In this paper, I use the following abbreviations: acc(usative case), (imperfective) adni(ominal), (modal) adnm (ominal ending), (perfective) adnp(ominal ending), c(o)mp(lementizer), dec(larative mood), imp(er)f(ective as- pect), n(or)m(ina)l(izer), nom(inativecase), p(a)st, pl(ural), top(ic).
The morpheme nun occurs with an eventive verb and expresses imperfectiveness of the event it denotes. If (u)n is used with an eventive verb, it expresses the perfectiveness of the event that the verb denotes. But it can occur with a stative verb with no meaning of perfectiveness. In addition to the two, the adnominal ending -(u)l often expresses a modal meaning, but there are cases it does not have any meaning of modality: e.g. … (u)l ttay 'when …'.


For software development, availability of resources is limited, thereby necessitating efficient and effective utilization of resources. This can be achieved through prediction of key attributes, which affect software quality such as fault proneness, change proneness, effort, maintainability, etc. The primary aim of this chapter is to investigate the relationship between object-oriented metrics and change proneness. Predicting the classes that are prone to changes can help in maintenance and testing. Developers can focus on the classes that are more change prone by appropriately allocating resources. This will help in reducing costs associated with software maintenance activities. The authors have constructed models to predict change proneness using various machine-learning methods and one statistical method. They have evaluated and compared the performance of these methods. The proposed models are validated using open source software, Frinika, and the results are evaluated using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis. The study shows that machine-learning methods are more efficient than regression techniques. Among the machine-learning methods, boosting technique (i.e. Logitboost) outperformed all the other models. Thus, the authors conclude that the developed models can be used to predict the change proneness of classes, leading to improved software quality.


This paper,on the basis of dimensional analysis,explains the generation of equipment support training ability with the systems theory,defines its basic elements,analyzes the relationships among them,and reveals its nature and characteristics,so as to lay a theoretical foundation for further equipment support training.


This article aims to investigate the reliability of self-assessment of the quality of life in patients with hiatal hernia after undergoing videolaparoscopic anti-reflux intervention. To achieve this, the responses to a questionnaire were compared with the results of a study on the failure of the cardia anti-reflux mechanism.Materials and methods. A total of 213 patients who underwent videolaparoscopic oesophagus fundoplication were included in this study. The participants completed three questionnaires: GORD-HRQL, GIQLI, and SF-36. The responses obtained from the questionnaires were then compared with the results of a cardia anti-reflux mechanism study, which involved X-ray endoscopy of the oesophagus and stomach, daily oesophageal pH-metry, and oesophagogastric junction manometry. Based on the responses to the three questionnaires, the quality of life index was calculated for all patients. Additionally, a composite index of cardia anti-reflux mechanism failure was computed to assess the severity of pathological gastro-oesophageal reflux and describe the effectiveness of the cardia anti-reflux mechanism in preventing it.Results. The comparison of the components forming the integral quality of life index with the composite index of cardia anti-reflux mechanism failure before and after the operation revealed an inverse relationship: as the values of the integral quality of life index decreased, the values of the composite index of cardia anti-reflux mechanism failure increased.Conclusion. The self-assessment of the quality of life by patients with GORD-associated hiatal hernia after anti-reflux intervention, as assessed through GORD-HRQL, GIQLI, and SF-36 questionnaires, is accurate and can be effectively utilized for screening and diagnosing disease recurrence.


The boundary integral equation method (BIEM) is applied to examine the effectiveness of both the vertical and the inclined thin breakwater. The BIEM has been used widely for free surface flow problems in both ground-water flows and water waves. For the present problems, modifications of the method are made to treat the velocity singularity at the tip of the breakwater and the zero thickness of the breakwater. The computational domain is truncated by introducing two auxiliary boundaries at some distance away from the break-water. Analytical solutions, which satisfy the governing equations and the radiation boundary condition, with unknown coefficients are used along the auxiliary boundaries. The accuracy of the numerical technique is demonstrated by comparing numerical results with analytical solutions for a vertical breakwater in a deep water. Numerical results in terms of both reflection coefficient and transmission coefficient are presented for both vertical and inclined thin breakwater.


The author, reflecting on the future of the electric power industry, cites three points. First, central electric systems and electricity must play a much greater role in providing refined energy than they do today. The price of foreign oil and the still emerging state of development of alternative technologies dictate that this will be the case. Second, a number of important public policy issues with respect to energy must be resolved if the industry is to fulfill that role. Finally, to resolve these issues, the industry must become more adept at participatig in the formulation of public policy. The author emphasized the importance of the contribution that an abundant and economical supply of electric power makes to the national life, both at the present time and for as far into the future as it is possible to see. He notes that future is not altogether unclouded and describes some of the pressing problems that must be resolved to enable the electric power industry to make its maximum contribution to the society of the future.


The structure of the icy shells of ocean worlds is important for understanding the stability of their underlying oceans as it controls the rate at which heat can be transported outward and radiated to space. Future spacecraft exploration of the ocean worlds (e.g., by NASA's Europa Clipper mission) will allow for higher-resolution measurements of gravity and shape than currently available. In this paper, we study the sensitivity of gravity–topography admittance to the structure of icy shells in preparation for future data analysis. An analytical viscous relaxation model is used to predict admittance spectra given different shell structures determined by the temperature-dependent viscosity of a tidally heated, conductive shell. We apply these methods to the ocean worlds of Europa and Enceladus. We find that admittance is sensitive to the mechanisms of topography support at different wavelengths and estimate the required gravity performance to resolve transitions between these mechanisms. We find that measuring admittance would be complementary to ice-penetrating radar in constraining shell thickness as it would cover the cases for which a direct ice–ocean interface detection is less favorable with radar, i.e., for warmer and thicker shells. Finally, we find that admittance may be used to constrain the tidal dissipation within the icy shell, which would be complementary to a more demanding measurement of the tidal phase lag.


authority on computational plasma physics, died on February 21, 1999. It was his fate to create this field of plasma physics from scratch, overcoming the difficulties that are tackled only by those who lead the way. He was able to make an important contribution to the progress in the theory of moderate turbulence in plasma, and has left a trace of indelible value in the Russian and world fundamental science by his research into self-organization of matter. Yuri|̄ Sergeevich Sigov was born on July 9, 1934 in the township of Krasny|̄ Luch of the Lugansk region. He was trained as nuclear physicist at Moscow State University; he lived in its student campus, was much loved by his fellow students, earned an honorary individual stipend, and graduated cum laude in 1958. It was a happy time for him, full of humor and intellectual give-and-take, and it shaped many outstanding sides of his character; it charged him with a good deal of optimism, with scientific daring and independence. Sigov's contemporaries, colleagues and disciples will remember Yuri|̄ Sergeevich as a kind, luminous person, young at heart. He worked in the M V Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics, RAS for more than 40 years. He presented and brilliantly defended his thesis for Candidate of Physicomathematical Sciences in 1965 and thesis for Doctorate of Physicomathematical Sciences in 1980, becoming a professor in 1989 and finally the Chief Researcher of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Sigov had created around himself a scientific school that was not limited to the laboratory of `Kinetic Models of Plasmas and Condensed Matters' which he headed for the last ten years. Yu S Sigov was a founder of the computational experiment in plasma physics both in Russia and in the world; using computers made in this country, which grew into powerful tools of modern research, he produced first-class results in space electrodynamics (1964 ± 1967), controlled nuclear fusion (1972 ± 1990) and synergetics. As early as in 1960s Sigov discovered strata of charge density in the wake of the plasma flow around a satellite; this was a result of the formation of a standing ion-acoustic wave in outer space. The development of complex kinetic codes based on the Vlasov ±Maxwell equations made it possible to obtain results of a principal nature in the theory of parametric plasma heating and in numerical kinetic models of plasma turbulence. In the early 1970s, Yu S Sigov laid the foundation of discrete simulation of plasmas by macroscopic particles (1974); this was later applied to studying the strong Langmuir turbulence (SLT) by the techniques of kinetic theory (1975). Indeed, the theoretical predictions (1964 ± 1972) on the importance of the modulation instability of plasma in the rise of electrostatic turbulence were confirmed by the numerical experiments on parametric plasma heating (1974 ± 1977) run at the M V Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics. Furthermore, the mechanism of collisionless absorption of high-frequency energy by the plasma, based on the concept of the Langmuir collapse, and the phenomenon of short-wave plasmon transfer across the spectrum were first deciphered in the 1970s owing to Yu S Sigov's calculations; their analysis indicated the prevalence of Landau damping in this mechanism. The power-law behavior of the Langmuir spectra and the exponential shape of the tails of the electron distribution function also followed from his unique numerical experiments. In his numerical experiments of 1976, Yu S Sigov obtained fundamental results, which were included to hisDSc thesis: he discovered the generation of short-wave ion sound at the kinetic phase of collapse in nonisothermal plasma; this pointed to a possible additional channel of collisionless dissipation of wave energy in the SLT conversion of plasmons on short-wave fluctuations of ion density. Sigov Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk 169 (8) 927 ± 928 (1999) Translated by V I Kisin PERSONALIA PACS number: 01.60.+q


Issue Integrative learning is a valuable experience for design students. Connecting theory from lecture courses with application in interior design studio courses enhances the learning process and provides multiple benefits. Goal This report identifies the process used and the results of such integrative learning. Description A small Victorian-era cottage, listed on the National Register and belonging to Colorado State University, was used as a learning experience in a junior-level design studio. Students were concurrently enrolled in a lecture course on the history of American interiors. Conclusion The results of the integration were highly successful in terms of student learning. Additional benefits to the students, the Interior Design program, and Colorado State University are discussed


The accelevation/deceleration control curve of linear,exponential,quartic,trigonometric,S curre in CNC system are analyzed,and the advantages of these acceleration/deceleration control algorithm are compared.


