AIM
Effects of aerobic fitness on cognitive performance (CP) in elderly persons have been investigated with contradictory

RESULTS
However, these effects have not been explored in occupationally active young and healthy subjects yet. Therefore we studied the effects of an aerobic training on CP during mental stress and in low demanding situations.

METHODS
Twenty-seven healthy volunteer students performed a maximal bicycle exercise test and 2 computerized psychological examinations at the begin and the end of a 3 month period of individualized aerobic training. The psychological tests were the ''Determinations-test'' (DT), which is a multi-task stress test, and the ''Vigilance test'' (VT), representing a low demanding situation. According to the outcome of the aerobic training 2 groups were formed: those with moderate and those with good training effects.

RESULTS
Results showed no significant differences between the 2 groups over the training period (5 parameters at DT and 4 at VT were n.s., 1 result at VT with p<0.05 was interpreted as a regression to the mean).

CONCLUSIONS
We conclude that neither CP at high stress nor vigilance during low demanding periods can be influenced by an improvement of aerobic fitness in occupationally active young and healthy persons.


Forging a British World of Trade explores the politics of culture, ethnicity, and market in the Empire-Commonwealth between the 1880s and 1970s, focusing on efforts to promote an economic system centred on trade between the UK and the old Commonwealth. This chapter situates the themes of the study within the existing historiography on British World networks. In recent years British World studies have received significant criticism both for the focus of their research and its absences. A key part of the problem here is that studies of the British World too often neglect key questions of uneven cultural and power relations. No one idea about the optimal future of British World collaboration was ever hegemonic. We should not discard the British World as a category of analysis, but rather explore how British World economic networks competed over time with alternative national, regional, and international ideas of trade community.


In the course of the 1974 excavations at the Zhinvali cemetery (Dusheti region of the GSSR), burial No. 18 yielded an iron ring inset with a Roman carnelian intaglio of the 1st-2nd cc. AD. It bears the inscription ВБКПХС БЛБНБ, which was made in a more recent time when the artifact was already in Iberia. Paleographic data indicates that the Bakur inscription dates to the end of the 2nd - fi rst quarter of the 3d cc. AD. Even though the letters are Greek, the language is not, since in that case the inscription would have read РБКПСПУ БЛБНПУ. The language is hence Alanian, and the artifact is the earliest specimen of Alanian writing that we have. On the one hand the fact gives us a deeper comprehension of the extent to which Hellenic culture and education were present in Iberian society, and on the other hand is another testimony of the important role that ancient Iberia played in the spreading of Classical culture to neighboring territories.


Summary

1. To examine the effects of forest harvest practices on headwater stream macroinvertebrates, we compiled a 167 site database with macroinvertebrate, fish, physical habitat and catchment land cover data from the three forested ecoregions in western Oregon. For our analysis, headwater streams were defined by catchment areas <10 km2 and perennial water during summer low flows. Almost all sites in the database were selected using a randomised survey design, constituting a representative sample of headwater streams in these ecoregions.

2. Macroinvertebrate taxonomic and functional feeding group composition were very similar among the three ecoregions in the study area (Coast Range, Cascades and Klamath Mountains). On average, 55% of the individuals at each site were in the orders Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera or Trichoptera. Dipteran taxa (mostly chironomids) accounted for another 34%. At almost all sites, non-insects made up <10% of the macroinvertebrate assemblage. Almost half (49%) of the assemblages were collectors; remaining individuals were about evenly divided among scrapers, shredders and predators.

3. There were 189 different macroinvertebrate taxa at the 167 sites with richness at individual sites ranging from 7 to 71 taxa. Ordination by non-metric multidimensional scaling revealed a strong association between % Ephemeroptera, especially Baetis, and site scores along the first axis. This axis was also strongly related to % coarse substratum and fast water habitat. The second axis was strongly related to % intolerant individuals, site slope and altitude. No strong relationships were evident between any ordination axis and either logging activity, presence/absence of fish, catchment size or ecoregion.

4. Based on macroinvertebrate index of biotic integrity (IBI) scores, 62% of the sites had no impairment, 31% of the sites had slight impairment and only 6% of the sites had moderate or severe impairment. IBI scores were not strongly related to forest harvest history. All four severely impaired sites and five of the seven sites with moderate impairment were lower altitude, shallower slope stream reaches located in the Coast Range with evidence of agricultural activity in their catchment or riparian zone. % sand + fine substratum was the environmental variable most strongly related to macroinvertebrate IBI.


In the present work, the sintering temperature was able to substantially influence the microstructure and electrical properties of the lead-free ceramic 0.88NaNbO3–0.12LiTaO3. This composition without any acceptor doping presents a high mechanical quality factor, Qm, value of 1469 and a high Curie temperature of 305 °C by optimizing the sintering temperature at 1330 °C. We applied this material to make a device of disk-shaped piezoelectric transformers with a ring–dot structure and further focused on investigating the characteristics of the piezoelectric transformers. With matching load, a maximum efficiency of 92% occurs in the fundamental mode, and the maximum voltage gains are 5.5 and 3.7 for the fundamental and third radial vibration modes, respectively. The experimental results show a maximum output power of 10.5 W with a temperature rise of 27 °C. It is noteworthy that a high output power density (as high as 32.8 W cm−3) was obtained under a maximum input voltage of 180 V, which is comparable to the performance of PZT in a piezoelectric ceramic transformer device.


The kinetic behavior of yeast alcohol dehydrogenase (YADH) in sodium di-2-ethylhexylsulfosuccinate (AOT) isooctane reverse micelles has been studied using methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), NADH and Tris as the substrate, coenzyme and buffer, respectively. The solubility diagrams of aqueous buffer in the isooctane solution of AOT were established as a function of temperature and molar ratio of water to surfactant (ω 0 ) at various Tris and AOT concentrations. The dependence of enzyme activity on enzyme concentration, pH, ω 0 and Tris concentration was determined. The optimal ω 0 was at 10-15, increasing slightly with an increase in Tris concentration. The YADH entrapped in reverse micelles exhibited minimum activity at a Tris concentration of 0.1 mol dm -3 , while in aqueous buffer enzyme activity was not significantly affected by Tris concentration. Comparing the rate equation for the reduction of MEK by YADH in reverse micelles with that in aqueous buffer, the association of YADH and NADH could apparently have proceeded with an irreversible reaction before the substrate was bound, when performed in a reverse micellar system. Although the YADH entrapped in reverse micelles was less stable than when dissolved in aqueous buffer, the enzyme retained at least 20% activity after 21 h at 25°C and ω 0 = 20. This result was an improvement over previously reported data.


Some researchers have argued that providing operators with externalized, graphic representations can lead to a trade-off whereby deep knowledge is sacrificed for cognitive economy and performance. This article provides an initial empirical investigation of this hypothesis by presenting a longitudinal study of the effect of ecological interface design (EID), a framework for designing interfaces for complex industrial systems, on subjects' deep knowledge. The experiment continuously observed the quasi-daily performance of the subjects' over a period of six months. The research was conducted in the context of DURESS II, a real-time, interactive thermal-hydraulic process control simulation that was designed to be representative of industrial systems. The performance of two interfaces was compared, an EID interface based on physical and functional (P+F) system representations and a more traditional interface based solely on a physical (P) representation. Subjects were required to perform several control tasks, including startup, tuning, shutdown and fault management. Occasionally, a set of knowledge elicitation tests was administered to assess the evolution of subjects' deep knowledge of DURESS II. The results suggest that EID can lead to a functionally organized knowledge base as well as superior performance, but only if subjects actively reflect on the feedback they get from the interface. In contrast, if subjects adopt a surface approach to learning, then EID can lead to a shallow knowledge base and poor performance, although no worse than that observed with a traditional interface.


Integrated Product and Process Design (IPPD) is an institutionalized two-semester industrysponsored multidisciplinary capstone design option for seniors in engineering, business, and packaging science at the University of Florida. Preparing for the launch of the IPPD program in the fall semester requires coordinating with dozens of project sponsors, faculty and staff from nine academic departments and students from more than 12 disciplines. Obtaining 25 suitable multidisciplinary industry projects each year is a time consuming activity. So too is the process of recruiting and selecting 150 students of the appropriate disciplines to complete these projects. Ideally, as projects are identified and committed, students with the right discipline background are approved and enrolled in the capstone program. If all goes as planned, there will enough students of the right disciplines to complete every project. This balance between project and student recruitment is a challenging systems issue—ignore either and risk program collapse. Further, after spending many hours recruiting a sponsored project, it is particularly disheartening to inform a sponsor that their project cannot be undertaken because too few students of the appropriate disciplines were available to complete the work. From 1995 to 2006, students at the University of Florida applied directly to their academic departments through a paper application for admission into the Integrated Product and Process Design. Academic advisors verified the applicant qualifications against discipline-specific prerequisites, and faculty coordinators approved or rejected applicants. The paper-based process worked, but left many information gaps in the project and student recruitment process. To address these gaps, an information system was developed to streamline the capture, processing, and disposition of student applications. Today, students apply over the web, advisors and coordinators review the applications online, and accept or reject decisions are based upon needs published in the system by the program director. The system has tools for ranking the applicants, provides automatically generated e-mail notifications, and alerts reviewers when new applications are ready for processing. The director now has dynamic access to student applicant data and student numbers. The intent of this paper is to share the structure and features of this student application system. Improved communications with the undergraduate advisors in the participating academic disciplines will be discussed along with other benefits.


