Efficient and effective forest disease management relies on good research, yet forest managers are sometimes slow at adapting and implementing research discoveries. Meaningful research on management issues relies on an understanding of the difficulties of management, yet research discoveries often are remotely applicable to day-to-day management decisions. This communications gap may constrain the science and application of forest disease management. A fictional case study examines the incongruence between a new-economy manager and an old-economy corporate office when a decision support system called "profiling" is used to solve an ecological problem in an economic context. It illustrates the risks managers take when implementing new technologies-in this case, using information technology in a forest business when a root disease limits timber production. In the story that follows, our narrator is attending a guest lecture.


The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of wastewater through irrigation water on the growth of pepper culture (Capsicum chinense) cultivar tekila. The study was conducted in the experimental area of Superior Technology Course in Irrigation and Drainage of the Faculty of Technology Centec Cariri, located in the city of Juazeiro do Norte-CE. The treatments consisted of four wastewater percentages (25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) through irrigation water. Data on height and stem diameter of pepper seedlings were obtained at four different times of the crop cycle (15, 30, 45 and 60 days after application of treatments). According to the results, the stem height and stem diameter were not significantly influenced with domestic effluent concentrations used. The time of collection influenced not only the values of height but also of stem diameter, obtaining in both variables, linear behavior during the conduct of the experiment.


Ageing management is an important issue since the beginning of the operation of the NPPs to ensure that the design functions remain available throughout the service life of the plant. Utilities have selected different strategies to manage plant components ageing degradation, assuring that systems, structures and components important to safety remain within acceptable limits, and that procedures and personnel training remain adapted. At the same time, effective management of degradation processes is an important requirement of Safety authorities, including Nuclear Regulatory bodies. Spanish utilities developed an ageing management methodology in the earlier 90's. In the new century, this methodology has been adapted to fit 10CFR54 requirements [1] as well as specific necessities of each plant. Although 10CFR54 is formally set for plant life extension, these requirements are a good reference for plant life management activities. In order to take advantage of synergies between different plant programmes and activities, including ageing management, maintenance rule implementation, etc... Asco and Vandellos NPPs (ANAV) have performed an important effort to integrate plant activities during the last four years. The motor driving such integration is the NEI Standard Nuclear Plant Model [2] and particularly the equipment reliability process, AP-913 [3], recommendations. The paper will describe the activities performed by the plants and the support engineering companies, and the expected and achieved results during this process.Copyright © 2009 by ASME


The effects of dietary Bacillus coagulans on growth performance, intestine pH, caecal microflora were evaluated in the growing rabbits. The trial used 150 New Zealand rabbits, weaned at 35 days divided into 3 groups, with 5 replicates per groups and 10 rabbits per replicate. The rabbits in control group were fed with basal diet without any probiotic,while those in experimental groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 250 and 300 mg/kg B. coagulans respectively.The experiment lasted for 8 weeks. The two supplemental levels of B. coagulans increased by 20% the daily gain and feed conversion ratio (P<0.05). It also reduced the pH in duodenum, jejunum, ileum and caecal contents, and reduced the number of total aerobic bacteria and E.coli in caecum (P<0.05), but increased the number of anaerobic bacteria. The results suggested that supplementation of B. coagulans would increase the growth performance of rabbits, by regulating the pH of intestinal and thus perfecting the gut microbiota. The appropriate amount of B. coagulans for rabbits was 250 to 300 mg/kg under our experimental conditions.


Uniform loading of an (N + 1)-dimensional spherically symmetric inhomogeneous elastic solid is investigated. The governing equations are represented in a matrix form and reduction to the conventional wave equation is sought. Such reduction may be achieved for multiparameter forms of a certain function involving the density and elastic parameters of the material. The reduction to the wave equation allows certain initial/boundary value problems to be readily solved.


The question of the existence of multiple pure states in spin glasses and other disordered systems is considered. The authors show that the distribution of overlaps, P(q), is an unreliable indicator of how many distinct pure states a system has. They discuss the definition of, and possible relations between, pure states. They also discuss the spin glass on a Bethe lattice and the infinite-range model, pointing out why their ordered phases are likely to be unlike that of realistic spin glass models. Various possibilities for the behaviour of finite-range spin glasses are discussed.


BACKGROUND
Bolstered by the Institute of Medicine's employment goal of 80% of baccalaureate (BSN)-prepared RNs by 2020, the number of RN-to-BSN programs has grown dramatically. This rapid growth has led to concerns about lack of standardization and significant variability in requirements related to content and expected competencies.

METHOD
The Differentiated Essential Competencies (DECs) of Graduates of Texas Nursing Programs was reviewed to tease out the concepts, content, and competencies that are BSN-level specific and thereby appropriate for RN-to-BSN programs.

RESULTS
The current review was a compilation of differentiated competencies based on education level. In this article, numerous examples are drawn from the DECs and are organized by the major content areas common to RN-to-BSN programs.

CONCLUSION
Faculty should examine the DECs to consider how they may be used to enhance RN-to-BSN programs, to evaluate their congruence with traditional BSN programs, and to ensure that program graduates are educationally prepared for practice in today's complex health care system.


The CGN computer modeling expects the solution of two relatively independent problems. On the one hand, one should formulate the description of CGN as a dynamic system made up of many interacting elements, which are different by their nature and occupy different levels of the internal hierarchy, and the interactions themselves (regulatory bonds). On the other hand, this is the program realization of mathematical methods to study the dynamics of CGN functioning on qualitative and quantitative levels. In this work the solution of both formulated problems are presented.


In the product planning procedure of machine tools, mature designers always analyze and consider various customer's requirements and also conduct necessary information processing so as to obtain the most suitable product specifications. In order to rationally systematize such a procedure, it is necessary and indispensable to analyze and establish the decision making in the product planning of machine tools. Thus, in this paper, a product evaluation method using customer satisfaction degree has been proposed to establish a product development methodology for machine tools. The validity and effectiveness of the proposed evaluation method are verified through some case studies.


Postcards from the End of the World arises out of my work as a theorist-practitioner with a longstanding interest in "the end of the world". This interest has been fuelled by the multiple crises of...


The purpose of this research is to reduce the defect rate from manufacturing process of in-mould decoration (IMD), a process combining PET film with decorative patterns are moulded together with ABS resins, which has been developed to reduce the secondary process of decorative screen printing. Recently, the case study company has produced components with a high defect rate average 11.43% in Feb-Jun 2018, which increased sharply to 22.3% in June 2018. The major causes of the defect resulting from PET film peeled off and difficult to assembly. In order to reduce the defect rate, the five steps of the DMAIC Six Sigma methodology are implemented. The detail of the IMD manufacturing process was studied to identify appropriate measurement methods and factors affecting PET film peeled off by using the cause and effect diagram and its scoring matrix. Then the prioritized factors were analyzed and selected from FMEA to conduct the design of experiment (DOE) to find significant factors and optimal parameter settings for improvement and control process to prevent reoccurrence. After improvement of PET film peeled off by setting appropriate parameter as well as implementing control plans and Standard Operation Procedure (SOP) to eliminate other defects from in-mould decoration process, the result shows that the defect rate of in-mould decoration process decreased from11.43% average in Feb-June 2018 to1.25% after improvement in July-Oct 2018. It is found that IMD peeled off defect is reduce 86.6% and warpage defect is reduce 97.8% of defect before improvement.


Background Root cause analysis (RCA) is widely used following healthcare serious incidents, but does not necessarily lead to robust risk controls. This research aimed to examine current practices and to inform an understanding of what good looks like in formulating and implementing risk controls to improve patient safety.Methods First, I undertook a content analysis of 126 RCA reports over a three-year period from an acute NHS trust, with the goals of characterising (i)the contributory factors identified in investigations and (ii)the risk controls proposed in the action plans. Second, I conducted a narrative review of the academic literature on improving risk control practices in safety-critical industries, including but not limited to healthcare. Finally, I undertook a qualitative study involving 52 semi-structured interviews with expert stakeholders in post-incident management, analysed using the framework method.Results Content analysis of serious incident investigation reports identified the preoccupation of RCAs with identifying proximate errors at the sharp end of care, neglecting wider contexts and structures. Most (74%) risk controls proposed could be characterised as weak and were poorly aligned with identified contributory factors. Together, the narrative review and the findings of the interview study suggested eleven features essential to addressing these problems: systems-based investigations; a participatory approach, skilled and independent investigators; clear and shared language; including patients' views; allocating time and space to risk control formulation; adding structure to risk control formulation; sustainable risk controls mapped to identified problems; purposeful implementation and better tracking of risk controls; a collaborative approach to quality assurance and improved organisational learning.Discussion and conclusion: RCAs as currently conducted, and the action plans that arise from them, are often flawed. The eleven features identified will be important in improving risk control formulation and implementation. To operationalise these features, there is a need for: professional and independent investigations, risk controls based on a sound theory of change, and improved cultures and structures for organisational learning.


The changes in the growth quartz ampoule of AgGaS2 are studied. Coating a layer of carbon film on the inner surface of growth quartz ampoule is an effective measure to prevent AgGaS2 melt conglutinate with quartz ampoule. It can prevent the impurities of quartz ampoule diffuse into the AgGaS2 melt. The anomalous thermal expansion phenomenon of the AgGaS2 crystal usually makes the growth quartz ampoule broken, and crystal crack. Double-layer quartz ampoule can solve the problem. High-quality and large-size AgGaS2 single crystal is obtained by using carbon coated and double-layer growth quartz ampoule. These methods are simple and effective.


