Dear Editor, We report here that the pituitary hormone prolactin (PRL) has an important, conserved role in regulating adrenal gland function. The adrenal plays a pivotal role in endocrine homeostasis and stress response,which vary across lifespan andhave different features in the two sexes.[1] Furthermore, most adrenal disorders have a higher prevalence in women.[2] To get deeper insight into the mechanisms of ageand sexdependent adrenal function, we performed an integrative analysis of the mouse adrenal transcriptome by RNA-seq and active enhancer (as defined by H3K27ac ChIP-seq) usage at different ages (from E18.5 to P12 weeks) in both sexes. Multivariate analysis showed that age, but not sex, had a significant effect on adrenal global gene expression profiles (Figure and Supporting information S1; Tables S1, S2). Expression of genes related to lipid metabolism and immunity was progressively enriched with age (Figure 1C and Supporting information Table S3), with the proportion of macrophages increasing and neutrophils/mast cells decreasing at older ages (Figure 1D). The expression of different classes of secreted proteins, ion channels and enzymes showed a lower level of sex-dependent enrichment (Figure 1E and Supporting information Table S4). Age-and sex-dependent long non-coding RNA differentially expressed genes (DEG) followed the same pattern as coding DEG, being mostly specific for each age and sex (Supporting information Figure S2 and Table S5). Remarkably, P12 weeks adrenals of both sexes showed increased percentages of novel gene transcripts compared to previous ages (Supporting information Figure S2E). Sexually dimorphic expression pervades all cell populations of the mouse adrenal gland (Supporting information Figure S3 and Table S6). We identified a few thousand enhancers active in the adrenal gland at each temporal stage and in each sex (Supporting information Table S7). A subset among those belong to the super-enhancer class (SEC), genomic regions


Introduction: Caesarean section is one of the most common surgeries performed in the process was started for the interest of the mother but now it is was introduced in clinical practice as a life saving procedure for the mother and the child, as also developed some health care inequity in the world like other procedures of complexities. Under use in low income setting and adequate or even unnecessary use in middle and high income setting. the rate of caesarean delivery has increased from 3 per cent to 10 per cent between 1992 lower in comparison to some developing nations like Brazil and China. But, as India is the second most populous country in the world, a small percentage increase in rate affects huge number of population. In India, family members sometimes demand that the baby be born on an auspicious date and time by C Conclusion: Patients choice f Barring genuine indications, Obstetricians convenience and financial considerations are other major factors. With the prevailing situations patients must be info postpartum hemorrhage and other morbidities.


In this paper, the authors discuss the influence of the low-voltage distribution line for power and light on the sparkover rate of 6.6 kV power distribution line based on the numerical calculation by the EMTP. The low-voltage distribution line installed below the 6.6 kV distribution line contributes to the decrease of the sparkover rate of the 6.6 kV line mainly due to the branching effect to the lightning current in case of direct strokes to the 6.6kV line including the concrete pole.


The author argues that our view of childhood and schooling develops from our historical constructs, and that particular dominant viewpoints locate children of difference within a 'discourse of inferiority'. By re-reading our constructs from feminist perspectives we may develop literacies and instructional approaches which redress current practice.


Essentially, copyright is about control, and that control violates natural and common-law rights. In his conclusion, titled "The Packet-Switched Society," Bell, an attorney, gives his closing summation, stating that this "approach strongly recalls the policy model applied to earthbound, closed, circuit-switched networks, in which a central authority controls all communications" (p. 167). Intellectual Privilege certainly represents a unique contribution to this debate. A strength Bell's book lies in its interdisciplinarity; his argument relies on several different disciplinary approaches from public policy analysis, economics, philosophy, history, and, of course, law. While he could have only argued his position from a legal perspective, he chooses to achieve a more balanced approach that should successfully engage a larger readership. In addition, he makes the specialized discourses of law and public policy accessible to nonexpert audiences, although the charts and graphs may be overly intricate for some readers. The book also feels a little overly repetitive at times, but Bell clearly makes his case for dismantling of copyright as it currently exists. Experts from a number of diverse fields, including technical communication, rhetoric/composition, and discourse studies, should appreciate his overall point.


