genomewide association genetic contribution joint poorly by age, sex, body mass index, co- morbidities and an individual's sensitivity to pain. Methods: Genetic association studies comparing variants in symp- tomatic and asymptomatic hip and knee OA cases and controls from the UK have been carried out. Results: Genetic studies in humans have identified molecules involved in signaling cascades that are important for the development of the pathology of articular cartilage, in particular the growth differentiation factor 5 (GDF5). Results are shown on the role of genes encoding molecules in pain- related pathways in genetic risk of symptomatic OA. The SCN9A is responsible for three human pain disorders and variation at this gene affecting peripheral pain thresholds have been implicated in various forms of chronic pain, including OA pain. Although no association is seed between the R1150W variant at this gene and OA pain (odds ratio (OR) ¼ 0.90 95% CI 0.71-1.15; p ¼ 0.38) a significant association is observed with chronic widespread pain in three independent cohorts (OR ¼ 1.40 95% CI 1.08-1.80; p ¼ 0.0085). The capsaicin receptor (TRPV1) is a ligand-gated ion channel predominantly in peripheral nociceptors and activated by multiple noxious stimuli. We have investigated the role of a genotype implicated in peripheral pain sensitivity on risk of symptomatic knee OA. Conclusions: We find that variation at pain related genes is implicated in susceptibility to painful large joint OA. Understanding the genetic causes of pain among OA patients, can help explain the discordance between radiographic and pain severity. Osteoarthritis (OA) has strong heritability, but the precise nature of inherited risk is unknown. Marked abnormality of joint and bone shape (e.g. childhood dysplasias) clearly cause premature OA, but recent studies suggest that milder forms of abnormal joint shape may also predispose to ''joint failure'' in adults. This talk reviews examples of both localised morphological risk factors (e.g. non-spherical femoral head shape and lower neck-shaft angle at the hip; smaller floor to knee height at the knee) and possible markers of systemic developmental factors (e.g. 2D:4D finger ratio). Disclosures: The author has declared no conflicts of interest.


We present a generalized Peierls–Nabarro model for curved dislocations incorporating directly the Peierls energies for both straight dislocations and dislocation kinks. In our model, the anisotropic elastic energy is calculated efficiently using the discrete Fourier transform on the discrete lattice sites of the slip plane, and the discreteness in both the elastic energy and the misfit energy is included. We have used our model to calculate the kink migration and nucleation energies of the 30° dislocations in silicon. The results agree well with those obtained using atomistic potentials and first principles calculations, and the experimental results.


The ecology, distribution records, systematics and literature of the monotypic genus Paratriatoma in western North America are reported on. Hybridization studies were conducted among 5 populations of Paralriatoma , i.e., P. hirsute hirsuta rough and smooth egg populations, P. hirsuta kamiensis, P. hirsuta pimae , and P. hirsuta yumanensis.


This dissertaion,aiming at the shortage of credit for the time being,carries out detailed researches and deep analysises on how to design and realize an exchanging and supporting platform of credit information based on the NET framework.This thesis focuses on the studying of systematic structure,topology structure of data exchanging,main components,process of data exchanging,accordingly comes up to a designing and realizing proposal about the exchanging and supporting platform of credit information based on the NET framework.


We found that heterogeneity of Ce:LiCaAlF6 single crystal grown by Czochralski (Cz) method. It was showed by measurement of multi-photon luminescence and it is due to Ce3+ ion by using LA-ICPMS. And we investigated the lasing properties of Ce:LiCaAlF6 at three areas with different concentration and distribution of Ce ion. As a result, the slope efficiency is highest and the lasing threshold is smallest at the uniformly distributed area of Ce ion. So the factor of scatterers has a greater effect on lasing properties than that of concentration of Ce ion.


