnostic procedure in prehospital emergency medicine and have gained experience with three different types of analyzers.3,4 The devices now available offer a wide range of functions, but the basic parameters measured are Po2, Pco2, and pH, with bicarbonate concentration and base excess recalculated. These parameters enable the emergency physician to detect a broad range of life-threatening respiratory disturbances and acid-base imbalances. Their early, exact diagnosis in the field, as well as in the emergency department, allows efficient, properly directed therapy.


We consider directed acyclic networks where each terminal requires sum of all the sources. Such a class of networks has been termed as sum-networks in the literature. A sum-network having m sources and n terminals has been termed as a ms/nt sum-network. There has been previous works on the capacity of sum-networks, specifically, it has been shown that the capacity of a 3s/3t sum-network is either 0,2/3 or ≥ 1. In this paper, we consider some generalizations of 3s/3t sum-networks, namely, ms/3t and 3s/nt sum-networks, where m, n ≥ 3. For ms/3t and 3s/nt sum-networks, where m, n ≥ 3, if the mincut between each source and each terminal is at least 1, the capacity is known to be at least 2/3. In this paper, we show that there exist ms/3t and 3s/nt sum-networks whose capacities lie between 2/3 and 1. Specifically, we show that for any positive integer k ≥ 2, there exists a ms/3t sum-network (and also a 3s/nt sum-network) whose capacity is k/k+1. We conjecture that the capacity of a ms/3t sum-network, where m > 3 (and also of a 3s/nt sum-network, where n > 3) is either 0, ≥ 1 or of the form k/k+1, where k is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2.


Lipase is a glycerol ester hydrolase that hydrolyzes esters of triglycerides. This study aimed to isolate, screen and characterize lipolytic fungi with lipA gene from soil environments. Fungi [molds and yeasts] were isolated from contaminated soil samples randomly collected from Palm oil mills, Abattoirs and Automobile servicing workshops in Eleme and Obio Akpor local governments in Rivers State, Nigeria using standard microbiological techniques. Qualitative Lipase screening assay was carried out on the fungal isolates through gel diffusion assay using Tributryin, Tween 80 and Olive oil respectively. Isolates with maximum zones of clearance were selected and screened for Lipase gene for hydrolysis of triacylglyceride [lipA gene] through Lipase gene amplification and were identified by Internal Transcribed Spacer characterization.
A total of 96 fungal isolates were obtained, lipolytic screening showed 57 lipolytic strains in which 21 lipolytic fungal strains were screened from contaminated soil from palm oil mills, 17 lipolytic strains from abattoirs and 19 lipolytic strains from automobile workshops respectively. Seven isolates with maximum zones of clearance showed lipA gene in their genomic DNA and were identified as Candida orthopsilosis PMS3 [Accession No: OL546803], Fusarium proliferatum PMS4 [Accession No: OL546804], Saccharomyces cerevisiae PMS8 [Accession No: OL546805], Penicillium paxilli ABS8 [Accession No: OL546799], Pichia kudriavzevii ENS1 [Accession No: OL546800] Aspergillus niger ENS3 [Accession No: OL546801] and Trichoderma viride ENS5 [Accession No: OL546802].
This study showed that soil fungi are potential producers of biotechnologically important lipase with diverse industrial applications.


Laboratory test results are used to inform decisions on the diagnosis and treatment of disease. Consistent and comparable results from different measurement procedures are important for developing clinical practice guidelines and for those guidelines to be applied to decisions about patient care. ISO document 17511:2003 ( In vitro diagnostic medical devices -- Measurement of quantities in biological samples -- Metrological traceability of values assigned to calibrators and control materials ) states that calibration of routine clinical laboratory measurement procedures be traceable to higher-order reference materials and reference measurement procedures. Such traceability can achieve consistent and comparable results that are sustainable over time and among different measurement procedures.

