The quality control of observation data is an important link in the entire meteorological observation service system chain. The reactive gas observation is different from the observation of other meteorological elements in general, especially the special operations such as periodic zero / span inspection and multi-point calibration involved in instrument observation, and the quality control corresponding to its data is also special character. The main purpose of this article is to find the most effective quality control method for quality control of reactive gas observation data. Six types of quality control methods are used to perform quality control on reactive gas observation data, including extreme value check, triple standard deviation method, zero-span identification method, internal consistency check, time change check, and comprehensive identification check. By comprehensively identifying the data quality control result identification code given by each method, the quality control status of the data is finally determined. The quality control data used are the observation data of Beijing Shangdianzi atmospheric background station in 2018. Conclusion: A comparison of longsequence, multi-site analysis of the data after quality control using 6 methods and the data processed by a single method can draw conclusions. The multi-method comprehensive quality control results are superior to a single traditional meteorological observation data quality control method, which will cause fewer false judgments on the data and ensure the best quality control results of the observation data


Two front node member (1) for connection to the vehicle body, to be connected to each other by a cross member (3) - The present invention relates to a sub-frame for automobile, and spaced from each other in the vehicle transverse direction (y) and the front sub-frame a cross member (3) at least one functional element (28), in particular, the torsion vehicle wheel suspension by a rotation actuator, and the functional element are adjacent to the extending-and the vehicle transverse direction (y) in the sub-frame It is applied to the torsion spring to act. According to the invention, sub-frame and the transverse member (3) has a function element (28), having an opening to provide an additional installation space projecting into its interior, at least in part.


Angular anisotropy techniques for cosmic diffuse radiation maps are powerful probes, even for quite small data sets. A popular observable is the angular power spectrum; we present a detailed study applicable to any unbinned source skymap S(n) from which N random, independent events are observed. Its exact variance, which is due to the finite statistics, depends only on S(n) and N; we also derive an unbiased estimator of the variance from the data. First-order effects agree with previous analytic estimates. Importantly, heretofore unidentified higher-order effects are found to contribute to the variance and may cause the uncertainty to be significantly larger than previous analytic estimates—potentially orders of magnitude larger. Neglect of these higher-order terms, when significant, may result in a spurious detection of the power spectrum. On the other hand, this would indicate the presence of higher-order spatial correlations, such as a large bispectrum, providing new clues about the sources. Numerical simulations are shown to support these conclusions. Applying the formalism to an ensemble of Gaussian-distributed skymaps, the noise-dominated part of the power spectrum uncertainty is significantly increased at high multipoles by the new, higher-order effects. This work is important for harmonic analyses of the distributions of diffuse high-energy -rays, neutrinos, and charged cosmic rays, as well as for populations of sparse point sources such as active galactic nuclei.


1. A system for collecting the thermal energy in the electricity generation, comprising: a first compressor configured to release first compressed heated air stream, a heat exchanger connected to the first compressor and adapted to receive the first compressed heated air stream and to transmit the thermal energy from said stream of air oil, at least one pump connected to a heat exchanger and adapted to transfer the heated oil in the closed system of lukewarm exchanger in the insulated tank, the second compressor coupled to the heat exchanger and configured to release second compressed heated air flow energy storage device coupled to the second compressor and adapted to accumulate heat energy from the second compressed heated air stream, the capacitance connected to the storage device energy and configured to store the cooled compressed air received from the power storage device, and the possibility Strongly selective release of cooled pressurized air back into the system power production, iizolirovanny reservoir fluidly connected to said at least one pump and adapted to store the heated oil and to transmit the thermal energy from the heated oil to a cooled compressed vozduhu.2. The system of claim 1, wherein the container is a polost.3. The system of claim 1, wherein the closed system is connected to the oil isolated rezervuarom.4. The system of claim 1, further comprising: a pump r


Implementing the unified and decentralized management system is a basic system that must be adhered to for a long time in our countrys rural economic development. Developing collective economy in line with local conditions and strengthening it are the main content of improving the unified and decentralized management system. Establishing a sound socialized service system is the important way and measure of perfecting the unified and decentralized management system.


On page
 459, Japanese geophysicists report that one of the world9s fastest computers has pushed their geodynamo model into a new regime, in which for the first time a crucial aspect of the behavior of Earth9s core matches theoretical expectations.


The problem of constructing a cross section of reflectivity from the wave field recorded at the surface of the medium is discussed with particular reference to migration of seismic records. The numerical procedures are formulated in the frequency and wavenumber domain. The operations are defined in a fixed coordinate system, whereas finite difference methods require a downward-moving reference frame. The numerical algorithms in the frequency wavenumber domain are simpler and give more accurate results than finite difference methods. This is particularly true when the lateral velocity variation in the medium can be neglected. In this case the downward wave extrapolation is accomplished by implementing a phase change in the Fourier coefficients. Numerically, this is equivalent to a multiplication by a complex number of unit modulus. There is no stability condition associated with this operation. This means that the source and recorder positions can be lowered by any amount within one computational step.


The paper discusses the justification for the design of three major structures and their construction as part of the A 86 expressway construction south of Paris. Geology of the terrain for road construction presents alluvium with gypsum formation under Ducy horizon. In these layers karstification and sediment dissolution is always present. To achieve stability and to save the foundation with the least cost, pile foundations were chosen. During construction work the foundation bearing capacities and soil stability were monitored and compared with design specifications. The results correspond to the design values.


Purpose: To evaluate, through histomorphometric analysis in critical bone defect, the osteogenic behavior of new glass-ceramic biomaterials in granules, named different from pseudowollastonite (p-W) and beta tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP). Methods: Forty Wistar rats were randomly distributed into 4 groups, with 5 animals in each group recovered at 15 and 45 days: G20/80 (20% p-wollastonite and 80% β-tricalcium phosphate); G60/40 (60% p-W and 40% β-TCP); G80/20 (80% p-W and 20% β-TCP); and CG (control group). Results: A histomorphological analysis showed that, in all rules, the composites were biocompatible and bioactive. The G60/40 presents osteoid matrix deposition in 65% of the bone defect at 45 days. While the other groups formed similar percentages of bone neoformation in both biological points. Conclusion: The studied composites are biocompatible, fillers and osteoconductive.


Concerning the disadvantages of the traditional gait recognition method based on optical flow,such as complex system and low recognition rate.This paper proposed an improved model-free method—the spatial distribution of the optical flow to descript and recognize moving target.First,it computed dense optical flow for each image in a sequence and derive scale-independent scalar features which characterized the spatial distribution of the flow.Then,it analyzed periodic structure of these sequences of scalars.The scalar sequences for an image sequence has the same fundamental period but differ in phase.The phase feature vectors could be used to recognize individuals.Lastly,for each sample,trained the average of feature vectors as cluster centers.Sequences were classified to the nearest class based on the nearest neighbor rule.The experiment results show that,in the CASIA gait database,90% recognition rate or higher can be reached.


Geolocation technologies are used in location-based alarm systems to provide the geographical location of a target on a represented space in real time. These technologies are becoming part of the welfare technology strategy of Norwegian municipalities to help citizens by knowing their physical location at a specific time. This paper presents a usability study with 11 participants of a new version of a geolocation alarm system installed in several Norwegian municipalities. The evaluation comprised usability tests and exploratory sessions with representatives of two user groups: operators and administrators of the alarm system. The evaluation found minor and major errors in the software and hardware components of the system, but none catastrophic. The findings informed a subsequent iteration of development of the system that addressed the errors found in the usability evaluation. The updated version of the system has been recently deployed in around 50 Norwegian municipalities.


Do male students in principles of economics courses outperform female students? The economic education literature is replete with studies suggesting that male performance – as measured by final course grades or grades on standardized tests – exceeds female performance. Recent studies, however, indicate a narrowing of this gender gap when additional attributes such as personality traits, expectations, and/or motivation are included in the traditional education production function. Using a sample of students from principles of economics courses taught at Mount Royal University in Calgary, Alberta, this study investigates the relationship between gender and performance accounting for several different measures of abilities and attributes. Adopting the VARK (visual, aural, reading/writing, and kinesthetic) inventory as a representation of student learning styles, we find a reversal of the gender gap; female students outperform male students.


Having a first deck section integrally including a multi-stage evaporator system, a second deck section integrally including a multi-stage condensation system, and a third deck portion for accommodating the power generation equipment, and cold water pipe, a cold water pipe connection, offshore power generation structure, including the underwater part. Aspect of the present invention is directed to a power plant utilizing ocean thermal energy conversion process. A further aspect of the present invention, reduced parasitic load, better stability, relates to offshore OTEC plants with an overall improved efficiency with lower construction and operating costs, and improved environmental emissions.


