BACKGROUND: The management of wounds is fundamental in the practice of surgery. The prevalence of leg ulceration is approximately 1% to 2%, and is slightly higher in the older adult population. Lower limb ulcers have a multifactorial etiology, more commonly seen in diabetics. Superoxidised solution is a new concept in wound management, it is an electrochemically processed aqueous solution with neutral pH, non toxic, non-irrigating, no rinse dermal wound irrigant. AIMS: Superoxidised solution was used on Lower Limb Ulcers to observe; Wound disinfection, Decrease in wound size, Appearance of Granulation tissue and Duration of Hospital stay. SETTINGS & DESIGN: This prospective study was conducted at Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Center on a study population of 100 patients from September 2011 to September 2012. Sampling Design is purposive sampling. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Study group included 100 patients above 18yrs of age, traumatic ulcers and diabetic ulcers. Informed consent was taken, routine and specific investigations, swab culture and sensitivity taken. Assessments were done on Day 1, 5, 9, 12, 18, 21. CONCLUSION: Superoxidised solution is safe and effective in lower limb ulcers, and we found it to be efficient with significant improvement in appearance of granulation tissue and epithelization and reduction in duration of hospital stay.


An adaptive equalizer structure based on a state space formulation and maximum likelihood sequence estimation (MLSE) is developed for a time-varying, frequency-selective channel. Differential phase shift keying (DPSK) is assumed at the transmitter and effective differential decoding is performed at the receiver. The standard models of a time-varying linear channel and the Karhunen-Loeve (KL) expansion underpin the receiver structure. Analytical and simulation results for the receiver are shown. The resulting receiver is a per-survivor structure.


Compartment syndrome is defined as the progressive condition in which increased compartmental interstitial pressure exceeds capillary pressures resulting in neurovascular ischemia. It is most commonly seen after trauma. It is a very rare complication of routine diagnostic arthroscopy, of which few cases have been reported. Diagnostic arthroscopy of the knee is one of the most common surgical procedures performed in orthopedics. It is generally considered a lowrisk procedure with a minimal complication rate. Sherman et al. [1] in 1986 reported a series of 2,640 arthroscopic procedures of the knee, and the incidence of complications was of 8.2 %. The major complications included infection, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, vascular injury, nerve injury, reflex sympathetic dystrophy, hematoma, adhesions and intraarticular instrument breakage. The minor complications included superficial wound infection, ecchymosis and wound healing problems. INTRODUCTION CASE REPORT orthopaedic journal texas


Background and Purpose White matter lesions (WMLs) on T2-weighted MR images occurring in the centrum semiovale of normal individuals are a subject of great clinical interest. We therefore investigated regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) of the centrum semiovale among neurologically normal individuals. Methods One hundred thirty-five neurologically normal subjects were divided into four grades of WML on the basis of their MR images. rCBF values in the centrum semiovale were measured by xenon contrast CT methods. Results Advanced age and associated hypertension were significant risk factors for higher grade WMLs. Centrum semiovale rCBF values on the left side were 24.27±2.60 mL·100 g−1·min−1 in grade 0, 23.52±2.78 in grade I, 19.35±2.81 in grade II, 15.82±2.05 in grade III, and 11.31±2.56 in grade IV. Differences were significant between grades (P<.005 between grade 0 and grades II, III, and IV; between grade II and grades III and IV; and between grades III and IV). Patients with hypertension had lower rCBF...


Electric-field probes and magnetic search coils were used to observe low- frequency fluctuations in discharges in Zeta and a similar torus of smaller bore. The amplitude of the fluctuations was measured as a function of discharge conditions and the results are summarized briefly. A simple ideal hydromagnetic model is introduced that fits the observed magnetic field fluctuations closely; this shows that the principal perturbation has a long wavelength and azimuthal symmetry number m = 1. The rms plasma displacement is less than 10% of the discharge tube radius under normal conditions. The origin of the observed electric-field fluctuations is discussed, and an equation is derived that in principle relates the electric and magneticfield fluctuations. The observed electric-field implitudes are shown to be consistent with the result, but the coefficient of correlation between the electric and magnetic-field fluctuations is small. A characteristic frequency for the fluctuations is estimated by counting the number of maxima per unit time. This frequency varies approximately inversely as the square root of gas pressure and directly with the magnetic field at the center of the discharge; this is consistent with the hydromagnetic more » model described above. The form of the dispersion relation for hydromagnetic waves in a cylindrical discharge is discussed in the light of these results, and theoreticil results on the stability of a particular model of the discharge are given. The origin and maintenance of the fluctuations and their significance for the diffusion of plasma across containing magnetic fields are discussed. (auth) « less


This study reports the human red blood cells (HRBC) and sheep red blood cells (SRBC) membrane stabilizing property and the antioxidizing property of ethyl acetate soluble fraction of the gynaceum part of Bombax ceiba. The probable mode by which Bombax ceiba mediates its effects on inflammatory conditions was studied on HRBC & SRBC exposed to hypotonic solution. The results of the study revealed that the EtOAc soluble fraction of Bombax ceiba possesses anti-inflammatory property. However, the extract did not have the membrane stabilizing property. The results of the study suggest that the antiinflammatory activity may not be related to membrane stabilization. It failed to show inhibition nature even in the higher concentration during the estimation antioxidizing property.


This article explores the way in which the South African reality is presented through myth, urban legend and oral poetry. Furthermore, the way in which power is perceived and presented through oral literature is highlighted. Examples of transition myths, as well as examples of oral poetry depicting important events (such as the release from prison of Nelson Mandela) are given. The three-way-dialectic between orality, literacy and technology is also explored in this article. In other words, the fluid movement of oral literature between, for example, the Internet and the printed text is highlighted.


The effects of different soil moisture lower limits on hot pepper growth indexes,soil moisture, the yield and water use efficiency under mulched drip irrigation were analyzed through field experiments. The results indicated that the hot pepper growth was in a good condition,the yield and water use efficiency were both high with soil water lower limit of 55%FC.Considering crop yield and water use efficiency,soil water lower limit of 55%FCwas recommended for hot pepper under mulched drip irrigation.


A fundamental research for measurement of cyclic stresses in high temperature range is performed by applying a Watts-type nickel electroplating. The following results are presented. For the plating solution and plating conditions used, the range of applicable temperatures is from room temperature to 190°C. Though the desirable number of repetitions N is in the range of (0.5∼4)×106, it is more appropriate for the accuracy of measured values to set N= (2∼3)×106. Adding a small quantity of gelatin to the nickel plating solution, the applicable temperature range is extended toward higher temperature side. As a result of measurement of the stress-concentration factor in a circular shaft with a flat part under torsion, the measured values at each testing temperature are in good agreement with the theoretical result and it is verified that the present technique has sufficient accuracy.


This paper performs a long-run time series analysis of the behaviour of the income velocity of money in Portugal 1891-1998, and assesses the importance of both macroeconomic and institutional factors in shaping its path. We look for particularities of the Portuguese case in the international context. By means of a cointegrated vector autoregression, we find that institutional variables matter. Moreover, regression analysis shows that the general U-shaped pattern is displayed with the inflection point located in 1973, in line with the Spanish case.


The past few years have witnessed growth in the size and computational requirements for training deep convolutional neural networks. Current approaches parallelize the training process onto multiple devices by applying a single parallelization strategy (e.g., data or model parallelism) to all layers in a network. Although easy to reason about, this design results in suboptimal runtime performance in large-scale distributed training, since different layers in a network may prefer different parallelization strategies. In this paper, we propose layer-wise parallelism that allows each layer in a network to use an individual parallelization strategy. We jointly optimize how each layer is parallelized by solving a graph search problem. Our experiments show that layer-wise parallelism outperforms current parallelization approaches by increasing training speed, reducing communication costs, achieving better scalability to multiple GPUs, while maintaining the same network accuracy.


Population aging is a global phenomenon, which is particularly expressed in industrialized countries. The proportion of older people in these countries grows now with accelerated pace mainly due to increasing longevity, because fertility there already reached very low levels. Population aging is expected to continue over the next few decades, eventually leading to the global convergence in the proportion of older people. Although fertility decline was the main cause of population aging in the past, the process of population aging in contemporary societies is determined by declining mortality at older ages. Thus, mortality studies and projections for older ages are particularly important for making accurate demographic forecasts of population aging.


This paper presents a novel, switching quantitative-feedback-theory (QFT) control system design methodology with a nonlinear model-based internal loop, and applies it to control a large radio telescope with saturation constraints. The dynamics of servo-systems of large radio telescopes typically vary according to azimuth and elevation angles, temperature, friction, speed and acceleration, leading to nonlinearities and plant parameter uncertainty. The new controller design methodology combines robust QFT techniques with nonlinear switching strategies and a nonlinear model-based inner loop, going beyond the classical linear limitations of conventional controllers. As shown in the paper, high performance for robust reference tracking and robust disturbance rejection is achieved, even under saturation constraints in the actuators. The controller performance is demonstrated by using realistic/simplified rigid body model of an existing extra-large radio telescope.


