Corneal cross-linking (CXL) with ultraviolet-A (UVA) and riboflavin has been used increasingly during past decades. There is strong evidence of its effect on stabilizing the biomechanics of the cornea, so it has become the gold standard for treatment for slowing the progression of keratoconus and post–laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) corneal ectasia. Riboflavin serves as a photosensitizer. When it is activated by UVA radiation, oxygen radicals are released into the corneal stroma, followed by formation of new covalent bonds between collagen fibrils, thereby stiffening the corneal stroma. 1 In this issue of IOVS, Bekesi et al. 2 investigated a new photochemical procedure using rose bengal and green light (RGX) as an alternative to CXL with riboflavin and UVA (UVX). They hypothesized that this new technique might overcome some of the drawbacks of CXL, including dehydration of the cornea, cytotoxicity to keratocytes, and the high percentage of corneal thickness that must be treated to get the desired effect. In their study, they compared the biomechanical corneal response of two different CXL treatments, RGX and UVX using an imaging technique that involves air-puff deformation in rabbit eyes. 2 The investigators demonstrated that both techniques stiffened the cornea. Even though the deformation parameters revealed overall greater stiffening after UVX, the subjects that received RGX seemed to have more effective stiffening in the layer of cornea that was cross-linked (100 lm in RGX and 137 lm in UVX). 2 They attributed this finding to a difference in the covalent cross-links produced by the two photosensitizers after irradiation, since the cross-links are located at different molecular level sites in the corneal stroma. 2 Because of its lower effect on corneal thickness than the standard riboflavin with dextran, and its shallower penetration into stroma, RGX seems to help us to treat corneas less than 400 lm. 2 Additionally, while dextran remained in the cornea during the CXL with riboflavin and UVA, and might affect the deformation parameters after irradiation, rose bengal is partially destroyed during RGX and, thus, might have less of an influence on deformation parameters after irradiation. 2 The authors also claimed that rose bengal alone, without irradiation, could increase the corneal stiffening, as documented previously. 3 In conclusion, these findings highlighted the importance of investigating alternative photosensitizers and illumination sources that may have higher efficacy and lower complications rates compared to the standard CXL method. As the authors discussed, the optimal penetration depth …


The authors reflect on the ethical issues facing team physicians in soccer. They argue that sports ethics may have been overlooked in sports medicine education. The ethical issues highlighted by th ...


The focus of this study is to clarify the effect of the interface edge shape on the bonding strength of ceramic to metal joint. Each silicon nitride to copper joint plate with arc-shaped free surfaces edge was produced by Electric Discharge machining (EDM). The interface edge shape was characterized by defining the edge angle as a configuration angle between the interface plane and tangential line at the arc edge of the bonded interface. Each joint was bonded at high temperature using thin braze metal under vacuum and slowly cooled. Good fit was achieved at each bonded face in this process. The dependence of the bonding strength on the edge angle was experimentally clarified in Silicon nitride to Copper joint with arc-shaped free surfaces. The result shows that changing the edge angle from right angle improves bonding strength since it decreases residual stress near the interface edge. The highest bonding strength appears at the specific interface where the fracture pattern changes. It also shows that secondary machining, which cuts both edges into optimum geometrical conditions after bonding, can improve bonding strength.Copyright © 2008 by ASME


Negative-staining technique was used to investigate whether the extract ZG from Gardenia could change or destroy the virus envelope protein structure to weaken HSV-1 virulence.After treated with extract ZG from Gardenia,the HSV-1 particles and the virus attachment proteins(VAPs) on virus surface were observed under electron microscope.Fluorescein isothiocyanate(FITC) as HSV-1 fluorescent probe and heparin sodium as the control sample,we adopted the cooling charged-coupled device(cCCD) and Aquacomos analysis software to study the effect of extract ZG from Gardenia on the cell adsorption quantity of HSV-1 in different methods.The results showed that extract ZG from Gardenia didn′t directly destroy VAPs of HSV-1.Both the group adding heparin sodium first and the group adding heparin sodium and virus simultaneously could prevent the viral binding to Hep-2 cells.Adding extract ZG from Gardenia in different ways all could prevent the HSV-1 binding to the Hep2 cell surface and reduce the virus adsorption quantity.


This thesis has tested the Farm-Retail price transmission for Norwegian salmon exports to France. By the use of public data for farm level price in Norway, export level price in Norway, retail level price in France, transportation costs and currency exchange rates the price transmission for the Norway-France value chain has been investigated. Tests of asymmetric price transmission were also conducted. Results show that the farm-export linkage is stronger than the export-retail linkage with respect to the price pass through. Both transportation costs and currency exchange rates significantly influences the price transmission elasticity. There is evidence of asymmetric price transmission in the value chain. The price changes at the export level respond more to a decrease in the farm level price than to an increase. The Salmon Agreement between Norway and the EU significantly influenced the market mechanism.


with great interest. We agree that distractions and interruptions can affect theater performance and would like to share findings of a study we conducted to objectively quantify the frequency and impact of these 2 factors during elective gynecology lists. Attention refers to the focus an operator has over the sensory stimuli he or she chooses to process—during a surgical procedure, selective attention is employed by the surgeon to concentrate on the primary task of operating, at the exclusion of others. A distraction, therefore, is defined as an event that could divert the attention of the primary surgeon (or members of the surgical team) from set taskswhile an interruption constituted a break in task activity. Distractions could be visual (e.g., view of monitor being blocked), auditory (phones and bleeps), equipment failures, and irrelevant communications and can force an operator to switch attention from a primary task to process the new stimuli. In our study, the mean number of interruptions per case was 26 episodes, whereas the mean number of level II/III distractionswas 17 episodes per case (level I: minimal level of distraction and operating team not affected; level II: >1 member of the surgical team was visibly distracted from their task; level III: more than 1 member of the team, including the operating consultant, is affected and visibly distracted from task). Interestingly, 90% of interruptions occur in the first 30 minutes of the procedure and 80.9% affected more than 1 member of operating team, leading to a break in task activity (level II/III). Although no complications,


In the times of big data, culture-loaded expressions are of great significance in the research of translation and cross-cultural communication. This paper makes use of big data to study a group of culture-loaded expressions related to "Lantern Festival", which is a representative of Chinese traditional culture, retrieves the data about them in the largest free online English database of corpus "Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA)", and makes use of quantitative research method to analyze the data frequency of these expressions, hopefully to find out data about the influence of "Lantern Festival" on English-speaking world and more appropriate translation versions of these expressions, so as to deduce the influence of Chinese traditional cultures in these areas and the better way of translating these expressions, and to meet the needs of the era of big data.


The implementation of Good Corporate Governance (GCG) will encourage business people to carry out business practices that prioritize the going concern of the company, the interests of stakeholders, and avoid ways of gaining instant profits that are detrimental to others so as to create fair competition and a conducive business climate. Good Corporate Governance (GCG) implemented by companies in Indonesia is very important to support economic growth and stability. Research on earnings management has been carried out both overseas and domestically. But it was found that there was a research gap in previous studies. This research was conducted because of the gap research phenomenon from previous studies. The object of this research is manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2015-2018 with a sample of 57 companies. The results showed that company growth and company size did not have a significant effect on earnings management. While tax planning has a significant influence on earnings management. This research shows that Good Corporate Governance does not moderate the relationship between company size and earnings management. Good Corporate Governance also does not moderate the relationship between tax planning and earnings management.


A Comparison of Medicaid Medical Expenditures for Diabetes, Cardiovascular Disease and COPD/Asthma for Persons with Schizophrenia or No Mental Illness


Antibody responses in serial serum specimens collected from 31 patients with an acute rubella infection were determined by passive hemagglutination (PHA), hemagglutination inhibition (HI), complement fixation (CF), radioimmunoassay (RIA) immunoglobulin G (IgG), and RIA immunoglobulin M (IgM) tests to evaluate the effectiveness of these tests in diagnosing a recent infection. The HI, RIA IgG, and RIA IgM antibodies appeared almost simultaneously and reached the maximum level about 1 week after the onset of rash. Compared to these, the CF antibodies developed only slightly later, whereas the development of the PHA antibodies was much more delayed. The RIA IgM response was shown to be transient, lasting approximately 1.5 to 2.5 months postinfection. The results of this study indicate that demonstration of specific IgM antibodies is the best method for diagnosing a recent infection, one within 2 months after the onset of the illness. If an IgM test is not available, a combination of the HI and PHA tests is recommended.


Objective To evaluate and compare 3 kinds of cecocolon urinary reservoir. Methods Penn pouch,indiana pouch or detenial cecocolon reservoir has been performed for 37 patients.The out-come was evaluated by urodynamic and clinically. Results Good continence has been achieved in all patients with an appendiceal continence mechanism.The capacity and intrareservoir pressure of detenial cecocolon was significantly different from penn or indiana pouch 3 months postoperatively (P0.01) whereas the difference became in no significant 12 months postoperatively (P0.05).The intrareservoir pressure on contraction was lower with penn pouch. Conclusions The penn or modified indiana pouch is better and more ideal as an urinary reservoir whereas the detenial cecocolon pouch is technically simpler.


The ability to make predictions often involves some degree of uncertainty—a key determinant of confidence. Here, we aimed to assess whether predictions are decodable in partially-observable environments where uncertainty exists regarding the one's state, and if this information is sensitive to confidence produced by state uncertainty. We employed functional magnetic resonance imaging based, partially-observable maze navigation task in which subjects predict upcoming scenes and report their confidence regarding these predictions. Using a multi-voxel pattern analysis, we successfully decoded both scene predictions and subjective confidence from activities in localized parietal and prefrontal regions. We also estimated the confidence in their belief about where they were in the maze. Importantly, prediction decoding accuracy varied according to subjective scene confidence and estimated state confidence in the superior parietal lobule and supramarginal gyrus, respectively. These results suggest that prediction in uncertain environments depends on the prefrontal-parietal network within which prediction and confidence interact.