Four solar cosmic ray events which occurred on November 22, 1977, May 7, 1978, June 3, 1982, and February 16, 1984, have been analyzed using data from near-Earth spacecraft and ground-based neutron monitors to study the acceleration of solar protons. For May 7, 1978, and February 16, 1984, the scattering mean free path of the protons in the interplanetary medium between the Sun and the Earth was greater than or equal to 2 AU. Therefore, direct information was obtained about the acceleration of the flare particles at the Sun and their release into the interplanetary magnetic field. The authors found that the intensity-time profiles observed at Earth for more than an hour after onsets for the May 7, 1978, and February 16, 1984, solar cosmic ray events represent the solar injection profiles even to energies as low as 20-MeV. The energy dependence of the onset time for the May 1978, June 1982, and February 1984 events indicates that the first low energy protons ({approximately}50-MeV) were accelerated at least 5 min earlier than the first relativistic protons. The duration of the injection of the solar protons into the interplanetary medium (or acceleration) depended upon energy for the November 1977, May 1978,more » and February 1984 events, ranging from about 40 min at 2-MeV to about 500 min at 10-MeV and was proportional to {radical}1/E. The deduced solar proton energy spectra at the Earth for these latter three events are similar. They conclude that for the solar cosmic ray events on November 22, 1977, May 7, 1978, June 3, 1982, and February 16, 1984, there are strong indications for shock acceleration of the solar protons. The presence of large scale coronal shocks was directly observed in the May 1978 and February 1984 solar cosmic ray events. However, by the present analysis they cannot determine whether or not stochastic acceleration of the protons in the downstream region of the shock took place in addition to the diffusive coronal shock acceleration.« less


Via a summary of the characteristics of Building Construction courses,this paper analyzes the present situation of this course,social requirement for innovative talents and offers a comprehensive reform in teaching model,teaching content,teaching methods as well as a construction teaching platform.The results show that this innovation has improved teachers' competence,highlighted course features and won students' recognition.


Electronic structure calculations have been carried out using Extended Huckel tight-binding method for 2H—MoTe2 for the cases both unrotated and with rotated planes. It has been found that relative rotations of the tellurium layers ranging from 5 to 16 degrees have the same total energies and total energies/atom as the unrotated structure. Moreover, an increased in metallic behavior has been observed, as long as the degrees of rotated planes are increased. Finally, good agreement has been found among previous experimental measurements in the diffraction pattern of irradiated MoTe2 and our calculated 5, 6 and 7 degrees of rotations.


An interactive system collects noise from a public place and transforms it into content for a public orchestration: the noise is split in specific sounds which are recomposed through sonic interface in a new soundscape. The SoundCam is the most visible part of the Recycling Soundscapes system. It rotates scanning a public space and gives the possibility to spy and to record audio details and voices in the space, even at the big distance. Paradoxically the people in the context involuntary become the center of auditory attention, while the importance of spy fades as the voices start coming out from Sonic Bowls. The Sonic Bowls are instruments that invite passers-by to play with sounds coming from their environment: birds, footsteps, voices. These are collaboratively composed into a new soundscape through SonicBowl interface. The voices are played back randomly as surprise voice messages and build the sound memory of the place. http://www.interaction-ivrea.it/theses/2003-04/architectureofsubtraction/ReSound.htm


Introduction. The purpose of the work was to study the influence of different conditions of rearing and housing of the first calving cows on their productivity, reproductive capacity and stayability during lactation at the current stage of breeding.
Materials and methods of research. The work was carried out based on the data of four breeding plants for the breeding of Ukrainian black and white dairy cows. The data of 3.610 first calving cows that calved during the last six years were analyzed. Statistical processing of the obtained data was carried out by the method of two-factor variance analysis using computer programs. During the analysis, the data were divided by the age of first fertilization and the average daily gain before fertilization. Only animals with a duration of lactation of more than 200 days were selected to determine productivity indicators for lactation. The stayability was determined for the first 10 months of lactation. In determining the probability of abortion and stillbirth, calvings with stillborn calves and abortions after which lactation began are taken into account.
Research results. It was established that the live weight of first calving cows, regardless of the housing, increased proportionally to the intensity of their growing. In stall housing, the live weight of first servis that were fertilized at different ages had no significant differences, while in free stall housing, the first calving cows that were inseminated before the age of 470 days had an advantage of 12–19 kg.
In terms of milk yield for 305 days of lactation, the first calving cow that were kept tethered and were fertilized at an earlier age exceeded the animals of other groups by 29–148 kg of milk, and those kept without tethering by 564–989 kg. Intensively reared animals produced 244–539 kg of milk more when tethered, and when tethered, this difference was significantly greater and amounted to 530–1081 kg, compared to first calving cow with an increase of less than 800 g. A reading has been established for the trend of increasing the milk yields from the changes in the first fertilization. The intensity of the growth of the heifers before the flooding also has a positive impact on their day milk yield.
The probability of unsuccessful calving does not depend on the age of the first insemination in stall housing, but in free housing, animals that were inseminated before 470 days of age had 36–46% more unfavorable results with calving than those that were inseminated in older age The probability of abortion and the birth of a dead calf during stall housing heifers with different intensities of growing before fertilization also had no significant differences, and during free housing heifers with an average daily gain of more than 800 g had 7–9 more cases of unsuccessful calving, calculated on 100 animal compared to heifers with a lower intensity of growing.
Conclusions. Increasing the intensity of raising heifers and reducing the age of first insemination contribute to increasing their productivity. It is necessary to carry out constant monitoring of repair youngsters for fatness and to prevent obesity. It leads to a decrease in reproductive capacity, unfavorable calving and, as a result, an increase in the probability of culling in the first lactation, especially in in free housing.


Establishment of high-efficient tissue culture reproduction systems of poplar provided materials and basic means for such multipurpose studies as selection and breeding of fine varieties and genetic transformation.Bacteria-free plants were obtained through different external plants by using 1/2 MS basic cultural medium, and successive and rooting plants were obtained through selection of cultural medium formula, materials selected from different parts of cultural plants were induced to form the reproducing plants, which were optimized to establish the high-efficient tissue culture reproduction systems of black poplar group.


Hospital social worker was one of important parts in cross-discipline,cross-major and cross-domain medical team,and played a strategic role in healthcare system and hospital quality management.Furthermore,hospital social worker could make great health economic contribution by health education,social capital mobilization,and medical disputes prevention and relief.


Cationic amphiphilic drugs (CAD) are structurally characterized by their hydrophobic ring structure and hydrophilic side chain. While there is little known about the effect of CAD in dogs, studies in animal models have shown that over 30 CAD with various pharmacological activities have the ability to induce phospholipid-like inclusions in peripheral blood cells and in organs such as lung, liver, eye and spleen. Two CAD used for treatment of human disease are amiodarone, prescribed for arrythmia, and chloroquine, an antimalarial. The purpose of this study was to determine if these compounds induce cytoplasmic phospholipid inclusions in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), polymorphonuclear lymphocytes (PMN), alveloar macrophages, liver and retina in dogs. Samples were collected from male beagle dogs after 6 weeks of oral dosing with amiodarone (75 mg/kg/day) or chloroquine (75 mg/kg/day). Buffy coats were prepared from peripheral blood and fixed with 3% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.2. Alveolar macrophages were recovered from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid by centrifugation and the pellets fixed with buffered 2.5% glutaraldehyde-2% formaldehyde.


In this paper we discuss two explicit finite difference schemes, namely a first order upwind scheme and a second order high resolution scheme, for solving a hierarchical size-structured population model with nonlinear growth, mortality, and reproduction rates. We prove stability and convergence for both schemes and provide numerical examples to demonstrate their capability in solving smooth and discontinuous solutions.


How do architects learn about a building-to-be? How does a building emerge and gain reality in the model shop, in scaling, in option making, in architects' - and engineers' - discussions, in public presentations? What does it mean to design? What does it mean to add a building to the city? Drawing on rare ethnographical material of architects at work at the Office for Metropolitan Architecture (OMA) of Rem Koolhaas in Rotterdam in the period 2001-4, this book offers a novel account of the social and cognitive complexity of architecture in the making. The author dismisses both stylistic periodization and socio-political constructivist methods as being inadequate to the task of understanding the dynamic process of how architects generate design through space and materiality, instead showcasing the potentials of the pragmatist approach as a research tool in the field of architecture. Offering a new way of understanding architecture as practice that takes place within the interactive networks of human and non-human actors, the book also tells the intriguing story of the extensions of the Whitney Museum of American Art in New York.


Rarefied gas-particle two-phase plume in which the phase of particles is liquid or solid flows from a solid propellant rocket of hypersonic vehicle flying at high altitudes, the aluminum oxide particulates not only impact the rarefied gas flow properties, but also make a great difference to plume radiation signature, so the radiation prediction of the rarefied gas-particle two-phase plume flow is very important for space target detection of hypersonic vehicles. Accordingly, this project aims to study the rarefied gas-particle two-phase flow and ultraviolet radiation (UV) characteristics. Considering a two-way interphase coupling of momentum and energy, the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method is developed for particle phase change and the particle flow, including particulate collision, coalescence as well as separation, and a Monte Carlo ray trace model is implemented for the particulate UV radiation. A program for the numerical simulation of the gas-particle two-phase flow and radiation in which t...


The phenols wastewater pollution from chemical and pharmaceutical industry on environment becomes serious.Activated carbon fibers(ACF)as a new kind of fibrous adsorbent has been on exeillent candidate for waste water treatment due to its specific surface area,pore diameter,pore size distribution and cellular structure,and it's adsorption equipment is smiple and low energy consumption.In this study,adsorption-desorption of ACF and regular pattern of phenols were explored under static condition.The results indicate that 4 h adsorption time,faintly acid and low temperture promote the adsorption,and obtaining the exact equilibrium adsorption capacity.NaOH was confirmcd to be on efficient desoption regeneration agent.