Hydrogen gas (H2 ) is the primary storable fuel for pollution-free energy production, with over 90 million tonnes used globally per year. More than 95% of H2 is synthesized through metal-catalyzed steam methane reforming that produces 11 tonnes of CO2 per tonne H2 . "Green H2 " from water electrolysis using renewable energy evolves no CO2 , but costs 2-3x more, making it presently economically unviable. Here  we report catalyst-free conversion of waste plastic into clean H2 along with high purity graphene. The scalable procedure evolves no CO2 when deconstructing polyolefins and produces H2 in purities up to 94% at high mass yields. Sale of graphene byproduct at just 5% of its current value yields H2 production at negative cost. Life-cycle assessment demonstrates a 39-84% reduction in emissions compared to other H2 production methods, suggesting the flash H2 process to be an economically viable, clean H2 production route. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


It is one of the ironies of the nineteenth century that it was both the age of progress and the age of history—a time of strong belief in growth and modernity and of romantic yearning for a long-lost past. For the arts, this resulted in a profusion of historicizing drama, literature and painting, as well as the birth of the modernist battle-cry for contemporaneity—the omnipresent and unavoidable il faut être de son temps (Boas; Nochlin 103–178). Perhaps because time proceeds rather than recedes, it is the latter half of the nineteenth-century Janus-face that has imposed itself as the most legitimate artistic achievement of the time. The vast majority of nineteenth-century history and historical genre painting, for instance, is still considered largely unworthy of the scholarly attention and seriousness generally reserved for the modern-life and modern-style painting of the century, in spite of abundant research into the broad "historical culture" of the era and decades of so-called "revisionist" attempts to rehabilitate painters who devoted their talents to the depiction of the past. Yet the boundaries between nineteenth-century modernity and historicism are not as clear-cut as they are sometimes believed to be. If anything, it is the nineteenth-century rethinking of the historical discipline along modern and scientific standards that demonstrates this point. What is generally more reluctantly recognised, however, is that this new "scientific" form of historicism should not be seen as an isolated "modern" island in a sea of otherwise escapist and retrograde forms of historicism. As Stephen Bann has argued, the emergence of scientific historical scholarship was the result of a Nineteenth-Century Contexts Vol. 33, No. 3, July 2011, pp. 209–226


Traditionally, natural language processing techniques for information retrieval have always been studied outside the framework of formal models of information retrieval. In this article, we introduce a new formal model of information retrieval based on the application of statistical language models. Simple natural language processing techniques that are often used for information retrieval ± we give an introductory overview of these techniques in Section 2 ± can be modeled by the new language modeling approach.


The in-vitro antioxidant activity and protease activity of the latex of different plant sources, namely Tabernaemontana divericata , Croton bonplandianum , Plumeria rubra , Nerium oleander , Cascabela thevetia , Alstonia scholaris , Allamanda cathartica were analysed. The antioxidant activity was analyzed using DPPH (1-1, dipenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) reduction assay and protease activity was analyzed by the cleavage of milk protein, casein. From the results, it was observed that Croton bonplandianum latex has exhibited very strong and highest antioxidant activity (76±5.4%) followed by Allamanda cathartica (71±3.8%). Nerium oleander (62±4.2%) and Plumeria rubra latexes (58±2.9%) have showed good antioxidant activity. Cascabela thevetia (35±4.4%) and Tabernaemontana divericata latexes (28±3.0%) have showed moderate antioxidant activity. However, Alstonia scholaris latex has showed the least and negligible antioxidant activity (0.19±0.05%). The protease activity was found to be significantly highest in the Tabernaemontana divericata latex (4461.55±230 µg ml -1 ) followed by Cascabela thevetia (3307.7±284 µg ml -1 ). Good amount of the protease activity was found in Allamanda cathartica latex (1205.15±155 µg ml -1 ) followed by Croton bonplandianum (923.1±213 µg ml -1 ). Moderate amount of the protease activity was found in Nerium oleander (333.35±84 µg ml -1 ) and Plumeria rubra latexes (179.5±38 µg ml -1 ). However, least protease activity was observed in Alstonia scholaris latex (51.3±14 µg ml -1 ). The results revealed that almost all plant latex samples except A. scholaris have showed from moderate to strong antioxidant and protease activities. C. bonplandianum latex has exhibited significantly highest antioxidant activity and T. divericata latex has exhibited significantly highest protease activity.


A complement is a kind of important linguistic communication which is essential to human being.Because it is Influenced by different cultural factors,there are great differences existing in complements used in English an Chinese.This article makes comparison in the following aspects: the use of complement,their response formulas,and the pragmatic principles.In this way,the differences in English complements and Chinese complements are discussed and described.


Last year's meeting on Ophthalmic Optics featured two sessions on corneal topography with an excellent overview by Applegate (1992). This large interest in the field made me think that a technological breakthrough must recently have occurred in the algorithm for quantifying corneal curvature.


The siting of noxious facilities, such as hazardous waste facilities, is often vigorously opposed by local residents. As a result, one would expect people`s residential and employment choices to reflect a desire to avoid proximity to such facilities. Ibis behavior would in turn affect labor and housing prices. One technique that has been employed to implicitly value impacts of noxious facilities is the intercity hedonic approach, which examines the wage and land rent differentials among cities that result from environmental amenities and disamenities. However, most of the research focus has been on the behavioral response of home owners as opposed to renters. Since these two groups of residents vary on numerous dimensions such as marital status, age, sex, and personal mobility, it would not be surprising to find different marginal valuations of local site characteristics. We use 1980 Census data to derive separate estimates for owners and renters of the implicit value placed on eight different types of noxious facilities. Although the magnitude of the responses of renters and owners to noxious facilities and other environmental characteristics varies, the signs are generally consistent. The differences in values between owners and renters are not primarily due to differential mobility or sociodemographic factors. Controlling those factors decreases the differences between renters` and owners` implicit valuations by less than 10%. Unmeasured differences in characteristics between the two groups, such as tastes, risk aversion, or commitment to the community, must account for the remaining difference in valuations. These findings suggest that policymakers should separately consider the responses of owners and renters when estimating noxious facility impacts.


Introduction. Coal seam extraction causes rock mass displacement, which often leads to negative consequences. It is important to take into account the process patterns within the undermined rock mass to reduce the negative effect. Intensifi ed mining operations, increased lengths of faces and extraction panels, and increased per face output inevitably cause changes in all geomechanical processes in the face. Research theory. When designing and developing the working area, it is important to examine and forecast the geomechanical situation, as well as take into account the parameters and elements of the displacement processes caused by coal seam mining. The research objective is to determine the infl uence patterns in the rock seam that exerts pressure on mine support. The article presents the results of pressure area construction when mining longwall faces in gently sloping coal seams. Methods of research. Rock pressure on a power support unit was monitored based on pressure readings in the legs using Marko company data. The Surfer software product was used to build the pressure area and its profi les. The pressure area is obtained by converting the fl uid pressure in power support legs into rock pressure. The variation of the longwall support pressure during coal seam mining is shown. Results and analysis. The paper proposes an algorithm for calculating the thickness of the seam that exerts pressure on the longwall face support. The algorithm considers its wave-like changes along the length of the panel. The thickness of rocks exerting pressure on the support is up to 10 seam thicknesses. Conclusions. The height of the pressure arch generally coincides with the parameters for the disordered collapse zone. It is 4–8 times as big as the thickness of the extracted seam. The process of roof collapse and displacement a longwall face is wave-like. The height of the pressure arch can be determined using a sinusoid and the concepts of rock mass structuring according to the algorithm presented in this paper


The present invention is thin juice (thin juice), such as thick juice (thick juice) and molasses, to a method for recovering food-grade sugar product of brown sugar beet solution obtained in various beet sugar process . This method provides a sugar beet solution containing volatile substances of malodor as a result of one or more purification steps; volatiles malodorous subjected to electrodialysis said sugar beet solution is at least partially removed providing a liquid after electrodialysis; comprising; from electric liquid after dialysis, recovering a product selected from brown sugar and combinations thereof in liquid or solid food-grade. The present invention also relates to a beet sugar products of food-grade derived from sugar beet solution. These products are suitable as a replacement product derived from the corresponding cane sugar. A further aspect of the invention relates to the use of electrodialysis for the removal of volatile substances with a malodorous from sugar beet solution.


The discovery that hydrogen can be reversibly absorbed and desorbed from complex hydrides(alanates) by the addition of catalysts has created an entirely new prospect for lightweight hydrogen storage.Unlike the intermetallic hydrides,these compounds release hydrogen through a series of decomposition/recombination reactions.The reversible capacity of these materials can reach 3.1%[CD*2]4.2%(mass fraction) by addition of catalysts.The kinetics of dehydrogenation and rehydrogenation of the alanates was greatly improved by doping catalysts including Ti,Zr,Fe and additives such as C.The study on sodium aluminium hydride doping with Ti-compound by mechanical milling was shown.The thermodynamics and kinetics are enhanced greatly and its reversible capacity of hydrogen reaches 3.0%.The phase structure and valence change were characterized by X-ray diffractrometry(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).


Process migration is essential for runtime load balancing. In Grid and shared networked environments, load imbalance is not only caused by the dynamic nature of underlying applications, but also by the fluctuation of resource availability. In a shared environment, tasks need to be rescheduled frequently to adapt the variation of resources availability. Unlike conventional task scheduling, dynamic rescheduling has to consider process migration costs in its formulation. In this study, we first model the migration cost and introduce an effective method to predict the cost. We then introduce a dynamic scheduling mechanism that considers migration cost as well as other conventional influential factors for performance optimization in a shared, heterogeneous environment. Finally we present experimental testing to verify the analytical results. Experimental results show that the proposed dynamic scheduling system is feasible and improves the system performance considerably.


Patent Blue Violet dye is commonly used for selective localization of the lymphatic system before sentinel lymph node biopsy. This procedure is routinely recommended for staging the axilla in early breast cancer. However, it has long been recognized that such dye is associated with anaphylaxis. Here, we present a case of an intraoperative grade 2 anaphylaxis which commenced 20 minutes following the subcutaneous periareolar injection of patent blue for sentinel lymph node detection during segmental mastectomy. The timing of the reaction, clinical signs, and results of skin testing confirm patent blue to be the triggering agent.


There have not accurate defination about the key ability of students in high professional-technology college currently.This paper inquiried into the definition,content and development of the key ability of students in high professional-technology college.


Property Location Sawasdee Guesthouse is in the heart of Krabi, walking distance from Walking Street and Wat Kaew Korawaram. This guesthouse is within close proximity of Chaloem Rattanakosin Sports Stadium and Krabi Hospital.Rooms Make yourself at home..


