coverage of the screening program. One explanation is the ever increasing use of imaging techniques as "opportunistic" clinical tools. 7 The present data show the large increase in the incidence of breast cancer in the screened population of women.Aproportionoftheincreaseisundoubtedlydueto changing risk factors related to fertility and child bearing (early menarche, late first pregnancy, low parity), but the main part is likely to be due to mammographic screening, used by a majority of the target population of women. Even though there is no noticeable decrease in incidence at older age, which would be predicted by an effective screening, there is no increase either. As such, these types of ecological data do not allow conclusions about the benefits of screening,particularly,becausewedonotknowhowtheincidence would have changed without screening. However, a drastic remodeling of the age-incidence relationship in breast cancer has taken place, and the change is likely to continue. Undoubtedly, opportunistic screening will have similar effects, which will be noted in all developed countries when the proportion of screened women will increase. Breast cancer will definitely become a disease of middleaged women.


FIELD: physics. SUBSTANCE: device for selecting one of the first coding algorithm and the second coding algorithm to encode a portion of the audio signal to obtain an encoded version of a portion of the audio signal comprises a filter configured to receive an audio signal, reduce the amplitude of harmonics in the audio signal, and output a filtered version of the audio signal. The first evaluation module is provided to use the filtered version of the audio signal when estimating an SNR or segmental SNR portion of an audio signal as a first quality score for a portion of an audio signal that is associated with the first coding algorithm without actually encoding and decoding a portion of the audio signal using the first coding algorithm. The second evaluation module is provided for estimating the SNR or segment SNR as the second quality score for the portion of the audio signal that is associated with the second encoding algorithm. EFFECT: reducing the complexity of the choice between the first coding algorithm and the second coding algorithm. 15 cl, 5 dwg


Introduction Lessons from German and Yemeni unification Inter-Korean relations Inter-Korean socio-cultural exchanges and cooperation Case studies of inter-Korean socio-cultural exchanges and cooperation Views of North Korea, unification and the Great Powers General conclusions Appendix Chronology Bibliography Index.


. We consider a variant of Fermat's well-known equation x n + y n = z n . This variant replaces the usual powers with the factorial powers defined by x n = x ( x − 1) · · · ( x − ( n − 1)). For n = 2 we characterize all possible integer solutions of the equation. For n = 3 we show that there exist infinitely many non-trivial solutions to the equation. Finally we show there exists no maximum n for which x n + y n = z n has a non-trivial solution.


At the Galvanizing Family Therapy event held in Galveston, Texas, in May 2016, a group of educators, academics, and practitioners reflected upon the social and institutional organization of current work in the field of family therapy and explored dialogical ways of moving forward. We opened conversations about the notions of responsiveness and congruence, encouraging each other to consider the ethical positions we take within our relationships. In this article, I present questions arising from our participation in these discussions as an invitation into broader, ongoing co-constructions of possible responses within our field.


The invention discloses a magnetic hydrocyclone separation method and a magnetic hydrocyclone separation device. The magnetic hydrocyclone separation device comprises an inverted-cone boss cylindrical shell (1), centers of upper and lower ends of the inverted-cone boss cylindrical shell (1) are provided respectively with outlets (2,3), the side of the upper part is provided with a tangential inlet (4), an electrode bar (5) is arranged in the center of the inner cavity of the inverted-cone boss cylindrical shell (1), the electrode bar (5) is used as one electrode, the inverted-cone boss cylindrical shell (1) is used as the other corresponding electrode, an insulated wire (6) is wound on the inverted-cone boss cylindrical shell (1), and two ends of the insulated wire (6) are connected respectively to direct-current positive and negative electrodes so that a vertical magnetic field is formed. Water, waste water or sewage to be treated is input from the tangential inlet (4), flow and pressure are adjusted, and two separated materials are discharged from the outlets (2,3) in the centers of the upper and lower ends of the inverted-cone boss cylindrical shell (1). The magnetic hydrocyclone separation device has functions of flow rotation and magnetization, has good water treatment effects and a simple structure, is convenient for installation and use and widens an application range and efficacy of a hydrocyclone separation technology.


Gothic church architecture powerfully conveys impressions of movement and restless growth. In many Gothic interiors, slender columns seem to soar heavenward, as if unconstrained by gravity, before sprouting ribs that knit together into complex vaults. Exterior elements such as spires and pinnacles further emphasize the sense of upward thrust, while leafy crockets and other foliate carvings literalize the organic growth metaphor. Gothic churches also have a crystalline quality that adds a dynamism of its own to the architecture. Both the buildings themselves and their small components generally have polygonal plans, with faceted surfaces meeting at sharp edges. The alignments between these surfaces define planes of reflection and axes of rotation about which the architecture seems to organize itself. The formal kinship between large and small-scale elements, meanwhile, recalls that seen in mineral crystals.1 These features of Gothic architecture together suggest that the church building is a living microcosm of a divinely created cosmos. The organicity and complexity of Gothic churches, which contribute so strongly to their aesthetic effect, have, ironically, obscured the working methods of the designers who conceived them. Because Gothic buildings tend to dazzle their beholders, their visual pyrotechnics can appear to defy rational analysis. The striking fact remains, however, that Gothic churches were created not by miraculous cosmic forces, but by preindustrial workers armed only with simple tools. The church designers, in particular, developed their plans using mainly the compass and the straightedge rule. These men would have received their early training in the stoneyard, but by 1200 or so, the greatest masters had begun to function principally as draftsmen, working out their designs in elaborate drawings before the start of each building campaign.2 Fortunately, several hundred of these drawings survive to document the designers' creative practice in remarkably intimate detail. These drawings include compass prick holes, uninked construction lines, and other telltale traces of the draftsman's labor. Their proportions, moreover, directly reflect the designer's original vision, uncorrupted by the small errors and misalignments that can creep into full-scale buildings during construction. Careful analysis of these drawings, therefore, can reveal a great deal about the logic of the Gothic design process.


"Structured programming" has become the name of a popular movement toward better programming in the past two years. Among the popular interpretations of the advice advanced by the masters, are many strong proclamations that anyone, by following a few simple prescribed rules, can be transformed into a programmer of top grade, and the productivity of programming shops everywhere can be multiplied. Experience, particularly with students in programming courses, leads to the tentative conclusion that some (but not all) will be helped by the "rules of structured programming;" and that the quality of their products will rise, though not to the extent one might expect from the inflated claims of some structuralists.


Based on the comparative analysis on the connecting methods of the common databases, this paper introduces two methods that Delphi connects the databases by using the BDE and ADO modes, and introduces briefly the Form Wizard.


Full title: Who's holding el marcador? Peer linguistic mediation gone awry in a dual language classroom
Abstract:
Within dual language education programs, well-structured peer interactions can facilitate the learning of language and curricular content simultaneously. Research has found that even very young bilingual students can engage in peer linguistic mediation to help their less proficient classmates participate in small group work. In this study, I analyze an academic discussion among emergent bilingual first graders in a Spanish-medium dual language classroom. My analysis demonstrates that, contrary to previous research, the language used by students did not facilitate learning. Rather, it foreclosed the possibility of effective communication across languages. These findings suggest that peer linguistic mediation is influenced by multiple factors and cannot be taken for granted. Questions are raised about the ways in which students are grouped and the skills they need to successfully mediate their peers' learning. Implications from these findings go beyond dual language education to apply to mainstream classrooms with minority language speakers in them.
Key words
Bilingual education, dual language education, peer interaction, linguistic mediation, Spanish speakers

words 8325


Abstract Controlled two step grafting of MMA on to PVC under UV irradiation took place in THF solution in approximate ratio between grafted copolymer : homopolymer 1:1. In the first step the macroinitiators were formed and in the second step the grafting took place. The degree of grafting increased with reaction time. The number of substituted chlorine atoms by xanthate groups was between 3 and 14 per macromolecule. The most reactive are the isotactic triades, the less the sindiotactic. After grafting the configuration did not change. The length of branches was calculated from the ratio of the -CH3 signals of the end groups and of the -CH3 signals of the PMMA branches. The length is between 10 and 20 monomer segments. The overall reaction is an insertion of MMA segments between chain and xanthate end groups


As IT systems become more and more complex and as business operations become increasingly automated, there is a growing need from business managers to have better control on business operations and on how these are aligned with business goals. This paper describes iBOM, a platform for business operation management developed by HP that allows users to i) analyze operations from a business perspective and manage them based on business goals; ii) define business metrics, perform intelligent analysis on them to understand causes of undesired metric values, and predict future values; iii) optimize operations to improve business metrics. A key aspect is that all this functionality is readily available almost at the click of the mouse. The description of the work proceeds from some specific requirements to the solution developed to address them. We also show that the platform is indeed general, as demonstrated by subsequent deployment domains other than finance.