A simple model, combining the Born approximation and classical perturbation theory, is derived for small- and moderate-angle scattering ( theta <or=60 degrees ) into all states. Agreement within 33% is obtained with close-coupling and Glauber calculations. Comparable agreement is obtained with the recoil measurements on CsF, CsCl and KI but poor agreement is found with the recent relative measurements on KI by Rudge, Trajmar and Williams (1976). Using a hard-sphere model for wide-angle scattering, simple formulae for the total and momentum-transfer cross sections into all states are derived.


Small Agricultural trade contributes significant portion to the agribusiness as it makes a total of 28% of GDP and employs about 80% of the labor force .Thus, it is among the potential areas of investment which has a positive impact on the individual and national wide economic advancement. The study aimed at analysing logistics drivers of small agricultural traders in Dodoma City. Specific objectives were to determine the contribution of innovations on the Micro agricultural trader's performance, to identify the contribution of logistics networks on the small agricultural traders' performance and to unveil challenges facing agricultural small traders' performance. Descriptive research design was adopted where the primary and secondary data were collected by using questionnaires and interview guide. Samples of the study were obtained purposively as only participants who are actively involved in agribusiness were included. The areas of study were Majengo and Sabasaba Market in Dodoma City.  Data were coded, classified and analyzed descriptively by using SPSS. The findings revealed that there is positive correlation between innovation and agribusiness performances. The use of modern communication technology, storage facilities, mechanised handling facilities, Quality transportation facilities and electronic record keeping increases the pace of business performances. Moreover, the good distribution network reduces costs, enhances fast delivery of products and maximises sales. Tight business regulations and low level of technology found to be the main stumbling blocks affecting the performance of agribusiness. The study recommends that initiatives should be placed on innovation capabilities; creating enabling business environment and revising tight business regulations such as taxes, bureaucracies and environment regulations and enhancing capacity building on technological adoption in order to eliminate the observed challenges in agribusiness operations.


In this paper, we propose efficient algorithms for result diversification over indexed multidimensional data. We develop algorithms under the prism of a centralized approach, as in a database. Specifically, we rely on widely used multidimensional indexes, like the R-tree. In principle, our schemes adopt a maximal marginal relevance (MMR) ranking strategy and leverage interchange and greedy diversification techniques. Hitherto, mostly combinatorial aspects of this problem have been considered which require scanning the entire data, and therefore, existing solutions are costly.


The purpose of this research is to find out the implementation of the 2013 curriculum in the teaching and learning process by English teachers. The researcher expects that English teachers in PGRI High School and WIDYA GRAHA High School Pekanbaru have been effective in implementing 2013 Curriculum in teaching learning English. The design of the research is a qualitative design. This research provides a description of the analysis of the application of the 2013 curriculum by English teachers in SMA PGRI and WIDYA GRAHA High School Pekanbaru. The researcher used the assessment questionnaire in the classroom and used interviews to support the data in the research process. The results of the study showed that teachers at PGRI High School Pekanbaru applied the 2013 curriculum in the classroom. Starting from preliminary activities, core activities, and closing. English teachers at SMA PGRI Pekanbaru also use media in the classroom, so students are more active when teaching and learning activities are taking place. However, the researcher saw that the English teacher in WIDYA GRAHA High School Pekanbaru were not yet effective in using the 2013 curriculum in teaching learning, due to several reasons, based on the interview in using the 2013 curriculum in WIDYA GRAHA High School was not effective, because students in the school were few, using media in the classroom also did not make students interested. Therefore in this school the explanation of the material is more focused on the teacher, even when the teacher explains it is also rare for students to ask again.


Summary. Most of the Earth's magnetic field and its secular change originate in the core. Provided the mantle can be treated as an electrical insulator, stochastic inversion enables surface observations to be analysed for the core field. A priori information about the variation of the field at the core boundary leads to very stringent conditions at the Earth's surface. The field models are identical with those derived from the method of harmonic splines (Shure, Parker & Backus) provided the a priori information is specified appropriately.

The method is applied to secular variation data from 106 magnetic observatories. Model predictions for fields at the Earth's surface have error estimates associated with them that appear realistic. For plausible choices of a priori information the error of the field at the core is unbounded, but integrals over patches of the core surface can have finite errors. The hypothesis that magnetic fields are frozen to the core fluid implies that certain integrals of the secular variation vanish. This idea is tested by computing the integrals and their standard and maximum errors. Most of the integrals are within one standard deviation of zero, but those over the large patches to the north and south of the magnetic equator are many times their standard error, because of the dominating influence of the decaying dipole. All integrals are well within their maximum error, indicating that it will be possible to construct core fields, consistent with frozen flux, that satisfy the observations.


The work is devoted to the modeling of acoustic waves in multi-layered structures surrounded by a fluid and consisting of different kinds of materials including piezoelectric materials and composite multilayers. It consists of three parts. The first part describes the modeling of an acoustic sensor by the finite element method. The existence and uniqueness of a time-harmonic solution are rigorously established under physically appropriate assumptions. The convergence of Ritz-Galerkin solutions to the exact solution is proved. The second part of the work describes a semi-analytical method for the fast calculation of dispersion relations for plane acoustic waves in multi-layered structures. The software implementing this approach is presented. The third part investigates a number of issues of the homogenization theory for linear systems of elasticity. The limiting equations are rigorously derived by the two-scale method and an error estimate is established. For the case of laminated structures, an explicit formula for the elasticity tensor of the homogenized material is derived.


Collective surface excitations in alkali-metal overlayers are observed using photoyield spectroscopy. Spectra for Na and K on Al(111) reveal a multipole surface plasmon and bulklike overlayer plasmon. In contrast, Li on Al exhibits only the multipole mode. In the submonolayer regime, all three alkali metals provide evidence for the threshold excitation. Time-dependent density-functional calculations for realistic alkali-metal overlayers agree well with these observations.


In this paper the pseudo-primeness of meromorphic functions of infinite order is disscossed in detail and quite a few result are obtained,which ae improvments of that of Ozawa.


Don't stop me if you've already heard this: when I was in library school and computers were just beginning to show up in libraries, a professor predicted that within ten years all libraries would be filled with computers. My response: "Not in a library where I work; I love books." Once I had my first professional library position and began seeing the enthusiastic way teens interact with technology in the library, I did a 180. I realized the library wasn't about what I thought teens should use; it was about how I could help teens successfully use the increasing variety of tools and resources that would make positive contributions to their lives. I knew I needed to get some more education. I needed to learn why teens gravitate to technology and how I as a librarian could support their technology needs and interests. I also wanted to find examples of ways that teens and librarians were already using technology and use those as jumping-off points for programs and services in the library where I worked. In those early days of technology integration in teen library services, the research, models and best practices were limited. There were no Teen Tech Weeks, no e-chats, no webinars, no blogs, no wikis. As I think back on this, I can't help being envious, but inspired, by the many technology tools, resources, and methods of support that YALSA provides to its members. Think about it: * The first Wednesday of each month, YALSA sponsors an e-chat on a topic of interest to librarians who work with teens. These real-time conversations give participants an opportunity to talk with peers about a popular topic or new trend and get feedback on ideas, successes, and challenges. * The YALSA blog covers a wide range of topics from news about YALSA and its activities to trends in programming and services for adolescents. Each month, the blog receives about fourteen thousand hits. It's a resource for finding out what's going on and conversing with others about libraries and teens. * Audio and video have proven to be a great way for YALSA to share information with members. For example, podcasts on YALSA's financial health were produced when there was a downturn in the U.S. economy. Over the past few years YALSA has also published podcast interviews with award-winning authors and conversations about diversity in the library. Audio and video are also a way that YALSA briefs those who can't attend conferences and meetings. …


The invention provides a low-acid and efficient diesel antiwear additive and a preparation method thereof, comprising a specific preparation technology and six specific material components. Material (A) is at least one component of amide; material (B) is at least one component of amine oiliness improver; material (C) is at least one component of ester oiliness improver; material (D) is at least one antirust additive; material (E) is at least one demulsifier; and material (F) is at least one organic solvent. The antiwear additive prepared by the above components has the characteristics of goodantiwear effect, low acid and the like; the abrasion resistance is greatly improved by adding low sulphur diesel and no adverse effect is exerted on the quality indexes. The raw material components of the invention can be bought in commodity markets; and the production technology is simple and feasible.


(57) Abstract: The present invention, from the charge of one or more precursors comprising one or more organic precursors, either alone or mixed metal oxide, or a manufacturing method of a product in which the silicon oxide-based about, these oxides can be for example Ti, Al, Mg, Th, Si, Ba, etc. Bc or Zr is. The method, from the reaction medium by reducing the pressure of the supercritical CO


The history of distance learning, traditionally a peripheral university activity, is briefly traced. The advent, first of the British Open University with its renovated philosophy of distance learning, and then of the new information and communication technologies and their application to distance education, has led to a revalorization of open and distance education. These technologies are rapidly blurring the distinction between traditional higher education and distance learning. Various techniques of distance learning are described, particularly the electronic classroom and the electronic library. These techniques, based as they are on text transmission, stand to improve the reading comprehension and writing skills of students even as they make radical changes in the positions, relative to one another, of students and teachers. At the same time, the ease of electronic writing may lead to a decrease in required intellectual rigour, chat rooms producing chatter rather than serious ideas. Also, the economi...


Approximate minimum energy reaction paths have been calculated for two thioketone–enethiol tautomeric systems using an ab initio SCF–MO method. The calculations indicate nearly equal stabil ties of the isolated tautomers in both systems and an energy barrier of ca. 85 kcal/mol for their interconversion. This barrier is expected to be significantly lower in solution as a result of solvent–solute interactions.