Novel circuit topology and advanced control technique of inverter are research focus for programmable AC power source. An improved dual buck half bridge inverter topology is introduced and the central symmetrical pulse width modulation mode is proposed to double the output current ripple frequency. High output precision can be achieved by optimizing the output waveforms of inverter. Then, a hybrid digital control scheme combining PID control with repetitive control as well as inductance compensation deadbeat control is presented for the closed loop voltage regulation of the mentioned inverter. Besides, an inductance saturation characteristic mathematic model is established for accurate simulation. Simulation results show that the theoretical analysis of the special switching sequence and hybrid control scheme is true.


The invention aims at providing a circuit board Dk testing method, which is low in cost and high in test accuracy and is capable of simultaneously obtaining Dk values of multi-layer cores and prepregs, and a circuit board Dk testing pattern employing the method. The pattern is designed on the cores in the circuit board; the pattern comprises a via hole and impedance lines; the via hole is communicated with the impedance lines; and the impedance lines are the impedance lines with different widths. The method provided by the invention comprises the following steps: (1) selecting materials; (2) selecting the prepregs and the cores (core); (3) designing a stack-up structure; (4) designing the pattern; (5) feeding the materials to fabricate the circuit board according to the conventional processes; (6) measuring the impedance by TDR; (7) testing slices in a testing region; (8) carrying out simulation by SI8000 software; and (9) exporting the corresponding Dk. The circuit board Dk testing method and the circuit board Dk testing pattern can be applied to the field of hole processing equipment.


Objective: This current investigation assesses in vivo central and peripheral analgesic effects and anti-inflammatory properties of fractions obtained from Galphimia glauca (GG) stem methanol extract.
Methods: The laboratory models such as Swiss albino mice and Wistar albino rats were employed in the studies. The GG stem methanol extract was subjected to fractionation with solvents such as hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol. Orally, the dose range of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg was given for 1 day for evaluating analgesic (hotplate test, tail clip test, writhing test, and formalin test) and weekdays for assessing anti-inflammatory activity (carrageenan and cotton pellet test methods), respectively. The experimental studies were further conducted for determining the involvement of central and peripheral receptor actions in the analgesic activity of the extract by prechallenging it with naloxone and acetic acid, respectively. The in vivo anti-inflammatory studies were conducted using carrageenan-induced rat paw edema model and cotton pellet granuloma test.
Results: The LD50 of the extract was found to be >2000 mg/kg b.w. The methanol fraction of 400 mg/kg dose exhibited significant (p≤0.001) and dose-dependent analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity. It also exhibited central and peripheral analgesic actions when treated with naloxone and acetic acid, respectively.
Conclusion: The results revealed that the stem methanol fraction has more potential in terms of analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties.


The tripartite pact, concluded by Germany, Italy, and Japan in 1940, sought to create a new global order. This article is part of a broader shift in scholarship, inspired by global and cultural history. Instead of revisiting the decision-making that led to the pact's conclusion, this article explores the pact through the dialectics of culture and power. Through an archive-based interpretation of the pact's signing and the celebrations of its anniversaries from 1941 until 1945 that involved ordinary people in Axis-dominated territories around the world, the central mechanisms of this global fascist alliance become clear. A performative diplomacy of power and unity held the alliance together. Style and substance were not mutually exclusive categories of tripartite politics; instead, 'real' and representational politics shaped each other. The pact was a concerted attempt by the three signatories to transform global political structures and supersede the purported global hegemony of the liberal democracies.


Evaluation of bacteria in prepared fried rice is essential in food quality assessment. This study aimed at evaluating the bacterial load of fried rice prepared in five (5) different restaurants in Abraka, Delta State Nigeria from January, 2018 to June, 2018. Samples of fried rice were randomly obtained from the restaurants and labelled R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5. A standard bacteriological culture technique was used for bacterial isolation. Serial dilution and bacterial viable count of cell/colony was done using agar plate count. The mean value of colony counts of bacteria isolates were 2.1 x 10 4 ±18.50, 2.4 x 10 4 ±19.00, 2.9 x 10 4 ± 27.62, 3.0 x 10 4 ± 21.83 and 3.6 x 10 4 ± 30. 67 in ascending order for R5, R3, R2, R4 and R1 respectively. The highest bacteria count was obtained from R1 and the lowest from R5. The bacteria isolates identified were Escherichia coli , Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus spp. The present study suggests that preparation of fried rice under hygienic conditions, identifying carriers and freezing will reduce the risk of contamination. Keywords: Bacteria, load, Fried rice, Restaurants, Nigeria


Data Classification is the application of data mining techniques to discover patterns from the micro array and biological datasets. This research entitled "PREDICTING SAFETY INFORMATION OF DRUGS USING DATA MINING TECHNIQUE" incorporates information theory, which is the process of deriving the information from the unsupervised dataset through feature selection. Finding the best features that are similar to a test data is challenging task in current data era. This research presents a framework for discovering best feature selection from unsupervised datasets. The proposed research work presents a new approach to measure the features (attributes) in drug prediction dataset using the methodologies namely, data cleaning, Adaptive Relevance Feature Discovery and Random Forest Classification. There are number of pharmacy companies are available in the market with multiple medicines for same problem.This prediction of drugs is used to prescribe the medicines for the patient's disease by analyzing the history of the patient's health. Feature selection and dimensionality reduction is characterized by a regularity analysis where the feature values correspond to the number times that term appears in the dataset. The relevance feature discovery method gives a useful measure is used to find the similarity features between data points are likely to be in terms of their features property. Some of the challenges faced in finding the best feature selection include positive, negative and inconsistency. This Proposed work proposes an enhanced Drug prediction based on Random Forest classification method to estimate the feature searching that is measured using minimal redundancy optimization method corresponding to drug prediction dataset.


Three reduction sub-hierarchies in constrained KP hierarchies are studied. The corresponding matrix integrable systems are presented. Furthermore, Backlund transformations, bi-Hamiltonian structures, and τ-functions are formulated.


In many expositions of fuzzy methods, fuzzy techniques are described as an alternative to a more traditional statistical approach. In this paper, we present a class of real-life situations in which fuzzy techniques can be naturally reformulated in statistical terms: namely, in terms of interval-valued statistics. We hope that this reformation will make the corresponding fuzzy techniques more acceptable to researchers whose only experience is in using traditional statistical methods.


Six toothpastes were despatched to two research stations where a radiotracer method of dentine abrasion measurement is used (British Standards, 1974: Hefferren, 1976) and three research stations where a surface profile method is used (Ashmore, Van Abbé & Wilson, 1972). Each station measured the abrasivities of the pastes with respect to dentine by their own method. The ranges of abrasion data were found to be wider from the surface profile method than from the radiotracer method.


Advertising by mutual funds is a large and growing phenomenon that an increasing number of individual investors are exposed to all around the world. Combining two unique and large datasets on portfolio choices and advertising from the recent social security reform in Sweden, I examine empirically why funds advertise and whether advertising affects people's portfolio choices. I report three main results. First, a content analysis of fund ads shows that only a very small percentage of fund ads could be construed as "informative" and that most are performance-ads or "seemingly non-informative" ads. Second, exposure to non-informative advertising has the strongest effect on the behavior of those who consider themselves the least knowledgeable with regard to portfolio choice, and word-of-mouth reinforces an effect of such ad-exposure. Third, non-informative advertising plays on a familiarity bias in investment, steering people towards more local concentration and higher fees; performance-advertising plays on an extrapolation bias, steering people towards "hot" sectors of the overall market portfolio. Although in principle fund advertising may play a helpful role in informing largely uninformed individual investors eliminating behavioral biases that they might display in a non-market setting, fund advertising exacerbates such biases, sometimes leading people astray.


In this paper, we consider the intuitionistic fuzzy sets in a ternary semigroup and the corresponding sets of intuitionistic fuzzy points. We analyze some relations between the intuitionistic fuzzy ideals of a ternary semigroup \(T\) and the sets of intuitionistic fuzzy points.


ABSTRACT Idiomarina sp. strain 5.13, able to produce biopolymer and exopolysaccharide, was isolated from a sediment sample collected from the Southwest Indian Ridge, Indian Ocean. Analysis of its draft genome sequence provides insights into its remarkable stress tolerance and offers the genetic basis for harnessing the biotechnological potential of this strain.


The main objective of this project is to extract features from PCG signal using more flexible and enhanced technique. In the first stage, for feature extraction, obtained heart sound signals were separated to its sub-bands using discrete wavelet transform (DWT) with Level-1 to Level-10.This enhanced method proposes a best feature for Heart Signal. In this present approach, one dimensional feature extraction is obtained by evaluating parameters like mean energy, variance, standard deviation and maximum entropy etc. Thus it gets the proper level of wavelet and using that, we can extract the best feature for


The Aspect-Based Sentiment Classification (ABSC) models often suffer from a lack of training data in some domains. To exploit the abundant data from another domain, this work extends the original state-of-the-art LCR-Rot-hop++ model that uses a neural network with a rotatory attention mechanism for a cross-domain setting. More specifically, we propose a Domain-Independent Word Selector (DIWS) model that is used in combination with the LCR-Rot-hop++ model (DIWS-LCR-Rot-hop++). It uses attention weights from the domain classification task to determine whether a word is domain-specific or domain-independent, and discards domain-specific words when training and testing the LCR-Rot-hop++ model for cross-domain ABSC. Overall, our results confirm that DIWS-LCR-Rot-hop++ outperforms the original LCR-Rot-hop++ model under a cross-domain setting in case we impose a domain-dependent threshold value for deciding whether a word is domain-specific or not. For a target domain that is highly similar to the source domain, we find that a moderate attention threshold yields the best performance, while a target domain that is dissimilar requires a high attention threshold. Also, we observe information loss when we impose a too strict restriction and classify a small proportion of words as domain-independent.


