Spectrophotometry was applied to determine the glycerin content,during the process of producing biodiesel by alkali-catalyzed transesterification method.And the optimum conditions was determined.Conclusion was showed as follows:make 1 mL CuSO4 solution(0.05 g/mL) and 3.5 mL basic solution(0.05 g/mL) shaked evenly,and add the sample centrifuged 3 min,then ultrasound 5 min and centrifuge 3 min,at last measured at the wavelength 630 nm.Sodium periodate oxidation method was used to validate the accuracy of the spectrophotometry.The results showed that the improved method has the advantage of simple operation,the relative error was-0.490%.


: This experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary different percentage of whole sugarcane on growth performance, nutrient apparent digestibility, serum indexes and rumen fermentation indexes of goats. Ninety-six 4 to 5-month-old healthy weanling goats with similar weight were randomly divided into 4 groups with 3 replicates per group and 8 goats per replicate. Goats in the control group (CON group) were fed a basal diet, and the others in the experimental groups (SC33, SC66 and SC100 groups) were fed diets which used 33%, 66%, and 100% whole sugarcane replaced whole silage corn, respectively. The pre-experimental period lasted for 5 days, and the experimental period lasted for 30 days. The results showed as follows: 1) there were no significant differences in the final body weight, average daily gain and ratio of feed to gain of goats among all group ( P >0.05). With the whole sugarcane percentage increased, the average daily feed intake ( ADFI ) of goats was increased linearly ( P <0.05), and the ADFI of goats in SC100 group was significantly higher than that in other 3 groups ( P <0.05). 2) With the whole sugarcane percentage increased, the apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, gross energy, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber ( ADF ) were decreased linearly ( P <0.05), which in CON and SC33 groups was significantly higher than that in SC66 and SC100 groups ( P <0.05). 3) With the whole sugarcane percentage increased, the serum total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and superoxide dismutase


The work presents an investigation on the use of optical sensors for velocity measurement. The cross-correlation technique was used for this purpose. The sensors were placed upstream and downstream on a hydraulic flow rig in order to detect the flow of bubbles. The cross-correlation flowmeter measures bubbles' velocities by sensing the passage of some disturbance in the flow at one position, and measuring how long time (transit time) requires that disturbance to travel to the next point.


A new type of control chart is proposed to detect shift of the mean of a vector of two quality characteristics which are non-normally distributed and having a non-linear dependence structure between them. The acceptance region for declaring that the process is in control is a circle of which the centre depends on the mean based on the all the previous data.


Silica-supported bimetallic catalysts composed of the Pt-group metals except Rh were investigated for the CO hydrogenation into C2-oxygenated compounds such as ethanol, acetaldehyde and acetic acid. The bimetallic catalyst of Ir and Ru, which was prepared by simultaneous impregnation of the metals, exhibited the highest selectivity to the C2-oxygenated compounds. It was considered from the findings obtained by the CO hydrogenation and from the behavior of CO adsorbed on the catalyst (temperature-programed reduction profile and infrared spectum) that the alloy of Ir and Ru was an active component in the CO hydrogenation and that the chemical properties of the alloy were varied by the preparation procedure and the Ir content in the alloy. The addition of Li onto the bimetallic catalyst promoted the CO hydrogenation into the C2-oxygenated compounds, and increased the selectivity up to 38.4% at 280°C


Predictive control is a attractive alternative for control of power converter and their applications due to fast response and no required to a proportional gain. This paper presents an overview of recent publications of predictive control for power converters and drives. This review shows that predictive control is positioning itself as a real alternative for this kind of applications.


The effect of negative ions on the probe characteristic is studied theoretically. The reliability of results obtained from probe characteristics is analyzed. The methods of determining the energy distribution functions of charged particles is analyzed as an inverse ill-posed problem. A Tikhonov's regularization procedure for detection of negative ions from a probe characteristic is described. This method parallels the Dryvestein method with the key difference stemming from the fact that experimental determination of the second derivative of the probe characteristic is avoided. For a small ratio of negative ion to electron densities and quite plasma, the energy distribution, temperature and density for the electrons and negative ions can be estimated only from the probe characteristic and the errors in the experimental data. The model functions, simulating experimental energy distribution for the electrons and negative ions, are introduced to test applicability limitations of the method. In addition, the comparative advantages of the method are presented as well.


(Table 1). The ages vary from 18 to 89 years (mean: 46.5 years). The ratio of men to women is 8–4. CC was found to range in diameter from 2 to 30 mm (mean: 11.2 mm). There seems to be no correlation between trauma and the occurrence of CC. CC has been recognized on the face (four cases), sole (three cases), palm (two cases), neck (two cases) and thigh (one case). Humphreys et al. reported familial cases with multiple CCs (No. 2–4) and suggested that the phenomenon is associated with the incomplete expression of the tuberous sclerosis gene. CC can be clinically mistaken for verruca vulgaris, dermatofibroma, glomus tumour, eccrine poroma and pyogenic granuloma. Our review of the literature found that no cases were diagnosed as CC before surgical and histopathological examination. In fact, we clinically misdiagnosed the present case as callus. Regarding the pathogenesis of the callus-like feature, we speculated that chronic endogenic pressure might have thickened the surface and chronic exogenic pressure from the ground might have been what made the surface scaly. As CC can occur at any age and site and can have various clinical features, it is quite difficult to diagnose without histopathological examination. In conclusion, when dealing with callus-like subcutaneous nodules, we should consider CC as a differential diagnosis.


From 1928 onwards, Heinrich Roos (1904–1977) was a Jesuit father in Copenhagen. He was German-born, but had acquired Danish citizenship. Ever since the Jesuits had been expelled from Bismarck's Germany in the early 1870s, Jesuit schools in Denmark had taught in both German and Danish. Many Germans sought to attend Danish Jesuit schools, especially during the period when the order's institutions were banned in Germany. Roos taught at the school in Copenhagen, in addition to holding a position as philologist at the city's university.1 In February 1954, the Theological Association in Norway applied to the Ministry of Justice on behalf of Roos for an exemption from the constitutional ban on Jesuits. They wanted him to visit the country to present a lecture on the work and teachings of the Jesuits.2 The issue of the exclusion of the Jesuits had been raised in connection with the government's ratification of the European Convention on Human Rights in 1951. Norway had expressed reservations about the clause on religious freedom because of the ban on Jesuits, which, at an international level, was problematic and controversial. In 1952, therefore, the government forwarded a proposal to repeal this last exclusionary provision from the Constitution. It was in this context that Father Roos applied to come to Norway – but he was turned down. Giving his reasoning, Minister of Justice Kai Birger Knudsen (1903–1977) in Oscar Torp's (1893– 1958) Labour Party government explained that it was not possible to grant an exemption from such a categorical constitutional provision.3 However, the paragraph had lain dormant for a long time, and a number of Jesuits had previously visited the country openly, including Roos himself.4 The Theological Association explained that on this occasion they had applied for the exemption on the advice of law professor Frede Castberg (1893– 1977), an expert on constitutional law and a Norwegian member of the


The purpose of this article is the find of design point when apply the Korea environment as analyzing foreign mixed-use waterfront cases. The range of this study is based on the investigation and analysis of foreign mixed-use waterfront cases which were already existed. Furthermore, we make decision of this rage having paper work and field investigation. This study classifies the waterfront into its types and includes the type of developmental method and the design factor according to the characteristic of the waterfront. With this result, we make the design factor which is necessarily considered when applying to Korea. There are five criteria to meet this design factor ; accessibility, water-familiar, event, landmark and the balance in the old facilities.


To study the effects of different guide vane numbers on the unsteady performance of pump as turbine based on the Navier–Stokes equation and standard k-epsilon turbulence model, computation fluid dynamics technology was used to simulate the flow field in pump as turbine. The turbulent kinetic energy, unsteady radial forces, and power losses were also clarified. The results show that for turbines with a guide vane, the distribution of turbulent kinetic energy is more uniform than before, and the radial force vector distribution is more symmetrical within four quadrants. The time-domain distribution of radial force is more periodic, the number of fluctuation periods is equal to the guide vane numbers, and the dominant frequency of the radial force is equal to the blade frequency. For different guide vane numbers, the effects on the unsteady performance of pump as turbine are different. When the guide vane number is equal to 9, the distribution of turbulence kinetic energy is optimal. In addition, at an optimal flow rate, both the time domains of the radial force and the power losses of the impeller are minimal, so to the geometric parameters of the hydraulic turbine are definite, the optimal guide vane number exists.


is not necessary for review articles. Describe briefly the background, the aim of the study or the hypothesis tested, the methods used, the results and the conclusions.


Publishing data for analysis from a micro data table containing sensitive attributes, while maintaining individual privacy, is a problem of increasing significance today. The k-anonymity model was proposed for privacy preserving data publication. While focusing on identity disclosure, k-anonymity model fails to protect attribute disclosure to some extent. Many efforts are made to enhance the k-anonymity model recently. In this paper, we propose two new privacy protection models called (p, α)-sensitive k-anonymity and (p+, α)-sensitive k-anonymity, respectively. Different from previous the p-sensitive k-anonymity model, these new introduced models allow us to release a lot more information without compromising privacy. Moreover, we prove that the (p, α)-sensitive and (p+, α)-sensitive k-anonymity problems are NP-hard. We also include testing and heuristic generating algorithms to generate desired micro data table. Experimental results show that our introduced model could significantly reduce the privacy breach.