Author(s): Frazer, WR; Ingber, L; Mehta, CH; Poon, CH; Silverman, D; Stowe, K; Ting, PD; Yesian, HJ | Abstract: Hadronic multiparticle reactions at very high energies are reviewed with emphasis on current theoretical pictures and models. © 1972 The American Physical Society.


Nowadays, the use of chatbots in industry and education has increased substantially. Building the chatbot system using traditional methods less effective than the applied of machine learning (ML) methods. Before chatbot based on finite-state, rule-base, knowledgebase, etc, but these methods still exist limitation. Recently, thanks to the advancement in natural language processing (NLP) and neural network (NN), conversational AI systems have made significant progress in many tasks such as intent classification, entity extraction, sentiment analysis, etc. In this paper, we implemented a Vietnamese chatbot that is capable of understanding natural language. It can generate responses, take actions to the user and remember the context of the conversation. We used Rasa platform for building chatbot and proposed an approach using custom pipeline for NLU model. In our work, we applied the pre-trained models FastText and multilingual BERT and two custom components for the pipelines. We evaluated and compared our proposed model with existing ones using the predefined NLU pipeline. Experimental comparison of three models showed that the proposed model performed better in intent classification and entity extraction. Keywords—Vietnamese chatbot, RASA NLU, pipeline, Rasa custom components


Abstract The relationship between body size, anaerobic capacity, and white muscle acid-base and metabolite status was examined for two sizes of brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis and largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides. Resting muscle lactate, pH, HCO3 −, and partial pressure of carbon dioxide (Pco2) were size-independent in brook trout. After exercise, however, there was a significant positive relationship between the accumulation of both lactate and metabolic protons and body size in brook trout. In addition, there was a significant size-dependent decrease in postexercise muscle pH, with larger trout experiencing a more severe drop in muscle pH. In contrast, the postexercise changes in muscle HCO3 − and Pco2 remained size-independent in trout. Having observed that anaerobic capacity (i.e., lactate production) apparently was affected by body size in trout, we measured the concentrations of two other anaerobic energy reserves—phosphocreatine (PCr) and ATP—in trout white muscle before and after exercise. ...


Recording head (16) forms a regular pattern of image swaths on the recording medium (17). Regular pattern of image features includes a first set of image features to be formed with an imaging parameter set to a first predetermined value (60A), different from the second to the first predetermined value and a second set of image features to be formed with an imaging parameters set to a predetermined value (60B). Image feature in the first set and the second set is disposed on the recording medium has a sub-scan spatial frequency equal to a non-integer multiple of the sub-scan spatial frequency of the image swaths. Scanner (40) generates a data (47) of the scanning pattern, the first integer multiple of the sampling spatial frequency used by the scanner, the sub-scan spatial frequency of the first set and the second set of image features first equal to 2 integer multiples. Data is analyzed to determine a quantitative value representing the banding between the first and second sets, the imaging parameter on the basis of the quantitative value is adjusted.


In this paper, based on the formulated BISQ model including the Biot-flow and squirt-flow mechanism simultaneously, the elastic wave propagation in the isotropic porous medium filled with fluids is simulated by the staggered grid finite difference method. The perfectly matched layer method and the flux-corrected transport method are used to eliminate the effect of boundary reflection and numerical dispersion effect. The results of numerical simulation demonstrate that the method is effective.


In this article Matchett suggests that the periodic hallucination of a dead loved one by nonpsychotic Hopi women reflects a level of unconscious experience which has become all but nonexistent in EuroAmerican culture except in psychotics. Matchett gives a brief ethnographic and historical description of the Hopi, a numerically small, isolated, desert Pueblo Indian group. The author suggests that the fact of this isolation, embedded within other Indian groups and the dominant U.S. culture, may well have aided the development of intense interest in intrapsychic phenomena among the Hopi. He pre-


ABSTRACT Background Effective analgesia after cardiac surgery contributes to fast recovery, and discharge from the critical care unit. Aim: This study was conducted to evaluate PECS II block for controlling post-sternotomy pain in pediatric population in ultrafast track cardiac surgery. Methods In this double-blind, randomized control trial, 40 children, 1–5 years old, underwent cardiac surgery via median sternotomy, Group (A) control: Analgesics were administered intravenously. Group (B): received 0.25% bupivacaine at 0.5 ml/kg divided equally to both sides for PECS block. Results PECS group had lower median Modified Objective Pain Score (MOPS) immediately, two, four, and 6 h postoperatively. PECS group had lower median fentanyl utilization by 35% than the control group with median utilization of 2.72 (95% CI 2.490–2.960) mic/kg/in the first 24 hours in contrast to 4.17 (95% CI 3.834–4.516) mic/kg/in the first 24 hours in the control group (P < 0.001). First rescue analgesia was later in PECS group compared to the control group with median time (7 hours) and (2 hours), respectively. Furthermore, Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Agitation (PAED) score was lower in the intervention group with median 9.5 and 12 in the control group (P < 0.001). PECS group had shorter ICU stay than the control group (P < 0.05), with mean ICU stay 52 hours (95% CI 43.522–62.378) compared to 80.40 hours (95% CI 64.310–96.490). Conclusion PECS block is an efficient technique that can be implemented as an integral part of fast-track cardiac surgery.


The invention discloses a parking brake control method applied to an automatic gearbox. An electronic parking brake system is adopted and is used for receiving signals of a gear shifting position selecting device of the automatic gearbox, when the gear is in a parking gear (gear P), the electronic parking brake system identifies the parking slope of a vehicle according to state signals of the vehicle, under the condition that the slope is greater, a parking executing mechanism can be automatically controlled for parking, and the safe parking of the vehicle is ensured. The parking brake control method is used as an advanced parking brake technology, states of the vehicle and the control intension of a driver can be automatically identified, the parking is automatically carried out, the driving convenience is improved, in addition, the driver can be assisted to start on a slope road, the sliding risk in the starting process is avoided, and the driving safety is improved.


Global governments are shifting their focus from incentives toward electric-vehicle production to legislation that will push the changeover from internal-combustion vehicles, and China is leading the way.


This article discusses the impact of social capital on the social development of a community. As the concept of social capital strengthens its position in development, this is also a good time to examine its practical implications in development, in this case, as it relates to the empowerment of women in water management decisions.


Anaerobic treatment is recognized as a viable treatment option, when compared to energy consuming aerobic process, for a variety of industrial wastes. A preliminary study was conducted with tannery and dairy effluents by anaerobic batch digestion to evaluate their amenability for biomethanation. Tannery effluent is found to be rich in organic matter and volatile solid concentration


The use of Electronic nose (E-nose) technology for detection of bacteria such as Escherichia Coli (E.Coli) has several practical advantages over current laboratory procedures, such as lower cost and reduced testing time. utilized in all these three neural models for optimization. Results indicate that separation between groups can be achieved. Classification accuracy is compared for all procedures and MLP found to exhibit the best performance with the architecture structure as 12-8-3 with Levenberg-Marquardt learning procedure. The overall classification rate, with specificity (correct normal) of 100% and sensitivity (correct abnormal) of 100% was obtained.


This study examines the influence of students' perception on gender enrolment pattern into NCE technical education Ramat polytechnic Maiduguri. The study adopted survey design. A sample of 64 respondents was selected at random to represent the population of 246 students of technical department, structured questionnaire was used for data collection and data on students were retrieved from reliable records within the polytechnic. Data collected were analyzed and presented using bar chart, frequency count and percentage. The finding of the study revealed that there is low enrolment of female students for the past three years, a number of students perception on the causes of gender enrolment disparity were also identified as female students don't apply for NCE tech, female students are not capable of performing woodwork, building and electrical practical, female students are better in theory than practical and calculations, NCE Tech is a difficult course and un-stability in character of female students. It was recommended that the institution should create awareness on the presence of the NCE tech in the polytechnic and organize an induction/training exercise on the programme and its importance to the students and society in general so as to encourage the female folks to enroll into the programme.


The properly adjusted a second holding portion for holding the horizontal position of the first holding portion and a second substrate held by the first substrate, the bonding process is carried out properly between the substrates. Bonding device 41, and the upper chuck (140) for holding the upper wafer (W The upper imaging unit 151 is provided with an infrared camera.


Thanks to innovative driving schemes, this new IC automatically adjusts the power supply and voltage pre‐charge as required, during the whole panel life span. Embedded OTP memory allows various adjustments, such as white balance, to be easily programmed and internal parameters can be adjusted and stored for greater precision. Perfectly fitting application requirements, this IC contributes to the improvement of display quality, reliability, and the reduction of manufacturing cost.


Taking into account the structure—activity relationship established previously for imidazobenzimidazole derivatives with high hemorheological activity, several new 9-R-2-halogenophenyl-substituted imidazo[1,2-a]benzimidazoles with C 2 fluoro-, chloro-, dichloro-, or bromo-phenyl radicals have been synthesized. All substances were tested in vitro for various types of pharmacological activity characteristic of this class of drugs including hemorheological, antiplatelet, antiarrhythmic, antioxidant; 5-HT 2 -, 5-HT 3 -, P2Y 1 -, and H 1 -antagonist; and -opioid-agonist.


Best known for its work in developing new strains of rice, the latest initiative of International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) represents a significant change in direction. IRRI launched its programme called Reaching Toward Optimal Productivity in Intensive Rice Systems in 1994. Phase III of the programme is now well under way, and is paying particular attention to increasing the effectiveness of the nutrients applied by rice farmers. David Hayes describes the progress so far.