PURPOSE: A vertical-type combustor is provided to minimize harmful gas contained in flames and to reduce costs for installing a dust collection equipment because a high functional dust collection equipment is omitted. CONSTITUTION: A vertical-type combustor(100) comprises a base(200), a burner(220), a blower(230), a first combustion chamber(300), a second combustion chamber(400), and a flame ejecting pipe(500). A perforated plate(210) having a plurality of a perforated holes(211) is joined to the base. The burner and blower are respectively installed in one side and the other side of the base. The burner supplies flames to inside the base. The blower injects outdoor air into inside the base, thereby rising the flames of the burner in the upper direction of the base through the perforated plate. The lower part of the first combustion chamber is joined to the perforated plate so that the inner part of the first combustion chamber is connected to the inner side of the base. The second combustion chamber secondarily burns solid fuel primarily burned in the first combustion chamber. The flame ejecting pipe is connected to the upper part of the second combustion chamber and ejects the rising flames.


The advancements in digitalization have sparked the way traditional work takes place. COVID-19 pandemic has also prompted a drastic change for modification of the usual work setting. These give rise to remote working, also known as telework, hot desking, work from home, hoteling, and a flexible work plan through which a worker achieves his/her tasks in a place remote from the customary office. Studies have found that remote working brings several challenges and benefits to workers. People who practiced remote working have shown an increase in their job performance and job satisfaction. However, other workers have expressed concerns on other aspects such as pressures in time management, loneliness due to less or absence of interaction among workers, and the feeling of being left out. This study aims to examine remote working and its impact on the productivity and work-life balance of the employees in the business consultancy industry in Dubai, UAE. This is quantitative research wherein descriptive and correlation research designs employing regression analysis were utilized. 96 employees working in the administration and office from different organizations in the business setup division were sampled using purposive sampling. Analysis of the responses demonstrated that remote working has a strong positive relation to employees' productivity. However, results also showed that remote working has no significant impact on the employees' work-life balance. On these bases, employers should take responsibility for the health and safety of the workers under their care whether or not the work is being done remotely. Similarly, employees should also take responsibility for themselves by carefully following the guidelines and procedures enforced by their employers. Further research is needed to identify other factors or variables that could bring fresh perspectives to elucidate the impact of remote working further.


This paper uses a DIP package as an example to build a thermal numerical model of an electronic component with the compact thermal models of IC packages.The steady temperature fields of two thermal resistant model and one thermal resistant model under nature convection condition are studied respectively.According to compare the simulation results of compact models with the detailed model's,the accuracy of result from compact models is researched.The results obtained of this study have a significant value for thermal analysis and simulation of IC systems.


An introductory survey on the purposes and methods of modulation and demodulation are given. Two important examples from applied measurement practice are discussed to illustrate practical realization and aspects of the spectra at various places in the system.


This paper presents the fabrication processes for micromachined millimeter wave devices on micromachined GaAs substrates. The 2.2 /spl mu/m thin GaAs/AlGaAs membrane, obtained by MBE growth and micromachining of semi-insulating <100> GaAs, is used as support for millimeter wave filter structures. Cascaded coplanar waveguide open-end series stubs filter type structures, with central frequencies of 38 and 77 GHz, as well as monolithic integrated millimeter wave receivers were designed and manufactured on GaAs micromachined substrates.


Job satisfaction and organizational commitment are shown to be heavily related to organizational behavior. Job satisfaction is related to several variables, such as performance, motivation, commitment, absenteeism, and turnover intention. Organizational Commitment is categorized as affective, continuance, and normative commitment. Moreover, both job satisfaction and organizational commitment also serve a mediating role in connecting variables and are both influenced and influencing factors. The present study was conducted through a web-based questionnaire system with Vietnamese participants utilizing a 5-point scale method to investigate the effect of job satisfaction on organizational commitment. The results show a significant relationship between job satisfaction and organizational commitment. However, the influence of intrinsic and extrinsic Satisfaction on different types of commitment varied. The study proves the complexity and the importance of understanding the organizational behavior of the Vietnamese workforce.


Multi-radar cooperative detection has significant advantages in maneuvering target tracking because of its wide coverage, good detection performance and strong survivability. As a key technology in cooperative detection of networking, multisource data fusion requires high precision and stability of fusion tracking. In this paper, Centralized Kalman Filter method is used to build a mathematical model by expanding dimension and direction finding quantity, and a new method is proposed to solve the fusion tracking problem of multi-radar in cooperative detection of maneuvering target by extending the estimation of nonlinear system for single sensor to the data fusion estimation of multi-sensor nonlinear system.


This thesis traces the development of the concept of the common heritage of mankind from its introduction by Arvid Pardo, the Ambassador to the United Nations from Malta, in 1967 to its translation into policy in the 1982 Third United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. The thesis pays particular attention to the people and ideas that influenced Pardo and the historical period of the late 1960s in which the common heritage idea for the deep seabed was articulated. It was a period of international idealism and a brief period in which the United States President, Lyndon Johnson, lent his grandiose rhetoric to the idea of managing the deep oceans as a common heritage. However, the problem was that the idea could not be translated into workable public policy for international cooperation in mining the deep seabed. The idea became a vehicle for a number of groups and individuals including the Third World nations that wanted to make it a part of their demands for ·a new economic order. Although a seabed mining regime was negotiated and is in place in the treaty, the United States and some other developed nations refused· to sign the treaty because of the seabed regime. Other events that hurt the process of turning the common heritage idea into workable policy were the decline in demand for minerals and a global recession that made such an expensive enterprise less attractive.


Background : Low saddle height has been empirically linked to increased compressive force at the patellofemoral joint and to the development of overuse knee pain.
Research question : How changes in saddle height would affect patellofemoral and tibiofemoral forces of cyclists with and without knee pain.
Type of study : Cross-sectional.
Methods : Sixteen cyclists without knee pain and eight cyclists with knee pain performed four 2-minute submaximal cycling trials using their preferred saddle height, two saddle heights (high and low) eliciting ±10° change in knee flexion angle, in relation to their preferred saddle height, and a saddle height eliciting 25° knee flexion at the 6 o'clock crank position. Workload (3.04 ± 0.78 W/kg) was consistent and pedalling cadence was visually controlled at 90 rpm for every trial. Right pedal forces and joint kinematics recorded during all trials enabled calculation of patellofemoral and tibiofemoral forces using a musculoskeletal model.
Results : Changes in saddle height did not substantially affect patellofemoral and tibiofemoral forces when comparing cyclists with and without knee pain. Compared to the low saddle height there were larger anterior tibiofemoral forces at optimal (35% without pain, 51% pain) and high saddle heights (76% without pain, 92% pain).
Conclusions : Bicycle saddle height can probably be set within a large range of knee motion (i.e., ~44-65° determined during dynamic cycling at the 3 o;clock position) to minimise possible detrimental effects of large patellofemoral and tibiofemoral forces.


chronous myoclonic jerks that aItected the face and limbs. Tactile and auditory stimuli produced generalised myoclonic jerks. Fundoscopy and pupillary reactions were normal and oculocephalic, corneal and gag reflexes were present. Muscle tone was normal. Generalised myoclonic jerks were produced when deep tendon reflexes were tested. Both plantar responses were flexor. Formal assessment of muscle power, sensation and coordination was not possible. General examination revealed third and fourth heart sounds and a soft ejection systolic murmur. Initial biochemical investigation showed: plasma potassium 7-9 mmol/l, bicarbonate 17 mmol/l, urea 47-8 mmol/l, creatinine 1504 umol/l, glucose 7 5 mmol/l, arterial blood pH 7 24, pCO2 43 mm Hg, pO2 104 mm Hg, oxygen saturation 97%. The haemoglobin level was 97 g/l and the leucocyte count 10 8 x 109/l. Cardiomegaly was present on a chest radiograph. Three sets of blood cultures and a midstream urine specimen were sterile. Three hours of haemodialysis did not affect the patient's neurological status. A generalised tonic/clonic convulsion occurred less than 10 minutes after administration of naloxone, 0-2 mg. Recurrent hyperkalaemia (7 5 mmol/l) was treated with oral sodium resonium. Electroencephalography revealed generalised theta and delta activity of moderate to high amplitude, intermixed with multifocal spike and sharp waves at a frequency of 1-2 per second. Intravenous injection of clonazepam, 0 5 mg, resulted in immediate cessation of myoclonic jerks and reduction of spike and sharp activity. Lower amplitude semirhythmic 3-4 Hz activity appeared. Myoclonus and hyperkalaemia did not recur. The pethidine level in the plasma stored from the time of admission was < 10 pg/l and the norpethidine level 114,pg/I. Haemodialysis did not affect the rate of fall of plasma norpethidine levels which were logarithmically related to time (correlation coefficient, r = -0 82; P < 005). The elimination half life of the metabolite in our patient was 25 hours. The initial metabolism of pethidine occurs in the liver where hydrolysis to pethidinic acid and N-demethylation to norpethidine, followed by hydrolysis to norpethidinic acid, occurs. While repeated administration of pethidine in patients with cancer' 2 or sickle cell anaemia4 may result in norpethidine accumulation, more rapid accumulation after fewer doses occurs in renal failure. Norpethidine is a central nervous system excitant with less potent depressant effects than pethidine. The progression of excitatory effects, from nervousness and tremors to agitated delirium, multifocal myoclonus and seizures, in a group ofcancer patients treated with pethidine, correlated with the plasma level of norpethidine as well as the ratio of norpethidine to pethidine in the plasma.2 It is likely that the myoclonus and generalised convulsions in our patient were related to norpethidine accumulation. Normal muscle tone and marked stimulus sensitivity do not usually occur in a phenothiazine (prochlorperazine) induced syndrome. In our patient, the effect of uraemia on the threshold for central excitation, resulted in lower norpethidine levels producing myoclonus and seizures compared to the levels required in cancer patients (424-1856 pg/l).' In both uraemic and norpethidine related myoclonus, the involvement of not only the distal muscles of the stimulated limb, but also proximal muscles and other limbs in the myoclonic response to peripheral stimuli, suggests that the myoclonus was a reticular rather than a cortical reflex type. The former has been described in uraemia,5 hyponatraemia and post anoxic encephalopathy. Because of norpethidine's long half life in uraemic patients, neurological abnormalities


To resolve Palestinian-Israeli conflicts over water resources, water should be treated as an economic commodity with resulting revenue divided according to a mutually agreed formula.