An electron impact (EI) ion source was developed for cluster ion generation. Ammonia was used as a model gas to optimize various conditions of the EI source for cluster ion generation. Electrons emitted from tungsten filaments were accelerated through slits into the region where a nozzle for supersonic expansion was placed. We examined the effects on cluster intensities of the slits' length, distance d between the head of the nozzle and ionization point, and aperture size of the nozzle. It was found that the longer slits 15 mm could provide greater cluster ion intensities than the shorter ones 5 mm. The distance d was confirmed to be critical on the cluster intensities. The larger aperture ϕ50 μm was found to be favorable for cluster generation than the smaller one, ϕ30 μm, and the effect of d was attenuated with the larger aperture.


In article concept of stay of action of the labour contract is analysed. The researcher analysis also its form and a parity of the last with forms of time of rest and disciplinary duties of workers.


Department of Architecture, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana *Corresponding Author's E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Tel: +233 24 4858961 Performance can be related to factors such as learning styles, students' background, tutors years of experience, and number of contact hours. Due to the complexity of the associated factors, it is not an easy task to predict performance. The students of the Department of Architecture, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana have the notion that colleagues who are admitted at odd academic years perform better than those at even years. To investigate this assertion, a pilot study was organised to evaluate the assertion. Moreover, results of architectural design studio grades of first year students (859) from the year 2000 to 2012 formed the focus of observation. Mean grades, maximums, minimums, percentage grades and standard scores were calculated. The output results indicated that the assertion of odd enrolment year having a better performance was found to be baseless. However, mean scores of mean maximum studio grades were slightly higher (0.4%) in odd years. Moreover, more students (57%) were found to do better in even enrolment years considering a base grade of 64%. Students in smaller classes performed best and this result was found to be significant. School authorities are to plan for smaller class sizes to maintain good performance at architectural design studios.


The ability to reduce the peroxidase (myeloglobin/H2O2)-generated ABTS•+ [2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical cation] has been used to rank the antioxidant activity of various agents including dietary flavonoids and chalcones. Surprisingly, we found that in the presence of catalytic concentrations of the phenol B-ring containing flavonoids, apigenin, naringenin and the chalcone phloretin, the formation of the ABTS•+ was initially increased. The enhanced formation of the ABTS•+ was attributed to the peroxidase/H2O2 mediated generation of polyphenolic phenoxyl radicals that were able to co-oxidize ABTS. The relative ABTS•+ generating ability of these dietary polyphenolics correlated with their ability to co-oxidize NADH to the NAD* radical with the resultant generation of superoxide. This pro-oxidant activity was not observed for either luteolin or eriodyctiol, which are B-ring catecholic analogues of apigenin and naringenin, respectively, suggesting that these antioxidants are incapable of the transition metal-independent generation of reactive oxygen species. This pro-oxidant activity of the polyphenolics therefore needs to be taken into account when quantifying antioxidant activity.


Heat is a by-product which is constantly being generated in the operation of a power inverter and if left unchecked will inevitably lead to the damage of the device. Hence a means to efficiently dissipate this heat has to be employed. In this research, a heat sink is mathematically modelled and its thermal performance was evaluated using ANSYS software and experimentally validated. The optimisation of the heat sink was done with the aid of the FMINCON optimization tool in MATLAB. A K-type thermocouple and a three channel temperature logger, MTM-380SD, with real time data logger were used to obtain temperature data of the heat sink for the purpose of experimental validation. The optimized heat sink parameters are heat sink length and width, number of fins, base thickness, fin height, thickness and spacing. Results show that the percentage deviation between the simulation and experimental temperature results for a pulse load of 300W is 8%, for a pulse load of 460W is 3%, for a pulse load of 600W is 8%, for a pulse load of 1015W is 2%. The maximum simulated and experimented temperatures are 84°C and 85.4°C. Thus the inverter can be safely and reliably operated.