The process of isotopic fractionation during freezing in the riverine environment is discussed with reference to a multi‐year isotope sampling survey conducted in the Liard–Mackenzie River Basins, northwestern Canada. Systematic isotopic patterns are evident in cores of congelation ice (black ice) obtained from rivers and from numerous tributaries that are recognized as primary streamflow signals but with isotope offsets close to the equilibrium ice–water fractionation. The results, including comparisons with the isotopic composition of fall and spring streamflow measured directly in water samples, suggest that isotopic shifts during ice‐on occur due to gradual changes in the fraction of flow derived from groundwater, surface water and precipitation sources during the fall to winter recession. Low flow isotopic signatures during ice‐on suggest a predominantly groundwater‐fed regime during late winter, whereas low flow isotopic signatures during ice‐off reflect a mixed groundwater‐, surface water‐ and precipitation‐fed regime during late fall. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Community participation has long been viewed as an important tenet of tourism planning, and there is general consensus among researchers that engaging all stakeholder groups contributes to tourism sustainability. However, there are gaps in the literature, and challenges in practice, that call for further research. Among these are the dynamics of heterogeneous community groups and that not all community subgroups have equal opportunity to participate in tourism planning. This paper attempts to advance community participation by drawing on progressive approaches to stakeholder theory in the management field and by exploring, for the first time, the engagement of immigrants in tourism planning as fringe stakeholders, representative of present and future community dynamics. Bringing first generation immigrants as an important but less studied segment within the broader host community into focus moves tourism planning toward a more inclusive approach to community engagement, reflecting increased diversity and change in host communities.


: Resource limited settings in the world continue to face neonatal complications at birth like umbilical cord infections which poses a greater risk of neonatal morbidity and mortality. The enormous impact is felt in low-income countries, hence, need for further research. At birth, the neonate is vulnerable due to the delicate skin which can be easily damaged by microorganisms. There are various sources of contamination of the umbilicus by microbes especially bacteria from the birth canal and contact with the caregivers. Facility contamination by microbes for instance, Staphylococcal organisms are inevitably the commonest found to be the leading contaminants. The research team compiled a questionnaire that was used with an estimated period between 12 to 15 minutes. Mothers were allowed to ask any doubts from the questions during the time of data collection and were told to dial the team members on the separation day of the cord. Statistically, p-value of (0.05) was considered and taken as a benchmark for the level of significance. Study participants age extended between 18 to 43 years (mean of 28.4±5.04 years). 80.5% of the mothers were housewives and 97.1 of the mothers reside in the city, 94.6% of them claimed that they have taken tetanus vaccination. Caesarean section has been observed to prolong umbilical cord separation among infants compared to those delivered via other modes. This is attributable to less microbes found on the newborns skin especially through cesarean section. In reference to this study findings, the frequency of umbilicus wetness affects the cord separation, for example bathing the neonate or applying a wet towel to wipe the infant's body when compared to other studies whereby it was found out that the drier the umbilical cord the faster it separates. This study has been convicted that elimination of wetness on the neonate's umbilical cord enhances faster detachment as well as control of infections and therefore, recommends the application of the concept dry care as an effective way for cord care.


Developing processes to controllably dope transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) is critical to achieving commercially viability for optical and electrical applications. In this study, molecular reductants and oxidants are introduced onto a series of monolayer TMDs, specifically MoS2, WS2, MoSe2, and WSe2. Doping was achieved by exposing the TMD surface to solutions of pentamethylrhodocene dimer as the molecular reductant (n-dopant) and "Magic Blue," [N(C6H4-p-Br)3]SbCl6, as the molecular oxidant (p-dopant). Current-voltage characteristics of TMD-based field-effect transistors show that, regardless of their initial transport behavior, all four TMDs can be used in either por n-channel devices when appropriately doped. The extent of doping can be conveniently controlled by varying the concentration of dopant solutions and treatment time, and, in some cases, both non-degenerate and degenerate regimes are accessible.


PURPOSE: To enhance the contrast ratio and readability of an EL display element under the solar beam by incorporating an optical member in the display element. CONSTITUTION: At least one of the optical members 12, 14, 16, 18 has at least one separate film 30, 32, 34, 36 having partial absorptiveness for the visible rays, and the spectral reflectance and spectral absorptance of an EL element 1 are changed by combining the thicknesses and materials of approx. transparent films 20, 22, 24, 26 of the members 12, 14, 16, 18 and the films 30, 32, 34, 36 absorbing the light partially with the thickness and material of each layer of photoelectric members 2, 8, 10. Thereby the reflectance of the EL element for the peripheral light advancing to the person, for example viewing in the X-direction or Z-direction, is decreased further by the optical interfering absorption of the light caused by the optical interferential films 30, 32, 34, 36 which absorb the light partially. COPYRIGHT: (C)1990,JPO


Leaf area is an essential growth trait for plants throughout their lifespan. However, how to calculate the area effectively, non-destructive, and cheaper is a complex task, which needs more study. In this paper, we explore the leaf area estimation problem using image processing methods. We develop software which integrates the proposed segmentation algorithm and area estimation model. First we collect and construct a dataset with 200 images, which contains leaf images with different shooting heights and environment. Then, we utilize a CNN network, Resnet, to segment the leaves, for images with a complex backgrounds, a bounding-box formed by extreme points is used to focus on the leaf of interest. After obtaining the leaf, we explored the relationship between pixels and area, and finally estimate the leaf area. Experimental results show that our proposed framework outperforms other state-of-the-art algorithms in terms of image segmentation. These promising outcomes will benefit plant physiological and agronomic studies to better understand plant growth status and provide insights that will enable them to elucidate competition among different plant species, predict crop yield, and assist decision-making.


ME Composites of y(Ni0.5Zn0.3Co0.2Fe2O4)+(1-y) (BaTiO3) with y = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 were prepared by standard double sintering method. The interfaces play very important roles in the dielectric properties, causing space charge effects and Maxwell-Wagner relaxation, particularly at low frequencies. The presence of ferrite and ferroelectric phases without any impurity was confirmed by X-ray diffraction. Because of the hysteresis nature, the ME effect the composites may find applications in memory devices such as ME data storage and switching. In the present work, the possibility of forming ferroelectric-ferromagnetic ceramics has been investigated. The Dielectric constants as a function of frequency were studied for different compositions. The loss tangent as a function of frequency was studied for different compositions. The combined ferroelectric and magnetic ordering will result in magneto-electric coupling in this material; further investigations are necessary which may throw light on improvement in the product properties. Keywords: XRD, SEM, Dielectric constant, loss tangent


With the deepening of China's electricity market reform, the diversity of combined heat and power (CHP) units participating in the energy market has greatly increased. To maximize the profit of CHP units, an optimal generation bidding strategy for deep peak regulation ancillary service market is proposed. Firstly, the uncertainty of loads is modelled with the Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) method. Secondly, in order to obtain the period when CHP units obtain higher profits in deep peak regulation ancillary service market, the first stage dispatch model is established. Thirdly, queueing method is applied to clear the ancillary service market. Then the clearing amount and price of the market are used to determine the bidding capacities of CHP units in the market. Finally, the second stage dispatch model and algorithm are established to maximize the operating profit of the target units. The proposed model and techniques are validated through case study.


Summary. The present paper gives an introduction to fundamental pathologic features of various diseases of the peripheral nervous system, such as Wallerian degeneration, axonal degeneration, segmental degeneration, primary impairment of the endoneural interstitium. It is based on electron-microscope analysis. The range of reactions available to the peripheral nervous system is limited; thus noxious influences of various etiologies will act via largely common pathogenic mechanisms to produce similar morphologic changes.


In a steel structural design then to assemble the elements for the sake of elements into a truss or frame Portal Where the connection , then the unifying element for the element that will be linked by a connection system. is composed of a variety of systems to make further calculations must be able to assume a connection and transfer the forces acting style with secondary styles caused. Consists of three types of connections in the steel connection system, the connection joints, semi-rigid connections and rigid connection. A study of its rigid connection angle is also determined by the amount of work that occurs when the force moment, which caused the rotation angle. This is discussed in the article about the semi-rigid connection type in only part Flanged Research Cantilever beams are connected to the column flange rigid. Ekspriment then performed with modules that have been pre-planned and carried out the experiment of loading. Then the results of the experiment would result in the displacement of Out Put converted into a corner. Where according Stiffness Method, Style Moments = Stiffness x Velocity Angle, in order to obtain the amount of stiffness compared to the stiffness of the joints of the cantilever beam for EI / L. Also validated by the calculation of the theoretical connection stiffness. We then obtain the result, that's the stiffness of the cantilever beam modules .


The structural and magnetic properties of the quasi-ternary MnFeP_(0.5)As_(0.5-x)Ge_x compounds with x=0,0.06,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4 and 0.5 are investigated by means of X-ray diffraction,differential scanning calorimetry and magnetization measurements.For the whole substitution range of Ge for As,the compounds retain the Fe_2P-type structure.With increasing Ge concentration,the Curie temperature shifts from room temperature to 570 K.


Introduction: society and orthography 1. Approaching orthography 2. Orthography as social practice 3. Language contact, linguists and the emergence of orthographies 4. 'Postcolonial' orthographies 5. Between language and dialect: orthography in unstandardised and standardising vernaculars 6. Reform or revolution: where angels fear to tread 7. Why do we spell?