Contents: African moral discourse as examples of MacIntyre's tradition-based model of ethics - The virtues and ends of African moral traditions - The virtues and ends of the Fante (Akan) moral tradition - The virtue and ends of the Methodist Moral tradition - The interaction of Fante and Methodist moral traditions in Ghana - Empirical study of leadership among Fante Methodist ministers and traditional rulers - Synthesis at the level of leadership virtues - Model for contextualisation of Christian ethics.


Redox reaction for lead acetate in absence and presence of oxalic acid was studied by the use of cyclic voltammetry in 0.1M HNO3 at 302.2K. The glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was used as working electrode, whereas Ag/AgCl was used as reference electrode and platinum wire was used as auxiliary electrode. The complexation stability constants and Gibbs free energies of complexation were evaluated.


THE CRITICAL LAND IN INDONESIA TILL 2008 WAS APPROXIMATELY 77,81 MILLION HECTARES, 7,04 PERCENT INSIDE OF FOREST AREA. IN SAME PERIOD, THERE WERE 227 LICENCES OF THE INDUSTRIAL PLANTATION FOREST (IPF) COMPANIES RECOVERED THIS AREA. THEIR PLANTED AREA WAS REACHING 42,93 PERCENT OF 10,04 MILLION HECTARES WORKING AREA. THE RESULT OF COP15 COPENHAGEN, EXTENDED REDD (REDUCING EMISSION FOR DEFORESTATION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRY) PROGRAM TO BE REDD+ TO INCLUDE CONSERVATION, SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT, AND CARBON STOCK ENHANCEMENT. DEVELOPING IPF IN THE DEGRADED PEAT LAND BESIDES FOR WOOD PRODUCTION, ALSO SUPPORTING TO ABSORB AND AVOID EMISSION OF CARBON DIOXIDE, AND IF POSSIBLE GETTING THE CARBON INCENTIVE. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES WERE:
1. EXAMINED POTENTIAL OF THE ADDITIONAL CARBON
2. ANALYZED THE CARBON PRICE
RESEARCH WAS IN PT. SEBANGUN BUMI ANDALAS IPF CONCESSION HOLDERS AT TELUK PULAI, TULUNG SELAPAN SUB DISTRICT IN OGAN KOMERING ILIR REGENCY, SOUTH SUMATERA PROVINCE. THE BIOMASS WAS MEASURED USING THE DESTRUCTIVE SAMPLING. THE ADDITIONAL CARBON WAS ESTIMATED FROM: BIOMASS, BASELINE, EMISSION AND LEAKAGE. THE CARBON PRICE EXAMINED FROM THE BENEFIT OF THE ACACIA WOOD AND THE ADDITIONAL CARBON.
THE RESULT SHOWED THAT THE MEAN ANNUAL INCREMENT OF ACACIA BIOMASS TOTAL WAS 33,318 TONS, AND ITS CARBON WAS 49,95 PERCENT. THE ADDITIONAL CARBON IF ACACIA DID NOT YIELD WAS 53,289 TON CO2 AND ITS PRICE WAS $US 9,103 PER TON; AND IF IT YIELDED BASED ON CARBON MOVED OUT WHEN WOOD SOLD, WAS 22,659 TONS CO2 WITH ITS PRICE WAS $US 3,228 PER TON.


The present invention, (a) the raw material of dry pre-grinding, (b) conching the product in the "U" type conche 9 for processing strongly chocolate, (c) chocolate mass liquefaction and cooling, (d ) relates to a process for producing chocolate mass containing the final steps of the milling of chocolate mass. The present invention further provides "U" type and structure made of conche 9, chocolate and dried for preheated air resulting from forced ventilation performed by the high pressure fan 14 to operate in an electric motor with a heating electric resistance 13 - in order to increase the exposure cycle of the mass, the chocolate mass processing machinery constituted by a fixed arm 10 and the stirring arm 11 and the stirring shaft 12, which is articulated, and compact chocolate mass processing with the aforementioned machine on Do not equipment.


(S)-3-acrylyl-2,2′-bis(methoxymethoxy)-1,1′-binaphthyl (3a) was synthesized and anionically polymerized using n-BuLi as an initiator. The polymer derived from 3a had a tremendous specific optical rotation [α] 589 25 = −304.2, while that of the monomer 3a is −68.7. Poly-3a was confirmed to exist in the form of a one-handed helical structure in solution by means of comparing the specific optical rotation, the circular dichroism, and UV-vis spectra with that of 3a and the model compounds such as (S)-3-propionyl-2,2′-bis(methoxymethoxy)-1,1′-binaphthyl (3b) and (S)-3-heptanoyl-2,2′-bis(methoxymethoxy)-1,1′-binaphthyl (3c). This conclusion was also confirmed by the fact that the g value of poly-3a is about 15 times of that of the monomer 3a.


Underground mining activities in South Africa depend on battery fed underground locomotives to haul ore. The batteries are predominantly lead-acid and have to be charged periodically. At the moment, most of the battery chargers in use in South African mines are based on ferroresonant or transductor charger technology. At the same time, the charging algorithms in use are time based and in general without a clearly defined equalization phase and charge termination criterion. This paper will show that by utilizing a charging algorithm with a clearly defined gassing and equalization phase, it is possible to significantly reduce total energy consumption in a charging bay. Further, the use of switch-mode chargers can have the desirable effect of increasing total power factor and hence lower the maximum kVA demand.


Objective:To investigate the correlation of IL-6,TNF-a and PGE2in patients with coronary atherosclerosis and periodontal disease.Methods:120periodontitist patient aged 60-74were selected,detected the resorption of the IL-6,TNF-a and PGE2in gingival crevicular fluid by radiommunoassay.Results:Compared to the healthy people,the levels of IL-6,TNF-a and PGE2increased significantly(P0.05).The levels of(C+P) group were significantly higher than C group(P0.05).Conclusion:There may be a relationship between the two diseases and the IL-6,TNF-a and PGE2.


By analyzing the traditional portable coordinate measuring machines' calibration method based on 1D master artifact, the problems associated with it is discussed. Based on this conclusion, a new type of PCMM calibration method based on 3D master artifact is introduced. The validity and feasibility of the method is discussed in detail. The method proposed by this paper will be helpful in extending the PCMMs, and may leading to a new standard of calibration.


Abstract : This monograph analyzes the synchronization of field force operations in Vietnam from 1965 to 1967. Although the terminology of operational art did not yet exist in doctrine, operations during the period of rapid force escalation demonstrate the success at which MACV and the field force headquarters and commanders coordinated and synchronized actions in time, space and purpose. This synchronized coordination did not occur without challenges. As Carl von Clausewitz described through his paradoxical trinity, the necessary link between a clearly defined political endstate and a military strategy was absent. To highlight this tension from the US field force perspective, this monograph is divided into four parts. First, the introduction includes a literature review of impactful Vietnam War works accumulated and analyzed over time. The second part describes the national narrative leading up to and during the rapid force escalation period. The second part further provides a contemporary definition of the term strategy in the proper doctrinal context to ensure a common understanding. The third part is a campaign analysis that depicts the field force commanders, the command and control situation, and in depth views of four specific major operations. Although the period of rapid force escalation in South Vietnam is historically considered a campaign, in reality this period was a series of major operations that did not achieve the political endstate. This monograph concludes with an assessment of the degree to which the failures to synchronize a total campaign was the key problem for the US in Vietnam.


This article examines two methodologies for analyzing a literary work. The first one was developed by M.M. Bakhtin on the basis of a broad aesthetic and philosophical approach; the second one was developed by V.M. Zhirmunsky on the basis of a more specific formal and poetological approach. These methodologies were applied by both researchers to A.S. Pushkin's poems in the 1920s. It is argued that Bakhtin's methodology was worked out in opposition to the main provisions of Zhirmunsky, who was close to the position of Russian formalism, also taking into account L.V. Shcherba's achievements in the field of the linguistic analysis of a poetic text. This article describes the fundamental differences in the methodological conceptions of the philosopher and the literary critic concerning the nature of verbal creativity and understanding of the spatial and temporal organization of a literary work. The comparison of two analyses of Pushkin's poem "For the Shores of Distant Homeland…", shows that Zhirmunsky reduces the spatial and temporal aspects of a work of art to the compositional arrangement of verbal and sound material, since he considers verbal creativity as a linguistic phenomenon, while Bakhtin refers to the space and time of aesthetic reality, drawing a distinction between the composition and the architectonics of the literary work. It appears that the philosopher perceives the work as a field of dialogue between various subjects of consciousness (the author, the characters, the reader), while the literary critic proceeds from the author's primacy as creator of a system of artistic techniques, giving the reader a position of passive perception. It is concluded that both methods of analysis complement each other organically, Zhirmunsky analyzing the verbal-compositional dimensions of a literary work and Bakhtin its objective-architectonic dimension.


