The flavoprotein AppA is a blue-light photoreceptor that functions as an antirepressor of photosynthesis gene expression in the purple bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides. Heterologous expression studies show that FAD binds to a 156 amino acid N-terminal domain of AppA and that this domain is itself photoactive. A pulse of white light causes FAD absorption to be red shifted in a biphasic process with a fast phase occurring in <1 micros and a slow phase occurring at approximately 5 ms. The absorbance shift was spontaneously restored over a 30 min period, also in a biphasic process as assayed by fluorescence quenching and electronic absorption analyses. Site-directed replacement of Tyr21 with Leu or Phe abolished the photochemical reaction implicating involvement of Tyr21 in the photocycle. Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of wild-type and mutant proteins also indicates that Tyr21 forms pi-pi stacking interactions with the isoalloxazine ring of FAD. We propose that photochemical excitation of the flavin results in strengthening of a hydrogen bond between the flavin and Tyr 21 leading to a stable local conformational change in AppA.


From the social responsibility of the state-owned enterprises and from the view to push forward the science and technology harmonious development and the conversion development mode,the paper systematically stated the access and method to implement the social responsibility of the coal enterprise and stated the problems to be correctly solved,which would have the guidance significances to push the full coordinated and sustainable development of the coal enterprise.


A diagnosis of cancer occurs in approximately one in 1000 pregnancies. At a time usually characterised by eager expectation, it can be a devastating event for the woman, her partner and family, while presenting therapeutic and ethical challenges for her health care providers. Management of the woman requires true multidisciplinary care, including not only the oncology/haematology team, but also obstetric and neonatal teams. This book is the product of an advanced course on Cancer and Pregnancy hosted by the European School of Oncology. The 21 chapters from 36 contributing European, UK and US authors represent the latest information from experts in their fields about what are essentially uncommon cancer presentations. There are individual chapters on the presentation and management of the more familiar cancers in pregnancy such as breast, cervical, melanoma, lymphoma and leukaemia and also on rarer presentations such as


Background The correct identification of patients with Parkinson disease (PD) at risk for falling is important to initiate appropriate treatment early. Objective This study compared the Fullerton Advanced Balance (FAB) scale with the Mini-Balance Evaluation Systems Test (Mini-BESTest) and Berg Balance Scale (BBS) to identify individuals with PD at risk for falls and to analyze which of the items of the scales best predict future falls. Design This was a prospective study to assess predictive criterion-related validity. Setting The study was conducted at a university hospital in an urban community. Patients Eighty-five patients with idiopathic PD (Hoehn and Yahr stages: 1–4) participated in the study. Measurements Measures were number of falls (assessed prospectively over 6 months), FAB scale, Mini-BESTest, BBS, and Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale. Results The FAB scale, Mini-BESTest, and BBS showed similar accuracy to predict future falls, with values for area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.68, 0.65, and 0.69, respectively. A model combining the items "tandem stance," "rise to toes," "one-leg stance," "compensatory stepping backward," "turning," and "placing alternate foot on stool" had an AUC of 0.84 of the ROC curve. Limitations There was a dropout rate of 19/85 participants. Conclusions The FAB scale, Mini-BESTest, and BBS provide moderate capacity to predict "fallers" (people with one or more falls) from "nonfallers." Only some items of the 3 scales contribute to the detection of future falls. Clinicians should particularly focus on the item "tandem stance" along with the items "one-leg stance," "rise to toes," "compensatory stepping backward," "turning 360°," and "placing foot on stool" when analyzing postural control deficits related to fall risk. Future research should analyze whether balance training including the aforementioned items is effective in reducing fall risk.


FAGAN, JOSEPH F., III. Infant Recognition Memory: The Effects of Length of Familiarization and Type of Discrimination Task. CmLD DEVELOPMENT, 1974, 45, 351-356. Infant recognition memory, defined by novelty preferences, was found to vary over 4 discrimination tasks as a function of length of familiarization for 5--6-month-old infants. Briefer amounts of familiarization were effective for eliciting recognition than had previously been demonstrated. Order of task difficulty corresponded to age-related differences in ease of discrimination.


acknowledges a focus on the Federal Republic, the reader cannot help, especially given the book's title, but wish he had devoted more attention to East Germany. Detailed treatment of the GDR appears only in a handful of places, mostly in two paragraphs at the end of chapter 4. Moreover, in his discussion of the creation of the Iron Curtain, a process obviously central to this book, Mingus has overlooked much of the relevant research. Daphne Berdahl's pioneering 1999 work appears in his notes, but not the scholarship of Sagi Schaefer, for example. In particular, Edith Sheffer's 2011 Burned Bridge: How East and West Germans Made the Iron Curtain goes unmentioned. This is rather surprising, given that Mingus writes that "to residents living along this border, space was not merely an academic term or concept but an integral part of their everyday lives" (125). Beyond Berdahl's seminal work, a larger literature exists on that very space along the inner German border. All in all, though, Mingus has produced a well-researched and engaging analysis that effectively lays out the multifaceted midcentury mapping of the Federal Republic. Jason Johnson, Trinity University


This is the first book in the UK to explore the problems involved in 'touching' children in an educational environment. The book uses real-life examples taken from groundbreaking research into the mentality of today's risk culture, and highlights a maddening state of affairs in which ordinary well-meaning professionals feel they cannot offer even very young children basic levels of comforting or affection. This book also examines and explains where the law stands on these issues, and keeps its key focus on practice throughout.


Principal component analysis (PCA) is an effective multivariate statistical process monitoring approach and its most significant advantage is that no precise process model is needed. Nevertheless, PCA-based process monitoring methods show difficulties in systematically analyzing the issue of fault detectability. Based on the fault description method of fault subspace, sufficient and necessary conditions of fault detectability in the principal component (PC) space and residual space are presented. The concept of critical fault magnitude is introduced and used to analyze the detection behavior of faults. The acquired results are then illustrated and verified by fault detection examples of a double-effective evaporator process.


Introduction:
 Patients with NHL have a longer duration of illness and higher mortality rate after infection with Covid-19 1-3. Vaccination is strongly recommended to mitigate these problems in the general population, however, patients with cancer were not eligible to enter the pivotal vaccine trials. Furthermore, patients with NHL as well as other hematologic malignancies are frequently treated with B cell depleting therapies (BCDT) such as Rituximab and other anti-CD20 antibodies which in theory affect antibody production after vaccination. There are no data in the literature regarding patients with NHL and scarce data on other tumors concerning the antibody response against the S protein of Sars-Cov-2. To investigate the production of antibodies against the spike protein following vaccination against Sars-Cov-2, we studied 180 patients with cancer. We also aimed to determine if factors such as timing of BCDT in relation to number of days elapsed between such treatment and vaccination, as well as other features such as peripheral blood absolute B cell count correlate with antibody production.
 Materials and Methods:
 Anti-spike protein antibody production was evaluated in 104 patients with NHL and 76 with other malignancies. Eligible participants were aged 21 years or older. Study inclusion criteria included diagnosis of lymphoma or other hematological malignancy as well as solid tumors.
 The Dimension Exel 200 method for qualitative detection of total antibodies was used to determine antibody production. The antibody test was performed > 14 days after the second Moderna or Pfizer vaccine dose or after the Johnson & Johnson single dose.
 We prospectively evaluated antibody production following administration of BCDT as well as cytotoxic chemotherapy in 104 patients with NHL, 27 hematologic malignancies and in 49 solid tumors. In addition, we explored the timing of such treatments in relation to the vaccination date as well as the type of vaccine administered.
 Results:
 Median age was 61 and 59% were females. Of 180 entered, 104 had NHL. Of these, 95 (91.3%) were treated with BCDT, including rituximab (89), obinutuzumab (5) or anti-CD19 CAR-T cell therapy (1). BCDT was usually given together with induction chemotherapy and followed by maintenance. Histologic types of NHL treated with these therapies were: aggressive NHLs (N=35), follicular low grade (N=33), marginal zone NHL (14) and others (N=13). There were 49 patients with solid tumors. We also included 10 patients with other hematologic tumors who received BCDT and were analyzed together with the 95 NHLs to determine if this treatment interfered with anti-spike antibody production.
 Conclusions:
 These results imply a deleterious effect of BCDT on the humoral immune response to the SARS-Cov-2 vaccine. The correlation between the administration of BCDT and poor production of anti-spike antibodies is very robust, particularly in those cases who were vaccinated 9 months or less after BCDT. However, administration of cytotoxic chemotherapy without BCDT was not associated with reduced production of antibodies. In fact, almost all patients (94%) who received cytotoxic chemotherapy without BCDT, produced antibodies against spike protein (table 2). However, when chemotherapy was combined with BCDT there was a significant reduction of antibody production. These results strongly suggest that the major problem with poor antibody production following vaccination against Sars-Cov-2 relates to the use of BCDT and not so much to cytotoxic chemotherapy. The same findings apply to the 104 cases of NHL where half of patients treated with BCDT did not produce antibodies while 88% who did not receive BCDT produced antibodies (table 2). Almost all patients with solid tumors in our study (95.9%) were able to produce antibodies, irrespective of whether they received chemotherapy or not.
 These data raise the question whether vaccinated patients treated with BCDT who failed to make antibodies against the spike protein, could also benefit from a third dose.

 Figure 1

 Disclosures
 No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


We measured several stratigraphic sections in the region of Quebrada del Gramonal in southwestern Peru (Figure 1) in the summer of 1986. Small marine delta lobes at this locality provide an opportunity to resolve fundamental stratal relationships. This paper is the first published description of that sequence. Deltaic deposits at Quebrada del Gramonal show complex stacking of clinoform patterns at two scales. On the larger scale, individual progradational lobes are separated by clear angular unconformities. On the smaller scale, less dramatic unconformities document minor shifts in deposition within the individual lobes themselves.