We establish a geometrical theory in terms of torsion fields and their singularities of quantum jumps and of the propagation of wave‐front singularities described by the eikonal equation of geometrical optics basic to Fock's theory of gravitation and General Relativity. The latter equations correspond to the wavefront propagation for the Maxwell and Einstein equations. We discuss the genesis of spacetime in terms of these singularities and torsion fields. We introduce the class of solutions of the wave propagation (defined in terms of the metric geometry) and the eikonal equations. The lagrangian functional for quantum jumps defined in terms of the quantum potential is introduced. We give a formula that characterizes the quantum jumps in terms of an extension of the argument principle in complex analysis. We show that the wave propagation in terms of the metric geometry under a change of gauge has a natural expression as a wave propagation in terms of the laplacians associated to a torsion geometry of the...


Objective To evaluate the characteristics of left ventricular(LV) diastolic and systolic function in rabbits with left ventricular aneurysm(LVA) with transmitral pulsed wave Doppler(PWD) and speckle tracking imaging(STI).Methods Left anterior descending coronary artery and left circumflex artery were ligated to induce myocardial infarction(MI) of 28 normal rabbits.There were 23 survivors after 4 weeks.With pre-modeling ultrasonography as control group echocardiography and pathology was performed after operation.According to whether LVA formed or not,23 rabbits were divided into MI group(n=11) and LVA group(n=12).The two-dimensional ultrasonic indexes of LV were measured,then the E peak of blood flow peak velocity in the left ventricular early diastole stage,and the A peak in the left ventricular late diastole stage was measured by PWD.STI was performed to measure rotations at the levels of mitral annulus and apex in LV short-axis view,circumferential strain rate(SrC) and radial strain rate(SrR) indexes including peak systolic strain rate(SrC-S,SrR-S),peak early diastolic strain rate(SrC-E,SrR-E),and peak late diastolic strain rate(SrC-A,SrR-A) at the levels of mitral annulus in LV short-axis view.LV twist the ratio of peak early diastolic strain rate and peak late diastolic strain rate(SrCe/SrCa,SrRe/SrRa) was calculated.Results Compared with pre-operation,LV twist,SrCe/SrCa and SrRe/SrRa were lower in MI group and LVA group,especially in LVA group(all P0.05).However,E/A showed no significant difference among groups(all P0.05).Conclusion With LVA formation in rabbits,E/A shows pseudo normalization,while SrC,SrRand LV twist reduce significantly,indicating further deteriorated left ventricular diastolic and systolic function.


This study aims to find out how the emergence of hidden prostitution in Suak Indrapuri, and how the impact on the surrounding community. The research method used in this study is qualitative. Snowball sampling was used to determine informants. The results of the study indicate that the existence of this hidden prostitution place has its aims and objectives for the Suak Indrapuri if at first glance there is indeed no place for prostitution that stands above the law but in social reality, there are some people who take advantage of certain places in the Indrapuri Suak. to commit prostitution (Zina). Some people feel benefited and some feel disadvantaged. Those who benefit are those who have a place in any form and provide it to those who practice prostitution, while the disadvantaged are those who are not involved but live around the location of the area, namely the Suak Indrapuri community itself. Keywords : Social Facts, Society, Prostitution, Suak Indrapuri, Social Problems


This work describes the procedure of modeling single parameters of general loads from which I chose induction
motor and, of course, generator electrical energy – wind turbine.
I used the program Matlab for the simulation of the connection between wind power plant and electrical
network. I simulated startup of wind turbine and changes of wind flowing. I draw graphs of harmonic frequency
of current and voltage based on these changes.


There is no doubt that  practice has determined theory, but theory has typically taken over the leading role and at times has been disconnected from practice. In this respect education and linguistics reflect the priorities of society. The results of this paper's data show a strongly prevailing difference in the responses of our informants towards the eight items of the suggested questionnaire. Hence, this difference supports the fact that the theoretician and the practitioner can claim to represent a language community or its knowledge of the language. Keywords: The theoretician , the practitioner, integrated teamwork.


Cross-laminated timber has, in the last 6 years, been used for the first time to form shear walls and cores in multi-storey buildings of seven storeys or more. Such buildings can have low mass in comparison to conventional structural forms. This low mass means that, as cross-laminated timber is used for taller buildings still, their dynamic movement under wind load is likely to be a key design parameter. An understanding of dynamic lateral stiffness and damping, which has so far been insufficiently researched, will be vital to the effective design for wind-induced vibration. In this study, an ambient vibration method is used to identify the dynamic properties of a seven-storey cross-laminated timber building in situ. The random decrement method is used, along with the Ibrahim time domain method, to extract the modal properties of the structure from the acceleration measured under ambient conditions. The results show that this output-only modal analysis method can be used to extract modal information from ...


The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has a major precedent almost exactly a century ago: the world-famous H1N1 influenza virus pandemic, sometimes known to the general public as the Spanish flu. From a history of medicine perspective, it is possible to underline many potential common traits between the two. In this article, hygiene and prophylaxis strategies are analyzed in a review of the most popular Italian general medical journals at the time of Spanish flu, Il Policlinico being the most representative of them. The analysis included 40 original journal articles as well as important references to the most influential coeval national manuals and international journals. The main issues in the context of public hygiene are prophylaxis with quinine and quinine derivatives, vaccinations, face masks, disinfection, and social distancing. We draw a comparison between these and the most recent international World Health Organization and Italian national guidelines on the topic. Sadly, little has changed since those times in terms of most of the prevention techniques, even with technical improvements, showing how shortsighted doctors and physicians can be when dealing with medical history. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print September 2, 2021: e1-e9. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306455).


In post-academic science times,the scientific research prospect of universities takes on a new look.First,a tight combination between research team and research project is achieved as the team becomes the research subject of scientific project which,basically,is the carrier of scientific resources.Second,scientists pursue scientific credibility and materi- alize it through accumulation and circulation so as to maintain their scientific cause.Third, RD catches on and becomes the most important framework for science and technology in- novation in universities.


Owing to their unique nanosize effect and surface effect, pseudocapacitive quantum dots (QDs) hold considerable potential for high‐efficiency supercapacitors (SCs). However, their pseudocapacitive behavior is exploited in aqueous electrolytes with narrow potential windows, thereby leading to a low energy density of the SCs. Here, a film electrode based on dual‐confined FeOOH QDs (FQDs) with superior pseudocapacitive behavior in a high‐voltage ionic liquid (IL) electrolyte is put forward. In such a film electrode, FQDs are steadily dual‐confined in a 2D heterogeneous nanospace supported by graphite carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) and Ti‐MXene (Ti3C2). Probing of potential‐driven ion accumulation elucidates that strong adsorption occurs between the IL cation and the electrode surface with abundant active sites, providing sufficient redox reaction of FQDs in the film electrode. Furthermore, porous g‐C3N4 and conductive Ti3C2 act as ion‐accessible channels and charge‐transfer pathways, respectively, endowing the FQDs‐based film electrode with favorable electrochemical kinetics in the IL electrolyte. A high‐voltage flexible SC (FSC) based on an ionogel electrolyte is fabricated, exhibiting a high energy density (77.12 mWh cm−3), a high power density, a remarkable rate capability, and long‐term durability. Such an FSC can also be charged by harvesting sustainable energy and can effectively power various wearable and portable electronics.


The rational enterprise decision makers tradeoff between returns and risks. Customer portfolio paradigm is a favorable tools to increase the value of customer base and reduce its risks. After analyzing the similarities and differences of the financial assets and customer equity, a customer portfolio optimization model is proposed. In this model, semi-variance is employed as the risk metrics considering the risk characteristics of the customer equity; multi-phase marketing strategy is its output because of the liquidity characteristics of the customer equity. A particle swarm optimization algorithm is proposed to find the solution for the NP-hard computational feature of customer portfolio model. The empirical tests from a futures company show that, given the company's risk tolerance, a multi-phase acquisition and retention strategy can be found to maximize the long term revenue of the customer equity with this model and its PSO algorithm.


Aim: to identify needs, difficulties, essential information and suitability of the use of educational technologies of family caregivers in providing informal care to dependent person in the household. Method: descriptive exploratory study with an intentional sample of caregivers and data collection performed by semi-structured interviews to 12 caregivers using sociodemographic questionnaire and assessment by Barthel Index. Results: participants were mostly women, daughters, in professional activity and mostly 57 years-old. Dependent people were mostly women, most of the sample was totally dependent and mostly 78 years-old. It was identified a need for information in order to develop skills in knowledge, instrumental and social support for the self-care on feeding, mobility and locomotion and the usefulness of educational technology. Conclusion: this study contributes to a better performance of nurses in training of caregivers on the care of the dependent person


INTRODUCTION Line 9 of Barcelona's Subway is designed to join the city areas crossed by the two rivers that delimit Barcelona: Besós and Llobregat, connecting the city with the airport placed in the SE. This line is 47.8 km long and it will have 52 stations. It is expected to contribute in an efficient way to improve the transversal transport in Barcelona, by connecting the greater part of the currently existing radial lines. A relevant characteristic of the Line 9 is the objective of minimizing the volume that the conventional stations occupy transferring a part of it to the line tunnel. In order to reach this objective the line tunnel must house 2 levels for railway traffic, which become platforms in the stations; which requires a diameter of the tunnel excavation of 12 m. Photo 1 illustrates the layout of the platforms and the vertical shafts that form the stations.