The structures of lambda-Al4Mn, manganese aluminide, kappa-Al177Cr49Ni, chromium nickel aluminide, and epsilon-Al4Cr, chromium aluminide, which have been described in terms of the aggregation of clusters until now, are interpreted as modulated structures. They are basically composed of close-packed layers with ordered atomic vacancies. The observed stacking motif of the atoms can be found in many phases related to icosahedral and decagonal quasicrystals. This analysis will be helpful in the study of not only many complex alloys, but also quasicrystals.


Abstract In this work, the MAF set-up is fixed on a vertical milling machine, and experiments are performed for optimizing the process parameters using central composite design (CCD) based on response surface methodology (RSM). From these experiments, output responses like percentage improvement in surface roughness (%ΔRa) and the material removal rate (MRR) are measured. An airgap is maintained in the range of 1.5-2 mm at a voltage of 10-20 V. A series of 62 experiments are conducted using selected process parameters at different levels. A grey based fuzzy algorithm is used to optimize the multi-response characteristics. The grey fuzzy reasoning grade (GFRG) is used to identify the optimal process parameters. From the results, the highest GFRG value is obtained at a voltage of 15 V with a corresponding rotational speed, machining gap, mesh number and mixing ratio of 750 rpm, 1.75 mm, 800 and 1: 2, respectively. In addition, analysis of variance (ANOVA) is used to identify the percentage contribution of each parameter in the MAF process, and the same is verified through experimentation. Optical microscopic images confirm that the surface finish of SS310s has been improved using the MAF process.


Aiming at the disadvantages in the current study of evaluation theory and method,this paper establishes an indicator system of regional land resources security evaluation,analyzes in detail the meaning of each index,methods of acquiring indexes and evaluation standards,and discusses methods of evaluating regional land resources security,with Sihui City,Guangdong Province,as an example.


With widespread performance of coronary artery stenting, the number of in-stent restenosis (ISR) has increased in recent years. How to treat ISR effectively has been a great challenge in the field of cardiology. Recently, some notable clinical trials have confirmed that sirolimus-eluting stents (SESs) (CYPHERTM, Cordis, J&J Inc, USA) reduce ISR rate dramatically. So far, there have been few reports on the efficacy of using SESs to treat ISR.1,2 So, we used SESs to treat 27 patients with ISR and followed up for at least six months.


Often there is a need to transport newborn babies from birthing location to other areas. Neonates are less developed and therefore less tolerant of transports that are usually performed with an environmental conditioning instrument known as incubator. Neonatal patients show a large sensitivity to external stimulation, that is, noise and vibrations. It has been shown by the International Standards Organization that vibrations have "adverse effects on cardiorespiratory function, the peripheral and central nervous system, electroencephalographic activity, body temperature, metabolic and endocrine function, and the gastrointestinal system" in adults. Standards concerning safe incubator transport are currently lacking. There is a standard concerning the allowable amount of noise a baby within an incubator can safely endure, but there are no standards concerning the amount of allowable vibrations. Standards have been set by the International Standards Organization concerning whole-body vibration for seated adults. The standards consider weighted vibrations of more than 2 m/s2 to be extremely uncomfortable. The standard only takes into account seated adults; however, no standard for large or small individuals in other positions such as standing, reclining, or in a recumbent position has been adopted. Neonatal transport patients are much more sensitive to mechanical stress, especially in a recumbent position. In our study, vibrations in the z-axis were found to be above the extremely uncomfortable level. Average root-mean-square values for the acceleration were found to be at a maximum of 2.6 m/s2, and the peak acceleration values were found to be at a maximum of 15.9 m/s2. This novel study develops a baseline value for the incubators currently in use at the hospital, along with an in-house testing procedure to help identify safe conditions for neonatal transport. The results of this study can further assist in developing and maintaining an effective shock suppression system as part of the transport incubator preventative maintenance program. This information facilitates an important step toward the understanding of the critical transport system's vibration isolation components and the contribution of poor maintenance toward increased vibration amplitude during transport.