In 2003, Kenya initiated free primary education, receiving mixed public opinions. Despite numerous studies, the program's impact on schools of different socioeconomic backgrounds remains understudied. This study aims to understand the effects of Kenya's free primary education on various schools. Using data from the Harvard Dataverse and World Bank, it evaluates factors like enrollment rates, education quality, and government expenditure. The data reveals a significant rise in enrollment rates, particularly among historically underrepresented groups. However, the implications for education quality are mixed. While the gender gap in enrollment has decreased, challenges in maintaining educational quality persist. Enhancing education quality requires investments in teacher training, resources, and infrastructure. For continued progress, sustained government funding is essential


Millennials are considered capable of working and earning. Millennial Generation has the burden to bear the progress or failure of an economy in the area because Millennial Generation plays an important role which will later become the next generation from the previous generation. Mistakes in managing finances often occur in Millennial Generation, such as not making payments, running out of income for a lifestyle, not having an emergency fund, and others. This causes the Millennial Generation to experience financial problems that have an impact on financial satisfaction. The purpose of this study is to determine the financial level of the Millennial generation. The research sample was 400 respondents. The independent variable consists of financial knowledge and financial behavior, while the dependent variable in this study is financial satisfaction. The research method used is a quantitative method with a Likert scale as a measurement. The sampling technique used in this study was purposive sampling. The data analysis method used in this research is Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and is processed using SmartPLS. Based on the results of the hypothetical variables financial knowledge and financial behavior on financial satisfaction has a value of 32,707> tα value of 1,649 means that the variables of financial knowledge and financial behavior have a positive and significant effect on financial satisfaction.


In this paper, a reconfigurable circularly-polarized antenna designed for manufacturing in LTCC technology is presented. This antenna has been designed to operate with right or left hand circular polarizations. First results show that it is possible to obtain similar axial ratios, radiation patterns and impedance matching for both operation modes mentioned above. Simulation results presented in this work show, for each operating mode, a return loss better than 10 dB from 5.5 GHz to 6 GHz and an axial ratio below 3 dB in a beamwidth of 60 degrees in XZ and YZ planes.


Background and Objective: Leukocyte filters are effective for WBC reduction but they cannot inhibit passing plasma proteins and as a result repeated protein entry may produce allergic transfusion reactions. To deal with this problem, washed RBC method is used. The traditional wash method is an open system through which waste products are carried away in sewers with the risk of environmental pollution. Newly introduced approach for washed RBCs consists of a closed system whereby waste products enter into a bag. In this study, the two methods were compared. Materials and Methods: The Two open and close wash methods were compared in terms of health system, leukoreduction, risk of transmission of infection and quality control. In each method, 100 bags were washed, coded and then transmitted to different units of blood culture, flowcytometry as well as quality control. The data were collected and analyzed by SPSS14. Results: 200 bags (100 for each method) were studied. Microbiologically, there were no positive results for any of the methods. In quality control also there was not any significant difference in the two methods. In flowcytometry, we didnt observe any significant correlation in leukocyte count in the two methods before washing (p=0.072), however.there was correlation between them after washing (p less-than 0.0001), demonstrating that the new method was better for leukoreduction. Conclusion: The new washing system method was a superior way because it involves a close system where waste products are discharged into a side bag and disposed as hospital waste. Meanwhile, this approach is more convenient for leukoreduction. In our country, since we still need a washing system for some transfusions, this method is deemed to be a decent and practical one because it impedes environmental pollution.


This paper examines research into effective teaching to show that little is demonstrated by it, apart from it confirming the need for practitioners to fulfil their prescribed roles. Effective teachers are those who provide pupils with maximum opportunity to learn. The assumption that, beyond this, there are skills more likely to guarantee a teacher's success overstretches the responsibilities of the teacher and diminishes the responsibilities of the learner.


Phytochemicals from Elaeis guineensis shell waste can be a source of starting materials in pharmaceutical and food processing industries. Since time immemorial, truckload of Elaeis guineensis shell are being treated as solid waste and the wasted shells are sometimes used by traditional herbalist who believe in the superstition working power of the shell in the treatment of some illness which is attributed to god of Satan (esu) in Southwest geopolitical zone in Nigeria. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the phytochemical composition of the methanolic extract of Elaeis guineensis shell waste for the presence of active phytochemicals and to scientifically validate its medicinal actions which was misunderstood by traditional herbalist based on superstition. The result of the phytochemical analysis in this present study revealed the presence of phenolics (11.4 ± 0.2g/100g), flavonoids (5.67 ± 0.23 g/100g), tannins (6.67 ± 0.12 g/100g), terpenoids (4.53 ± 0.12 g/100g), saponins (1.99 ± 0.01 g/100g) and alkaloids (1.81 ± 0.03 g/100g). Quantitatively, the phenolics content was found to be the highest (11.4 ± 0.2g/100g) in the sample while the alkaloids content was the least (1.81 ± 0.03 g/100g). Thus, our finding nullifies the traditional herbalist superstitious believe about Elaeis guineensis shell waste and suggests a baseline information that ethanolic shell extract of Elaeis guineensis contain phytochemicals that possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and astringent properties and the extract could possibly be used in the management of wound in traditional medicine because of the key functions of those phytochemicals reported in the past and present documented literatures. The ultimate utilization of this shell waste should be encouraged in order to enhance solid waste management as well as pollution control and thus converting waste to estimable material.


In this paper we present a method to improve efficiency of ASP based system in dynamic context. Our proposal is a reasoning framework based on combination of ASP modules. This framework can be seen as a tool to assist the development of ASP based systems. Our final goal is to provide a general design pattern to help construction of efficient ASP based reasoning systems. In this paper, we first define a method to divide the wide program into different kinds of modules. Then, we show how meta-knowledge on these decomposition can be used for meta-reasoning. We discuss the benefit of this modular reasoning method through an example of multi-agent systems in a dynamic world. Using this example, we show that this method can elegantly allow agents to realise dynamic behaviour via introspective meta-reasoning. Finally, through experimental results we show that the framework can be used to improve efficiency of ASP based system in terms of reactivity and adaptability.


In this work, we present a system of equations which describes non-isothermal flow in a bidispersive porous medium under conditions of local thermal non-equilibrium. The porous medium consists of macro pores, and in the solid skeleton are cracks or fissures which give rise to micro pores. The temperatures in the solid skeleton and in the fluids in the macro and micro pores are all allowed to be independent. After presenting the general model, we derive a result of universal stability, which guarantees exponential decay of the solution for all initial data. We further present a concrete example by specializing the model to the problem of thermal convection in a layer heated from below.


In this study we evaluate apoptosis time window of primary fibroblasts treated with cold atmospheric plasma (CAP), power range 0.4–1.4 W, for 30 sec, using γ-H2AX phosphorylation assay and flow cytometry. In contrast to irradiation where maximum of γ-H2AX foci appeared 30 min after irradiation and apoptosis 24 h later irrespective of radiation dose, treatment with CAP (power of 0.4 and 0.6) induces maximum of γ-H2AX foci 2 h after treatment. Apoptosis occurred in a power-dependent manner, with time shift of 2–3 h. Besides power-dependent time shift in apoptosis induction, apoptosis time window is the same and lasts for 2 h.


Abstract The existence of analytical solutions for two-dimensional nonlinear semigeostrophic models of moist frontogenesis is investigated. Two different schemes for the modeling of stratiform cloud thermodynamics are taken into account, one based on the assumption of an everywhere cloudy environment, while in the other the atmosphere is considered to be exactly saturated and only condensation effects are relevant. In the first case, an exact analytical solution is derived for arbitrary boundary conditions, which satisfies the requirements for the validation of the semigeostrophic approximation even when the atmosphere is conditionally unstable with respect to slantwise convection. The growth of symmetric instabilities with no short-wave cutoff is predicted for this conditionally unstable atmosphere, even under the approximations of the semigeostrophic theory. An analogous, but approximate, analytical solution is then proposed for the second case. The errors introduced by the approximation are, however, n...


AbstractThis paper experimentally studies the hydraulic characteristics of arced weirs located in a reservoir. The accuracy and ability of the response surface methodology (RSM), especially central...


Introduction: Intensive Care Units (ICU) are a major threat to nosocomial pneumonias with children being the most common victims of pneumonia. It is defined as manifestation of infection after 48 hours of hospital admission which can be also attributed to any procedures done to the patient. Aim: To find out the bacteriological profile in pulmonary involvement in the ICU setup and to determine the sensitivity patterns of these bacteria to the antibiotics by doing Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL). Materials and methods: Present study was a retrospective study conducted on children aged upto 1 month, who were admitted and ventilated for more than 48 hours and developed ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) as per CDC criteria with the data collected between a one year period from June 2020 to June 2021 and was conducted at a pediatric tertiary care centre of GMC Srinagar, India. The study included 34 BAL samples received in the laboratory from these patients. Results and discussion: The most common bacteria found out from the 34 BAL specimens was Acinetobacter baumanii which accounted to 16 samples (47%) of the entire sample size. It was followed by Klebsiella pneumonia from 8 samples accounting to 23%. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the third commonest with 6 samples accounting to 18%. Escherschia coli was isolated in 4 of the samples. Colistin was the only antibiotic which was seen uniformly sensitive (100%) among all the organisms isolated which was followed by tigecycline which was sensitive in 78% of isolated organism.