1.Management Development: Is the Western Model Inevitable? Morgan Tanton & Mark Easterby-Smith 2. Strategic Choices in Management Education: The Bahrain Experience Ibrahim S. J. Al-Hashemi & George K. Najjar 3. Grounding Management Education in Local Research: A Latin American Experience Carlos Davila 4. Cultural Dynamics and Management Development N.S Gupta 5. The Impact of Local Culture and Attitude on Organisational Effectiveness in Algeria Boufeldja Ghia and Phillip C.T. Willey 6. Lessons from Evaluation in Africa for External Funding Bodies Robert Youker 7. The Cultural Context of Leadership Actions: A Cross-Cultural Analysis Peter B. Smith, Tayeb Monir, & Mark F. Peterson 8. Incentives for Management In China: The Economic Responsibility System Chen Wen Ya 9. An Evolutionary Account of Management and the Role of Management Development in China Qui Xu-yao, Yu Ke-Chun and Xu Chan-Min 10. Reconciling the East and the West: Management and Management Education in Turkey Esin Ergin (nee Ahmet) 11. Management Education for Developing Entrepreneurship in Hungary Magdolna Csath 12. Business Ethics and Management Education in Hong Kong Joseph N. K. Tam 13. The Promotion of Effective Management Development John Wallace 14. Some Limitations in the Western Model of Executive Training: A Case Study Dag Bjorkegren 15. Management Development in a British Multi-National David Ashton 16. Mixed National Training Programmes: Some Unintended Consequences Rae Andre 17. Redesigning Resources: Turning the Minimum into the Optimum Ronald F. Clarke 18. Management and Organisational Development In Bulgaria John Wallace, Evka Razvigorova, Jack Kalev and George Boulden.


The statistic analysis shows that the crime of robbery,snatching and burglary has the features of distributing by time and space,and then forms the hotspots.The traditional spatial-temporal forecasting of crime is a description predicting method based on the theory of statistic,so it is not possible to reflect the mechanism of hotspots' formation,and could not make forecasting well.The Routine Activity Theory points out that crime happens when three agents who are offenders,victims and police make convergence on space and time.Therefore,under some certain circumstance,the hotspots of crime could be modeled with the agents.A spatial and temporal forecasting model which has the mechanism of feedback was given out.This model can reflect the characters of crime variation by space and time in nature,and then it could make prediction of hotspots of crime.


Objective: To draw up the clinical diagnosis thinking of patients with liver dysfunction of unknown etiology and to improve the level of diagnosis and therapy.Methods: Clinical data of 4 patients with liver dysfunction of unknown etiology were retrospectively analyzed and related literatures were reviewed.Results: The cause of abnormal liver function is very complex but the vast majority of etiology can find out with detailed medical history enquiry,meticulous and overall physical examination as well as the necessary laboratory and auxiliary examinations,careful takeing diagnostic treatment measures,improving the rare cases in the understanding of the diagnosis.Conclusions: Due to the various clinical manifestations and complex causes of the patients with liver dysfunction of unknown etiology,we should establish corresponding clinical diagnosis thinking to reduce the misdiagnoses and missed diagnoses.


We investigate the packet loss behavior in the IEEE 802.11e wireless local area networks (WLANs) under various retry limit settings. Considering scalable video traffic delivery over the IEEE 802.11e WLANs, our study shows the importance of adaptiveness in retry limit settings for the unequal loss protection (ULP) design. Based on the study, we present a simple yet effective retry limit based ULP which adaptively adjusts the retry limit setting of the IEEE 802.11e medium access control protocol to maintain a strong loss protection for critical video traffic transmission. The simulation results illustrate significant advantages in the delivered video quality for our proposed design.


Background of the Lawsuits The Names Plaintiffs Genes, Socioeconomic Status, Family Background, and Culture The Nature of Intelligence Mild and Educable Mental Retardation Are the IQ Tests Racially and Culturally Biased? The Role of the Government Effects of These Cases Policy Implications of These Cases The Adversary System as a Way of Finding Facts Summing Up


Background: The occurrence of trans-placental transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection remains highly debated. Placental positivity for SARS-CoV-2 has been reported in selected cases, but infection or virus-associated disease of fetal tissues or newborns remains to be demonstrated.

Methods: We screened for SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein expression placentas from 101 women who delivered between February 7 and May 15 2020, including 15 tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA, 34 tested negative, and 52 not evaluated as they did not meet testing criteria (32), or delivered before COVID-19 pandemic declaration (20). Immunostain for SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapside (N) was performed in the placentas of all COVID-19 positive women. The single placenta resulted positive for the SARS-Cov2 S and N proteins was further studied by RNA-in situ hybridization for S transcripts, RT-PCR RNA, and by electron microscopy. A detailed immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence analysis of the placental inflammatory infiltrate completed the investigations.

Findings: SARS-CoV2 S and N proteins were strongly expressed in the placenta of a COVID-19 pregnant woman whose newborn tested positive for viral RNA and developed COVID-19 pneumonia soon after birth. SARS-CoV-2 antigens, RNA and/or viral particles were identified in villous syncytiotrophoblast, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, in maternal macrophages, and in Hofbauer cells and fetal intravascular mononuclear cells. The placenta intervillous inflammatory infiltrate was composed of neutrophils and monocyte-macrophages displaying activation markers. Absence of villitis was associated with an increase in the number of Hofbauer cells, which expressed PD-L1. Scattered neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) were identified by immunofluorescence.

Interpretation: We provide first-time evidence for maternal-fetal transmission of SARS-CoV-2, likely mediated by circulating virus-infected fetal mononuclear cells. Placenta infection was associated with recruitment of maternal inflammatory cells in the intervillous space, without villitis. PD-L1 expression in syncytiotrophoblast and Hofbaeur cells, together with limited production of NETs, may have prevented immune cell-driven placental damage, ensuring sufficient maternal-fetus exchanges.

Funding Statement: None.

Declaration of Interests: All authors declare no competing interests.

Ethics Approval Statement: The study was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Ethical Board of Brescia Hospital (ASST Spedali Civili Brescia), protocol numbers: NP 4151- Study COVID-BIO (Multicentric observational prospective study on SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy) and NP 4133- Study INTERCOVID (A prospective cohort study of the effects of COVID-19 in pregnancy and the neonatal period).


Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.uconn.edu/srhonors_theses Part of the Biological Engineering Commons, Biomaterials Commons, Biomedical Commons, Biomedical devices and instrumentation Commons, Electrical and Electronics Commons, Equipment and Supplies Commons, Hardware Systems Commons, Medical Biotechnology Commons, Molecular, cellular, and tissue engineering Commons, Systems and integrative engineering Commons, and the Therapeutics Commons


For quality control purposes as well as for brake friction and noise modeling purposes, there is urgent need to establish good database if one is to establish correlations or trends between material properties and brake friction/noise. This investigation was undertaken to find out how pad properties change when the pads are subjected to repeated SAE J2707B wear cycles, wearing out roughly 40% of the available pad thickness. Pad natural frequencies continued to decrease while disc natural frequencies decreased initially and then slowly increased. The pad dynamic modulus continued to decrease from Wear Cycle #1 to Wear Cycle #5. Within a Wear Cycle, the pad dynamic modulus changed from one Wear Block to another Wear Block. A good relation was found between the friction coefficient and dynamic modulus, which was adjusted for pressure dependence and temperature dependence. Pad thickness loss measurement was always smaller than the thickness loss calculated from the pad weight loss due to expansion of the pad contact surface region (heat-affected layer) caused by exposure to high braking temperatures. The pad dynamic modulus increased with time while waiting for the next test and the increase was linear with waiting time.


General Introduction.- On Naming Things.- Observations on Systematics in Paleolithic Archaeology.- Testing Retouched Flake Tool Standardization During the Middle Paleolithic.- Diversity of Lithic Production Systems During the Middle Paleolithic in France.- Trajectories of Change in the Middle Paleolithic of Italy.- Stasis and Change During the Crimean Middle Paleolithic.- Monospecific or Species-Dominated Faunal Assemblages During the Middle Paleolithic in Europe.- Middle Paleolithic Settlement Patterns in the Levant.- Housekeeping, Neandertal-Style.- The Middle Paleolithic of the Levant.- Middle Paleolithic Subsistence Ecology in the Mediterranean Region.- Projectile Technologies of the African MSA.- From Acheulean to Middle Stone Age in the Kapthurin Formation, Kenya.- The Use of Space in the Late Middle Stone Age of Rose Cottage Cave, South Africa.- "Now You See it, Now You Don't"-Modern Human Behavior in the Middle Paleolithic.- Between Observations and Models.


Shares in the Chinese lithium-ion battery maker Contemporary Amperex Technology (CATL) surged 44% on their first day of trading on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange last week. The company's performance mirrors that of other cleantech and biotechnology firms that listed in China and Hong Kong over the past year. CATL, already one of the world's largest producers of lithium-ion batteries, raised the funds to finance its expansion as demand for electric vehicles grows in China, it said in a filing to the Shenzhen exchange. The company picked a good time for its initial public offering (IPO), as the stock issue was priced at a healthy 23 times its annual earnings per share. Other Chinese technology firms have listed in China and Hong Kong in recent months with comparable success. PharmaBlock, a custom maker of chemicals used in pharmaceutical research and production, saw its shares hit their maximum allowed price increase for


Sokol is right to be concerned about confidentiality.1 The situation is even more complex than he suggests.

Regarding domestic violence, I regularly receive multi-agency risk assessment conference reports with instructions to put extracts in the notes of the victim and children. Health visitors and others do likewise. Multiple references to the same incident containing third …


understood only formal changes in the instrument itself; not changes in existing constitutional law. The latter kind of change may, it is to be presumed, be made by a simple law without any reference to the restrictive provision of this section. He also declares that the ceding to Prussia of administrative powers by the other States, is not to be considered a change in the constitution. Nor, is an agreement on the part of the Emperor, by which he binds himself toward individual States, to use his constitutional powers only in certain ways, to be considered a change in the constitution. Professor Arndt implies that it is the business of the Emperor to decide whether a law changing the constitution, has been passed in the Federal Council by the requisite majority. If this is true, it practically gives to the Emperor a veto upon all legislation which he regards as in conflict with the constitution, and for which, in his opinion, the number of votes requisite for a constitutional change has not been cast, which seems to stand in conflict with the view


. Thi s work presents the mathematical model, which defines the interaction of the complex heat and mass transfer processes in the cycle of consistently changing condensation, transit and equilibrium evaporation regimes of water droplets in the high-temperature humid gas flow, as well as the methodology of its numerical iterative solution. The provided numerical iterative scheme defines the average instantaneous temperature of the droplet's surface and works ac cording to the method of steepest descent, which is based on the balance of heat fluxes. Phase change regimes were modelled for cold and warm water droplets at different temperatures for convective and complex convective-radiative heating cases. The role of thermal radiation is defined by graphical analysis results when using a comparative method.