The semilinear relaxation was introduced by Jin and Xin [Comm. Pure Appl. Math. 48, 235{276, 1995] in order to approximate the conservation law @tu+@xf(u) = 0 for any ∞ux function f 2 C 1 (R; R). In this paper, we propose an alternate relaxation technique for scalar conservation laws of the form @tu + @x(u(1i u)g(u)) = 0, where g 2 C 1 ([0;1]; R) and 062 g(]0;1[). We extend this alternate philosophy to an arbitrary ∞ux function f whenever possible. Unlike the semilinear approach, the new relaxation strategy does not involve any tuning parameter, but makes use of the Born-Infeld system. Another advantage of this method is that it enables us to achieve a maximum principle on the velocities w = (1iu)g and z =iug, which turns out to be a physically interesting and helpful feature in the context of some two-phase ∞ow problems.


In the Crops Regulatory Programs of the Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, there are two Divisions: the plant Pest Control Division and the Plant Quarantine Division. The case for a strong plant Quarantine program will be made by G. F. callaghan in the following paper. My part in this symposium is to make clear the need for the control of plant pests, usually of foreign origin. I do not feel that I can confine my part of this discussion to the agricultural economy. I would suggest that we will be talking about more than the agricultural economy; we will be talking about the conservation of our natural resources and the part plant pest control programs play in permitting us to make intelligent and full use of these resources.


Autoimmune epilepsy (AE) is a general term to describe recurrent seizures that have an immune-mediated origin. It is increasingly being recognized as a cause of epilepsy due to accumulating evidence supporting an immunemediated pathogenesis in patients who have shown resistance to traditional antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). The diagnosis of AE is one of the exclusions. Currently, there are no strict diagnostic guidelines for AE, and it is similarly under-recognized. The importance of early diagnosis of AE cannot be overstated, as prompt immunotherapy is important for seizure reduction. Further investigations into potential biomarkers are needed for early detection of AE and include targeted immunotherapies in combination with AEDs. The goal of this review was to provide an overview of the following biomarkers that have been associated with AE: AMPAR, LGl1, CASPR2, DPPX, GABAAR, GABABR, GFAP, GlyR, mGluR5, NMDAR, VGCC (P/Q types), amphiphysin, ANNA-1, CRMP-5, GAD65, and Ma1/


The results of studies on the creation of highly metalltceolitnyh systems and the study of their catalytic activities in the oxidation of lower olefin hydrocarbons (ethylene to acetaldehyde, acetone, propylene, butylene methyl ethyl ketone); aliphatic C1-C5 alcohols to their corresponding aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids and carboxylic acid esters; oxidative dehydrogenation of naphthenes in the alicyclic diene hydrocarbons and the oxidative dimerization of methane to acetylene. It has been established that the selectivity of these catalysts determined optimal combination of metal components with the acidity and the structure of the zeolite. Selected highly effective catalysts for the reactions studied. Based on the results of experimental studies of the kinetics of the reactions of oxidation of lower olefin hydrocarbons and aliphatic alcohols, the oxidative dehydrogenation of naphthenes and oxidative coupling of methane on the synthesized catalysts are represented by their probable stepwise mechanism and kinetic models developed reactions.


Hypothesis / aims of study Many surgical procedures for stress urinary incontinence (SUI) have been reported, and the best one remains controversial. Most of the research focuses on the comparison of the effectiveness and safety among different surgical techniques of suburethral sling. However, little data are available on the influence of the position of the suburethral sling on the treatment outcomes of SUI. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the position of the suburethral sling and the outcomes of anti-incontinence surgery.


In the construction of asphalt mixture pavement, there are many paving construction procedures, high requirements for machinery and personnel, unreasonable technology and so on. In this paper, the millimeter-scale 3D automatic paving control technology of asphalt mixture pavement is studied with an engineering example. From the analysis of the test results in the later stage of construction, it can be seen that the technology has achieved the goal of high precision paving, and the successful application of the technology provides valuable reference experience for similar asphalt concrete pavement construction in the future.


This paper describes the analysis results about register of Vietnamese tones in continuous speech. The obtained results shows that the classification of the registers of Vietnamese tones into two groups (high and low) which is commonly used in isolated words is not appropriate in continuous speech. The register of tone has to be considered in a specific context because of the influence of tonal coarticulation effect.


At present, the CT guidance method allows surgeons to quickly locate the lesion area; however, it is necessary to manually adjust the position of the puncture needle for insertion. In this paper, we designed a robotic system which is capable to hold the puncture needle and automatically adjust the angle and the position of the needle tip according to the guidance of CT image. In order to guarantee the operational space of the robot does not affect the CT image during the needle position procedure, a cable-driven design is developed, which allows the robot to achieve flexible and enhanced puncture position under CT environment. To verify the feasibility of the robot design, a PID controller was designed to improve the accuracy of the needle position in the puncture system, experimental studies have also been performed using IMU to validate the needle position, and the result shows that the designed robot can achieve accurate needle position.


It is hard to serve modern city aerial defence by traditional communication means.Wireless light communication is almost the only choice.Therefore a design project of aerial intelligence communication is put forward by communacation technique with air laser,which has a good corresponding effect in experiment.


An explicit representation formula with Martin boundary for all positive ancient solutions of the heat equation in the euclidean case is found. In the Riemannian case with nonnegative Ricci curvature, a similar but less explicit formula is also found. Here it is proven that any positive ancient solution is the standard Laplace transform of positive solutions of the family of elliptic operators Δ – s with s > 0. Further relaxation of the curvature assumption is also possible. It is also shown that the linear space of ancient solutions of polynomial growth has finite dimension and these solutions are polynomials in time. © 2018 the Authors. Communications on Pure and Applied Mathematics is published by the Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences and Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


The interpretation of EO data requires not only data and/or information fusion for better understanding of Earth cover structures, but, at a higher level, needs the aggregation with existing bodies of knowledge specific to the application fields


Acrylic bone cement is a poly(methyl methacrylate)-based material that ensures short-term stability of orthopedic implants after surgery. Its long-term performance can be affected by many factors (e.g., composition, cement mixing and delivery method, temperature, humidity). Furthermore, patient activities produce a spectrum of cyclic loads that generate microdamage within the acrylic bone cement mantle. Therefore, pre-clinical studies on fatigue damage of acrylic bone cements are essential for predicting the long-term stability of cemented implants. There are several methods for analyzing damage of acrylic bone cement. However, they present a number of limitations. The aim of this study was to validate the use of a high-resolution scanner to analyze the presence of microcracks in acrylic bone cement. The proposed method met predetermined criteria to overcome limitations of previous methods, ensuring approximate spatial resolution of 5 microns, reduction of image acquisition time, and reduction of artifacts due to operator and/or environment during image acquisition. Additionally, the described method was applied to three types of acrylic bone cement specimens that previously were subjected to a fatigue test. The presented method enables the accurate assessment of fatigue damage induced during cycling loading, including quantification of the number, length, type and position of cement cracks.


Using the Bekenstein upper bound for the ratio of the entropy $S$ of any bounded system, with energy $E = Mc^2$ and effective size $R$, to its energy $E$ i.e. $S/E < 2\pi k R/\hbar c$, we combine it with the holographic principle (HP) bound ('t Hooft and Susskind) which is $S \le \pi k c^3R^2/\hbar G$. We find that, if both bounds are identical, such bounded system is a black hole (BH). For a system that is not a BH the two upper bounds are different. The entropy of the system must obey the lowest bound. If the bounds are proportional, the result is the proportionality between the mass M of the system and its effective size $R$. When the constant of proportionality is $2G/c^2$ the system in question is a BH, and the two bounds are identical. We analyze the case for a universe. Then the universe is a BH in the sense that its mass $M$ and its Hubble size $R \approx ct$, t the age of the universe, follow the Schwarzschild relation $2GM/c^2 = R$. Finally, for a BH, the Hawking and Unruh temperatures are the same. Applying this to a universe they define the quantum of mass $\sim 10^{-66} g$ for our universe.


Background Growth arrest–specific 2 like 3 (GAS2L3) is a cytoskeleton-associated protein that interacts with actin filaments and tubulin. Abnormal GAS2L3 expression has been reported to be associated with carcinogenesis. However, the biological role of GAS2L3 in glioma remains to be determined. Methods The transcriptome level of GAS2L3 and its relationship with clinicopathological characteristics were analyzed among multiple public databases and clinical specimens. Bioinformatics analyses were conducted to explore biological functions and prognostic value of GAS2L3 in glioma. Results GAS2L3 was substantially expressed in glioma, and high GAS2L3 expression correlated with shorter overall survival time and poor clinical variables. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), single-sample gene-set enrichment analysis, and CIBERSORT algorithm analyses showed that GAS2L3 expression was closely linked to immune-related pathways, inflammatory activities, and immune cell infiltration. Moreover, GAS2L3 was synergistic with T cell–inflamed gene signature, immune checkpoints, T-cell receptor diversities, and neoantigen numbers. Conclusion This study suggests that GAS2L3 is a prognostic biomarker for glioma, providing a reference for further study of the potential role of GAS2L3 in the immunomodulation of glioma.


The aim management is a scientific managing method, it has the notable characteristics and applying rules.The model class is a standard, innovative, improving class mass.Practising the aim management in model class will improve the class atmosphere and strengthen the class unity.