In public debate higher levels of self-employment among some ethnic communities are often celebrated as a manifestation of success. Regional economic development is a long-standing issue in British public policy, with the South-Eastern regions of England enjoying greater long-run prosperity than Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland and the other parts of England. The regional distribution of five entrepreneurial minorities in England and Wales is described. We test hypotheses derived from the middleman minority theory and the ethnic enclave model and find that self-employment in these groups is inversely related to minority share in the regional economically active population. The sectoral diversity of minority enterprises is positively related to their share in the regional economically active population.


This paper addresses the contradictions between the speeches of Seccion Femenina of Falange and their practices. It is centered on analyzing the speeches aimed at the falangist to connect to the activities carried out for they. To do this, it has been sampled of women that since 1934 to 1958, held the office of Provincial Delegates of Madrid; being the main sources used their personal files.


An order of magnitude estimation of the oxygen density is carried out in a helium plasma produced by a small linear theta pinch from the absolute intensity measurements in a VUV (vacuum ultraviolet) wavelength region using a grazing incidence spectrometer absolutely calibrated by the branching ratio method. The corona model is used for the analysis, and its applicability is discussed to this plasma in terms of the electron temperature and density which are estimated from the measurements in the VUV wavelength region. The ratio of total oxygen density to the electron density is about 0.02% in a discharge of helium gas of 99.9% purity. The origin of the oxygen atoms is discussed.


An analysis of input-matching and noise and linearity is presented,which follows up a method to upgrade the general performance of Low Noise Amplifier.Noise optimization is taken on by software and a 5.8 GHz all-on-chip Low Noise Amplifier in 0.18 μm CMOS technology is presented.With the measurement data of inductors applied by the Foundry,parameter extraction is carried on for these inductors.An accurate on-chip inductors model is realized for the circuit simulation.The result is that the total circuit's power consumption is 13 mW,the power gain is 14 dB,the noise figure is 2.05 dB,and the linearity performance is the IIP3 of-1 dBm.


The paper reports on research that has been executed by LMS internally. The aim was to investigate the use of these multi-physics models for the identification of the overall reliability of a system architecture based on the reliability or mean-time-to-failure (MTTF) of its individual components. Therefore, a methodology was developed that is based on a stochastic approach and was demonstrated and validated with a prototype implementation based on system simulations in LMS Imagine.Lab AMESim. The results indicate with a sufficient number of simulation runs, the results convert to the theoretical results. A case study of a simplified aircraft electrical network demonstrated that also control logic can be taken into account while the simulation time is still acceptable.


This paper proposes a new watermarking method for digital image by composing the DWT-QIM based embedding with visual secret sharing (VSS) method. Firstly, the watermark image is separated into $n$ shares by using the $k-out-of-n$ method, called $(k,n)$ visual secret sharing. One of share is employed in order to embed into the original image for copyright protection. Another $(n-1)$ of shares are registered with Vietnam Copyright Department. When the dispute happens, the verifier can extract the watermark information from the watermarked image, then, decode it with $(k-1)$ shares chosen from $(n-1)$ shares to achieve the copyright information. Our experimental results show that our proposed method works efficiently on the digital images.


We extend the holomorphic analytic torsion classes of Bismut and K\"ohler to arbitrary projective morphisms between smooth algebraic complex varieties. To this end, we propose an axiomatic definition and give a classification of the theories of generalized holomorphic analytic torsion classes for arbitrary projective morphisms.


Games are strategic planning tools that have proven especially useful in international conflict situations. A war game begins with a defined scenario and evolves through a series of actions to a final situation or outcome. Individuals or teams simulate key decisions by national leaders in a role-playing environment. Meanwhile, an objective, independent team acts as a referee, setting up the initial scenario and adjudicating the play turn by turn. The result is not a prediction of the future but rather a plausible, perhaps even likely, outcome that can be of great value in planning and forecasting.


Background: Radiography is the most frequently used supporting examinations in the medical field, especially in dentistry. The use of radiography is important for establishing a diagnosis and further treatment. This radiographic imaging technique can produces radiation that can cause both ionizing and non-ionizing effects. Ionizing effects are divided into two, stochastic effects and deterministic effects, these effects can cause biological damage. These effects need to be known pre-clinical and clinical students as an act to prevention. Objective: To compare the level of knowledge of pre-clinical and clinical students regarding the dangers of radiation exposure at RSGM-P Universitas Trisakti. Methods: Respondents in this study were 100 pre-clinical and clinical students consisting of 50 pre-clinical students who had taken module 412 (Supporting Examination for Diagnostics) and 50 clinical students at RSGM-P Universitas Trisakti using a questionnaire by distributing via the google link forms. Results: The Mann-Whitney test showed a significant difference in knowledge of the dangers of radiation exposure between pre-clinical students 45.3% and the clinic students 54.7%. Conclusion: There is a difference in the level of knowledge between pre-clinical and clinical students at RSGM-P Universitas Trisakti regarding the dangers of radiation exposure.


ing with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from email@example.com. © 2020 Association for Computing Machinery. 2577-3224/2020/05-ART13 $15.00 https://doi.org/10.1145/3385188 ACM/IMS Transactions on Data Science, Vol. 1, No. 2, Article 13. Publication date: May 2020. 13:2 M. Nashaat et al. large training datasets [1], the cost of labeling these datasets has become a significant expense for businesses and large organizations. In real-world settings, domain experience is usually required to accomplish or at least supervise such labeling processes; this makes the process of obtaining large-scale hand-labeled training data prohibitively expensive. For these reasons, several researchers [2–7] have proposed techniques to generate training data with minimal annotation effort. One approach that aims at generating labeled datasets at scale is weak supervision [2]. In weak supervision, practitioners turn to noisy labels [3], which are programmatically generated using cheaper annotation sources such as crowdsourcing [4], external knowledge bases [5], and user-defined heuristics [6]. Previous research [6–9] has shown that weak supervision can produce less-than-ideal training datasets at a large scale for a wide range of applications. These labels can then be used to train many complex machine learning models, such as deep learning. Alternatively, other well-studied techniques rely on semisupervised learning [10, 11]. Semisupervised techniques exploit a small labeled set to derive assumptions about the data structure and leverage a larger unlabeled dataset. For this purpose, some techniques [11] employ the concept of generative models to utilize the unlabeled data and learn the data representation. Generative models produce samples after learning the underlying data distribution; these samples can then be used as training labels for discriminative models. On the other hand, active learning (AL) [7] is a special kind of semisupervised learning that has been used for decades to achieve a high level of classification accuracy while optimizing the annotation cost. In AL settings, instead of manually labeling an entire dataset, an algorithm iteratively selects the most valuable points to classify and asks the user to only label these points. Although AL does not aim at producing labeled datasets, it helps in reducing the annotation cost while building machine learning models that generalize beyond the training data. A closer look at these labeling techniques, however, reveals several gaps and shortcomings [12–16]. On the one hand, since cheaper annotation methods are used in weak supervision, these sources are expected to overlap and conflict, which affects the quality of the resulting labels [12]. To estimate the level of noise in the generated labels, previous studies introduce the data programming (DP) paradigm [2, 12], which uses generative models to integrate the outcome of multiple weak supervision. Nevertheless, the uncertainty levels originating from these weak sources can complicate the process of learning the structure of these generative models [12]. Moreover, these approaches require users to design a set of user-defined heuristics [6] to encode their domain experience, which can be an expensive and time-consuming process [13]. On the other hand, active learning can be expensive when applied to high-dimensional datasets [14]. In pool-based settings [17], the active learner performs an iterative process to choose one or more points from an unlabeled pool to query the user in each iteration. This iterative process involves ranking all the points in the unlabeled pool, selecting the points for which true labels should be provided, training a model, and evaluating its performance using a held-out test set. Therefore, any imbalance between the sizes of the unlabeled pool and the labeled dataset can affect the time complexity of the process and increase the annotation cost [14]. Moreover, other studies [15, 16] show that in situations where the unlabeled data points cannot be entirely separated, active learning does not provide much superiority over passive learning. To overcome some of these challenges, we propose Asterisk, a framework to generate highquality training datasets at scale. An overview of the system is presented in Figure 1. As shown in the figure, instead of relying on the end-users to write user-defined heuristics, the proposed approach exploits a small set of labeled data and automatically produces a set of heuristics (weak supervision sources) to assign initial labels. In this phase, the system applies an iterative process of creating, testing, and ranking heuristics in each and every iteration to only accommodate high-quality heuristics. Then, Asterisk examines the disagreements between these heuristics to ACM/IMS Transactions on Data Science, Vol. 1, No. 2, Article 13. Publication date: May 2020. Asterisk: Generating Large Training Datasets with Automatic Active Supervision 13:3 Fig. 1. An overview of the proposed system. model their accuracies. To enhance the quality of the generated labels, the framework improves the accuracies of the heuristics by applying a novel data-driven AL process. During the process, the system examines the generated weak labels along with the modeled accuracies of the heuristics to help the learner decide on the points for which the user should provide true labels. The process aims at enhancing the accuracy and the coverage of the training data while engaging the user in the loop to execute the enhancement process. Therefore, by incorporating the underlying data representation, the user is only queried about the points that are expected to enhance the overall labeling quality. Then, the true labels provided by the users are used to refine the initial labels generated by the heuristics. As the figure shows, the refinement process can be repeated to further enhance the quality of the generated labels. Finally, the framework examines the refined labels and outputs a set of probabilistic labels that can be used to train any downstream classifier. A prototype implementation of the proposed framework is available at https://github.ibm.com/Mona-Nashaat-Ali-Elmowafy/Asterisk. To evaluate the proposed method, we compare its performance with the performances of four state-of-the-art techniques including data programming [2], automated weak supervision [13], and traditional active learning strategies [17]. During the experiments, we report the labeling accuracy, annotation cost, and performance of the end model trained with the generated labels. The primary contributions of this research can be summarized as follows: • An end-to-end labeling framework is proposed to create high-quality, large-scale training datasets. We describe the architecture of the proposed system, which includes a novel process of automatic generation of labeling heuristics instead of relying on the end-user to manually define the weak sources. • We propose a data-driven active learning process to enhance the accuracy of the generated weak labels. The process learns the selection policy while taking the distribution of the underlying data and the labeling confidence to optimize user engagement. • We applied a comprehensive set of experiments to evaluate the proposed method against state-of-the-art techniques. The experimental evaluation explores a wide range of domains with 10 datasets that vary in size and dimensionality with a maximum size of 11M records. We also use a real-world business dataset of 1.5M records provided by our industrial partner, IBM. The experiments also include a micro-benchmarking to evaluate the individual components of the proposed approach. The remainder of the article is structured as follows: Section 2 presents the background related to this research. Section 3 states, in detail, the design of the proposed solution. Section 4 presents ACM/IMS Transactions on Data Science, Vol. 1, No. 2, Article 13. Publication date: May 2020. 13:4 M. Nashaat et al. the performed experiments and reports the obtained results. Section 5 discusses related work, and Section 6 concludes the article.