(54) NUCLEAR FUEL ROD WITH UPWARD3,671,393 6/1972 Williams ................................ 176/73 SHIFTED PELLET STACK AND A DEVICE 3,679,545 * 7/1972 Leirvik ........ ... 176/68 TO REALIZE SAME 3.996,100 * 12/1976 Oguma et al. .......... ... 176/68 4,036,691 * 7/1977 Meadowcroft et al. ... 176/68 (76) Inventor: Yousef M. Farawila, 1900 Stevens Dr. 4,111,748 : 9/1978 Hayashi et al. ... 376/412 811, Richland, WA (US) 99352 4,123,326 10/1978 Shinbo ........ ... 176/68 s s 4,257,847 * 3/1981 Gibby et al. . ... 176/68 4,557,892 * 12/1985 Komada .......... ... 376/412 (*) Notice: This patent issued on a continued pros4,596,690 6/1986 Kadambi et al. .................... 376/418 ecution application filed under 37 CFR 4,642,217 2/1987 Wilson et al. ....................... 376/451 1.53(d), and is subject to the twenty year 4,678,924 7/1987 Loriot et al. ........................... 29/407 patent term provisions of 35 U.S.C. 154(a)(2). FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS


The social public power that is governmental authority,it is necessary to maintain social order and construct the harmonious society.No public power,no social order.But there are inequality between civil right and public power,public power enjoy the domination of the right of individual citizens,and be backed up by the State,citizens was vulnerable groups,individual citizens can not counterbalance against governmental authority,so they are often in passive,subordinate status,vulnerable to be violated.If public power be abused,the state,collectives and the interests of the citizens will suffer losses caused by authority beyond any crime.Therefore,in order to control the expansion of executive power,and strengthen the legal control of executive powers in order to prevent its abuse and the exercise of authority,in order to protect the basic human rights,Avoiding the alienation of power to damage the people's democratic rights.


Gold clusters embedded in a fluorocarbon polymer film, when illuminated with a focused laser beam, can be made to melt and coalesce into a conducting metal line. This new approach can produce microcircuit patterns directly on a fluoropolymer carrier, says Paul B. Comita, a physical chemist who led the research at IBM Almaden Research Center in San Jose, Calif. Comita's work is "very novel and interesting and has fundamental and practical applications," says Joseph Chaiken, a physical chemist at Syracuse University. Chaiken says he invited Comita to speak at the Physical Chemistry Division symposium he organized because the IBM work impressed him as being exciting and different. Scientists have studied extensively the laser-induced decomposition of solid thin films for the purpose of patterning thin metallic films on solid substrates. Comita's work, though, appears to be the first demonstration of the use of a laser to fashion gold conducting lines from gold clusters scattered throughout a ...


In the immersion testing of components made of anisotropic materials, such as composites, the sound beam of an ultrasonic transducer is strongly affected by both the surface geometry of the component and the nature of the anisotropy. To date, ultrasonic beam models typically can handle effectively only special geometry cases (e.g. beam aligned with principal curvature axes) and special material conditions such as specific types of anisotropy (transverse isotropy, etc.) or material directions (alignment with acoustic axes of symmetry). Such limitations make it difficult to use such models in performing general ultrasonic simulations. To remedy this problem, we have recently developed a new ultrasonic beam model that can handle, with few limitations, both general interface geometries and general anisotropic material properties. The model uses a combination of the paraxial approximation and superposition of multiple Gaussians to produce a formulation that is simple in structure, computationally very efficien...


Multitarget compounding system is a decisive subsystem of the infrared hardware-in-the-loop simulation system and the concentric structure with dimpled mirror is a potential multitarget compounding system. By inducting the off-axis aberration, the effect of off-axis aberration on broadening beamwidth was investigated for the practical multitarget compounding system. A critical abaxial distance was found when the axial spherical aberration was equal to the focal length of small mirrors. Outgoing beamwidth was increasing with abaxial distances when abaxial distance was over the critical distance. A laboratory multitarget compounding system was designed to demonstrate the effect.


The cooling performance efficiency and pressure drop of charge side are most important in intercooler design. It is needed to be optimization of the fin and tube parameter for intercooler performance improvement. The relation between cooling performance and pressure drop usually have reversed trend. The inner fin changing is usually considering the method of performance improvement. But it sometimes make the big charge side pressure loss. The higher charging pressure drop cause to reduce the intake busting pressure in manifold. It makes torque down and slow responsibility. It directly connects power loss in vehicle. As well as minimize charge side pressure drop in core, tank design for uniformed air distribution in core is very important. This are showing tank design guide to minimize pressure drop without serious performance lose through CFD analysis.


Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecologic cancer in economically developed countries, and the second most common gynecologic cancer in economically developing countries [2]. Women in the United States have a 2.6% lifetime risk of developing uterine cancer, with the average age of diagnosis being 61 years old [2]. Eighty to ninety percent of the time, abnormal vaginal bleeding or discharge is the primary chief complaint [3]. At the time of diagnosis, the risk of the patient having distant metastases is approximately 8% [4]. Common sites of metastases from uterine cancer are the lungs, liver, inguinal and supraclavicular nodes, bones, brain, and vagina [5]. With regards to alternate sites of metastasis, the Bartholin glands are a rare target, with few case reports published of their existence. Primary cancers of the Bartholin gland, however, have been described, with many case reports detailing them and their potential for metastases to the liver, lungs, and even the brain. We present a case of a perimenopausal woman who initially presented with a left vaginal lesion and irregular menses that was later found to have a poorly differentiated carcinoma in both the Bartholin gland and endometrium. Histology and imaging later determined the endometrium to be the primary source of the malignancy.


Eurocom data communication control protocol has been widely applied in the communication network due to its robustness, but the study of its performance is still rarely published. In order to provide a sound theory foundation for its practical utilization, this paper focuses on its performance analysis such as loss probability, delay, network scale and traffic burden analysis through the combination of mathematics analysis and computer simulation. What's more, this paper proposes an improved methodology. Mathematics analysis and simulation result show that this strategy can improve the overall network performance.


In the paper by Pickering et al1 published in this issue of Drug Design, Development and Therapy, the authors explore the brain areas actively involved in the mechanism of action of acetaminophen as an analgesic in healthy subjects using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). In this randomized, double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled study, healthy subjects were exposed to experimental thermal stimuli with acetaminophen or placebo. fMRI experiments were performed on a General Electric Discovery MR 750 3.0 T using a 32-channel head coil with subjects lying supine. A standard whole-brain gradient echoplanar imaging sequence was utilized for the functional scans. The neuroimaging data were preprocessed and analyzed using Statistical Parametric Mapping version 8 (Wellcome Department of Imaging Neuroscience, London, UK) in Matlab 7.12 (Math-Works). The blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) images were then spatially normalized into the Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital (MNI) space using trilinear interpolation, with the normalization parameters determined during normalization of the structural images. Subsequent spatial smoothing using an isotropic 8 mm full-width half maximum Gaussian kernel was applied to the functional images to increase the signal-to-noise ratio. On the basis of a priori hypotheses regarding the involvement of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), insula, prefrontal cortices, thalamus, and periaqueductal gray (PAG) in the pain-reducing effect of acetaminophen, Pickering et al1 applied structurally defined region of interest analyses to compare neural activity in these regions between groups during a thermal pain stimulus. Regions of interest, ie, the PAG, ACC, insula, prefrontal cortices, and thalami, were defined using the Marsbar tool in Statistical Parametric Mapping version 8. Beta extractions were then performed, in order to assess group differences in neural activity in these regions during a thermal noxious stimulus. The study has shown that activity in response to noxious stimulation was suppressed with acetaminophen compared with placebo in the prefrontal cortices, insula, thalami, ACC, and PAG. The correlation between the fMRI signal for diminution of activation (T100–T0) and the diminution of pain intensity was significant for acetaminophen (P=0.002) but not for placebo. The imaging results are consistent with the behavioral analgesic effects of acetaminophen.

The above study provides evidence in healthy subjects that acetaminophen reduces the pain-related BOLD signal responses arising from noxious thermal stimulation in several brain areas of the pain matrix. The reduction of perceived pain intensity scores simultaneous with the reduction in pain-related activity is consistent with the observed changes in BOLD signal resulting from the analgesic effect of acetaminophen. Compared with placebo, acetaminophen reduces significantly the pain-related BOLD signal responses arising from the noxious thermal stimulation in the selected regions of interest, ie, insula, ACC, thalamus, and prefrontal cortices. This suggests an inhibitory effect of acetaminophen on spinothalamic tracts, leading to decreased activation of higher structures and a resulting antinociceptive effect of acetaminophen.1 The authors have proposed a "top-down phenomenon" with an active engagement of the PAG for the mechanism of action of acetaminophen as an analgesic and a specific action on the midbrain neurotransmission system.

This interesting study by Pickering et al1 demonstrates the significance of fMRI application in probing the mechanisms of action of therapeutic drugs, especially for those that act on the central nerve system (CNS). Recently, there has been a large number of published studies of fMRI in healthy volunteers or patients that aimed to explore the mechanisms of action of CNS drugs.2–4 fMRI is able to characterize the effects of CNS drugs associated with conditions and disorders such as pain, schizophrenia, epilepsy, depression, drug addiction, Alzheimer's disease, stroke, alcoholism, and obesity.2 fMRI has shown potential for distinguishing effective from noneffective compounds (placebo) and for predicting the clinical efficacy of drugs. These capabilities suggest that fMRI could provide a complementary, noninvasive adjunct to molecular imaging for detecting drug-related modulation of brain activity.2 fMRI may also represent a useful approach to improving the success rate of CNS drug discovery whereby CNS drug failures can be avoided at the early stages of development.