CONTENTS I. Introduction 639 II. Mechanism of the reaction 640 III. Effect of catalysts 642 IV. Effect of acetal structure 643 V. Effect of temperature 643 VI. Migration of alkoxy-radicals 644 VII. Hydrolysis and elimination of alcohol from alkoxyacetals 644 VIII. Reactions of acetals of various classes 645 IX. Related reactions 650 X. Syntheses based on the reaction of acetals with αβ-unsaturated ethers 652


A BSTRACT . Four sweet corn ( Zea mays L.) heterotic patterns have been reported among sugary1 ( su1 ) open-pollinated cultivars: two among sweet corn cultivars ('Golden Bantam' x 'Country Gentleman' and 'Golden Bantam' x 'Stowell's Evergreen'), one related to the 'Reid' x 'Lancaster' fi eld corn heterotic pattern ('NE-HY-13A' x 'NE-HY-13B'), and one related to the northern x southern Spain fi eld corn heterotic pattern ('EPS31' x 'EPS32'). The objective of this research was to compare the performance of sweet corn heterotic patterns. The four crosses and their seven parents were evaluated in 2 years, at two environments in northwestern Spain, as well as in a cold chamber. 'Golden Bantam' x 'Stowell's Evergreen' and 'Golden Bantam' x 'Country Gentleman' had poorer agronomic performance and better ear quality than 'NE-HY-13A' x 'NE-HY-13B' and 'EPS31' x 'EPS32'. 'Golden Bantam' x 'Stowell's Evergreen' had the best cold tolerance in the cold chamber. Earliness, emergence, and early vigor were higher for 'EPS31' x 'EPS32', related to the northern x southern Spain fi eld corn heterotic pattern. Heterosis was positive and signi fi cant for several traits for 'Golden Bantam' x 'Stowell's Evergreen' and 'Golden Bantam' x 'Country Gentleman,' while heterosis was not signi fi cant for 'NE-HY-13A' x 'NE-HY-13B' and 'EPS31' x 'EPS32'. The objective of capitalizing on the 'Reid' x 'Lancaster' and the northern x southern Spain fi eld corn heterotic patterns for improving sweet corn has failed. We believe that heterosis is lost when fi eld corn heterotic patterns are combined with sweet corn, due to incompatibility in gene combination among sweet and fi eld corn genetic backgrounds.


Formation of the Knowledge and Skills to Apply Non-Parametric Methods of Data Analysis in Future Specialists of Physical Education and Sports


By the end of the thirties, Jewish clothes traders were rather numerous at the flea-market of St Ouen. The "aryanisation" archives are a means to learn more exactly how many they were, and what their trades dealt with. We can thus get a contrasted view : there are ready-made sellers, often well-off, who get a stall or a solid shed to display their assortment, and accessories peddlers, poorer men, described as "hawkers" who just get a narrow place on a pavement. But the greatest gap is to be found between those who sell new clothes and second-hand dealers. Nevertheless, both these groups are drawn closer because of their link to the craft industry. The relation of different carreers is a way to assess the strength of this many-shaped link, whether the trader sells his own making, or that of other Jews, mainly immigrated ones. In this last instance, it is worth noting that the seller has nearly always been first a craftsman himself. This link is so close first because the network between immigrants is very close and also because the seller is very well acquainted with the craftsmanship area.


Quantitative analysis on diffusion tensor imaging is prerequisite.The arithmetic of statistical analysis was reviewed in this article via analyzing the arithmetic of quantitative parameters and fiber track on diffusion tensor imaging.


Prediction of traffic is very crucial for its management. Because of human involvement in the generation of this phenomenon, traffic signal is normally accompanied by noise and high levels of non-stationarity. Therefore, traffic signal prediction as one of the important subjects of study has attracted researchers' interests. In this study, a combinatorial approach is proposed for traffic signal prediction, based on Neural Networks and Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm. Elman Neural Network is chosen from amongst many types of Neural Networks due to its feedbacked structure. To this purpose, Particle Swarm optimization algorithm is utilized for adequate training of the Neural Network, instead of common gradient descent based methods. In this work, wavelet transform is employed as a part of the preprocessing stage, for the elimination of transient phenomena as well as for more efficient training of the Neural Network. Simulations are carried out to verify performance of the proposed method, and the results demonstrate good performance in comparison to other methods.


There are three distinct effects in nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) that differ between paramagnetic and diamagnetic molecules in isotropic solution. These are residual dipolar coupling (RDC), pseudocontact shift (PCS) and paramagnetic relaxation enhancement (PRE). All of these effects are dependent on intermolecular angles and distances for a given nucleus of interest and can provide information about the structure and dynamics of a molecule. In order to obtain this valuable information, the molecule is required to display paramagnetic characteristics. One of the up-to-date methods achieves this requirement via the use of small molecular tags that coordinate paramagnetic metal ions. Most of these tags are attached to a protein via a disulfide bridge formed with a solvent exposed cysteine residue. Thus, in order to use this technique for DNA, new tagging strategies are required. In this work, a modified nucleobase was synthesized allowing introduction of a sulfur moiety into the DNA. This provides a method to attach any tag that is based on a disulfide bridge, directly to the DNA. With this nucleobase a carbon triple bond is introduced into the DNA strand, and a subsequent cycloaddition reaction leads to the free sulfur moiety.
The modified nucleobase was successfully tested by tagging a self-complementary DNA strand (24 nucleotides), in which the modified nucleobase was introduced during the DNA synthesis. The Cys-Ph-TAHA tag, preloaded with lutetium, terbium or thulium, was attached via a disulfide bond resulting in a tagged DNA strand loaded with a lanthanide ion. However, even with this milestone, a major aspect of this work was to develop a reliable and reproducible purification and sample preparation protocol. This became a critical element, since the tagging of DNA as compared to proteins is challenging by the ability for the phosphate backbone to coordinate lanthanide ions.
In the theoretical framework section, a complete step-by-step derivation of the three major paramagnetic effects starting from first principles is given. For the derivation of the equations describing the RDCs, PCSs and PREs, expressions for the dipolar Hamiltonians, cross relaxation rates, alignment induced RDCs, correlation functions and spectral densities are presented.
The second topic of this work is based on a different paramagnetic effect. In order to overcome the lower sensitivity of NMR compared to other spectroscopic methods, there are many reports on approaches that increase the polarization of the investigated nuclei, i.e. that create hyperpolarized species. One of these methods, photochemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization (photo CIDNP), is based on short lived radicals created by direct illumination of the sample in the magnet with a laser beam. Within the scope of this thesis, a photo CIDNP setup was planned, built and tested. The first experiments and results with triethylenediamine, tyrosine and 3-fluoro-L-tyrosine demonstrated the usefulness as well as the limitations of this technique. For 3-fluoro-L-tyrosine a complete analysis of the relaxation behaviour, including cross relaxation and cross-correlated relaxation, is given.


iNTRODUCTiON: Palatal fistula rates after primary repair are reported to range between three and twenty-nine percent. Protocols differ among surgeons in regard to a postoperative feeding regimen because many surgeons believe this affects the long term outcome after repair. This review was performed in order to compare the palatal fistula rate of patients in our institution, who were allowed to feed with a bottle immediately postoperatively, to the reported rate of postoperative palatal fistula in the literature.


The Phyllachora shiraiana complex is a group of weak pathogens on the bambusoid genera Arundinaria: Bambusa. Sasa and Schizostachyum; until now this group has not been reported in Australia. In this paper we provide the first record of this complex on the endemic bamboo, Bambusa arnhemica, from Kakadu National Park in the Northern Territory. Australian collections of this fungus are described and illustrated, and are compared with twelve other Phyllachora species that have been previously described on bamboo.


Abstract: In the world, many new imminent technologies are premeditated and introduced to lessen the carbon emission and various summit takes places every year. Moreover, the countless scholars are betrothed in the field of renewable resources like solar energy, wind energy and various renewable sources across the globe. This technology gap put forth the new innovation of emission control with energy management topology. An AC small micro-grid system with Renewable energy sources like an EV, DG are implemented and mainly controlling of load shift for domestic residential applications are designed. In case of PV, the controlling of temperature plays a vital role in this design, whereas the conditions like Standard Test Condition and Nominal Operating Cell Temperature modes are intended. Furthermore, the secondary backup support system like battery (EV) are aimed to provide non interrupted power deliver in the scenarios of lower irradiance, moreover D-Q algorithm optimization are used to AC load regulation and this design simulated using MATLAB.


In this study, we aimed at analyzing the relationship between industrial enterprises from the State of Sao Paulo and its stakeholders, based on the stakeholders theory. The research, both descriptive and quantitative, considers that three attributes - power, legitimacy and urgency - should define the relationship or the influence of each stakeholder and the organization. The research was conducted through an electronic survey, using a questionnaire sent to members of the Center of Industries of Sao Paulo State. The sample was intentional and non-probabilistic, summing up 149 valid responses. Despite methodological limitations, the results indicate that stakeholders are regarded by respondents in different ways, which would make it possible to have both different treatment and strategic prioritization of stakeholders by organizations, with clients and consumers prevailing over others. Through factor analysis, we have grouped the 11 classes of stakeholders analyzed in 3 categories - direct relationship with business, indirect relationship with business, and business property -, diverging from classifications proposed by previous studies.