Monitoring performance of heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) during building operation enables to evaluate the appropriateness of the system's design. Such insights can help to reduce energy consumption while ensuring satisfying indoor conditions in the monitored building. Additionally, such insight can help to improve future HVAC design. The aim of this paper is to present a case study demonstrating how HVAC engineers can evaluate whether the monitored air-handling units (AHUs) were appropriately sized and performed as intended based on design requirements regarding energy-efficiency, thermal conditions, and indoor air quality (IAQ). Three months of measurements of airflow, electrical power, indoor temperature, and CO2-concentrations were collected from an office building with six AHUs. The results showed that three of the AHUs were appropriately sized and satisfied the thermal condition, IAQ and energy-efficiency requirements. The remaining three AHUs were apparently appropriately sized and satisfied IAQ requirements, but they did not satisfy the required energy-efficiency and thermal conditions. The applied approach seemed to be suitable for supporting building operating managers for on-going performance monitoring as it was able to identify discrepancies from intended performance. But it remains the task for the operating personnel to identify the cause of the identified discrepancies.


It is generally considered a semi-aquatic annual grass. About 20 species of the genus Oryza are recognized, but almost all cultivated rice belongs to Oryza sativa (L). Because of its long history of cultivation and selection under diverse environments, Oryza sativa has acquired a broad range of adaptability and tolerance so that it can be grown in a wide range of water/soil regimens from deeply flooded land to dry hilly slopes. In India, it is grown in an area of 43.9 m.ha with a production of 99.24 m t and productivity of 2494 kg ha -1 . In Andhra Pradesh, it is grown in an area of 2.152 m.ha with a production of 8.05 m.t and productivity of 3741 kg ha -1 . (Ministry of Agriculture, Govt of India, 2018-19).


AIA observation of the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability in the solar corona in the 2010 April 8 event was reportedby Ofman & Thompson (2010, 2011). Foullon et al. (2011), which was published prior to Ofman & Thompson (2011), claimed thedetection of the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability in a later event (2010 November 3), and should have been cited in Ofman & Thompson(2011).REFERENCES


INTRODUCTION QUADRUPLETS were born in Westminster Hospital on the night of 12th/ 13th September, 1950. Recent publicity suggests that cases of quadruplets are becoming more frequent but the natural incidence remains at approximately the cube of that of twin pregnancies, i.e., about 1 : 600,000 births. Further to this, uniovular quadruplets are extremely rare. There are now 4 surviving sets of " quads " in Britain; those associated now with the place names St. Neots. Bristol, Edmonton, and Westminster. Those of St. Neots and Edmonton are both 3 boys and a girl, those of Bristol and Westminster are both all girls. Of these 4 sets, however, the Westminster set is the only example of uniovular quadruplets. It is realized that the danger of pre-eclampsia in twin pregnancies is about 4 times as great as in single pregnancies. Similarly premature onset of labour is more common quite apart from other obstetric complications. How much greater these dangers are with a quadruple pregnancy may well be appreciated. They largely explain why such a pregnancy is liable to early termination with failure of the infants to survive through prematurity and infection. Should there be any difficulty in determining the date of the last menstruaI period, then later in pregnancy the maturity of the foetuses can only be estimated by radiography.


Significance There is great interest in robotic systems that can substitute for humans and replicate human actions. "Microrobotics" describes robotic systems that have submillimeter (sub-mm) dimensions, which is becoming increasingly important for the manipulation and analysis of individual cells and groups of cells. Here we introduce the optoelectronic microrobot, a system in which projected patterns of light are applied to control electric fields. Specially designed microrobots respond to the fields, and can be programmed to move and "scoop up" mammalian cells or other sub-mm particles such that they can be isolated and evaluated independently. The technique is straightforward to implement, and we propose will find wide use for the ever-expanding list of applications that require micromanipulation of cells. Microrobotics extends the reach of human-controlled machines to submillimeter dimensions. We introduce a microrobot that relies on optoelectronic tweezers (OET) that is straightforward to manufacture, can take nearly any desirable shape or form, and can be programmed to carry out sophisticated, multiaxis operations. One particularly useful program is a serial combination of "load," "transport," and "deliver," which can be applied to manipulate a wide range of micrometer-dimension payloads. Importantly, microrobots programmed in this manner are much gentler on fragile mammalian cells than conventional OET techniques. The microrobotic system described here was demonstrated to be useful for single-cell isolation, clonal expansion, RNA sequencing, manipulation within enclosed systems, controlling cell–cell interactions, and isolating precious microtissues from heterogeneous mixtures. We propose that the optoelectronic microrobotic system, which can be implemented using a microscope and consumer-grade optical projector, will be useful for a wide range of applications in the life sciences and beyond.


A hindered phenol/nitrile-butadiene rubber(NBR) composite was successfully prepared by mixing tetrakis(methylene-3-(3-5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxy phenyl) propionyloxy) methane(AO-60) into NBR.The microstructure of the AO-60/NBR composite was characterized by DSC,SEM and DMA,and its dynamic mechanical properties were studied.The results show that the dispersion of AO-60 is different in the various NBR matrix.Hindered phenol AO-60 forms a fine dispersion in the matrix of the NBR with the acrylonitrile mass fraction of 35%(N230S).A strong intermolecular interaction is formed between the AO-60 and NBR.Compared with the neat NBR matrix,the value of Tg and tanδ for the composites increases gradually with increasing the AO-60 amount.Moreover,AO-60/N230S composites have a high performance as a damping material.


The studied camera is basically just a line of pixel sensors, which can be rotated on a full circle, describing a cylindrical surface this way. During a rotation we take individual shots, line by line. All these line images define a panoramic image on a cylindrical surface. This camera architecture (in contrast to the plane segment of the pinhole camera) comes with new challenges, and this report is about a classification of different models of such cameras and their calibration. Acknowledgment. The authors acknowledge comments, collaboration or support by various students and colleagues at CITR Auckland and DLR Berlin-Adlershof. report1_HWK.tex; 22/03/2006; 9:47; p.1


We propose a finite-dimensional variational principle on triangulated 3-manifolds so that its critical points are related to solutions to Thurston's gluing equation and Haken's normal surface equation. The action functional is the volume.


In the JRAS., 1954, pp. 119 ff., Professor Enno Littmann, the Nestor of Ethiopic epigraphists, published a Gə'əz inscription from Egypt together with two photographs, a vocalized version and a translation. His decipherment covers seven lines of widely varying legibility, but it appears from scratches visible in fig. 1 that the original inscription contained at least two further lines of which nothing can be recognized to-day. Littmann acknowledges (ibid., p. 121) that most of the restorations, especially those following upon line 3, are "mere conjectures". This view is, indeed, borne out by study of the inscription and by its very bad state of preservation. In other words: of an inscription of probably nine lines barely a third is in a condition offering a reasonable basis for decipherment. When one remembers that most Ethiopic inscriptions (as, indeed, Oriental epigraphic documents in general) are provided with a generous portion of a preliminary and introductory character, one soon realizes that hopes of a substantial enrichment of Gə'əz epigraphy are bound to be disappointed. This does not mean that the remaining three lines are of no value; any contribution to the not over-abundant inscriptional material of early Ethiopic deserves attention. Professor Littmann and Mr. Meredith have placed Semitists in their debt by making this still unvocalized Gə'əz inscription available for general discussion.


Nano Ti02 is verified with excellent potential of antimicrobial. Ni - P - TiO_2 composite coating was formed on the steel matrix by electroless composite plating. Thereafter the mor phology and composition of Ni - P - TiO_2 coating were analyzed by using SEM, AES and XPS, while the sterilizing rate of coating a gainst bacillus coli and staphylococcus aureus were tested quanti tatively. Results show that Ni-P-TiO_2 coating is homogeneous and well polished, in which the relative atomic percentage is 74.51%Ni, 13.37%P, 3.02%Ti, 6. 81%O and 1.38%Fe. The coating exhibits excellent bacterial inhibition effect with 97.86% and 96. 23% sterilizing efficiency for bacillus coli and staphylococcus aureus, respectively.