A number of fMRI studies with analgesics have demonstrated the coupling between subjective pain intensity ratings and objective BOLD responses measured in central structures.2,3,5–8 Analgesics studied using fMRI include alfentanil,9 methadone,10 buprenorphine,11 morphine,12,13 parecoxib,14 oxycodone,15 naproxen,16 lidocaine,17 pregabalin,18 naloxone,19,20 nalbuphine,20 indomethacin,21 aspirin,22 remifentanil,23 propofol,24 and ketamine.25–27 For example, it was found that nalbuphine (an opioid agonist), like morphine, attenuated activity in the inferior orbital cortex but increased activity in the temporal cortex, insula, pulvinar, caudate, and pons in healthy male volunteers.20 In addition, nalbuphine induced functional connectivity of the caudate and multiple regions in the frontal, occipital, temporal, insular, middle cingulate cortices, putamen, and many areas in the cerebellum.20 Coadministration of naloxone selectively blocked activity in the pulvinar, pons, and posterior insula. These studies have provided new insights into how analgesics act on CNS-specific areas, and the image information from fMRI may be used as new biomarkers for monitoring the effects and side effects/toxicities of analgesics. fMRI offers new opportunities to evaluate and compare the effects of existing and new analgesics on human brain activity and to provide system-level predictions for how new drug candidates for chronic pain will affect the brain, thus accelerating drug discovery and allowing repurposing of existing drugs for new indications.3

However, when we understand the usefulness and applicability of fMRI in the functional pharmacology of CNS drugs, several limitations to this study by Pickering et al1 have been noted. First, the resultant data from fMRI is just structural, not really functional, and thus functional validation studies are often needed to confirm the fMRI data. Second, this study is a single-dose one, and does not include the regimens for chronic usage of acetaminophen. The dose-response relationship is not explored, and the time course is not well characterized. Third, the study was carried out in healthy volunteers, not patients. Finally, variation in study protocols and analysis techniques has made fMRI difficult to produce consistent data on the associations between subtle modulations of brain activity and the clinical efficacy of CNS drugs. fMRI does not quantify physiological variables directly associated with drug action, so identifying evidence for the efficacy of compounds must be based on empirically established associations between brain activity patterns and measurable clinical variables, such as clinical therapeutic outcomes.2 It is important that imaging tools are able to offer predictive capabilities beyond what can be obtained from clinical measures alone. Direct brain correlates of available behavioral and clinical measurements, which may be affected by factors unrelated to long-term efficacy, will not necessarily provide substantial additional predictive value for evaluations of CNS drugs. Therefore, as the authors have pointed out, further binding and connectivity studies are warranted to assess how the analgesic effect of acetaminophen relates to cerebral and descending modulation of pain, especially in chronic dosing of acetaminophen in patients.

Since evaluations of the therapeutic potential of CNS drug candidates in humans are often difficult and expensive, with efficacy unreliable, hard to measure, and slow to manifest, fMRI represents a noninvasive imaging technique that can complement molecular imaging for systemic studies of new and existing CNS drugs. fMRI is also widely used to explore the molecular mechanisms of pain and other disorders.4 A deep understanding of how CNS drugs act on specific brain regions is important for optimized use of these drugs and may provide a base for precise medicine. fMRI may help with the development of more selectively targeted CNS drugs.


In this paper, we present a multi-channel acoustic echo canceller that is integrated into the transfer-function generalized sidelobe canceller (TF-GSC). The proposed scheme consists of a primary TF-GSC, for dealing with the noise interferences, and a secondary modified TF-GSC, for dealing with the echo cancellation. The secondary TF-GSC includes an echo canceller embedded within a replica of the primary TF-GSC components. Experimental results demonstrate improved performance compared to cascade schemes of acoustic echo cancellation and adaptive beamforming.


The functional specifications of the sub-train position feedback for the NLC Main Linac are determined by the expected amplitude and spectrum of distortions to the bunch train, which in turn arise from the long-range wakefields of the rf structures. We describe a method for estimating the amplitude and spectrum of the distortions due to assorted structure misalignments, and apply the method to both tilted structures and structures with a cell-to-cell misalignment determined by a random-walk model. Some implications for the sub-train feedback, such as the required system bandwidth are considered. .. Spectral Content of the NLC Bunch Train due to Long Range Wake elds Peter Tenenbaum LCC-Note-0015 10-May-1999


The function word "XU" is usually used in two types of modifying structures in Zu Tang Ji(Records of Buddha's Hall).The differences between them lies their grammatical positions which are complementary,and both structures have the same meaning of "small amount" and possess the characteristics of the jargon of Zen Buddhism.


Two hundred and fifty households comprising in general three adults and four children were randomly sampled in and around Nsukka Local Government Area in Anambra State, Nigeria, to investigate the patterns of consumption and utilisation of cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata), with the long‐term aim of finding ways of maximising its production and consumption. Information was obtained by means of a questionnaire administered in the households, and general physique was assessed by anthropometrie measurements on pre‐school children. The study showed that 13 % of the children investigated were mildly malnourished according to their weight‐for‐height, while 41 % were stunted. It was found that cowpea was very popular; being consumed twice a week or more often by 88 % of respondents, usually in the form of bean‐staple mixes, and 96 % of the households used cowpea for infant feeding. Different techniques for repelling weevils during household storage and current methods of preparing traditional cowpea foods were reporte...


Pyrotechnic reaction residue particle (PRRP) production, sampling and their basic analyses are similar to that for primer gunshot residue (PGSR). Both types of particles originate from energetic chemical reactions that generate products that are initially melted and/or vaporized. These chemical reaction products are dispersed by the temporary and permanent gases from the chemical reaction. Then the reaction products solidify and are deposited as tiny spheroidal particles on objects in the area. Sampling is accomplished using conductive carbon adhesive dots. Analysis is performed using scanning electron microscopy to locate potential PRRPs and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy is used to characterize the signature of each suspect particle's constituent chemical elements.


Abstract Rapid and uniform crop establishment is a prerequisite for efficient crop production and minimal environmental impact. Extensive experiments were carried out in shallow plastic boxes placed in the field directly on the ground for studies of the effects of seedbed properties on emergence of small-grain cereal crops in a cool, temperate climate. This paper presents studies of the seedbed as a protective layer against evaporation and the requirements for good emergence under dry weather conditions. Without rainfall after sowing, nearly complete emergence of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) was obtained, when rapidly germinating seed was placed on a moderately compacted basal layer containing at least 5% (w/w) plant-available water and covered by a 4 cm deep surface layer consisting of aggregates < 5 mm. This applied even when initial water content in the surface layer was below the wilting point and potential evaporation was high. If the soil at 4 cm depth is drier or if a sufficiently fine seedbed cannot be obtained, then seedbed and sowing depth should be somewhat greater, and if the soil is wetter, then the depth may be smaller. There were only small differences in emergence between surface layers consisting of aggregates < 2 mm, 2–4 mm or 2–5 mm, or dominated by these aggregate fractions, but when the surface layer consisted of coarser aggregates, emergence was usually much lower. Determinations of water losses from the soil during the experimental period showed that the differences in emergence were caused by differences in efficiency of the seedbed to control evaporation. The results indicate that, in an initially wet soil, it is always possible to find a time and method for seedbed preparation and sowing that lead to good emergence of small-grain cereal crops, even with a lengthy period without rainfall after sowing.


Airborne electromagnetic methods have been applied extensively over the last four decades to exploration for base and precious metals, salinity studies, and geologic mapping. They are becoming more favored as rapid reconnaissance methods to cover large tracts of land, particularly in areas of soil cover. Moving source AEM systems have improved much over the last decade such that lower frequencies and more precise measurements can be made thereby increasing their effective depth of investigation. Further improvements hinge on innovations in data collection and processing.


The historical territory of Guipuzcoa, which belongs to the Basque Autonomous Community, is uniquely characterized by its rural settlements, the so-called caserios, which are small family farms that perform a great deal of the agricultural activity in this Spanish province. Most of the caserios are located on the mountainsides, because a great part of the narrow valleys, where the population in Guipuzcoa has devaloped, is occupied by industries and urban centers. Rural settlements are consequently scattered in isolated farmsteads or small hamlets to which access is difficult. In 1982, the Basque Autonomous Community Government and Guipuzcoan authorities therefore established a Plan for Rural Infrastructure Improvement, including technical aid and financial support for the construction or rehabilitation of rural roads. As part of this plan about 600 km of these roads were surfaced between 1982 and 1985, which represents about 50 percent of the total existing network. Both rigid and flexible pavements were used in road construction. Asphalt pavements are always constructed by contractors, but a traditional procedure of communal work is employed to construct concrete roads. This procedure is callled "auzolan" in Basque, which means unpaid work performed to fulfill communal needs. Reductions in constructon costs of over 20 percent have been achieved through the use of the auzolan work organization. Maintenance costs are also lower when compared with those of flexible pavements, because any repairs that are needed are normally performed by the farmers themselves. Therefore, the number of municipal authorities that are choosing to build concrete roads is steadily increasing.


Objective:To expand the experimental data and re-evaluate the special safety of Mezlocillin Sodium and Sulbactam Sodium for Injection. Methods:We prepared Different concentrations of Mezlocillin Sodium and Sulbactam sodium for Injection in saline solution and checked the inspection of hemolysis and cohesion through in vitro hemolysis test, the vascular irritation of rabbit auricular vein, and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. The pH value, particulate matter and osmotic pressure molar concentration (OPMC) were determined according to the methods in the appendix of Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2010 Part II, as well. Results: Mezlocillin Sodium and Sulbactam sodium for Injection had no vascular irritation and injury effect on rabbit vascular endothelial cell, and no evidences of hemolyzation and aggregation on rabbit erythrocyte at required clinical concentration, whereas the vasculitis and thrombosis were observed when this concentration increased. Since the particulate matter and OPMC exceeded the standard only when more than 10 times of its clinical concentration, the damage must be caused by the drug itself. No allergic reaction on guinea pig skin was observed at the maximum tolerated dose. Conclusion: The results of special safety tests fit the new drugs application requirement at clinical concentration. This concentration should be strictly followed in clinical use to prevent from the damage of erythrocyte and endothelial cell by the drug itself. It is necessary to expand the special safety tests.