Current management guidelines recognize the impact of hepatic versus peritoneal sided gallbladder cancers (GBC) on survival. However, no data exist regarding the significance of anatomic tumor location within the gallbladder.


s of papers produced in WP7 Product Mix Exchanges, Efficiency and Power System Flexibility: This paper develops extensions to the Product-Mix Auction (PMA), which are generalized under the name of Product-Mix Exchanges (PMEs): double, multi-unit combinatorial auctions in which buyers and sellers report substitutable preferences over bundles of goods. A key feature of PMEs is that participants can buy and sell without having a fixed role as buyers or sellers, effectively swapping over the two sides of the market. Furthermore, PMEs are applicable when goods are divisible or indivisible and strong substitute or ordinary substitute preferences are imposed on market participants. The main contributions of the paper are, first, applying existing tropical geometric techniques to the analysis of substitutable preferences. Second, proposing a linear programming approach to identify if a set of valuations have equilibrium with indivisibility. Third, analysing the conditions under which Vickrey-Clarke-Groves (VCG) payments can support the efficient allocation of a PME. Finally, I apply the PME framework to the design of a marketplace for power system flexibility, namely the Delta Energy Market in which quantity flexibility and time shifting products are traded. JEL codes: D44, D47, D82, C61, C65 Flexibility-Enabling Contracts in Electricity Markets: this paper asks the fundamental question of how should the provision of power system flexibility, a multi-dimensional commodity whose elements are non-separable and imperfectly substitutable, be incentivised? We model the procurement of flexibility services from emerging small resources through bilateral contracts in a multidimensional adverse selection setting. Taking a normative perspective and show how efficient contracts for flexibility services can be designed given its peculiarity as an economic commodity. Through a simulation analysis we elucidate the applicability of the proposed model and demonstrate the way it can be utilised in, for example, a thermostat-based demand response programme. JEL codes: D82, D86, L14, L94 Trading Demand-Side Flexibility in Power Markets: This paper focuses on the particular kind of flexibility that can be harnessed from demand-side resources, as mediated by a technological solution, i.e. the Smart Grid, which reduces transaction costs to a negligible level. In contrast to price-based demand response, the bilateral baseline model of flexibility trading of this paper models incentive-based contracts in which consumers are remunerated for their willingness to modify demand. With a Nash bargaining approach, the baseline model of this paper shows that it is possible for an aggregator and a consumer to gain from trading flexibility in single-shot transD101-TotalFlex_report WP10 Management © Copyright TotalFlex 2017, All Rights Reserved Page 71 actions. Taking a long-term perspective, the model shows that agents must be able to trade for a sufficiently long period to cover investment costs. Furthermore, the way in which these are shared determines how favourable the conditions are for consumers. Relative to the case in which costs are symmetrically shared, when the consumer faces a relatively higher cost than the aggregator, the consumer is able to obtain a better deal for its flexibility. Such a finding relates to the possibility of a network effect in the aggregation business, which requires some degree of scale economies in the flexibility-enabling technology. By extension, this result speaks about the possibility of introducing competition among aggregators in a potential market for flexibility. JEL codes: L94, C78, L14 Business Models for Power System Flexibility: New Actors, New Roles, New Rules: This chapter identifies and analyses existing business models that enable power system flexibility, a requirement that is not actually novel but is becoming critical for the successful integration of renewables. We find that technological innovation with the Smart Grid as catalyst is essential to enable the flexibility of existing resources in the power system and note that many of these developments are already taking place. We claim that, as a result, an entirely different electricity industry is emerging: one in which new activities are being added to the traditional supply chain, contesting the status quo. Incumbents, who rely on traditional, large scale industrial assets are beginning to compete with entrants who depend on a non-traditional, knowledge-based mode of operation. JEL code: L94 Power System Flexibility: A product design perspective: By way of concrete examples from the short-term operation of the Danish and Californian power systems, this paper illustrates the need for flexibility when integrating renewables and reviews the existing literature on the topic. Motivated by the technical characteristics of power system flexibility, the paper then presents two simple, yet relevant contributions of normative nature. The first of these consists in three economic postulates that should guide the economic modelling of flexibility. Specifically, the paper argues that flexibility has multiple attributes, which are imperfectly substitutable and that flexibility is an inherently heterogeneous commodity. The second contribution is a set of desirable properties that any product design should have to actually enable flexibility, namely simplicity, measurability and relevance. The chapter ends with a review of existing product designs for power system flexibility. JEL codes: L94, D47 Presentations by PhD student Luis Boscan from WP7 Product-Mix Exchanges, Efficiency and Power System Flexibility: Workshop: New Trends in Mechanism Design III. Copenhagen, 17-19 August 2015, Denmark. Organized by the Centre for Electronic Markets (CFEM). Conference on Economic Design 2015. Istanbul, 1-4 July 2015, Turkey. Organized by the Society for Economic Design. Flexibility-Enabling Contracts in Electricity Markets: 38th IAEE International Conference. Antalya, 25-27 May 2015, Turkey. Organized by the International Association for Energy Economics (IAEE). Trading demand-side Flexibility in Power Markets: Young Energy Economists and Engineers Seminar. Leuven, 27-28 November 2014, Belgium. Organized by the Young Energy Economists and Engineers Seminar (YEEES) network. Danish Graduate Program in Economics Workshop 2014. Nyborg, 13-14 November 2014, Denmark. Organized by the Danish Graduate Program in Economics (DGPE). 14th IAEE European Energy Conference. Rome, 28-31 October, Italy. Organized by the International Association for Energy Economics (IAEE). D101-TotalFlex_report WP10 Management © Copyright TotalFlex 2017, All Rights Reserved Page 72 10 WP8 – Demonstration In the TotalFlex project most of the functionality have been implemented and demonstrated live at several occasions. Key actors in a simple Market Place A simple scenario with key actors are defined. Those will be the main actors in the demonstration and their connections are shown here: DSO Existing electricity markets Market Place for flexibility


Hybridization between diverging lineages is associated with the generation and loss of species diversity, introgression, adaptation, and changes in reproductive mode, but it is unknown when and why it results in these divergent outcomes. We estimate a comprehensive evolutionary network for the largest group of unisexual vertebrates and use it to understand the evolutionary outcomes of hybridization. Our results show that rates of introgression between species decrease with time since divergence and suggest that species must attain a threshold of evolutionary divergence before hybridization results in transitions to unisexuality. Rates of hybridization also predict genome-wide patterns of genetic diversity in whiptail lizards. These results distinguish among models for hybridization that have not previously been tested and suggest that the evolutionary outcomes can be predictable. Description Divergent species create distinct hybrids Hybridization between species is common in many taxa and can lead to a variety of outcomes. Hybrids can backcross with parent lineages, increasing genetic diversity, or they can develop into new species. In squamate lizards, hybridization can create polyploid species with unisexual reproduction (parthenogenesis). Barley et al. used North American whiptail lizards, which include 15 recognized unisexual species, as a model system to examine the possible outcomes of hybridization. Phylogenetic analyses showed that divergence time between parents predicts the effects of their hybridization. Hybrid speciation and unisexuality were more common with more time since the parent species diverged from a common ancestor. —BEL Evolutionary time since divergence predicts outcomes of hybridization in a diverse lizard clade.


A cooling control apparatus for a battery pack according to the present invention comprises: a temperature sensor which measures the temperature of a battery pack; a blower module which makes a cooling medium flow into the battery pack by driving a fan; and a control unit which controls the blower module to be driven so as to allow for different flow rates of the cooling medium to flow into the battery pack depending on the temperature information inputted from the temperature sensor.; The present invention drives a differential cooling mechanism according to temperature distribution or the situation of the battery pack, so that it is possible to both stabilize battery pack operation and optimize energy utilization for greater efficiency, and it is also possible to more effectively troubleshoot the error states of the cooling system of the battery pack, and the method can be applied to the battery control and user interfacing, thereby making it possible to provide a cooling control apparatus which is more stable and enhances user convenience.


Current shear design technology in the United States for lumber or glued-laminated beams is confusing. This report summarizes shear stress and strength research including both analytical and experimental approaches. Both checked and unchecked beams are included. The analytical work has been experimentally verified for only limited load conditions and span-to-depth ratios. Future research is required to better define the effects of beam size, load configuration, checks, and combined stresses on shear design.


Diffusion tensor imaging plays an important role in the accurate diagnosis and prognosis of spinal cord diseases. However, because of technical limitations, the imaging sequences used in this technique cannot reveal the fine structure of the spinal cord with precision. We used the readout segmentation of long variable echo-trains (RESOLVE) sequence in this cross-sectional study of 45 healthy volunteers aged 20 to 63 years. We found that the RESOLVE sequence significantly increased the resolution of the diffusion images and improved the median signal-to-noise ratio of the middle (C4–6) and lower (C7–T1) cervical segments to the level of the upper cervical segment. In addition, the values of fractional anisotropy and radial diffusivity were significantly higher in white matter than in gray matter. Our study verified that the RESOLVE sequence could improve resolution of diffusion tensor imaging in clinical applications and provide accurate baseline data for the diagnosis and treatment of cervical spinal cord diseases.


In 1988, German‐speaking economists plan to celebrate the 150th anniversary of Gustav von Schmoller. Yet, in contemporary America, Schmoller is hardly known. His work is almost completely locked up in the German language, save for his The Mercantile System and its Historical Significance, published in 1888 and his essay on "The Idea of Justice in Political Economy". Furthermore, because he was not an econometrician or a mathematical economist, nobody has much use for Schmoller today anyway.


Background To test contemporary rates and predictors of open conversion at minimally invasive (laparoscopic or robotic) radical prostatectomy (MIRP). Methods Within the National Inpatient Sample database (2008-2015) we identified all MIRP patients and patients that underwent open conversion at MIRP. First, estimated annual percentage changes (EAPC) tested temporal trends of open conversion. Second, multivariable logistic regression models predicted open conversion at MIRP. All models were weighted and adjusted for clustering, as well as all available patient and hospital characteristics. Results Of 57,078 MIRP patients, 368 (0.6%) underwent open conversion. The rates of open conversion decreased over time (from 1.80 to 0.38%; EAPC:-26.0%; p=0.003). In multivariable logistic regression models predicting open conversion, patient obesity (OR:2.10; p<0.001), frailty (OR:1.45; p=0.005) and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI)≥2 (OR:1.57; p=0.03) achieved independent predictor status. Moreover, compared to high volume hospitals, medium volume (OR:2.03; p<0.001) and low volume hospitals (OR:3.86; p<0.001) were associated with higher rates of open conversion. Last but not least, when the interaction between the number of patient risk factors (obesity and/or frailty and/or CCI≥2) and hospital volume was tested, a dose-response effect was observed. Specifically, the rates of open conversion ranged from 0.3% (patients with 0 risk factors treated at high volume hospitals) to 2.2% (patients with 2-3 risk factors treated at low volume hospitals). Conclusion Overall contemporary (2008-2015) rate of open conversion at MIRP was 0.6% and it was strongly associated with patient obesity, frailty, CCI≥2 and hospital surgical volume. In consequence, these parameters should be taken into account during preoperative patients counselling, as well as in clinical and administrative decision making.