The U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) recently awarded $12.7 million in Intelligent Vehicle Initiative (IVI) grants and the recipients raised an eyebrow or two. Four research groups will use the IVI grants. Mack Trucks Inc. is leading a partnership that will test in the southeast an infrastructure-assisted warning system that notifies drivers via an in-dash display of possibly dangerous highway zones, such as high accident areas, certain exit ramps and construction zones. Another part of the testing involves an Automatic Collision Notification System that records details before and after an incident, determines the location of the vehicle and then notifies appropriate agencies. In the midwest, Freightliner Corp. will test its Roll Stability Advisor, which uses sensors integrated into a truck's antilock brake system to inform the driver of potentially risky driving. Messages appear on a dash display and are sent with increased urgency as rollover potential increases. Volvo Trucks North America Inc. and the Minnesota DOT lead the two other partnerships. Volvo will test collision warning and advanced braking systems while Minnesota DOT, with the help of Navistar International Transportation Corp., will test a fleet of snowplows equipped with collision warning and lateral guidance.


Abstract— Intestinal iron absorption is thought to proceed with iron mainly in the ferrous form, yet the novel iron complex, ferric maltol is an effective oral preparation. Although possessing a high oil: water partition coefficient, ferric maltol does not diffuse across the intestine but donates its iron to the endogenous uptake system. Reduction of the ferric iron in the gut lumen appears to precede iron uptake both from ferric maltol and from ferric nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) which is a non‐penetrating iron ligand. Uptake of radiolabelled iron (59Fe) into isolated fragments of rat small intestine was inhibited by the ferrous chelator, bathophenanthroline sulphonate (BPS) and enhanced at low concentrations by the reducing agent ascorbic acid. Spectrophotometric evidence was obtained that ferrous ions are generated from these ferric complexes in the presence of ascorbic acid and other reducing agents. The rate of ferrous ion formation was independent of ferric maltol concentration at low ascorbic acid levels and decreased with increasing ferric maltol concentration at higher levels of ascorbate. Maltol has a high affinity for ferric ions and may delay reduction at higher concentrations. By contrast, a higher rate of ferrous ion generation was seen with ferric NTA and this increased with iron ligand concentration. Washings from the intestinal lumen also brought about ferrous ion formation from these ferric ligands. Gel filtration revealed these reducing factors to be of low molecular weight. The washings, however, interfered with 59Fe uptake into the isolated fragments, but when reducing fractions only from the filtered washings were used, enhanced iron uptake was seen. There are thus additional, heat stable factors, unrelated to reduction, present in‐vivo in the gut lumen that interfere with iron absorption. Intestinal absorption of iron from ferric maltol appears to occur as with other ferric chelates by initial reduction of the metal. Since maltol has a high affinity for ferric iron it may limit ferrous ion generation but it has a low affinity for the reduced form of the iron and so can donate the ferrous iron once formed immediately to the intestinal cell surface carrier. Ferric maltol may thus act as a relatively non‐toxic reservoir for soluble iron in the intestinal lumen.


case-law and they only very rarely refer to academic literature. The question arises what the authors have attempted to achieve with this publication. It is regrettable that they focussed exclusively on the Human Rights Committee's case-law under the Optional Protocol. The concluding comments adopted under the reporting procedure are of great relevance and should not have been ignored in exploring the interpretation of the rights under the ICCPR. The presentation of case-law is in itself useful, and serves a purpose to those who are not yet familiar with the Committee's case-law and wish to glance over its work. The grouping of subjects appears to have restricted the depth of the analysis. The choice of subjects and the attention they receive seems to have been quite arbitrary. For example, the chapter on security of the person includes an extensive section on the mandatory imposition of the death penalty. However, it devotes only three lines to the Committee's case-law dealing with the right to a fair trial in death penalty cases. The chapter simply states that failure to observe the requirements of Article 14 has repeatedly resulted in a finding of a violation of Article 6 of the Covenant, which does not do justice to the Committee's vast case-law on this issue. The chapter on the judicial process does not make up for this brevity, as it does not pay specific attention to the consequences of an unfair trial in death penalty cases. Articles 2-5 are most relevant for the application and interpretation of Articles 627. However, there are no chapters that deal with these articles (with the exception of the non-discrimination provisions), resulting in, inter alia, the absence of a discussion of the remedies recommended by the Committee when a violation has been found, and the Committee's case-law and general comment on derogations. There are a number of other books available about the Covenant and the Committee, which have provided a much better and more thorough analysis. In my view, this book is at best a modest contribution to existing studies on the Covenant and the Human Rights Committee's work.


The planar capacitance sensor is specially designed for the process of the test which can induce the changes of the water in the building envelope.The working principle of the sensor is given.In order to solve the interference problem of small capacitance in dectection,a sensor with protection electrode and the singal transmission technology of actuation electric cable are used.With the improved micro-capacitance measurement circuit based on charging/discharging principle,the optimization is given to the relations of test depth and sensitivity of the sensor.The system of moisture test in the building envelope is based on embedded microprocessor unit.The experimental results show that the system can be used for moisture test of the building envelope in a certain depth at the scene.


12063 Background: Platinum levels are measurable in the serum for decades after cisplatin therapy and higher levels may be related to chemotherapy-induced toxicities. Since cisplatin is cleared exclusively by the kidney, we hypothesized that a genetic predictor of kidney function, an estimated glomerular filtration rate polygenic risk score (eGFR PRS), would significantly associate with serum platinum levels and could improve prediction models. Methods: Within a large well-characterized, multicenter clinical cohort of cisplatin-treated testicular cancer survivors (TCS), we conducted analyses on all patients with genetic data and serum platinum levels. Genotyping was performed on the HumanOmniExpressExome chip and standard QC measures were included. Serum platinum concentrations were quantified by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. For all TCS, time since therapy (TIME) and cumulative cisplatin dose were collected. The eGFR PRS was developed from the Chronic Kidney Disease Genetics (CKDGen) consortium meta-analysis summary statistics using PRS-CS. Using principal component analysis, we restricted the analysis to TCS of genetically determined European ancestry, then calculated the genome-wide PRS for all participants. We performed Cox regression analyses to evaluate prediction models of serum platinum that included cumulative dose and TIME, as well as a model including eGFR PRS. Data are presented as median(interquartile range). Results: 901 patients were included in our analysis with a median diagnosis age of 31 (26 - 38) years, cumulative cisplatin dose of 400 (300-400) mg/m2, and time since first cisplatin dose of 4.6 (2.3-9.5) years. The median serum platinum level for all TCS was 305 (121-981) ng/L. When stratified into quartiles by eGFR PRS, TCS in the lowest quartile had a median serum platinum level of 316 (139-1014) ng/L while TCS in the highest had a median of 268 (106-731) ng/L. Comparison of two Cox regression models for serum platinum prediction, one including only cumulative dose and TIME as predictors and a second including dose, TIME, eGFR PRS, and an eGFR PRS*TIME interaction term, we determined the model including eGFR PRS had a lower AIC (14350 vs 16180) suggesting a more parsimonious model. Further, eGFR PRS was a significant independent predictor of serum platinum levels (p = 0.02) and the impact of eGFR PRS varies over time (eGFR PRS*TIME, p = 0.05). Conclusions: The genetic predictor of kidney function circumvents the use of renal function measures that may have been impaired by initial cisplatin administration. It is a significant independent predictor of serum platinum levels and consistent with expectation: TCS with higher genetically predicted kidney function had lower serum platinum levels. Our results suggest kidney function inferred by genetics may improve the prediction of serum platinum levels.


The eutrophication of the coastal lagoon of Burano (Tuscany, Italy) produces periodic toxic-anoxic events. The possibility of mitigating eutrophication of a lagoon by resuspension of sediment was tested in a three-year field experiment conducted in 2008–2009. An unreplicated before-after control-impact (BACI) study design was used to ascertain variations in the quantity and biochemical composition of organic matter in sediment artificially disturbed by a specially equipped boat. In October 2008, before beginning disturbance, January 2009, half way through the disturbance period, and May 2009, at the end of disturbance, sediment was sampled in a disturbed area and an undisturbed control area to determine chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), phaeopigments (PHAE), proteins (PRT), carbohydrates (CHO), lipids (LIP), labile organic matter (LOM), refractory organic matter (ROM), total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN). The disturbed area, measuring 44 ha, was divided into nine subareas, eight of which were subjected to four different frequencies of disturbance (from 2 to 5) in the period October 2008 – April 2009. Sediment was sampled in each sub-area in the three months mentioned above to determine labile and total organic matter. The results were processed by univariate and multivariate analysis using Primer 6.0, Permanova  +  and Prism 5.0 software. The findings were as follows: (1) a large proportion of the biopolymeric carbon consisted of labile matter throughout the lagoon; (2) higher abatement of labile organic matter was recorded in the disturbed area; (3) a lower protein:carbohydrate ratio was found in the disturbed than in the undisturbed area; (4) the C:N ratio of sediment was much lower in the undisturbed area than in the disturbed area at the end of the study period; (5) sediment and macroalgal C:N ratios did not significantly change in response to disturbance; (6) initial accumulation of organic matter from phytoplankton was greater in the disturbed area than the undisturbed area; (7) chlorophyll-a, phaeopigments and the pigment diversity index did not reflect any decline in photosynthesis in the disturbed area; (8) treatment effects increased with increasing frequency of disturbance. These findings indicate less availability of labile organic matter and therefore lower risk of extended anoxic events in the disturbed area and support our hypothesis that artificial disturbance of sediment can be used to manage lagoon environments and prevent the consequences of eutrophication.


Water is polluted day by day with biological and chemical toxins that can pose a serious threat to human health, animals and ecosystems. The regular identification and monitoring of biological and chemical toxins in water resources is the first step of the preventive method. The devices used in traditional detection methods such as adsorption and chromatography combined with mass spectrometry are not easy to transport for analysis and involve laborious preliminary sample preparation steps. However, the developments in nanosensors prepared with nanomaterials provide solutions to these challenges. Nanomaterials such as gold nanoparticles, graphene and quantum dots are often preferred for the surface preparation of plasmonic nanosensors for the selective, sensitive and label-free detection of very low concentrations of pollutants in water.