1. The Significance of Oil and Gas 2. Introduction to Oil and Gas - The Upstream Sector 3. The Downstream Sector 4. A History of the Oil and Gas Industry 5. North America's Business Environments 6. The Middle East and North Africa - Rentierism and Resource Nationalism 7. Europe's Green Strategies 8. Asia and the Pacific Region - Ensuring Supplies 9. Eurasion Oil and Pipeline Politics 10. Latin America and the Caribbean - Environmental Issues 11. Sub-Saharan Africa - Corruption and the Resource Curse 12. Trends and the Future of Oil 13. Conclusion


The significance of the insurance of farmers' interest on social stability,economy development and the consolidation of socialism was expounded.It was pointed out the in the construction of socialism new countryside,farmer failed to have insurance in the freedom,equality,education and employment.The construction of sound law and regulation was proposed to safeguard and protect farmers' rights from political,economical and cultural aspects.


SHI Pang,born in Taihu,Anhui Province,was a hard-won prodigy in the Qing Dynasty.He was a man of high attainments in literature,painting and sculpture and also explored profoundly in astronomy,geography and military calculation.His two analects-liked informal essays,Wu Yu and Guan Wu Pian,really are the records of his thoughts with amazing sentences and unique thoughts.His literary works are characterized with outstanding expression of feelings and distinctive style.The comment on his Tian Wai Tan in the comprehensive table of contents of Siku Quanshu as a bit deviant is partial and should be identified and corrected.


Magnesium based alloys have versatile applications in cathodic protection systems and therefore studies on the corrosion and galvanic behavior of these alloys are still needed. because most of the commercial sacrificial anode are propertiory products. ln the present studies an alloy of composition Mg-6.6AI-2.7Zn was studied. SEM observation indicate that surface attacks are mainly localized. Galvanic corrosion studies indicate that the corrosion rate of Mg alloy (when coupled with steel) decreases with passage of time. This means that the alloy remine stable even after 160 hours.


BACKGROUND: According to AABB standards, fresh‐frozen plasma (FFP) should be thawed at 30 to 37°C and expire after 24 hours. An increase in the aggressive management of trauma patients with thawed plasma has heightened the risk of plasma waste. One way to reduce plasma waste is to extend its shelf life, given that the full range of therapeutic efficacy is maintained. We evaluated the effect of prolonged storage at 1 to 6°C on the activity of Factor (F)V, FVII, and FVIII in plasma thawed at 37 or 45°C.


This paper introduces the principle and typical operational modes of double effect distillation,and discusses its selection and application.Based on actual operational data,the energy saving influencing factors are studied.The factors include reflux ratio,operational pressure of the tower and so on.


A mathematic model with its optimal scheduling objective of achieving maximum power output does not meet the environmental and ecological demands.The paper gives a thorough research on various optimal scheduling mathematic models for small hydro plant.An optimal scheduling mathematic model with controlled reservoir level and minimum surplus as its objectives is proposed.The environmental and ecological functions of small hydro are taken into consideration in this model.It studies the optimal scheduling of small hydro plant based on Cultural Algorithm(CA),which characterized by co-evolution and co-promotion of the population space and belief space.An improved GA is used to represent the population space and a APSO algorithm to deal with the local variation as belief space governing population space.The optimal scheduling results delivered by different mathematic models are analyzed by utilizing CA.It is showed that the CA and the developed model are effective.


Gender discrimination has been demonstrating in the proses since 1990s.In the proses of Ji Xianlin,Jia Pingwa,Mo Luo,Liang Xiaosheng and those of the so called "petite women",writings with gender discrimination are all existed,reflecting the influence of the thought of man's right under the thousand years of hierarchic society.


We find evidence that new CEOs manipulate real business activities – but not accounting accruals – to manage earnings downward relative to established CEOs. This earnings "bath" occurs as early as the CEO transition quarter. Further, we find that the degree of real earnings management is positively correlated with new CEO "time at the helm" in the transition quarter. Real earnings management is significant following both routine and non-routine CEO turnovers; this stands in contrast to earlier findings that accruals earnings management is more pronounced for nonroutine CEO turnovers. JEL classifications: C23, G14, M40


The plant cover of the boreal uplands of Central Norway. I. Vegetation ecology of Solendet nature reserve; haymaking fens and birch woodlands


Wind-blown dust models use input data, including soil conditions and meteorology, to interpret the multi-step wind erosion process and predict the quantity of dust emission. Therefore, the accuracy of the wind-blown dust models is dependent on the accuracy of each input condition and the robustness of the model schemes for each elemental step of wind erosion. A thorough evaluation of a wind-blown model thus requires validation of the input conditions and the elemental model schemes. However, most model evaluations and intercomparisons have focused on the final output of the models, i.e., the vertical dust emission. Recently, a delicate set of measurement data for saltation flux and friction velocity was reported from the Japan-Australia Dust Experiment (JADE) Project, which enabled the step-by-step evaluation of wind-blown dust models up to the saltation step. When all the input parameters were provided from the observations, both the two widely used saltation schemes showed very good agreement with measurements, with the correlation coefficient and the agreement of index both being larger than 0.9, which demonstrated the strong robustness of the physical schemes for saltation. However, using the meteorology model to estimate the input conditions such as weather and soil conditions, considerably degraded the models' performance. The critical reason for the model failure was determined to be the inaccuracy in the estimation of the threshold friction velocity (representing soil condition), followed by inaccurate estimation of surface wind speed. It was not possible to determine which of the two saltation schemes was superior, based on the present study results. Such differentiation will require further evaluation studies using more measurements of saltation flux and vertical dust emissions.


Throughout the course of a research study that involves data, there are many opportunities for making errors. Poor survey construction, data collection methods that introduce bias, misuse of statistical analysis procedures, and misinterpretation of results can all lead to drawing incorrect conclusions. Researchers who are producing reports need to be able to collect and interpret data accurately, and clinical practitioners who are reading reports need to be able to assess the statistical content of such reports. While the technology of today makes it relatively easy to produce numerical summaries of data sets, the interpretation of the output still requires some careful thought. Correct interpretation of inferential procedures will be the focus of this article, and common misinterpretations will be described. CONFIDENCE INTERVALS One of the most commonly used inferential tools is the confidence interval. A confidence interval is used to estimate a parameter of interest and is of the form: estimate ± margin of error. An example of a fairly standard interpretation of a confidence interval might be the following: "We are 95% confident that the true mean age is between 25 and 35 years old." Here 95% tells us how confident we are in the process of constructing the confidence interval. If we were to randomly select samples of a particular size over and over again and construct a confidence interval for each one in this same manner, in the long run approximately 95% of the intervals would contain the true value that we are trying to estimate. Example:


The model of vibration signal of gearbox pair in the form of periodically correlated non-stationary random process is considered. It is shown that hidden periodicities in biperiodic correlated random process mean and covariance function, characterizing the vibrations of gearbox pair can be detected using the component and least square methods. Seven particular cases of the bi-rhythmic hidden periodicity for different modulation modes are analyzed.


Electrical conductivity of polymer nanocomposites was studied. Investigated samples were prepared on the basis of polypropylene matrix with carbon black nanoparticles filler using melt technology. The frequency spectra of electrical conductivity in the range of 4 Hz–5 MHz in the temperature range of 293–373 K for various filler mass fractions were obtained. It was found that the experimental data can be reliably approximated by power law function. Obtained dependencies indicate the hopping conduction mechanism in investigated polymer composites.


University Departments employing prehistoric archaeologists have a long history in the United States and the United Kingdom, going back to the end of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth. Developments in prehistoric archaeology in Australia and New Zealand, however, began only in the 1950s, generally within Anthropology or History Departments. The initial appointments of prehistoric archaeologists in New Zealand and Australia are considered here, involving the Universities of Auckland, Melbourne, Sydney, New England and the Australian National University. While circumstances and influences varied between these places, there was also considerable cross-fertilization. British Universities, particularly the University of Cambridge and the London School of Economics were the main influences on developments in Australia and New Zealand. Individuals, such as Raymond Firth, were also important. Similarly, Gordon Childe played an unacknowledged role in the creation of a position in prehistoric archaeology at the Australian National University.


Audio event detection (AED) is a task of recognizing the types of audio events in an audio stream and estimating their temporal positions. AED is typically based on fully supervised approaches, requiring strong labels including both the presence and temporal position of each audio event. However, fully supervised datasets are not easily available due to the heavy cost of human annotation. Recently, weakly supervised approaches for AED have been proposed, utilizing large scale datasets with weak labels including only the occurrence of events in recordings. In this work, we introduce a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) model called DSNet based on densely connected convolution networks (DenseNets) and squeeze-and-excitation networks (SENets) for weakly supervised training of AED. DSNet alleviates the vanishing-gradient problem and strengthens feature propagation and models interdependencies between channels. We also propose a structured prediction method for weakly supervised AED. We apply a recurrent neural network (RNN) based framework and a prediction smoothness cost function to consider long-term contextual information with reduced error propagation. In post-processing, conditional random fields (CRFs) are applied to take into account the dependency between segments and delineate the borders of audio events precisely. We evaluated our proposed models on the DCASE 2017 task 4 dataset and obtained state-of-the-art results on both audio tagging and event detection tasks.