A DESCRIBED TISU HAVING SMOOTH a comforting sensation and containing a composition comprising softening from about 20% to about 98% by weight glycerine and from about 0.2% to about 5% by weight of a SELECTED quaternary ammonium compound from the group consisting of: TRIMETHYL monoalkyl quaternary amines, quaternary amines benzyl monomethyl trialkyl quaternary amines, imidazolinium quaternary amines, quaternary AMINA SILICONE qUATERNARY and lanolin derivatives. COMPOSITION softening APPLIES TO ANY TISU AS facial tissue, bath or washcloths TISU


Some researches were done on the size dependency of sex ratio variety,but the whole life-history process and module layer of sex ratio with a size dependency were not involved in actual reports.In this paper,studies were made of the size dependency of the sex ratio variety for the whole life history phase in monoecious Jatropha curcas,a biodisiel plant,and a discussion was made on this question to module and organ layers.At the level of organ,the weight and quantity of female flowers were relatively bigger,and anthocaulus dimension was more robust than that of male flowers,and the sex ratio was correlated to weight and quantity of female flowers.At the level of module,the quantity of female flowers and sex ratio were significantly correlated to the module size,which was no difference between plots.The difference in the quantity of female and sex ratio was obvious between the diameter and length of module,and continuously increased with diameter,but decreased beyond the moderate length with a parabolic equation.At the level of individual,the quantity of female flowers and sex ratio had a curve relation with the individual diameter and age,and accorded with the down-parabolic equation.In the phase of young and old trees,the quantity of female flowers and sex ratio were lower,and higher in mature trees,implying the obvious peculiarity of life-history phase.The sex ratio of unit branch had a contrary trend to the size variety of sex ratio,and increased with age and diameter.Results demonstrated that quantity of female flowers and sex ratio in monoecious plant for Jatropha curcas had an obvious size-dependent feature,and an female fitness had obvious peculiarity of life-history phase.In practice,according to the phase feature of organ,module and individuals,some suggestions were provided for managing activity at the cole of promoting the branching capacity of module to keep the higher forming ability of female flowers.


Mapping the mechanistic heterogeneity and multifactorial nature of AD is a key challenge for therapeutic development and the main reason why network biology and multi‐modal therapies begin to attract attention also in AD research. miRNA‐targeted therapeutics are particularly suited for such purposes, as they regulate multiple components of several molecular cascades converging on disease‐relevant patho‐phenotypes. MicroRNA‐132 (miR‐132), a potent neuroimmune regulator, has been identified as the most robustly and significantly downregulated microRNA in the brain of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) patients and its deficiency has been functionally linked to amyloid deposition, TAU hyperphosphorylation, neuronal cell death and memory decline, in human and rodents. Of note, miR‐132 can explain a higher percentage of the observed variance in histopathological AD phenotypes than APOE e4, a major risk factor for AD, while more recent evidence functionally links miR‐132 to neuroinflammation. These observations suggest that miR‐132‐dependent network‐based gene regulation in human AD brain converges onto biological pathways that can drive disease endophenotypes. Direct miR‐132 infusion in the AD mouse brain can counteract several aspects of pathology and memory deficits, providing a proof‐of‐concept of its therapeutic relevance. Despite the great benefit of the multi‐targeting nature of microRNAs for treating multifactorial diseases such as AD, this approach also entails the risk of on‐ and off‐ target toxicity, highlighting the importance of systematic genome‐wide target validation. While specific miR‐132 targets with direct implications in amyloid and TAU pathologies have been previously identified, the complex multicellular miR‐132 targetome involved in the disease progression of AD remains elusive, and is a crucial requirement for therapeutic targeting.


In this paper, we study the perturbed Riemann problem for a class of nonstrictly hyperbolic system of conservation laws, and focuse on the interactions of delta shock waves with the shock waves and the rarefaction waves. The global solutions are constructed completely with the method of splitting delta function. In solutions, we find a new kind of nonclassical wave, which is called delta contact discontinuity with Dirac delta function in both components. It is quite different from the previous ones on which only one state variable contains the Dirac delta function. Moreover, by letting perturbed parameter ε tend to zero, we analyze the stability of Riemann solutions.


ABSTRACT The marked and persistent gender segregation in apprenticeship has been well documented. The social construction of 'male' and 'female' jobs is a key factor in the gendered patterns evident in career choice. Research on young women who have chosen careers in male-dominated occupations risks constructing them as 'Other', typically concluding that rather than challenging the gender binary, the women would reinforce it, echoing 'tomboy' identities according to which girls are aligning themselves with boys whilst devaluing femininity. Based on biographical interviews, this paper explores the role of gender in the career decision-making of one German and one English woman motor mechanic apprentice. It illustrates the strongly normative but highly contextual nature of gender as the two women negotiate identities in their quests to live 'liveable lives'. It will be argued that the rich and multi-faceted experiences of these two young women belie stereotypical accounts of gender, suggesting acceptable ways of being in male workspaces.


This paper presents grey wolf optimization - GWO. After presenting the biological basis of GWO, it explains the method itself and then the main algorithms of the GWO method as well as their mathematical models. The Grey Wolf Algorithm (GWO) is presented in detail as well as the manner of its operation and it application to optimization examples of engineering problems, such as: optimization of speed reducer, pressure vessel, spring, car side impact, cone coupling and cantilever beam. At the end, the results obtained by the GWO method are compared to the results previously obtained by other methods.


Peculiarities of the Bragg diffraction of light in a periodically inhomogeneous acoustic field are studied. Different variants of amplitude and phase spatial modulation of the acoustic field are analyzed. Amplitude, angular and frequency characteristics are calculated for case of strong acousto-optic interaction.


The emergence of development co-operation policy the Lome relationship the Mediterranean Latin America Asia the problems of co-ordination a new development co-operation policy?


A thrips tissue culture system was developed from embryonic eggs from Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Cell lines that have been established for other insects offer a wide range of usages for studies of insect physiology, toxicology, and pathology. This study examined the efficiency of different insect cell culture media for suitability in establishing a thrips cell culture system. Final development of a medium for thrips cell culture allowed cells to be cultured up to 7 months. Within 1‐2 days after being explanted, tissue fragments and individual cells attached to the substrate; at this stage, fibroblast-like cells were the dominant cell type. Monolayers of epithelial-like cells were observed at 10‐20 days. This is the first cell culture system established which provides a method for the examination of thrips cell growth and metabolism and which provides a method for the study of virus infection and replication within the thrips vector F. occidentalis. © 1996 Academic Press, Inc.


In Ayurveda all the skin disease considered in Kushta . Which are further categorised in to Maha Kushta and Kshudra Kushta . Kushta is produced invariably by the vitiation of the seven factors i.e. 3 Dosha and 4 Dushya . When the vitiated Dosha provoke the four body elements and if this derangement of seven Dravya is not cared to, a disease is formed inside the body which manifests itself on outermost part of the body. Acarya Caraka has depicted Dadru as a Kshudra Kushta . As per it's definition, the reddish coloured P idika in the form of Mandala with elevated borders and itching is known as Dadru . The object was to assess the Vishaghna, Dadrughna, Kushtaghna effect of ' Cakramarda Bija Curna in the management of Dadru Kushta. Material and methods: For the present study 80 patients of Dadru were registered and randomly divided into following 2 groups. Group A: In this group, Edagajadi Lepa for the local application with Kanji and Cakramarda Bija Curna as an internal use. 40 patients were enrolled in this group out of which 6 patients dropped out and only 34 patients completed the trial. Group B: Edagajadi lepa for the local application with Kanji 40 patients were enrolled in this group out of which 4 patients dropped and only 36 patients completed the trial. Statistical analysis used: Data analysis of non-parametric variables by using Wilcoxon matched paired test. Results: In both group maximum relief observed in symptoms as Kandu, Visarpana on body, Visarpana on lesion and Raga . Conclusion: On conducting the clinical study it was concluded that both trial drugs are effective in the management of Dadru .


Monte Carlo simulation method based on MCNP5 is applied to simulate CZT detector for detecting aerial γ ray. In particular, the low energy 137Cs, 131I, 152Eu will become particularly important when the nuclear accident occurs, so the intrinsic efficiency of the 137Cs, 131I, 152Eu and other nuclide of releasing low-energy γ ray are simulated to obtain the intrinsic efficiency of nuclide characteristic γ ray, then the paper simulates the incident rate of aerial γ ray by using F5 detector of MCNP to obtain the minimum detection activity (MDA) of the CZT detector.


LIMCH1 specifically associates with contractile stress fibers. The N-terminus of LIMCH1 directly interacts with the head of NM-IIA. LIMCH1 depletion modulates the myosin regulatory light chain and FAK phosphorylation. Actin stress fiber and focal adhesion are decreased in LIMCH1-depleted cells, leading to increased cell migration.


Peace is a Keyword and peace under heaven is a basic proposition in the axiology of the Yi.Seldom had the predecessors and contemporary scholars discussed this issue.Here I would like to extend my opinion related to this issue: the original thinking of Yi-ology is based on the contemplation on all beings in the universe including human itself,thus forming a unique ideographic and semantic system including images,diagrams,and hexagram and line statements.Yi sets forth remarks and aims to build civilization through edifying all under heaven.The remarks couldn't be without content,but with the support of morality and great deeds of the earlier wise kings and sages.The creation of civilization is through what called founding morality and conducting meritorious deeds,both of which depend on the remarks to be passed down forever.Reviewing the history,we can find that the regulations in the past are practical and had become normative codes in the later dynasties.Human being's activities developed from wildness to tameness and then become custums.The appearance of unwritten law based on customs opened up the field of civilization.It is from tameness to customs and from customs to moral human relations that human became conscious of morality and value through retrospection.Transmission of civilization completely depends on an environment of peace.Wars in human history broke out frequently and destroyed many civilizations.Being aware of this,sages established the proposition of peace under heaven and had expounded and emphasized it time and again by which the deep meanings with pithy remarks of Yi-ology were revealed.


This paper investigates the relationship between professional— or simply remunerated—athletes and their respective clubs or sports organizations, as well as every aspect of their employment and relevant agreements. Lex Sportiva divides athletes into three categories: amateurs, professionals and remunerated athletes. The legal distinction between amateur and professional athletes, especially as far as it concerns the protection of their rights and personality, is strongly questionable in regard to its constitutional lawfulness. This distinction should mean the differences between professionals and amateurs in the provision of sports services; amateur athletes have to constitute services offered to a club with no remuneration and are excluded from the scope of employment agreements. What's more, there is no any special legal definition for the term "amateur athlete": it simply refers to those athletes who are not remunerated and who also do not play professionally. Financial rewards or other means of support given by sports clubs, associations or federations to amateur athletes, in the context of their sports activity, do not constitute any form of remuneration and therefore, those athletes are not considered to be remunerated or professional ones according to Sports Law.