This study examines the effect of FASB Accounting Standards Codification on Fair Value Measurements (ASC 820-10) on distressed and non-distressed firms in the manufacturing sector. The manufacturing sector took a considerable hit in production aided by the decreased global liquidity caused by the major financial crisis of 2007. This study aims to shed light on the effects of corporate disclosure regulation and its effects on firms with a perceived incentive to bias financial reporting. Initial results indicate that ASC 820-10 did improve financial reporting quality however the requirement did have a differential effect on distressed and non-distressed firms.


The main steps of the finite element method substructure parallel algorithm in compu-tation are generalized and the costs of computation and communication are estimated. Based on the results of analysis, the performance and scalability are analyzed. And, the critical factors influencing the parallel efficiency of the algorithm are presented. Finally, some suggestions are made for optimization and improvement.


Astronomers use pulsars as astronomical clocks to perform physical tests, such as in testing Einstein's Theory of General Relativity. As these tests require more precise clock time measurements, we run into problems associated with the pulses traveling through particles in space. Using data taken simultaneously at two radio telescopes, we looked to improve the precision of measurements taken of two pulsars. We looked for correlations between data sets using a variety of techniques to account for the error in our measurements. We report our results in the hopes that these methods can be used in future pulsar timings. Introduction Stars undergo a life cycle occurring over millions to billions of years with a variety of evolutionary tracks. At the end of their lives, stars become a new class of celestial object based upon their masses. An average mass star like our Sun will eventually become a Red Giant, expanding in size and shedding off its outer, gaseous layers, and leaving the burnt out core behind, forming what is known as a white dwarf. Larger mass stars between 1.4 and 2.0 times the mass of the Sun will form a Red Supergiant and eventually supernova. Left behind is what is called a neutron star. Much heavier stars will also supernova, the portion left behind collapsing under the force of gravity into a black hole. This paper will discuss the uses of a subset the middle class of stellar remnants: pulsars. Neutron stars are composed of mostly neutrons surrounded in a thin shell of iron. Those that spin along a


The current BNFL Inc. flow sheet for pretreating Hanford High-Level tank wastes includes the use of Superlig(reg.sign)639 (SL-639) in a dual column system for removing technetium-99 ({sup 99}Tc) from the aqueous fraction of the waste. This sorbent material has been developed and supplied by IBC Advanced Technologies, Inc., American Fork, UT. This report documents the results of testing the SL-639 sorbent with diluted waste [Na{sup +}] {approx} 5 M from Tank 241-AN-107 (an Envelope C waste, abbreviated AN-107) at Battelle Northwest Laboratories (BNW). The equilibrium behavior was assessed with batch contacts between the sorbent and the waste. Two AN-107 samples were used: (1) an archived sample from previous testing and (2) a more recent sample collected specifically for BNFL. A portion of the archive sample and all of the BNFL sample were treated to remove Sr-90 and transuranic elements (TRU). All samples had also been Cs decontaminated by ion exchange (IX), and were spiked with a technetium-95m ({sup 95m}Tc) pertechnetate tracer, {sup 95m}TcO{sub 4}{sup -}.The TcO{sub 4}{sup -} and total Tc K{sub d} values, assumed equal to the {sup 95m}Tc and {sup 99}Tc K{sub d}'s, respectively, are shown in Table S1. Values are averages of duplicates, which showed significant scatter. The total Tc K{sub d} for the BNFL sample is much lower than the TcO{sub 4}{sup -}, indicating that a large fraction of the {sup 99}Tc is not pertechnetate.


Summary Grasshoppers and crickets of Montenegro have never been systematically studied. In this paper we present new distribution records of 119 Orthoptera species from Montenegro, sampled at 116 localities in different parts of the country in the period between 2010 and 2017. We also present records of older material deposited in the collection of the Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest. Oecanthus dulcisonans Gorochov, 1993 is recorded for the first time in Montenegro. Most of the areas investigated in this paper were never studied before, so our data represent the first information on Orthoptera of these parts of Montenegro.