The forms taken by political competition in Africa are not linear, but African countries are experimenting with difficulty to the practice of electoral litigation. The importance of litigation varies according to different countries for a number of reasons, notably the differences in the mobilization of political actors and public opinion in support of electoral litigation as well as the development of litigation according to the different types of election. The problem of irregularities and frauds remains recurrent. Electoral litigation requires the existence of multiplicity of national actors and can follow either the legal or the political channel.


In January, during the Learning and Technology Worl d Forum in London (2010), Prime Minister Gordon Brown said that the UK could become a "globa l education superpower", with e-learning as one of its fastest-growing exports. Although it is apparent that the Government is fostering this mode of education the evidence of e-learning development at a local level is not always immediately visible and is would seem as if there is a long way to go y et before Brown's vision is realized (Tabata and Jonsrud, 2008). Although Universities encourage the growth of distance learning courses the development of staff skills, knowledge and IT devel opment is slow and can leave staff floundering and, potentially, place online courses at risk of f ailure (AACSB International, 2007). According to Bielefeidt (2002) university faculties do not alway s recognise the need for the staff developing these courses to have access to good and continual techni cal support. Additionally, if the lecturing staff w ho work with such programmes are not competent in the complexities of the programming, or the tools that the institution requires them to work with it, it will delay the growth of such courses and compromise recruitment and retention. It is only wh ile working with the students undertaking these courses can teaching staff truly understand how to develop and improve their course. This paper investigates our experiences of a variet y of commercial tools with the aim of enabling us t o identify those that will allow us to produce excell ent teaching and learning material for our students . Whilst preparing our distance learning programme th e University had already introduced an authoring tool. They assured the teaching team that they woul d be able to use this effectively to produce qualit y learning material and, hence, enhance the distance learning programme. Unfortunately this was not the case. Even after training and basic skills had been learnt the tool proved to be more complicated than we had been lead to believe. Perhaps more impo rtantly, student evaluation of the online material identified that the majority found the format and s tyling 'boring'. So, eventually, it was considered E-Leader Budapest 2010 necessary to locate an alternative tool that was mo re 'user friendly' and that would meet the need of our student population (Maclean, McShane, and Etcha son, 2001). The search was very difficult as there are many tools out there and we had to ensure the one selected was 'fit for purpose' and manageable within the University IT system. We now believe we have found an appropriate authoring tool. Savenye, Olina, and Niemczyk (2001) argue tha t e-learning tools need to be versatile and the package we have chosen seems meet this requirement. Although it is technically much more user friendly for preparing online teaching material we now have the additional task of identifying whether it enhances the experience of our distance learning students. Although it is early days yet the indication is that the students are more engaged wi th the online material and find the material more interesting and stimulating. The capabilities of t his tool are to be further explored to ensure we continue to develop stimulating and easily accessib le teaching and learning material.


Data mining is the analysis step of the "Knowledge Discovery in Databases" process, or KDD. It is the process that results in the discovery of new patterns in large data sets. It utilizes methods at the intersection of artificial intelligence, machine learning, statistics, and database systems. The overall goal of the data mining process is to extract knowledge from an existing data set and transform it into a human-understandable structure.In data mining, association rule learning is a popular and well researched method for discovering interesting relations between variables in large databases. Association rules are usually required to satisfy a user-specified minimum support and a user-specified minimum confidence at the same time. A fuzzy association rule mining (firstly expressed as quantitative association rule mining) has been proposed using fuzzy sets such that quantitative and categorical attributes can be handled. A fuzzy rule represents each item as pair. Fuzzy logic softens the effect of sharp boundary intervals and solves the problem of uncertainty present in data relationships.In this paper we represent a survey of Association Rule Mining Using Fuzzy Algorithm. The techniques are categorized based upon different approaches. This paper provides the major advancement in the approaches for association rule mining using fuzzy algorithms.


1. An apparatus, comprising: a module (44), ray tracing, which includes a digital processor adapted to perform the projection operation of the detector (14) having a varying offset blur, by (i) calculating the increment between rays planes (P0, P1, P2, ...), parallel to the face side (42) of the detector, (ii) calculating blur grains fixed increments corresponding to increments rays, (iii) summing step increments beams subjected convolved with respective stationary increments grains blur for projection, and (iv) adjusting projections on varying offset blur; iiterativny module (30) image reconstruction, which includes a digital processor adapted to generate a reconstructed image from projection data using an iterative reconstruction which includes a projection operations performed luchey.2 trace module. The apparatus according to claim 1, in which projection operation is executed by the module (44), ray tracing involves performing corrections (iv) by convolution with nonstationary grain blur in the plane closest to the front side (42) of the detector for receiving the projections with the changing offset razmytiya.3. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the transient blurring grain includes changing the bias in one direction parallel to the front side detektora.4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the transient blurring grain simulates luchey.5 fan-beam collimator. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the transient blurring grain includes changing


Homelessness and mobility in the context of poverty and economic crisis is an issue of rising local, national, and global concern for many stakeholders, including educators and education leaders. The articles featured in this special issue offer important data and commentary on the significance of homelessness and mobility for school success. This introduction provides a brief overview of the special section, which includes four empirical articles and an integrative commentary. These articles underscore the importance of mobility as well as poverty for achievement disparities and the practical value of integrated data and collaborative research for informing educational practice and policy.


The article substantiates the relevance and considered methodological approaches to the architectural and landscape organization of road space as a set of measures aimed at improving its visual and aesthetic characteristics


It is characteristic of modern science to ask how things originated. Understanding the origin of the Moon has proven to be challenging for planetary scientists, however. Part of the difficulty is simply that we know so much about the Moon (quite the opposite of our usual problem in astronomy). As we will see, one key problem is that the Moon is both tantalizingly similar to Earth and frustratingly different.


Thermally evaporated aluminium thin layers have been deposited on two different industrial Polyester (PET) films. The Peel test shows that adhesion between Al films and PET depends on the heat setting conditions of the PET foils.

In order to explain the observed differences in adhesion, ISS analyses were performed on the two surfaces obtained after peeling aluminium from the PET substrates. The Al/PET laminates were also studies by SIMS, RBS and TEM.

ISS results show that the failure mechanisms differ for the two samples investigated. From the SIMS depth profiles, a lower sputtering rate is found for the sample presenting a lower adhesion, and RBS spectra show that the Al/PET interface is steeper for this sample. Also, marked differences in the Al grain sizes are observed by TEM: larger grains without preferred orientation are found on Al layers of poor adhesion.

These results are discussed in view of elucidating the influence of the substrate properties on the metal/polymer adhesion.


The standard narrative on immigration and offshoring is that these practices uniformly harm American workers by providing cheap, alternative sources of labor. Using data taken from U.S. manufacturing industries between 2000 and 2007, Gianmarco Ottaviano, Giovanni Peri, and Greg Wright examine the impact of offshoring and immigration on native manufacturing workers. They find that, while offshoring production or hiring immigrants may directly displace American workers, the overall increase in production from this restructuring indirectly increases the demand for native workers, often in more complex roles.


Although the tragedies of Daniel Casper von Lohenstein (1635–83) are nowadays known mainly to specialists in the Baroque, they amply repay attention. Set in the ancient world or the modern Ottoman Empire, they explore politics in the coolly realistic light of 'reason of state', a doctrine prominent in early modern absolutism. They are indebted also to neo-Stoicism. These features are illustrated by a close study of the tense intrigues and double-dealing that dominate the drama Cleopatra (the revised edition of 1680).


and Sargent (1) raise important questions about the disagreement between model predictions of alkali balance during hemodialysis and experimental measurements. Regarding these differences, it is worth reiterating several points made in our report that support the veracity of our fi ndings (2):


Excess dietary protein intake in early lactation dairy cows resulting in blood urea nitrogen of greater than 19 to 20mg/dL is associated with decreased fertility. Little is known about the local interference of urea in the normal immunological environment of the oviduct that provides optimal conditions for early reproductive events. A bovine oviduct epithelial cell (BOEC) culture was used to determine how urea influences immune environment. The BOEC monolayer was supplemented with low (20mg/dL) and high (40mg/dL) concentrations of urea together with ovarian steroids, estradiol (1ng/mL) and progesterone (1ng/mL), and LH (10ng/mL) at concentrations observed during the preovulatory period. The urea values used in this study were equivalent to 9.3 and 18.7mg/dL of blood urea nitrogen, which are typically common in lactating dairy cows with low or high protein intake, respectively. Stimulation of BOEC with 40mg/dL of urea induced gene expression of IL10 and IL4, epithelial-derived T helper type 2-driving (anti-inflammatory) cytokines as well as mPGES-1 expression and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) secretion. However, urea concentrations of both 20 and 40mg/dL failed to alter the expression of IL1B and TNFA, Th1-driving cytokines, and the gene expression of TLR4. However, a concentration of 40mg/dL of urea stimulated α 1-acid glycoprotein expression, an acute phase protein. Data from this in vitro study suggest that urea, at least in part, contributes to influence the expression of some immune-related genes toward T helper type 2 type and prostaglandin E2 secretion, leading to disruption in local environment for fertilization and early embryonic development.