Preface. Table of Statutes. Table of Cases. Judicial review. The grounds of judicial review. Excluding and limiting judicial review. Administrative finality: revocation and res judicata. Certiorari. Prohibition and mandamus. The declaration and injunction. Damages. Locus standi. Choice of forum: 'public' v 'private' law. The court's discretion to refuse relief for judicial review. Time limits and the effect of delay on applications for judicial review. Applications for leave to apply for judicial review and interim relief. The hearing of the application for judicial review. Evidence on applications for judicial review. Appeals in judicial review proceedings. Case stated, statutory rights of challenge and statutory appeals. Habeas Corpus. The Crown Office List. Appendix including Precedents.


Let (R, m) be a formally unmixed local ring of positive prime characteristic and dimension d. We examine the implications of having small Hilbert-Kunz multiplicity (i.e., close to 1). In particular, we show that if R is not regular, there exists a lower bound, strictly greater than one, depending only on d, for its Hilbert-Kunz multiplicity.


Augmented Reality combined with adaptive hypermedia plays an important role on providing effective information visualization systems. In this paper, we propose a comprehensive architecture model in order to provide adaptive information visualization systems with augmented reality. We also provide a novel visual metaphor for real-valued, low-dimensional data with optimal values for each feature inspired on the pseudo-flower metaphor.


The effect of SiO_2 non-metallic inclusion on fracture initiation and propagation in FGH95 superalloy by SEM in-situ tension and fatigue experiments was investigated.The results show that the fractures were easily initiated from inclusion,and propagated into inclusion normal to or about 45° with main stress axis during in-situ tension process.After propagating into the matrix,the fracture went along the vertical plane with obvious slipping zones around it.The fractures were initiated at the interface between the inclusion and the matrix,and propagated into the matrix about 45° with main stress axis during in-situ fatigue process.And then,the fractures propagated into the matrix normally until the specimen was ruptured.The fractures show different morphological characters during the two processes due to the matrix with thin γ′ phases near the inclusion.


The objective of this contribution is to prepare the biological magnetic nanoparticles (magnetosomes) as a product of biomineralization process of magnetotactic bacteria Magnetospirillum sp.AMB-1. at various conditions of cultivation. By adding of higher amount of Wolfe's vitamin solution (WVS) or or ferric quinate (FQ) the mean diameter of magnetosomes is increasing. Sample cultivated at normal condition (NP) shows no coercivity and behaves superparamagnetically. The increasing of coercivity (6.5 Oe for WVS and 20 Oe for FQ) may be caused by higher value of shape anisotropy and reveals stronger magnetic correlations between particles of magnetite chains. The low values for coercivity is connected with the fact that magnetosomes are still single-magnetic domain particles. The found values for the specific rate absorption (SAR) of 949 W/g for NP, 911 W/g for FQ and 890 W/g for WVS at 10 kA/m are comparable to values found for similar sample. From obtained values of SAR it can be said that only small differences exist in samples prepared various conditions.


The classroom environmentcan optimized to achieve quality education, The main aims of education.Should be completely out of the teacher-centered,one-sided in doctrinationof teaching respect and to establish the dominant position of students in the classroom teaching to student-centered,to stimulate student interest in learning;and teachers have a sense of design situations,to provide students with more of thought,discovery,and create opportunities.


it weard ow life wid del kyan canspyah fi shattah di awts most fragile diziah ow histri an byagrafi kyan plat gense yu an dem 'angst' an dem 'anomie' gang-up pon yu This serial is available in Kunapipi: https://ro.uow.edu.au/kunapipi/vol20/iss1/28


Based on the framework of model driven test, a kind of Web application testing model named W ANM (W eb Application Navigation Model) is advanced. It supports the design of test~ 。and the automatically execution of them The test cases designed are referred to U2TP(UM L2.0 Testing Prfile), and make test modeling, test。 generatng and test case executing closely cntact with each other while independent respectively.


FIELD: oil and gas industry. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the oil and gas industry, particularly to the methods for developing the oil deposits with gas cap at early stage. The method reduces the danger of gas outbreak from the gas cap to the producing wells at the early stage of developing the deposit with gas cap, and expenditures. The method includes directional drilling of producing, developing and gas wells, injecting water into the oil bed via the injection wells, oil selection via producing wells and injecting the displacing agent into the gas cap. According to the invention, at the early stage of development of the oil deposit, the bed pressure in the gas cap is maintained at the level higher than initial value, without waiting for its decrease. The water-gas mixture containing 80 to 95 mass percent of gas, is used as a displacing agent. At that, water is preliminary purified and heated to the temperature higher than 30°C, which prevents hydrates formation, and is tolerant for the device supplying the water-gas mixture into the gas cap. As a device, the booster pump-and-compressor station is used. EFFECT: danger of gas outbreak from the gas cap to the producing wells at the early stage of developing the deposit with gas cap, and expenditures are reduced. 1 dwg


I suspect many tears were shed on keyboards everywhere as people read their email about Peter Eric Palmquist's death on January 13, 2003. Peter died of severe head injuries after being struck in a crosswalk by a speeding, hit--and--run driver on January 11 in Emeryville, CA, while walking his dog Max, who escaped unharmed. Compounding this tragedy, Peter and his partner of 26 years, Pam Mendelsohn, planned to marry this April. A professional photographer for more than 50 years, Peter became interested in photographic history after an antique storeowner gave him old photographs taken by local photographers unknown to him. This fateful "fistful" of old photographs became Peter's passionate obsession. At his death, he had amassed more than 150,000 images, including many rare images from early western American photography and some 50,000 photographs documenting more than 100 years of history in Humboldt County, CA. Peter recently transferred his extensive collection of images and research materials to the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library at Yale University. For thirty years, Peter established new ways of pursuing the history of photography as an independent scholar who did not have institutional support or a Ph.D. Peter's primary photographic interests were in the American West--California before 1950--and the international history of women in photography, in collaboration with Suzanna Urminska, which he teasingly referred to as an "intergalactic study of women photographers before 1871," Recently Peter told me that the Women in Photography International Archive he founded "included more than 18,000 biographical files on female photographers; 2,000 books and 4,000 articles by and about women photographers; and approximately 8,300 vintage photographs taken by women, many of them produced during the 19th century." Peter was a resourceful visual explorer and indefatigable writer whose intellect and spirit of inquiry brought to light countless forgotten photographers and images. His perseverance and dedication resulted in the publication of over 60 books and monographs and 340 articles. He wrote and lectured extensively on California photographer Carleton E. Watkins. In 2001, Peter and Thomas R. Kailbourn won the Denver Public Library's prestigious Caroline Bancroft Western History Prize for their book. Pioneer Photographers of the Far West: A Biographical Dictionary, 1840-1865 (Stanford University Press, 2000). Just before he died, Peter and Thomas had just completed the manuscript of the second volume of his Pioneer Photographers--a series that he hoped would eventually include the entire United States. He curated numerous exhibitions and delivered hundreds of lectures on these subjects, and also served as a consultant for a myriad of museums and libraries including the Getty Museum, the Huntington Library, the Amon Carter Museum and the Bancroft Library. …


Geotagged imagery, from satellite, aerial, and ground-level cameras, provides a rich record of how the appearance of scenes and objects differ across the globe. Modern web- based mapping software makes it easy to see how different places around the world look, both from satellite and ground-level views. Unfortunately, interfaces for exploring how the appearance of objects depend on geographic location are quite limited. In this work, we focus on a particularly common object, the human face, and propose learning generative models that relate facial appearance and geographic location. We train these models using a novel dataset of geotagged face imagery we constructed for this task. We present qualitative and quantitative results that demonstrate that these models capture meaningful trends in appearance. We also describe a framework for constructing a web-based visualization that captures the geospatial distribution of human facial appearance.


After the Stockholm Declaration of 1972, the Belgrade Charter of 1975, the Tbilisi Declaration of 1978 and their unanimous propagation of the importance of environmental education; not much has been achieved despite evaluation modules created and incorporated by non-governmental organisation concerned with these issues. Instead, funds going to these NGOs have drastically reduced; ensuring less hope for the younger generations the opportunity to have an environmental education and to give possible innovative contributions towards tackling environmental problems. Environmental problems are our 'common heritage' despite the unequal share of environmental pollution. The whole world is collectively responsible for protecting the environment and for proffering solutions to these problems. The goal of environmental education is to develop a world population that is aware of, and concerned about the environment with a commitment to work individually and collectively towards the practice of sustainable development. Recently in India, the Supreme Court made a judgement upholding the rights of the citizens to environmental education. This new development is very important as it may lead to the United Nations and all the nations of the world to the recognition of the right to environmental education as a basic human right. This paper will be divided into four parts. The first part introduces the topic while delving into its historical background. The second part will tackle the definition of humans rights and the right to environmental education. The third part will give an exposition into the relevant international instruments. The fourth part will discuss the presence of the right to environmental education in India and Malaysia. The fifth part will conclude the paper with necessary recommendations especially the need for the inclusion of the right to environmental education as a basic human right.


Data fusion is integrating and processing of information.To study the application of data fusion in C 3I system,it shows that data fusion is not only an critical field of technology in C 3I system in future,but also important to improve the combat efficiency of C 3I system.


Imagine a paleontologist confronted with of a fossil of a single footprint. She could probably risk some conjectures about the imprinting creature, such as whether it possessed paws, claws, or feet, and estimate its weight, height, and other attributes. But the information contained in a single static print remains limited. The situation improves if a multitude of footprints from a population of creatures becomes available. Now, stride lengths can be calculated, variability between individuals can be assessed, and speeds can be estimated. Furthermore, correlating footprints from different geographies could lead to clues about the population's migration patterns. With appropriate assumptions, our paleontologist could begin to map how the population evolved over time.