The present political and environmental climate may slow the inevitable direct utilization of nuclear power in space. In the meantime, there is another approach for using nuclear energy for space power. That approach is to let nuclear energy generate a laser beam in a ground‐based nuclear reactor‐pumped laser (RPL), and then beam the optical energy into space. Potential space applications for a ground‐based RPL include (1) illuminating geosynchronous communication satellites in the earth's shadow to extend their lives, (2) beaming power to orbital transfer vehicles, (3) providing power (from earth) to a lunar base during the long lunar night, and (4) removing space debris. FALCON is a high‐power, steady‐state, nuclear reactor‐pumped laser (RPL) concept which is being developed by the Department of Energy with Sandia National Laboratories as the lead laboratory. The FALCON program has experimentally demonstrated reactor‐pumped lasing in various mixtures of xenon, argon, neon, and helium at wavelengths of 5...


This document is an informal bibliography of the papers dealing with distributed approximation algorithms on graphs classes that are sparse, but not in the classic setting of bounded degree. We call these classes \emph{structurally sparse} which means that they are sparse because of their geometric nature (planar, bounded genus and unit-disk graphs) and/or because they have bounded parameters (arboricity, expansion, growth, independence) or forbidden structures (forbidden minors).


The fifth United Nations Millennium Development Goal is focused on reducing the maternal mortality ratio by 75% between 1990 and 2015 and achieving universal access to reproductive health care by 2015 (UN Development Group, 2010). The leading cause of maternal mortality is obstetric hemorrhage, accounting for up to 44% of deaths in some areas, 26% of which can be attributed to the lack of blood units available for emergency transfusions (Bates, 2008). In 2008, the worldwide deficit of blood units needed for transfusion was estimated at 40 million. Up to 80% of patients who require a blood transfusion in sub-Saharan Africa cannot receive one without providing their own donor in the form of a family member (Bates, 2008). If a family member is not available or the patient requires additional transfusions, he or she may not receive the necessary blood. This complicates the efforts of clinicians in resource-limited hospitals to save women suffering from postpartum hemorrhage or ruptured ectopic pregnancy, which is the largest contributor to maternal mortality occurring during the first trimester of pregnancy (Tenore, 2000). One step to prevent these deaths is having available donated blood for transfusion.


Automated first-order theorem provers have matured as standalone tools to the point that they can be used within a larger infrastructure like Isabelle's Sledgehammer. Nevertheless, there is a significant difference to the spread of SAT solvers, that occur in simple applications like configuration management but are reliably used in tight loops of larger tool chains, not the least in SMT Solvers or instantiation / AVATAR based ATPs. We cannot expect a similar level of integration due to the higher expressiveness of general purpose theorem proving. Nonetheless, here we will identify some aspects that could improve the acceptance in industry. Automated theorem provers have seen use as back-ends in larger software packages (various hammers, TLAPS) but are rarely used within a tool chain. For decidable theories, SMT solvers certainly have better properties but in this context, we focus mostly on their use as general purpose theorem provers (in other words, any SMT-LIB logic that includes uninterpreted functions and quantifier support). The ability to produce models still distinguishes SMT solvers but the support of full first order logic confronts them with similar problems as other ATPs. Many of these problems are of a technical nature: the integration of a theorem prover into an industrial project brings several external requirements into play that are easily dealt with in interactive modes. The software might need to run in a certain operating system or avoid optional components under the GPL license. The availability of certain prover features also often depends on such optional components. For example, an arbitrary precision library might only provide integers where its differently licensed alternative also provides unbounded real numbers. In interactive use, we can often restate the problem to avoid real numbers altogether. A human can also investigate the reasons for time outs easier. We summarize these problems under the titles common availability, standardized interfaces, and reliability. The analysis is centred around CVC4, E Prover, iProver, SPASS, Vampire, veriT, and Z3.


when the radiation therapy of chest and abdomen, evaluation of the tumor motion and the data was used to minimize damage to normal tissues by separating the tumor and normal tissue and maximize tumor therapeutic effect. Lung and liver cancer each 20 patients based on the 50% top phase using 4D-CT simulation and Light speed-16 of shooting equipment 30 ~ 70 % gating phase interval and 0 ~90 % movement in the full phase interval was measured. If the full phase 0 ~ 90% with gating phase 30~70% of tumors in the liver and lung is shown the biggest difference compared to the motion and the size of the GTV was the largest difference in the I(inferior), full phase 0~90% degree of tumor motion only when a relatively large, gating phase to 30~70% of the tumor when the movement has been found that the reduced average 7.1mm. In the 4D-CT simulation comparing the motion value when the full phase 0~90 % and gating phase 30~70 % when the motion value, twice in the gating phase 30~70 % more than full phase 0~90 % showed a small movement value. The exposure to normal tissues, based on the results obtained from the 4D-CT simulation can be significantly alleviated, After treatment will reduce pain and disability in patients with radiation is expected to be able to effective treatment.


Disclosed are a method and system for providing a sports community by using a smart device. The method for providing a sports community, which is performed by a computer, may comprise the steps of: generating a sports community, in which users participate, based on information about identification of the users desiring to participate in sports matches; controlling display information for starts of the sports matches between the users participating in the sports community and for measurement of records of the respective users to be displayed on a screen on which the information about the identification of the users participating the sports community is displayed; measuring a sports record of each of the users in response to selection of the display information, and generating sports record information for each of the users; matching the generated sports record information to information about identification of the corresponding user and to information about identification of the sports community, and transmitting information obtained via the matching to a server; and generating rankings of the users participating the sports community based on the sports record information, and providing the rankings.


We present the results from a large observing campaign where we obtained 61 medium resolution spectra spread over three months. We thus cover roughly five orbits and about half a precession phase. In this paper we describe the analysis of the so-called "stationary" emission lines, which we use to compute Doppler-maps of the emission distribution in the SS433-system. The radial velocities of the individual line components have been analysed. Periodic variations with the orbital period are confirmed, but also variations on longer timescales are found. These long-term variation might be either either related to the precession phase or to some transient phenomen.


Directions of thermoremanent magnetizations (TRMs) have been used to correlate and identify ignimbrites (ash flow tuffs) and related units in the Steeple Rock Mining District of southwestern New Mexico. These units have been difficult to correlate by lithology and geologic mapping, due to varying degrees of alteration (acid sulfate, propylitic to sericitic, and silification) and structural complexity in the areas. The ignimbrites of primary interest in this study are the Bloodgood Canyon Tuff, and a set of younger tuffs, including the tuff of Crom Ranch and at least three additional ignimbrites. Over 80% of the 30 sites collected exhibited well grouped (alpha95 < 12[degree]) TRM directions that are primarily carried by finely dispersed assemblages of magnetite and hematite, as determined by alternating field demagnetization data. Approximately 80% of 30 sites sampled also displayed secondary remanent magnetizations that are due to lightning induced isothermal remanent magnetizations (IRMs) and chemical remanent magnetizations (CRMs) related to the regional alteration. The CRMs occur in 67% of the sites sampled and are easily identified by their removal at low alternating field demagnetization levels, similar to lightning induced IRMs. Unlike lightning induced IRMs, which produce widely dispersed directions, the alteration CRMs are characterized by well groupedmore » alpha 95s as low as 6.2 [degree]. Nineteen of the sites drilled produced remanance directions that were useful for correlation purposes.« less


A series of polyimide (PI) and copolyimide (Co-PI) films were prepared by two-step imidization processes from the poly(amicacid) precursors. The color and visible light transmission of the Co-PI films were much better than those of the general Kapton type PI film mainly due to the decrease of the charge transfer complex formation by the presence of the CF3 groups both in the aromatic diamine and dianhydride monomers. In the ITO thin film deposition and subsequent OLED device fabrication, the thermal and mechanical properties of the Co-PI films were more important than the optical property of the Co-PI films.


The food system utilizes 12.8% of the total energy consumed in the United States. Higher fuel costs increase the need for operating only efficient steam systems in food plants. Checking combustion efficiency by monitoring flue gases and maintaining an exhaust gas temperature no higher than 150 F above that of the saturated steam helps save fuel. The importance of insulating pipelines, buildings, and some equipment is increased as available energy sources become limited. Enlarging a regenerator of a milk pasteurizer from 80 to 90% reduces steam requirements by one-half. Inserting a heat exchanger to capture heat lost through liquid or air discharges saves energy. Infra-red systems can reduce fuel consumption 50% in heating poorly insulated or partially exposed shipping, receiving, or similar areas. The energy efficiency ratio is an important consideration in selection of a refrigeration unit. When operating at low temperatures such as −28 F, a two stage ammonia system can save about 25% of the electricity ...


(57) In order to prepare an effective new drug to [summary] of gland cancer treatment, neurokinin receptor; a method of using the antagonists (NK-1 substance P receptor), the antagonist is , it


A MNDO SCF–MO study of the mechanism of acyl migration in mixed carboxylic–phosphoric anhydride systems supports the hypothesis that these reactions are concerted, involving no dipolar intermediates. The calculations reveal a marked specificity for migration to an amino group rather than to an alkoxy group. The stereoelectronic contributions to this effect are revealed by inspection of the SCF molecular orbitals. These show greater localisation along the axes of the forming/cleaving C–N and N–P bonds at the transition state for migration to N than for migration to O. The cyclic transition state for the latter also shows greater destabilising 1,3-interactions between the endocyclic heteroatoms. A more quantitative analysis in terms of localised orbitals also supports the bond localisation argument.


The research that weapons scientists are allowed to talk about is key to attracting and retaining them at the labs.


Dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) were fabricated using two metal-free organic dyes, TA-St-CA and D, with complementary absorption bands in the visible and near infrared regions. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the cosensitized DSSC (6.26%) was improved when compared to DSSCs based on individual dyes TA-St-CA (4.98%) or D (4.22%). The PCE was further enhanced up to 7.19% when deoxycholic acid (DCA) was added to the mixed dye solution as a coadsorbant. The enhancement of PCE observed in the cosensitized DSSC by addition of DCA was attributed to both suppression of dye aggregation and prevention of the backward electron transfer from the conduction band of TiO2.