Using a result of Vdovina, we may associate to each complete connected bipartite graph κ a two-dimensional square complex, which we call a tile complex, whose link at each vertex is κ. We regard the tile complex in two different ways, each having a different structure as a 2-rank graph. To each 2-rank graph is associated a universal C -algebra, for which we compute the K-theory, thus providing a new infinite collection of 2-rank graph algebras with explicit K-groups. We determine the homology of the tile complexes and give generalisations of the procedures to complexes and systems consisting of polygons with a higher number of sides. 2020 Mathematics subject classification: primary 57M60; secondary 19M05.


The genetic algorithm was used to optimize the full structure radial basis probabilistic neural networks(RBPNN), including selecting the hidden centers vectors of the first hidden layer and determining the matching controlling parameters of kernel function of RBPNN. The proposed genetic encoding method not only completely embodies the space distribution characterizes of pattern samples, but also simultaneously achieves the optimum number of the selected hidden centers vectors and the matching controlling parameters of the kernel function. The novelly constructed fitting function can efficiently control the error accuracy of the RBPNN output. The experimental results show that the algorithm effectivelfies simpliy the structure of PBPNN.


The incidence of Merkel cell carcinoma, an aggressive neuroendocrine skin cancer, has grown rapidly since the disease was first described in 1972.


In this research, I explore how distributed applications can achieve fine-grain adaptation in a mobile environment. I put forth the thesis that this can be achieved by exploiting context information, and support the idea with two applications: browsing the web on a mobile device, and continuous remote health monitoring of individuals.


In this article, Heather Steffen reflects on her recent participation in a student-faculty collaborative research project, All Worked Up: A Project about Student Labor, and her experience teaching critical university studies. She considers the questions: What does critical university studies offer to students? What can students contribute to critical university studies? And how might such exchanges lead us beyond scholarship, enable us to build solidarity, and empower us to invent a new university, our university, that serves students, scholar-teachers, and its diverse publics rather than the imperatives of neoliberal capital? Because critical university studies has both scholarly and social justice goals, Steffen argues, we must continually look for ways to connect our research and writing to collective action. Research collaborations involving students, faculty, staff, and community members are not only important sites for learning and teaching, but also for creating the personal relationships, networks, knowledge base, and skills required to build solidarity and enact change in higher education.


The production schedules of males and reproductive females by the foundress queens and the ratios of parental investment in males and reproductive females (investment sex ratios) of successful colonies are compared for several temperate and subtropical paper wasps. The production schedules are classified into three types: males and reproductive females are produced simultaneously (simultaneous production), males are produced before reproductive females (protandrous production), and reproductive females are produced before males (protogynous production). The investment sex ratios for various species vary from about parity to a strong predominance of females. But significant combinations of the production-schedule type and the magnitude of the investment ratio are found. In four species with simultaneous production, the investment ratios are about 1:1. In five species with protandrous production, the ratio is more than 4:1, except for one species, for which the investment ratio seems to be underestimated. In three species with protogynous production, the female bias is moderate in two species and strong in one. The possible causes leading to these results are discussed. This study shows the error of using a single explanation for the investment sex ratios of annual paper wasps and the importance of a close examination of the social system of each species.


Introduction and purpose: pregnancy and childbirth are mentally and physiologically required by females, and gestation is the symbol of their self actualization and identity. The stress of infertility causes impairment of dyadic satisfaction, diminution of confidence and depletion of couple's sexual communication times. In this study the purpose was to compare the dyadic adjustment rate and sexual function of infertile and fertile female referring to Be'sat Hospital of Sanandaj city. Articles and Methods : This research method was the kind of scientific-comparative study, and selecting method of samples was voluntary, therefore 240 female 120 of whom were fertile female referring to Be'sat Hospital Clinic of Sanandaj and 120 infertile ones referring to Be'sat Hospital infertility center of Sanandaj were selected. The Data collection tools include Spanier's Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS) questionnaire and Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), and the U Mann Whitney Test is used to analyze the data. Findings: The result of the study didn't demonstrate significant differences between the dyadic adjustment rate and the sexual function of fertile and infertile female. In the sub scales of dyadic adjustment the significant difference (p≤0/01) was only seen in the sub scales of double consistency, agreement and love expression. In the female's sub scales of sexual function, only the vaginal moisture with (P=0/024) was significant and there were no significant differences in other sub scales. Conclusion: according to the result of this study, the infertility is not supposed to have considerable effect on the dyadic adjustment rate and the infertile female's sexual function, and even in some sub scales the infertile female's dyadic adjustment and sexual function is better than fertile ones.


The invention pertains to controlled release excipient composition suitable in formulation of a slow or extended release tablet, wherein the composition contains a synergistic mixture of substantially uncross-linked carboxymethyl starch, or sodium starch glycolate (SSG), and a hydrophilic, non-ionic cellulose ether, preferably hydroxypropylmethylcellulose. Whether or not a SSG in the mixture is sufficiently uncross-linked in the context of the invention can be determined by means of sedimentation: 0.25 g of the formulation in 100 ml deionized water after 24 hours at 25 °C, if subjected to centrifugation at 6080 G at 25 °C for 15 minutes, should exhibit a sedimentation volume of more than 60 ml.


Bile acids in gallbladder and fistula bile and the hepatic structure were studied in hamsters fed gallstone inducing diets with and without supplementation of cholestyramine or thyroxine. The predominant bile acids identified were cholic, chenodeoxycholic, deoxycholic, 7-keto-deoxycholic and 7α, 12α-dihydroxy-3-keto-5β-cholanoic acids. Small amounts of 7-ketolitho-cholic, 12-ketolithocholic, 12α-hydroxy-3-keto-5β-cholanoic, allocholic and (tentatively) urso-deoxycholic acids were also found. The mean of the chenodeoxycholic/cholic acid ratios in hamsters fed a diet favouring the formation of cholesterol gallstones was 0.88 and fell to about 0.04 when 3 % cholestyramine was added to the diet. Thyroxine caused a similar but less striking fall of this ratio. The bile acid/cholesterol ratio was lower in animals on the cholesterol stone inducing diet and was increased by cholestyramine administration, which prevented the formation of cholesterol stones. As in previous work, morpho-histochemical changes were found in the hepatic parenchymal cells almost exclusively of hamsters treated with the thyroxine containing diet which induces predominantly pigmented stones. Electron microscopy showed the cells to contain numerous lipid droplets and clusters of autophagic vacuoles. Possible relationships between biliary bile acids, cholesterol and gallstone formation and the effects of cholestyramine and thyroxine are discussed.


At the beginning of the 19 th Century different publishers, printers and booksellers distributed Don Quixote by Cervantes in Mexico City; these businessmen bought commercial spaces in newspapers and magazines to promote their editions. This exploration collects those advertisements to identify the publications that were traded during the first three decades of independent Mexico. The search was made in digital periodical libraries of Mexico and Spain, and the information assisted to identify 10 editions produced in Madrid, Paris, Barcelona and Mexico. The results helped to understand book commercialization, and to recognize aspects about its dissemination among Mexican readers.


A first course in computer programming using PASCAL , A first course in computer programming using PASCAL , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی


The purpose of the thesis is to show the standpoint of Slovenian teachers towards the educational plan in primary schools and also to describe how an educational plan is made. In the theoretical part I have defined the area of education and described the role and objectives of education in public schools. I have paid special attention to the educational plan, where I presented what the educational plan represents, how it is made and what content does it include. In the empirical part I have been researching the meaning and attitude of teachers towards the educational plan. For the purpose of the research I have made a questioner, which has been taken by 86 teachers from 10 Slovenian schools. The results have shown that teachers have a very positive standpoint towards the educational plan and that the majority of them evaluate the educational plan as important. The majority of teachers have justified the importance of the educational plan with the argument, that the educational plan provides a unified educational functioning environment for teachers, they have also pointed out that the educational plan of the school is formed in a team, with the participation of all employees of teaching staff, but only a few have mentioned the collaboration with students or their parents. The majority of teachers surveyed are satisfied with their profession and when planning their lessons, they do follow the educational effects of teaching, which means that they are aware of the importance of education in schools.


Gender inequalities perpetuated by educational and occupational segregation may be exacerbated in part by socialization processes that occur in the years leading up to when high school students typically begin considering postsecondary options. Students' feelings of self-efficacy in certain subjects can be an important factor that informs their decisions to pursue coursework and programs. This study used stereotype theory to understand how students' perceptions of their 9th math teacher's fairness affected their 11th grade math efficacy and how this relationship was moderated by the gender of the student and their math teacher. Using the High School Longitudinal Study of 2009, linear regression models predicting students' math efficacy in 2012 indicated that students have higher levels of math efficacy when they perceive their math teachers as more fair, though this relationship was explained away by controls. An additional interaction term between student gender and math teacher gender revealed that girls' efficacy is more strongly affected by perceptions of their male math teachers than perceptions of their female math teachers. This finding may be explained by the persistence of stereotypes around math that assume male superiority in the subject, which leads students to see their male math teachers as true authorities in math as opposed to their female math teachers.


At the beginning of rapid African urbanisation in the mid‐1930s, the African retail trade in Salisbury was set for promising growth. However, in the following twenty years this growth was effectively dwarfed by the segregatory policies and bureaucratic legalism of the settler administration. These restrictions were imposed upon African businesses because whites wanted to 'keep the city white' and not because they were afraid of black competition. Whites rather wanted to protect their socio‐cultural environment than their businesses, which were under no real threat from African traders.