Avalanche size is a key parameter in avalanche danger rating as well as in the communication between technicians. In 2009 the European Avalanche Warning Services (EAWS) adopted the Canadian Destructive Avalanche Size Scale (Perla 1980) but with some changes: for example, the numerical rating used in Canada and the US was substituted by the descriptive terms 'sluff', 'small', 'medium', 'large' and 'very large'. In 2010 an additional column was introduced in order to include the characteristics of the avalanche runout. To evaluate the uniformity in the use of the said scale, a survey questionnaire was sent out to all the EAWS avalanche centers and to different avalanche services in Canada. It comprised 18 avalanche cases with pictures, maps and basic morphological data. At the moment of performing this analysis, 70 surveys have been received back, 61 of which from 10 different European countries and 9 from Canada. Basic statistical description is hereby performed, including Mode, Mean and Standard Deviation. The results of the survey show a lack of uniformity in the classification of avalanche sizes within and between EAWS centers. In comparison, Canadian results are much more uniform. The cause of this lack of standardization in the European centers seems to be the absence of guidelines on how to use the scale as well as the additional parameters that were introduced in the European scale. The results of this survey are currently being used to improve the avalanche size scale used by the EAWS.


The mechanical power delivered by the motors of electrically propelled vehicles is almost always transmitted through gears to axles. The few exceptions are some gearless electric locomotives designed many years ago. Although the top speeds of vehicles and locomotives have increased materially since the inception of electric drive, the very nature of the service requires high tractive efforts in starting from standstill and at low speeds. In the case of transit vehicles, frequent stops require operation at relatively low speeds a large percentage of the time.


The main objective of this research was to determine the sociocultural level and selfmedication level of the users of the Ciudad De Gosen Health Post in the district of Villa María del Triunfo. The type of research was descriptive correlational, cross-sectional, with quantitative approach. With a sample of 106 users who come to the health post Ciudad de Gosen in the district of Villa María del Triunfo. The technique used was a survey, the instrument being a questionnaire, validated by three experts and with a reliability of the sociocultural level instrument and self-medication using Cronbach's alpha of 859, having a good reliability. The results show that there is a positive relationship between the variables and it is also found in the moderate correlation level, the bilateral significance level being p <0.05, accepting the general hypothesis, concluding that the level of selfmedication is significantly related to the Socio-cultural level in the residents of the district Villa María del Triunfo.


This work has proposes to present a study that focuses on the particular discursive novel Sombra de reis barbudos, written by Jose J. Veiga based on the enunciation theories. To ahieve this, shall be used, especially enunciate theories introduced by Benveniste (1974-76) and Maingueneau (1997, 2005-06), it is still worth the consideration the following scholars: Anscombre (1976); Brait & Melo (2007); Cunha & Cintra (1985); Fairclough (1992); Fiorin (2005-06); Landowski (1989); Reis & Lopes (1988). After that did the trail of the veiguiana work; the review of criticism fortune and bound up the corpus of analysis, observing the fact that work contain peculiar characteristics to our investigation, to achieve this goal, it presents a theoretical conception of enunciation. Then, it's pointed out some enunciate peculiarities of the novel Sombra de reis barbudos. To final, it focused the oppressive traits present in the work. The results indicate that in the novel Sombra de reis barbudos, subject to the enunciate state assumes a kind of social ritual of language implied, shared by the partners. Therefore, the narrative schemes are assumed by the enunciate subject that convert into a speech marked by oppression. Finally, the analysis indicates that the veiguiano speech, it simulates up the times, people and spaces of the world, but at the same time destabilise up these categories, make new directions in a simulation a vertigo temporal, spatial and actorial.


Now, we are in Asean Economic society. It means every man is demanded to improve him/herself, undergoing severe training as a competitive person in order to not be marginalized in MEA. Catehist as the part of society is also included in this insist. So, the catechists must perform theirself competitively and professionally. As a professional, chatechist must have the standard of expert and certain competency in running their profession.The consequences of prefession is contract of employment, namely doing the job in compliance with minimal demand rewarded and decided standard. Beside it, pastoral as a profession has etiher inside or outside competition. The outside competitions such as the the better capability and skill.
Through this article, Christian Dahurandi presents the ideal concept about the ideal, professional and competitive chatechist in coping with MEA. At least, the writer suggests that in relation with inside competition, pastoral agent must competitive and creative in obtaining the job opportunity. The pastoral profession will face the global market context that current to free trade are in MEA asociation.


Objective To explore an effective assessment tools of falls for the elderly in China.Methods A sample of 118 inpatients over 60 years old and a sample of 142 healthy community-dwelling aged people were recruited to complete a Modified Falls Efficacy Scale (Chinese version).Results High reliability (0.9774) and discriminate validity were found in the scale.Conclusions The Modified Fall Efficacy Scale (Chinese version) is effective and can be used to quantify fall efficacy for the aged people in China. Identification of the elderly with a high fall risk can lead to an appropriate intervention program.


Abstract The current understanding of platform expansion is based upon the experience of US West Coast firms. China, with its largely protected but enormous internal market, provides an ideal 'experiment' for examining how platform business models might develop different evolutionary trajectories in different environments. Based upon a study of the two largest platform firms, Tencent and Alibaba, and the far smaller but dominant Chinese online travel agency platform, Trip.com, we demonstrate that a different business model has emerged in China. In contrast to the West Coast model—in which the expansion occurs through internal development and introduction, acquisition, and venture capital investment—Chinese firms have employed two other strategies. The first is listing some of their existing operations separately on the stock market (what we term a 'sell off') but not giving up control. The second strategy is interfirm cross investments. The use of these two strategies has led to the formation of an organizational form, that we term the 'platform business group (PBG)', which extends and transforms the existing Chinese business group model. We discuss the environmental conditions that enable PBGs to pursue business strategies in a different manner than their Western counterparts and to identify the key conditions that allowed the PBG model to develop. Our extension of platform studies to China enriches and extends theoretical and practical understanding of Chinese platforms. Finally, we discuss the difficulties that PBG firms face in employing their business model internationally.


【Objective】 The research determined the classification and systemic evolution status of entomopathogenic bacteria YL001 and YL002,and laid the foundation for further research,development and application of such biological resource.【Method】 Molecular identification was done for YL001 and YL002 strain,the complete 16S rRNA sequence was amplified and cloned;Sequence and phylogenetical analysis were studied with parameters determination.【Result】 Strains YL001 and YL002 formed a monophyletic clade with strains of X.nematophilus with sequence homology outweighing 99% and the sequence homology to genus Photorhabdus outweighing 94%.The lag,logarithmic,stationary and contabescence phase of the two bacteria were 0-6,6-18,18-66 and 66 h respectively;pH of strains YL001 and YL002 reduced to 5.70 and 5.56 at 12 h,respectively,and then rose gradually to 7.74 and 8.07 respectively when culture finished.Glucose content reduced quickly during 0-18 h,and then kept stable.Amido nitrogen content reached the lowest at 12 h and then rose slowly.YL001 exhibited the highest inhibitory effects at 54 h and YL002 exhibited highest inhibitory effects at 42 and 66 h respectively on B.cirerea and B.subtilis.【Conclusion】 Strains YL001 and YL002 belonged to X.nematophilus.Cultivation characteristics of strains YL001 and YL002 were in accordance with the general disciplines of bacteria growth and metabolism,and the optimum fermentation period was 54 and 66 h respectively.


The use of modern complexes for calculating the designed pipeline systems and for predicting their behavior for a period of more than ten years is necessary in modern conditions of the constantly developing hydrocarbon market and the development of new northern territories for greater oil production. It will allow avoiding accidents and environmental disasters that have become more frequent in recent years due to the deterioration of existing equipment. The article presents a method for monitoring the main reliability parameters of underground oil pipelines, taking into account changes in soil foundations, mainly in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. An oil pipeline section is considered as an object for monitoring of heat engineering processes and their influence on the reliability of the system. We describe the main results of calculations of the oil pipeline section and simulate changes in soil foundations. We used a multilayer pipe with polyurethane foam insulation and coating for the calculations to improve the reliability characteristics. This pipe has showed the best results of modeling in comparison with the design pipe.


Car interior noise induced by windshield wiper system is tested for four different types of cars under high and low wiping speeds,and sound samples for subjective annoyance study are prepared.Grouped pair-wise comparison is adopted for the subjective evaluation test.The characteristic of subjective values and relation of four psychoacoustic parameters to the subjective annoyance are analyzed in two wiping speeds and various wiping patterns.The results indicate that the annoyance caused by wiper noise at high speed is higher than that at low speed,and downwards wiping noise is more annoying than upwards wiping noise.The work concluded that the subjective annoyance of noise from wiper system could be described by binaural loudness and fluctuation.


iv Chapter 1 A Historical Review of Medical Ethics Education 1 And a Determination of the Baseline Practices of Ethics Education in Otolaryngology Residency Training Chapter 2 Year One of a Pilot Program in the Wake Forest School 28 of Medicine Department of Otolaryngology: Clinical Ethics Education Chapter 3 Year Two of a Pilot Program in the Wake Forest School 51 of Medicine Department of Otolaryngology: Virtue Ethics Education Chapter 4 A Pilot Program in the Wake Forest School of Medicine 71 Department of Otolaryngology: Reflections Resources 77 Appendix A 82 Appendix B 90 Appendix C 108 Curriculum Vitae 110


We would like to thank Anmol Gupta and Norma Susswein Saks (2013) for their thought-provoking research article titled "Exploring medical student decisions regarding attending live lectures and using recorded lectures." Their study into such a controversial issue in medical education was of utmost interest to us as medical students. From our experiences as students this research study resonated with us and we share the same beliefs as the concluding remarks of this study state; that "recorded lectures provide an important resource for medical students to develop as independent, self-directed learners." We found the authors findings in regards to males using recorded lectures more than females fascinating and would be very interested to see research showing the reasoning behind this finding. Another aspect which we feel that the article did not mention as a factor is attention span. With live lectures, we have found that the lectures tend to be too long and our concentration begins to waver as the lecture goes on. This results in us not benefiting from the lecture to its full capacity and with the introduction of lecture recordings we find this dilemma to have been solved. With recordings, we are able to watch the lecture at our own pace so as to maintain concentration throughout and reap the maximum benefits. A study showed that there was no measurable difference in performance when comparing live versus recorded lectures and that those who viewed recorded lectures believed that they could replace live lectures (Solomon et al. 2004). Over the years, we have come across all types of medical students who study in a multitude of different ways and we believe that lectures should not be compulsory. Studying in a London medical school where lectures previously were recommended but not compulsory to now being compulsory, we can see the effect it has had on student's ability to manage their time and personalize their studying experience and thus removing a lot of the autonomy we once previously had. This is especially the case for those of us who are self-funding our degrees and as such have to work extra beyond normal part-time hours in order to pay for this. Thus having the flexibility to study and watch lectures at a time convenient to us really benefited our overall academic achievements and meant that we as working students are not at a disadvantage.