The terms "standardized" and "harmonized" are frequently used interchangeably to refer to the condition in which results are consistent and comparable among different measurement procedures. "Standardized" refers to the condition in which calibration is traceable to a reference measurement procedure that is typically calibrated with an appropriate reference material. There are situations in which the reference measurement procedure defines the analyte without any primary reference material (e.g., enzyme activity). Standardization has the advantage of trustworthy reproducibility over time and location, because the reference measurement procedure provides a stable anchor for calibration traceability of routine clinical laboratory procedures. "Harmonized" is a more general term. It may include the standardized condition, but it also includes the condition in which results are consistent and comparable in the absence of a reference measurement procedure. The process of harmonization typically depends on the availability of a suitable reference material that can be used as a common calibrator among routine clinical laboratory measurement procedures.

Despite the availability of reference measurement procedures and reference materials, results for many analytes are neither consistent nor comparable when measured with different clinical laboratory procedures. In this Q&A, experts in harmonization of test results offer their …


In a study in Sydney, Australia, exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) particles and respirable suspended particles (RSP) for 319 self-reported non-smokers was assessed by personal monitoring. The subjects were sepa rated into four distinct groups for investigation: Home, Work, Elsewhere, and 24-Hour, which were further sub-divided based on whether they lived or worked with smokers. Saliva samples for cotinine analysis were taken at the start and end of each monitoring session. Good correlations (R2 > 0.86) were found between the three methods used in this study to assess the contribution of ETS particles to RSP from all sources. Annual exposure estimates for ETS particles and nicotine in smoking homes were greater than in smoking work places. Median annual exposure in smoking homes and workplaces equates to less than 4 cigarette equivalents per year (CE·y-1). Exposures in non-smoking homes, non-smoking workplaces and away from the home and workplace were below the limit of quantification for most subjects. Based on the 90th percen tile, the highest exposed subjects would potentially inhale no more than 15 CE·y-1. Subjects living with smokers had greater ETS exposure while away from home and work compared to subjects living with non-smokers. This Else where group were also exposed to the highest RSP concentrations. Question naire data indicated that subjects consider bars/restaurants to be the locations where they are exposed to most ETS in their daily lives. However, 62% of these subjects considered their exposure in these locations to be 'none' or 'very low' during the monitoring period. Saliva cotinine determinations would appear to be a good marker for evaluation of ETS exposure at 90th percentile levels. Out of 331 subjects recruited as non-smokers, 6 (1.8%) misreported their non-smoking status as demonstrated by their saliva cotinine level.


This relationship between Others and Object, basically, represents transformation from top to bottom caused by the power of Others, which means that traditional Chinese musics, as a giant treasure house, is sensed differently by different Others. In this context, the Nation regards it as a symbol of national identity; political parties find a tool for political propaganda; theater companies find repertoires for adaptation and performance; composers find source material for music creation; scholars (musicologists) find evidence that supports their analysis and educators find a source for teaching materials. Due to the commercial involvement of contemporary media and tourism, all this would be considered as resources that can be converted to capital...The so-called transformation means reconstructed or remodeled folk musics by Others, as a result of transformation from top to bottom. If using a classical Chinese saying, different Others can "select the essence and discard dross" of folk musics at their own disposal.


This study investigated the claim that humans will readily form team relationships with computers. Drawing from the group dynamic literature in human-human interactions, a laboratory experiment (n=56) manipulated identity and interdependence to create team affiliation in a human-computer interaction. The data show that subjects who are told they are interdependent with the computer affiliate with the computer as a team. The data also show that the effects of being in a team with a computer are the same as the effects of being in a team with another human: subjects in the interdependence conditions perceived the computer to be more similar to themselves, saw themselves as more cooperative, were more open to influence from the computer, thought the information from the computer was of higher quality, found the information from the computer friendlier, and conformed more to the computer's information. Subjects in the identity conditions showed neither team affiliation nor the effects of team affiliation.