Soil salinity is an alarming problem in the world and major hindrance to agricultural productivity. Adoption of salt tolerant genotypes and screening them in early stages of their growth has become much essential for better growth and yield. This study was conducted to explore the salinity induced changes in water and photosynthetic traits of sorghum cultivars. A sand culture experiment with four sorghum genotypes Sandalbar, JS-2002, Noor and FJ-115 was conducted in earthen pots containing 0 and 100 mM NaCl salinity solutions along with 1/5 Hoaglands nutrient solution. Salinity significantly inhibited leaf water potential in all four sorghum genotypes particularly in Noor and FJ-115 with 0.9 and 0.8 Ψ w -MPa respectively. Sandalbar and JS-2002 genotypes maintained higher transpiration rate than FJ-115 and Noor. The maximum inhibition in stomatal conductance was recorded in Noor (1.7 mmol m -2 S -1 ) followed by FJ-115 (2.3 mmol m -2 S -1 ). Under salinity stress, highest decrease in total chlorophyll (52.1%) and soluble sugars (0.26 mg g -1 F.W) contents were found in FJ-115. Salinity stress negatively effected physiological and biochemical traits in all sorghum genotypes that can be used as indicator of their salinity tolerant potential. Sorghum lines JS- 2002 and Sandalbar can be categorized as salinity tolerant while Noor and FJ-115 as sensitive for cultivation. This study could mark a way for determining the degree of salinity tolerance in sorghum cultivars for further utilization in breeding programmes.


In this work, four silver(I) complexes with Schiff bases derived from ninhydrin and selected amino acids (methionine, histidine, cysteine, and phenylalanine) were synthesized. The aim of this study is to determine the potential biological activity of these complexes. FTIR and UV/VIS spectroscopy were used for structural characterization of the products. Antioxidant activity was examined in vitro using DPPH method. Antimicrobial screening was performed by diffusion technique on reference bacterial strains from the ATCC collection. Interaction with bovine serum albumin (BSA) was examined using UV/VIS spectroscopy. Based on the obtained spectral data, it is assumed that all Schiff bases coordinate the Ag(I) ion as a tridentate ONO donor ligand. The antioxidant activity of the synthesized compounds is extremely high, with a range of IC 50 values of 0.023-0.06 mg/mL. Antimicrobial screening determined the inhibitory ability of almost all complexes for concentrations of 1 and 2 mg/mL, with zones of inhibition in the range of 9-19 mm. Examination of the interaction of BSA with Ag(I) complexes revealed the same change in the absorption maximum (hyperchromic shift) in the region of about 205 nm, which indicates that the interaction of BSA and the complex results in conformational changes of BSA.


A secure network achieves integrity and privacy in communication by employing a shared private key for generation of a MAC and for payload encryption respectively for its messages. A public key cipher method is used for authentication and secret key exchange among remote nodes. Lower layer security mechanisms currently available for ATM networks operate either at frame level or use a combined frame and cell approach that result in innexible and ineecient schemes. In this paper, we investigate network and cryptographic technology requirements and limitations encountered in designing an exclusively cell{based secure ATM network. We also present a design for a cryptographic security device that can be transparently dropped{in between an ATM user device and network switch to provide secure virtual connections.


Abstract The present paper focuses on non-canonical syntactic constructions in the language of evaluation. It explores in which ways and under which conditions certain syntactic constructions deviating from the unmarked SVX pattern can support the expression of the writer's/speaker's attitude. The study is based on a corpus of academic and non-academic book reviews (published online and in print in scientific journals of different disciplines and on the cataloguing website Goodreads respectively). It-extrapositions, existential there sentences, and wh-clefts contained in the corpus were analysed not only as to the evaluations expressed within them but also as to other parameters, including the occurrence of different forms of evaluation, the mention of specific sources or participating roles of evaluation as well as information structure.


The research is based on the psycho-measure questionnaire which covers 120 athletes,who have attended the Cup Championship in ShangXi on September 2010.The data from the questionnaires is treated with the statistical software SPSS13.0 for Windows.Methods of ANOVA,multi-factor ANOVA and other relative ones are adopted in the data statistic and analysis.Some experts of psychology,teachers of Chinese kungfu and Sanda athletes are interviewed during the research.The research leads to four results: 1,athletes who have the high-level competition experience control better the pre-competition anxiety than those without the related experience;2,the expression of the cognitive anxiety and the physical anxiety from the top athletes is more weakly than athletes of the first grade and second grade,and the top athletes are more confident than athletes of the other two grades;3,the comparative analysis shows that the pre-competition anxiety varies distinctively between the top athletes and athletes of the other two grades in every dimension,and that the cognitive anxiety is one of the major factors which affects the athlete's competition;and 4,the pre-competition anxiety is connected with the factors as psychological fatigue and athletic trauma,the skill level of the opponents,the influence of the team leader and the drill master,etc.


A projection instruction device that, on the basis of sensing information for a parcel, generates a projection image that is projected onto the parcel. The projection instruction device comprises a processor and memory. The processor cooperates with the memory to calculate, on the basis of first time information that corresponds to a time at which the parcel was sensed, a location for projecting the projection image.


Whilst migration has become a structural feature of most European countries, the integration of foreigners in the labour market continues to raise concerns. Evidence across countries shows that migrants are more often over-educated than natives. Over the last years, scholarship has intended to capture the effect of informal networks on migrants' over-education. Interestingly, no study has looked into the Italian case, yet a country for which the effect of networks on education-occupation mismatch is well documented. This article has two objectives: it assesses the extent to which over-education affects migrants and it evaluates the role informal networks play in producing it. We find that foreigners are more over-educated than natives but that the role of networks is consistent across the two groups. Empirical evidence is drawn from the application of quantitative and counter-factual methods to PLUS 2018 – Participation, Labour, Unemployment Survey.


AbstractThe alkaloid-containing fraction obtained from Nicotiana tabacum was tested for its insecticidal and phagodeter-rent activities against the Red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. Treatment of the larvae with concentrations ranging from 20000 to 50000 ppm resulted in larval mortality and juvenomimetic effects. The alkaloid-containing fraction also showed feeding deterrent activity at concentrations of 3%.


Melon accessions were screened for resistance to Melon necrotic spot virus (MNSV) after mechanical inoculation to determine the virus inheritance pattern. Of the 802 melon (Cucumis melo L.) accessions inoculated with MNSV-NH, 45 did not develop necrotic lesions on inoculated leaves nor did the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test positive for the virus. These accessions were classified as resistant to MNSV because they also did not develop necrotic lesions after inoculation with two other MNSV isolates. F1 progenies, derived by crossing the resistant accessions and a susceptible 'Natsukei 6', developed necrotic lesions on leaves but the F1 progenies resulting from crosses between resistant accessions and the resistant Terlita' did not. These results suggest that the MNSV resistance of these accessions is recessive and located at the same locus as that in 'Perlita'.


Abstract Digital photography and subsequent image analysis for ground-cover measurements can increase sampling rate and measurement speed and probably can increase measurement accuracy. Reduced monitoring time (labor cost) can increase monitoring precision by allowing for increased sample numbers. Multiple platforms have been developed for close-to-earth remote sensing. Here we outline a new, 5.8-kg aluminum camera stand for acquiring stereo imagery from 2 m above ground level. The stand is easily transported to, from, and within study sites owing to its low weight, excellent balance, and break-down multipiece construction.


The valuation of the real option to store natural gas is a practically important problem that entails dynamic optimization of inventory trading decisions with capacity constraints in the face of uncertain natural gas price dynamics. Stochastic dynamic programming is a natural approach to this valuation problem, but it does not seem to be widely used in practice because it is at odds with the high-dimensional natural gas price evolution models that are widespread among traders. According to the practice-based literature, practitioners typically value natural gas storage heuristically. The effectiveness of the heuristics discussed in this literature is currently unknown because good upper bounds on the value of storage are not available. We develop a novel and tractable approximate dynamic programming method that, coupled with Monte Carlo simulation, computes lower and upper bounds on the value of storage, which we use to benchmark these heuristics on a set of realistic instances. We find that these heuristics are extremely fast to execute but significantly suboptimal compared to our upper bound, which appears to be fairly tight and much tighter than a simpler perfect information upper bound; computing our lower bound takes more time than using these heuristics, but our lower bound substantially outperforms them in terms of valuation. Moreover, with periodic reoptimizations embedded in Monte Carlo simulation, the practice-based heuristics become nearly optimal, with one exception, at the expense of higher computational effort. Our lower bound with reoptimization is also nearly optimal, but exhibits a higher computational requirement than these heuristics. Besides natural gas storage, our results are potentially relevant for the valuation of the real option to store other commodities, such as metals, oil, and petroleum products.


NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC). is participating in the Space Solar Power Exploratory Research and Technology program (SERT) for the development of a solar power satellite concept. The aim of the program is to provide electrical power to Earth by converting the Sun's energy and beaming it to the surface. This paper will give an overall view of the technologies being pursued at GRC including thin film photovoltaics, solar dynamic power systems, space environmental effects, power management and distribution, and electric propulsion. The developmental path not only provides solutions to gigawatt sized space power systems for the future, but provides synergistic opportunities for contemporary space power architectures. More details of Space Solar Power can be found by reading the references sited in this paper and by connecting to the web site http://moonbase.msfc.nasa.gov/ and accessing the "Space Solar Power" section "Public Access" area.