There are different plasmonic nanosensors such as electrochemical, colorimetry and optical sensors prepared using different nanomaterials for the determination of environmental pollutants. These different detection nanosensors also have many advantages and disadvantages. In this review, the use of different nanomaterials in different types of plasmonic nanosensors for the determination of environmental pollutants, their modification and their effects on performance in terms of signal enhancement will also be discussed.

When the studies in the literature are examined, although many articles have been published on the detection of pollutants in water, the number of publications specific to nanomaterial-based plasmonic nanosensors for detection is quite limited. In this review, we focused on the use of different nanomaterials in the preparation of nanosensor surfaces for the detection of environmental pollutants, and the preparation, optimization, experimental analysis and application areas of different plasmonic nanosensors made in the literature for detection methods

Recent developments in plasmonic nanosensors, nanomaterials such as gold nanoparticles, graphene and quantum dots provide ultra-sensitive detection at the molecular level, leading to extraordinary developments. Nanomaterials have important plasmonic properties and are preferred for the selective, sensitive and label-free detection of very low water pollutant concentrations. In studies conducted in the literature, it has been observed that environmental pollutants such as toxin, bacteria, heavy metal ions, pesticides, especially in water, are determined and analyzed. In these review, it was observed that the sensitive and selective properties of nanomaterial-based nanosensors yielded results with low detection limits. The current review includes developments and application-oriented progress of nanomaterial-based plasmonic nanosensors, especially for the detection and quantification of various pollutants and environmental pollutants in water.


One may suppose that the founding of families was connected with the fact that a moment came when the need for genital satisfaction no longer made its appearance like a guest who drops in suddenly, and, after his departure, is heard of no more for a long time, but instead took up quarters as a permanent lodger. When this happened, the male acquired a motive for keeping the female, or, speaking more generally, his sexual objects, near him; while the female, who did not want to be separated from her helpless young, was obliged, in their interests, to remain with the stronger male. —Sigmund Freud, Civilization and Its Discontents, 1930


The main objective of this study is to investigate the effect of salt water on the mechanical properties of a carbon-epoxy composite material. Specimens were made of a carbon-epoxy composite USN125 and tested under inplane tension and shear after 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months immersion in 3.5% salt water. Waterproof painting and acceleration technique were not applied. The tensile strengths and moduli in fiber and matrix directions did not show any remarkable degradation until 12 months immersion. In contrast to the tensile properties, shear strength and modulus started to degrade from the early stage of the immersion time and gradually decreased to 36% and 46% of dry values, respectively, after 12 months immersion.


ABSTRACT This paper presents statistical methods for analyzing the molar distribution of components in petroleum fluids. Reservoir fluid characterization is very significant in Equation of State modeling and in some flow assurance- related problems. Heptanes plus components (C7+) are usually lumped together as a pseudo-component, hence, characterizing it improves modeling. Three statistical methods were assumed for analyzing the distribution of components using two reservoir fluid data. The statistical methods selected were validated for best fit of the molar distribution data using methods including the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. The goodness of fit for each test is presented. A new model showing the relationship while using data of Kolmogorov–Smirnov test is presented with high r 2.


Singapore's bilingual policy is implemented to cater to the needs of its multilingual population. While English is the official language, the other main ethnic languages namely Malay, Chinese and Tamil are termed as Mother Tongue Languages (MTL). Educators have been challenged to teach the MTL effectively amidst the rampant use of English among younger generation especially in the 21st century. Experiential Learning has been one of the strategies to enhance MTL learning among students who are learners of the 21st century. This study looks at how Experiential learning specifically a planned heritage trail-based trip can affect students' learning and influence their perception of the MTL as a living language. This method has been useful and students' appreciation towards the learning of MTL has also improved. Although Experiential Learning is found to be effective, more steps and initiatives need to be taken and adopted in order to realise the vision of the bilingual policy in Singapore and to prepare students face future challenges by equipping them with 21st century competencies. Keywords: Experiential Learning, 21st century competencies, Mother Tongue Languages, Living Language, Heritage Trail


One of the most widely-studied sub-problems of opinion mining is sentiment classification, which includes three study levels: word, sentence and document. At the third level, most of the existing methods ignore comparative sentences which have particular sentence patterns and may lower the precision of the document-level analysis. This paper studies sentiment analysis of comparative sentences. The aim is to determine whether opinions expressed in a comparative sentence are positive or negative. Experiments of comparing with document-level sentiment analysis based on simple sentences shows the effectiveness of the proposed method.


Abstract Crisis counseling, short-term, directive psychotherapeutic intervention, is an appropriate form of therapy for the low socioeconomics status (SES) individuals. Poverty, racism, and cultural alienation contribute to making crises a prominent feature of life among poor people. Members of the underclass frequently do not have the time or cultural affinity for many forms of long-term therapy. Oriented toward the solution of practical problems and toward quickly re-establishing emotional equilibrium, crisis counseling does not require the client's long-standing commitment to personal growth. Because it is relatively free of the social biases of most treatment modalities, crisis counseling is a way of introducing many low SES individuals to psychotherapy. For many underclass individuals, crisis counseling can lead them in the direction of overcoming other situations that keep them at a disadvantage.


We analyse the theoretical and numerical results of Feng et al (2005 J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt. 7 374–81) and show that the dispersion relation derived for surface states in a one-dimensional (1D) photonic crystal made of two or more composite layers requires an additional condition that ensures the decaying of surface states from the surface. Consequently, most of the surface states presented by the authors are not true surface localized states. In particular, we show that the surface states do not exhibit connectivity in the dispersion curves as the authors of the paper claimed.


BORIS, Eileen and Elisabeth PRUGL, eds., HOMEWORKERS IN GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE: Invisible No More. Florence, KY: Routledge, 1996, 327 pp., $19.95 softcover. .1 Reviewed by: MARK MOBERG * In its unceasing "creative destruction" of existing labor processes and social relations, capitalism occasionally resurrects earlier forms of labor organization once thought to be moribund if not extinct. One widely-noted consequence of the emergent post-Fordist mode of regulation in global capitalism has been the growth of out-sourcing, as manufacturers rely upon sub-contractors to assume many of the tasks formerly completed by unionized work forces earning relatively high wages. Out-sourcing has enabled manufacturers to slash payrolls and benefits, domesticate their remaining unionized workers, and institute the just-in-time inventory practices essential to survival in rapidly evolving niche markets. A frequently observed (albeit poorly documented) effect of the shift to subcontracting has been a resurgence of a type of labor once thought to have perished with the nineteenth century industrial homework. Boris and Prugl have filled this documentary void by editing a fascinating and ambitious volume examining the nature of homework in an array of developed and postcolonial societies. The re-emergence of homework since the 1970s, they point out, has occurred in tandom with processes that David Harvey has elsewhere labeled "flexible accumulation." Intrinsic to this is the tendency of global corporations to shift production processes from male, largely "middle class" workers to women and immigrants who earn low wages, receive no benefits, and who are excluded from state regulations governing social security and labor standards. In many instances this has entailed not merely reconstituting work forces, but spatially shifting many aspects of product assembly to workers' homes. As nominally independent subcontractors, homeworkers are excluded from the wage, safety, and social security guarantees automatically extended to industrial workers. Further, as many contributors to the volume indicate, homeworkers are spatially segregated from one another, inhibiting their ability to collectively challenge the terms of their employment. Homeworkers in Global Perspective is divided into three parts. The first consists of three chapters examining the historical debate over homework, its subsidence as unionization and a Fordist mode of regulation gained dominance in manufacturing, and reasons for its recent resurgence. The second part of the work consists of six chapters examining the diversity of homeworkers experiences in societies as varied as Mexico, Pakistan, Brazil, Iran, Java, and Finland (a similar case study on automotive component homeworkers in the U. …


This chapter is adapted from an invited introduction written for the first issue of the IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing, telling personal stories and sharing viewpoints of a pioneer and visionary of the field of Affective Computing. This is not intended to be a thorough or a historical account of the development of the field for the author is not a historian and cannot begin to properly credit the extraordinary efforts of hundreds of people who helped bring this field into fruition. Instead, this chapter recounts experiences that contribute to this history, with an eye toward eliciting some of the pleasurable affective and cognitive responses that will be a part of the promise of Affective Computing.


The Gansu Jialing River Santan tourist scenic zone building yard terrain is smoother,landform unit for piedmont pitch stack landform prolusion fan.The location stratum flushes the diluvium composition for the Quaternary Period.According to the engineering geology reconnaissance report and the actual construction situation,and refer to the local investigation the pertinent data,does to the Gansu Jialing River Santan tourist scenic zone center building yard foundation soil characteristic narrates and comments.


Semiconductor-based photocatalysis is a probable approach to overcoming many pollution problems and eradicating toxic organic materials from wastewater. This research endeavor aimed to explore the synergistic potential of different semiconductor nanocomposites for photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants in contaminated water. A facile hydrothermal approach was employed to synthesize bismuth oxide and cobalt ferrite nanoparticles from their precursors—bismuth nitrate pentahydrate, ferric chloride hexahydrate and cobalt chloride hexahydrate—with various concentrations and conditions to optimize the product. Subsequently, nanocomposites of bismuth oxide and cobalt ferrite were prepared by solid-state mixing in varying concentrations followed by calcination. UV/visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and elemental dispersive X-ray spectroscopic techniques have corroborated the successful synthesis of nanocomposites. The energy gaps of bismuth oxide and cobalt ferrite nanocomposites were computed in the range of 1.58–1.62 eV by Tauc plots. These nanocomposite materials were ascertained for photocatalytic potential to degrade methyl orange organic dye in water. A nanocomposite with equiquantic proportions has shown the best photocatalytic degradation activity, which may be attributed to the type-II band configuration and a synergistic effect, because Bi2O3 acts as an electron sink. This synergism has reduced the cogent band gap, hindered electron hole recombination and increased electron hole availabilities for photodegradation reactions, thus ensuing an efficient photodegradation co-work of Bi2O3/CoFe2O4 nanocomposites.