Correspondence to Dr Kehinde Olawale Ogunyemi; ogunyemikehinde89@ gmail. com © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. Reuse permitted under CC BYNC. No commercial reuse. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. Forecasting is an important aspect of decisionmaking in health and other social aspects of human life. Forecasting can simply be defined as the process of making probabilities about a realworld event using existing data built in a mathematical model. This understanding underpins why forecasting is sometimes used interchangeably with the word 'modelling'. Forecasting capacity describes a system that comprises of surveillance database, experts and relevant technologies, and it remains an indispensable workforce development need for promoting datadriven decisionmaking in health, as frequently advocated by the WHO. Generally, the usefulness and usability of forecasting is one that is not unknown or unbeneficial to most people across the world, particularly in nonemergency situations, from its use in daily weather reporting through global projections on economy, and diseases burden. Similarly, from epidemiological perspective, evidence from various forecasting models was observed to have played a major role to improve emergency response in past disease outbreaks (eg, Ebola) and towards the COVID19 pandemic in the areas not limited to SARSCoV2 patterns determination, containment and mitigation measures implementation, risk communication, resource management and vaccine development. Despite the demonstrated availability of forecasting capacity and its associated benefits on health protection at the global level, unfortunately, the ownership and usage of forecasting knowledge capita in public health emergency management remain significantly limited at the regional level as laid bare by the COVID19 pandemic, with Africa being the most disproportionately impacted region, despite having a record high figure of over 100 public health emergencies annually compared with other regions of the world. This disparity in forecasting capacity is reflected in current forecasting evidence on COVID19 pandemic, where most of the studies were either conducted in the developed regions or for Africa by foreign experts such as in a study by Frost and colleagues. In addition, while anecdotal evidence shows that forecasting capacity exists in some settings in Africa such as academia, governments, nongovernmental organisations (NGOs), this capacity is largely underresourced, uncoordinated and shortterm probably due to weak surveillance systems and lack of national emergency forecasting centres or forecasting units within the existing national public health institutes. Other reasons for the illdeveloped forecasting capacity in Africa could as well be attributed to the lack of political will and weak partnerships between the government and the academia, where most of the forecasting SUMMARY BOX


Financial crisis has seriously challenged rural vocational and technical education aiming at labor force export.Based on the present situation of rural vocational and technical education,positive elements motivating peasants to participate in vocational and technical education were analyzed and suggestions were made including starting with local resources,exploring major training program and curricula system suitable for local development,establishing effective information communicative mechanism and improving the predictability of rural vocational and technical education in order to improve rural human quality and peasants' standard of living.


This study investigated the opinions of a national sample of counselor education chairs and college of education deans regarding the advantages and disadvantages of faculty job sharing. Results showed favorable responses toward faculty job sharing from approximately half the sample, despite limited experience with job sharing. The study found few differences in perspectives between deans and counselor education chairs. With members of the American labor force working the equivalent of 320 hours more per year than what their western European counterparts work, work overload has become a significant problem (de Graaf, 2003; Schneider, 2000). Higher education faculty members are at risk for work overload because of the unbounded nature of the role, work-to-home spillage, and tension between teaching and research (Leinbaugh, Hazier, Bradley, & Hill, 2003). Clinical faculty members have the additional work burdens of time-intensive clinical supervision and pressure to remain current in direct service skills. Leinbaugh et al. (2003) noted that "occupational stressors negatively affect professionals in all occupations; these stressors may be especially detrimental, however, in the academic environment where faculty members are responsible for the psychological and experiential development of students" (p. 52). The negative consequences of work overload include increased risk of heart disease, marital distress, sleep disorders, depression, low morale related to poor child care arrangements, burnout, erosion of integrity, loneliness, alienation, vague anxiousness, fatigue, overeating, passionlessness, dissatisfaction with life, and child neglect (de Graaf, 2003; Schneider, 2000). The economic cost of overworking is calculated at more than $300 billion a year (de Graaf, 2003). Job sharing is one of a number of flexible work paradigms that could provide relief from work overload for faculty members with disabilities, young children, health problems, or elder care demands or for those seeking semiretirement (Magnuson, 2002; Mithers, 2006). A job share is an upgraded part-time contract in which two faculty members are jointly responsible for the workload of one position, and both individuals have rank, advancement opportunities, and benefits consistent with those of a full-time faculty member. Of critical importance in the success of faculty job sharing are the opinions of those in positions to influence hiring, primarily department chairs and deans. This study, a survey of counselor education chairs and college of education deans on attitudes toward faculty job sharing, was undertaken to investigate job sharing as a potential solution to faculty member work overload. Background Advantages of faculty job sharing include the opportunity to have quality time at work and quantity time at home (Wilson, 1995, p. A14), flexible schedules, the chance for families to live and work in the same locale (Schneider, 2000), greater production, an increased capacity to retain valued employees, a larger pool of prospective employees, and enhanced professional skills from job-share employees who use their nonwork time for professional development (Zabel, Friend, & Meringolo, 1992). Disadvantages include the potential for unequal treatment in promotion and tenure, an expectation that the job-share team be twice as productive, the potential for employees to be viewed as uncommitted professionals, margjnalization, hidden additional administrative costs, and clashing job styles or differences in quality standards between the two job sharers (Schneider, 2000). Method The survey sample consisted of 150 counselor education department chairs and 150 college of education deans randomly selected from the directory of counselor education programs (Clawson, Henderson, Schweiger, & Collins, 2004). The 31-item survey was literature based and piloted to faculty members who had an average of 15 years of experience. …


The problems of stability for single and large-scale uncertain systems including time-varying delays are considered. By applying the comparison theorem and some analytical methods, new delay-dependent sufficient conditions with linear state feedback controllers are derived. The stability criteria are delay-dependent and less conservative than delay-independent stability criteria and delay-dependent stability criteria when delay is small. The proposed stability criteria are relatively simple to check numerically and the result can be generalised to handle systems with uncertainties and those by allowing for time-varying delays.


Objective:To observe the effects of Yanghe Decoction on matrix metalloproteinase-l (MMP-1) and tissue inhibitor of metalloprotease-1 (TIMP-1) in cartilage of osteoarthritis rabbits. Methods:Twenty New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into normal group,model group,Osaminethacine group and Yanghe Decoction-treated group. The rabbit model of osteoarthritis was established according to Hulth's method. The rabbits were sacrificed at the 8th week after administration of Yanghe Decoction for 14 days,and then rabbit tibia articular cartilage was removed. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to investigate the expression of. MMP-1 and TIMP-1. Results:Immunohistochemical staining indicated that the expression of MMP-1 and TIMP-1 in model group was significantly increased as compared with that in normal group (P0.01),and also obviously higher than Yanghe Decoction-treated group (P0.05),but there was no significant difference between Yanghe Decoction-treated group and Osaminethacine group (P0.05). Conclusion:The effect of Yanghe Decoction on knee osteoarthritis may perform through regulating the degradation of extracellular matrix of the articular chondrocytes.


The history of the first comprehensive employee railroad safety law in 1893 is discussed. Some of the occupational hazards that existed on both steamboats and railroads. and the economic concerns of management, are examined. The problem posed by inadequate freight train brakes, the development of air brakes, and the provisions of the legislation ultimately passed by Congress are discussed.<<ETX>>


the taking and giving, you are conscious. You are responsible. You know. So when you decide to open the bottle, count pills out with your fingers, turn up the morphine with your thumb, switch the electric current off – or on, push the plunger of the syringe, shoot straight fast into the body of someone you don't know, release the catch of the bomb bay, cut down the field of ripened rye, pull off all the berries, pluck the reddest apples, cut the throat of the biggest ram or the smallest lamb, close the eyes of the very old dog, the senile cat who slept years in the curve of your back, you know. You know everything.


together form contemporary constitutional law, Nagel's book deserves our attention. And in his concern for the revival of a genuinely shared constitutional culture, together with his constant stress on the justice of paying close attention to the uniqueness of the individual legal case, Nagel exemplifies the attitude —or should I too say, the virtue —that once gave honor to the experience of common law.