The final report for Phase 1 of this research effort (ORNL/SUB/94-SV004/1) concluded that a significant market opportunity would exist for active desiccant systems if it could be demonstrated that they can remove a significant proportion of common airborne contaminants while simultaneously performing the primary function of dehumidifying a stream of outdoor air or recirculated building air. If the engineering community begins to follow the intent of ASHRAE Standard 62, now part of all major building codes, the outdoor air in many major cities may need to be pre-cleaned before it is introduced into occupied spaces. Common air contaminant cosorption capability would provide a solution to three important aspects of the ASHRAE 62-89 standard that have yet to be effectively addressed by heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) equipment manufacturers: (1) The ASHRAE standard defines acceptable outdoor air quality. If the outdoor air contains unacceptable levels of certain common outdoor air contaminants (e.g., sulfur dioxide, ozone), then the standard requires that these contaminants be removed from the outdoor air stream to reach compliance with the acceptable outdoor air quality guidelines. (2) Some engineers prefer to apply a filtration or prescriptive approach rather than a ventilation approach to solving indoor air quality problems.more » The ASHRAE standard recognizes this approach provided that the filtration technology exists to remove the gaseous contaminants encountered. The performance of current gaseous filtration technologies is not well documented, and they can be costly to maintain because the life of the filter is limited and the cost is high. Moreover, it is not easy to determine when the filters need changing. In such applications, an additional advantage provided by the active desiccant system would be that the same piece of equipment could control space humidity and provide filtration, even during unoccupied periods, if the active desiccant system were operated in a recirculation mode. (3) Almost all major medical, university, and research facilities face the dilemma that the air exhausted from a building exits near the intake of another building. As a result, contaminants exhausted outdoors are pulled back into the same or an adjacent building. The removal of contaminants from outdoor air that an active desiccant system offers would be attractive to applications in such cases. The primary objective of this research project was to quantify the ability of the SEMCO composite desiccant dehumidification wheel to purify outdoor and recirculated air streams by removing gaseous contaminants commonly encountered in actual applications. This contaminant removal is provided simultaneously with dehumidification (removing the latent load) of these air streams at conditions encountered in HVAC applications. This research builds upon initial seed work completed by the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) during 1993 (Bayer and Downing 1993).« less


Simple Summary Cancer is a complex disease associated with deregulation of numerous genes. In addition, redundant cellular pathways limit efficiency of monotarget drugs in cancer therapy. MicroRNAs are a class of gene expression regulators, which often function by targeting multiple genes. This feature makes them a double-edged sword (a) as attractive targets for anti-tumor therapy and concomitantly (b) as risky targets due to their potential side effects on healthy tissues. As for conventional antitumor drugs, nanocarriers have been developed to circumvent the problems associated with miRNA delivery to tumors. In this review, we highlight studies that have established the pre-clinical proof-of concept of miRNAs as relevant therapeutic targets in oncology. Particular attention was brought to new strategies based on nanovectorization of miRNAs as well as to the perspectives for their applications. Abstract The discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs) in 1993 has challenged the dogma of gene expression regulation. MiRNAs affect most of cellular processes from metabolism, through cell proliferation and differentiation, to cell death. In cancer, deregulated miRNA expression leads to tumor development and progression by promoting acquisition of cancer hallmark traits. The multi-target action of miRNAs, which enable regulation of entire signaling networks, makes them attractive tools for the development of anti-cancer therapies. Hence, supplementing downregulated miRNA by synthetic oligonucleotides or silencing overexpressed miRNAs through artificial antagonists became a common strategy in cancer research. However, the ultimate success of miRNA therapeutics will depend on solving pharmacokinetic and targeted delivery issues. The development of a number of nanocarrier-based platforms holds significant promises to enhance the cell specific controlled delivery and safety profile of miRNA-based therapies. In this review, we provide among the most comprehensive assessments to date of promising nanomedicine platforms that have been tested preclinically, pertaining to the treatment of selected solid tumors including lung, liver, breast, and glioblastoma tumors as well as endocrine malignancies. The future challenges and potential applications in clinical oncology are discussed.


We reevaluate the electric dipole moment (EDM) of charged leptons in the standard model using hadron effective models. We find large EDM generated by the hadron level long-distance effect, $d_e = 1.8\times 10^{-39}e$ cm, $d_\mu = 6.2\times 10^{-38}e$ cm, and $d_\tau = -8.9\times 10^{-38}e$ cm, with an error bar of 70\%, exceeding the conventionally known four-loop level elementary contribution by several orders of magnitude.


Analyzing process logic differences between company's process and best practice process can assist project team in discovering process improvement opportunities. Process logic comparison has been mentioned in some literature, but research in this area still lacks effectively and efficiently analytical approach. This research has applied string coding and comparison to analyze the process logic differences between business process models. There are three portions in this approach. First of all, all process paths embedded in each compared process model are identified and coded into alphabetical process path strings. Then, all process path pairs necessary for further processing difference analysis are decided. Finally, process path string comparison is applied to each process path pair to identify the differences in processing sequence and processing mode.


Intracellular calcium (Cai) regulation in cardiomyocytes is critical because of its relationship with cell contractility and arrhythmogenesis. Pharmacological interventions and/or mutations affecting ion channel expression levels may alter ionic currents and thus Cai handling. Because it is difficult to conduct a systematic analysis of the effects of ionic current variations using solely experimental means, we conducted computational simulations to characterize the effects of ion channel alterations on Cat parameters in dog cardiomyocytes. Using the Decker-Rudy model, we simulated up-regulations and down-regulations of sarcolemmal and sarcoplasmic reticulum ion channels, pumps and exchangers using values ranging from 0% to 200% of their control values. We then performed a sensitivity analysis of the effects of these variations on a set of Cat parameters at different pacing rates. Our results show that both the SERCA pump and the Na+-K+ pump are key in controlling diastolic calcium (CaD), systolic calcium (CaS), the calcium transient duration (CaTD90) and the maximum calcium upstroke velocity (CaDotMax). Other relevant factors are the current through the L-type calcium current (Icol) and the sarcolemmal Na+-Ca2+ exchanger. At high pacing frequencies, the importance of ICaL is enhanced.


In this paper, we propose and analyze a class of stochastic $N$-player games where the original one player game is a two-dimensional stochastic control problem. Three different constraints are considered: pooling, dividing and sharing. The controlled dynamics under the Nash Equilibrium is derived via solving a system of free boundary problems where the boundary is "moving" in the sense that it depends on both the state of the players and the control strategies of other players. We call it a "moving free boundary" problem to highlight the difference between the standard control problem versus the stochastic games. We also show our NE strategies can be reformulated as controlled rank-dependent stochastic differential equations. Our result gives an economic interpretation that sharing will have lower cost than dividing with pooling yielding the lowest cost.


ABSTRACT This article deals with the 'quota 100ʹ early retirement option and the "citizenship income" (Reddito di cittadinanza) social assistance scheme introduced by the Conte government early in 2019. The two programmes claim to represent a clear break with the last ten years of subtractive social policy reforms and EU-imposed austerity. We first present the key innovations before analysing them against the background of recent institutional changes. Their political logic and (early) outcomes are analysed in light of the package negotiated among the forces supporting the Government: the Five-star Movement and Matteo Salvini's League. The article then considers the reforms' likely durability, taking as a benchmark the events following the appointment of the second Conte government. With hindsight, the new policies are less radical and anti-EU than they appear at first sight, which contributes to their political sustainability.


Proposed study area for the Master Plan in the City of Saratoga Springs, NY. Total Study Cost: $65,000 ($60,000 consultant effort plus $5,000 in CDTC staff technical assistance) Description: CDTC is assisting the City of Saratoga Springs with a consultant effort to develop a bicycle, pedestrian and public transit master plan. The project will assist the City with implementing its recently enacted Complete Streets policy and various local plans including the City's Comprehensive Plan, the Downtown Transportation Plan and the Route 50 Southern Gateway Study. The effort will produce mapping, policy recommendations, short and long term capital solutions as well as programmatic activities (education, encouragement, etc.)


This manuscript discusses the planning and development required to use the Personalized System of Instruction in the basic speech communication course. Implementation of Personalized System Instruction Components and course management are explained.


The article introduces materials of the Fominsky stage of the Kulaiskaya culture from the site in the Itkul microdistrict located in the forest-steppe Altai. It gives a detailed description of the site and its excavation. The site covered an area of 320 m². The excavation revealed a semi-dugout with a pit area of 25 m² and a corridor-type exit, a household building, and other structures. The author focuses on the moat and earthwork line and made a cultural and chronological interpretation of the complex based on ceramic and shell plate. The monument dates back to the late III – first half of the IV century and belongs to the Fominsky stage of the Kulaiskaya culture. The article contains previously unpublished photos of all the artifacts, except plain pottery. The introduction of the presented complex into scientific circulation improves the source base of ancient history studies of the forest-steppe Altai in the first half of the 1st millennium. The complex contains artifacts unpolluted with any culturally similar and chronologically close artifacts, which means that it can help identify the Fominsky stage and their cultural-markers. The matter is important not only for the archaeology of the forest-steppe Altai, but also for the neighboring territories with culturally and chronologically similar complexes in Novosibirsk and Kemerovo Regions.


Dealing with context information is an important concern for mobile service computing. However, modern frameworks and programming languages do not directly support context-dependent behavior with first class entities. In this paper, we present Context-oriented Programming for mobile applications and provide an overview of our context-oriented extension to the Java programming language.