The major of Chinese Language and Literature is the backbone and core specialty of liberal arts specialty. It is also a mature traditional specialty in China's higher education system. For a long time, it has formed its own unique teaching concept and personnel training mode. The new requirements of the times for talents are no longer professional counterparts, but require students to adapt to work quickly. Therefore, the curriculum should be able to reflect the cultivation of students' adaptability. In addition to the conservative and closed nature of Chinese, Chinese language has the ability to open and infinitely regenerate. Therefore, the cultivation of students' comprehensive quality is not only possible but also necessary through Chinese language and culture education. For the Chinese language and literature majors, it is necessary to learn to use the advantages of the "MOOC" for use, combined with the characteristics of the profession, in the new social situation, to tap the greater teaching potential and benefit the students. In the case of public compulsory courses, such as the proportion of the school, the curriculum of the Chinese language and literature major should adopt the construction strategy of "fining", "infiltration" and "deepening".


Abstract The norlignan (NorL) content in extractives of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) shows a decreasing tendency from the outer to the inner part of the heartwood (hW). The hypothesis, that this effect may be due to polymerization, which aggravates NorL extraction, has been explored in the present study. To this purpose, samples were collected and extracted from the outer, middle and inner parts of the hW. Fractionation procedures of NorL-oligomers by LH-20 column chromatography were established, and the fractions were characterized by advanced analytical methods such as HPLC-SEC and HPLC combined with electrospray ionization ion trap mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-ion-trap-MS). Agatharesinol and sequirin C were the most abundant compounds. Several individual NorL-dimers and -trimers were detected for the first time, and four kinds of NorL-dimers and seven kinds of NorL-trimers were semi-quantitatively analyzed by HPLC-ESI-MS combined with selected ion monitoring (SIM). The oligomer contents show an increasing tendency from the outer part toward the middle and inner part of the hW, which accounts mainly for the monomeric NorL decrement in the same direction.


This paper presents a high-speed data acquisition card based on the processor S3C2410A and FPGA.The FPGA is used for signal A / D sampling and data storage.The data is then saved in the SDRAM by the DMA mode.Then the data is sent from the S3C2410A processor to PC through the interface UATR.The data acquisition and processing of the system is uninterrupted.


In search for a comprehensive geriatric assessment, each clinician must find appropriate assessment tools for their purposes. This may vary depending on the type of clinical setting, in primary care, in the community, in hospitals, in residential care and nursing homes. In Measurement scales used in elderly care, Dr Gupta aims to provide readers with support in the broad field of geriatric assessments. This is indeed a challenging task and I am impressed with the result: a neat package of assessment tools that cover mental, physical and social aspects of health status in older adults. Dr Gupta emphasizes a holistic approach to describe the many ways in which disease interacts to cause impairment, disability and handicap in older individuals. He rightfully advocates that healthcare professionals within the geriatric field should use systematic assessments for an optimal patient care with appropriate support and resources for elderly people. This book is easy to read, gives readily accessible information of about 30 selected assessment tools, all supported by references enabling interested readers to go further into details. The information of each assessment tool is sparse in a positive way, clarifying design purpose and background, scoring and scale description, administration time, some psychometric properties of the test, and clinical applications as well as limitations. Most measurement scales are also reproduced with permission of the copyright holders, while some are only available from original sources and therefore referred to by website address or publication information. Dr Guptas' intention was to provide the busy clinician with a handy book of some commonly used scales in clinical practice. He has therefore focused upon published and clinically useful measures that are currently used within geriatric practice in the UK. Clinically useful as in ''can be completed easily in every day practice'' and thereby excluding time consuming complex scales or assessments that require complicated equipments. This is a practical approach reflecting reality, but the risk of excluding sensitive and specific assessment tools is something we need to be aware of. I believe that clinicians and consumers of gerontological literature may recognize the majority of the selected measurement scales. Yet, this book will probably widen the readers understanding of geriatric assessments as it includes such a broad spectrum of clinical scales for use in older patients in general as well as for specific patient groups such as people who have had a stroke or have Parkinson's disease. Thus, this book could be valuable to all members of a geriatric multi-disciplinary team. An important summary of principles and application of clinical scales are made by Dr Gupta in the first section of the book. Essential descriptions of psychometric properties of assessment scales such as validity, reliability, sensitivity to change and predictive values (sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values) are provided. He is addressing a novice in the statistical methods that traditionally are reported in evaluations of assessment scales. Keeping it on a basic level is pedagogically important. However, I was disappointed that he did not take the readers' understanding one step further. Prognostic validity based on likelihood ratios and preand post-test probabilities of a disease/condition would have provided clinicians with means of interpreting predictive values at an individual level. That is what everyday practise comes down to when for example screening a patient for a condition. Calculating likelihood ratio is not difficult to do when cut-off values with subsequent sensitivity and specificity is known. I would therefore encourage interested clinicians to learn more about prognostic validity for example in the references provided (1 3). Important comments on the complexity of older peoples' clinical presentation and on selection of assessment tools are repeated in the book. This truly underlines the need for a comprehensive assessment approach in clinical practice: simultaneously highlighting the difficulty in selecting the appropriate assessment tools to aid diagnosis, prognosis, process monitoring, clinical outcome evaluation, medical practice validation and so on in obtaining bases for decisions or interventions. Monitoring, reviewing and evaluating assessment tools should therefore be an ongoing concern in all practitioners. Overall, this book is definitely recommendable. In addition to providing useful and practical insights into various assessment scales used in geriatric settings, it may well serve as a starting point for multi-disciplinary strategic planning of comprehensive geriatric assessments within a clinical sector as well as between sectors for joint efforts. Nevertheless, Advances in Physiotherapy. 2009; 11: 111 112


Background/Objectives: We propose an approach that aims at improving the current method of obstacle detection so as to improve efficiency, detection rate and running time. Methods/Statistical Analysis: Background subtraction is a technique used in obstacle detection to find out the area of hindrances for traversal or navigation. In this technique two consecutive frame of video is taken for differencing and resultant giving the area in which obstacle is identified. Findings: The current technique has some limitations working under high intensity and change of illumination. We propose a hybrid approach which include merging of gamma correction with background subtraction. This method reduces the level of illumination and works well at different weather conditions. Our proposed method is useful in detection of area of changing objects and would be useful in video surveillance applications.


This paper deals with the development of compact square-loop-resonator (SLR) bandpass filter (BPF) with cross-shaped input/output (I/O) coupling. The proposed filter is designed for X-band frequency application with the center frequency of 9GHz and the −3dB fractional bandwidth larger than 4%. It is deployed on a 1.9mm thick high permittivity RT/duroid® 6010.2LM dielectric substrate with the dimension of 15mm × 15mm. From the characterization, it shows that the realized BPF has the −3dB working bandwidth of 427MHz ranges from the frequency of 8.82GHz to 9.247GHz comparable with the simulated one which has the −3dB working bandwidth of 571MHz ranges from the frequency of 8.729GHz to 9.3GHz.


Against the Gods offers a brief, but remarkably broad introduction to the question of how the OT relates and responds to certain prominent religious ideas of Israel's neighbors in the ancient Near East. The nature of the relationship between the writings of the Hebrew Bible and other ancient Near Eastern literature is both complicated and controversial. Currid acknowledges this, but also recognizes the importance of this subject for a proper understanding of many passages in the OT. He characterizes his book as "introductory," that is, not specifically written for scholars; as "exemplary," that is, not exhaustive; and "not reductionistic," that is, not seeking to simplify the complexities that are there (pp. 9-10, all page references are to the book under consideration). The author's modest aim is "to advance the debate a little, stir up some thoughts, and perhaps to make progress in the discussion" (p. 9). He states his central thesis up front in the Prologue, a firm theological perspective that is reflected in his treatment of the various issues taken up in subsequent chapters: "the Old Testament worldview is unique in the ancient Near East, and this is immediately confirmed by its all-pervasive monotheism" (p. 9).


We consider the application of mid-infrared (MIR) wavelength quantum cascade lasers (QCL) as sources for free-space optical communications. QCL's possess high modulation bandwidth and excellent optical performance in the atmospherically transparent MIR spectral range. In order to investigate this potential application area, we have performed a series of comparative evaluations on analog and digital free-space optical links operating in the near-infrared (NIR) (830nm, 1300nm and 1550nm) and mid-infrared (8μm). The measurements were made using well controlled atmospheric conditions in the 65ft long Pacific Northwest National Laboratory's Aerosol Wind Tunnel Research Facility using water vapor, oil vapor and dust as the scattering media. We measured the transmitted intensity as a function of the density of scatterers in the tunnel. We also performed bit error rate analysis of signals transmitted at the DS-3 data rate. The QCL link consistently showed a higher performance level when compared to the NIR links for water fog, oil fog and dust scattering.


This paper presents the 1000 m class large span stranded AS conductors crossing the Hanjiang River at Wangjiatan and the 2000 m class large span high strength Al alloy conductors extra high steel reinforced crossing the Yantze River at Wuhu, both are part of the Longzheng ±500 kV DC transmission line. It describes the key manufcturing technology and solutions, properties of the raw materials required for the conductors and combination of properties required for the large span conductors.


that China is facing in managing its international rivers according to its national interests, Chinese administrative organization, from the perspective of international law (pp. 197 and 207), multilateral asymmetries, and the growing importance of fresh water as an economic asset, a social instrument, and a peacemaking issue. Legal petitioners, decision makers, international organizations involved in water issues, international entrepreneurs, academics and students looking to learn more about China are among those who will greatly benefit from reading this book.