At present, artificial intelligence is developing rapidly in the short video industry. Artificial intelligence can almost replace people to complete many complicated tasks which are time-consuming and laborious, and can complete the production, editing, shooting and even the performance of actors in short video. These powerful functions, while serving human beings, have many disadvantages. We should keep rational thinking about them to make artificial intelligence technology better empower the creation.


Beri-beri used to be a common disease in tropical and sub-tropical areas as well as in the crews of ships on the high seas (Wilcocks and Manson-Bahr, 1972). Nowadays, however, it is uncommon and the wet type even rare. In western countries the dry type is rarely encountered and is invariably associated with chronic alcoholism. It is thus identified as a conditioned deficiency disease (Scott, 1978). Generally, however, beri-beri in both childhood and adulthood is present in association with protein-calorie malnutrition (Moran and Greene, 1979). Beri-beri is caused by deficiency of vitamin B1 (aneurin or thiamine). The pyrophosphate ester of thiamine is a co-carboxylase which catalyses the decarboxylation and oxidation of pyruvic acid in living matter, and is thus involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates in the Krebs citric acid cycle (Wilcocks and Manson-Bahr, 1972).


Recently, we have extended the combined sensitivity analysis /molecular dynamics method 1,2 to identify the most important parameters of the flexible SPC and TIP3P water models in determining the thermodynamical and structural properties of liquid water. 3,4 Since the SPC and the TIP3P models do not include molecular polarizability explicitly, it is difficult to examine the role of molecular polarizability in determining the properties of liquid water. In this paper, we carry out a sensitivity analysis on a newly developed polarizable water model. We have systematically investigated the possible responses of the structural and thermodynamical properties of this polarizable water model when the potential parameters of the model are perturbed


AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to discuss the notion of instructional leadership and to apply it to the South African context, drawing on international and South African literature and research. It also addresses the conceptual and semantic confusion arising from the use of overlapping terminology to describe this aspect of leadership. This topic is significant because of increasing recognition that instructional leadership is one of the most important (if not the most important) activities for principals and other school leaders. Its centrality has been recognized by the inclusion of Managing Teaching and Learning as a core module in the national ACE: School Leadership programme. The paper discusses international and local research and literature to develop a grounded framework for instructional leadership in South Africa.


The following are the major conclusion obtained for the analyzed data: the biological collects were realized nonthly, during the period of January/1995 to December/1999, totalizing 13.721 individual, 52,6% being females; male averaged 16,1 mm in cephalothorax length and female 18,8 mm; the highest caught for the species were obtained for cephalothorax length between 11 mm and 27 mm; the recruitment to both sexes is of bimodal type, with peaks in April and October; the first maturation is 13,5 mm of cephalothorax


The rate of atmospheric corrosion of the transuranic (TRU) waste drums at the US Department of Energy's Hanford Project, near Richland, Washington, was evaluated by Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL). The rate of corrosion is principally contingent upon the effects of humidity, airborne pollutants, and temperature. Results of the study indicate that actual penetration of barrels due to atmospheric corrosion will probably not occur within the 20-year specified recovery period. Several other US burial sites were surveyed, and it appears that there is sufficient uncertainty in the available data to prevent a clearcut statement of the corrosion rate at a specific site. Laboratory and site tests are recommended before any definite conclusions can be made. The corrosion potential at the Hanford TRU waste site could be reduced by a combination of changes in drum materials (for example, using galvanized barrels instead of the currently used mild steel barrels), environmental exposure conditions (for example, covering the barrels in one of numerous possible ways), and storage conditions (for example, separating the layers of barrels with slats of wood instead of sheets of plywood).


The possibilities of improving the efficiency of millimeter-wave gyrotron with multimode interaction fields of whispering gallery waves in a relativistic helical electron beam. It is shown that two-mode gyrotron compared with single-mode allows you to raise the efficiency from 40 to 45%.


In order to identify the productive and economic potential of pineapple cultivation at the hydrological response unit, basin and state level, considering the yield and the cost-benefit ratio (RB/C), a technical-economic study was carried out, in the main producing states of the Humid Tropics of Mexico. To this end, the potential yield of total aerial biomass and pineapple fruit was simulated and mapped in nine states in the south-southeast of Mexico and the areas with the greatest potential for cultivation were identified. Likewise, the establishment, maintenance and income costs of the shade net technology package were estimated and the financial profitability of the crop was evaluated for each identified region. The results show that pineapple cultivation is profitable when more than 45.8 t ha is produced. 596 666 ha were identified with the potential to produce pineapple, located in Campeche, Chiapas, Oaxaca, Puebla, Quintana Roo, Tabasco, Veracruz and Yucatán, being the state of Campeche the one that presented the highest yield (90 t ha) and a RB/C of 1.88. It is concluded that pineapple production is profitable in those regions that present ideal agroecological conditions for its production.


The availability of conventional ingredients for fish feed is limited by increasing demand for human consumption and by other animal feed industries. Wild plants can offer a convenient but cheaper source of nutrients required in tropical fish diet. In this study, we evaluate the growth performance of Clarias gariepinus (African catfish) juvenile fed practical diet of Cissus populnea root meal (CpRM) as a partial and total protein replacement for soybean meal to achieve a least cost production ration. Three dietary treatments feed were formulated such that diet 1 serves as control diet (0% CpRM), while diets 2 and 3 were formulated from the meal with Cissus populnea root substituting soybean meal at 50% and total replacement at 100% respectively and fed to C. gariepinus of average weight of 7±2g for 10 weeks in adapted aquaria. The feeding trials revealed that Clarias gariepinus responded to all the diets, Mean weight gain decreased as inclusion level increased thus the diet with highest inclusion of CpRM (100%) gave the poorest performance in all the value that is lower than the other diets though not significantly different. The best mean weight gain, SGR, FCR, PER, and PER value were 318.5, 0.72% /day, 1.62, 1.55, 2.94g were obtained in the control diet and this was not significantly different (p>0.05) from the value recorded for diets 2 and 3. The total amount spent on feed formulation of diets 1, 2 and 3 are ₦872.26 (), ₦772.37 and ₦692.68 while economic conversion ratio were ₦1413.06, ₦1390.27 and ₦1946.43 respectively at exchange rate of ₦155.60 to $1. Though soybean meal as a protein source was superior in converting the feed than Cissus populnea root meal, however, inclusion of CpRM in the diet at 50% dietary level produced similar results and the fish grew relatively well with least economic conversion rate. This has economic significance considering that soybean has become expensive, being competed for as food by man and livestock in many developing countries including Nigeria.


We propose an enhanced precision channel state acquisition scheme for downlink Multi-User MIMO (MU-MIMO) transmission with a large number of transmit antennas at the base station. The proposed scheme is an attempt to harvest the Channel State Information (CSI) at the transmitter by incrementally improving the precision of the channel knowledge. We show how, in an LTE-Advanced system, CSI harvesting mechanism followed by the conventional Zero-Forcing Beam-Forming (ZFBF) results in improved MU-MIMO performance, relative to the current method for acquiring CSI at the transmitter. The proposed progressive CSI harvesting scheme is also shown to yield significant saving in terms of feedback overhead. The implications of the larger MIMO systems and higher MU-MIMO ranks, and sensitivity to higher mobility are also discussed.


Quick response (QR) codes are two-dimensional barcodes that are used to encode and decode information. QR code is an innovative approach in which patient details and radiographic interpretation can be encoded. These QR codes can be shared efficiently worldwide with easy authentication. QR code is a boost to early diagnosis and retrospective studies. Implementing QR code in Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology will save time, eliminate paper work, and problems encountered in storage of patient details with radiographic interpretation and minimize manual efforts in retrieval of information.


In Part I of this paper the author presented and detailed the methods he suggested to account for the subject of quality of fancy yarn. These include all factors and concepts which should be used to account for the structure of various types of fancy yarn. In addition, the procedures and apparati needed to apply these methods were detailed. In Part II, however the author applied his method to deal with gimp yarn and bouclé yarn which are traditional two types of fancy yarn. A comparison between these methods and the traditional subjective method of quality assessments of fancy yarns revealed high levels of agreement. The author produced several different gimp yarns and boucle yarns and then used the Shape Factor of Fancy Yarn (ShF), the Relative Shape of Fancy Yarn (RSI) and Circularity Ratio of Fancy Profile(CR) to scientifically and objectively judge the quality of several gimp yarns and bouclé yarns. In the end, it was possible to arrange these yarns in ascending or descending order in terms of their quality, e.g. texture, structure, and fancy bulkiness.


Dielectric film on graphene severely affects the performance of graphene field-effect transistors (GFETs). The authors investigated AlN dielectric film on graphene by Raman microscopy. AlN deposition led to the appearance of disorder-related peaks and to a wider Raman-active peak. The intensities of the disorder-related modes decreased exponentially with an increase in the layer number of graphene, indicating that AlN dielectric film mainly affected the surface of graphene. According to the experimental results, the authors suggested that few-layer graphene might be a better choice than single-layer graphene for the application of GFET.


The fulfillment of children's right to participation in Kupang (East Nusa Tenggara) was still very low. Children only, as object of manipulation, decoration, and symbols in decision-making process. This issue become important for research cause right of participation can help grow up children confidence, communication skill, and social development. This descriptive qualitative study have purpose to describe levels of children's participation in family. Subjects numbered 15 people consist of eight children aged under 18 years, three facilitators of children's forum, and four parents. Sources of data are selected based on purposive sampling technique. Data collected by observation, interview, and documentation. The results showed that children assume that family has not been optimally fulfill children's right to participation. Many decisions are made unilaterally by parents, without listening to the opinion of the child first. Kupang society had a patriarchal culture that characteristic in educate children with violent. Children's opinions were often not considered, in contrast opinion of the adults were the most appropriate and correct.