Statistical tests of significance tend to produce Type I error probabilities far in excess of the reported "alphas"; when more than one significance test is conducted on a data set. Since this condition is almost always the case in communication research, most reported alpha levels are little more than fiction as they relate to the occurrence of the Type I errors they are supposed to index and monitor. The calculation of an alpha percentage (α%) allows an estimation of the number of Type I errors being reported as "significant,"; suggests a rational basis for where to set the nominal alpha level for a given data set in order to obtain any specified ratio of fictional to "real"; results, and provides a general method of controlling Type I error rates since it is applicable across all tests of significance.


Introduction. Biomimetic mineralization is a promising technique for producing mineralized collagen matrix with comparable structural appearance and mineral composition to the natural bone tissue. However, knowledge to the mechanical aspects of such mineralized materials, especially regarding the behaviors of mineral particles, is still lacking. This study utilizes X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique to quantitatively characterize the mineral-to-tissue codeformation in biomimetically remineralized bone samples prepared using the Polymer-Induced Liquid Precursor (PILP) process.


Studies conducted to analyze the water quality of the Hydrographic Basin of Embu-Guacu River, a contributor of the Guarapiranga Reservoir, their geo-environmental attributes, especially land use. According the involved points that Cetesb (Environmental Company of Sao Paulo) monitoring are: EMGU00800 (2000 - 2012), EMGU00700 (2006 - 2008) and CIPO00900 (2009 - 2013). The studies were conducted in relation to the Water Quality Index - WQI and Trophic State Index- TSI, as well as their parameters. Regarding EMGU00800, in accordance with the values obtained between 2000 and 2013 , the WQI ranged on average 57 to 69, which implies a Good rating for the waters of the Embu-Guacu River in this point . The TSI with analysis between 2002 to 2012, showed average annual values of 59 (2002) to 47 (2013), that means mesotrophic to ultraoligotrophic condition. The CIPO00900 on the Cipo river, an affluent of the Embu-Guacu river, due to urban occupation, showed worsening in their indexes. The WQI showed Regular quality presented for the period 2009-2013 in 86% of values, with an average variation between 30 and 52. For WQI parameters, fecal coliforms, dissolved oxygen , BOD and total phosphorus showed mean values out of established by CONAMA 357/05, which confirms the lack of sanitation in the region. The TSI for CIPO00900, also confirms the same problem, with mesotrophic (35 %) and eutrophic (30%) levels prevalent. The dissolved iron, in the waters of the basin showed values above the established in legislation, due to the presence of this element in the rocks (biotite). However, in CIPO00900 due to low dissolved oxygen content, which favors the solubilization of Fe2+ ions, a higher concentration of dissolved iron was observed. It is emphasized that this hydrographic basin the classes of the predominant land use are the forests, fields/barns and reforestation, characterizing the study area as rural. This scenery improves the water quality at the EMGU00800, near the Guarapiranga reservoir.


The effect of a compost based on chicken manure and wood ash on the production and nutritional quality of tomatoes was evaluated. The mixtures of the constituents of each compost were made at variable m/m proportions: 25/75 (C1); 50/50 (C2); 75/25 (C3) and 100/0 (C4). Tomato cultivation in pots was done in completely randomized random blocks with 5 repetitions, and 3 compost/soil m/m proportions (5%, 10% and 15%). The physicochemical and biochemical parameters of the compost and the amended soil, as well as the production and nutritional quality of the fruits, were evaluated. The compost showed higher pH values than the unamended soil. The C3 variant exhibited the highest pH (9.97±0.00). The C/N ratio varied from 14.78±0.67 to 15.30±0.35 values higher than that of the unamended soil (11.86±0.27); exchangeable ion concentrations were higher in the compost. The microbial biomass and the enzyme activities of the compost were significantly higher than those of the unamended soil, the greatest values were obtained with the C3 variant. pH, EC, C/N ratio, and exchangeable ion concentrations were higher in all treated soils than in soils amended with chemical fertilizer. Tomato production was higher with the variant (15% C3) with a value of 156.00 ± 1.00 fruits, the soil amended with chemical fertilizer having given 14.00 ± 1.00 fruits. Biological tomatoes obtained with compost were richer in lycopene, vitamin C, phenolic compounds and minerals than those obtained with chemical inputs (Chemical tomatoes). The compost has improved the production and nutritional quality of the tomato, which is an efficient alternative for sustainable agriculture.


Vaccination against oriental sore by the intracutaneous inoculation of living cultures of Leishmania tropica, advocated by Lawrow and Dubowskoj (1937), 1 by Berberian (1939), 2 by Senekji and Beattie (1941) 3 and by Katzenellenbogen (1942, 4 may now be considered as an accepted procedure. Persons who are vaccinated or wish to be vaccinated often ask the question, "When shall we be sufficiently immune against oriental sore to escape infection by natural routes?" To answer this question correctly, I have carried out a number of reinoculations on volunteer subjects at different stages of development of their experimental sores. EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES N.N.N. slope cultures of L. tropica were used for all inoculations. The site of inoculation was the anterior aspect of the thigh, about 15 cm. above the kneecap. All inoculations were strictly intracutaneous. The volume of the inoculum was always 0.2 cc. and represented approximately 500,000


Objective To study the performance of a new detection system for cerebral hemorrhage based on a new physical model of cerebral hemorrhage.Methods The phase shift spectroscopy of magnetic induction(PSSMI) method was used at three operation frequencies(f1,f2,f3).Different cerebral hemorrhage levels were simulated with saline solution of 0 to 100 mL.Results The phase resolution was up to 0.005°,the gain was in an adjustable range of-10-35 dB in detection system.The results of experimental simulation showed that the phase shift was proportional to the volume,conductivity of solution and the operation frequency.Conclusion It is demonstrated that the developed cerebral hemorrhage detection system is feasible.


The results of the analysis carried out on the platform of the distance modality of the bachelor's degree in marketing of the Universidad Juarez Autonoma de Tabasco are shown, in order to identify the innovation opportunities presented by the platform of the distance education system, for what which was carried out an investigation focused on the students who use this technological tool; Applying surveys to the students of the degree in marketing and analyzing the results obtained, it is concluded that the design of the page can be improved in order to make it more accessible to higher education students.


By increasing the frictional force to widen the pressure area will increase the tension on the perforated and holes within Removable anchor assemblies each support is provided in the wall having a pressure pivoting wing can be prevented so that the pressure is weakened. The anchor assembly is inserted into the perforated hole 310 drilled in the ground 300 is fixed the fixing connection with the anchor body 200 and the anchor main body 200 having a plurality of extension wings (250) and its distal end the tension rod 280 and tension rod 280 are fixed in the tensioned state to the inlet of the hole 310 is provided with a pull block 140 to grip or release the grip. The anchor assembly, such is able to be formed because the ground at regular intervals 300 between the tooth-like protrusions pressure block (252) having a (252a) buried provide improved tensile strength to provide a greater frictional force than in the prior art.


Statins can adjust blood fat and cholesterol, and protect the cardiovascular, especially simvastatin, which is used often in clinic. Several recent studies have found that simvastatin can play a positive role in the treatment of multiple tumors by inhibiting tumor growth, invasion and metastasis, and improving the drug resistance of chemotherapeutic agents. Simvastatin may be a potential drug for cancer treatment. It is expected to be a new direction of tumor therapy and prevention.

Key words:
Neoplasms; Simvastatin; Targeted therapy


Many empirical approaches have been developed to analyze changes in hydraulic conductivity due to concentration and composition of equilibrium solution. However, in swelling soils these approaches fail to perform satisfactorily, mainly due to the complex nature of clay minerals and soil-water interactions. The present study describes the changes in hydraulic conductivity of clay (Typic Haplustert) and clay-loam (Vertic Haplustept) soils with change in electrolyte concentration (TEC) and sodium-adsorption ratio (SAR) of equilibrium solution and assesses the suitability of a model developed by Russo and Bresler (1977) to describe the effects of mixed Na-Ca-Mg solutions on hydraulic conductivity. Four solutions encompassing two TEC levels viz., 5 and 50 mmol c L -1 and two SAR levels viz., 2.5 and 30 mmol 1/2 L -1/2 were synthesized to equilibrate the soil samples using pure chloride salts of Ca, Mg, and Na at Ca: Mg = 2:1. Diluting 50 mmol c L -1 solution to 5 mmol c L -1 reduced saturated hydraulic conductivity of both soils by 66%, and increasing SAR from 2.5 to 30 mmol 1/2 L -1/2 decreased saturated hydraulic conductivity by 82% and 79% in clay and clay-loam soils, respectively. Near saturation, the magnitude of the change in unsaturated hydraulic conductivity due to the change in TEC and SAR was of 10 3 - and 10 2 -fold, and at volumetric water content of 0.20cm3cm-3, it was of 10 14- and 106 - fold in clay and clay-loam soils, respectively. Differences between experimental and predicted values of saturated hydraulic conductivity ranged between 0.6% and 11 % in clay and between 0.06% and 2.1% in clay-loam soils. Difference between experimental and predicted values of unsaturated hydraulic conductivity widened with drying in both soils. Predicted values were in good agreement with the experimental values of hydraulic conductivity in clay and clay-loam soils with R 2 values of 0.98 and 0.94, respectively. The model can be satisfactorily used to describe salt effects on hydraulic conductivity of swelling soils in arid and semiarid areas, where groundwater quality is poor.


It elaborats how to design integrative estate network information system from many aspects such as application mode, integral scheme and overall design in this paper. In addition, system traits are expatiated.


Enemy Character — Of Individuals — National of Co-belligerent — Enemy Agent — Termination of Activity as Enemy Agent — Vesting of Property Thereafter — The Law of the United States of America


The author reviews Prof. Allan C. Hutchinson's "Is Eating People Wrong?: Great Legal Cases and How they Shaped the World" (Cambridge University Press, 2011).