This report reviews the history of federal programs for pipeline safety, significant safety issues, and recent developments focusing on key issues for Congress.


As society becomes more culturally diverse and diseases and other health risks continue to cross national and international borders, academic schools preparing future healthcare professionals will need to address the health and wellness needs of individuals and communities worldwide. This article provides an example of many aspects of course design,following an analogy of "nuts and bolts," used by a nursing department to assist in the development and implementation of a global health course. The course in turn promotes student knowledge and skill in the delivery of culturally humanistic and sustainable healthcare services to populations across the world in their future practice.


Processing time predicting section (1) of a numerically controlled machine tool which calculates a time required for a tool to move on a designated tool path in accordance with an NC command (2), the apparatus comprising: a unit (30) which is adapted to divide the tool path into a plurality of segments; a speed calculation unit (20) which is adapted to obtain a speed in a tangential direction of each of the segments; a calculation unit for a segment travel time (50) which is adapted to calculate a time that it takes for the tool to move on each segment; and a calculation unit for a tool motion time (60) which is adapted to the total amount of time that it takes for the tool to move on the respective segments which have been calculated by the calculation unit for the segment travel time, to obtain as a tool movement time, characterized in that: the calculation unit is further adapted for a segment travel time to calculate the time on the basis of the velocity in the tangential direction, which was obtained by the speed calculation unit, the calculation unit is further adapted to calculate the velocity in the tangential direction of the segment from a start point to an end point of the segment on the basis of a predetermined constraint condition, in which the speed in the tangential direction expressed by an equation of the first degree in terms of time for each section is without regard to a time function of the speed in a tangential direction, which is calculated by a numerical control device in a Istmaschinensteuerung, and the calculation unit is set for a segment travel time to calculate the tool movement time by identifying a value obtained by integrating a speed in a tangential direction than a length of the segment.


Background and Aim: Parasitic infection commonly affects freshwater ornamental fishes. Parasites in fish may impede their growth and even cause death, resulting in a decline in fecundity. The prevalence of lernaeosis in aquaculture ponds in Indonesia requires attention because of missing data, especially from Yogyakarta. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the Lernaea species found in fish in Indonesia, particularly in Yogyakarta, molecularly and morphologically, as well as an overview of their distribution and the water condition they inhabit. Materials and Methods: Lernaea species were collected from three different fish species in two districts of Yogyakarta, Indonesia, for precise identification. Lernaea specimens were characterized morphologically and subjected to molecular identification based on 18S rRNA and 28S rRNA genes. Results: Lernaea in this study was morphologically and genetically confirmed as Lernaea cyprinacea, and the infection rate in each fish species was different. Water conditions might have contributed to the differences in infection levels. Conclusion: This study characterized L. cyprinacea isolated from Yogyakarta. Future research should focus on sequencing as much molecular information as possible and carrying out more experimental infections.


Shear viscosities of one kind of turbulent drag-reducing cationic surfactant solution, Cetyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (CTAC)/Sodium salicylate (NaSal) aqueous solution, were experimentally investigated by use of a stress controlled Reometer. The concentration and temperature of the solution ranged from 50 to 200 ppm and 20 to 40°C, respectively. The Giesekus model was found to fit the measured shear viscosities well for different temperatures and concentrations of the surfactant solution and the model parameter values obtained by fitting were correlated with temperature at certain solution concentrations. The temperature was found to have a large influence on the viscoelasticity of the surfactant solution. By using the model parameters obtained from the correlations, 70 percent of the measured shear viscosities agreed with the prediction by the Giesekus model within ±27.3 percent. The elongational viscosities of CTAC/NaSal surfactant solution were also experimentally investigated by use of an oppositing jet Reometer. The measured data were lower than the prediction by the Giesekus model.Copyright © 2003 by ASME


Dorysthenes granulosus outbreaks in sugarcane area in Guangxi and has become a dangerous pest in recent years.Using Metarhizium to control this pest is a kind of safety and efficiency biological control method.To obtain strains with high virulence and strong resistance to the larvae of D.granulosus,eighteen different Metarhizium strains were bioassayed by three methods in this article.Results showed that strains JC001,JC002 and TR010 had good toxicity to the larvae of D.granulosus,and strain JC002 was the strongest.Treated with high dose(1.0×107 spores/ml) of JC002 for 15 d,cumulative mortality of D.granulosus larvae reached 94.74%,with low dose(1.0×104 spores/ml) for 15 d,the cumulative mortality was still 64.29%,and LT50 was 11.0557 d.The growth rate and sporulation capacity of JC002 were significantly higher than those of the others under temperature ranged from 22 ℃ to 31 ℃.The results indicate that strain JC002 has great potential in controlling the larvae of D.granulosus.


Nowadays, the influence of the site and geological conditions, especially in the sedimentary basins, is quite obvious on the characteristics of the input motion and the distribution of their damage. The existence of various effective factors in calculating the seismic response of sedimentary basins such as topography features and the characteristics of sedimentary layers and the combination of these factors together will create uncertainties in this subject, which can be explained only by an accurate evaluation of specific site study (Singh et al., 1981). These effects are mostly evaluated using one-dimensional analysis. However, one-dimensional analysis is not able to predict the site responses and their wave amplification. In this paper, the seismic behavior of the Persian Gulf Bridge's basin as case study has been evaluated, using FLAC 2D program based on the finite difference method. In this regard, a 1D modeling for soil profile at each pier position of bridge and a 2D modeling for all piers located on sedimentary basin are performed. In order to verify the results of the numerical modeling, the 1D responses obtained from the FLAC 2D and DEEPSOIL 1D software have been compared using the Viscoelastic soil behavior. In this study, the 2D modeling process includes introducing soil layers characteristics and determining the lateral free-field boundaries and quiet boundary as the bottom boundary, are subjected to the 18 earthquake excitations. In the following, as shown in Figure 1, a two-dimensional model of the sedimentary basin is constructed using the FLAC 2D program, that its net length of 2500 meters in the sea, with an overall length of 3000 meters and a depth of 120 meters.


This study proposes long-term dynamic planning of distributed generation (DG) units in distribution networks considering active management (AM). In the AM operation mode, the distribution network equipment is controlled in real time based on the real-time measurements of system parameters (voltage and current). The proposed model determines the optimal size, location and time of investment of DG units. The uncertainty of energy price and rate of load growth is handled using a scenario-based modelling approach. To demonstrate the advantages of dynamic DG planning, its results are compared with those of static model. Also the results of optimal DG planning in active network are compared with those of the passive operation mode. In addition, a technical evaluation and comparison between conventional, passive and active networks have been performed. The proposed model is successfully applied to the 33-bus radial distribution network. The results indicate that using AM, the cost function and losses are decreased effectively compared to the passive management. Computation of the optimal DG planning in AM environment is formulated as a mixed integer non-linear problem which can be solved using commercial optimisation packages like as GAMS.


This paper considers the forecast accuracies of VAR and ARIMA models. The paper, hence, employs monthly Turkish CPI, Exchange Rate and Interest rate variables for the period 1994:1-200:07, and, observes the ex-post forecast values of the relevant variables. To this end, paper first determines the final AR and MA parameters through ACF and PACF estimations, later, identifies the best VAR model among others through Sims, LR and SC, and, AC criteria. Eventually, statistical analyses throughout MAE, MAPE, MSE, RMSE, Theil U1 and Theil U2 criteria evaluations, this paper reveals that VAR forecast is superior to ARIMA forecast for the relevant variables.


We present a new miniature electro-optic (EO) switch array structure. The input signal can be effectively switched to the output waveguide with a low insertion loss of < 0.2dB. A high extinction ratio of > 30dB can be achieved at a low switching voltage of 0.6V. The innovative device structure enables easy scale-up to NxN array with a size of only a few millimeter square. The EO optical switch array provides a promising EO switches technology for high-speed optical networks.


Background: HIV/AIDS and Noncommunicable disease (NCDs) are major public health problems in developing countries. An integrated approach of response to these problems is recommended. However, the evidence-base for such an approach is limited. The objective of this study was to consolidate evidence related to the rationale, the policy basis and models of HIV-NCD integration in developing countries. Methods: Analysis of evidence related to the rationale for HIV-NCD integration, the policy basis for HIV-NCD integration, and models of HIV-NCD integration was conducted. As the evidence-base for HIV-NCD integration is very limited, a purposive and targeted search of the literature was used. Information was extracted using an abstraction tool. The extracted information was then aggregated and undergone qualitative synthesis under pre-defined themes. Results: There is strong epidemiological, clinical and management related evidence relevant to the rationale for the integration of responses to HIV/AIDS and NCDs. Global declarations and strategies are in favour of integrated response to HIV/AIDS and NCDs. Types of models of HIV-NCD integration that were "tested" in the context of developing countries vary by contexts, disease combinations, types of services, and number of disease conditions involved. Despite these variations, all the models for which outcomes are available indicated that the integrated approach was feasible, effective, efficient and acceptable. Conclusions: Evidence about rationale, policy bases and existing models of HIV-NCD integration from developing countries strongly favours integrated response. However, this is limited in breadth and depth. Therefore, more empirical evidence is needed to better inform decisions related to of HIV-NCD integration.