Dislocations in GaN single crystal were studied by means of spectral cathodoluminescence (CL) mapping and defect selective etching. We show that the c-type screw dislocations are not recombination active. The recombination strength of the a- and (a+c)-type dislocations is influenced by impurity gettering. While fresh dislocations exhibit a CL contrast of 0.01–0.05 in accordance with intrinsic dislocation states, grown in dislocations show a contrast of 0.25. From the analysis of spectral CL maps, we find that impurities such as oxygen and silicon are depleted in the surrounding of the dislocations. We explain the increased contrast by a reduced screening of the electrical field of the dislocation.


Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Fusarium graminearum Schw. [teleomorph: Gibberella zeae (Schw.) Petch], can be a devastating disease in small grains production. Understanding its molecular pathogenesis will help identifying key steps in disease development and developing a strategy for efficiently preventing FHB epidemics. As the first step toward our goal, gene expression in the FHB-resistant wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar Sumai 3 and the FHB-susceptible wheat landrace Y1193-6 was profiled with Affymetrix Wheat Genome GeneChip in 24 h after inoculation by F. graminearum isolate Fg4 and compared. Twofold change [log 2 (signal ratio) = 1] in expression was set as the threshold for data selection. Comparing the FHB-inoculated and the mock-inoculated wheat spikelets in both Sumai 3 and Y1193-6 revealed a total of 677 possible FHB-responsive genes. Further analysis and comparison revealed that, among these FHB-responsive genes, 69 were F. graminearum genes. Of the 608 wheat genes, 243 showed similar expression in both Sumai 3 and Y1193-6; 281 and 79 significantly changed expression pattern only in Sumai 3 or Y1193-6, respectively; and five had opposite expression pattern between the two wheat genotypes. Functional genomics and physiological analyses both suggested that FHB resistance in Sumai 3 involves defense pathways regulated by jasmonic acid and ethylene signaling, while salicylic acid-regulated systematic acquired resistance is insignificant in this process.


Stepwise stability constants have been determined for the 1:1 and 1:2 Eu3+:mandelate− and Eu3+:tartronate2− complexes in water. Measurements were made at low ionic strength and the temperature was 25 °C. The solvent-extraction–radiotracer method was used.For the mandelate system at an ionic strength of 0.104, K1 = 5.0 × 102, K2 = 1.58 × 102, and K1:K2 = 3.1. The K1:K2 ratios suggest monodentate ligandcy.The stepwise stability constants for the two stages of tartronate ion association are: K1 = 7.1 ( ± 15%) × 104 and K1K2 = 4.2 ( ± 5%) × 108. The magnitudes of the stability constants suggest that tartronate is a tridentate ligand. The stability constant ratios are discussed with reference to the ratios for piperidinedicarboxylate and iminodiacetate complexes.


12.00 Classical financial theory is based on Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH). Several researchers like 'Schiller (1981) (1990), Le Roy and Porter (1980) have extensively argued for the invalidity of EMH. Volatility excess has been detected and highlighted by many researchers; however it has not been explained very well by EMH. For this reason, we conducted an empirical study to identify the variable characteristics of volatility by comparing three GARCH models (GARCH, E-GARCH and GRJ-GARCH) over five different market indexes to examine prediction of returns volatility. This comparison led us to detect several volatility characteristics like volatility clustering and leverage effect. This change in volatility regime is an irrefutable proof of the presence of volatility excess. Given the inability of classical financial theory in explaining volatility excess, researchers started to focus on behavioural finance (Barret and Saphister (1996)). Normal 0 21 false false false FR X-NONE AR-SA /* Style Definitions */
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The Advanced Television System Committee (ATSC) is currently developing the next-generation U.S. Digital Terrestrial Television (DTT) standard, known as ATSC 3.0. Two disruptive technologies for the physical layer are being evaluated, Layer Division Multiplexing (LDM) and Time Frequency Slicing (TFS). LDM consist in the transmission of a signal composed of two independent signals (layers) which are superimposed together at different power levels. These two layer can be configured with the desired robustness and capacity. LDM enables the efficient provision of services addressed to mobile and fixed reception in a more efficient way than the classical Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM) and Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) since full bandwidth and transmission time are used in both layers. However, practical operation is restricted due to several implementation constraints such as the use of common parameters and transmitter blocks for both layers (e.g. a common time interleaver). The use of TFS allows for an improved frequency diversity by the distribution of the service data across multiple Radio Frequency (RF) channels instead of using a single RF channel. The paper investigates the potential gains provided by the increased frequency diversity with TFS in conjunction with LDM.


We obtain new 40Ar/39Ar ages for three lavas that record part of the Matuyama‐Brunhes geomagnetic field reversal process on Guadeloupe. These lavas record a reversed‐transitional‐reversed magnetostratigraphy and yield a weighted mean isochron age of 785.2 ± 5.2 ka (2σ analytical uncertainty) relative to an age for the Fish Canyon sanidine standard of 28.201 Ma. This age is of greater accuracy than ages obtained previously by K‐Ar dating. These lavas may record directional fluctuations occurring between the Matuyama‐Brunhes precursor and the final directional reversal. Such variations have been observed in some globally distributed coupled paleomagnetic and oxygen isotope marine sedimentary records of the Matuyama‐Brunhes reversal. Previous paleointensity estimates from these lavas indicate reduced, but fluctuating field strength during this time.


576 Public Health Reports / November–December 2003 / Volume 118 ACCESS TO CARE See also HEALTH DISPARITIES More American children received heath insurance in early 2002, 166 (News and Notes) Almost one in three non-elderly Americans uninsured for all or part of 2001–2002, 382 (News and Notes) Health consequences of lack of health insurance, 382 (News and Notes) Community consequences of lack of health insurance, 382-3 (News and Notes)


Clinical risk classifications fail to predict relapse (REL) in about 25% and 50% of high- and standard-risk (HR, SR) ALL patients (pts.), respectively, with potential under-/over-exposure to chemotherapy or allogeneic stem cell transplant (SCT, with intrinsic mortality ≥20%). Between 2000–5, we studied MRD as major predictive factor for REL and key decisional tool for SCT or less aggressive therapy in individual pts. with SR/HR ALL. Induction/consolidation consisted of Ida/V/P/Asp/CY (blocks 1–3,5,6,8), HD-MTX/Ara-C (4,7), CNS phase and imatinib (Ph+). Risk classes were SR (pre-B, WBC 30 [B]/100 [T]), and very HR (VHR) i.e. Ph/t(4;11)+. All cases were screened for fusion genes or IgH/TCRβγδ/Kde rearrangements (23/22 PCR amplifications for B/T subsets, respectively). Marrow cells obtained before blocks 4,6,8 (week 10,16,22 i.e. timepoints [TP]1-3) were analyzed by RQ-PCR using 1 or more pt.-specific probes. MRD negativity (Mneg) was defined by negative/low-positive ( 30; P


Objective To observe the efficacy and safety of post-apoplexy spastic hemiplegia treated with the integration of acupuncture and medicine.Methods Seventy cases were randomly divided into two groups.Control group(35 cases) was treated with traditional Chinese medicine,while the treatment group(35 cases) was treated with acupuncture and traditional Chinese medicine.Two months were a course.Results After treatment,comparing with that before treatment,the spasm severity and the daily life activity improved in both groups.There was statistical significance between before and after treatment(P 0.05).But the both results in the treatment group were superior to that in the control group(P 0.05).Conclusion The integration of acupuncture and traditional Chinese medicine can reduce the muscular tension and improve the daily life activity.


The world moved away from the concept that waste is something to be disposed of to recognizing it as a feedstock for energy. Therefore, the research was carried out by 2.5m 3 pilot-scale Puxin digester from China to evaluate the anaerobic biodegradation of lignocellulose waste comprising cow dung, wheat straw and rice straw as feedstock is feasible at thermophilic condition (45 0 C) for production biogas as a renewable energy. The addition of cow dung inoculum to fixed amount of feedstock was observed to improve biogas production. However, biogas yield was observed to decrease with use cow dung only. The ultimate biogas yield which can be determined from very long periods of anaerobic batch reaction was alternatively estimated through curve fitting. The maximum biogas yield for digester was estimated to be 233 L/Kg VS fed, while the ultimate biogas and methane yield attainable from these mixtures were estimated to be 340 L/Kg VS fed. This biogas can be burnt to produce heat and power. The results show that there are number of operating parameters affect the performance of the anaerobic digestion including the amount and type of inoculum, digestion duration, pH adjustments, temperature, C: N ratio and total solids (TS). © 2014 Elixir All rights reserved ARTICLE INF O Articl e h istory: Received: 4 April 2014; Received in revised form: 19 June 2014; Accepted: 30 June 2014;


After pulping and juicing of litchi (Litchi Chine ns is Sonn.),the pH value was adjusted to3.2through the addition of citric ac id(addition quantity was4g/L).The sugar content was adjusted to26%.Th en active dry yeast was added with the addition quan-tity as0.2g/L for11 d fermentation under21℃.Then through anaphase fermentation and posttreatment ,the concentrated solution of Yuganzi(phyllanthus embblica)produced through alcohol steeping was added to produce Litchi Yuganzi Healthy Wine which had pur e taste and was of high nutrition.(Tran.by YUE Yang)


The use of learning media in schools is still not widely used when the online learning process. This research aims to make the learning medium of Mathematics Mobile Learning application effective and practical as a medium of learning mathematics. The research methods used include three stages of Design Research research methods, in producing a kodular-assisted Android-based Mathematics Mobile Learning application. Mathematics Mobile Learning is packaged in the form of interactive animation, complemented by an evaluation of the understanding of the phytagoras theorem, so that students can personally evaluate the achievement of abilities associated with the phytagoras theorem. Materials presented in the Mathematics Mobile Learning application include learning videos, e-books and practice questions. Mathematics Mobile Learning design trials conducted on Grade VIII junior high students resulted in the growth of student motivation in learning the phytagoras theorem, and students were helped in understanding the material of the Phytagoras theorem. Based on these results it can be seen that the android-based Mathematics Mobile Learning medium is a viable medium, and practical in helping students construct a better understanding of the phytagoras theorem. So that students can learn anytime and anywhere in accordance with the needs of students, besides that it can also be repeated if they do not understand, in contrast to face-to-face learning if you do not understand in the defense it is difficult to repeat again.