There are two adsorbents used in this research. The first one is natural carbon from rambutan rods and the other is the carbon rambutan rods that were synthesized and used nitric acid as a modifying agent. The performance of the modified carbon rambutan rods (MCRR) and natural carbon rambutan rods (NCRR) was characterized by SEM-EDX, FTIR, and AAS. Cu (II) adsorption from aqueous solutions with MCRR and NCRR was studied at varying adsorbent doses, initial Cu (II) concentration, and stirring speed. The batch equilibrium data fitted well to the Langmuir isotherm. The maximum adsorption capacity of MCRR and NCRR for Cu (II) was 5.504 mg/g (100/200 mesh, 70 ppm, 150 rpm) and 3.347 mg/g (100/200 mesh, 70 ppm, 150 rpm). MCRR was relatively large compared to NCRR as reported. Kinetic data were best fitted with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The intra-particle diffusion model was applied to investigate the adsorption mechanisms. The obtained thermodynamic parameters showed that Cu (II) adsorption onto the adsorbent was a chemical interaction process. These results showed that the carbon from modified rambutan rods could be considered as a potential adsorbent for the removal of Cu (II) ions from aqueous solutions than NCRR.


Purpose
The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of carbon performance on carbon disclosure among nonfinancial French-listed firms, while also considering the corporate board's characteristics as a secondary objective.

Design/methodology/approach
This study uses a sample of Société des Bourses Françaises 120 Index (SBF-120) French-listed firms to investigate the effect of multiple carbon performance proxies on carbon disclosure based on random effects models for the period 2010–2021. Generalized method of moments regressions are used to encounter endogeneity problems.

Findings
Drawing on stakeholder theory, this paper finds that greater carbon performance leads to greater carbon disclosure. Given the growing societal awareness about climate-change issues, carbon-responsible firms are likely to disseminate relevant carbon-related information through disclosures to respond to the information demands of a varied stakeholder group. Coherent with signaling theory, large firms that undertake carbon-reduction initiatives tend to disclose more information about their enhanced carbon performance to equity participants to distinguish themselves and highlight their decarbonization efforts.

Originality/value
This study offers significant insights given that SBF-120 firms are involved in climate-change activities as a response to the growing institutional and societal pressure to perform better and disclose reliable environmental information in their sustainability reports.


A fail-safe sequential machine is one that produces safe-side output when failures occur in the machine. This paper presents a new method of realization of fail-safe sequential machines under the following assumptions: 1) failure is caused by a single fault of element in the machine, 2) output of faulty element is stuck at one or zero, and 3) input does not malfunction.


In the process of building the discipline of Chinese philosophy, Marxist scholars made constantly efforts to apply the standpoint and method of Marxist philosophy in studying the Chinese philosophic history and achieved good results. In his writings, Zhao Ji-bin searched the discipline combined with historical materialism and dialectic. He studied it from the general and individual relationships, paid attention to discover important content of materialism and dialectics and he divided the stage of its development from bi-dimensions of history and logic, and described it as a dialectical spiral uprising process. He also viewed it as the necessity of history and theory. He carried out the basic building, researching and writing paradigm of Chinese philosophy of Marxism, which become a model, and wrote down an important chapter in the process of transforming the Marxist philosophy into methodology of studying of Chinese matter.


Abstract Tennessee cattle producer willingness to participate in a hypothetical Tennessee Branded Beef Program (TBBP) was examined using 2016 survey data. Willingness to participate in the TBBP was modeled using a probit model. Among those willing to participate, a Tobit model was used to estimate the pounds of live-weight beef producers were willing to supply into a TBBP. Age, production practices, and risk attitudes influenced willingness to participate. Among those willing to participate, projected TBBP supply per farm averaged 32,329 pounds and was influenced by on-farm animal units, production practices, perceived barriers, risk attitudes, and consequentiality beliefs.


Francis et al. (2008) find the surprising result that management forecasts are positively associated with firms' cost of equity. We re-examine the relationship between the two by separating different attributes of management forecasts and looking into cross-sectional variation in the relationship. We find that the cost of equity is negatively associated with management forecast quality (forecast specificity, accuracy and credibility), but not robustly related to management forecast quantity (frequency), after controlling for earnings quality and other factors. The effect of forecast quality is stronger for smaller firms and firms with lower analyst following. These results are consistent with the theoretical prediction that voluntary disclosure reduces the cost of equity, but primarily for firms with relatively poor information environments.


Due to the high cost associated with generating effective input vectors to test MOS circuits, finding ways to reduce this test vector generation cost is of considerable interest. Empirical results show that fault coverage obtained from MOS transistor-level fault simulation using randomly generated test inputs can be approximated by the fault coverage obtained using the test vectors generated from classical stuck-at-zero and stuck-at-one fault simulation on logic-gate-level circuits. Applying this result, an approach is presented to reduce the cost of test vector generation for MOS circuits.<<ETX>>


This article considers what light historical institutionalism (HI) may be able to shed on the European Union's (EU's) timescape. Drawing on Paul Pierson's work Politics in Time it reviews what HI has to say about the dual dynamics of path dependent incremental development and radical change (termed punctuated equilibrium or critical junctures) as well as relating to timing, sequencing and long-term processes. It then suggests three areas of EU studies for exploring these contrasting dynamics, namely the integration process as a whole, EU policy dynamics and Europeanization. Applications of HI in EU studies have tended to be empirical and have often neglected to engage with the temporal theorizing embraced by Pierson. The special issue's appeal for a new research agenda on the EU timescape offers the opportunity, it is argued, to rectify the insufficiency of theoretical reflection.


Posterior capsular opacification (PCO) is a common complication after extracapsular cataract extraction, which is drawing more attentions because of secondary vision loss, and the study on PCO pathogenesis mechanism is a key for the targeting prevention and treatment of PCO.The study of PCO pathogenesis mechanism showed that autophagy and apoptosis are associated with PCO, and it was also determined that the activation of related signal-transduction pathway plays an important role in PCO formation, for example, the release of inflammatory factors and cytokines following cataract extraction activate the signal transduction and genetic transcription of lens epithelial cells (LECs) and further promote the proliferation, migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of residual LECs, which is a pathological basis of PCO.It is a challenge for us to investigate the effective treating method of PCO basis on its pathogenesis.Up to now, the studies of drugs targeting PCO and genetic therapy which based on the advances in epigenetics have made great progress.Ophthalmic researchers should pay close attention to the latest trends of basic research, track the methodology and exploit the emerging spotlight, explore the novel means of treatments of PCO, and expand the promising future of PCO prevention and treatment.

Key words:
Posterior capsular opacification; Epithelial cells, lens/pathology; Pathogenesis; Signal transduction; Basic research; Prevention and treatment


There is a view held by some within the world of Western art music that art is not suitable for mass consumption. The perceived superiority of art music is evident in some music education programs, not only through the study of the canon, but also through the replication of its music-making practices in the classroom. Furthermore, the right to actively participate in music is reserved for those perceived to possess the necessary talent. This notion of talent being a prerequisite for music making is so ingrained in Western culture that it remains unquestioned by many. There is an emerging school of thought that identifies these attitudes of talent and elitism as inappropriate in the context of music education, as they exclude some students from participating and devalue students' previous musical experiences. In this paper, I will discuss two main issues: the nature of music making in the Western art music tradition and the ways in which exclusionary practices are embedded; and the implications this can have for music educators. It is hoped that this discussion will encourage teachers to reflect upon the beliefs and values that they hold about music and music education, and to consider how these beliefs and values may or may not serve the needs of the students. Such deliberation both affirms inherent good practice as well as contributing to the evolution of a more informed and inclusive approach to music education.


The formation of the public opinions related to corruption on internet is a dynamic process.It has some distinguishing features such as impressible inducement,random occurrence,subjective speculation,suppositional secretiveness and so on,and it expresses the public's demands for the justice of power and the clean politics.It has supervision advantages such as the supervision with high efficiency and quality,and the protection of the participators' safety.Meanwhile,it also has some disadvantages such as the tendency of internet violence,and the insufficiency of normalization and legality.To scientifically manage the public opinions related to corruption on internet,we need establish a government's immediate response mechanism,gradually set up a cooperative mechanism among the government,network and tradition media,perfect the information system,and strengthen the supervision of netizens and websites.In this way,we can realize the scientific management of the public opinions related to corruption on internet.


The growing concern for environmental problems in the current economy has spurred the study of the way materials and substances flow through the economy, resulting in many different types of analysis, one of which is substance flow analysis. In this paper, we apply the model in a single, hypothetical example of a pollution problem for evaluation in a practical way. It appears that SFA enables one to spot hidden or unexpected flows and emissions, and to detect accumulation of stocks in the economy or the environment, which may cause problems at some future time.


ith the 5-year survival for women diagnosed with breast cancer at 90%, the thrust of new initiatives is W to discover whether that outcome can be either improved or achieved with less or better targeted therapy. Breast cancer was one of the first tumours to be successfully treatedwith a targeted therapy: trastuzumab improved outcomes for women with HER2-positive breast cancer, initially when treating metastatic disease, and then in the adjuvant therapy setting.