Identification of John Danter's partner in the printing of Romeo and Juliet Qi (STC 22322) still seems to escape the sound authorization of some of the recent Shakespearean critics and editors. Cedric Watts, for ex ample, mentions that the printing of the text was shared by "John Danter and, it is believed, Edward Allde." Laurie E. Maguire also assumes that sheets E-K of the play were printed by "Edward Allde (P)."1 In fact, it is the only Shakespearean play-quarto for which STC appended a query to a printer's name as "J. Danter [a. E. Allde?]."2 Under the existing circumstances, one may well have an impression that Allde has not yet been identified confidently as Danter's collaborator in the printing of the book. The search for the sharing printer in Romeo Qi was first launched by Hariy R. Hoppe in 1948, who demonstrated that the printing of the play was un doubtedly shared by two stationers, based on the use of different sizes of type, a different running-tide, and some varied compositorial practices observed in sheets A D and E-K. He suggested that Allde might have been the collabora


In recent years, the study of English for special purpose(ESP) has been focused by different scholars. In the research of ESP, the study of accounting English has aroused interests of different researchers. This paper will study accounting English from the perspective of translation theory—Function Plus Loyalty Theory. The research presents that the rules can be applied to accounting English.


The Message Passing Interface (MPI) standard specifies the use of (source, tag, communicator) tuple to identify whether an incoming message is what the receiver process is expecting. The cost associated with this process, commonly known as "tag matching", is tightly coupled with the communication pattern of the application and the load it generates at each individual process. Although researchers have proposed several schemes to mitigate the cost of tag matching, they have all been static and do not adapt dynamically to the communication load at individual processes and can lead to degradation in tag matching times. Such static designs can also lead to unnecessary memory overheads for queue management at processes whose communication loads do not justify enhanced tag matching schemes. In this paper, we take up this challenge and propose a tag matching design which dynamically adapts to the communication load at each individual process at runtime. Our experimental evaluation shows that the proposed adaptive and dynamic tag matching scheme is able to deliver the best performance when compared with multiple state-of-the-art tag matching schemes while limiting the memory consumed to the absolute minimum necessary to deliver the desired performance benefits. For instance, with HPCG, the adaptive scheme delivers 20, 32 and up to 2X improvements in tag matching performance when compared to the default, bin-based and rank-based schemes, respectively. To the best of our knowledge this is the first tag matching design that is capable of dynamically adapting to the communication requirements of end applications.


Structures and properties were obtained by density functional calculations for the complexes [RhCl(CO)2(L)] (L = isoquinoline ligands) containing close Rh····H separations. Electrostatic repulsion keeps the atoms apart and Rh····C separations are prevented from developing much further by ligand inflexibility. Natural bond orbital analysis shows small components of C–Hσ to Rh (agostic) donation and Rh to C–Hσ* backdonation. Both σ- and π-electron-withdrawing substituents produce an increase in the Rh····H separation, while ligand inflexibility prevents σ- and π-electron-donating substituents from decreasing the Rh····C separation. Substitution at C2 by Me closes up the Rh····H separation and CHMe2 and CMe3 groups cause a structural change which minimises the interaction. Substitution at C2 by a Ph group gives the shortest Rh····H separation (2.187 A) and largest Rh to C–Hσ* backdonation. Electron donation at C7 or at C7 and C9 increases the Rh····H separation, as the ligand flexes substantially to accommodate a decrease in the Rh····C separation. On the basis of the minimal C–Hσ to Rh (agostic) donation involved, the complexes are best described as preagostic.


This study tries to examine the effects of multicultural adolescent's ego-resilience, biculture acceptance, bullying, and parenting attitude on their intention of school dropout. To do this, the subjects(n=1,347) extracted from the 5 th year of the Multicultural Adolescent Panel Survey were analyzed by using hierarchical regression analysis. The founded results are as follows. First, multicultural adolescent's strong ego-resilience, biculture acceptance and positive parenting attitude decreased their intention of school dropout. Second, multicultural adolescent's bullying had no effect on it. Third, negative parenting attitude increased multicultural adolescent's intention of school dropout, playing the most significant role in the change of their intention of school dropout. On the based of findings, the study suggested various the programs to prevent multicultural adolescent's intention of school dropout which can be practiced in the field service.


In recent years, with the rapid development of China's satellite remote sensing technology, ZY-1 02C, ZY-3 and TH-1 satellites have been successfully launched, ZY-3 satellite is China's first autonomous civilian high-resolution stereo mapping satellite, achieved a breakthrough in the field of civil high resolution mapping satellite[1]. Its successful applications have become a new milestone in the history of Chinese satellite surveying and mapping, undertake to build database of remote sensing information, promote the development of geographic space information industry. This paper, based on data distribution service subsystem of the construction of ZY-3 ground processing as an example, introduces GIS in the subsystem which plays an important role. This sub-system is the window of the ground system of information collection and product distribution, whose task is to provide ZY-3, ZY-1 02C a variety of sensor data distribution service at all levels of products, to provide users with a unified search, browse, order and download services, and has a certain capacity expansion upgrade, which provides a technical basis and guarantee for subsequent satellite distribution service. With ZY-3 satellite in orbit, the amount of data is increasing, how to efficiently manage multi-source image data becomes the system to be solved. In this paper, ArcGIS mosaic datasets is used to manage large-scale image data to solve the many problems that exist in the traditional image management and shared services to complete data distribution. At present, the distribution system has been stabilized, and serves the masses of users.


In 1873, German adventurer Wilhelm Hubbe-Schleiden entered a series of disputes that were a common part of everyday life for foreign residents of the French Central African colony of Gabon in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. Upon arriving in Gabon, he decided to establish a trading house in the Glass neighborhood of Libreville. This small town of two thousand people had been the administrative and commercial center of French political and European economic interests since 1842. Hubbe-Schleiden had problems within a short time. A crowd of Mpongwe men assembled by his home and quarreled with one another. Since Hubbe-Schleiden had rented out a house from the son of an Agakaza clan chief, the young man claimed the German guest belonged to the Agakaza clan. However, a younger man named Ovendo from the Agesso clan claimed to be HubbeSchleiden' s host. "By the strict customs of the land, [the Agakaza clan] had the true claim as the [patron], but I had absolutely no idea at the time of the existence of such a right."1 Hubbe-Schleiden preferred Ovendo to the Agakaza claimants. By paying some gifts, Hubbe-Schleiden convinced his erstwhile hosts to allow Ovendo to become his patron. He described his relationship in the following way: "[the Mpongwe patron] treats a [white man] as his own house pet."2 Hubbe-Schleiden treated more seriously a protest of Mpongwe leaders against European firms. In September 1876, the local colonial administrator enforced a series of raises on duties for imported goods mandated by the French government. These high duties raised prices on foreign merchandise commonly used in trade with interior communities to purchase food, ivory, and rubber by over 50 percent.3 Local merchants responded by launching a boycott against European trading firms, including a refusal to sell any food. "Once [Mpongwe traders] saw that [the trading firms] were independent from these machinations, they gradually gave up resistance, although not before obtaining some favors from several smaller [trading] houses and thus breaking through the unanimous alliance of the [European] traders."4 Boycotts proved to be an effective means by coastal Gabonese communities of challenging French political and economic authority for the next half century. From the 1840s until the 1920s, Omyene-speaking clan leaders sought to regulate trade and foreigners living in their domains. Omyene-speaking peoples occupied coastal Gabon and controlled the Ogooue River, the main trade route in nineteenth-century Gabon, from its entrance into the Altantic Ocean to Lambarene over 100 miles from the coast. Perhaps 30,000 or so people belonged to Omyene-speaking clans, although the lack of firm statistics makes this only a rough estimate. Each of the main Omyene-speaking communities- Adyumba, Enenga, and Galwa clans living roughly 100 miles upriver on the Ogooue, the Mpongwe of the Gabon Estuary, the Nkomi of the southern coastal Fernan Vaz lagoon and the lower Ogooue, and the Orungu on the delta of the Ogooue Rivershared similar forms of government in the nineteenth century. Clan leaders and free men in Omyene-speaking clans made their fortunes by acting as commercial intermediaries between Europeans and other Gabonese people. In this context, I will use the term Omyene clans to refer generally to Adyumba, Enenga, Galwa, Mpongwe, Nkomi, and Orungu communities. As elsewhere on the Atlantic African coast, Omyene clans treated European residents as strangers who owed local people respect and the obligation to furnish gifts and support.5 This case offers an example of how patron/client relationships between European clients and African patrons in the Atlantic slave trade era adjusted to the new realities of the early colonial period. Jane Guyer's analysis of Atlantic African economic and political structures is pertinent for understanding how and why Omyene clan leaders tried to control Europeans in their domains. She has asserted: 'The capacity to define, institutionalize, take advantage of, technically control, and symbolically represent conversions is at the heart of the extensive regional transactions that every autonomous [Atlantic African] polity built up" between European clients and interior trade routes. …