L-histidinium phosphite, [C 6 N 3 O 2 H 10 ] + . [HPO 3 H] − is monoclinic P2 1 , with crystal data: a = 8.497(7), b = 11.999(10), c = 4.967(3) A, β = 104.15(6)°, V = 491(1) A 3 and Z = 2. The crystal structure was solved with a final R value of 0.030 for 1780 independent reflections. The organic and phosphoric entities build layers parallel to the (100) plane. The [HPO 3 H] − groups, not held together by H-bonds, are linked by O − H... O and N − H... O bonds to the histidine groups. The latter are laced together by N − H... O bonds to form chains running parallel to b. In addition to this study, the atomic arrangement of the monoclinic form of L-histidine was reinvestigated, this time with an untwinned crystal


"Thursdays Gossan Prospect (also known as Victor 1) is the first porphyry copper style mineralisation found in western Victoria. The porphyry system is in the Mount Stavely Volcanic Complex at the intersection of two large faults. Porphyry style Cu-Ag-Mo(-Au) mineralisation is hosted by undeformed, weak to strongly phyllic altered, low-potassium, dacitic, sub-volcanic porphyries and surrounding sediments and volcanics. No true ""copper-mineralised quartz stockworks"" or economic primary copper mineralisation have been found. Subeconomic mineralisation is disseminated throughout most of the intrusions; the youngest phases are barren. Supergene enrichment of copper occurs as chalcocite in sediments, volcanics and intrusions. The copper mineralisation in the Thursdays Gossan system is low grade and uneconomic. Electrical surveys (RRMIP) in the 1970s indicated moderately high chargeable and conductive responses coincident with anomalous copper geochemistry. Subsequent RAB and diamond drilling showed the high chargeability to have been from disseminated pyrite and chalcocite and the high conductivity was attributed to the presence of massive pyrite. Geophysical surveys in the 1990s included gravity and airborne electromagnetic surveys. The high conductivity detected in airborne time-domain electromagnetic surveys probably reflects high groundwater salinity within the deeply weathered zone of the alteration system, rather than disseminated sulphides at depth. The gravity low of 2 mGals (20 mm s-2) is believed to reflect the lower density of the altered/weathered/oxidised rocks. Magnetic surveys over the prospect area were less definitive. Most of the very prospective but weakly magnetic sub-volcanic dacite porphyries could not be distinguished from the nonmagnetic sedimentary rocks."


Policing organisations are increasingly expected to be representative of the diversity (e.g., gender, sexuality, ethnicity and religion) in the communities they serve. However, inclusion of these officers in the workplace often requires them to fit into prevailing police culture, meaning that the cultural changes expected in association with increased diversity are not achieved as readily in police organisations. Drawing upon semi-structured interviews with twenty police detectives, in this article, I assert that there are three core characteristics required of police officers needed to promote inclusion and acceptance in their workplace, regardless of their diversity status. These characteristics are cultural congruence, competence and team-player ability—together known as 'inclusion capital'. The definitions of these three inclusion capital characteristics are shaped by the prevailing police culture and organisational policy and are subject to change. An individual officer's understanding and ability to prove these three characteristics are reflected in how well they are included and accepted amongst their colleagues. This paper contributes to previous findings on police culture using Bourdieu's theories of 'capital' in a new way to explain how and why police are included in their workplace. It also describes how these findings might be used by police managers to improve workplace inclusion for all minoritised officers.


This paper discusses power flow control in a radial distribution system in which a distributed generator (DG) is connected. The DG energy source is assumed to give a constant dc output voltage and is connected to the distribution bus through a power electronics based voltage source converter (VSC). The VSC controls the voltage of the bus to which it is connected and injects the required amount of real and reactive power into the ac system. A modification of Newton Raphson load flow is proposed which can calculate the real and reactive power that needs to be injected by the DG based only on the measurement of local variables. It has been shown that the proposed algorithm is capable of handling a change in the load or voltage sag in the ac supply system. The method is validated through simulations performed using PSCAD/EMTDC Version 3.0.7


Mixed cellularity Hodgkin's disease and diffuse non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma, mixed cell type, occurred consecutively in a husband and wife. Both patients demonstrated monoclonal IgM gammopathies. The unusual nature and possible significance of these findings are discussed.


In this issue of Neurology®, Fox et al.1 consider the important issue of how patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) perceive the risk of a variety of adverse side effects from disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) in the context of a single specific treatment benefit. An understanding of patient perceptions of risk is a crucial aspect of patient-centered care and truly shared decision making. This is and will continue to be increasingly important given the welcome expansion in treatment options that also come with increasing complexity and potential for harm. It is an area of limited previous study.2,3


To the Editor: Current Procedural Code (CPT) 76811 ("ultrasound, pregnant uterus, real time with image documentation, maternal evaluation plus detailed fetal anatomic examination, transabdominal, single or first gestation") was first included in the 2003 edition of CPT. In 2014, the Consensus Report on the Detailed Fetal Anatomic Ultrasound Examination was published. The authors of the 2014 consensus report later modified the list of indications by including the more standard definition of obesity with increased body mass index of ≥30 kg/m as an indication for 76811. On behalf of the Society for Maternal Fetal Medicine Coding Committee, we have previously published those indications listed in the Consensus Statement and the proposed modification pertaining to obesity with the corresponding ICD-10 codes. The Society for Maternal Fetal Medicine Coding Committee generated a coding white paper


(57) Abstract: The present invention provides Cryptococcus Nefomansu for patients in need of treatment of Cryptosporidium Pabamu and Candida albicans, Cryptococcus Nefomansu, methods of treatment against Cryptosporidium Pabamu and Candida albicans to. These methods comprise administering a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to a patient, in the formula (I), X is in the para or meta position, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkylaryl, halogen, or (a) (wherein, each R Others -CONHR , Alkylamino alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or alkylaryl), R


The present work describes the results obtained from microstructural and mechanical evaluation of post-weld heat treated friction stir welds of 2024 aluminum alloys in the W temper state. Post-weld heat treatments have been carried out at 510 °C for 2.5 h followed by ageing at room temperature for 6 months, at 100 °C and 190 °C for 10 h, and by cooling in static air (O-temper). The solution treatment caused abnormal coarsening of the grains in the stir zone, which resulted in a drop in microhardness. The strength of the as-welded joint was significantly incrased by post weld heat treatments. The maximum hardness and strength values were obtained in T6 (190 °C, 10 h) treated joint. However, the T6 (190 °C, 10 h) treated joint had the lowest ductility. On the other hand, the tensile properties of the post-weld heat treated joints were far lower than those of the unwelded base materials in the same temper states. In addition, the post-weld heat treatments did not significantly change the fracture locations of the friction stir welds.


The Covid-19 pandemic has taken its toll on educational institutions, and learning has become fully dependent on digital platforms that have helped in the immediate transition from face-to-face to distance education. This study focused on the experience of faculty members regarding the gains involved in using digital platforms during the pandemic. The qualitative phenomenological method was used. The sample included (10) faculty members. The data was collected through the semi-structured interview tool. The data were analyzed using the objective analysis method. The results showed that there are a number of gains for distance education through digital platforms in light of the Corona pandemic, which can be developed in the future through continued learning through those systems, and the application of the integration between the electronic system and the traditional system, and these gains were represented in (4) main themes: the structure of E-learning, social interactions, outputs, trends towards the use of e-learning, under each main topic a set of sub-themes.


The STereo Imaging Channel (STC) is one of the three channels of the SIMBIO-SYS instrument on board the BepiColombo ESA spacecraft. The design of the camera consists in a double wide-angle camera with two sub-channels looking at ±20° with respect to the nadir direction. Each sub-channel can acquire three quasi-contiguous areas of the Mercury surface in different colours determined by the filters mounted on the detector. The filters are divided in two categories: 4 broad band filters (20 nm of bandwidth and centred at 420, 550, 750 and 920 nm respectively) necessary to the chemical analysis of the Hermean surface; 2 panchromatic (PAN) filters with 200 nm of bandwidth and centred at 600 nm, designed for the stereo acquisition. The nominal Field of View (FoV) of each sub-channel is 5:38°x4:8°. The in-flight stellar calibration will be performed during the nominal mission using stellar fields images. To effectively plan this calibration activity, two analyses have been performed: the first one consists in simulating the observation of stars having different apparent magnitude to derive the best integration time needed to reach a specific Signal to Noise Ratio. Considering the characteristics of the STC camera and of its CMOS detector, the threshold magnitude needed for a star to be detectable will also be determined. The second part consists in selecting the stellar fields from the ESA GAIA archive and Tycho stellar catalogue that contain a pre-defined minimum number of stars required to perform the in-flight geometrical calibration. This selection have been performed taking into account stars brighter than the threshold defined in the first part.


Pretilt angle generation for a nematic liquid crystal (NLC) and electro-optical (EO) performances of the vertical-alignment (VA)-liquid crystal display (LCD) photoaligned with obliquely polarized UV exposure on the three kinds of copoly (M4Ch-ChMA), copoly ((4-methacryloyloxy) chalcone - cholesteryl methacrylate) surfaces for homeotropic LC alignment were studied. The NLC pretilt angle of 81° was observed with UV exposure of 3 min on the photo-crosslinkable copolymer surface. The NLCs pretilt angle is attributable to increased chalcone with increasing the UV exposure time. Also, a good voltage-transmittance (V-T) curve and fast response time in the VA-LCD photoaligned with obliquely polarized UV exposure of 30 ° on the photo-crosslinkable copolymer surfaces can be achieved.


Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is a powerful tool for high-throughput analysis of gene function. Here, we developed the VIGS vector pCF93, from which expression of the cucumber fruit mottle mosaic virus genome is driven by the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter to produce viral transcripts in inoculated plants. To test the utility of the pCF93 vector, we identified candidate genes related to male sterility in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus), which is recalcitrant to genetic transformation. Specifically, we exploited previously reported reference-based and de novo transcriptome data to define 38 differentially expressed genes between a male-sterile line and its fertile near-isogenic line in the watermelon cultivar DAH. We amplified 200-300 bp fragments of these genes, cloned them into pCF93, and inoculated DAH with the resulting VIGS clones. The small watermelon cultivar DAH enabled high-throughput screening using a small cultivation area. We simultaneously characterized the phenotypes associated with each of the 38 candidate genes in plants grown in a greenhouse. Silencing of eight of the 38 candidate genes produced male-sterile flowers with abnormal stamens and no pollen. We confirmed the extent of gene silencing in inoculated flowers using RT-qPCR. Histological analysis of stamens from male-fertile and male-sterile floral buds and mature flowers revealed developmental defects and shrunken pollen sacs. Based on these findings, we propose that thepCF93 vector and our VIGS system will facilitate high-throughput analysis for the study of gene function in watermelons.