By adopting DCT transform to reduce the whole face image dimension,the effective feature is obtained,which greatly reduces the dimension of the observation value sequence and lowers the complexity of training and recognition.Later,a facial expression analysis algorithm based on Hidden Markov Model is designed.The differences of 2D-DCT coefficients between expressive and neutral face images are selected,which generate observation value sequence by ZIG-ZAG scanning and K-means clustering.Ultimately,the expressions are classified as six kinds: happy,anger,surprise,disgust,fear and sadness.


FIELD: chemistry of polymers. SUBSTANCE: plastisol composition comprises powdery copolymer based on styrene and unsaturated carboxylic acid and prepared by emulsion polymerization, and at least one plasticizer. Powdery copolymer comprises styrene and/or alpha-methyl styrene copolymer and 3-16% by weight of methacrylic acid and/or acrylic acid and/or itaconic copolymer, ratio of compounds being as follows, wt parts: powdery copolymer of said composition prepared by emulsion polymerization, 100 and plasticizer, 30-1000. EFFECT: improved service properties of coatings, sealing and adhesive compounds and molded products prepared from plastisol composition. 13 cl, 34 ex, 3 tbl


This article provides information about the role of entomophages in the fight against Noctuidae and their numbers. As a result of research, calendula officinalis is harmed by Heliothis armigera Hb, Phytometra gamma L, Agrotis segetum Den. et Schiff, Agrotis exclamationis L and Leucania vibellina Hb. Among them, the cotton bollworm is the most common and harmful species. It is known in the pharmaceutical industry as the main raw material used inflorescence of calendula – basket. These pests severely damage not only the roots or stems of plants, but also the most valuable organ – the flower basket. The article discusses the effectiveness of the biological application of the entomophage bracon against the cotton bollworm. When using the entomophage bracon in pest control in the ratio of 1 : 5, the entomophage showed the best efficiency of 78.5-88.2%.


Research on genotypic variation in the response of leaf-area production and expansion to photoperiod in wheat is limited. Growth-cabinet experiments using four spring and four winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars and four photoperiod (8, 12, 16 and 20 h) treatments were thus conducted with the objective of investigating the effect of photoperiod on leaf appearance rate and leaf dimensions. Winter wheats were grown without vernalization. In the spring wheats, flag leaves and spikes were formed under the longer photoperiod (16 and 20 h) treatments, and leaf number increased linearly with time. At the shorter photoperiods, flag leaves and spikes appeared in some cultivars only, and the rate of increase in leaf number decreased in the later stages. Final leaf number was greater at shorter photoperiods. In the winter cultivars, more leaves appeared than in the spring types under the longer photoperiods. For leaves 3–7, leaf number was a linear function of time, with photoperiod and cultivar effects. F...


This paper assesses the manner in which independent grapegrowers and wineries operate in supply chain partnerships within the New Zealand wine industry. Despite the increase in wine production in New Zealand, there is a lack of comprehensive information on the coordination of grape supply between supply chain members. This information is of particular importance as almost 60% of the total annual winegrape crop is sourced from independent growers


Garut regency has two varieties of local glutinous rice from Sukaresmi sub-district, namely Sigadog and Pecut varieties. Both varieties compared to their morphological characteristics. The results of the study showed both varieties have their own advantages. Varieties of Sigadog can be harvested at 140 days after planting, productive tiller average 36 tillers, average plant height 110 cm, average yield potential of 4.9 tons per ha, weight of 100 grains 28.6 g, resistant to lodging, suitable to be planted in the rainy season and dry season. Varieties of Pecut can be harvested at 125 days after planting, productive tiller average 36 tillers, average plant height 110 cm, average yield potential of 5.9 tons per ha, weight of 100 grains 28.5 g, vulnerable to lodging, suitable to be planted in the dry season only.


Trigeminal autonomic cephalgia's (TAC's) are a rare group of headache disorders associated with ipsilateral cranial autonomic dysfunction. Although the majority of cases are believed to occur as a primary disorder, symptomatic cases have been described. We report a case of a patient with multiple sclerosis (MS) and facial pain associated with autonomic dysfunction. The phenomenology and pathophysiology related to this presentation are discussed.


Objective To study the protective and therapeutic effects of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae(RSM),a kind of famous Chinese herb,in treating warm ischemia-reperfusion injury(WI/RI)of the rat liver.Methods An animal model of modified partial hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury was established in the rat by blocking twice the blood inflow of the liver.The male Sprague-Dawley rats(n=70)were then divided into two groups at random,Group 1(Control group n=35)and Group 2(RSM group n =35).The methods of biochemistry analysis and quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction(Q-RT-PCR)were used to determine the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase(ALT)aspartate,aminotransferase(AST)and the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)0,1,3,6,9,12 and 24 hours after the rats were submitted to 100 min of WI/RI.Results The ALT,AST and TNF-α showed significant differences(P0.05 P0.01)between the RSM and control groups in almost all parameters.The intrahepatic TNF-α also showed remarkable difference between the 2 groups at 0,1,3,9 and 12 hours.At the same time,we also found the expression of TNF-α lowered immediately after reperfusion,much faster than the speed of the ALT and AST.Conclusions WI/RI can cause severe hepatocyte damage,and RSM could prevent and treat WI/RI effectively.The mechanisms may lie in the improvement local microcirculation,anti-inflammation,inhibition of TNF-α expression and other cytokines' cascade as well.


The study has been carried out in two villages of Rajasthan—Oriya village in Mount Abu and Laxmon Ki Basti in Jaisalmer subdivision. In spite of being closely located to two tourist spots (Mount Abu and Sam Desert), the livelihood of the two villagers has shown vastly different patterns of development. While the inhabitants of Laxmon ki Basti are vulnerable and exposed to a variety of risks due to the low endowment of physical resources, low level of human capital (education and skills) and lack of proper institutional development, the quality of life is comparatively far superior for the residents of Oriya village. The study attempts to analyse the impact of tourism on livelihood patterns of the working population of these two villages. It is of special significance as an important source of economic activity for a majority of the working population in Laxmon ki Basti, although camel safari is seasonal and depends on the influx of tourists.


Some tables are not in the normal way of being printed in sci_tech periodicals in China at present.In view of these phenomena,the paper proposes that a standard table with three lines should be used in journals.Combined with some examples,the paper sets forth how to design and print scientific and standard tables with three lines. Some focal problems are also solved,such as how to install the line of the title column and the item column,and how to use supplementary line.


The educational target of the vocational colleges differs from that of ordinary colleges in curriculum design,which should follow the principles science、system and synthesis.Meanwhile we should attach great importance to the fostering of students' practical abilities,studentudents' personality and culture.And we should make sure that the students are able to obtain their academic certificates and their professional credentials.


Since 1923 motor fuel taxes have been the principal instrument by which revenues are raised for the construction and maintenance of the California highway system. Fuel takes are distinguished from most other taxes because they have been conceived of as a "user fee" rather than as a general tax. Federal and state motor fuel taxes, largely levied as charges per gallon of fuel purchased, were originally adopted as the functional equivalent of tolls. Drivers who pay a tax per gallon of motor fuel consumed are paying in rough proportion to their use of the system: those who drive more tend to pay more. In keeping with the user fee principle, the funds collected in fuel taxes traditionally have not been mixed with other government revenues in general revenue bands, but have been isolated in transportation "trust funds" to be used only for specifically designated transportation purposes.


Although neurological complications are common in patients undergoing allogeneic bone marrow transplant (alloBMT), cavernous sinus thrombosis (CST) has rarely been described. An allograft recipient is described who presented with diplopia and developed CST in the early post‐transplant period likely caused by a filamentous fungus. Clinical course and serial radiological studies of this patient are described and correlated with autopsy findings. Am. J. Hematol. 77:77–81, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


We present an analysis of the decay D0 → K+π- from FOCUS. From a sample of 234 events we find a branching ratio of under the assumption of no mixing and no CP violation. We also present limits on charm mixing.


In their paper, Muneuchi et al describe their experience with cavernous nerve reconstruction after radical prostatectomy in 22 patients. Fifteen of these patients had more than 1 year of follow-up and were available for functional outcome analysis. Of the 10 patients who had unilateral nerve reconstruction, erectile function was noted in six of them, and potency was recovered in four (40 percent potency rate). In five patients with bilateral cavernous nerve reconstruction, two patients were able to regain erectile function; however, none was able to regain potency. The authors discuss two particular difficulties in performing cavernous nerve reconstruction: 1) harvesting the sural nerve graft with the patient in the supine position; and 2) placing the nerve grafts deep within the pelvis with poor visibility and using inadequate instruments. The authors' mean time for nerve harvesting and reconstruction was 1 hr 50 min for unilateral reconstruction and 2 hr 40 min for bilateral reconstruction. Our initial experience with cavernous nerve reconstruction came in a prospective study of 30 men that was designed to evaluate the efficacy of bilateral cavernous nerve reconstruction. At a mean follow-up of 23 months, 18 patients (60 percent) could attain spontaneous erectile activity, and 13 of them (43 percent) had regained potency. Early on, my colleagues and I experienced the same difficulties as Muneuchi et al.: we also found that harvesting the sural nerve with patients in the supine position while the prostatectomy was being performed was very cumbersome and difficult. In addition, lifting the leg and moving it, as required to harvest the sural nerve graft, interfered with the prostatectomy. My colleagues and I quickly realized that we needed to devise a better method for harvesting the nerve graft, and have since found that the best approach for us is to first harvest the sural nerve graft with the patient in a lateral position. The nerve is harvested by placing a tourniquet on the thigh and making two small incisions at the proximal and midcalf, along the course of the sural nerve; each incision is approximately 3 cm long. Through these incisions, approximately 15 cm of nerve can be harvested for grafting, which is more than adequate, even for bilateral cavernous nerve reconstruction, because each nerve defect is approximately only 5 cm (Fig. 1). The entire procedure takes 10 to 15 min, including dressing the wound and repositioning the patient. Using this technique, we are able to quickly harvest the sural nerve graft, and then allow the urologist to proceed with the radical prostatectomy, without either procedure getting in the way of the other. The second difficulty that the authors mentioned is the technical problem of placing the nerve graft. To improve the visualization, I wear a headlight for better lighting within the deep pelvic area. As the authors pointed out, the instruments available were just inadequate for doing a fine nerve reconstruction in the deep pelvis. Therefore, I designed and developed my own set of instruments with the help of Micrins Surgical (Lake Forest, IL, USA), including a needle holder, forceps, and dissecting scissors, that are specific for this procedure (Fig. 2). They are commercially available. (I do not have any financial interest.) These instruments have made performing the procedure much easier than in the past. I generally place two epineurial sutures for nerve repair and use 7-0 polypropylene sutures. Because the sural nerve graft that I harvest does not have any branches, it does not matter which end is placed proximally or distally. I perform the distal anastomosis first because it is