The new species of Fossil Tubicolar Annelides, from the Lower Silurian strata of America, figured and described by Prof. H. A. Nicholson in the October and February Numbers of the Geological Magazine, has tended to throw light upon a closely allied form found in the Carboniferous Limestone strata of the West of Scotland. This species, as far as I am aware, has not hitherto been figured or described.


In Tamilnadu about 51.55 percent of the population are living in rural areas. The people in rural areas demand on many requirements which is related to agriculture, Infrastructure, Economic Conditions. Both the Central and State Government announces various schemes to meet out the demands of the rural population. Housing is considered has one of the basic requirements for human survival. Every citizen expects to own a house which is significant for economic security. The economic growth of the state depends on the rural development by improving the standard of living of the rural population.The Government of Tamilnadu on providing basic requirement to rural people announced Chief Minister Solar Powered Green House Scheme on 03.06.2004. The objective of the Scheme was to provide solar powered green house to the rural poor. The state Government funded to construct houses with the cost of INR. 1.80 lakhs. Through this scheme the people living below poverty in rural areas are benefited and only those people who are in BPL list are eligible for this scheme. This paper focus on Level of awareness of beneficiaries on Chief Minister's Solar Powered Green House Scheme (CMSPGHS) in Tirupur District. The level of awareness is measure through Five Point Likert Scale. The study concluded that beneficiaries are aware on the area of construction, design of the house and amount sanctioning for construction.


Dynamics in the global food system, coupled with rapid advance in agricultural biotechnology, have resulted in additional demands for capturing information and sharing information vertically within the supply chain. Food safety and quality characteristics are a cornerstone of this information demand. Events such as foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) and bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), genetic engineering and animal welfare concerns have laid the foundation for additional information need.

Managers of private firms within the food supply chain must decide how to respond to the situation. A crucial component of the problem is what and how to provide information to downstream customers as well as stipulate what and how information is received from upstream suppliers. Alternative signaling mechanisms abound. The choice among these alternative signals, or combination of alternatives, has both short- and long-run implications for the reputation of the firm, its products or services, and the efficiency with which it conducts its business. The signaling problem in the supply chain is bidirectional and has three critical dimensions: information asymmetry, incentive asymmetry, and arduous measurability. From a broad perspective, the choice set for signaling includes: strategies that rely on third-party protocols and procedures; differentiation through branding and reputation; indemnification strategies such as insurance, warranties, and bonding; and coordination strategies such as strategic alliances and vertical integration (intemalization). Each mechanism for signaling differentially influences the three dimensions of the signaling problem. No globally optimal strategy solution exists. Differentiation through branding and reputation mitigate the signaling problem relatively well compared with the other alternatives.


Enhanced upconversion (UC) luminescence was obtained from a CaxYF3+2x host by doping with Yb3+/Er3+ or Yb3+/Tm3+. Lattice perturbation of YF3 by doping Ca2+ ions increased the energy transfer process between the absorbed Yb3+ ions and the activated Er3+ or Tm3+ ions, resulting in the emission of a bright multicolored UC luminescence.


ABSTRACT This research examines social justice leaders' community activism in response to three local and national political contexts. Grounded in literature that advances ecological models of school leadership, we analyzed how seven urban school leaders conceptualized community activism as linked to school outcomes, and how leaders conducted activism work. Findings demonstrate that various political contexts at local and national levels catalyzed and motivated participants' community activism, but participants' primary purpose for activism was to promote student equity within their school buildings. This reflects ecological models in which schools and communities are conceptualized as interconnected with a reciprocal relationship of impact. Our examination of motivations related to political contexts provides insights into how these contexts impact schools and school leaders. This piece also contributes to the growing body of literature around socially-just leadership, particularly to the limited subset of literature on leaders' out-of-school justice work. Finally, among other implications and directions for future research, we conclude that community activism should form a crucial component of socially-just school leadership and taken up in the research as such.


In a paper under the above title in Vol. XXIV. of the Proceedings it is shown that in a certain system of co-ordinates, the equation of the first degree represents a circle orthogonal to a fixed circle. It follows that any purely graphical theorem regarding right lines in a plane can be extended to orthogonals to a circle. This may be seen otherwise by projecting the figure of right lines on a sphere, the right lines thus becoming circles orthogonal to a circle on the sphere; and then inverting the sphere into the original plane. The geometrical method shows that the extension may also be applied to theorems involving one circle as well as right lines, the circle remaining unchanged, while the lines become orthogonals to a circle; the Pole and Polar Theorem, Pascal's and Brianchon's Theorems are examples. But plane figures involving more than one circle cannot in general be transformed in this way. We cannot, for instance, deduce the construction for a circle touching three great circles on a sphere from the known construction for a circle touching three lines in a plane; nor the Gergonne construction for circles on a sphere from the corresponding method in a plane.


This thesis deals with the elaboration and study of the physical properties of optically transparent and luminescent alumina-based ceramics for which applications are foreseen in the field of ionizing radiation resistant materials. The challenge of this work was to obtain a material that simultaneously has a high density and grain size at the nanoscale in order to give the ceramic transparency properties and resistance to ionizing radiation by capturing and recombination of induced charges at the grain boundaries. Ceramics of composition Al2O3 and MgAl2O4 were consolidated by Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) from ultra-porous aluminas (UPA) on the one hand, and by reactive sintering of a mixture of Al2O3: MgO precursor in a ratio of 1 : 1 on the other hand. The UPAs were developed using an original process implemented at the LSPM. They were then impregnated with a solution of magnesium nitrate and then calcined at low temperature to obtain the "Nanostructured Precursor" (NP) for the spinel phase MgAl2O4. The synthesized NPs, like the UPAs, were then consolidated by SPS. The sintering parameters have been optimized to obtain ceramics with the desired microstructural and physical properties. The effect of Ta2O5 as a grain growth inhibitor has been tested on the microstructure of elaborated ceramics. The transmittance and luminescence properties, before and after irradiation, of the most promising materials were measured and correlated with their structural characteristics.


The usual input circuit for a head amplifier associated with a pick-up tube of the C.P.S. Emitron type is effectively a capacitance shunted by a resistance, the former consisting of the output capacitance of the tube and the input capacitance of the amplifier. An improvement in signal/noise ratio for the higher video frequencies is shown to be obtainable by modifying the input circuit by connecting an inductance between the two capacitances, and suitably equalizing the modified frequency/amplitude response. A weighting function is suggested for assessing the visual effect of the two differing noise spectra. The increase in noise resulting from the application of aperture correction for the pick-up tube response is considered, and some of the noise problems associated with gamma correction are discussed.The latter half of the paper describes a method of equalizing the frequency/amplitude response of the modified input circuit and considers some of the practical problems involved in designing a low-noise head amplifier. The conclusion is reached that a worthwhile improvement in picture quality is obtained by modifying the input circuit, and this is particularly so when aperture correction is used.


Summary

The very first data on male 'brotola'Urophycis brasiliensis(Phycidae, Gadiformes) are presented here. Apart from the description of the macroscopic and microscopic morphology of the testes, preliminary results are given with respect to reproductive aspects of the males caught off the Uruguayan coast.

In Uruguay, the gadiforms are represented by two species of commercial interest: the hake Merluccius hubbsi being theprincipal fishing resource, and Brazilian codling Urophycisbrasiliensis locally called 'brotola', one of the most important coastal resources of the artisanal fisheries (Anon. 1991). Although the latter species is common in coastal waters of the Atlantic between 23° and 40° S, little information is available. Between 1993 and 1996, a comprehensive 3-year study dedicated to aspects of the biology and fisheries of U. brasiliensis in Uruguayan waters was carried out. A manuscript on reproductive aspects of the females has been submitted for publication (Acuna et al. 2000). In the present paper, first results on the gonadal morphology of the males are given. Vladikov (1972) compared the testes of different gadids, including another species of the genus, Urophycis chuss. However, to date no related information has been published on U. brasiliensis, likely also due to the fact that males are much less frequent than females in nearshore captures.

Samples (N = 58) of shallow captures (< 20 m) of 'brotola' were obtained from artisanal fishermen in the two most important fishing ports in Uruguay: Piriapolis (34° S 55° W) and LaPaloma (34° S 54° W) (Acuna et al. 2000). Additional samples (N = 21) of deeper captures (up to 53 m) were obtained on spring and summer cruises of the research vessel 'Aldebaran' (INAPE; National Fisheries Institute).

In the field, total length and weight were recorded to the nearest cm and g, respectively (Table 1). Fish size ranged from 23–60 cm and 113–2400 g, respectively. Following dissection, the fish were sexed, and in most cases (N = 69) testes were weighed to the nearest 0.01 g. Gonads were extracted and fixed in 10% buffered formalin until the histological analysis. In the laboratory, ten testes were cut at different levels (cephalic, medium and caudal) to determine possible longitudinal differences in the spermatogenesis. Twenty samples were analyzed histologically to identify testicular structures and to diagnosethe gonad maturity stage. Each piece was dehydrated, embeddedin paraffin, cut to 7 µm thickness and finally stained with Mayer'shaematoxilin and eosin (Ganter and Jolles 1970). The gonado-somatic index (GSI) was calculated and compared in bothshallow and deeper capture areas in spring and summer.