Inthispaper, theproblemoftheoptimal quan- tization ofa signal generated by a hiddenMarkovmodel isconsidered. Forthisproblem, anefficient algorithm based onMonteCarlosampling, gradient estimation techniques and stochastic approximation isproposed. Theproperties ofthe proposed algorithm areanalyzed boththeoretically andthrough simulations. I.INTRODUCTION Motivated bytheproblems suchasthetransmission of sensor measurements insensor networks andcomplexity re- duction foroptimal filtering, quantization ofobservations of hidden Markovmodels isconsidered inthis paper. Duetoits importance, quantization inhidden Markovmodels hasbeen considered inseveral papers (11), (7), (12) (see cited therein). However, tothebestofourknowledge, anefficient algorithm forquantizing mediumandlarge scale hidden Markovmodels hasnotbeenproposed intheavailable literature. Theresults ofthis paperaimtofill this gap:We propose anefficient algorithm based onMonteCarlo sampling, gradient estimation techniques andstochastic approximation fortheobservation quantization inhiddenMarkovmodels. Theproperties of theproposed algorithm areanalyzed boththeoretically and through simulations. II.SIGNALMODEL AND PROBLEMDESCRIPTION Throughout this paperthefollowing notation isused. R denotes thesetofreal numbers, while Bisthefamily ofBorel- measurable setsfromR.ForasetB,IB(.) stands forthe indicator function B.d(., )denotes theEuclidean distance in avector space. Inthis paper, westudy theproblem ofquantization ofscalar signals generated byhidden Markovmodels. LetN bea


In the present research, an experiment is designed and conducted to investigate the effect of Mahua biodiesel i.e. Mahua biodiesel originating from non edible Mahua diesel fuel on the combustion performance and emission characteristics of a direct injection C.I. engine under varying engine loads (0–100%) and constant engine speed (1500 rpm). Three types of blend are tested, which consist of different blends like (B20,B40 and B100) with constant 1% of additives and labeled as B20X1,B20X2 and B20X3,B40X1,X2,X3 respectively. It is also noticed that brake thermal efficiency increases with the percentage of additive in all the test fuels. The brake specific fuel consumption decreases with increase in additive percentage. Exhaust gas temperature increases almost linearly with load for all test fuels and decreases with increase in additive percentage. It is also seen from the results that both CO and HC emissions tend to decrease with increase in additive percentage in biodiesel. Fuel additive improves engine performance and lowers pollutant emission of Mahua bio-diesel blends. Overall, it is observed that the Mahua biodiesel from low-grade conventional diesel is an appropriate alternative fuel method that can bring about greener exhaust emissions and fuel savings without deteriorating engine performance or any major engine modification.


Treatment of [M(Bn)] (M = K, Cs) with [HC{C(But)NDipp}{C(But)NHDipp}] (LButH; Dipp = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl) afforded [K(LBut)(THF)n], 1, and [Cs(LBut)], 2, which were crystallized from hexane or benzene to afford [K(LBut)(THF)3], 1a, and [{Cs(LBut)}{Cs(LBut)(η3-C6D6)}·C6D6]∞, 2a, respectively. Complexes 1 and 2 were utilized in the preparation of the previously reported [U(LBut)Cl3], which was cleanly converted to [U(LBut)I3], 3, via reaction with an excess of Me3SiI. Attempts to prepare U(III) complexes incorporating the LBut ligand proved unsuccessful, but utilizing [HC{C(Me)NDipp}{C(Me)NHDipp}] (LMeH) led to the isolation of [U(LMe)I2(THF)2], 4, via the reaction of [K(LMe)] with [U(I)3(THF)4]. Complex 4 can be derivatized via reaction with [K(Cp*)] (Cp* = η5-C5Me5) or [K{N(SiMe3)2}] to afford [U(LMe)(Cp*)I], 5, and [U(LMe){N(SiMe3)2}I], 6, respectively. The reaction of 4 with two equivalents of [K{N(SiMe3)2}] did not afford [U(LMe){N(SiMe3)2}2] as expected, but instead led to the isolation of the U(IV)...


Obesity is a growing problem worldwide, and treatment potentials are constantly under scrutiny. There is a prevalence of inflammation in obese patients, and this brings with it a cascade of problems including endothelial dysfunction and insulin resistance, ultimately resulting in cardiovascular complications. Resveratrol is a phenolic substance in which much interest has been placed.


Providing a Group III nitride semiconductor device structure that includes a silicon carbide (SiC) Group III nitride above the substrate and the SiC substrate epitaxial layer. The Group III nitride epitaxial layer and a separation voltage of at least about 50V and a dislocation density of less than about 4 × 10 .The


Given a large population of players, each player has three possible choices between option 1 or 2 or no option. The two options are equally favorable and the population has to reach consensus on one of the two options quickly and in a distributed way. The more popular an option is, the more likely it is to be chosen by uncommitted players. Uncommitted players can be attracted by those committed to any of the other two options through a cross-inhibitory signal. This model originates in the context of honeybees swarms, and we generalize it to duopolistic competition and opinion dynamics. The contributions of this work include (1) the formulation of an evolutionary game model to explain the behavioral traits of the honeybees, (2) the study of the individuals and collective behavior including equilibrium points and stability, (3) the extension of the results to the case of structured environment via complex network theory, (4) the analysis of the impact of the connectivity on consensus, and (5) the study of absolute stability for the collective system under time-varying and uncertain cross-inhibitory parameter.


Aggregate bank lending has stagnated since 1990 in Japan. This observation has generated a debate on whether the supply side of the credit market had an effect on the economy in its recent slowdown. At this point, the evidence is ambiguous. The hypothesis is primarily challenged by the low level of interest rates. However, in this paper we analyse indicators that also point towards a credit crunch explanation: the development of commercial paper, as a substitute for bank lending, and survey data on the firms' evaluation of the lending attitude of banks. We find that while aggregate lending has stagnated, there was a continued high demand for commercial paper. Using the Short-term Economic Survey of Enterprises in Japan (Tankan), we also document that small firms felt more credit constrained than larger firms until recently in Japan. This difference has been reduced, and has lost statistical significance, however, in the recent recovery since 2003. Finally, we point out that there exists a striking similarity between the recent developments in Germany and Japan in the 1990ies.


Interpretation of subsalt VSP data is a challenge due to low fold, uneven illumination, and the resulting presence of a large amount of migration artifacts. We propose a wave equation vector migration algoritm (VWEM) to exploit the potential of multi-component VSP surveys for imaging in complex subsalt environments. The algorithm naturally takes into account multi-pathing and is designed to enhance true events in VSP images. We also propose a noise imaging algorithm that enhances noise and suppresses true events to consistently characterize migration noise in VSP images. Joint interpretation of vector and noise images enables clear identification of true and false events. The approach was successfully applied to a 3D VSP acquired in the Gulf of Mexico in order to clarify the subsalt scenario.


Fermentation is a critical step in the production of coffee when following standard wet processing, one of the most common methods used to remove the mucilage layer from coffee cherries. During this step, the de-pulped coffee cherries undergo fermentation with native yeast that modifies the flavor profile of the resultant coffee. This study aimed to ferment green coffee beans using commercial yeast strains from beer and wine prized for their ability to produce specific flavors, and subsequently evaluate the aroma and flavor of the coffee using coffee consumers. Four Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains were used: Belgian Ale, Sourvisiae, 71 B, and Tropical IPA, along with one non-Saccharomyces, Toluraspora delbrueckii (Biodiva), and a non-inoculated control sample. The green coffee beans underwent a controlled wet fermentation for 72 h, followed by roasting, grinding, and brewing. Results showed that flavor profiles varied broadly by yeast strain, suggesting that producing novel flavors in coffee through fermentation is feasible and that these flavors survive the roasting process; however, higher liking scores were still reported for the control sample compared to the fermented samples. Biodiva, a strain used in wine to produce esters and fruity flavors, resulted in coffee with highly fruity notes, and all strains were rated more floral than the control, while the sample fermented with Sourvisiae yeast used in the brewing of sour ales resulted in coffee that was both perceived as more sour and had the lowest pH, likely due to the degree of lactic acid this strain is engineered to produce. Further, there were significant color differences between the samples. In conclusion, fermenting green coffee beans with brewing and winemaking yeast strains strongly impacted the flavor and aroma of the resultant coffee; however, evaluating larger panels of strains or optimizing strain performance may yield flavor profiles more suitable for coffee.


Nature and nurture work together to drive development, behavior, and health. Behavioral epigenetics research has uncovered underlying mechanisms for how this happens. Children's early years in development may offer the greatest opportunity for environmental and experiential factors to influence the epigenome (chemical compounds telling our genes what to do), but evidence suggests it is never too late. The policy implications of this research are vast, including relevance for child development, health, and disease intervention and prevention.