The characteristics of dislocation-related leakage current paths in an AlGaN/GaN heterostructure grown by molecular-beam epitaxy and their mitigation by local surface modification have been investigated using conductive atomic force microscopy. When a voltage is applied between the tip in an atomic force microscope (AFM) and the sample, a thin insulating layer is formed in the vicinity of the leakage paths where current is observed. As the insulating layer reaches a thickness of 2–3 nm, the leakage current is blocked and subsequent growth of the layer is prevented. Although conductive screw or mixed dislocations are observed, dislocations with a screw component that do not conduct current are also apparent. The reverse-bias leakage current is reduced by a factor of two in a large-area diode fabricated on an area modified in this manner with an AFM compared to typical diodes fabricated on unmodified areas with comparable series resistances, confirming that dislocation-related leakage current paths are a ma...


The respiratory tract has a limited response to intrinsic disorders, and relatively few abnormal signs and symptoms result from many pathologic processes. Moreover, disease processes do not always limit themselves to anatomic boundaries so that it is important to remain aware that disease and disorders of organs outside the thorax may well be associated with respiratory symptoms and signs, the focus of this issue of Seminars. This is particularly true of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, and in this article I will consider such associations based on: 1. Disturbances related to the close embryonic and anatomic relationship of the GI and respiratory tracts 2. Inherited disorders common to both 3. Remote effects of abdominal disorders 4. Mechanical effects of abdominal disorders 5. Individual responses to common environmental insults


"Doctor, una carta Ilego." Cindy's mother, a slight and shy immigrant from Peru, pulled a carefully folded envelope from her pocket-book. She averted her eyes as she handed me the clinic bill that had just arrived in the mail for more than $100.

"Tengo verguenza, doctor, pero no la aguantamos," — "I feel ashamed," she said, "but we can't afford this bill." Legal immigrants, Cindy's parents had just started low-wage jobs outside Boston. They couldn't even pay for the glasses Cindy now needed for school.


To the Editor We appreciate the work by Hallen et al ,1 which reported that a single-point measurement of cardiac troponin-I (cTnI) 24 or 48 h after primary angioplasty for those with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) provides substantial prognostic information on the evolution of left ventricular function and the risk of left ventricular expansion. Actually, a single level of cTnI after primary angioplasty is associated with a variety of factors including the mass of myocardial necrosis, the metabolic rates and the haemodynamic status. As we know, timing to perform coronary catheterisation is …


this article about Financial Administration is a management effort covering all activities that are closely related to all financial systems to achieve the goals of each company or organization. Good financial administration can have a positive impact on the productivity of an organization or school. Then financial management in a school organization will be well ordered and can produce better outputs. Financial administration is very important and in its management it must be clear so that there will be no suspicion arising from the relevant institution or school, there must be a clear financial report both in and out money


Root rot caused by  Phytopthora capsici is one of the most important diseases of pepper, it can decrease yield up to 52%. Planting resistant plants is an efficient way to control the disease. In vitro  selection is a method that can be utilized for selection of resistant plants. The objective of the study was to obtain pepper plants resistant to root rot disease through in vitro  selection. The study consisted of four experiments, i.e., (1) induction of embryogenic calli, (2) production of filtrate of P.  capsici , (3) in vitro selection and shoots regeneration, and (4) root induction. The results showed that leaf tissue was the best explants for production of embryogenic calli in a medium of Gamborg (macro nutrient) + MS (micro nutrients and vitamins) with 2.4-D 0.1 or 0.5 mg/l. The best filtrate of P. capsici culture used for the selection was that from the 5 day-old inoculum in the V8 medium. In general, addition of  P. capsici culture filtrate into the regeneration media influenced the percentage of live calli. The addition of 50% and 75% of P. capsici filtrate was enabling to screening for adaptive calli based on brownish-yellow or yellowish-brown color. These calli produced 32 shoots in the regeneration media without the P. capsici filtrate. Root induction was successfully performed in the MS medium with 0.01 mg/l of NAA.


The discussion of this apparently trite and timeworn question would seem out of place at this meeting, were it not that, even at the present day, we are still unable to speak with certainty concerning it. The failure to have secured a more definite conclusion regarding it is in no wise due to lack of care on the part of those who have investigated it. On the contrary, it has engaged the attention of a large number of earnest students; the subject has been studied collectively as well as by individuals, and, finally, the diseases in question are of such common occurrence that abundant material has always been forthcoming upon which deductions could be based. With all this accumulation of material and of effort it would seem strange that sufficient doubt should remain to warrant discussion. We find, however, in studying the differential diagnosis between diphtheria and croup as commonly


In this paper, analysis is presented aiming at the problem of plastic operation which is usually finished depending on doctor's experience only. Based on it, reverse engineering of freeform surface is studied and applied for plastic operation. The sufferer's freeform surface is measured and reconstructed to digital model. And the surgery result could be emulated beforehand. Breast plastic is chosen as example to test the technical application. The sufferer could consult the surgery operation with doctor by using reverse engineering. And the sufferer's desire could be satisfied and the successful probability of surgery be improved.


The atomic arrangement present in Cu3Au in a state of equilibrium partial long‐range order has been investigated by measuring with x‐ray techniques the short‐range order existing below the critical temperature. A single crystal of Cu3Au, cut parallel to a (100) face was quenched into water from 380°C, just below the critical temperature for ordering. Using monochromated Cu Kα radiation and a Geiger counter spectrometer, the diffuse scattering from this crystal was measured in the (h1h20) plane of reciprical space. From these data, short‐range order parameters and a first‐neighbor size effect coefficient were obtained. The measurements show that there is a marked short‐range order among the wrongly occupied sites below the critical temperature. It is shown that the measured short‐range order parameters can be predicted by assuming that the wrongly occupied sites coalesce into tiny antiphase domains, and that these domains are one atomic plane in thickness, lie parallel to any one of the three sets of (100)...


Abstract : Room temperature magnetic susceptibility studies have been made on a series of Ti-Al alloys in the composition range 30-57 at-%Al, quenched from anneals at 900, 1065, 1165, 1265, 1315, and 1365C. As a result of this work, an equilibrium partial phase diagram has been constructed, compared with literature data, and discussed with reference to the results of a comprehensive metallographic and microhardness study.


Home security system is one of the important elements that increase the safety level of a house. Besides houses, the system also can be implemented in the business premises or offices. The increases of crime which involve burglars or generally intruder contribute to the development of the security system. Intrusion alert via GSM is a security system which consists of a remote controller, receiver and sensor circuit. These circuits are integrated with the GSM network via GSM modem. A remote controller is used to activate the system. It will send signal to the receiver circuit. This circuit will then activate the sensor circuit. The sensor circuit uses a proximity magnetic sensor to sense any intrusion. The magnetic sensor is place at the front door of the model. When the door is opened without permission which means that the door is opened without inedible the system, a data will be send to the GSM modem. The GSM modem will automatically send Short Message System (SMS) to the owner. This system is affordable as it is cheap and easy to maintain.


Cement is currently the most widely used construction material throughout the world. Its production is being recognized to play a hazardous role in the imbalances of the environment and producing air pollutants in the form of various oxides, particulate matter as well as heavy metals which pose a serious threat to living world including humans, plants, animals, livestock etc. Keeping in view the hazards of cement dust it is recommendable that the cement industry management, their workers and health officials should work together to adopt scientific and technical preventive measures. The stack height must be appropriate and air pollution control devices should be installed and regularly checked so that


The present invention discloses a V-twin plane Pepper pruning method of peppers per plant 4 to 6 main branch main branch distribution of a vertical plane V-twin plane distribution provided by the wire hanger and sling changes, taking advantage of the infinite Pepper can be more branched growth form characteristic results, and the results will not shade each other branches between branches increases, the line between the strain is good ventilation and light, photosynthesis large effective area, photosynthetic products accumulate more robust plant growth. The present invention facilitates the use of multi-branched Pepper result, increased fruit weight bell peppers, bell peppers improve productivity, accelerate the speed of fruits turn color. After testing, production increased 17.2% -18.1%.


We describe a process for the fabrication of a Ni stamp that is applied to the microstructuring of polymers by hot embossing. The target devices are microcontainers that have a potential application in oral drug delivery. Each container is a 3D, cylindrical, high aspect ratio microstructure obtained by defining a reservoir and a separating trench with different depths of 85 and 125 µm, respectively, in a single embossing step. The fabrication of the required two leveled stamp is done using a modified DEEMO (dry etching, electroplating and molding) process. Dry etching using the Bosch process and electroplating are optimized to obtain a stamp with smooth stamp surfaces and a positive sidewall profile. Using this stamp, hot embossing is performed successfully with excellent yield and high replication fidelity.


This study examined the effects of ambivalence over emotional expressiveness (AEE) on psychological maladjustment and subjective well-being. Furthermore, we examined the moderating effect of collectivism on the relationships between AEE, psychological maladjustment and subjective well-being. Many Korean psychologists have suggested a moderating effect of collectivism on the relationship between ambivalence over emotional expressiveness and psychological adjustment, but there are few studies that have examined these relationships. Consequently, it is necessary to investigate these effects. Data concerning AEE, individualism, collectivism, psychological maladjustment (BSI), and subjective well-being were collected from 138 adults in South Korea. To test the moderation effects, multiple regression analyses was conducted. Results found AEE increased psychological maladjustment and decreased subjective well-being. However, the moderating effect of collectivism was not found in the relationship between AEE and psychological maladjustment, as well as AEE and subjective well-being. The difference of emotion suppression and AEE regarding cultural orientation and clinical implication of these findings were discussed.