The invention designs a Viterbi decoding device and method of a Beidou navigation system. The Viterbi decoding device, as a message decoder of Beidou RDSS, mainly comprises a branch metric value calculating unit, an add-compare-select (ACS) unit, a system control unit, a storage unit, and a backtrack unit. The update of the path metric value of a Viterbi decoder is executed by the ACS unit to write a new path metric value in an address where a previous path metric value is read out. In a decoding process, a decoding state may be transferred and a path metric value with transferred state is stored after the update of the path metric value. The branch metric value calculating unit, according to a state transfer rule of a state transition pair, computes two received convolution code data so as to obtain the branch metric value of each corresponding state. On the premise of guaranteed decoding performance, the device and the method greatly decrease the user of resources by means of design optimization so as to achieve a purpose of saving logic resources.


The purpose of this investigation was to study the pathogenesis of the radium proctitis and its influence upon the cure rate. Therefore the 3,392 cases of cancer of the cervix uteri treated at the Radiumhemmet in 1914—1937 have been analysed. Since 1914 the examination, treatment and follow-up have been executed under the supervision of Prof. H E Y MAN. Thus the classification and treatment have been very uniform. Before 1930 we used the original Stockholm method, worked out by FORSSELL and HEYMAN in most cases. I t is a fractionated brachyradium treat ment where the filtration is equivalent to 3 mms. of lead given in a series of 3 treatments. A typical treatment series would be:


Poly(methyl methacrylate)/vermiculite PMMA/VMT nanocomposites were synthesized by emulsion polymerizations in aqueous dispersions containing vermiculite which were modified by methacryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (DMC). The structure of the nanocomposite was investigated by XRD,FT-IR,DSC and TGA. The results shows that exfoliate structures of vermiculite exist in the PMMA/VMT nanocomposites. Thermal decomposition temperature and glass transition temperature of PMMA/VMT nanocomposites have been improved at lower VMT contents(≤1^0 wt%).The reaction rate of polymerization decreased with adding vermiculite modified by DMC.The viscosity average molecular weight of PMMA/VMT nanocomposites has been in creased.


According to the special requirements of geography and environment in war time and combined with the main functions of monitoring command center,this paper exploits the GIS functions of monitoring command center based on the MapInfo.The paper mostly expatiates on the methods and courses of exploitation,particularly analyzes the realization of the GIS functions.


. High-performance InGaAs/InAlAs/InP Hall sensors with high magnetic sensitivity, good linearity, low temperature coefficient and high resolution are reported. These sensors use the properties of a two-dimensional electron gas and the benefit of pseudomorphic material, in which both the alloy composition and the built-in strain offer additional degrees of freedom for band structure tailoring. With the described growth optimization of pseudomorphic In 0 : 75 Ga 0 : 25 As = Al 0 : 52 In 0 : 48 As heterostructures by molecular beam epitaxy, a high electron mobility of 13000 cm 2 V − 1 s − 1 at room temperature has been obtained. A physical model of the structure including a self-consistent description of the coupled Schr¨odinger and Poisson equations has been developed to better understand the influence of the design of the heterostructure on its electronic properties. These results have been used in order to optimize the structure design. A magnetic sensitivity of 580 V A − 1 T − 1 with a temperature coefficient of − 550 ppm (cid:14) C − 1 between − 80 (cid:14) C and − 85 (cid:14) C has been obtained, and high signal-to-noise ratios corresponding to minimal magnetic field of 350 nT Hz − 1 = 2 at 100 Hz and


Field observations indicate that left turning vehicles at U-turn sections lead to a significantly bottleneck (congestion) at both origin and destination (opposing) roads. The bottlenecks have been observed in several U-turns such as Kufa –Najaf U-turn sections, Najaf –Karbala U-turn sections. It was found that left turn flow from U-turn leads to high congestion on both origin and destination roads. Therefore, field improvements have been done by the traffic policemen who create a temporary barrier from traffic plastic signs in order to protect left turning vehicles from through traffic in opposing direction. This study introduces new design for U-turn in order to protect both turning and through trafficto increase the level of performance. This design has been tested by using simulation model. The developed model (S-Paramics) has been calibrated using field data collected from Al-Najaf city. Then, the validation for the developed model has been implemented using another set of field data. Finally, the simulation model has been adopted to test the new design for U-turn. It was found that the new design gives higher capacity than the current design.


ABSTRACT A suitable temperature regime in artificial incubation of crayfish eggs is crucial for successful application in aquaculture production and conservation projects. We studied the effect of different extended cold periods (CP: 10, 24 and 38 days at 7.5 ± 0.5°C) during artificial incubation on embryonic development, incubation efficiency and subsequent juvenile crayfish performance in noble crayfish. Best results were obtained at 38-day CP with stage II survival rate of 60.4 ± 7.4% and stage II wet weight of 38.4 ± 1.9 mg. This regime synchronized embryonic development and equally reduced hatching and moulting period to 7 days with no overlap between both. Survival was high in a subsequent 100-day rearing experiment (10-day CP: 85.0 ± 9.2%; 24-day CP: 90.0 ± 4.1%; 38-day CP: 92.5 ± 2.9%) and juvenile crayfish from 38-day CP grew faster, but these results were not significant. Staggered response of embryonic development to temperature rise and improved juvenile fitness at longer CP illustrate that dormancy of noble crayfish eggs represents a form of true diapause that is regulated solely by temperature and can be accelerated beyond a threshold only at the expense of higher mortality and reduced juvenile fitness.


This article provides a brief introduction to the Yang model of specialisation and its implications for economic growth; and seeks to provide a basis for farther research by suggesting some ideas on how work on the model might be developed.


The shunt regulator is a key part of the power conditioning unit, which is becoming more and more important in the spacecrafts. Due to the nonlinear link, the switch operating with hysteresis control, the shunt regulator is a nonlinear system; however, the stability analysis method for the system is still grounded on the approximate linearization method, which neglects some of the ac and dc characteristics. In this paper, a novel stability analysis method for the nonlinear systems is proposed based on the describing function, which can be used to model the nonlinear link in the shunt regulator system. Further, the different conclusion of the shunt regulator system stability are drawn, by the approximate linearization method and the stability analysis method proposed in this paper, respectively. Finally, the simulation and experimental results prove the correctness of the stability analysis method with describing function and discover the incompletion of the approximate linearization methods on the stability analysis. Therefore, this paper provides a new way to analyze the stability of the nonlinear systems.


Access prices to public utility services networks: a theoretical synthesis - The aim of the paper is to provide a compact, but as much as possible exhaustive, treatment of the theoretical matters arising when a dominant firm, vertically integrated, controls the supply of a key input ("essential facility") for the competitors ("network"). The consequent regulatory problem of access pricing, once exposed the Ramsey-Boiteaux basic model, is faced illustrating the most important extentions and deepenings both in unilateral and reciprocal access cases. Some conclusions are at last proposed about the trade-off emerging among different objectives of the regulatory policies. Jel classification: L50; L90; H40


A model was developed to predict the fracture and fragmentation of high energy propellants during dynamic loading. The model treats crack nucleation, growth, coalescence, and fragment formation consecutively, describing each as a rate process dependent on the instantaneous value of the tensile stress and the material properties that govern the dynamic fracture response. Impact experiments were performed to determine the fracture parameters and the constitutive properties of the propellant. The model was used in a wave propagation code to simulte several types of dynamic experiments. The agreement between the simultions and experiments was good.


In the context of regression, we consider the fundamental question of making an estimator fair while preserving its prediction accuracy as much as possible. To that end, we define its projection to fairness as its closest fair estimator in a sense that reflects prediction accuracy. Our methodology leverages tools from optimal transport to construct efficiently the projection to fairness of any given estimator as a simple post-processing step. Moreover, our approach precisely quantifies the cost of fairness, measured in terms of prediction accuracy.


The purpose of this study was to explore the association among the degree of coworker support, psychological well-being and resilience, and to identify the factors that associated with resilience of nurses. The major statistical analysis results of 160 nurse were as follows. (1) resilience had a positive correlation with coworker support (r=.32, p<.001) and psychological well-being (r=.56, p<.001) and coworker support had a positive correlation with psychological well-being (r=.58, p<.001). (2) In hierarchical regression step 1 factors that had significant impact on resilience of nurse were job satisfaction (t=5.75, p<.001) with an Received (December 5, 2017), Review Result (December 12, 2017) Accepted (January 9, 2018), Published (March 31, 2018) 1 34943 Catholic University, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital 520-2, Daehung2dong, Junggu, Daejeon, Korea. email: email@example.com 2 (Corresponding Author) 39525 Dept. Nursing, Gyeongbuk College of Health. 168 Daehak-ro, Gimcheon City, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea. email: firstname.lastname@example.com Influencing of Coworker support and Psychological well-being on Resilience of Nurse Copyright c 2018 HSST 734 explanatory power of 28.2% (F=7.94, p<.001). In hierarchical regression step 2 factors that had significant impact on interpersonal communication competence of nursing students were job satisfaction (t=3.65, p<.001) and psychological well-being (t=4.71, p<.001) and explanatory power was increased to 39.8% (F=10.56, p<.001). Through this study, job satisfaction and psychological well-being were identified as having the significant effect on resilience of nurse. As a follow-up, in order to improve resilience, a study to develop programs that would promote job satisfaction and psychological well-being are suggested.