Well-functioning markets, adequate infrastructure and simple and clearly defined regulations are some of the characteristics of a growth-enhancing business climate. In Indonesia, some of these elements are missing, which challenges firms' operations. This note discusses the main constraints that Indonesia's manufacturing firms face, shows that these differ depending on the nature of the firm and examines the effect of these constraints on firms' productivity and decisions to invest. It concludes that the poor business climate has substantial costs in terms of firms' productivity and growth. Some broad policy recommendations emerge, and are related to improving credit information, providing microfinance for productive start-ups, improving infrastructure particularly electricity and logistics, incentivizing training, increasing collective action on sharing knowledge, improving tax administration including shortening the time for Value Added Tax (VAT) refunds and duty drawbacks, as well as strengthening law enforcement on business contracts. Addressing these constraints is not merely a task for the Government of Indonesia, but also one for the private sector. It is the Government's responsibility to set clear business regulations, as well as improve the business environment, but it is the private sector's responsibility to take action on sharing knowledge and developing its clusters.


With their rapid development and huge potential, brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) will become one of the most important technologies in human society within decades. However, the ethical framework around this technology is far from mature. This paper seeks to summarize, analyze, and provide solutions to ethical issues associated with a particularly transformative family of BMIs - cognitive BMIs. 18 articles were included in this review through a structured article selection process. The discussion of the ethics of cognitive BMIs is divided into six topics: (i) individual cost-benefit balance; (ii) privacy and cybersecurity; (iii) autonomy, authenticity, and responsibility; (iv) equality; (v) cultural issues; (vi) military dual use. Within each topic, ethical issues that appeared in the reviewed articles are discussed, and solutions or directions for approaching them are given.


Background: Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have improved the delivery of healthcare worldwide especially in disease control, patient management, and health data analysis. However, access to infrastructure like computers and knowledge of ICT is a major problem to various digital health initiatives among health professionals. Objective: The aim of the present study was, to assess healthcare workers' basic computer skills and use of social media and identify specific deficiencies that require training to help them function effectively. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study among 51 healthcare workers in seven health centers in a region in Ghana over three months using a self-administered pre-tested questionnaire. Results: Half of the participants had adequate basic computer skills, of which 60.87% were women (P=0.0205). Only 15.69%, who were all males, of participants used computer software at least once a month. Most participants also used Facebook and WhatsApp. Conclusion: Health professionals in the health centers need to be trained on basic computer skills and, information technology should be incorporated into the health systems for efficient health delivery.


A new genus and species of centrohelid heliozoans, Triangulopteris lacunata gen. et sp. nov. (Pterocystidae Cavalier-Smith and Heyden, 2007), from four geographically remote locations (the Crimean Peninsula, the Dnieper Lowland (the East European Plain), Franz Josef Land, and the Kolyma Lowland (North–Eastern Siberia) was examined using light and electron microscopy. The novel centrohelid is characterized by round shape, 4.3–16.3 μm in diameter, covered with two types of scales: 1.06–4.54 μm long triangular spine scales and 1.22–2.05 μm oval plate scales. Studied centrohelid heliozoan possesses a unique spine scale morphology. The base of scales is represented by a horse hoof-shaped basal plate. The inner surface and lateral wings of spine scales have numerous radial ribs with two 'pockets' that are located on both sides of the spine shaft. These pockets are formed by the lateral wings and ends of the basal plate. The cyst formation and transition to a spicules-bearing stage were noted. Additionally, phylogenetic tree was constructed based on SSU rRNA sequences including the strain HF-25 from the permafrost of Kolyma Lowland. The resulting phylogeny recovered it within the clade Pterista, while forming a separate sister lineage to H2 clade, which only had included freshwater environmental sequences.


Programs have been developed, using a single compartmental analysis model, that provide rapid computer derivation for values of both local cerebral blood flows (LCBF) and local tissuc:blood partition coefficients (LA) using inhaled stable xenon gas (Xes) as the indicator. These programs are planned for utilization of raw data points derived from serial computed tomography scans made between the 3rd and 9th min after 35% Xes inhalation, while concentrations of end-tidal Xes (PEXes) are concurrently monitored. Double integration and least squares fitting permitted estimation of corresponding arterial (assumed from PEXes) and tissue Xes concentrations at each scanning interval during Xes saturation. Derived estimates for LA and LCBF values for each region of interest mathematically approximate values saturated to infinity. The method described can be utilized for any freely diffusible indicator. Cross-sectional analysis of results obtained in 13 normal healthy volunteers between 20 and 80 years of age showed no age-related changes in LA values but progressive decreases in blood flow of cortex, basal ganglia, and white matter with advancing age. In senile dementia of Alzheimer's type (SDAT. n=8) LA values were likewise found to be unchanged, but cortical and thalamic gray matter LCBF values were significantly reduced compared to age-matched normal volunteers.