Table 1.  Total length (cm) and weight (g) of male U. brasiliensis captured by the artisanal fishery and from RV 'Aldebaran'. Mean values ± standard deviation are presented

Macroscopically, the male gonad of U. brasiliensis (Fig. 1) is easily distinguishable from the ovaries, allowing a rapid and unmistakable sex identification in the field. Two testes of dissimilar length are found below the swimbladder. They can be seen as two whitish ribbons presenting a smooth surface and several irregular lobes, similar to U. chuss testes (Vladykov 1972). Their macroscopic structure corresponds to type IIIa of the classification presented by Vladykov (1972). The lobes are larger in the cephalic portion than in the caudal portion, and fused to the vas deferens that longitudinally crosses both testes. In the caudal region, they are fused and open to the urogenital orifice.

Figure 1. Macroscopic view of the U. brasiliensis testes, corresponding to an individual of 31 cm. Note the dissimilar length and irregular lobes in the two testes. Numbers indicate centimeters

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Histologically, the 'brotola' testes correspond to the lobular type described by Billard (1986) with anastomosing tubules (Fig. 2). All along the testes, similar spermatogenesis was observed. They can also be defined as the unrestricted spermato-gonial type of Grier (1981), the most common testes type in fish species, where it is possible to find spermatogenesis along the entire length of the tubule. In the caudal region, an area is found without spermatogenetic epithelium but with a greater concentration of spermatozoa ready to be evacuated.

Figure 2. Histological section of U. brasiliensis testes. Z = spermatozoa; CC = spermatocyte cyst; TC = spermatid cyst; ZC = spermatozoa cyst; L = lumen of a spermatogenic tubule. Scale bar = 100 µm

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Males were significantly less represented in the captures than were females (P < 0.05), making up only 3% of the total catch (N = 2500). Wenner (1983) and Gallardo-Cabello (1986) showed sex segregation in two other species of the same family (Phycis phycis, P. blennoides). At the same time, Eklund and Targett (1990) observed different sex proportions in captures of U. regia (spotted hake) and U. chuss (red hake). However, this effect was explained by selectivity of the capturing gear.

Mean total length of males showed significant differences (P < 0.05) between shallow (34.8 cm) and deeper (29.3 cm) captures. The segregation by size might be explained by intraespecific competition (Sedberry and Musick 1978) which, in combination with the selectivity of the fisheries, would result in a higher proportion of females in the samples.

Captures revealed a significant size difference between males (this paper) and females (Acuna et al. 2000), reaching mean lengths of 33.6 cm and 44.0 cm, respectively. The size of all individuals exceeds the one proposed as the mean size of maturity (23 cm) for U. brasiliensis males caught off Southern Brazil (M. Haimovici, pers. comm.).

Due to the scarce representation of the males in the samples, it was not possible to study the spatial and temporal variation of testicular maturation. At any rate, mainly stages of mid- and late recrudescence, partially spent and one post-spawn were identified. At a mean length of 32.6 cm, signs of testes recrudescence (Table 2) were observed.

Table 2.  Mean total length (cm) of U. brasiliensis males for each maturity stage diagnosed histologically (mid/late recrudescence; partially spent and post-spawn) ± standard deviation

Testicular GSI ranged between 0.04 and 2.80. In deeper captures, mean GSI was significantly higher, indicating a greater maturation activity during spring and summer. This may suggest that reproductive events of U. brasiliensis take place outside the artisanal fishing areas, as proposed for females of the species by Vizziano et al. (1993) and Acuna et al. (2000).


In June and July of 2006 a research program was undertaken to investigate areas of suspected hydrothermal venting at the Greek islands of Milos and Santorini. This program utilized the HCMR Thetis research submersible equipped with a navigation tracking system and in-situ chemical sensors. This integrated sensor payload successfully mapped and chemically characterized hydrothermal venting in real-time.


The study aims were focused on profiling eight hydrolytic enzymes by fluorescence method using a multifunctional modular reader and studying the proportion of basic microorganism groups during composting and vermicomposting of sewage sludge mixed with straw pellets in several proportions (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%). The greatest decrease in enzymatic activity occurred in the first half of composting and vermicomposting. After 4 months of these processes, the least enzymatic activity was observed in the sludge with 50% and also 25% straw addition, indicating that straw is an important means for the rapid production of mature compost from sewage sludge. Enzymatic activity was usually less in the presence of earthworms than in the control treatment because some processes took place in the digestive tract of the earthworm. For the same reason, we observed reduced enzyme activity during fresh feedstock vermicomposting than precomposted material. The final vermicompost from fresh feedstocks exhibited less microbial biomass, and few fungi and G− bacteria compared to precomposted feedstock. The enzymatic activity during composting and vermicomposting of sewage sludge and their mixtures stabilized at the following values: β-D-glucosidase—50 μmol MUFG/h/g dw, acid phosphatase—200 μmol MUFP/h/g dw, arylsulphatase—10 μmol MUFS/h/g dw, lipase—1,000 μmol MUFY/h/g dw, chitinase—50 μmol MUFN/h/g dw, cellobiohydrolase—20 μmol MUFC/h/g dw, alanine aminopeptidase—50 μmol AMCA/h/g dw, and leucine aminopeptidase—50 μmol AMCL/h/g dw. At these and lesser values, these final products can be considered mature and stable.


We report on first measurements from test structures verifying a new design concept of a single photon imaging CCD for the optical. The results confirm the sensitivity of a novel avalanche diode to single electrons. Details of this structure which can be combined with a back illuminated sensor are described, measurement results include I-V curves, dark rate and temperature dependency. In addition an avalanche diode with MOSFET readout will be presented as well as an ultra low noise pnCCD which is process compatible. The successful testing of these components proves the feasibility to produce a back-illuminated single photon sensitive CCD with high frame rates and high sensitivity in a wide wavelength range.


Supplementary Methods Plasmids and Constructs pCMXGFP-Dab1, pCMXGFP-Dab1, pCMXGFP-Dab1, pCMXCFP-Dab1, pCMXGFP-Dab1 and pCMXGFP-Dab1 expression plasmids were constructed by cutting out fragments containing the corresponding mutants from pBSK HADab1 (Howell et al., 2000) with EcoRI/XbaI and subcloning into pCMXGFP-p1k1 with EcoRI/NheI. The pCAG-Dab1GFP was described before (Xu et al., 2005). Different phosphorylation site mutants were generated by swapping in BstXI /BglII fragments from the corresponding pCMXGFP-Dab1 mutants. The following constructs were kind gifts from the following individuals: pME18S-Fyn(B) WT and KM(kinase dead), from Tohru Tezuka; pEF-FlagmSOCS1/3, Neil Nathanson; pEF-Flag-mSOCS2, Chris Greenhalgh (Nicholson et al., 1999); pCEFL-hCbl-b-HA and corresponding Cbl, Cbl-3 and myc-E6AP constructs, Stanley Lipkowitz (Ettenberg et al., 1999; Hatakeyama et al., 1997; Keane et al., 1999); pCMX Flag-mLNX, Jane McGlade (Nie et al., 2002); Rnf5, Ze'ev Ronai (Didier et al., 2003); and Hakai, Yasu Fujita (Fujita et al., 2002).


An increased risk of premature death associated with epilepsy is well known. Recent reports have documented an even higher risk of premature mortality among people with epilepsy living in low- and middle-income countries (LAMICs).1 The epidemiology of epilepsy-associated mortality in LAMICs is of great relevance, as more than 85% of those with epilepsy live in resource-limited countries.2 Not only is the risk of premature mortality higher in LAMICs, but a greater proportion of deaths in these regions are epilepsy-related (e.g., falls, burns, drowning, and status epilepticus).1


This paper reviews progress made in the development of a low cost permanent mold casting process for TiAl automotive valves. The issues studied include mold life, mold/metal reaction, shrinkage void control, dimensional control, and post casting processes. More than 800 Ti-47Al-2Nb-1.75 Cr (at%) valves were produced by gravity, centrifugal, and pressure assisted casting methods on a laboratory scale. Microstructures, tensile, creep, and fatigue properties of as-HIP and as-heat treated valves are described. Process scale up challenges identified in this work are also discussed.


A mechanically scanned array type radar antenna was developed for several classes of US NAVY vessels. A light weight requirement as well as the RF properties required that substantial parts of the equipment be composed of aluminum alloys. The combined stress corrosion behavior of aluminum alloys exposed to cyclic loading in the ocean environment suggests that fatigue aggravated by corrosion was a concern. The author developed a fatigue life prediction technique using Microsoft Excel that took into account the winds, ship speeds, ship motions, Concept Of Operations (CONOPS), and the rotational parameters to predict the fatigue loading on the antenna over a 20 year life. The load levels based on the sum of the wind and ships motions were surprisingly high. Among other things, this analysis showed that the customer's specification of the environmental loading was woefully inadequate. This paper describes the step by step methodology and discusses the options available at each step of the procedure. The validity and sensitivity of the results are discussed. The technique is easily scalable to other shipboard equipment.


Insufficient visibility in bad climate condition due to haze and fog is a foremost problem in an outdoor image. Thus, fog removal from image and video is required for getting high performance of the vision algorithm. In this thesis, we propose a simple but effective method using dark channel estimation, atmospheric light estimation, transmission estimation, scene radiance recovery to remove haze from images and video. It is based on examination of nearly all local patches in fog-free outdoor images which is having some pixels with very low intensities in at least one color channel. Using this with the fog imaging representation, we can approximate the depth of the fog and able to recover a high quality hazefree image. A transmission map estimated by a guided filter scheme which smooth and respect with depth information of the image. Results reveal that the proposed method achieves high-quality dehazeing effect performance. The proposed method, due to its ability to enhance visibility, may be used with advantages as pre-processing in many systems ranging from surveillance, to remote sensing, intelligent vehicles. Another advantage is the prospect to handle both color images, gray level images and video since the ambiguity between the presence of fog and the objects with low color dispersion is solved by assuming only small objects can have colors with low saturation. This model also allow to evaluate the potential safety advantage of an Advanced driving assistance system (ADAS) based on the display of defogged images.