This symposium focuses on understanding developmental experiences in the adult lives of women, including the nature of psychosocial changes and their relation to chronological age, family-cycle phase,


summary
Vegetative hyphae of the Gliocladium-like endophyte of Lolium perenne L. were characterized by apparently unstructured walls and high lipid content. Hyphae were intercellular during their active phase from late summer to winter, at which point they reached their highest density and became also intracellular in the tissues of the senescent outermost leaf. When numbers of hyphae in host tissue were greatest, a marked cytoplasmic change was noted in the endophyte present in blades of the outermost leaves of tillers. This involved depletion of lipid and deposition of electron-opaque material within vacuoles. These modifications occurred shortly before the formation of reproductive structures and defined a pre-sporulation phase. Aggregates of hyphae near the epidermis in senescent outer sheaths resembled sclerotia, but lacked indurated rinds. Concentric bodies were observed in pre-sporulation hyphae. Conidiomata formed in the senescent outermost leaf blade and on its surface during winter. Conidiophores developed from pre-sporulation hyphae and produced mucilage-secreting, penicillate conidiomata bearing cylindrical phialides with enteroblastic conidia at their apices. Phialide cytoplasm contained many ribosomes, small vacuoles and enlarged vesicles. The envelope of the prominent nucleus showed connections with an extensive and variable system of dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum stacks close to the nucleus and, further removed, areas of smooth fenestrated cisternae. With formation of the first conidium, the outer mucilaginous wall of the phialide ruptured to form a recurved collarette. Conidia continued maturation after schizolytic secession, with enlargement, disappearance of reserve materials, and elongation and contortion of the nucleus. A layer of parallel-lying short lengths of peg- or rod-like structures lay within the inner membrane of the envelope and heterochromatin was excluded from this zone.


This study is conducted to determine the modal parameters namely natural frequencies and mode shapes of aluminum 6061 (Al6061). A light and small structure made from Al6061 is chosen as the experimental specimen mainly because of its wide application in industries such as automotive parts or accessories and robotic, mainly in manufacturing of automobile frames. If a component vibrates with a frequency that is coherent with the component's natural frequency, resonance frequency will occur and structural failure might emerge. Two sensors i.e. piezoelectric film and accelerometer were used. The result obtained were y a = 329.60x – 142.27 (accelerometer) and y p = 304.98x + 15.18 (piezofilm). The relation between natural frequency of accelerometer and piezofilm for the triangle-shape specimen was y a = 1.08y p – 158.67 and can be concluded that the regression ratio of 1.08 was approximately 1.0 which agreed with the status of piezoelectric film sensor that can be used as an alternative sensor for accelerometer. There was a good results agreement between simulation and experimental work outcome.


JEADV 2006, 20, 868–902 © 2006 European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 887 nipple. Squamous cell carcinoma or Paget's disease was suspected. A skin biopsy was performed and revealed a dense, superficial and deep perivascular, periadnexal and lichenoid infiltrate of lymphocytes, histiocytes and plasma cells. The epidermis showed parakeratosis, infiltration of small lymphocytes and neutrophils, and vacuolar alteration of basal cells with scattered necrotic keratinocytes. The findings were interpreted initially as atypical lymphoid infiltrate, but syphilis was diagnosed at pathology consultation and confirmed by Steiner's stain. Examination of the patient 2 weeks after skin biopsy revealed right axillary lymphadenopathy and swelling of the right nipple. VDRL was 1 : 32. Both patients acknowledged recent sexual contacts with women; the nipple had been nibbled 2–4 weeks prior to the onset of the lesion. The skin lesions or/and lymphadenopathy resolved in both patients after two weekly intramuscular injections of penicillin G benzathine 2.4 million units. These two cases illustrate that syphilitic chancre may manifest as a solitary nodule of the nipple and had posed significant diagnostic challenges to clinicians and pathologists. The lesion was thought to be eczema, squamous cell carcinoma or Paget's disease clinically, and lymphoproliferative disease pathologically. Awareness of such usual presentation can facilitate early diagnosis of primary syphilis without resorting to skin biopsy.