The invention discloses a novel recycling technology for high-value conversion of tubers vinasse. The novel recycling technology comprises the steps of: in a mixing process, mixing ground cassawa powder subjected to impurity removal with tap water or decarburized biogas slurry to obtain a mixed liquid and adjusting the pH of the mixed liquid; liquefying and saccharifying the mixed liquid by alpha-amylase and saccharifying enzyme; and finally implementing fermentation, distillation and solid-liquid separation, i.e., inoculating a well-cultured wine-brewing yeast starter liquid into a fermentation medium, controlling the fermentation temperature to 28-34 DEG C until fermentation is finished, distilling fermentation broth to obtain a finished product of ethanol and waste distillation liquid, and centrifugalizing the waste distillation liquid to obtain supernatant and wet cassawa dregs. According to the novel recycling technology, an ethanol biogas double-fermentation coupling system is enable to run stably with high efficiency, zero emission of organic waste water with high concentration is realized, the production rate and the output of biogas can be increased, and the high-value conversion of the tubers vinasse can be realized.


The rate of phosphocreatine (PCr) resynthesis following physical exercise is an accepted index of mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and has been studied extensively with unlocalized 31P‐MRS methods and small surface coils. Imaging experiments using volume coils that measure several muscles simultaneously can provide new insights into the variability of muscle function in healthy and diseased states. However, they are limited by long acquisition times relative to the dynamics of PCr recovery. This work focuses on the implementation of a compressed sensing technique to accelerate imaging of PCr resynthesis following physical exercise, using a modified three‐dimensional turbo‐spin‐echo sequence and principal component analysis as sparsifying transform. The compressed sensing technique was initially validated using 2‐fold retrospective undersampling of fully sampled data from four volunteers acquired on a 7T MRI system (voxel size: 1.6 mL, temporal resolution: 24 s), which led to an accurate estimation of the mono‐exponential PCr resynthesis rate constant (mean error <6.4%). Acquisitions with prospective 2‐fold acceleration (temporal resolution: 12 s) demonstrated that three‐dimensional mapping of PCr resynthesis is possible at a temporal resolution that is sufficiently high for characterizing the recovery curve of several muscles in a single measurement. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


A polarizing filter provides a viewable identification medium a latent image having a plurality of colors as a position away from the identification medium. A comprises a cholesteric liquid crystal layer 102 as a specific polarized light reflective layer which reflects light of a specific polarization state, providing an optically anisotropic layer 106 having a refractive index anisotropy to the overlapping upper position. To form a composed image A from the region having optical anisotropy different from the surrounding optically anisotropic layer 106. Directly viewing the discrimination medium 100, not visible influence of the optical anisotropy, the image A is not visible. When observed through a circularly polarizing filter, the image A is visible on certain color under the influence of optical anisotropy. .FIELD 1


Background: According to the World Health Organization, one in four people experience a psychiatric disorder throughout his/her life. For centuries, psychiatric patients have been sent to psychiatric hospitals that often stigmatized and located out of the community. Moreover, these patients are stigmatized by the hospital staff because they are not aware of patientsâ�� experiences in this domain. This humiliating attitude leads to low self-esteem, isolation, and frustration, and prevents patients from seeking treatment. Aim: This study aimed to explain the lived experiences of patients with psychiatric disorders on the consequences of stigma in mental health centers. Methods: This hermeneutic phenomenological study is a part of a larger study undertaken for partial fulfillment of the requirement for PhD dissertation in nursing. The main study was conducted on 12 psychiatric patients during 2014-2015. They were selected based on purposeful sampling method. Data were collected using unstructured interviews and analyzed by an interpretative method. Results: Psychiatric hospital as an unsafe place is one of the main themes of the phenomenon under study in the original project. It consists of two sub-themes (i.e., an egregious hospital and cold-hearted white collars) each of which is supported by a number of common meanings. Implications for Practice: The results of this study can shape the interventions and policies to combat and prevent the spread of stigma through health centers about people with psychiatric disorders.  Â


Objective To understand the drug-resistant situation of clinical spinal tuberculosis,and to explore PCR-SSCP clinical application value of coagulase analysis of drug-resistant genes.Methods BacT∕ALERT 3D mycobacterium tuberculosis fast training system was used for 43 patients with spinal tuberculosis,and patients with tuberculosis granulomatous application,and cultivated clinical separation plant susceptibility test line,and katG drug-resistant genes,r p s L were analyzed by PCR-SSCP.Results The tuberculosis granulation tissue samples of 43 cases with spinal tuberculosis were trained,19 out of 43 cases were positive;there were 6 cases with drug resistance in different degree.The total drug resistance was 31%.KatG isoniazid strains mutation rate was 10%.Streptomycin resistance strain r p s L mutation rate was 21%.Resistance gene detection took 14 hours on average.Conclusion PCR-SSCP can rapidly detect the spinal tuberculosis drug-resistance genes.And resistant gene combination of drug sensitive test can be more accurately response spinal tuberculosis patients of drug resistance.


Generative adversarial networks (GANs) have made unprecedented performance in image synthesis and play a key role in various downstream applications of computer vision. However, GAN models trained on sensitive data also pose a distinct threat to privacy. In this poster, we present a novel over-representation based membership inference attack. Unlike prior attacks against GANs which focus on the overall metrics, such as the attack accuracy, our attack aims to make inference from the high-precision perspective, which allows the adversary to concentrate on inferring a sample as a member confidently. Initial experimental results demonstrate that the adversary can achieve a high precision attack even if the overall attack accuracy is about 50% for a well-trained GAN model. Our work will raise awareness of the importance of precision when GAN owners evaluate the privacy risks of their models.


Abstract The high regioselectivity associated with the iridium-catalysed borylation of pyridones has been exploited to provide a very direct and efficient entry to C(10) doubly substituted CC4 variants of cytisine. Two approaches have been evaluated based on (i) C–H activation of cytisine (or an N-substituted derivative) followed by N-alkylation (to enable dimer formation) and (ii) direct C–H activation and borylation of CC4 itself. Both approaches provide access to C(10)-functionalized CC4 derivatives, but direct borylation of CC4 allows for a wider range of functional group interconversions to be tolerated.


The notion of time plays a vital and ubiquitous role of a common universal reference. In knowledge-based systems, temporal information is usually represented in terms of a collection of statements, together with the corresponding temporal reference. This paper introduces a visualized consistency checker for temporal reference. It allows expression of both absolute and relative temporal knowledge, and provides visual representation of temporal references in terms of directed and partially weighted graphs. Based on the temporal reference of a given scenario, the visualized checker can deliver a verdict to the user as to whether the scenario is temporally consistent or not, and provide the corresponding analysis/diagnosis.


The results of study on the custom of Tea-drinking and Medicated drinking hot water(喫茶喫湯), which a host treated visitor to a cup of tea when visitor...


ABSTRACT Both the dominant narrative in the economics discipline and the predominant mode of delivery of an economics education in colleges and universities mutually reinforce the authority of neoliberalism. This paper argues that a counterhegemonic pedagogy in addition to a pluralist curriculum equips students with the knowledge they need to exercise their own judgment as future economists, business leaders and policy makers. Beyond opening discussions of alternative theoretical and methodological approaches or separately, diversifying modes of delivery to promote critical thinking, an economics education engaging critical pedagogy can create the space students need to discuss not only the different assumptions about material relations and individual behavior intrinsic to various economic models, but also the assumed social relations in both the models studied and the construction of which knowledge defines economics as a field of study.


In order to understand the effect of additive on the film forming speed and the microstructure of the micro-plasma oxide ceramic film of magnesium alloy,AZ91D die cast magnesium alloy are oxidized with a special micro-plasma apparatus,and the microstructure of ceramic film is investigated by SEM and XRD.The results show that the addition of additive containing Al to electronic solution enhances the film forming rate of oxide film,increases its density and hardness(HV) greatly and decreases the primary and steady plasma voltage.The crystal cellular in the ceramic film grows perpendicularly to base of AZ91D alloy during micro-plasma oxidation,and the microstructure of the film consists of Al_2O_3, MgAl_2O_4 and MgO phases.However,the density and hardness(HV) of the ceramic film decrease as the percentage of the compound additives is more than 30%.


Project brief: To provide training to support the application of the Step by Step guide to Marginal Analysis developed under HIYAH phase 1


Abbreviations ix Acknowledgements xi 1 Introducing Dr Benjamin 1 There and Then, Here and Now 1 Figuring Benjamin 5 Configuring Benjamin 15 2 The Crisis of Communication and the Information Industry 24 Introduction 24 Storytelling and the Crisis of the Novel 26 The Newspaper and the Information Industry 38 The Intellectuals in the Age of Mass Media 50 Conclusion 62 3 Radio and Mediated Storytelling 65 Introduction 65 Towards a Critical Sociology of the Audience 68 Radio Model 74 Some Motifs for Media Pedagogy 85 Conclusion 97 4 Art and Politics in the Age of their Technological Reproducibility 100 Introduction 100 Photographic Reproducibility 102 The Media Culture of Distraction 117 Media and Democracy 129 Conclusion 147 5 The Media City: Reading The Arcades Project 150 Introduction 150 Phantasmagorias of Modernity 153 Media Spectacle and Urban Space 168 Tactility of Media Critic 193 Conclusion 198 6 Conclusion: The Actuality of Benjamin s Media Critique 202 Notes 216 Further Reading 245 Index 251


A metasurface absorber is designed in the THz band in order to investigate the field polarization. the conventional SRR and the proposed structure are investigated, firstly by applying X-polarized electric field on both cells and secondly applying Y -polarized electric field on both cells. as a result the conventional SRR reflects the incident electric field when the electric field is X-polarized and absorb when the electric field is Y -polarized. in case of the proposed structure is checked, it absorbs the incident wave in both directions of electric field polarization and the absorption is enhanced greater than the conventional one.