This paper studies the effect of banks' capitalizat ion on banks' Return on Equity (ROE). A debate has emerged on the costs for banks of the in cr ase in capital requirements under Basel III. We bring empirical evidence on this issue by a nalyzing the effect of different capitalization measures on banks' ROE on a sample o f arge French banks over the period 1993-2012, controlling for risk-taking as well as a range of variables including the business model. We find that an increase in capital leads to a significant increase in ROE, albeit the economic effect is modest. Furthermore, the method chosen by a bank to increase capitalization (i.e. raising equity) does not alter he result. Over the period, we find some evidence of a negative relationship between the sha re of credit activities and ROE, which is driven by the 2002-2007 sub-period, characterized b y a significant increase in other business line activities. Looking at revenue and cost compon ents, the positive effect of capital on the ROE appears to be driven by an increase in efficien cy.


Due to the sudden disasters have occurred frequently, unpredictable, impact and characteristics of growing, in order to do better Management of disaster prevention and mitigation, it should from the strategic level to build an efficient emergency logistics system. In this paper, research progress at home and abroad, through the analysis of emergency logistics system, Sichuan development present situation and main problems of emergency logistics system, targeted the proposed hierarchical management mechanism of emergency logistics management system, establish a coordination mechanism of the government and social resources, break through the emergency logistics management system of technical methods and strengthening the construction of disaster emergency logistics risk early warning management system in our province, so as to promote the development of emergency logistics management system in Sichuan province.


Churn has a great impact on system performance because of the continuous and frequent arrival and departure of nodes in a global large scale distributed system.The current models describe that activity mainly by the statistical metrics of arrival intervals and the session lengths,and that metrics might be classified into some classes according to the nodes types.A higher level view of the system′s churn activities is needed when considering a global distributed system.If the nodes are classified by their locations(time zone) and their statistic metrics are assigned according their time zone number,the periodical phenomenon can be explained easily.What is more,it is possible to derive the estimation of the composition of the system′s node population for different hours in one day.It can tell when and which nodes are highly possible to departure from or reintegrate into the system,and might predict when and how fast the number of node population change.That is much better than those models which capable of describe how fast the number of node population change by deleting or adding nodes randomly.Then some optimization can be obtain for the purposes of maintenance of overlay network or redundant management of the replicated data blocks for storage systems.


We conduct bottleneck analysis of a deterministic dynamic discrete-flow network. The analysis presupposes only the existence of long-run averages, and is based on a continuous fluid approximation to the network in terms of these averages. The results provide functional strong laws-of-large-numbers for stochastic Jackson queueing networks since they apply to their sample paths with probability one.


We have used the VLA at 43 GHz to image the radio continuum emission from o Ceti, R Leo, and W Hya and to precisely locate their SiO maser emission with respect to the star. The radio continuum emission region for all three stars has a diameter close to 5.6 AU. These diameters are similar to those measured at infrared wavelengths in bands containing strong molecular opacity and about twice those measured in line-free regions of the infrared spectrum. Thus, the radio photosphere and the infrared molecular layer appear to be coextensive. The 43 GHz continuum emission is consistent with temperatures near 1600 K and opacity from H− free-free interactions. While the continuum image of o Ceti appears nearly circular, both R Leo and W Hya display significant elongations. The SiO masers for all three stars show partial rings with diameters close to 8 AU.


Abstract The shortage of PFF2, N95, KN95, and FFP2 respirators in the COVID-19 pandemic required that alternative respiratory protection measures be adopted to reduce the number of cases of the disease. Given this scenario, with the purpose of proving that chemical cartridges offer some degree of protection against aerodispersoids, among these those of biological origin, such as SARS-CoV-2, the filtering efficiency of chemical cartridges was evaluated. The evaluation of the filtering efficiency of cartridges was performed using the air filter test method, which uses micrometric air particles for the penetration test. The research proved that chemical cartridges, in general, have an average efficiency above 85% for respiratory protection against aerodispersoids. The multigas cartridge and organic vapor/acid gas cartridge had an average filtration efficiency of 91%. Chemical cartridges associated with facial or semi-facial respirators can become powerful resources for respiratory protection for people exposed to the virus, when the use of PFF2 or equivalent respirators is not possible.


Among material collected in colonies of Spirobranchus triqueter (Linnaeus, 1758) from the Sea of Marmara in 2013, 825 individuals belonging to 13 species of isopods were found. Of these, Janira maculosa Leach, 1814 is represented by the highest number of specimens (45% of the total number of specimens). All species are being reported to be associated with the serpulid colony of S. triqueter herein for the first time.


Background : Aphasia affects 0.37% of South Africans. Expressive aphasic patients' ability to react appropriately to the environment contributes to their hospital experience, and ultimately their mental health and recovery. The challenge of communication for these patients makes it important to anticipate their experiences. Objectives : The purpose of the present study was to explore the patterns of patient experiences in relation to expressive aphasia following brain injuries in order to identify helpful recommendations for alternative communication and for promoting mental health and well-being. Methods : A qualitative case series study was completed with the participation of seven adults who had recovered from expressive aphasia. Participants had received their acute care at Worcester Provincial Hospital, South Africa and at the time of the study were able to communicate effectively concerning their experiences and perspectives. Interviews were transcribed and transcripts analysed by two independent researchers. A thematic analysis method, within a constructionist framework, and at a latent level, was applied. Results : Participants were generally satisfied with the services of health professionals. All participants described their families as being supportive. However, even though most participants had attempted to initiate alternative forms of communication, their families had not reciprocated this. Participants experienced sadness, frustration and anger following the onset of expressive aphasia. They reported gaining insight into the way their lives might change in the near future, such as their roles within the community, as well as into their experiences of introspection and self-reflection. Conclusions : Persons with new onset expressive aphasia during acute care at a large South African hospital experience negative emotions (such as feelings of frustration, entrapment and sadness) as well as inadequate responses to their desire to use alternative forms of communication. Anticipation of such negative experiences may substantially help communication. Formal training in this regard is recommended for health care professionals. Also, visitors to patients with expressive aphasia require basic instruction on the use of alternative communication.


Equal access to small business credit is a critical underpinning to equity in economic opportunity; however, it is difficult to regularly assess the fairness of credit provision. Prior research has focused on the Federal Reserve Board's Survey of Small Business Finance, but last data from this source covered 2003. This article provides preliminary results on new credit access question added to the Census Bureau's 2021 Annual Business Survey. We find that minority-owned businesses were just as likely to apply for credit in 2020, but Black-, Asian-, and Hispanic-owned businesses were less likely than white-owned businesses to report receiving all of the credit that they sought. Black-, Asian-, and Hispanic-owned firms also more frequently reported that the credit was intended for meeting operating expenses and that their ongoing viability was weaker heading into 2022.

https://www.clevelandfed.org/~/media/content/newsroom and events/publications/economic commentary/2022/ec 202204/ec 202204.pdf


Enzootic abortion of ewes Salmonella Typhimurium in calves Bacillus licheniformis abortion in cattle Pregnancy toxaemia in lowground sheep Streptococcus suis septicaemia in growing pigs Lead poisoning in whooper swans - These are among matters discussed in the disease surveillance report for March from Scottish Agricultural College Veterinary Services (SAC VS)


The utility model relates to single-photon generators. The essence of the invention consists in a device for generating single photons, including a waveguide and a diamond structure with at least one color center, which is excited by external radiation or electric excitation, characterized in that a layer of a metamaterial is applied to an area of the outer surface of the waveguide, said metamaterial having hyperbolic dispersion, and the diamond structure is positioned above the layer of metamaterial. The technical result consists in creating a portable device for generating a large number of single photons.


The article considers the features of those phraseological units etymology in the English and Russian languages that have the names of week days in their composition. The author imposes linguo-cultural framework on the research, which is of particular relevance in view of this direction relative newness, and pays special attention to the consideration of interesting names in the context of folk superstitions and sayings.


Knowledge Management (KM) is a fundamental process for improving the efficiency and effectiveness of organisations, there are few articles that address KM in service environments, especially those in the sphere of public administration. This current situation poses an important gap between the KM in public settings. While in firms the KM practices should be guided to the necessity of firm obtain profits and generate value clients who pay for its products, in public services social wellbeing is the main purpose. In light of this possibility of contributing to the KM literature, in this article we propose a methodology for KM to improve public services. Through an essentially qualitative approach we adopted the case study method to collect data in administrative department in a public university. As a result, it was proposed the knowledge management model to public services settings.


True stress-strain curves of SUS304 metastable austenitic stainless steel at various strain rates were fitted by a modified Johnson-Cook material model. The effect of blank-holder force on Cross-die forming of SUS304 stainless steel was studied. The forming process was also simulated by the software Marc based on this model. Major strain distribution, thickness distribution and load-displacement were compared between experiment and simulation. The results indicated the modified Johnson-Cook model could well predict the deformation behavior of SUS304 stainless steel. The martensitie volume fraction at different positions of the formed part was in good agreement with what can be expected.


Objective To investigate the brain flood flow changes before and after exchange transfusion in neonatal polycythemia(NP).Methods A transcranial Doppler(TCD) ultrasonography was used to detect the blood velocity and resistance coefficient in middle cerebral artery and anterior cerebral artery from 23 infants with NP pre-and post-exchange transfusion using normal saline(NS).Results The brain blood velocity increased significantly after exchange transfusion,compared to pre-exchange transfusion,there were statistically significant differences(P0.01).The blood rheology indexes were all improved(P0.01).Conclusion The brain blood flow quickens significantly after exchange transfusion using NS in treatment of NP.TCD has no invasion and is convenient for observing the brain blood flow changes in NP.It is a new technique for judgment of disease condition and prediction.