Cantilever-beam bending and RBS channeling measurements have been used to examine implantation-induced disorder and stress buildup in In/sub 0/ /sub 2/Ga/sub 0/ /sub 8/As/GaAs SLS structures. Implantation fluences from 10/sup 11/ to 10/sup 15//cm/sup 2/ were used for 150-keV Si, 320-keV Kr, and 250-keV Zn in SLS and GaAs bulk materials. The critical fluence for saturation of compressive stress occurs prior to amorphous layer formation and is followed by stress relief. For all the ions the maximum ion-induced stress scales with energy density into atomic processes and stress relief occurs above approx. 1 x 10/sup 20/ keV/cm/sup 3/. Stress relief is more pronounced for the SLSs than for bulk GaAs. We suggest that stress-relief may lead to slip or other forms of inelastic material flow in SLSs, which would be undesirable for active regions in device applications. Such material flow may be avoided by limiting maximum fluences or by multiple step or simultaneous implantation and annealing for high fluences.


"Background: Like any profession, reasons for selecting medical profession can vary and may have an impact on achieving profes-sional goals. The study conducted to analyze reasons for selecting medical profession as perceived by students at the time of joining medical college and trend over a decade.
Methodology: Within 10 days of joining, students' ranked 10 common reasons for selecting Medical profession. Data of three batches (2001, 2006 and 2011) was analyzed for preferences, ranking order and change in pattern, if any.
Results: Total 425 completed records were analyzed and top 3 reasons were analyzed in depth. "Subject of own interest (OI)" was their first choice (8.45 & 8.80) which went down to second choice (7.18) in 2011. "For serving the society (SS)" moved upward in the rank from third to first position (6.43, 6.75, 7.20). "Highly respected profession (RP)" as a reason went down from 2nd, 3rd to 4th place. (6.54, 6.58, 6.22). In 2011, "parents' desire (PD)" was ranked third (7.0), selection being significantly higher by male students (p=0.008). In 2001, NRI group ranked RP significantly higher (p=0.034) and students with doctor parents also ranked it higher (p=0.017).
Conclusions: "Serving the society" as a reason for entering medical profession shifted from 3rd to 1st position over 10 years. "Desire of parents" became more important with time. "Highly respected profession" seems to have lost importance!!"


In order to promote the application of shade-enduring wild flowering-shrubs,the morphological characters and the applied forms in gardens of 7 wild flowering-shrubs were intensively introduced,which were Helwingia japonica(Thunb.)Dietr.,Spiraea blumei G.Don,Viburnum betulifolium Batal.,Lonicera tragophylla Hemsl.,Viburnum farreri Stearn,Lindera.obtusiloba Bl.,Berchemia floribunda.It provide reference for its utilization.


In the article, the author looks at the origin of the principle of the private autonomy from the point of view of the basic normal theory, stating that the basic legal and democratic norms of the country are derived from the rule of law. Moreover, the private autonomy also includes, in principle, the right of a person to exercise the right to carry out material legal claims, even in part, if the person so wishes.


We can really understand moden Marxist philosophy only under the circumstance of modern western philosophy.And modern Marsist philosophy has its own feature in theory. Therefore,we agree to use modern western philosophy to explain it.


Two radiolabelled monoclonal antibodies are approved for the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Yttrium-90-ibritumomab tiuxetan, (Zevalin®) and Iodine-131-tositumomab (Bexxar®). In the current clinical practice, rituximab, a chimeric monoclonal antibody is approved for the treatment of low-grade or follicular, CD-20 positive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, as a single agent or in combination with chemotherapy. The radioisotope Lu-177, has a potential to be used in a radiopharmaceutical preparation as a therapy radioisotope for labelling rituximab, mainly for its advantageous characteristics, t½= 6.71 days and the 'soft' β emmision Eβ of 497, 384 and 172 keV with 78.6, 9.1, and 12.2% abundance, respectively) associated with γ emission with Eγ of 113 and 208 keV and 6.4 and 11% abundance, respectively), thus enabling targeted therapy and visualization studies at the same time. The aim of this work was to present the properties of the developed freeze-dried, ready-to-label kit formulations containing rituximab, conjugated with three different bifunctional chelating agents, p-SCN-Bn-DOTA, p-SCN-Bn-DTPA and 1B4M-DTPA. The radiolabelling was performed by dissolving the freeze-dried preparation with sterile saline, and subsequent labelling with 555GBq of Lutetium-177 in total volume of 1mL at pH 7.0, and incubation for 30 min at room temperature (p-SCN-Bn-DTPA-rituximab and 1B4M-DTPA-rituximab) and 60 min at 40°C (p-SCN-Bn-DOTA-rituximab). The analysis of radiochemical purity (RCP) was performed by SE-HPLC using isocratic method and immunoreactive fraction assay (IRF) using serial dilution of CD20-positive RAJI cells (0.5-8 million/ml). Mean RCP values were >95% for all three conjugates and that the immunoreactivity was 45% for 177Lu-DTPA-rituximab and 67% for 177Lu-DOTA-rituximab. These results form a basis for further evaluation of these preparations in order to select a promising new radiopharmaceutical.


The article reveals how particular mass-mediated journalistic discourses of white middle-class "respectability" are normalized and rendered invisible by dominant media institutions. It explores how Canadian mainstream journalism not only interprets reality in ways that reflect reactionary ideologies and prevailing views of "common sense," but is responsible for constructing that reality. This reality also reflects how Canadian productions of gendered racial citizenship and white supremacy are currently being reconstituted and revivified by the neoliberal "anti-state state," and are fueling the discursive and physical violence that drives "necropolitics." The article engages in a frame analysis of news coverage of two high-profile criminal cases that are cited as the cause célèbre legitimizing the passage of The Citizen's Arrest and Self-defence Act, and engages with the interventions of critical race feminism and postcolonial theory, which are attentive to how gender and race thinking are co-imbricated in necropolitical forms of power within white settler societies. Since the dualist "construct of respectability and degeneracy" determines who possesses the rightful claim to citizenship and who is excluded from belonging to the nation, it remains important in uncovering interlocking structures of domination.


To provide for digital positioning, without iner tia of moving parts, a laser beam is transmitted to a substrate which is to be exposed, etched, or the like, particularly when microcircuits are to be produced, by monitoring the displace ment of the substrate, mechanically, in two mutually perpen dicular directions and positioning the laser beam, as moni stored, in at least one direction by controlling voltages applied to a deflector cell in the path of the laser beam, by digitally, selectively, energizing an electro optical crystal effective to rotate the polarized laser beam through a plane of 90', fol lowed by a doubly refracting crystal which deviates the path of the laser beam, depending on its direction of polarization with respect to the optical axis of the crystal, so that, by successive deflections, the beam, from the laser, can be positioned in predetermined locations on the substrate. The entire arrange ment is preferably computer controlled, so that data inserted into the computer will cause deflection of the laser beam in accordance with a predetermined program.


Jones matrices describe the polarization, or spin angular momentum, of a light beam as it passes through an optical system. We devise an equivalent of the Jones matrix formulation for light possessing orbital angular momentum. The matrices are then developed to account for light that has both spin and orbital angular momentum.


Advances in genetics influence much of clinical medicine today. Such also impinge on society more generally, in fields as diverse as issues relating to genetically-modified foods and those relating to the DNA-identification of disaster victims. Genetics as a discipline dates from the rediscovery (in 1900) of Gregor Mendel's findings that physical characteristics are due to "hereditary particles" - a word renamed "genes" in 1909 by the Danish biologist, Wilhelm Johannsen (1857-1927). This paper is a state-of-the-art update of three themes which are pivotal to modern clinical genetics - DNA diagnosis, cytogenetics and genetic counselling. Australian DNA laboratories collaborate in providing (2005) a diagnostic service for more than 400 monogenetic (single gene) diseases. Cytogenetics is today an elegant and technically beautiful science. Its techniques can identify individual genes and DNA sequences visually on each of the 46 chromosomes. FISH probes, using the technique of Fluorescent Insitu Hybridisation, are used extensively both in pre-natal diagnosis and in the diagnosis of leukaemias and related cancers; and in the monitoring of and management of their clinical progression. Genetic testing, although available in elegant and sophisticated form, is never a trivial matter. Results from these powerful and fundamental diagnostic techniques both influence and modify the lives not only individuals but the extended kindreds of which they are members. Genetic counselling first began in Queensland in 1959; and Genetic Clinics were established by the author at the Royal Women's Hospital and the Royal Children's Hospital in Brisbane in 1974. Genetic counselling empowers individuals at genetic risk to maintain control of their lives. Pre-test counselling is essential before any DNA or cytogenetic tests are conducted.


A stepwise multiple regression was used to evaluate the relative importance of antecedent-, event-, and high-intensity-precipitation amounts; runoff volume; and precipitation nutrient contents and concentrations in determining nutrient losses in runoff. Plots were fertilized at high, medium, and low rates and had cultivation ridges oriented up-and-down slope or on the contour. Runoff volume was the important factor in determining the loss of NO3, soluble PO4, total PO4, and soluble K ions in runoff from fallow, corn, or soybean plots. NH4-N loss was controlled mainly by the precipitation content and antecedet precipitation since fertilizer had been applied. Nutrient losses were greater from plots fertilized at the high rate and from plots with cultivation ridges oriented up-and-down slope rather than on the contour.