The relevance of the study is due to the fact that in the modern development strategy of the Russian Federation, digital education plays a special role as an engine of innovative changes in the economy and society. One of the strategic documents for the development of Russia is the program «The Digital Economy of the Russian Federation, approved by the decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated July 28, 2017 No. 1632». «The program is aimed at creating conditions for the development of the knowledge society in the Russian Federation, improving the welfare and quality of life of citizens of our country by improving the availability and quality of goods and services produced in the digital economy using modern digital technologies, raising awareness and digital literacy, improving the availability and quality of public services for citizens, as well as security both within the country and abroad». The implementation of the ambitious goals and objectives of the program «Digital Economy of the Russian Federation» puts forward certain requirements for the education system. Currently, many universities have determined the vector of their development, through providing the economy with personnel possessing digital technologies. To ensure a high level of digital literacy, it becomes necessary to change the forms, methods, technologies of education, introduce new approaches in the education system. In this regard, this article is aimed at identifying, developing and experimental verification of pedagogical conditions for the application of digital technologies in business-oriented training of future bachelors of pedagogical education through business-oriented entrepreneurial structures (business incubators, educational technology centers, technology parks). The leading approach to the study of this problem is a technological approach in the framework of economic and entrepreneurial training of bachelors of pedagogical education (profiles: technology and economics). The main results of the study were obtained by comparing and grouping; the study analyzed observations and polls of 375 people (260 students, 25 practicing entrepreneurs, 30 teachers, 60 schoolchildren). The materials of the article are of practical value for managers of educational institutions, for teachers who use the digital educational environment in their professional


Concerning the turbulent flow in vertical cylindrical tanks which have no baffle and are agitated with a two-blade-paddle at the centre, some experiments and calculations were carried out.1) From the data presented by several investigators. we derived Eq. (1), regarding velocity distributions in the tank. The experimental data on the two parameters, δ and ξ, were als obtained.2) Power consumption and torque supplied to the liquid by the paddle were measured.3) Spreads of the coloring substance diffused along the main stream in time t were measured by means of many photographs. As the result, eddy diffusivitye, turbulence velocity √v2, mixing length l and t0 were calculated.4) Distribution of Reynolds stress τ, rate of dissipation of energy Eτ and average size of an eddy λ were calculated, Also, eddy viscosity e' were calculated in order to check the above results. These are shown in Fig. 5 and 6.It is difficult to deduce a general correlation between degree of agitation and that of turbulence from these experimental results, therefore, Fig. 7 and 8 might be understood to represent rough estimation.


The bioefficacy of new insecticide i.e. NNI 0001 480 SC (Flubendiamide) against the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella was tested under field conditions on cabbage. Four experiments were conducted during 2006 and 2007. NNI 0001 480 SC was applied @ 25.0, 37.5 and 50.0 ml/ha and was compared with Padan 50 SP (cartap hydrochloride) @ 500 g, Thiodan 35 EC (endosulfan) @ 1000 ml/ha and the untreated control. The medium and higher doses of NNI 0001 480 SC (37.5 and 50.0 ml/ha) significantly reduced the larval population and hence increased the marketable yield. The lower dose of NNI 0001 480 SC (25.0 ml/ha) and Padan 50 SP were at par in reducing population and increasing the yield.


This Research Highlight introduces a newly online-published research paper on the achievement of a novel mechanically and electrically self-healing supercapacitor. The fabrication strategy, self-healing mechanism, and key device performance are briefly presented. Finally the positive impact of this work on the ongoing research in advanced future energy storage devices is discussed.


This book left me feeling rather gloomy. So much industry and effort by the writers, and their appraisal is that there is so little that is positive in their conclusions. The volume is intended as a source book of information for 'health care decision makers' and has been funded by the United States Veterans Administration. Each chapter starts with several pages (or more) detailing the approach to the background literature and ends with extensive references, while in between are found detailed tables of summaries; a truly Teutonic approach. Editorial control has been tight to produce this consistently exhaustive (but exhausting) format. What is depressing is the results of summarising the original work for social management of the elderly. Apparently there is little evidence that the health and social care programmes which have so far been tried have made much difference that can be detected by research methods. Have I as a geriatician and all my peers, medical and non-medical, put in all that effort so that the result can hardly be measured? The only real bouquet is for respite care programmes, but here I suspect one of the main points has been missed. If relatives know that relief is available, many of them don't have to ask for it, since it is the sense of being on their own with no one to turn to which is so destructive. Offer help, be there for them to turn to, and they find reserves of strength and morale to cope. This is a book about health and social care schemes, not the standard statistics and demography which have been well documented in other places, nor is it a textbook of medicine. As such it produces, as it sets out to do, an authoritative statement of the current position or reference purposes. However, by an odd quirk it chooses one medical condition to review in detail, osteoporosis. I suppose this is more respectable than such things as dementia or incontinence, which I personally would have selected before a bone disease as particularly important. There is a final chapter on continuing medical education in geriatrics and the final message is that at the current rate it will take over 100 years for all 450,000 American doctors to attend a course on the care of the elderly. By all means refer to this volume in the library and use it as a source book on the social care of the elderly but be prepared for a rather turgid, albeit authoritative, read.


The recent changes in the American Joint Commission on Cancer, 8th edition (AJCC‐8E) pT2 and pT3 tumour definitions for penile cancer need robust validation studies. A recent study redefined and modified the pT2 and pT3 stages incorporating the histopathological variables (tumour grade, lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion) similar to that used in the current AJCC‐8E pT1 stage tumour subclassification. In this study, we validate and compare this proposed staging with the AJCC staging systems on an external data set.


The aim of this paper was to introduce the study on burr formation mechanism of nickel-based Hastelloy C-276 in the turning process. The process is monitored using a high-speed camera mounted on a computer numerical control (CNC) turning machine. The captured photographs show that the burr starts appearing on the edge of an uncut surface when the engagement with the chip—workpiece contact area is complete and increases accordingly during the process of hitting the cutting edge and causing chipping wear. The study shows that the initializing of chip burr formation can be divided into two stages: creating and mounting up. Creating of burr formation is characterized by the "reaction of shear formation" of the cutting force on the edge of chip for an unmachined surface, while mounting up increasing in size and forcing the chip to change its direction shoots up the rake face. This edge of the burr will separate and re-attach with the burr edge again during mounting up, thus creating a chain web shape on the edge of the uncut surface and causing edge chipping. The results show that the approach angle has a significant effect on burr formation.


Earthing systems of wind turbines are specified in international standards and are the subject of investigation to determine their performance under both power frequency fault and transient conditions. In this paper, earthing system models for wind turbines are developed and numerical computer simulations performed to investigate the effect of soil resistivity and permittivity on the earth potential rise of the turbine under variable frequency and transient conditions. The results indicate that the inductive component of the earthing system becomes influential above a particular frequency related to soil resistivity and resulting in an increase in developed structure potentials. This tendency is evident in both on-shore and off-shore environments. Under high frequency and high resistivity, a fall in the earth potential rise occurs which suggests a strong capacitive effect at these frequencies, similar to that seen with individual earth rods. It is found that earthing interconnection of adjacent on-shore wind turbine structures is beneficial in reducing transient earth potential rise (TEPR) under impulse conditions. For the on-shore scenario, the benefits of interconnection extend to at least three turbines either side of the subject turbine. However, in an off-shore environment, the benefits of interconnection are less due to the low resistivity of the water which limits the effective length to less than that of a typical inter-turbine spacing. Earthing system models of a turbine were developed to include the earthing system, turbine foundations and above-ground structure. It was established that, for high frequency and transient conditions, the magnitude of the potential rise seen from the point of injection is significantly higher when the above-ground structure is taken into account. Significantly, the transient earth potential rise at the turbine base is also higher when the model includes the aboveground structure, as shown in Fig. 1. Enhancements to the wind turbine earthing system are introduced using an insulated conductor in parallel with bare horizontal earth electrodes which show marked improvements in the control of safety voltages compared with the use of bare conductors alone (Fig. 2). In the paper, we describe the principles of this enhancement approach and give further details of optimized connection scenarios. Fig. 1. Frequency response of turbine earthing system


The study of economic agglomeration is again a concern in the urban economic literature, especially in describing urban areas and better econometric approaches. This study improves the size of cities to become urban and suburban, reflecting the flow of commuting, using the 2010 and 2015 Landscan data to measure economic density better and reduce bias due to measurement errors. Empirically, using this density and using the 2SLS estimation technique with instrument variables in the form of earthquake risk and ruggedness measures, the result of a city twice as large can increase wages 61 percent. This result is higher than most other literature because the sample only covers urban areas. This study also shows that workers with characteristics such as higher education, the formal sector, the service sector, and white collar jobs get more enormous benefits in urban areas.JEL Classification: J24, J31, O18How to Cite:Sari, M. N. Y., & Yudhistira, M. H. (2023). Urban Size and Labor Market Premium: Evidence from Indonesia. Signifikan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, 12(1), 27-44. https://doi.org/10.15408/sjie.v12i1.27999.


Product audit is the method which aims at evaluating the efficiency of preventive and corrective actions implemented to improve a product-specific manufacturing process. Efficiency is measured by comparing the results obtained from testing the final product against product specification. Product auditing method is a specific method developed by the major car manufacturers. The effectiveness of this method is revealed in the quality of products delivered and in the optimization of manufacturing processes. The applicability of this concept can be extended, in the author's opinion, in all productive organizations in the machinery industry with large or small series production. Selecting the type of corrective or preventive actions based on the evolution in trends of the results obtained from product auditing represents the value added obtained from this process. The audit is essentially a product control key for the activities of a productive organization .


One of the main advances that have occurred in the field of rural development policy in Latin America over the past decade and a half is the emergence of the rural territorial development approach (Veiga et al., 2001; Abramovay, 2003; Schejtman & Berdegué, 2003; Favareto, 2007). However, analyses of the soundness of the policies implemented under this approach do not always yield satisfactory results. One of the greatest challenges is the need to move from rhetorical innovation to real institutional change. An important first step in this direction involves recognizing the myriad practices that have been put into place. This not only makes it possible to identify ongoing efforts but also, and above all else, contributes to a clear understanding of where we are in the transition from a sectoral vision to a truly territorial approach. That is the objective of this document. It presents a systematization of policies that share this characteristic in Brazil and forms part of a broader initiative coordinated by Rimisp – Latin American Center for Rural Developmentwhich involves the implementation of similar surveys in other Latin American nations.