Introduction Non-cystic fibrosis (CF) bronchiectasis ("bronchiectasis") is a chronic airway disease for which little data exist to inform treatment decisions. We sought to compare the risks of respiratory infections in chronic users of inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) versus macrolide monotherapy. Methods We identified a cohort of US Medicare enrollees with a bronchiectasis diagnosis (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification code 494.0 or 494.1) between 2006 and 2014, excluding CF. We defined chronic new use as the first ≥28-day prescription of ICS therapy or macrolide monotherapy. We compared the characteristics of the exposure cohorts using standardised mean differences (SMDs) and computed a propensity score (PS) to account for treatment differences. The risks of acute exacerbation, hospitalised respiratory infection, all-cause hospitalisation and mortality were compared using PS decile-adjusted Cox regression models. Results We identified 83 589 new users of ICSs and 6500 new users of macrolides from 285 043 included Medicare enrollees with bronchiectasis. The crude incidence of hospitalised respiratory infection was 12.6 (ICS therapy) and 10.3 (macrolide monotherapy) per 100 patient-years. The PS-adjusted HRs comparing ICS with macrolide new users were 1.39 (95% CI 1.23–1.57) for hospitalised respiratory infection, 1.56 (95% 1.49–1.64) for acute exacerbation and 1.09 (95% 0.95–1.25) for mortality. Interpretation Among patients with bronchiectasis, the use of ICSs was associated with an increased risk of hospitalised respiratory infections compared with macrolide monotherapy. Macrolides are a better choice than ICSs to prevent hospitalised respiratory infections in older bronchiectasis patients, but the safety and long-term effects of chronic macrolide use need to be further evaluated http://ow.ly/1SOV30o8eLs


The author (National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 6000 Executive Blvd., Rockville, MD 20892-7003), a physician trained in both pathology and preventive medicine, is deputy director of the Division ofBiometry and Epidemiology at the U.S. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. Her research is on the health consequences ofalcohol use and abuse, particularly in women and older individuals.


The processes for synthesis of ethyl actate and their technical characters were introduced.The conventional esterification process was a mature technique,and coutinued developing.A new complex solid acid is an effective catalyst for the esterification of acetic acid with alcohols.High conversion and selectivity of esters were got,and the catalyst could be efficiently recycled after easily separated from the reactants and product.The process to cogenerate ethyl acetate/butyl acetate could adjust the output of both products in accordance with the market demand.The condonsation procoss of acetaldehyde usually used in the joint device of ethy-lene/acetaldehyde.The one-step process of ethylene was a new-commercialized and competitive technique.The single conversion rate of acetic acid was 70 %(based on ethylene).The selectivity of ethyl acetate was about 95 %.Alcohol dehydro was a new industrialization and has big potential for extending the application.


Abstract:This essay examines a contemporary re-figuration of the traditional Appalachian folktale "Jack and the Giants' Newground" through the lens of a recent performance event. The mechanisms of parody generate imaginative friction of foreground and background, a structural aesthetic of formal or functional congruence and indicial dissonance. I posit a key device for such genre-crossing adaptations, one I call the synchronic correlative. Synchronic correlatives are a form of meta-discursive parallelism, synchronic because they work as non-linear connectors between otherwise independent local/temporal constructs; they are thematic or indicial pivot points that serve to launch a tale type from one imaginative frame into another.


Engineering plastics are often applied in tribological systems, where moving parts are subjected to severe friction and wear processes. Compared to metals engineering plastics are used because of their good friction and wear properties together with increased corrosion resistance and vibration damping ability. There are many sorts of technical polymers available of which sliding elements can be produced. To choose proper polymers for a given tribological application is not a simple task owing to many different parameters influencing the performance of a polymer sliding element.


This report summarizes a set of validation tests for Chrono::Granular, a module that is part of the Chrono dynamics simulation engine [1, 2]. These tests range from simple one-sphere simulations, to complex scenarios in which many spheres interact with external objects represented as meshes. The Chrono::Granular results are compared against analytical results or data published in the literature. No non-physical behavior is observed; the results match the expected outcomes.


Because recovery of associated valuable elements from tailings of tungsten mine had little been researched before 1980s', the loss and its reasons of the associated valuable elements in the ore dressing process were analyzed. The ways of increasing comprehensive recovery effeciency are recommended. The ways include:choosing vein zwither and mica crystal block in roughing; getting more middlings and decreasing the grade of rough concentrate in gravity concentration; spreading the combined flowsheet of beneficiaton-metallurgy and branch series flotation in low grade tailings treatment. The ways will increase the comprehensive recovery effeciency and the economic benefit of ore dressing plants and improve the exploitation of tailings stockpiles.


The erosion behaviors of Kapton and ZnO-siloxane coatings on Kapton have been studied during exposure in AO environment in ground-based simulation facility. The variation of chemical and physical properties of samples surface after exposed to AO fluxes were investigated by LAMBDA-9 spectrophotometer,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The results indicate that Kapton undergoes dramatically chemical degradation,including mass loss and change of surface morphologies;ZnO-siloxane coatings have excellent properties for anti-AO effects. The erosion product have SiO2 left surface, thus, providing protection from further attack by the energetic oxygen atoms.


Using the LexisNexis database, the authors examined 99 court cases on students—who were 3–21 years of age and with various forms of autism spectrum disorder—between 2007 and 2008. The authors coded and analyzed procedural and substantive violations to the Individuals With Disabilities Education Act and the provision of a Free and Appropriate Public Education using chi-square analyses. They compared results with earlier studies conducted from 2002 to 2004, which yielded relatively evenly split decisions between parents and school districts. Results indicate that school districts currently prevail at a 2:1 ratio over parents and that more outcomes result in split decisions (ties) with regard to overall outcome between the two parties than were reported in previous studies.


Extensive epidemiological studies have been carried out in recent years to examine the possible effects of exposure to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields on the development of cancer. In some studies, both residential and occupational, a number of cancers, in particular leukaemia and brain cancer, have occurred at an increased incidence at higher levels of exposure. In general, however, no consistent and coherent pattern of results has been obtained and no clear evidence of a cancer risk has been demonstrated. A better understanding of any effect of electromagnetic fields on the development of cancer must await the results of more informative epidemiological studies and an improved understanding of the mechanisms by which these fields may interact with the body and their likely consequences.


In this study, the effect of dietary supplementation of oregano and rosemary essential oils (EO) on growth performance and cecal microbiota of broilers were investigated. A total of 450 1-d-old male Ross-308 broilers were divided into 5-experimental groups (10 replicates of 9 chickens): a Control (C), fed a basal diet; four treatments, which received a basal diet supplemented with oregano and rosemary EOs individually (O, 300 mg/kg oregano EO; R, 300 mg/kg rosemary EO) and combined (OR1, 150 mg/kg oregano EO + 150 mg/kg rosemary EO; OR2, 200 mg/kg oregano EO + 200 mg/kg rosemary EO). Body weight (BW), feed intake (FI), body weight gain (BWG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and cecal microbiota (coliforms, clostridia and lactobacilli) were determined weekly, and at 42 d, respectively. BW in R (p<0.05) and OR2 (p<0.001), and BWG and FCR in OR2 (p<0.05) were significantly higher than C at 42 d, despite no difference in FI in any group during experimental period. Counts of cecal coliforms (p<0.001) and clostridia (p<0.01) decreased, and lactobacilli (p<0.001) increased substantially between C and treatment groups. Results indicated that combined oregano and rosemary EO (200 mg/kg ea) supplementation significantly increased BW and BWG, improved FCR in 1-42 d, lowered coliform and clostridial, and increased lactobacilli counts suggesting a beneficial shift in cecal microbiota.


The paper considers the possibilities of developing management methods in the implementation of digital transformation programs for Russian corporations with a focus on industries through the use of specialized IT consulting. The article compares consulting teChnologies for various subjeCt areas and highlights the neCessary modifiCations to solve problems in the digitalization of industry. The promising approach of "technological tunnel" has the necessary modifications. To be successfully applied in an environment of rapid technological evolution, high uncertainty of external economic factors and various restrictions that have become significant since 2020. The proposed approach can be recommended for practical application in industrial enterprises during digital transformation.


The conditions for obtaining pure yttrium-aluminum garnet (YAG) in a one-step process starting from components soluble in supercritical (SCR) liquids in a flow reactor have been studied. The powders were characterized using XRD, BET, SEM and helium pycnometry. Favorable conditions for YAG production were achieved using acetates (and acetylacetonates) in aqueous-alcoholic solutions as starting materials. Aqueous and alcoholic solutions of nitrates and aqueous solutions of acetates were found not appropriate as precursors for YAG production. The powders obtained had the shape of nano-sized cubes with diameters in the range 80 - 120 nm. After annealing at 600 °C the powders have comparable density as those made via a conventional precipitation-calcination route but differ from the calcinated products form soft agglomerates.


With economic development,distributions of finance expenditures of different parts have increasing impacts on economic growth,but few academic researches have been done on this field.The paper analyzed the issue first from the demarcation of finance expenditure,taking Guangxi 1990~2004 data as sample,analyzes the effects of each segment's finance expenditure on Guangxi economic growth through number model,and based on that,author proposed the relevant policy suggestions.


Universal design for learning (UDL) ensures that content is accessible to the largest audience by removing learning impediments (CAST, 2011). However, few scholars have surveyed students about how much UDL they encounter in their courses or how important they perceive these course modifications to be, especially in a post-secondary context. To this end, students at a Canadian college were surveyed. In a follow-up survey, faculty were also asked to report on how they thought their students perceived and valued their UDL usage. UDL perceived usage and perceived usefulness data were compared across both students and faculty and there was much agreement across the samples. Disagreements are discussed.