The thesis takes its departure from the extensive literature on students' alternative ideas in science. Although describing students' conceptual knowledge in many science areas, the literature offe ...


This paper reexamines a neglected chapter in the history of anthropology, the involvement of ethnographers in the internment of Japanese Americans during World War II. Anthropologists worked in the ten internment centers with the good intentions of improving camp conditions and defusing anti-Japanese public opinion. But the present study argues that their writings had a series of largely unintended effects, including restriction of discourse about removal, legitimation of relocation, and promotion of racial stereotypes about the Japanese.


The Dominant Mode Rejection (DMR) beamformer developed by Abraham and Owsley [Proc. Oceans, 1990] determines the beamformer weights from the sensor covariance matrix eigendecomposition. The weights are designed to reject signals contained in the dominant subspace, which is defined by the eigenvectors associated with the largest eigenvalues. In previous work, we developed a model for the mean notch depth (ND) of the DMR beamformer from random matrix theory (RMT) results on the sample eigenvector fidelity [IEEE Stat. Sig. Proc. workshop, 2012]. While ND is useful, other metrics such as white noise gain (WNG) and signal to interference and noise ratio (SINR) are of great interest. WNG characterizes the beamformer robustness to mismatch, and SINR quantifies overall performance. SINR loss is defined as the ratio of the SINR for a beamformer designed using sample statistics to the SINR for the optimal beamformer designed using ensemble statistics. This talk extends our previous work by considering the relations...


The ability to explain and predict the behavior in magnetic field is essential for any possible application of multiferroic materials. Motivated by the complex phase diagrams of MnWO${}_{4}$ and other spiral multiferroics, the authors formulate and investigate the anisotropic next-nearest-neighbor Heisenberg (ANNNH) model, which is a generalization of the celebrated ANNNI model to three component quantum spins. Using real-space mean-field simulations allowed for an unbiased construction of the magnetic phase diagram with multiple commensurate and incommensurate states. In particular, the biaxial anisotropy can explain the puzzling nonferroic reentrant phase of MnWO${}_{4}$ at high magnetic fields. The employed numerical technique is capable of predicting the temperature and field dependence of the ordering wave vector produced by the competition between helicity and anisotropy. An important issue raised in the present study is the effect of quantum fluctuations on the devil's staircase known to exist for the ANNNI model, but which is replaced by a ``floating'' incommensurate phase for the ANNNH model.


Rendering the interaction between light and microscopic particles in a scene, such as smoke or floating dust, has traditionally been a computationally intensive and difficult process. To produce an accurate rendering requires simulation, or reasonably accurate approximation, of how the light interacts with these particles on a fine level of detail. Specifically, when light enters an area of some participating media, it will travel until it hits a particle, then it is scattered in another direction and travels until it hits another particle, where it is scattered again, until the light escapes the media.


In the last few years many luxury fashion labels like Gucci have emphasized, in their communication, the various types of craftsmanship involved in the creation of their pieces as a mean of providing history and additional value to their products. This article investigates this phenomenon with a specific focus on issues of national identity and 'Italianicity'. First, the different strategies concerning representations of craftsmanship in discourses of production that are employed by Italian luxury fashion labels are examined. This phenomenon is investigated through a series of case studies with the aim of identifying situations of dialogue and contradiction between the strategies employed. Moreover, the article examines how both the celebration of Italian handmade craftsmanship in fashion and issues of technological developments are addressed in the discourses of production of luxury fashion goods. Also, the history of the Italian fashion system and its distinctive traits will be considered in this respect. However, narratives of Italian craftsmanship are not only present in the communication of Italian luxury fashion labels examined here. References to craftsmanship 'made in Italy' also features in the discourses of production employed by non-Italian luxury fashion brands like Marc Jacobs. In this respect, this article considers how Italian craftsmanship is strictly intertwined with connotations of quality, arguing that it can be productively employed by luxury fashion labels both to provide additional value to products and, more broadly, to enhance the reputation of their brands. Moreover, it is argued that luxury fashion labels do not merely capitalize on ideas of Italianicity that are already present but instead contribute, in an ongoing proces, to recreate them through narratives that emphasize certain values associated with them. In this sense, the Italian luxury fashion labels examined here also contribute to reinforce the positive image of their brands.


Based on the open source software model, successful and sophisticated software projects were realized. Part of the success stems from the power mobilized through the world wide collaboration of experts, leading to a decreasing complexity of problems and the sharing of workload in a straightforward manner. This idea forms the basis for a collaboration model for courseware constructors. The model discusses the dynamic network organization based on trust and the underlying technical and organizational framework for sharing pedagogical learning objects within a larger group of like-minded contributors.


Nursing students' attitudes and levels of self-confidence can be negatively impacted by unfavourable experiences they have while completing an internship. This demonstrates the importance of conducting research into the experiences of nursing students as they advance through their education. This study investigates the difficulties and obstacles that nursing students encounter while completing their internships at a hospital in Medina, Saudi Arabia. The hospital is located in Saudi Arabia. During the course of the research, a qualitative exploratory study design was utilized, and a total of eight nursing students participated. In order to collect data, face-to-face semi-structured interviews were carried out with participants. In addition to that, a thematic analysis was performed on the data. The nursing students faced a number of significant challenges and problems, the most significant of which were a lack of support, mistrust, improper behaviour, and an absence of a preceptorship program. These problems have a negative impact on nursing practice in clinical settings because of how they manifest themselves. The findings of the study indicate that there is a high probability of achieving favourable results by enhancing the internship program.


Drawing on a technology dispositions framework, this study examined the changes in teachers' beliefs, attitudes, competence, and behavioral intentions toward the use of technology in the mathematics classroom, following their engagement in professional development (PD) mediated by GeoGebra software. In a case study research design, 11 mathematics teachers from a senior high school in Ghana were purposively selected to engage in a 1-year PD program. They worked in teams to design and enact GeoGebra-based mathematics lessons. A self-report questionnaire, semi-structured interview, and lesson observation were used for data collection. Self-report data were analyzed using mean, SD, paired sample t-test, and Hedges' g. Interview and lesson observation data were analyzed using a thematic approach. The results indicated that teachers' pedagogical beliefs, affective attitudes, and competence toward technology changed following the PD. To some extent, they were able to make the goals of their mathematics lessons explicit and sequenced their instructional activities to engage students' geometric and algebraic thinking. However, their intention to put the new pedagogy into classroom practice in the future depended on multiple contextual factors: administrative support, continual professional training, and provision of adequate technology facilities. These findings have implications for practices in mathematics education, technology dispositions frameworks, and PD.


The present invention discloses a method for synthesizing a polysiloxane, which method comprises the following process steps: in a reactive monomer added to the reactor, a catalyst and water, the mixture was stirred at room temperature, the reactor was placed in a microwave reaction field, after the reaction 60 ~ 120min, was added to terminate the reaction was terminated, the polymerization product to obtain the polysiloxane, the respective components in parts by weight: 100 parts of reactive monomer, 0.01 to 0.05 parts of the catalyst, 0.01 to 0.1 parts of water, to terminate It was 0.01 to 0.1 parts. The present invention has short reaction time, monomer conversion rate, the polymerization product of narrow molecular weight distribution and molecular size is adjustable; the reaction process, no extra water degradation; low residual monomer levels.


This study was motivated by the low skill of expressing opinions in class VIII SMP Negeri 5 Bandung because students tend to participate less actively in in expressing opinions. The methods used in this research was quasi-experimental using the Nonequivalent Control Group Design. The purpose of this study were to know the impact of the project based learning Weebly Blog on the offering opinion skill in experimental class and control class. This study sample was taken with purposive sampling technique. Data collection techniques used in this study were essay tests and questionnaires. The researcher employed Kolmogorov-Smirnov test of normality as an analysis technique and hypothesis testing with t-test. The results showed that there was no significant difference between the results of the study in the experimental class and the control class. It is known based on the acquisition of sig. (2-tailed), the average value of the experimental class pre-test of 57.6, while the control class is 64.7. After being given treatment, both of them get 68. Based on the statistical data processing, the average value of the experimental class was not able to achieve greater acquisition of the control class. That is, the implementation of Weebly Blog project-based learning is not effective in improving opinion skills compared to the application of portfolio-based project learning. Keywords: Project Based Learning, Weebly Blog, Offering Opinion Skill.


Recent animal and human studies suggest that chlorogenic acids, which are the main component of the class of polyphenols in coffee, reduce blood pressure, and that hydroxyhydroquinone (HHQ), produced by roasting green coffee beans, inhibits the antihypertensive effect of chlorogenic acids in brewed coffee. To examine the effects of 4 weeks of daily ingestion of HHQ-reduced coffee in patients with essential hypertension undergoing treatment with antihypertensive drugs. Patients being treated for essential hypertension with antihypertensive drugs participated in a randomized, double-blind, crossover controlled trial. After a 2-week run-in phase, participants consumed two cans of either HHQ-reduced coffee or Control coffee daily for 4 weeks. After a 2-week washout period, subjects were crossed over to the other treatment. Blood pressure and pulse rate were measured once a week. Blood biochemistry and hematology analysis was performed before and after the test beverage ingestion periods. A4 -week ingestion period of HHQ-reduced coffee did not significantly change systolic blood pressure (SBP) or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) compared to the Control coffee. There were no significant changes in pulse rate and body weight during the test beverage ingestion periods in either group, and no clinically relevant problems were reported. These findings suggest that 4 weeks of daily ingestion of HHQ-reduced coffee does not reduce or enhance the efficacy of antihypertensive drugs in treated essential hypertensive patients.