The potential organic nonlinear optical material of hippuric acid (HA) single crystal has been grown by the slow evaporation solution growth technique using N, N-dimethylformamide as the solvent. Single crystals of pure HA were irradiated at room temperature with 100 keV Nitrogen (N+) ions at fluence 1×1016 and 5×1016 ions/cm2. The pure and irradiated HA single crystals were characterized by different characterization technique. The photoluminescence and UV–visible absorption were performed at room temperature. The crystalline perfection of the pure and irradiated single crystals has been examined by high-resolution X-ray diffraction. Vickers microhardness technique was used to study the effect on the mechanical strength of the crystal at different ion fluences. The structural changes were analyzed by powder X-ray diffraction analysis. The functional groups of the synthesized compound have been identified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss as a function of frequency were analyzed at room temperature.


The photolysis of diphenylcyclobutenedione derivatives (Va, b) under N2 and that in the presence of substrate, O2 or isocyanide, have been studied. The former resulted in the recovery of a large amount of V and the fragmentation; the latter gave the insertion products into V, diphenylmaleic anhydrides and iminocyclopentenones in good yield. The intermediates, bisketene and ketene-ketenimine as primary photo products were confirmed by the photolysis of Va in methanol to give succinates and by low-temperature IR-technique. Structural aspects of bisketene intermediate were discussed.


PLC_HMI system is the most popular solution for industry control.This paper introduces the development of the PLC system by using the touchpanel technology.An application example is also given.


The phenomenon of bullying affects the educational institutions worldwide, and includes harassment and aggression behaviours towards peers, and with psychological and personality development implications. The Present project develops an investigation to affront this problematic in the Institucion Educativa Campo Hermoso at Bucaramanga-Colombia, particularly in the fifth-grade student population. The propositions were executed in two courses (501 & 502) in 2016. The population sample was from 72 students and utilize a quantitative investigation method quasi-experimental, resorting to a control group and an experimental group. In first instance is resorted to a pre-test application, based on the tool named auto-report, permitting to characterize the population. It Is determinate that near 57% of the students have been harmed, the 52% isolated from the group and 24% acknowledge to have assault a schoolmate either by physical or electronic means. The design and implementation of a virtual support course is performed where the students develop social skills for the prevention of bullying, with an intensity of 2 hours weekly and 4 thematic units (Concepts and types of bullying, bullying legislation, social skills and civic competences). Subsequently is performed a post-test whose results were compared with the pre-test using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Significant statistical differences are found between the experimental and control group. Is concluded that is possible to perform an awareness about the central subject of the project, development of cognitive competences about the subject, consolidation of assertiveness skills, empathy and active listening in the experimental group, not achieved in the control group. Finally, as the main limitation of the implementation is the level of knowledge of the students on technological tools.


INTRODUCTION Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) belongs to the countries of the Western Balkan located in Southeast Europe with an area of 51 129 km. The country is located in the continental part of Europe and extends to the Adriatic Sea. B&H is bordering Croatia in the north, west, and south; in the east, the country is bordered by Serbia, in the southeast by Montenegro, and in the southwest by the Adriatic Sea (Figure 1). According to the 2013 population census, B&H has 3 531 159 inhabitants, which is significantly less than in the 1991 census when the country counted 4 377 033. There are 2 219 220 people living in the Federation of B&H and 1 228 423 in the Republic of Srpska, and 83 880 people live in the Brčko District.


Chiral separations can be enhanced through the use of polymerized chiral micelles. Because polymerized micelles eliminate much of the complex dynamic behavior associated with conventional micelles, polymerized chiral micelles have stronger chiral recognition properties than do otherwise-identical, "conventional" or non-polymerized chiral micelles. Recovery of chiral ligands from polymer ized chiral micelles is often easier, as the chiral ligands may typically be recovered by simple extraction with an appro priate organic solvent. By contrast, recovering the solute from a conventional, non-polymerized micellar medium by extraction with an organic solvent frequently results in the formation of troublesome emulsion systems. Polymerized chiral micelle systems are therefore beneficial in both preparative-scale and process-scale separations. Polymer ized chiral micelles have no critical micelle concentration, allowing lower concentrations to be used in micellar elec trokinetic capillary chromatography, which in turn reduces the otherwise deleterious heat that can be generated.


The article describes how electronics are raplacing motor vehicles in an age when telecommuters (people working from their homes and using the telephone to interact with their offices) are redefining the workplace, transportation networks, and the environment. The results are discussed of an ATT telecommunications provide a demand-side solution that would reduce pollution and energy use without new transport systems.


Many economies around the world have committed to ambitious climate goals. Discussions on policies that could mitigate climate change are under way. These include approaches to pricing carbon and avoiding carbon leakage. We study the macroeconomic implications of such measures using the environmental multi sector dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model EMuSe . In doing so, we consider several different scenarios: Different regions introduce carbon - pricing schemes unilaterally or in cooperation, and in the presence or absence of border adjustment schemes. This policy brief summarises the effects on output and welfare. We find that carbon pricing generates an economic downturn initially, which is eventually followed by an upswing when emissions damage is reduced. Border adjustment taxation reduces carbon leakage but does not prevent it altogether. Concerning welfare, carbon pricing generates higher losses in low - income countries with low per - capita consumption levels. This might deter those regions from joining global carbon pricing. As high - income regions benefit if more regions participate, they could incentivise low - income regions to do so, too.


Carcase contamination was found to have been reduced when the pig had been washed with water before sacrifice. There was no difference in this effect between well water and chlorinated water. Skinning of the body in hot water was more effective than skinning in the air in reducing the bacterial contamination of the carcase. Chlorinated water containing 10ppm of free residual chlorine was effective to kill coli bacilli isolated from the carcase. It had no such bactericidal effect when meat and fat were present with these bacilli.


Abstract Channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) were stocked in 0.02 to 0.04-hectare ponds without aeration at three rates (4,942, 10,007, and 20,385 fish per hectare) and fed daily. Fish averaged 12 cm total length and 10 g at stocking. Each treatment was replicated six times. Maximum feeding rates of 34, 56, and 78 kg/hectare, respectively, were reached by midsummer. In the low treatment, no dissolved oxygen (DO) problems occurred, and survival was 99%. In the medium treatment, DO at dawn frequently fell below 2.0 mg/liter and some fish suffocated during an oxygen depletion in one pond; however, survival averaged 93%. In the high treatment, DO at dawn was usually below 2.0 mg/liter in August and September. Fish mortalities resulted from DO depletion in three ponds of the high treatment, but survival averaged 83%. Nitrite-nitrogen and un-ionized ammonia never reached concentrations recognized to be lethal to channel catfish in any of the treatments. However, concentrations of un-ionized ammonia were possi...


In place of cash and current deposit,the issuance and circulation of electronic currency will result in seigniorage decrease no matter how to define seigniorage. Different types of virtual currency have different influence on seigniorage. TypeⅠ has no influence on seigniorage of central bank; type Ⅱcuts seigniorage; the influence of typeⅢ and Ⅳdepends on the degree of decrease effect and increase effect of its demand for real currency. If the cash in circulation was completely replaced by electronic currency and virtual currency,the G10 would lose 34.59%( the data of the year 2001) of seigniorage on average,and China would lose 31. 67%( the data of the year2013) of seigniorage,but the losing seigniorage is small portion of GDP. Electronic currency and virtual currency are the future forms of currency development,and any measures banning them are unwise,but measures( for example,Reserve Fund System of electronic currency and virtual currency issuance) should be taken to alleviate the replace of cash and current deposit by electronic currency and virtual currency so as to minimize the impact on seigniorage and financial policy by electronic currency and virtual currency.


This study analyses the feasibility of substitution to alternative halogenfree flame retardants and PVC-free products and assesses the likely impact of the European Parliament's amendments to the RoHS Directive. An assessment has been made of the foreseen environmental and economic impact of these proposed changes. IP/A/ENVI/ST/2009-13 June 2010


The Hanoi ancient quarter is a district with 1,000 years of history, which has grown rapidly in recent years as an international tourism destination with its historical townscape as a tourism resource. Consequently, the business types have shifted toward tourism and with that town houses are being rebuilt and renovated, thereby changing the townscape. Surveys of changes to the townscape were conducted from 2003 through 2015 to grasp the actual conditions and causes of the changes, and to clarify the impact on the townscape. Among those, this paper analyzes data from 2003 and 2006 as the initial change, and reaches the following findings. 1) Not only is the tourism industry spreading, but also tourism shops are expanding to upper floors. 2) Rebuilding, renovation, and other changes with an impact on the townscape are taking place along with the shift of business type to the tourism industry. 3) Many of the rebuilding projects are for conversions into hotels.


The Psychological Contract Inventory (PCI) was designed by Denise rousseau in 1998. It has been one of the most used tools of the psychological contract (PC) so far, but empirical evidence of its metric qualities is still lacking. This paper aims at testing the content, discriminant and predictive validity of a French version of the PCI. Results shows that PCI represents a robust and generalizable measure of the psychological contract content and breach. However new issues appear about the role of employees obligations and that of each dimension of the PC. The A. suggests to design and test a short version of the PCI in future research


Gravity and magnetic work has revealed a large NW trending fault which extends for more than 20 km past the east side of Jebel Aulia and which throws rocks of the Nubian Sandstone Formation down on the east to a depth exceeding 1000 m. The pre-Nubian surface has also been shown to be characterized by basins and ridges, a feature already recognized in Khartoum and Darfur Provinces. Reduction and interpretation of the geophysical data was done on the Elliot 803 computer at the University of Khartoum.