In the cervical mucus of 'normal' cows the cholesterol content was very low at D--0; at D + 12 it was about fifty times as high; then it decreased to about half its value at D + 17 and then to the low value at D--0. Usually small amounts of oestrogen, testosterone, pregnanedione and progesterone were found at D--0; on D + 12 more pregnanedione was found and less oestrogen, while at D + 17 more oestrogen occurred and less pregnanedione. The fructose and glucose content was very low at D--0; then it increased until D + 12, when glucose was dominant, while at D + 17 it had decreased and rather large amounts of glucuronic acid and of sorbitol occurred. On D + 12 a blue fluorescing indole metabolite was sometimes found. Deviations from these patterns, were found particularly in the winter months, and coincided with lowered fertility. Indole metabolism was stronger in the winter months than in the summer months and occurred more in cows than in heifers.


Robust design is an experiment-based method for reducing the dispersion of a system's quality characteristic through sensitivity reduction and, if necessary, noise source control. Sensitivity reduction is to select the values of the control factors so that the quality characteristic should become as insensitive, or robust, as possible to the variations of the noise factors of the system. Noise source control is the costly effort of reducing the variations of some noise factors themselves within a certain limits. In addition to a traditional overall dispersion measure like SN ratio, this paper first introduces multiple dispersion measures each of which evaluates the robustness of the quality characteristic to each noise factor. Then it presents a new approach to robust design using these multiple dispersion measures. When there are more than two noise factors, manipulating the values of some control factors so as to reduce the sensitivity of the quality characteristic to a certain noise factor will not always lower the sensitivities to the other noise factors, but may increase some of them on the contrary. That is, there can be trade-off relationships among sensitivity reductions of the quality characteristic to various noise factors. The proposed approach enables the designer not only to capture but also properly deal with these trade-off relationships. As a result, the noise source control required for reducing the dispersion of the quality characteristic down to a satisfactory level will be less expensive than the case where the traditional approach is used. The power of the proposed approach is illustrated with an example.


The influence of slight stage disorder on the GIC 00L intensities and the structural parameters obtained from a structure refinement were determined by a computer simulation. Even for supposed pure stages with a stage fidelity more than 988 errors caused by this slight stage disorder have to be taken into account


We demonstrated the fabrication of silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells using intrinsic hydrogenated amorphous silicon (i-a-Si:H) deposited by facing target sputtering (FTS), which does not require explosive gases such as SiH4. The fabricated solar cell showed a conversion efficiency of 13.1%, an open-circuit voltage of 680 mV, a short-circuit current density of 34.4 mA/cm2, and a fill factor of 0.56. The low fill factor is the main limiting factor of the solar cell performance. We conclude that the cause of the low fill factor is the slightly thick i-a-Si:H layer. A higher efficiency can be achieved by optimizing the properties of the i-a-Si:H deposited by FTS.


The rates and Arrhenius parameters for the replacement of halogens in halogenopentaamminerhodium(III) complexes both by solvent water and by hydroxide ion have been determined and their relative mobilities of halogens compared with the corresponding observations in organic compounds. These reactions are expected to follow the pattern of SNAr reactions, viz., F > Cl ≈ Br > I, and, except for the fluoro complex, this is now confirmed experimentally. The kinetic results are discussed and an attempt is made to interpret them in terms of the electronegativity of the halogens, which facilitates bond formation with the incoming nucleophile. Solvation factors are also important in the control of reactivities. For these reactions, the rate order depends on opposing effects of activation energy and entropy, with the former predominating, and in this way they are in complete contrast to SN2 reactions of octahedral cobalt(III) complexes where the entropy factor alone controls the rate.


This chapter details the response of segregationists and conservatives to the civil rights movement. It describes the depiction of the movement as violent following the death of Andy Whately, the ostracization of white Southerners who sympathized with demands for justice, like Warren Fortson, and the establishment of private Christian schools in response to integration. In these actions, white conservatives reframed their resistance to racial justice in theological terms that would come to define the Religious Right.


This paper provides a short overview of the regulatory challenges created by multi-utilities, i.e. companies involved in more than one utility sector. It discusses whether the sector-specific regulatory arrangements traditionally adopted by governments to regulate utilities offer a satisfactory oversight of multi-utility undertakings. Some aspects of the existing regulatory frameworks may need to be strengthened or adapted to take into account the growing presence of multi-utilities. Greater reliance on economy-wide regulatory regimes and institutions, such as competition rules and authorities, may also be rendered necessary.


Leisure sport is a type of subjectivity activity which someone breaks away from the restrictions of real life, enjoys soul happiness,feels self-existence,and gets life freedom.In the age of McDonaldization and in a society of consumerism,leisure sport has lost its subjectivity,creativity and freedom.Those who join leisure sport can not get full-development.If they want to develop themselves by leisure sport,they should strengthen their subjectivity.


The enteric pathogen Salmonella typhimurium suppresses host innate immune responses via secretion of preformed effector proteins into host cells during invasion. One of these proteins, AvrA, has potent immunosuppressive and anti‐apoptotic effects in mammalian cultured cells and in a Drosophila animal model via inhibition of the JNK pathway. To study the role of AvrA in a murine model of natural infection, wild type Salmonella harboring AvrA or an isogenic AvrA null mutant Salmonella were orally administered to mice pretreated with streptomycin and infectious phenotypes compared. Infection with the AvrA null Salmonella caused increased levels of apoptosis in the cecal epithelium and in lymphoid resident monocytic cells at 6h post infection. Additionally, the AvrA null Salmonella induced increased serum cytokine levels, including KC, IL‐1beta and TNFalpha. Furthermore, AvrA null Salmonella caused increased hepatosplenomegaly by 7 days post infection. This coincided with increased bacterial load in the liver, spleen and mesenteric lymph node, and more severe weight loss. We conclude that Salmonella evades host innate immunity and gains systemic access/dissemination via AvrA mediated inhibition of cytokine production and apoptosis. Research funding provided by NIH AI 64462.


The invention discloses a borehole stress sensor. The sensor comprises a metal tube with a longitudinal opening, a strain gauge, a waterproof pressed film, a concrete core and a signal transmission line. The metal tube with the opening which integrates the strain gauge, the signal transmission line and the waterproof pressed film is used for drilling and filling the core with concrete in site application; and the borehole stress sensor is completely manufactured and laid synchronously. The invention also discloses a borehole stress monitoring method based on the sensor. The method has the beneficial technical effects of being capable of effectively testing a stress change process of rock media at different depths in a borehole by the borehole stress sensor, effectively defining a 3D area with unsafe and less-safe rock body on a slope by joint application of a plurality of borehole stress sensors, disclosing a planar distribution range and a depth expansion range of the area, and providing an important scientific basis for subsequent project treatment and safety monitoring.


Robert M Young, Editor Emeritus and Publisher of Free Associations , provides an overview of the emergence and history of the journal in its earlier print and online formats. The article includes an invaluable listing of contents of all issues of the journal published between 1984 and 2004 and also includes listings of papers published online on the Human Nature website.


The purpose of this contribution is to shed light on the role of agglomeration economies as drivers of firm survival in Italy over the period 2002-2010. We analyze agglomeration economies related to the geographical context by using a multidimensional analyses at firm, industry and province level checking whether effects on survival are robust to different estimators (Probit, Cox hazard models, Heckman Probit) and to different assumptions about inter-and intraregional spillovers. In order to also taking into account firm heterogeneity we study the local drivers of firm survival comparing the exit behavior of firms with global investment and of purely national firms. To this purpose, we split our sample into foreign investors in Italy, domestic firms investing abroad and domestic non multinationals and we take into account different patterns of firm behavior with respect to external economies controlling for firm and industry variables and correcting for sample selection. We get evidence on the heterogeneity of firm exit dynamics with respect to: 1) impact of urbanization economies; 2) benefits from geographically and industry bounded specialization; 3) Industrial districts economies impact; 4) Diversification economies relevance, distinguishing intra-industry and extraindustry (i.e. unrelated) variety. These topics have strong policy implications. Firm persistence in agglomerated contexts such as local industrial clusters and urban areas are crucial issues in Italy.


Model checking is wildly acknowledged to be an effective formal technique for verifying that a finite state system satisfies desired properties expressed in temporal logic. There are primarily two types of model checking approaches: explicit model checking and symbolic model checking. To mitigate the notorious state exploration problems suffered by explicit model checking, bounded model checking (BMC) has been proposed as an alternative to other symbolic model checking approaches based on binary decision diagrams. Although originally SAT solvers are used by BMC as the reasoning engine, a recent trend is to switch from SAT to SMT solvers. In this paper, we survey contributions on acceleration of SMT-based BMC. In addition, we discuss some related techniques that could be potentially used as well for the acceleration purpose.


A bacterium which can utilize potato starch granules as sole carbon source was isolated and identified as Bacillus circulans from its physiological and biochemical properties. Scanning electron microscopic observation of potato starch granules recovered from the culture broth revealed that granules were degraded gradually from their surface resulting in elongated granules with layered structures on their surface. This bacterium produced extracellular amylase which can digest potato starch granules in vitro. The amylase has a unique property in that it produces only maltohexaose from gelatinized starch in the early stage of the reaction. For the production of this amylase potato starch was found to be most effective while soluble sugars including gelatinized starch and maltose had little effect.