V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute has initiated a project on compilation of a new Digital Soil Map of Russia on the basis of the Soil Map of the Russian Federation (SMRF) 1 : 2.5 M scale (1988) revised and interpreted in ideology and nomenclature of the new substantive-genetic Classification System of Russian Soils (CSRS). The first stage implies the conversion of soil mapping units on the original map into the CSRS with a corresponding renaming of soils in the attribute database to the digitized version of the map for each soil polygon. During the second stage, a new digital model of the soil cover is developed with the use of digital soil mapping technologies, basic soil map, and new materials, including satellite images and digital elevation models. The legend section "Tundra Soils" contains 16 soil units forming their own areas or found in various combinations (soil complexes). As a result of the reclassification and careful analysis of each soil polygon, the soils of Arctic and Subarctic tundra have obtained a more detailed and differential representation on the new map, and Бюллетень Почвенного института им. В.В. Докучаева. 2020. Вып. 101. Dokuchaev Soil Bulletin, 2020, 101 48 their diagnostics based on the morphology of the profiles and major soil properties have been specified. The most significant changes in the initial content of the map concern the soils referred to as gley soils on the SMRF. A separate group of cryozemic soils has been specified. Weakly developed soils (petrozems, psammozems, and pelozems) and lithozems have been introduced on the map for the first time. Differential decisions are suggested for the soils of "spotty tundra" with sorted and nonsorted circles and for the soils of cryogenic fissures and cracks. The results of the study have made it possible to refine the diagnostics and nomenclature of soils in the CSRS.


The Minerals Council of Australia represents Australia's exploration, mining and minerals processing industry, nationally and internationally, in its contribution to sustainable economic and social development. The views expressed in this publication are those of the author. This publication is part of the overall program of the MCA, as endorsed by its Board of Directors, but does not necessarily reflect the views of individual members of the Board. of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher and copyright holders.


Two adaptations of Success for All, a comprehensive reform program for elementary schools, have been used with students acquiring English. One is a Spanish bilingual version, called Exito Para Todos, in which students are taught to read in Spanish and then transitioned to English reading, usually in third or fourth grade. The other integrates English as a Second Language (ESL) strategies with English reading instruction. This paper summarizes the results of both of these adaptations for students acquiring English. The effects of Success for All on the achievement of English language learners are, in general, substantially positive. In all schools implementing Exito Para Todos, effect sizes for first graders on Spanish assessments were very positive, especially when schools were implementing most of the program's elements. Even after transitioning to English-only instruction, Exito Para Todos third graders performed better on English assessments than control students who were primarily taught in English. F...


In 1822, Robert Wilmot, the undersecretary of state for the colonies, introduced a bill to unite Upper and Lower Canada in the British House of Commons. In doing so, he was proposing not just an intercolonial union, but a new constitution. He believed that because the Canadas' constitution was granted by an Act of Parliament in 1791 it could be changed by Parliament without colonial consultation or consent. Whig parliamentarians and colonists contested this interpretation and raised questions about consent and the status of colonial constitutions. These debates in the 1820s reveal just how muddied thinking about colonial constitutions and consultation had become. Lower Canadian opposition to the bill has received significant attention from historians, yet this attempt at constitutional change also forced Upper Canadians to take unexpected positions, including interpreting the 1791 act as a written charter. Through these transatlantic debates, they were continuing to fashion a settler interpretation of British constitutionalism. This article traces these ideas by examining the movement of news and rumours through emerging, intertwined colonial and imperial public spheres, which illustrate the permeability of the line between public and private information. Inserting this failed constitutionwriting effort into the longer history of Canadian constitutions sheds light on the limits to imperial intervention and encourages a broader rethinking of Canadian constitutional histories and the role of empire in a long nineteenth century.


Melt pool temperature contains abundant information on metallurgical and mechanical aspects of products produced by additive manufacturing. Forecasting melt pool temperature profile during a process can help in reducing microstructural porosity and residual stresses. Although analytical and numerical models were reported, the performance of these are questionable when applied in real-time. Hence, we developed data-driven models to address this challenge, for continuous forecasting layer-wise melt pool temperature using a hybrid deep learning technique. The melt pool temperature forecasting by the proposed CNN-LSTM model is found to be better than other benchmark models in terms of accuracy and efficiency. The model results have shown that combining CNN and LSTM networks can extract the spatial and temporal information from the melt pool temperature data. Further, the proposed model results are compared with existing statistical and machine learning models. The performance measures of the proposed CNN-LSTM model indicate a greater potential for in-situ monitoring of additive manufacturing process.


Despite advances in the requirements elicitation techniques, researchers show that even today software engineers cannot understand exactly what a product should offer to meet user needs and expectations. This paper aims to propose a new strategy to assist the process of requirements categorization, so that it becomes possible to extract from the user what he really expects of a product. The proposed framework is based on the concepts of requirements categorization established by Noriaki Kano, and on previous studies focused on collective intelligence, to propose different approaches to extract from the crowd the necessary knowledge to classify requirements and decide what should be prioritized and what should not, according to user expectations.


The multicast facilitates group communications in IP networks and largely improves the usage efficiency of the bandwidth. However if this transmission technology has reached a sufficient maturity in fixed networks, it results in many problems in an IP environment where the receiver is mobile. The problem is partially attributable to the protocols managing the host mobility.

Indeed, in the mobile Internet, the host mobility affects unicast addresses which are considered in the multicast routing protocols as stable. So the change of these unicast addresses lead to long handover latency and packets losses due to interruptions provoked by the mobility.

So, the best adaptation of the multicast in the mobile Internet depends strongly on the type of mobility protocol in use. The current propositions for applications of multicast services are made in the mobility environments offering mobility management insufficiently optimized according to the following essential performance criteria: improvement of the handover latency, the scalability and the packet loss rate. Our proposal, based on the NC-HMIPv6 protocol, offers a better mobile multicast management through leaning the possibilities offered by this protocol. By widening the features of various entities in the NC-HMIPv6 environment, an effective management of the multicast handover is proposed.


Texture analysis holds significant promise for improving the science return of remote planetary exploration. Communications with exploration spacecraft suffer significan t latency and bandwidth constraints; onboard image understanding can summarize large datasets and select representative images for transmission. We present image texture descriptors that satisfy the strict computational requirements of flight processors. We use the integral image transform to produce pixel-level texture features. A decision tree using integer arithmetic computes pixel classifications far faster than texture analysis technique s requiring convolutions of steerable filter banks. A case study characterizes sedimentology in Mars Exploration Rover microscopic images. Here, the decision trees produce image descriptors that correlate strongly with geologists' classifications of sediment types in the Gusev crater region. This in turn permits a kernelized regression model that predicts soil compositions using image texture without explicitly identifying individual partic les.


Recently, there is a trend of expanding the introduction of preemption/priority signals for emergency vehicles to secure golden time in disaster situations such as fire, rescue, and first aid. A preemption/priority signal strategy to minimize the response time of emergency vehicles is required because response time is directly connected to safety and life, but in Korea, there is a limitation in application due to lack of signal operation strategy and detailed operational criteria. Besides, the transit strategy for returning to the ordinary signal is indefinite, which may adversely affect other traffic flows after passing an emergency vehicle. For this reason, this study proposes preemption/priority signal operation criteria for securing emergency vehicle golden time and minimizing congestion, suggest the appropriate preemption/priority signal operation standard and return strategy acrroding to traffic volume. Network and signal scenarios were designed and analyzed using VISSIM and VAP, a microscopic traffic simulation program. As a result of the analysis, according to the degree of saturation in the intersection, it was found that the Preemption is advantageous when a v/c ratio above 0.4 to 0.6 and that Priority is advantageous when the v/c ratio exceeds 0.8. In the case of the transit signal, it was found that it is desirable to apply the Dwell if the difference in traffic volume between the main/minor road is 3:1 or more, and the Smooth if it is less than that. The introduction of the proposed preemption/priority signal in Korea is expected to affect the efficient response system of emergency vehicles and increase the on-site response capacity.


The φ-divergence proximal method is an extension of the proximal minimization algorithm, where the usual quadratic proximal term is substituted by a class of convex statistical distances, called φ-divergences. In this paper, we study the convergence rate of this nonquadratic proximal method for convex and particularly linear programming. We identify a class of φ-divergences for which superlinear convergence is attained both for optimization problems with strongly convex objectives at the optimum and linear programming problems, when the regularization parameters tend to zero. We prove also that, with regularization parameters bounded away from zero, convergence is at least linear for a wider class of φ-divergences, when the method is applied to the same kinds of problems. We further analyze the associated class of augmented Lagrangian methods for convex programming with nonquadratic penalty terms, and prove convergence of the dual generated by these methods for linear programming problems under a weak nondegeneracy assumption.