My very first assignment in graduate school was to find and critique an article from Communication Monographs. Ever since, I have considered Monographs to be at the forefront of scholarly excellence and innovation in our field, so I am honored now to assume stewardship of this prestigious journal and am grateful to my colleagues for entrusting this responsibility to me. In this transition, the journal leaves the capable hands of my colleague, Dr. Kathy Miller. Under her guidance as Editor-in-Chief, the journal saw its Impact Factor rise to its current level of 2.54, the highest in its history. Dr. Miller's thoughtful and judicious work has benefited not only those of us in the field today but also those who will join us in the years to come (and who will, perhaps, critique an article from one of her issues in their first graduate courses). On behalf of the discipline, I thank Dr. Miller and her editorial board for their selfless contributions to the journal. The landscape of our scholarly work looks markedly different than it did when the article I critiqued was published. Our methods of collecting and analyzing data are certainly more sophisticated—and of course, we now study communication channels that didn't exist only a few decades ago. I wonder, however, whether a bit of selfreflection regarding our research practices would be beneficial.Monographs is the third journal for which I have served as editor or associate editor, and in that time, I have noticed some trends that I think are worth examining. These relate to the clarity of our measurement and the complexity of our analyses. Many of these issues apply to my own scholarship as well, so I am by no means immune to the need for self-reflection. For instance, we claim to study gender differences, but often we do not. Our field usually defines gender as consisting of the culturally prescribed expectations for appropriate behavior that are typically assigned to individuals based on their biological sex. Stereotypically, men adopt a masculine gender and women adopt a feminine gender, although we understand gender to be fluid, meaning that anyone (regardless of sex) can be masculine, feminine, and/or androgynous. It is common for communication studies to claim to examine "gender differences" in some outcome—but in nearly every instance, such claims are tested by comparing male and female participants to each other. That type of comparison tests for sex differences, not gender differences. Communication Monographs Vol. 81, No. 1, March 2014, pp. 1–3


In the study, xianchenduo orange juice beverage of prodigious vendition in the market was used as raw material, the variety and quantity of the volatile components in orange juice beverage were analyzed using GC-MS coupled with solid phase microextraction (SPME). The difference of their aroma components in variety and quantity with baxichen orange juice beverage processed was compared.Theoretical evidence to adjust and control volatile of orange juice beverage was provided as well.


ters daily consumed had been calculated, it was thought better to present this amount generally as food and drink according to the common mode of speaking, where at least the whole amount is not far from accurate, than to speak of decimal parts of ounces where there were grounds for doubting the correctness of the integers. The aggregate amount is tolerably correct, and though the division into food and drink, here adopted for the above reasons, does not coincide with the exact division of fluid and solid, yet an approximation can be made where desirable, from the data prefixed to any change of diet ;?the tables appear forbidding enough in their present form without the long daily dietary with which the original notes are encumbered.


Carding is a common web-forming process used for staple fibers in the nonwovens industry. Staple fibers may be produced in many different lengths. However, the effect of staple fiber length on the nonwoven carding process and structure–property relationships of carded, hydroentangled nonwoven fabrics is not well understood. During this research, polypropylene fibers with lengths ranging from 2.54 to 15.24 cm were produced, carded, and bonded by hydroentangling. All fiber lengths used during this research were successfully carded. Fabrics were characterized via scanning electron microscopy analysis as well as basis weight, thickness, and solid volume fraction measurements. Fabric performance was evaluated with air permeability and burst strength testing. Data sets were statistically evaluated with one-way and two-way analysis of variance to determine whether fiber length significantly affected fabric structure and properties. In general, the fabrics' solid volume fractions and burst strengths were not significantly affected by fiber length. However, air permeability of the samples did show significant change with fiber length.


The utility model discloses a counter drawing-pressing two-way synchronous load test platform which belongs to the material testing device field. The load test platform comprises two shafts of a drive shaft and a driven shaft, wherein, the drive shaft is fixed with two drive wheels which are respectively meshed with two driven wheels on the driven shaft. The driven shaft is provided with a spiral propeller and a spiral pull rod at the left, a sample is arranged at a middle section, one end of the sample is connected with the spiral propeller, and the other end is connected with a loading sensor and the spiral propeller, power is supplied by an electric motor screw gearing, a displacement extensometer is snapped at the middle section of the sample, the upper part of the displacement extensometer is provided with an optical imaging system, and the lower part is provided with a three dimensional adjusting platform. Coaxial drive and coaxial counter drawing-pressing are utilized, thus the center part of the sample remains the same, so as to observe and take a photograph.