An efficient, black-box multiobjective optimization technique is presented, which is capable of simultaneously optimizing designs for performance as well as robustness when input tolerance values are not known a priori. During the optimization process, adaptive statistical surrogate mappings between input variables and output objectives are formulated within a model selection framework. These statistical models can be evaluated in fractions of a second and serve as an efficient surrogate for a more computationally intensive process, such as an electromagnetic simulation. By exploiting the speed offered from surrogate modeling techniques, new, high-performance designs can be quickly identified. In addition, complete tolerance analysis can be conducted within the optimization loop, which provides designers with critical information regarding the robustness of designs. To demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach, it will be applied to the optimization of a capacitively loaded monopole and a wideband Vivaldi antenna.


In this paper, a folded stepped impedance resonator (SIR), modifled by adding an inner quasi-lumped SIR stub, is used as a basis block for a new implementation of dual-band bandpass fllters. The main advantage of the proposed fllter is to make it possible to independently control the electrical features of the flrst and second bands. The behavior of the flrst band basically depends on the geometry of the outer folded SIR. The second band, however, is strongly in∞uenced by the presence of the inner stub. Additional design ∞exibility is achieved by allowing the inner stub to be located at an arbitrary position along the high impedance line section of the main SIR. The position of the tapped input and output lines can be


This article provides an overview about vicarious traumatization (VT) seen in military (and civilian) therapists working with combat veterans. Special focus is placed on the impact of VT on therapists on personal and professional levels. In addition, 8 important factors that impact the VT symptom severity are described: (a) the number of combat veterans and severity of combat trauma assigned/seen by the therapist; (b) personal history of trauma; (c) professional trauma, including deployment/redeployment in combat zones (in Afghanistan and Iraq) to provide therapy in combat zones; (d) the perception of adequate training for working with combat veterans with Type II trauma; (e) peer supervision and/or consultation; (f) availability of social support; (g) self-care and leisure; and (h) resiliency and stress buffers.


Objective:To investigate the value of clinical application in emergency bedside echocardiography. Method:1848 cases who took emergency bedside echocardiography were retrospectively analyzed from Sep.2009 to Sep.2010 in our hospital. Result:The range of age was from 16 to 95 years old,and 1223 cases were older than 65 years.There was no different in gender.But during 66-85 years,male were more than female.The patients were included chest pain 861(46.6%,861/1848);murmur 379(20.5%,379/1848);stroke 110(6%,110/1848);fracture 314(17%,314/1848);traumatic brain injury and cerebral hemorrhage 45(2.4%,45/1848);feet gangrene 91(4.9%,91/1848);others diseases 48(2.6%,48/1848)). Conclusion:Emergency bedside echocardiography play an important role in diagnosis and clinical treatment for critical diseases.


With the rapid development of smart grid, the scale and business application of power dispatching data network are gradually expanding, and the security threats are increasing. Combining with the network structure and the problems faced, this paper proposes a multilayer collaborative defense model design idea, and gives a complete set of implementation method from the perspective of model structure, function and mechanism. The design combines the concept of autonomous defense in the local domain and collaborative defense with the cross-domain, achieving rapid response and disposal of security threats, improving security risk monitoring and overall defense capabilities.


A simple and precise method to deal with experimental analyses of complex systems was built for electric power. By studying the simplest flow (Poisson process), the new statistical method is set up and it is called the simplest fault flow method. The method is based on two characteristic parameters: average life-span θand crowed number λ_(max). The two parameters can be used to express reliability evaluation.Some concepts such as reliability, first-time fault, average life-span and crowed number,are derived from them. In addition, an example of their application in experimentation of reliability of electric power is discussed thoroughly. The example indicates that the new method is more efficient than traditional one in confirming reliability of electric power devices.