Various studies have reported the presence of psychiatric symptoms among individuals diagnosed with COVID-19, encompassing heightened stress levels, impaired cognitive function, depressive mood, anxiousness, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), psychotic symptoms, and suicidal ideation. The objective of this review was to elucidate the involvement of neurotransmitters in psychiatric disorders following the COVID-19 pandemic. There are multiple variables that can influence the results of research studies examining the presence of symptoms or the initiation of psychiatric disorders in individuals diagnosed with COVID-19. Factors associated with mental health difficulties include direct involvement in the healthcare field, presence of a psychiatric disease within the family, limited social support, advanced age, solitary living arrangements, and the utilization of high dosages of steroids during the acute phase. Multiple types of neurotransmitters are involved in the modulation of stress levels inside the human body. The neurotransmitters implicated in this process include dopamine, serotonin, epinephrine and norepinephrine, acetylcholine, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and glutamate. In summary, cytokines have a pivotal role in modulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis within the brain, hence potentially giving rise to psychiatric manifestations including impaired sleep, heightened stress, depressive affect, and several other psychological disturbances.


Objective To investigate the effects of direct stimulation by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF κB) in pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs). Methods Activation of NF κB was measured by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), and nuclear translocation of its two subunits, p50 and p65, was observed immunocytochemically when PMVECs were directly stimulated by 100 ng/ml LPS for 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 h or by 1, 10, and 100 ng/ml LPS for 1 h. Effects of TPCK (n tosyl phenylalanine chloromethylketone), an inhibitor of activation, on NF κB induced by 100 ng/ml LPS for 1 h were also observed. Results Direct stimulation by LPS could rapidly induce the activation of NF κB and nuclear translocation of p50 and p65 in a dose dependent manner, reaching the peak at 1 h and decreasing gradually. TPCK could significantly inhibit the activation of NF κB. ( P 0.01). Conclusion Direct stimulation by LPS can induce the activation of NF κB, which may play an important role in inflammatory response induced by LPS.


Aim To observe the effects of propranolol on peripheral blood leucocyte CD11a expression of experimental hyperlipemia rabbits and the formation of atherosclerosis. Methods Twenty-one male rabbits were divided into three groups: normal group,model group and propranolol group[5 mg/(kg.d)]. Rabbits of last two groups were fed on 0.5% cholesterol and 5% lard diet for 16 weeks and were injected with 10% bovine serum albumin.Peripheral blood adhesion molecule CD11a were detected with flow cytometry. The aortas were harvested for histomorphometric observation and quantitative analysis. The ratio of atherosclerotic plaque area to intimal area and content of macrophage were detected. Results Compared with model group,propranolol group showed that the lesion degree of atherosclerotic plaque lessened significantly and normal group were not found the formation of atheroslerosis.In propranolol group,the ratio of atherosclerotic plaque area to intima area and content of macrophage and the positive percentage of peripheral blood leucocyte CD11a expression were 59.1%±11.3%,56.3%±4.9%,61.9%±4.2% respectively. In model group,they were 78.3%±6.7%,70.6%±5.6%,74.3%±3.6% respectively,propranolol group decreased significantly(P0.05). Conclusion Propranolol can postpone the formation of atherosclerosis through lessening the inflammation in the lesion of atherosclerosis of rabbits and increase the stability of atherosclerotic plaque.


[Objective] The purpose of this research was to study the synthesis of 1-benzosuberone.[Method] The cyclodehydration of 5-phenylvaleric acid prepared from 1-bromo-3-phenylpropane and diethyl malonate by substitution reaction to give 2-(3-phenylpropyl)-malonic acid which was subjected by decarboxylation with heating,with polyphosphoric acid afforded 1-benzosuberone.[Result] The overall yield was 52.9%-61.0%.Structures of the intermediates and the final product were characterized by IR,NMR and MS.[Conclusion] This method was simple,high efficiency,and provided an economical route for synthesis of 1-benzosuberone.


There once was a most flourishing period in the development of Chinese language education in Myanmar. However, in the mid - 1960s, the government of Myanmar took over all the Chinese language schools. From then on, Chinese language education became informal, i. e. remedial Chinese language classes. But the demand zeal for Chinese language education of the Myanmar-Chinese never declined. In the 1970s, different forms of Chinese language educationappearing in the form of Confucianism or Buddhism education, gradually increased again. And some descendants of other ethnic groups were seen to join them in learning Chinese language as well, which was something closely linked with the great upsurge in learning Chinese language all over the world. Owing to the influence of the rapid development which China has achieved in its economy, culture, science and technology since 1979, when China began to carry out the reform and open- door policies, and the tendency of economic globalization, the role and position in the world of Chinese language have been attached much importance to. Recently the government of Myanmar encouraged people to start computer classes, consequently Chinese language schools began to give up their Buddhist colour and march towards running computer classes one after another. In addition, some former pro - Taiwan schools have eliminated political differences, adhere to one - China principle, devote themselves to carrying forward the Chinese culture and have been running Chinese language education very impressively.


Over the last decades, we have witnessed an explosion in information generation related to all aspects of life, including all engineering disciplines. There has been an increase in active information collection to be used for solving critical engineering problems. Computers are basic means for the efficient completion of construction projects from the design phase to the monitoring of constructions behaviour and facilities during exploitation. The growing sophistication of computer programs, their availability, increased speed of computations and their ever-decreasing costs have already had a significant impact on Civil Engineering and Architecture and that can be considered a paradigm change. The permanent development of the computing tools and the requirements for the delivery of complex and complete products / projects highlight the need to anticipate and, hence, the need to be at the current with the computational trends in constructions. The Conference Computational Civil Engineering become traditional (since 2003). The 15th edition CCE2019 was organized by Faculty of Civil Engineering and Building Services of Iasi in partnership with the International Centre for Numerical Methods in Engineering (CIMNE) Barcelona Spain, the "Matei Teiu-Botez" Academic Society Iasi and the "Anton Sesan" Civil Engineering Academic Society Iasi, Romania. The scientific event was held on May 30th-31st at Iasi, Romania. CCE2019 aimed to bring together leading academic scientists, researchers, practitioners, numerical analysis programs developers to exchange / share their experiences to the Computational Civil Engineering domain to share their research findings to the theoretical and practical levels.


The process has been analyzed of monitoring of structure and installation process safety under corrosion hazard of building facilities. A high level of wear and service limits of structures of buildings and installations are the real threat, which increases probability of a loss. The principles are analyzed of assurance of process safety of structures and installations as an integral structural component of the enterprise safety. It is shown that the development of measures of the reliability assurance program comprises the qualimetric monitoring and risk diagnostics of the determining parameters of structural corrosion state. As used here, a methodology is proposed for assessing serviceability of corrosive structures taking into account the requirements of the process approach to quality and safety management based on the principles of DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve and Control). Classified are the signs БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ ЗДАНИЙ И СООРУЖЕНИЙ Безопасность зданий и сооружений No4 (84) 2019 (июль-август) _________________________________________________________ 71 of serviceability based on the safety class of systems of structure corrosion protection to justify efficiency of measures for structure maintenance based on their actual state. Methods are theoretically and experimentally justified of redundancy of means of primary and secondary corrosion protection of structural steel. A practical example is presented of setting and solving the direct and inverse problems of the design calculation of structure survivability under corrosion hazard.


To provide a reconfigurable logic cells that can achieve at least four logical operations. A cell of the present invention, between ground and the output F of the cell, and at least one first branch of having n DG MOSFET provided in series, in parallel with the first branch provided, and a n-1 pieces of branches having one MOSFET each, each logical operation corresponding to a given configuration of the cell, a series of control signals is applied to the rear gate of the at least a portion of the transistor each control signal is capable of setting the operation mode with the transistor, n input connected to one front gate of the n transistors of the first branch, respectively, n-1 inputs first It is applied to one front gate of the n-1 transistors of the n-1 pieces of branches is provided in parallel with the first branch. .FIELD 1


Plant root exudates composition is genotype specific and its expression pattern helps to find the diversity and the role of exudates in plant growth and development. Study of exudates requires standard protocols. During this investigation established non-invasive method of root exudates collection by raising seedlings in a plastic cups filled with silica sand without addition of nutrients externally. Number of seedlings required (4/cup) and right growth stage of seedling to collect sufficient quantity of exudates (9th DAS) for analysis was experimentally determined Spectrometer analysis of root exudates (A280) was made to confirm the presence of biochemicals in a sample prior to undergoing for detailed analysis. For concentrating of root exudates, lyophilizer was found ideal. The possibility of reviving of seedlings whose exudates was analyzed by TLC.


Questionnaires are useful tools for research purposes and are generally used for collecting information about a population of interest, by focusing on different intentions. During the questionnaire project, or for sharing data purposes, it may be useful to check if there is already a questionnaire with the same intention as that being carried out. Well-designed questions can induce respondents to provide better answers. However, examining research questionnaires is not a trivial task since a question can be structured in different ways. In this paper, we propose a similarity measure to match questionnaires that are characterized by the heterogeneity of their questions and to provide a ranking method based on variations of a given query. In determining the effectiveness of this approach, we evaluated it through an experimental study, using recall, precision, f-value, MAP and NDGC, and this enabled us to obtain more effective results than other proposals.


The solid solution heat treatment should be carried out before furnishing austenite stainless steel boiler tubes,otherwise,it is easily to make partial tubes on heating surface of the boiler to be cracked and leaked.Tube samples of cracked bend tubes selected from the austenite stainless steel superheaters of three power plants have been tested and analysed,an approach to the influence of solid soluation heat treatment upon the performance of these boiler tubes being made.Results of test and study show that the cracks occurred on the bend tubes is due to the solid solution heat treatment hasn't been carried out according to the standard,resulting in oxidizing corrosion along the crystals under joint effects of the residual stress in tube fabrication,the residual stress in tube-bending,and the thermal expansion stress during the time of operation.For these,corresponding preventive measures have been put forward.