The article deals with the problem of using Google services in the process of conducting physical education classes in higher educational institutions. The main Google products are characterized in the article; it is proved that their competent use in the process of physical education allows increasing the level of both cognitive activity and physical readiness of student youth in the process of conducting physical education classes at the university. To obtain the necessary information, general scientific methods of the theoretical level of research were used, namely: analysis of scientific and methodological literature of the Ukrainian and foreign scientists; sociological method of scientific and pedagogical research (questionnaire); pedagogical methods (pedagogical experiment, pedagogical observation); methods of mathematical statistics for the processing of research results. 50 first-year male students were involved in the experiment. The control and experimental groups were made up of 25 students each. At the beginning of October (beginning of the experiment) and at the end of May (end of the experiment) the students of the control and experimental groups took tests to define physical readiness indicators, namely: back strength, strength endurance (push-ups, leg sit on bar), flexibility (seated forward bend). The results of the study showed that conducting physical education classes using Google services positively influenced on the studied indicators: at the end of the experiment the increase in indicators in the experimental group was more than in the control one (back strength – by 5.07%, push-ups – by 14.38%, leg sit on bar – by 1.7%, flexibility – seated forward bend – by 24.6%). The need to form students' sustainable interest in physical self-improvement in order to strengthen their own health, increase the level of physical readiness in the process of conducting physical education classes using Google services has been proved.


The compositions of essential oils isolated from the leaves and fruits of Chamaecyparis obtusa (Sieb. et Zucc). Endl. and Chamaecyparis pisifera (Sieb. et Zucc.) Endl. were analyzed through GC and GC-MS. The oil yields were 0.83% (as fresh weight) and 1.36% in the leaves and the fruits of C. obtusa, and were 0.92% and 1.28% in those of C. pisifera, respectively. More than 90 components were identified, including high contents of monoterpenoids and sesquiterpenoids. Contents of monoterpenoids in the leaf and fruit oils of C. pisifera were higher than in those of C. obtusa. The major constituents in the leaf oil of C. obtusa were sabinene (11.81% as determined through GC peak area), limonene (7.73%), bornyl acetate (6.92%), borneol+α-terpineol (15.67%), and elemol (12.82%), and those in the fruit oil were myrcene (8.12%), γ-terpinene (5.91%), ρ-cymene (7.62%), borneol+α-terpineol (6.53%), and β-caryophyllene (23.74%). The major constituents in the leaf oil of C. pisifera were α-pinene (32.34%), δ-3-carene (25.28%), myrcene (11.72%), and bornyl acetate (8.77%), and those in the fruit oil were α-pinene (29.38%), δ-3-carene (30.27%), myrcene (15.05%), and limonene (8.10%).


This book is the first attempt at a systematic cutltural anthropogical studies of the stonemill tradition. The grinding of the peasant women who singing for ages on their hand mills have articulated tradition in their work songs.


Expressions, based on simple reaction models, for the effects of substituents on the equilibrium constants and rate constants of the reactions mentioned in the title are derived. Conditions under which ρσ relationships should be valid are established. Various theoretical σ and ρ scales are evaluated and are shown to be in good agreement with empirical scales when they ought to be. The calculations of all of the theoretical scales involve only one measured value of a substituent effect on a reaction.


This study investigated the reasons behind the perceived poor motivation of mainland Chinese EFL learners in Singapore, analysing students' International Posture (Yashima, 2002, 2009), and also their attitudes to the local Chinese (L1) community. The study investigated the hypothesis that students who are less successful language learners will have weak International Posture and also a more positive attitude towards the local Chinese community. To test this hypothesis a mixed methods approach was used, with learners completing a questionnaire with both quantitative and qualitative questions. In order to follow up on trends identified through the questionnaire, a semi-structured interview was then carried out with selected participants. Analysis of the results from the questionnaire shows all students displayed strong International Posture, but also that attitudes towards the local Chinese Singaporean community are a factor in determining language learning success. On the basis of these findings, a new draft motivational framework is proposed for EFL language learners studying overseas. This framework utilises the International Posture concept, but also adds attitudes to the L1 community. Through application of this framework, educators will be able to greater understand the motivation of EFL learners in their specific contexts.


Bohai Bay Basin is a hot area for research marine petroleum. Petroleum System is an important method to study petroleum. However, facing on more complicated middle-high graded petroleum exploration area, formerly elements of the Petroleum System are not enough to cover all factors. Hydrocarbon was controlled by main migration path, additionally the complicated mechanism and controlling factors in a formed oil-gas pool are carefully considered. We put "track down (oil-gas reservoir) by following clues (the main migration path of petroleum)" based on the Dongying Depression data, and drill the best of all targets for oil-gas reservoir on the condition of revealing oil resource. The venture of petroleum exploration can be reduced farthest, and the benefit of petroleum exploration can be increased farthest by the method.


One of the most important tasks in the production of carbon fiber products is to ensure the specified accuracy and quality of the drilled holes. A model for predicting the thrust force, taking into account the degree of tool wear, is proposed. First, the geometric characteristics of the wear of the spiral drill tool are analyzed. Further, the contact conditions between the drill and the carbon fiber are determined in accordance with the geometric characteristics of the tool wear. Based on the mechanics of the contact interaction of surfaces, the thrust forces of the main cutting edges and the chisel edge are modeled, taking into account the degree of tool wear. The results obtained are integrated into the thrust force prediction model. An example of an experimental study of the drilling carbon fiber is given. The results obtained show a fairly accurate prediction of the cutting force, taking into account the wear of the cutting tool.


After playing the Chicken game, players report their beliefs about their opponent's strategy in different frames. It is found that the framing of the belief elicitation question influences the degree of positive correlation between a player's reported belief and his action. It is also found that players believe there is positive correlation in the actions of two randomly selected players. The results are consistent with the existence of two forces influencing ex-post belief formation: strategic justification (i.e. a player wishes to rationalize his action in the game) and self-similarity (i.e. a player thinks that his opponent behaves the same way he does). Implications for belief elicitation techniques and equilibrium concepts are discussed. The first author acknowledges financial support from ERC grant 269143. We thank Hadar Binsky for his assistance in analyzing the data, and Eli Zvuluny for constructing and maintaining the web platform on which the research is conducted. We also thank Karl Schlag, Andy Schotter, Jörg Spenkuch, and James Tremewan for their feedback.


The cardiovascular effects of 2hydroxymethyl3,5,6trimethyl pyrazine (1[STBZ〗), one of the major metabolites of tetramethylprazine, were studied. 1 significantly prolonged cardiac potential lasting time and blood coagulating time in mice. It also significantly deduced the arterial blood pressure but had no effect on heart rates in rats. It was demonstrated that 1 improved the anoxemiaresistant ability and had the effects of antihypertention and anticoagulation.


I'd like to thank Claude Rubinson for his thoughtful critique [3] of my remarks in reference [1] on nulls and three-valued logic (3VL). Clearly we're in agreement on the major issues; as Rubinson says, "I agree with Date that three-valued logic is incompatible with database management systems." We also agree that null isn't a value; as Rubinson says, "SQL defines null not as a value but a flag." However, I'd like to comment on three specific issues arising from Rubinson's article. Note: All otherwise unattributed quotes are from that article. Note too that I follow Rubinson (for the most part) in using the SQL terminology of tables, columns, and rows.


The invention discloses a hair growth device. The hair growth device includes a first light irradiator configured to irradiate an invisible light of invisible wavelength range, for hair growth; and a second light irradiator configured to irradiate a visible light of visible wavelength range. The second light irradiator is configured to direct the visible light to either inside of a light irradiation area of the light from the first light irradiator or outer circumference of the light irradiation area.


Social workers must be competence with their helping skills and need to be guided to acquire relevant soft skills. Hence, Social Work students need to have significant role models that they can look up to in order to become professionally and socially competent. Within the formal Social Work Education at the higher institutions, they can actually learn much from their lecturers or educators as their role models. This paper discusses conceptualizations of the soft skills which educators, currently as well as in the years to come, would need in order to sustain their competence as educators. In an exploratory study recently carried out, a Social Work expert was asked to describe the experiences of and viewpoints on, soft skills as part of the professional socialization of Social Work educators to become professionally and socially competent. It is important to raise awareness of soft skills competencies among Malaysian Social Work educators to help them in assessing themselves, and identify where and how they could actively improve themselves as educators within the context of their workplace. Embedding the soft skills competencies into their career as social workers is assumed as one of the effective and efficient method of achieving both professional and social competence. The propose soft skills, perhaps, provide early ideas and initiatives towards the construction of a 'soft skill-framework for Social Work educators', which can serve as guideline when facilitating and guiding future qualified social workers in Malaysia.


The study was carried out in South Western Nigeria to evaluate the perception of scientists at Universities and Research Institutes on the effect of GMO's on health and environment. It is proposed that scientists' perception would influence the on-going debate as preclude to Nigeria being a signatory to the use of GMO's. Using a simple random sampling technique, a total of one hundred and eighty respondents were selected from a population of 760 and then
interviewed. Data were collected through the use of a structured questionnaire with a reliability coefficient of 0.92 and analysis was done using frequency counts, percentages and probit regression model. Scientists were between 31 and 40 years (59.40%), were MSC holders (44.44%), got their information on GMO's from journals (89.60%) and were male (56.70%). Majority of the scientists had low awareness of the GMO's products (52.8%), low perception
(54.5 percent). There is significant relationship between awareness, age, religion, sources of information (radio, newspaper, scientific periodicals) and their perception toward GMOs. There is no significant difference in perception and awareness between scientists at Universities and research institutes.


General fuzzy controller in the control rules to determine the need, after adjustment, time-consuming and laborious; with a correction factor of fuzzy controller to change the correction factor, the entire control of the table almost affected, would make some point to meet the control requirement has led to some point does not meet the requirements. To solve these problems, proposed a new type of fuzzy controller design method to retain the advantages of the fuzzy controller based on effectively overcome the shortcomings and uses neural network technology to enable the new type of fuzzy controller improved accuracy and robustness. Through simulation studies to verify its excellent properties, and has high control precision, jump smaller advantages.