Summary form only given. An intense research effort has been channelled into improving mode-locked Yb-fiber oscillators in recent years. Despite efforts in all-normal dispersion oscillators, dispersion management is evidently necessary to reach pulse durations below 50 fs. This is implemented most commonly with bulk optical components in Yb-doped fiber lasers. Increased robustness remains a valuable trait, for which all-fiber-integration is highly desirable. Photonic crystal fibers (PCF) with anomalous dispersion have small mode field diameters, enhancing nonlinear effects and usually are birefringent. The first mode-locked laser to incorporate a PCF was reported in 2002 [1]. However, mode-locking was not self-starting owing to the residual birefringence of the PCF Since then, a number of dispersion-managed Yb-doped fiber lasers using PCFs and all-fiber-integrated lasers have been reported. After 10 years, no all-fiber-integrated Yb-fiber laser has been demonstrated to support pulses below 60 fs [2]. Here, we present an all-fiber-integrated, dispersion-managed Yb-doped oscillator incorporating a segment of PCF. The oscillator is self-starting and generates pulses with a spectral bandwidth of 58.2 nm, compressible externally to 42 fs. The pulse evolution had to be carefully designed to achieve this performance: the residual birefringence that prevented self-starting operation of the first fiber laser with PCF [1] is actively employed to construct an intra-cavity Lyot filter to ease initiation of mode-locking [3]. The filtering effect has been characterized using a Sagnac loop seeded by a broadband amplified emissions source (Fig. 1(a)). Numerical simulations were performed to investigate the mode-locking dynamics (Fig. 1(b)). The pulse duration and spectral bandwidth decrease in the first half of the gain fiber, then grow essentially self-similarly. Initial compression in the PCF is followed by stretching, accompanying with spectral broadening and narrowing. The pulse energy is reduced to ~78 pJ in the PCF to prevent excessive nonlinear effects. This requires an intra-cavity gain of 60 to reach the maximum pulse energy of 4.7 nJ. While the overall evolution is consistent with stretched-pulse operation, influence of self-similar evolution in the gain fiber is observed due to the strong nonlinearity, which counteracts gain narrowing.In conclusion, we have demonstrated an all-fiber-integrated Yb-doped laser with an anomalous-dispersion PCF. The compressed pulse duration is 42 fs, which is the shortest, to the best of our knowledge, from an all-fiber oscillator at 1 μm. These results have been achieved 10 years after the first mode-locked oscillator with PCF was demonstrated, which was plagued with non-self-starting operation and limited long-term stability primarily due to the residual birefringence of the PCF. Here, the birefringence of the PCF is exploited to function as a fiber-integrated Lyot filter for stable and self-starting mode-locking. Nonlinear effects and spectral shaping throughout the cavity is carefully managed to avoid multiple pulsing.


requests to: James P. Dunn, M.D. Associate Professor of Ophthalmology The Wilmer Eye Institute The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine 550 N. Broadway Suite 700 Baltimore, MD 21205 USA Tel: (410) 955-1966 Fax: (410) 955-0629 E-mail: email@example.com Sarcoidosis is a multisystem inflammatory disease of unknown cause that most commonly affects the lungs, eyes, skin, joints, and central nervous system, usually in young and middle-aged adults. The disease has an unusual worldwide distribution, with a much higher prevalence in the United States and northern Europe than in southern Europe and Asia. In the United States, blacks are affected ten times more frequently than whites. Ocular involvement occurs in about 30% of the patients with sarcoidosis; dry eye due to lacrimal gland infiltration is the most common ocular manifestation, followed by uveitis. Scleritis has been uncommonly associated with sarcoidosis. In this issue of Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, Durson and colleagues describe three patients with sarcoidosis-associated anterior scleritis.They do not report the length of time during which the patients presented or how many cases of scleritis were seen in their clinic during the same period, so the reader cannot determine what percentage of scleritis cases these three patients constitute; however, the authors describe it as a 'rarity'. All three patients were women, ranging in age from 57 to 64 years. It may be noteworthy that these patients were older on average than those reported in most uveitis series. The authors write that in two of the three cases, the ocular findings led to the diagnosis of sarcoidosis, although it appears that two patients had clear evidence of sarcoidosis prior to the onset of scleritis. Nonetheless, it is important for ophthalmologists to recognize that over 50% of the patients with scleritis have an underlying systemic disease. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis, the most commonly associated systemic disease, usually carry the diagnosis prior to the onset of scleritis; a workup in other patients can be helpful in detecting previously undiagnosed vasculitides, including sarcoidosis. In addition to anterior scleritis, both necrotizing and posterior scleritis have been associated with sarcoidosis. To what extent should the ophthalmologist work up a patient with scleritis? Dursun and colleagues noted that 'an internal medicine consultation was obtained for confirming the diagnosis of systemic sarcoidosis'. All three patients underwent thoracic CT scanning, which may be more sensitive than conventional chest radiography, but no


The Current of Brazil (CB) system is associated with the movement and generation of eddies associated with the current. And, to establish the main chain system o the Brazilian region, a region of enormous economic, biological and geopolitical importance for Brazil. The amount of current in Brazil is mainly in uenced by local training, bathymetry and baroclinic and barotropic instability. The calculation of the volumetric transport of the Brazil Current (CB) and the Intermediate Contour Current (CCI) at 23 ° S is performed in this work using data from reanalysis of the HYCOM-NCODA model. A historical leak series was analyzed using basic statistics and a wavelet transformation. The results of the wavelet spectrum show a well-marked annual cycle in CB and CCI. As well as the di erent variation patterns between CB and CCI, the latter found greater variability in the spectrum.


Polish constitutional law utilizes the notion of "constitutionalism" but does not explain the basic components which would help to classify a given system to such a category. The 20th century utilized this concept for the purposes of confrontation between West and East, but with the democratic wave of the 1990s and the decay of the transition process, it began to lose its widely acknowledged criteria of recognition. The article brings new taxonomy proposed in comparative constitutional law which suggests that there is no longer one fixed notion of constitutionalism. Such an approach seems to be the equivalent of realpolitik in constitutional studies accompanied by the suggestion that Western taxonomy can no longer ignore the protracted existence of constitution- based states which treat it as an object but reject other components e.g. separation of powers, an effective impartial and independent judicial system and legal constraints. Such realism in taxonomy may come at a price, with even further decay of rule of law standards and erosion of liberal democracy.


In recent years novel computer architectures have been pursued to overcome the limitations of the traditional silicon-based von Neumann paradigm and the imminent end of Moore's law. A promising alternative is neuromorphic computation, which is based on non-linear, massively parallel, neural-like algorithms, allowing the construction of artificial neural networks. These can be implemented using memristors, fundamental and passive electric components that show reversible and persistent resistance state changes, which translate in similar electric responses to biological neural tissue. In this work we study the optimization of the microfabrication process of individual and crossbar arrays of magnesium oxide-based memristive devices. Each configuration is implemented in two different fabrication processes: a more complete procedure where the main metal-insulator-metal pillar is defined using optical lithography and ion beam milling and a simpler, two-level process where the bottom electrode is patterned first and the junction is defined by magnetron sputtering of the insulator film and top electrode, overlapping precisely with the former. SEM imaging is used to identify defects in the fabricated structures. A computer program is developed to control a voltage-current sourcemeter, to perform automatic voltage-current sweeps with flexible parameters for measurement of memristive devices. Individual structures fabricated with the first process show large ON-OFF resistance ratios of at least 10, although the process yield and average device endurance are low, respectively at 43% and less than 10 full switching cycles. Crossbar arrays do not show improved performance. The two-step process yields better results, although the margin for improvement is still extensive.


The Present study investigates the creation of knowledge-based companies in the SID (SID Case Study of East Azerbaijan province) at the city of Tabriz. Knowledge-based companies, can be the interface between industry and SID as transforming ideas into technology centers. They also can survey research works with their various professionals and experts and offering advance ideas to the industry of the country .Today increasing of global competition has taken the opportunity of fundamental research for many industries. So many companies have only needed to carry out critical research. Global communication, public knowledge, and effective acquisition knowledge have destroyed the necessity of researching and creating the new ideas and the importance of innovation because of their economic benefits. The main objective of this study is the feasibility of establishing knowledge-based companies in the SID (Case Study: University of East Azerbaijan province). Therefore, after a comprehensive review of the literature on the subject, knowledge-based companies have been used in order to collect any data for measurement tools to assess the feasibility of establishing. The statistical population in this study, include all managers and experts of SID (Case Study: University of East Azerbaijan province) in the city of Tabriz. The sample size include 167 people. The results showed the possibility of establishing knowledge-based companies in the SID (Case Study: University of East Azerbaijan Province) at the city of Tabriz.


The polycubes stored at the Hanford Plutonium Finishing Plant (PFP) have been identified in a Vulnerability Assessment as material that requires a stabilization process in support of the Defense Nuclear Facility Safety Board Recommendation 94-1. The baseline plan involves a pyrolysis process to separate out the plutonium and uranium oxides before the remaining material is packaged for interim storage, in accordance with the Record of Decision (ROD), issued June 25, 1996, for the Plutonium Finishing Plant Stabilization Final Environmental Impact Statement, DOE/EIS-0244-F. The polycubes were manufactured at Hanford in the 1960s for use in criticality studies to determine the hydrogen-to-fissile atom ratios for neutron moderation. A mixture of plutonium and/or uranium oxides and a polystyrene (vinyl benzene) matrix, cast into the shape of cubes, the polycubes simulated solutions containing high concentrations of fissile materials. The polycubes varied in size, typically 1/2 x 2 x 2 in. up to 2 x 2 x 2 in., and were sealed with a coating of aluminum paint and/or tape (PVC or Shurtape). The estimated 1,600 polycubes (calculated 179,165 grams net weight) stored at PFP were packed in vented food cans with five to eight cubes per can to accommodate gas generation by radiolysis. Some polycube containers are suspected to contain loose material as well, left over from the forming process. With a fairly high {sup 240}Pu content, polycubes present a challenge for handling, as a result of the 7 to 8 R contact dose rate. Significant hazards linked to unstabilized polycubes are associated with the polystyrene matrix, which generates hydrogen gas due to radiolysis. In addition, some cans of polycubes may contain fines. Because of insufficient data, hazards associated with the fines have not been assessed.