This study is aimed to analyze a morphological process in the marker of benefactive verbs and causative verbs construction of Madurese Language. The theory used in this study was of generative morphology and syntax. The object of this study was Madurese Language. The data collected in Madurese Language was from the native speakers of Madurese. The result of this research was the formation rules of benefactive verbs and causative verbs of Madurese Language by using word and paradigm approach. The results show that there were three kinds of affixation to produce the benefactive verbs. Affixation in the marker of benefactive verb was shown by prefixes a-, ma-, and n-, and suffix –aghi. Affixation in the marker of causative verb was shown by prefixes ma-. Madurese also use intransitive verb and also adjective as the root to construct benefactive verb and causative verb.
Keyword: Benefactive Verbs, Causative Verbs, Generative Morphology, Madurese


A dimenstioned diagram of the experimental configuration of the acoustic duct is shown in Figure 1. The duct is constructed of 4 inch diameter PVC plastic piping. Electret condenser microphones are used as sensors. These omnidirectional microphones measure acoustic pressure and have an approximately flat frequency response over a frequency range of 20 Hz-20 kHz. Acoustic actuation for both disturbance and control was provided by 4" woofer speakers, which have a flat response range of approximately 50 Hz-7 kHz. For control purposes, the inputs r and u are the input voltages to the disturbance and control speaker amplifiers, respectively, while the measurement signals r and [ are the output voltages from the measurement and performance microphone amplifiers, respectively. In this way, the combined dynamic characteristics of the amplifiers, speakers, and microphones can be identified directly from experimental data. Controllers are implemented using a dSPACE model DS1102 real-time control board.


in the late high winds* I was blown to a great many places—and indeed, wind or no wind, I generally have extensive transactions on hand in the article of Air—but I have not been blown to any English place lately, and I very seldom have blown to any English place in my life, where I could get anything good to eat and drink in five minutes, or where, if I sought it, I was received with a welcome.


1. RJ H

Everyone seems to be celebrating the millenium. Not to be outdone, so is Pediatrics in Reveiw . During the year 2000 we will celebrate our 20th anniversary as part of the millenial event. For this entire 20 years, PIR has been tied to the American Board of Pediatrics' recertification program. Each year, committees of clinicians and academicians develop content specifications (now nearly 5,000) from which about 900 are selected annually to be the basis of the time-limited certification test 2 years hence. PIR , together with the PREP Self-Assessment Program, divides these specifications and cover nearly all of them in the year preceding the recertification examination. Thus, in 2000, PIR will publish material that will be the basis for the examination in 2001. Over a 4-year period, these two parts of PREP cover almost all of the 5,000 content specifications, and the index of PIR each December lists the current material plus that of the previous 3 years.

PIR continues to change to remain as useful as possible as a review vehicle. The ever-popular Index of Suspicion now is featured monthly, and this January issue offers six cases instead of the usual three. …


Chi ZiJian has illusion and imagination,in her literary creation career of 20 years,she always pursues pure artistry of novel and aesthetic qualities.Her novels are of fresh dual nature in mystiques and famous in the literary world.This paper analyses her novels,which have the characteristic of "poetic sentiment" from the art of language,and describes the narration characteristics of her novel.The prosization in narrating is her narration characteristics in her novels.From the angle of aesthetics,it is put forward that simple beauty is her novel aesthetic.


The flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-containing putrescine oxidase of Micrococus rubens catalyse the oxidative deamination of putrescine. The amino acid sequences of the NH 2 -termini of the mature enzyme and lysyl-endopeptidase-generated fragments were determined for preparation of synthetic oligonucleotides as hybridization probes for cloning. A 4.4 kb BamHI fragment which containned DNA sequences hybridizing to the probes was cloned in pUC19 in Escherichia coli


A new aroid variety, Cryptocoryne nurii var. raubensis isdescribed and illustrated in colour. The new variety differs from var. nurii inthe always short spathe tube, a relative long kettle, and a peduncle whichadjusts its length to the water level so that the spathe acts as a floating buoyin order to ensure that the opening is always above the water surface with anopen entrance and exit for the pollinating insects. The distribution andcalcicolous ecology are briefly discussed.


Abstract By installing and linking additional receivers to a monostatic Doppler radar, several wind components can be measured and combined into a wind vector field. Such a bistatic Doppler radar network was developed in 1993 by the National Center for Atmospheric Research and has been in operation at different research departments. Since then, the accuracy of wind vectors has been investigated mainly based on theoretical examinations. Observational analysis of the accuracy has been limited to comparisons of dual-Doppler-derived wind vectors always including the monostatic Doppler radar. Intercomparisons to independent wind measurements have not yet been accomplished. In order to become an alternative to monostatic multiple–Doppler applications, the reliability of wind vector fields has to be also proven by observational analysis. In this paper wind vectors measured by a bistatic Doppler radar network are evaluated by 1) internally comparing results of bistatic receivers; 2) comparing with independent win...


Abstract Scandinavia, and Sweden in particular, has long held a prominent place in studies of historical demography. This is explained by the simple fact that these countries began to hold population censuses and to establish the national registration of baptisms, burials and marriages in the eighteenth century long before other European countries. This lead has since been maintained, demographic data in Scandinavia in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries being as a rule more comprehensive and reliable than that of many other countries.


In this paper,the marine topography survey's precision under the influence of different speed is simulated and analyzed,the control model of survey vessel speed is deduced based on each survey classification of IHO S-44,and the speed control index of Seabat8101 multibeam echosounder system is presented.


The aim of this paper is to develop a framework of relevant factors of innovation management that will help firms avoid failures in innovation projects in developing country, Thailand. This paper conducted literature review of innovation management models, and analysed the contextual factors from the largest four conglomerates in Thailand that were driven by innovation policy through in-depth semi-structure interviews and observations. The factors were criticised and weighted on whether they are relevant and critical to the innovation management to generate a proposed framework. A quantitative based instrument in the form survey questionnaire is used as research instrument. The item content validity was subsequently applied to verify the instrument. Finally, a survey of 325 samples from firms in Thailand was conducted. This research develops a framework of relevant factors presents a comprehensive innovation management framework for innovation manager and policy maker.


This study focuses on the contribution that studies of the post-war 'welfare state' can make to debates about welfare. Drawing on community care debates from 1971 to 1993, it illuminates contemporary concerns about such key issues as rationing care, the health and social care divide, the changing role of residential care and the growing emphasis on provider competition.


Leprosy is a chronic disease caused by bacteria that attack the skin, peripheralnerves, in patients with type Lepromatosa attack the upper respiratory tract. Support fromthe family will increase the confidence of individuals to interact with others and motivatethemselves in building a positive relationship. The purpose of this study was to explainthe relationship of family support to the quality of life of leprosy patients in LeprosyHospital Kediri. Research design was correlational. Respondents in the research ofleprosy patients who fulfilled inclusion criteria were 63 respondents using purposivesampling. Variable of this research was family support and quality of life. Instrumentusing questionnaire data analysis sheets using Spearman Rhoα = 0.05. From this research,it was found that more than 50% of family support for leprosy patients had moderatefamily support that was 43 respondents (68.3%) and at most quality of life in enoughcategory that were 31 respondents (49.2%) and the data analysis using Spearman's Rhotest obtained ρ = 0.036 then H1 accepted and Ho rejected which meant there was arelationship of family support with quality of life with Correlation Coefficient r = - 0.265which meant that the relationship between the two variables was family support withquality of life had weak power, so family support related to the quality of life of leprosypatients. Patient who has family support, has good quality of life. The conclusion of thisstudy obtained leprosy patients with good family support will improve the quality of theirlife.


My essay is the third part of the survey which analyses the tourism of Austria and are systematically based on each other. My present survey is the result of the research and market research which was conducted at the beginning of February 2014. Timing and the ski region Obertauern made us possible to study the operation of the sub-branche in weather conditions which are characteristic of the main season in an internationally recognised ski resort. First of all, I wanted to find out the size of the area is that is affected by the demand of the destination, how long tourists stay in Obertauern, which accommodation they choose and what inspires them to opt for this ski centre. In addition, I analysed the basic difference between the possibilities offered to domestic and foreign tourists. As a final conclusion I was interested in the issue if there are any differences between the Austrian destinations which were analysed before and the currently studied destination.


This paper present results of the comparative discourse analysis of the Soviet Anecdotes and texts of the Ukrainian satirical magazine "Peretz" ("Pepper"). The analysis focuses on the question that how was it possible for the consumer attitude to develop in the Socialist society where consumerism contradicted to the basic moral principles. So as to answer this question, political jokes collected from various sources (memoirs, diaries, notebooks, personal collections of anecdotes, oral historical materials, published collections of Soviet political jokes, etc., more than a total of 2000 folklore texts) were organized into a relational database and processed with the methods of content- and discourse analysis. The same database was created and analyzed for texts published in the magazine "Peretz". The results show that the intention of and practical steps taken to improve the welfare of the population aroused the Soviet citizens' consumer attitude. Influenced by a consumer disposition, the dichotomy of possessing or not possessing power lost its relevance and was replaced by the new formula of having access or not to material benefits. The official discourse influenced the formation and consolidation of the ideas of Soviet citizens about consumerism to a considerable degree. Even if talking about the consumer ideal with negative connotations, the official discourse facilitated indirectly the formation of the ideas and the system of values of the consumer society in the USSR.