This paper presents a self-adjustment of the length of the channel impulse response using a classical Cholesky Factorization. This is of special importance in the context of algorithms containing a matrix inversion and the rank of this matrix is strongly related to the length of the channel impulse, i.e. interferer cancellation algorithm [1]. When the length of the channel impulse response is overestimated, the matrix inversion is carried out with a singular matrix. A self-adjustment is then required to avoid an increase in the noise level.


Enterococcus sp., что согласуется с данными адгезивной активности исследуемых культур.The work deals with studying the biofilm-forming potential of 93 clinical strains of the bacteria related to six taxa, and there in vitro-obtained associations isolated from the fistulae preoperatively, as well as from the focus of inflammation during surgery in 64 patients with long tubular bone osteomyelitis. The strains of medium and high adhesion are more common among gram-negative microorganisms, while low-adhesive strains are more common in gram-positive microorganism group. P. aeruginosa, Kl. pneumonia, S. marcescens strains form the biofilm on the surface of 96-well plates more actively unlike S. aureus, S. epidermidis, Enterococcus sp. strains which is consistent with adhesive activity data of the studied cultures.


To assess the lipid requirements of O. macrolepis broodstock, five iso-nitrogenous diets (39 g kg−1) with five lipid levels, 50 (5 L), 70 (7 L), 90 (9 L),110 (11 L), and 130 (13 L; g kg−1), were made. A total of 105 three-year-old individuals (50.11 ± 2.86 g per fish) were divided into five groups (triplicate per group) and were fed with the diets, respectively, for eight weeks. Then, the fish were sampled, and items were determined. The results showed that growth rate and feed efficiency ratio were not significantly affected by diets (p > 0.05). A clear dose–response effect of dietary lipid was observed on somatic indexes of gonad indexes of the O. macrolepis brookstock, with the highest values corresponding to fish fed 9 and 11 g kg−1 lipids, in contrast, gonad indexes were reduced as dietary lipid moved away from this level. The other somatic indexes, such as viscerosomatic index, perivisceral fat index, etc., were not significantly affected by diets (p > 0.05). The content of crude lipid and crude protein in carcass, hepatopancreas, and gonad were not significantly affected by dietary lipid levels (p > 0.05). The gonad fatty acids of 16:0 and 22:6n-3 decreased and 18:2n-6 increased with the increasing lipid level, being significantly altered by diets (p < 0.05). The histological features of the gonad showed no significant difference among the five diets (p > 0.05). The relative expression of sex steroid-synthesizing proteins (fshr, 3β-hsd, 17β-hsd, aro., and star.) in the gonad of fish was most significantly highly expressed in the 9 L and 11 L groups (p < 0.05). The results suggested that a proper dietary lipid level of 90–110 g kg−1 could maintain gonad development of O. macrolepis broodstock without affecting growth performance.


This volume contains the proceedings of an ASCE Specialty Conference on Project Controls: Needs and Solutions. The papers presented at this meeting and contained in this publication identify the most pressing problems with the current practice of project control and the systems, whether computerized or manual, that are employed to manage both design and construction efforts. These articles also propose and discuss possible solution strategies to these identified problems. For reasons of expediency, project control in this vein is limited to cost, schedule, and estimating issues. Special areas of emphasis include change management, design-construction system integration, conceptual cost control, performance assessment, extant control techniques, scope definition, and available new technologies. A concluding paper ties all the individual recommendations together, sorts and resolves the conflicts between these suggestions, and offers an implementation strategy and timetable.


[Objective]A method was developed for the identification of the authenticity of mountain wine and grape wine by the total organic acid.[Method]Organic acid in the different varieties of grape wine was separated in Shimpack VP-ODS column using KH2PO4(0.02mol/L,pH 2.9)-methanol(98: 2,V/V) as mobile phase,and determined at 210nm.Type and amount of organic acid in mountain wine and grape wine(the characteristic peaks of organic acid) were confirmed to identify the authenticity and quality evaluation of mountain wine and grape wine.The mean value and standard deviation of the total organic acid,i.e.the total of tartaric acid,malic acid lactic acid and succinic acid,were calculated.According to 3σ principle,the minimum limit of the total organic acid in mountain wine and grape wine was defined by X-3S,respectively.[Result]The minimum limit of the total organic acid in dry red wine was no less than 5.0g / L,and no less than 4.5g / L and 0.75g / L in sweet red wine and grape wine,respectively.[Conclustion]This study provided evidence for the identification of the authenticity and quality of mountain wine and grape wine.


Estimation of common dynamics among several observed signals occurs in signal processing, system theory, and computer algebra problems. In this paper, we propose subspace methods for common linear time-invariant dynamics detection and estimation. First, we consider the deterministic problem of detection of common dynamics when the data is exact (noise free). Then, we consider the stochastic estimation problem when the data is corrupted by white Gaussian noise. The subspace identification methods proposed have a system theoretic interpretation of finding the intersection of autonomous linear time-invariant behaviors. They are computationally fast but statistically less accurate than alternative optimization methods. Development of local optimization-based methods for common dynamics estimation is a topic of future work.


The wing-beat frequency of flying insects has generally been measured by acoustic methods, but even with modern condenser microphones and frequency-selective amplification the signal available from smaller insects may be inadequate. A microphone had to be placed within 1 cm of the midge Smittia atenima (Mg.) to produce a satisfactory signal and no signals could be obtained from Thrips sp. (Thysanoptera). Acoustic recordings of flying insects in the laboratory may also be degraded by the excited resonant frequencies of the cage material. The optical tachometer uses the minute changes in the intensity of ambient light reflected from an insect's beating wings to produce an amplified electrical output at the wing-beat frequency, producing an adequate signal from a very much greater range than would be obtained by acoustic methods. With this device Smittia aterrima could be measured at a distance of 1 m, Drosophila melanogaster Mg, at 1-2 m, and larger insects from a much greater range: Calliphora vicina (R-D.) 7 m, and Bombus sp. 10 m. No difficulty is found when making measurements through the sides of transparent flight cages. The sensitivity of the device seems sufficient for recording Thrips, although this has not yet been tested. The circuit diagram of the tachometer is shown in Fig. 1. The signal from a silicon photo-diode passes through a two-stage selective amplifier with a maximum gain of 10000. The low-frequency gain is deliberately limited by the inter-stage coupling


Best known for her Southern fiction, Eudora Welty began her career with the Works Progress Administration in the 1930s. Her photographic "snapshots," as she called them, served as a window into the Jim Crow South, focusing on the poor, Black, female experience and providing an image of the South that runs counter to public memory. Welty's photographs alter memories of the segregated South by allowing contemporary audiences to gaze upon the Black experience, highlighting positive experiences and emphasizing a shared history. This altered public memory allows for more possibilities of a shared past and the potential for healing. At the same time, this alteration is problematic because it undermines the reality of the suffering experienced by African Americans.


Diversity is the reality of Indonesian life, whether ethnically, linguistically, culturally, or religiously. In that context, examining the diversity of Balinese society is certainly very interesting considering it is not just a "reality", but also a necessity and a need. Thus, the pockets of community diversity become an important benchmark because it is like a seeding ground for pluralism and the articulative medium of community experimentation in addressing differences. This is where the attractive village of Loloan Jembrana as a village that is predominantly Muslim in the midst of strong Hindu influence. This village can be a picture of a plural-culturally religious community life. The village has a historical uniqueness and local wisdom that has managed to glue the knot of interfaith togetherness. Key words: Local wisdom, Balinese exoticism, Loloan village, the knot of togetherness


The purpose of this study is to explore and describe local wisdom in the Hikayat Komering Pitu Phuyang. The study used a qualitative descriptive method with a sociological literature approach. Source of research data is Hikayat Komering Pitu Phuyang by Himawan Bastari. The data were collected using the reading-note technique, while the content analysis technique carried out the data analysis. The results showed that the Hikayat Komering Pitu Phuyang contains very diverse local wisdom. Local wisdom includes (1) Wangsa Buay Tumi's belief in tambo as a means of information that is believed to be true, (2) the belief system in Belaksa Kepampang and Ikahua as the embodiment of gods, (3) the tradition of giving adok as a form of appreciation, (4) ) the government system in the form of a kingdom, (5) the tradition of slaughtering virgins and virgins as evidence of worship of gods, (6) the caste tradition in royal family marriages as a symbol of honour, (7) the tradition of asceticism at the top of a mountain as a means of approaching oneself to the God, (8) society that has the principles of religious life, full responsibility, and hard work, (9) a residential system that reflects the breadth of the way the people think.


The problem of finding the shape or gravity flow discharge chutes required to achieve maximum exit velocity under Coulomb friction is discussed. The necessary optimally conditions are formulated by use of the calculus of variations. Numerical solutions are given for a range of values of design parameters; both for free inlet angle and horizontal inlet. Information gained from the numerical results is used to obtain closed form solutions for the problem with free inlet angle.


In Contemporary Portuguese, verbs such as considerar 'consider' and entender 'understand' contrast in their more 'lexical' uses, as opposed to uses where epistemic values emerge, in the sense that there is a linguistic expression of subjective assessment of what is expressed. This paper aims to examine the factors which diachronically determined the emergence of such values and thus the (non-overlapping) convergence of considerar and entender in (more) 'grammatical' uses, bearing in mind that the opposition 'lexical' / 'grammatical' should be understood as non-discrete. The data of Old and Middle Portuguese (13th to 15th centuries) consirar and entender which are presented and discussed were collected according to evidence dating criteria, text genre diversity and the reliability of the editions. The various constructions using consirar and entender are described and the distinct factors enabling epistemic readings are identified. The data shows that the processes of emergence of epistemic values of the two verbs are at different stages, but also appears to evidence the interference of similar contextual factors for the possibility of epistemic interpretations, thus leading to their convergence in epistemic uses. The paper concludes by pointing out some issues for future research, in particular the need to include other competing forms/constructions, not only with verbs such as achar 'find' and julgar 'judge', which synchronically show different usage restrictions, but also haver and ter 'have', since the latter could also occur with epistemic meanings in past stages of Portuguese.