The impact of complex media on the dynamics of active swimmers has gained a thriving interest in the research community for their prominent applications in various fields. This paper investigates the effect of viscoelasticity on the dynamics and aggregation of chemically powered sphere-dimers by using a coarse-grained hybrid mesoscopic simulation technique. The sphere-dimers perform active motion by virtue of the concentration gradient around the swimmer's surface, produced by the chemical reaction at one end of the dimer. We observe that the fluid elasticity enhances translational and rotational motion of a single dimer, however for a pair of dimers, the clustering in a particular alignment is more pronounced. In case of multiple dimers, the kinetics of cluster formation along with their propulsive nature are presented in detail. The key factors influencing the enhanced motility and the aggregation of dimers are the concentration gradients, hydrodynamic coupling and the microstructures present in the system.


The contact angle is very important parameter in improving the self-cleaning property as well as in increasing the wear resistance of engineering surfaces in addition to improving the thermal transfer properties of materials in general. In this study, titanium dioxide nanoparticles were added to the epoxy resin and sprayed on a substrate of the brass tube used in heat exchangers for the purpose of studying its effect on the angle of contact of the substrate where different proportions of the nanomaterial were added to the epoxy resin in (1%, 3%, 5%, and 7%)wt. The results showed that the contact angle increased with increasing the rate of titanium dioxide nanoparticles.


The present paper deals with 2 new species of Coenosia, Coenosiinae. The new species are described here and ail the types are kept in the Department of Biology, Shenyang Normal College.1.Coenosia angulipunctata sp. nov.(figs. 1-4)Male: Body length 4mm. It resembles the Siberian species Coenosia oralis Schnubl, 1915 in male terminalia, but differs from the latter in following characters: frons about two-fifths the head width, epistoma behind frons at lunule, antennae short, length of third antennal segment about 1.5 times the width of itself; a pair of dorsocentrals at prescutum, 2 propleurals, squamae white, lower squama small; basal part of tibiae and trachanters yellow, other segments dark black, mid tibia with 1 anterodorsal bristle; phallosome broader and shorter, distal part of anal cercus rather straight and almost twice depth of surstylus at middle when seen in profile.Female: Unknown.Type locality: Lingqiu, Shanxi, located at 39°N. and 114°E. (holotype , June 9, 1.980, Coll. Wang Ming-fu); Kazuo, Liaoning, located at 41°18'N. and 119°39'E., 750 m(paratype cf, June 15, 1985, Coll. Zhang Lian-xiang).2.Coenosia longiquadrata Xue et Wang, sp. nov. (figs. 5-8)Male: Body length 3.2 mm. This species is closely related to Coenosia octosignata Rondani, 1866, but differs from the latter in the body small, abdomen long oval, longitudinal stripes on scutum obscure, cerci long quadrate with a bifurcate pointed apex, surstyli slender.Female: Unknown.Type locality: Yingxian, Shanxi, located at 39°.5N. and 113°.4 E. (holotype , June 7, 1982, Coll. Wang Ming-fu).


Until recently, Prudentian scholarship in English tended to concentrate on the Psychomachia; but now the Liber Peristephanon is on view as well. Following upon Anne-Marie Palmer's Prudentius on the Martyrs (Oxford, 1989) and Martha Malamud's A Poetics of Transformation: Prudentius and Classical Mythology (Ithaca, New York, 1989), R.'s innovative project is to place Prudentius' collection of poems about martyrs in its fourth-century cultural context, and to show how it operates within its own literary context by studying ' the thematic structures of the specific poems under discussion and of the collection as a whole' (pp. 3-4). R. proposes to investigate first the relation between 'martyr text' and 'martyr cult', i.e. the embodiment of beliefs and practices of the cult of the martyrs in the texts, and then the 'poetics of the martyr text' (p. 7). His program in ch. 1 is to relate the poems of the Liber Peristephanon to the growth of martyr cults in the fourth century; in ch. 2, to establish the tripartite typology of the 'Prudentian martyr text'; in chs 3 and 4 to analyse specific poems, especially in terms of metaphor and themes; in ch. 5, to reveal Prudentius' synoptic view of the martyr cult in the pilgrimage poems of the collection (pp. 7-8).


Random number generators is required extensively by many application like cryptography, numerical analysis, signal processing. Traditional methods for random number generator design is based on linear feedback shift registers. Recently a new interest in residue number systems have increased because of its properties suitable for implementations of fast VLSI systems. Modular adder is the vital component in RNS systems. In this paper a random number generator based on adder is proposed to generate random numbers with good randomness properties desirable for cryptographic applications. Moduli set with the form of (1) is best suitable for multichannel RNS processing. The proposed model offers excellent randomness property which is the basic requirement for network security and also offers better area and delay performance.


..............................................................................................................................v CONFERENCE CONTRIBUTIONS ................................................................................... viii TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................................ ix LIST OF FIGURES ...............................................................................................................xiv LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................................xvi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .............................................................................................. xvii Chapter 1: Literature review ....................................................................................................1 1.


As the global population continues to face significant negative impact by the on-going COVID-19 pandemic, there has been an increasing usage of point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) imaging as a low-cost and effective imaging modality of choice in the COVID-19 clinical workflow. A major barrier with widespread adoption of POCUS in the COVID-19 clinical workflow is the scarcity of expert clinicians that can interpret POCUS examinations, leading to considerable interest in deep learning-driven clinical decision support systems to tackle this challenge. A major challenge to building deep neural networks for COVID-19 screening using POCUS is the heterogeneity in the types of probes used to capture ultrasound images (e.g., convex vs. linear probes), which can lead to very different visual appearances. In this study, we explore the impact of leveraging extended linear-convex ultrasound augmentation learning on producing enhanced deep neural networks for COVID-19 assessment, where we conduct data augmentation on convex probe data alongside linear probe data that have been transformed to better resemble convex probe data. Experimental results using an efficient deep columnar anti-aliased convolutional neural network designed via a machined-driven design exploration strategy (which we name COVID-Net US-X) show that the proposed extended linear-convex ultrasound augmentation learning significantly increases performance, with a gain of 5.1% in test accuracy and 13.6% in AUC.


Gertrude Jekyll,English gardener,is the key person in the Arts and Crafts Gardening.Deeply influenced by the Arts and Crafts Movement and romanticism painting,her theory is mainly on color scheme of plant association.Its core is the design principle of 'discipline-generosity' and 'harmony-contrast'.And the typical design language is the use of plants in long,thin,flowing group ——'drifts'.She achieved the integration between art and horticulture with the theory on color scheme of planting.By the cooperation with Lutyens,the style of natural planting in the regular layout was founded by her,which has had a far-ranging influence in western countries.


English abstract Many Wireless Sensor Networks deployments have to face bursty traffic, where packets are sent in a raw. For example, when a node is disconnected from the network or when the radio channel is unavailable for some time, nodes may have to store packets in the meantime. Then, when the sink is reachable again, it will have to send the stored packets, one directly after the other. This specific case is rarely addressed by Medium Access Control mechanisms. As this situation leads to long periods of channel occupancy, it may lead to increased delays and energy-consumption. In most deployment, the MAC layer configuration remains static (i.e. it does not vary over time) and homogeneous (i.e. identical for all nodes). Considering this, we here present BAT-MAC, a novel preamble-sampling MAC protocol specifically designed to address this issue through the introduction of heterogeneous nodes configuration in the network. BAT-MAC dynamically adapts MAC configuration depending on the actual and expected traffic load. This way, it allows nodes to deal with bursty traffic more quickly, and in an energy efficient manner. BAT-MAC can be used in combination with any preamble-sampling MAC protocol. In this paper, we evaluated it in association with X-MAC, and demonstrated that it can provide significant gains in terms of delays and energy consumption.


Quick Response Code Abstract: Background: Low back pain is most common complaint in majority of population. It is important to preclude its serious cause which disturbs quality of life and results in disability. Due to soft tissue detail study Magnetic Resonance Imaging is the emerging modality and used to evaluate intervertebral disk changes and spine pathologies. Objectives: To estimate the association of lower back pain with lumbar spondylosis in determination to the patterns of lumbar disc degeneration on Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Methodology: A cross sectional and observational study of 80 patients with low back pain who were prescribed lumbosacral MRI was held. All were evaluated on magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the underlying cause of low back pain along with various MRI features of lumbar spine degeneration. Result: Majority of the patients had low back pain 87.7%. Different lumbar spondylosis patterns evaluated on MRI were lumbar disk degeneration 80.2%, disc dehydration 51.9% while endplate changes were 28.4%. Other patterns such as anterior osteophytes hypertrophy of ligament flavum, facet joint arthrosis and disc bulges were evaluated. Spondylolisthesis was rare while herniation of disk and disk bulges were frequently seen at lumbar spine level of L4-L5 (50.6%). Conclusion: Lower back pain with progressing age of 45 years and above is common in lumbar spondylosis. Magnetic resonance imaging is modality of choice and has set the benchmark to detect different patterns of lumbar spondylosis including disk degeneration and other disc pathologies.