Objectives : The aims of the study were to investigate the distribution and the antibiotic resistance profiles of the microorganisms isolated from outpatients with lower urinary tract infection (UTI) during 2011-2012 period and to determine the most appropriate empirical therapy choices. Materials and Methods : Culture and susceptibility test results of 14.096 urine samples sent from outpatient clinics with presumptive lower UTI diagnosis in the last year (2011-2012) were reviewed. Excluding the duplications, totally 2005 isolates were evaluated. Culture and identification tests were done by conventional/semi-automatic and automatic methods. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method according to the recommendations of CLSI (Clinical Laboratory Standarts Institute). Results : Enterobacteriaceae spp. were isolated from 82.3% of the urine samples; 1287 (64.2%) Escherichia coli and 238 (11.9%) Klebsiella pneumonia, 67 (3.3%) Pseudomonas aeruginosa was cultivated. Totally 12.9% of the samples yielded Gram-positive bacteria including 55 (2.8%) meticillin resistant coagulase negative staphylococci , 55 (2.8%) Enterococcus faecalis and 49 (2.4%) Streptococcus agalactiae . The extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) prevalence was 23.2% in E.coli and 25.4% in K.pneumoniae. Among oral antibiotics tested, nitrofurantoin (NF) had the lowest resistance rates for both Gram-positive and Gram-negative isolates with 2.7% and 12.1%, respectively.  Ampicillin for Gram-positives and Cefuroxim for Gram-negatives were other oral drugs with the lowest resistance rates with 6.3% and 25.9%, respectively. Conclusion : NF appears as the most effective oral drug for adult outpatients with UTI. Cefuroxim can be considered as the second effective choice because ampicillin-sensitive Gram-positive isolates (except Enterococcus spp ) would also be sensitive to it. NF and trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) is suggested as first or second choice in UTI treatment in antimicrobial therapy guidelines like Sanford and IDSA. However, TMP-SMX resistance was found 35% in our population; consequently it is not a suitable option for our patients.


Scientifically confirming the information policy programs is a premise for successfully implementing the information policy. How to choose the best programs in a variety of programs has become the key issue. This paper, based on the gray target theory, sorts the multiple programs according to the Off-Target distance and provides a theoretical basis for choosing the best program.


Spherical markers are commonly used by phantombased calibration methods for X-ray CT systems. Defining the position of the marker centers is therefore crucial to estimate the geometry parameters accurately. Although marker bearing structures are often built from materials of low X-ray attenuation, they still overlap with the marker in projection images. This complicates accurate determination of the marker centers. In this work, we explore the technique of Deep Learning to extract the marker center coordinates from the calibration projections. By training a Deep Learning network for each marker center coordinate, 2D positions of the marker are derived. With simulated as well as real experiments, it is shown that the trained Deep Learning networks can be used to accurately estimate the marker positions, and hence also the geometry of the X-ray CT system.


temperament. Our space is limited, and it is difficult to make selections when all is excellent. One or two short passages from each of the three divisions of the book may serve as specimens. Speaking of the culture of the imagination, he says: u The life of Alexander the Great, of Martin Luther, of Gustavus Adolphus, or any of those notable characters on the great stage of the world, who incarnate the world which they create, is for this purpose of more educational value than the best novel that ever was written, or even the best poetry. Not all minds delight in poetry; but all minds are impressed and elevated by an imposing and a striking fact. To exercise the imagination on the lives of great and good men brings with it a double gain, for by this exercise we learn at a single stroke, and in the most effective way, both what was done and what ought to be done. But to train the imagination adequately, it is not enough that elevating pictures be made to float pleasantly before the fancy; from such mere passiveness of mental attitude 110 strength can grow. The student should formally call upon his imaginative faculty to take a firm grasp of the lovely shadows as they pass, and not be content till, closing the gray record, he can make the whole storied procession pass before him in due order, with appropriate badges, attitude, and expression. As there are persons who seem to walk through life with their eyes open, seeing nothing, so there are others who read through books, and perhaps even cram themselves with facts, without carrying away any living pictures of significant story which might arouse the fancy in an hour of leisure, or gird them with endurance in a moment of diffi-


The The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between attitude and involvement in internet leisure activity based on a cross-cultural approach. In detail, this study examined the difference of the relationship of attitude and involvement between Korea and United State. To achieve the purpose of this study, 342 of students in an university located in Seoul, Korea and 312 of students in an university located in eastern United State were sampled. An attitude scale developed by Ajzen and Maddens(1986) was used to measure general attitude toward internet use for leisure activity. The degree of involvement in ones favorite internet leisure activity was measured by using the Consumer Involvement Profile(CIP) developed by Dimanche, Havitz, and Howard(1991). The results of this study suggested that there were significant of differences between leisure consumers of two countries in terms of the number of sub-domains in involvement, and the degree of relationship between attitude and involvement. In detail, sign value, risk consequence, and risk probability were not significant indicators for involvement in Korean students. However, only risk consequence, and risk probability were not significant indicators for American. The effect of attitude on involvement for Korean was much stronger than its for American.


Abstract Stanford's Solar Center, Electrical Engineering Department, and local educators have developed inexpensive Space Weather Monitors that students around the world can use to track solar- and lightning-induced changes to the Earth's ionosphere. Through the United Nations Basic Space Science Initiative (UNBSSI) and the International Heliophysical Year (IHY) Education and Public Outreach programme, our Monitors are being deployed to 191 countries. In partnership with Chabot Space and Science Center, we are designing and developing classroom and educator support materials to accompany the distribution. Materials will be culturally sensitive and will be translated into the six official languages of the United Nations (Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, and Spanish). Monitors will be provided free of charge to developing nations and can be set up anywhere there is access to power.


A JEOL JMS-HX110 double-focusing mass spectrometer was combined with the collision cell and spherical electric sector of a HITACHI M80-B instrument to perform tandem mass spectrometry experiments. A quadrupole lens doublet was mounted between the mass spectrometer and the collision cell to improve ion transmission into the collision cell. The detection system was also improved to expand the mass range of product ions. These improvements provided reliable spectra of high-energy electron transfer dissociation (HE-ETD) of peptides using an alkali metal target. The present results demonstrated that HE-ETD by a single collision with an alkali metal target could determine the amino acid sequence and phosphorylation site of peptides.


We investigated unusual low temperature transport properties of InSb single crystals doped with manganese to concentrations in the range of 1017<NMn<2*1017cm-3 which includes the critical concentration for metal-insulator transition Ncr= 2*1017cm-3. It was found that in the temperature range T=10÷1.5K the resisitivity had an unusual behavior described by an exponential quadratic function ρ ∼ exp(Δ1/kT)2 where Δ1 varied from Δ1=0.3meV to Δ1=0. Coexistence of electrons and holes at temperatures around the metal-insulator transition in p-InSb(Mn) crystals gives the ground to explain the unusual temperature - resistivity dependence in the framework of excitonic insulator phase model (L. V. Keldysh and Yu. V. Kopaev, Sov. Phys. Solid State 6, 2219 (1965)).


SUMMARY The correlation between tubocurarine requirements and the electrophoretic serum protein pattern was investigated in 52 adult patients undergoing upper abdominal surgery under nitrous oxide and oxygen anaesthesia. There was a positive correlation between the tubocurarine requirements (mg/kg) and the serum level of gamma globulin; r = +0.604, which is highly significant (P


In Latin America more than once over the last few years, we have asked ourselves if the old Spain still exists; the Spain whose black humors crystallized in the Golden Age and were celebrated and/or deplored for centuries as integral characteristics of Spanish identity.1 Personally the enigma of Spanish melancholy intrigues me because I have continuously examined the myth of melancholy as an ingredient of national Mexican culture. It also fascinates me as the child of exiled Catalans in Mexico, and for that reason, I am tinged with indefinable longings. I have been able to prove, additionally, that in many European cultures the myth of melancholy has been intimately tied to identity. The English Elizabethans wanted to snatch away Don Quixote's melancholy to erect it as a national monument; Robert Burton's Anatomy of Melancholy (1621 ) no doubt contributed to this movement. Certainly, one of the distinctive symbols of the German Renaissance is Durer's famous print that portrays the angel of melancholy. The French constructed the tristesse to emulate the English spleen , and the Romantics exalted melancholic sentimentalism as seldom before. It is possible that the Florentine Neo-Platonists first propelled the rebirth of ancient Greek melancholy in Europe, supported by the Arabic and Jewish philosophic traditions. And the long Spanish Golden Age most contributed to consolidating in the West the black humors as one of the propelling forces of politics and society. The era's immense Spanish melancholy shadowed all


Neoadjuvant systemic treatment (NST) is increasingly administered in breast cancer patients. This study was conducted to identify predictors for tumor response in the breast and axilla.


This chapter considers and responds to the objection that a wave function in a high-dimensional space cannot ultimately constitute the low-dimensional macroscopic objects of experience. It discusses two forms this objection takes: one based on the putative fact that our evidence for quantum theories consists of low-dimensional objects, and another based on the putative fact that quantum theories are about low-dimensional objects, that they have primitive ontologies of local beables. Even admitting that there may be something straightforward and comprehensible about the fundamental ontologies for quantum theories proposed by the wave function realist, the philosophers who raise these objections see a problem with these ontologies in that they cannot serve as the constitutive foundation for the world as we experience it. And this undermines the promise of wave function realism to serve as a framework for the interpretation of quantum theories.


New Jersey Department of Transportation has embarked on a program to evaluate all existing bridges over waterways to assess their vulnerability to failure by scour. The Stage I (Screening and Prioritization) was completed in 1992 for all State owned, toll agency and 60% of County bridges. This phase identifies and establishes a priority list of bridges which have experienced scour or may be susceptible to it, and are candidates to be investigated in detail in Stage II, (In-depth Bridge Scour Evaluation).


Coupled microstrips on periodically patterned ground plane have been analyzed using the FDTD method to compute the effect of strip width and gap spacing on the characteristic impedance and effective dielectric constant of even and odd modes. Results have been employed to design a bandpass filter with a spurious-free response as well as good passband performance. Design criteria have been successfully established for filter applications and they are also valuable for implementing other components such as phase shifters and couplers.