This article aims to show the possible savings in electricity costs in smart building installations with the use of new version of Raspberry Pi 3 model B + as the control unit in intelligent building automation systems. It presents a comparison of the consumption of electricity in two units used in the central control systems, i.e. a small Windows-based computer and a Raspberry microcomputer. The power consumption of these units was measured during the rest period and during standard operations in the intelligent installation system. The conducted measurements proved that the use of the new updated version of Raspberry Pi 3 model B + as the central control unit in intelligent building management systems is more economical and energy-saving.


Exeter students who had their 2019-2020 Year Abroad (YA) cut short by
 the COVID-19 health crisis were offered alternative online language
 provision to support their learning. This contribution discusses the
 students and staff's experience in the light of 'learning is a journey'
 metaphor.


Ever since the seminal work of Sargent and Wallace (1981) it has been recognised, however, that granting legal independence to a central bank is not sufficient to keep monetary policy effective on a sustained basis. Recently Woodford (1994, 2001), Canzoneri et al (2002) and others emphasised that for monetary policy to be effective it should not be dominated by fiscal policy. Alternatively, in addition to granting legal independence to the central bank, the fiscal policy regime must be such that it does not allow changes in the price level to become the mechanism through which the condition for government solvency is satisfied. In other words the framework of fiscal policy should result in a monetary dominant regime.


While Fors/ing and Miliedge (1977) found that 4 h. exposure to 10.5% oxygen (equivalent to 5490 m altitude) had little effect on vasopressin release in man, the resul t of prolonged exposure is not deal. Excessive fluid retention and hence possibly vasopressin could contribute to the various forms of oedema seen at altitude. These indude pulmonary, cerebral and peripheral oedema as defined previously (Hackett, Rennie and Levine 1976). The purpose of the present study was to investigate the release of vasopressin in the human at altitude with a view to a greater understanding of the pathophysiology of acute mountain sickness (AMS) and altitude oedema.


This study provides both a critical insight into the institutionalised culture of health services provision in the Northern Territory and, most importantly, points towards ways in which that culture can be transformed. We conclude that 'compliance', thought of as a measure of patient uptake, must be forgotten. Instead, provision and uptake issues must be thought about simultaneously, as two sides of the one coin. Although 'local' in focus, the findings of the study have ramifications for Aboriginal health policy and service provision nationally.


In this communication, an effective set of the Hartree-Fock equations are derived only for electrons of the muonic systems, i.e., molecules containing a positively charged muon, conceiving the muon as a quantum oscillator. In these equations, a non-Coulombic potential is added to the orthodox coulomb and exchange potential energy terms, which describes the interaction of the muon and electrons effectively. The explicit form of the effective potential depends on the nature of muon vibrations and is derived for a combination of Cartesian Gaussian functions that are used to expand the muonic spatial orbital. The resulting effective Hartree-Fock equations are implemented computationally and used successfully, as a proof of concept, in the case of MuCN molecule, which results from replacing the proton of HCN molecule with a muon. The developed effective Hartree-Fock theory is quite general and in principle can be used for any muonic system while it is the starting point for a general effective electronic structure theory that incorporates various types of quantum correlations beyond the Hartree-Fock equations.


This papa was selected for presentation by an SPE Program Committee following review of informationcontained in an abstract aubmiltad by the author(a).


The residue of paraquat herbicides may cause human health problems. Paraquat causes the testosterone hormone to decline. Testosterone hormone affects aggressive and sexual behavior. It is caused by free radicals in the body. Free radicals can be non-reactive if in the body there are antioxidants. Red ginger could be used as an antioxidant because it has active phenolic compounds, such as arginine, gingerol, shogaol, zingerone, gingerdiol, and zingiber. Ginger could increase serum testosterone levels. The purpose of this research is to know the effect of red ginger ethanol extract on aggressiveness and libido of male mice induced by paraquat herbicide. This study used a Completely Randomized Design (RAL) consisting of six treatment groups with four replications each. Group P1 as control (aqua dest), P2 (paraquat at dose 20 mg/kg BM), P3, P4, P5 (paraquat with dose 20 mg/kg BM and red ginger extract at 200 mg/kg BM, 400 mg/kg BM, 600 mg/kg BM) and P6 (red ginger extract at 600mg/kg BM). Paraquat is given 2 times a week for 21 days and the red ginger extract is given daily for 35 days. The result of analysis with One-way ANOVA and continued BNT at 5% showed that giving of red ginger ethanol extract can increase aggressive behavior and libido of male mice induced paraquat herbicide.


In order to improve the entrepreneurial practice ability of college students' Huizhou merchants under the environment of big data, this paper puts forward a novel research method of college students' Huizhou merchants' entrepreneurial practice based on big data. Based on big data, this method constructs big data network sharing platform, which can retrieve and mine all kinds of information related to college students' Huizhou merchants' entrepreneurship. The research results show that this method is helpful to improve the practical ability and success rate of college students' Huizhou merchants' entrepreneurship, and realize the cross-regional exchange of Huizhou merchants' entrepreneurial practical experience.


In this paper we present initial analysis of time series obtained from fiber optic monitoring system. The results indicate that application of GA (Genetic Algorithm) for control of nitrogen oxides (NOx) emission from power burner brings promising results and perspectives for development of fiber optic sensors for combustion quality evaluation.


This article supports a case for an increased research focus upon and within counsellor training with consideration of the counsellor's religious orientation. This aspect of professional diversity was investigated via in-depth interviews with eight religiously-committed psychodynamic counsellors. Their accounts of experiences in training, supervision, personal therapy and professional practice were subjected to qualitative analysis using grounded theory methods. Three major themes were identified: changes occurring in participants' religiosity; aspects of disclosure of personal religious commitment; and the non-inclusion of religious issues within the counsellor training process. The latter theme emerged considerably more forcefully than the others, and produced an array of questions to stimulate further research.


Taking Sun Yat -Sen University Cancer Center as an example,the paper introduces the development and utilization of wards online management system from four aspects:business process,database design,system function,application significance and effects.It concludes that the system could optimize the process,realize cost control and improve work efficiency.


AbstrcatThrough approaching the design and development method of CAI framework based on CSCW and hypermedia ,authors take the course of machine and mechanism theory as an example,introduce the technique and method of CAI software's designing and producing, which is based on CSCW and hypermedia.\;


In the west of Daqing placantioline, Gaotaizi layer has properties of poor porosity and permeability due to high calcium and mud content. The conventional fracturing and acidizing methods would cause clay .swelling and granule migration, which will reduce the effective porosity and make the bridge block, harm the layer. Based on the analysis of the layer' s physical properties, the acid fracturing technique, acid liquid and fracturing liquid, we have developed a new acid liquid, fracturing liquid and additive for the layer in the west of Daqing placanticline, a new technique is provided for this area. The result of 1 1 layers and 3 wells showed the closed acid fracturing increased the producing liquid and reservoir physical properties greatly, the well testing reports have shown that the layer' s effective permeability Increased by 3.3- 4.84 times, Comparing with the common fracturing, 5 (skin factor) reduced from - 1. 65 to -3. 99. The on-site test verified that the acid fracturing technique could be applied as the main stimulating technique in the west of Daqing placanticline.


A practical expression for reflectances below the energy gap of GaP was determined from measured reflectances in the region of visible light at 300 K by the Kramers-Kronig technique. The temperature dependence of the reflectances was taken into account in the expression.


Freshwater turtles face many threats but roadkill is one of the most serious for many species. Roadkill of turtles is not uniformly distributed across roads but aggregated in certain areas, termed hotspots. A key question in identifying hotspots is whether they are fixed locations or if they shift from year to year because of changes in movement patterns. We compared how one, two, and three years of road survey data compared with the pooled data from four years of surveys. We found 254 turtles during 73 surveys during four years along a 15.5 km road section in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. The four years of pooled data produced four hotspots ("pooled hotspots") while each year or combination of years produced from three to five hotspots, four of which approximately corresponded to the pooled hotspots. The average percentage overlap of hotspots between one, two, or three years of survey data and the pooled hotspots ranged from 58.7% to 88.9%. Just one year of surveys sometimes missed one of the pooled hotspots, underestimated the spatial extent of the pooled hotspots, and also sometimes produced an additional "temporary" hotspot. Two years of surveys generally produced better approximations of the pooled hotspots and better identified the spatial extent of those hotspots.


The method of the effectiveness estimation of the process control of the aircraft flying suitability, the process hierar-chical structure taking into account, is suggested.


Background Membrane transporters control the influx and efflux of endogenous and xenobiotic substrates, including nutrients and drugs, across cellular membranes. Objective Whole transcriptome sequencing enables simultaneous analysis of overall and allele-specific mRNA expression, and the detection of multiple RNA isoforms. Methods Here we characterize variation in RNA transcripts emanating from gene loci encoding transporters based on RNAseq data from 10 human brains (including cocaine overdose and normal brain tissues) and 12 normal livers. Results mRNA expression was detected in 65% of transporter genes in either tissue, with many genes generating multiple mRNA transcripts. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms within transporters with previous evidence for pharmacogenomics impact were detected. We also identified noncoding RNAs in the vicinity of transporter genes with potential regulatory functions. Conclusion The results obtained with RNAseq provide detailed information on transporter mRNA expression at the molecular level, affording new avenues for the study of membrane transport, with relevance to drug efficacy and toxicity.


Tall-grass prairie vegetation was analyzed in 15 Oklahoma counties. Andropogon scoparius Michx. was the most important grass in all geographic regions, but its percent composition was inversely related to the amount of precipitation. The percent composition of Andropogon Gerardi Vitman differed little between the western and central sections but increased markedly in the eastern section. Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash and Panicum virgatum L. had their highest percent composition in the central region with an intermediate amount of precipitation. Diversity and basal cover did not change from west to east.