As this example illustrates, even though a footprint is a static entity, the sum of many footprints could in principle provide clues about the dynamics of a population. In this vein, the work of Middendorf, Ziv, and Wiggins in this issue of PNAS (1) seeks to understand the broad strokes of the evolutionary dynamics that shaped a species from a static network of protein–protein interactions. By way of "footprints," Middendorf et al . (1) use substructures in the protein–protein network called network motifs whose count provides a window into the dynamics that left the record. These counts are the markers that the authors use to "learn" which motifs differentiate between competing hypothetical evolutionary schemes. The outcome of the study suggests a dominant evolutionary mechanism that shaped Drosophila melanogaster .

Networks of all sorts evolve, and it is often possible to form hypotheses about such evolution by direct examination of the structure of the network (2–4). Consider the U.S. telephone network, which evolved over the past 100 years in response to changes in traffic load and advances in technology. The telephone network was originally engineered to carry …


In order to better understand how Information and Communication Technologies are used in veterinary practice settings, 967 veterinarians were surveyed through VIN (veterinary information network). The most commonly used ICTs were the telephone and e-mail. Younger participants were more comfortable using text messaging, Skype, Facebook and blogging than older veterinarians. Most participants reported that their clinic requires a physical exam prior to electronic or phone consultations, and stated that they spent 1-5 hours per week providing these consultations, which are usually not billed to clients. Veterinarians under 39 years of age were least likely to report engaging in consultations after hours or on weekends. Veterinarians over 60 years of age were more likely to endorse the use of electronic or phone consultations for common clinical scenarios than their younger counterparts. Older veterinarians also endorsed the use of remote sensing devices to monitor patient health more frequently than their younger counterparts.


Over the past decades, the monolingual (English-only) approach to English language teaching and learning has prevailed. In recent years, however, the trend of using students' first language (L1) in teaching and learning English as a foreign language has re-emerged. However, the research on the use of L1 in teaching English for specific purposes is far from extensive. The aim of this study was to investigate the use of Slovene as the students' L1 in teaching and learning Business English at tertiary level. The specific objectives were to determine the students' attitudes towards the teachers' and the students' use of Slovene during Business English lessons and the students' use of Slovene in learning Business English. The present study was quantitative, with data gathered via a questionnaire. The results show that, on the one hand, there is some inclination towards the use of L1 both in class and during their study of Business English. On the other hand, the preference towards the use of predominantly (or exclusively) English in class is also present and is positively correlated with the level of students' knowledge of English. The results are of value to English language teachers as they suggest the contexts in which students' L1 could be used in the process of teaching and learning English for specific purposes.


Objective

To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the biodegradable collagen matrix (Ologen) implant in trabeculectomy.

Research design and methods

We searched Pubmed, Cochrane library, Embase and Web of Science databases to find studies that met our pre-stated inclusion criteria. Reference lists of retrieved articles were also reviewed. The search was finished by February 2019. Study selection, data extraction, quality assessment, and data analyses were performed according to the Cochrane standards. Either a fixed or a random-effects model was used to calculate the overall combined risk estimates. The efficacy measures were the weighted mean differences (WMDs) for the intraocular pressure reduction (IOPR) and the glaucoma medications reduction, the odds ratio (OR) for the success rate and adverse events.

Results

Fifteen randomized controlled trials involved 682 eyes were included in the meta-analysis. There were no statistically differences between two groups in the IOPR at any time postoperatively. The MD of the IOPR was [MD= -0.45,95% Confidence Interval (CI), (-2.36,1.46), P=0.65] at one day, [MD= -0.82,95% CI, (-1.97, 0.33), P=0.16] at one week, [MD= -1.33, 95% CI,(-3.12, 0.47), P=0.15] at one month, [MD= 0.11,95% CI, (-1.87, 2.08), P=0.92] at three months, [MD= -0.60,95% CI, (-2.27, 1.06), P=0.48] at six months, [MD= -0.33,95% CI, (-1.99, 1.32), P=0.69] at one year, [MD= -0.13,95% CI, (-1.90, 1.65), P=0.89] at two years, [MD= 2.54,95% CI, (-2.83, 7.90), P=0.35] at three years, [MD= 3.04,95% CI, (-3.95, 10.03), P=0.39] at five years. There was no statistically significant difference between the Ologen groups and MMC groups concerned the complete success rate [OR=1.19, 95%CI, (0.83, 1.71), P=0.35]. With regard to the adverse events, no obvirously significance was observed. Seven studies reported the change of antiglaucoma medications. We found that the change of antiglaucoma medications is higher in MMC groups than that in Ologen groups [MD=-0.18, 95%CI, (-0.33, -0.03), P=0.02]. There is no significant difference in complications between the two groups.

Conclusions

From the current evidence, Ologen may be an alternative choice for trabeculectomy when considering the efficacy and safety. However, MMC might be the preferred choice concerned cost-effectiveness.


The invention discloses a real-time gesture control method of three-dimensional images. The method includes the steps of arranging a plurality of range sensors according to a matrix in any spatial plane of a three-dimensional space corresponding to a three-dimensional image; using one of the range sensors as an origin of coordinates, using the matrix as plane coordinate axes, namely an axis X and an axis Y, using a detection height of the range sensors as an axis Z, and constructing a three-dimensional coordinate system; allowing the range sensors to capture motion paths of gestures; allowing the range sensors at the corresponding positions to feed the three-dimensional coordinate data of the positions back to an analytic module, allowing the analytic module to perform fitting to obtain a gesture motion path curve, allowing a processing module to recognize gesture motion paths and send out an execution command, and allowing an execution module to execute the execution command. The method has the advantages that the matrix range sensors in the tree-dimensional space of the three-dimensional image help improve sensing precision, the range sensors track motion paths of the gestures, and real-time gesture control is achieved for the three-dimensional image.


The Mo powders with an average particle size of 3μm were coated with copper by electroless plating.The influence of plating conditions on the morphology and phase composition of the electroless copper was studied,based on scanning electron microscopic(SEM)and X-ray diffraction(XRD)analyses.The results indicated that Mo/Cu composite powders containing 15%-85% Cu could be prepared by electroless copper plating of the Mo powders.The composite powders had smooth surfaces but showed some signs of agglomeration.The threshold pH value for the electroless copper plating was found to be 12.Namely,the plating rate increased with increasing pH value,but formaldehyde tended to be decomposed at a rather high pH value.Therefore the optimal pH value for the electroless copper plating was recommended as 12-13.Moreover,the plating rate increased with increasing temperature of the plating bath and the concentration of formaldehyde as well,but the stability of the plating bath decreased therewith.And the optimal range of temperature and concentration of formaldehyde was suggested to be 60-70℃ and 22-26 mL/L,respectively.


The particle size,sediment type,concentrations of heavy metal,and total nitrogen and phosphorus levels were detected based on the survey data of surface sediment at the marine ranching area in Haizhou Bay in 2011.The results showed that the particle sizes were found to be variable from Ф4.44 to Ф6.14,that is,between silt and clay,which was attributed to the northeast-wind wave of the bay mouth.The concentrations of Cu,Zn,Pb and Cd were shown higher now than before 2010,especially Cu being far more higher than the third standard of sediment quality with highly temporal and spatial variation,which apparently was affected by tidal current sediment movement.The levels of N and P were changed steadily,and the quantitative relationship models among the indexes of some heavy metals with small change for each quarter a year were established.


The consumer shopping is to select, purchase, use, and dispose of goods and services, in satisfaction of their needs and wants.Mainly in which shopping is about acquiring needed goods and service. However, modern shoppers buy this to reward themselves, to satisfy psychological needs or to make themselves feel good. Modern shoppers purchase things to make a statement, to show off their personality or to boost their self-esteem. Purchased item have become an affirmation of the psyche. The study was conducted to focus on how the selection of retail chain and the social economic status of the consumer influence the buying behaviorin retail segment.Five behavioral variables namely quality, product criterion, product performance, price and promotions were examined in selected retail garment outlet to retain the customer. A survey questionnaire was developed using adaptation from earlier study done on the similar topic. Survey question was administered to 480 respondents via mass mailing of email to friends and colleagues and response was collected and analysed using Statistical Package for Social Science in short SPSS. Analysis result shows that their buying behavior and store selection are significantly related to their income level.


Tissue factor (TF, coagulation factor III, CD142) is not only the main physiological initiator of normal blood coagulation, but is also important in the natural history of solid malignancies in that it potentiates metastasis and angiogenesis and mediates outside–in signalling. TF is expressed constitutively by many tissues which are not in contact with blood and by other cells upon injury or activation; the latter include endothelial cells, tissue macrophages, and peripheral blood monocytes. It can exist encrypted and unavailable functionally in the plasma membrane and the appearance of functional TF may be due to synthesis and/or de‐encryption. Inflammatory cells often express TF and act to induce its production or de‐encryption by other cells locally and, apparently, at remote sites. Inappropriate expression of TF by endothelial cells, macrophages or monocytes is thought to be an important trigger of coagulation in various pathological conditions. Several studies have shown that measurements of monocyte TF (mTF) may provide clinically significant information, particularly in patients with malignant and inflammatory diseases. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The waste production in Sweden and Europe is increasing each year. Swedish households throw away 2.7 million tonnes material annually and because of though waste legislations, most of this is recyc ...