Harris-Roberts et al. [2012] described associations between chest symptoms and soy sensitization among workers at South African soy processing plants. These findings were similar to our recently reported observations in workers at a US soy processing plant [Cummings et al., 2010]. Harris-Roberts et al. also described associations between work and flu-like illness, prompting us to examine our unpublished data on flu-like illness in US soy processing workers. These data were collected in a NIOSH IRB-approved research study from participants who provided informed consent. We asked 147 study participants, all current soy plant employees, whether they had flu-like illness with aches, pains, fever, chills, and night sweats during the past 12 months and whether their symptoms were different away from work. Our determination of soy sensitization, work classification, and exposure categories has been described previously [Cummings et al., 2010]. We calculated frequencies and used logistic regression to examine associations. We considered two-sided P � 0.05 to be statistically significant. Analyses were conducted with SAS version 9.2 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC). A total of 55 (37%) participants reported flu-like illness and 20 (14%) reported flu-like illness that was better away from work (''work-related flu-like illness''). Work-related flu-like illness was not associated with soyspecific IgE (odds ratio [OR] ¼ 1.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] ¼ 0.5‐4.9). Production workers had a higher odds of work-related flu-like illness than non-production workers (OR ¼ 4.4, 95% CI ¼ 0.9‐21.0). Work-related flu-like illness was not associated with exposure categories for inhalable dust (P ¼ 0.33), inhalable soy antigen (P ¼ 0.33), or peak dust (P ¼ 0.41). When examined linearly, soy-specific IgG was not associated with workrelated flu-like illness (P ¼ 0.44). Workers in the second distributional tertile of soy-specific IgG had a higher odds of work-related flu-like illness than other workers, including those in the third distributional tertile (OR ¼ 4.6; 95% CI ¼ 0.9‐23.4). This finding may reflect immune tolerance or a healthy worker effect. The prevalence of work-related flu-like illness was lower in our study (14%) than in the study by Harris


This paper has presented simulation of performance response of state variables of a chemical boiler process. The transfer function of a boiler flow control process of a chemical plant was obtained. The transfer function was transformed into state space form to study the state variables of the system. An optimal regulator was designed using MATLAB programme. The developed optimal regulator was added to the loop of the system to form a closed loop system. A Simulink model was developed and used to study performance response of the system. Simulation was carried out for two conditions, open loop and closed loop. The simulation results indicated that the performance responses of the state variables were improved and better stability achieved with the inclusion of the designed feedback gain matrix of the optimal regulator.


OBJECTIVE
To set up a feasible method for detection of objective genes from paraffin-embedded tissues of oral leukoplakia (OLK).

METHODS
Twenty-five pieces of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues of OSCC were selected and ATM gene was detected respectively by 3 methods: the microdissection-nested PCR method, proteinase K-PCR method and conventional phenol-chloroform-PCR method. The positivity rates were compared statistically.

RESULTS
The positivity rates of these 3 methods were 84%, 52% and 64% respectively. Significant difference was found in positivity rate between the microdissection-nested PCR method and the proteinase K-PCR method (P = 0.032).

CONCLUSIONS
The microdissection-nested PCR method merits recommendation because it is more efficient, easy to perform and has the advantage of less sample amount.


Anthropology Observed Rejection of the idea of scientific objectivity and deep engagement with the ethics of anthropology are threads of commonality that run through much anthropological writing today, and give anthropology a distinctive place among the social sciences. The first two articles address the tension between objectivity and ethics.


A problem of the national elite formation in Yakutia is described in this work. The special attention is paid to the first stage of formation of the Yakut national elite from its genesis (from the end of the 17th to 18th centuries). Process of the upholding rights and privileges of national elite and as a result its stage-by-stage formation as national elite is considered in detail.


Testing the stability of correlation structures is an active research area involving the applications of multivariate analysis in financial market such as stock market analysis, risk management, market equity, general financial and economic studies, and real estates. In the financial market, the number of variable p is usually large and might reach thousands. As a consequence, the standard stability test Box's M and Jennrich's statistic are not capable to handle it. This condition makes the computation of the statistical tests quite cumbersome and tedious because the computational efficiency of finding the determinant and inverse of the correlation matrix becomes low. In order to solve these problems, this thesis introduces T*-statistic for testing the stability of correlation structure in an independent sequence of sample correlation matrices from a p-variate normal distribution based on a repeated test approach. For this purpose, the asymptotic distribution of the test under the null hypothesis is derived mathematically using the vec operator and commutation matrix. The power of T*-statistic is computed and compared with existing ones under certain conditions of the alternative hypothesis. It is found that, if p is large, then the power of T*-statistic dominates the power of the J-statistic for all shifts. On the other hand, when the shift is small, its power is equal to that the Mstatistic. The second problem is to diagnose and find an explanation when the null hypothesis is rejected. For that purpose, by considering correlation matrix as representing a complex network, network topology approach is used to demonstrate to what extent that two or more correlation structures are different from each other. To interpret the filtered network topology, four popular centrality measures have been used. Moreover, to enrich the economic interpretation, average of weights is introduced as another measure of centrality.


Breast abscess is an acute inflammatory process resulting in the formation and collection of pus under the skin in breast tissue. Typically, there is painful erythematous mass formation in the breast occasionally with draining through the overlying skin of nipple duct opening. Breast abscess if not treated in time and in proper way, can result in deformation of breast which ultimately can result in loss of self-esteem of the female who suffers from abscess. To compare outcome of closed and open drainage of breast abscess. Breast abscess if not treated in time and in proper way, can result in deformation of breast which ultimately can result in loss of self-esteem of the female who suffers from abscess. As the condition occurs in young women, scar is a major concern in comparison the approach of closed drainage which leaves behind a better scar, breast feeding is started very early and breast ragains it suppleness very fast. Furthermore Post operative pain, Scar formation, Residual abscess, time for complete healing is better with closed drainage of breast abscess.


If Ofsted comes knocking this autumn it is important to be clear on how you have reassessed children's needs and can demonstrate how your actions are linked to meeting EYFS criteria.


The physiological role of titanium in plants has not been elucidated yet , but a higher rate of growth , greater chlorophyll content and higher productivity, among others , may be attributed to this element. We have investigated the distribution of titanium in wheat seedlings after Titavit (a Ti · ascorbate containing plant conditioner) treatment applied either through the leaf or through the root. In field experiments, we also sprayed spinach plants with Titavit. We have found a practically unidirectional tran slocation of Ti from the shoot into the root, and a preferential local ization of Ti in the nuclear cell fraction as seen by JCP-AES (inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry). Electron microscopic X·ray microanalysis after chemical fixation showed little or no accumulation of Ti in the cells of the treated organs . However, if there was in appreciable Xray emission at 4.5 keV (Ti), it was recorded from the nucleoplasm and nucleolus. The comparison of ICPAES and X-ray analyses lead s us to the conclusion that the majority of Ti may be in a diffusible form in the treated cells, except the nuclei, where Ti may be bound firmly.


To charge the one or more electrically charged state-of-the-art electrode with a polymer-containing liquid stream, containing polymer which imparts an electrical charge to the liquid stream to produce an ion stream by corona discharge have in the position adjacent to the intended path of the polymer-containing liquid stream fiber spinning apparatus. Corona discharge, electro-blowing, ion Chapter, advanced electrode, the fiber web


The Technology Top 100 programme, a uniquely South African innovation, has been established to identify what is defined as a 'Technologically excellent company' based on the premise that there is an inextricable link between technology and competitive advantage.


Passive-source exploration is a method of seismic exploration that has loose requirements on the conditions of the surface, is cheap, and does not require excitation by an active source. The ambient seismic signals collected from the field over an extended period of time can be used to generate virtual-shot seismic records similar to those obtained from the seismic exploration of an active source based on the relevant correlations, and this can in turn yield information on the underground structure through a series of conventional methods of processing seismic data. Three-dimensional (3D) processing can mitigate the influence of the azimuth of random noise to yield a more representative underground structure, but requires intensive computation. In this paper, we propose a 3D method to compute reflections of a passive source based on the geometry of seismic exploration. Assuming a high quality of imaging, we use information on the predesigned geometry to choose and correlate noisy synthetic data on the reflections by a seismic body to create virtual shot data, and subsequently capture images of the 3D data on passive reflection. The use of the predesigned geometry ensures that only the important and useful parts of the dataset are used for correlation and imaging, where this reduces the cost of computation. The proposed method can thus efficiently generate high-quality 3D synthetic data.


In this paper we propose the use of infrared spectroscopy as an alternative technique to X-ray diffraction for the assessment of the crystal orientation of aluminum nitride thin films. Infrared scans of samples with different tilt angles of the c-axis are measured to accurately determine the structure of the longitudinal optical absorption band, which is found to be the composition of the contributions of three different populations of grains with different angles of tilt of the c-axis. A direct relationship is established between the wavenumber of these contributions and the actual angle of tilt measured through a XRD ψ-scan.


Aim To investigate the effects of berberine on fructose-induced insulin resistance in rats.Methods After six weeks of feeding with a high-fructose diet containing 600 g·kg-1 fructose as the sole source of carbohydrate,the experimental animals were randomly divided into three groups of eight Sprague-Dawley rats each.The berberine group was given berberine(187.5 mg·kg-1 body weight per day in 5 g·L-1 carboxymethyl cellulose)by intragastric intubation.The metformin group was given metformin(184 mg·kg-1 body weight/day in 5 g·L-1 carboxymethyl cellulose)the same way.The model group was treated either with a vehicle(5 g·L-1 carboxymethyl cellulose).Furthermore,the control group fed a standard diet was designed.After next four weeks,plasma glucose,insulin,FFA,total cholesterol,and triglyceride levels were measured.HOMA insulin resistance index were assayed.Furthermore,reverse transcription chain reaction(RT-PCR)was used to detect and analyze the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)mRNA in liver.Results High-fructose diet resulted in the elevated plasma insulin,FFA,triglyceride,HOMA and expression of TNF-α mRNA in the liver of model rats.However,berberine significantly decreased those indexes.Metformin could significantly decrease plasma,insulin,FFA,triglyceride and HOMA.Conclusions Berberine prevented fructose-induced insulin resistance and the mechanism might involve its effect on the reduction of plasma FFA,triglyceride and inhibition of liver TNF-α expression.


This paper describes the development of a plasma process to produce a durable water repellent and anti-stain thin film on synthetic textile, utilized for the upholstery in the automotive field. The coatings were deposited in non equilibrium low pressure plasmas fed with 1H, 1H, 2H-perfluo-ro- 1-decene employing, as substrates, polyethylene terephthalate and polyethylene terephthalate thermo-coupled to polyurethane foam. It was found that the XPS F/C ratio of the deposit was higher than 1.4 and that the treated textile was always very hydrophobic (WCA > 140˚) and oil re- sistant (motor oil CA > 110˚), even after wear.