The characteristics of absorption,distribution and utilization of foliar applied 15N-urea in autumn and the effect of foliar spray of urea on the fruit quality under the condition of field cultivation by using seven-year-old "Hongdeng" sweet cherry(Prunus.avium L.var.Hongdeng/Daqingye) were studied.The results showed that 16.30%-17.27% of the 15N-urea was lost with the fallen leaves,and the rest 82.73%-83.70% 15N was absorpted.The stored nitrogen compound could be rapidly transported into the new organs in the next year,but the characteristics of transportation and distribution was differential.15N regurgitant and stored from branch leaves was transported to the new shoot leaves firstly,which was advantageous to vegetative growth.With time,it took on a polar distribution characteristic,then 15N regurgitant and stored from spur leaves mainly transported to the blossom organs and fruits,which was advantageous to blossoms and fruit set of sweet cherry.Our results showed that foliar application of urea could increase the fruit weight by 21.84%,improve the fruit sugar content and sugar/acid by 11.98%,21.84% compared to ck,and it could also improve the important aroma contents of fruit,such as hexanal,2-hexenal,(E)-2-hexen-1-ol,benzaldehyde.


Rats selectively ate the meat particles in test diets containing ground beef unless special precautions were taken to break up the particles. When such precautions were taken, lyophilization did not lower the measured PER of ground beef. Fried ground beef had a slightly higher PER than raw ground beef. The PER of an egg diet did not seem to be affected by the moisture level of the diet, although the adjusted PER of hard boiled eggs was slightly lower than that of lyophilized eggs.


Antibacterial extract-coated catheters are promising alternatives to their conventional counterparts, but their hemocompatibility and thermal stability must be studied. Nosocomial bacteria have developed resistance to conventional antibiotics. Herein, the minimum inhibitory but non-hemolytic concentration (MIC-NH) and the thermal stability of Larrea tridentata (L. tridentata) and Origanum vulgare (O. vulgare) extract-coated catheters were studied. Besides, plasma pretreatment was performed to enhance the extract adhesion. Briefly, the extract-coated catheters prevent Staphylococcus aureus colonization without causing hemolysis by using L. tridentata and O. vulgare extracts at MIC-NH (5000 and 2500 μg ml−1, respectively). Moreover, it has been discovered that the extract coating and plasma treatment improved the thermal stability and the extract adhesion, respectively. Thus, this study provides evidence of alternative antibacterial but non-hemolytic extract-coated catheters.


Nanoporous and nanostructured films, assemblies and arrangements are important from an applied point of view in microelectronics, photonics and optical materials. The ability to minimize reflection, control light output and use contrast and variation of the refractive index to modify photonic characteristics can provide routes to enhanced photonic crystal devices, omnidirectional reflectors, antireflection coatings and broadband absorbing materials. This work shows how multiscale branching of defect-free ITO NWs grown as a layer with a graded refractive index improves antireflection properties and shifts the transparency window into the near-infrared (NIR). The measurements confirm the structural quality and growth mechanism of the NW layer without any heterogeneous seeding for NW growth. Optical reflectance measurements confirm broadband antireflection down to <5% between 1.3-1.6 um which is tunable with the NW density. The work also outlines how the suppression of the Burstein-Moss shifts using refractive index variation allows transparency in a conductive NW layer into NIR range.


The results of high temperature solubility studies at ORNL are presented in which mainly direct pH measurements were made of aqueous solutions in contact with the crystalline solid phases: Al(OH){sub 3}, AlOOH, Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4}, Mg(OH){sub 2}, Nd(OH){sub 3}, and ZnO. Examples are highlighted of specific phenomena such as: the kinetics of gibbsite and boehmite dissolution and precipitation; the appearance of metastable equilibria in the dissolution of Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4}; the extremely rapid precipitation of crystalline brucite, Mg(OH){sub 2}; and anomalies in the apparent solubility profiles of AlO(OH) and ZnO. General trends associated with the effects of temperature and ionic strength are mentioned. Some of the potentiometric investigations were augmented by conventional batch [AlO(OH) and ZnO], and flow-through column (ZnO) experiments. In the additional case of ZnCr{sub 2}O{sub 4}, the extremely low solubility of this spinel permitted application of only the latter technique and these results are discussed in terms of the measured chromium levels that resulted from incongruent dissolution.


By enforcing the Cooperative Instructing System(CIS),the academic abilities of laboratory instructors and the management level of the instructors have been upgraded considerably.At the same time,the application and assignment of experimental equipments became more efficient and reasonable.


A new 4th generation MicroIR architecture is introduced as the latest in the highly successful Standard Camera Core (SCC) series by BAE SYSTEMS to offer an infrared imaging engine with greatly reduced size, weight, power, and cost. The advanced SCC500 architecture provides great flexibility in configuration to include multiple resolutions, an industry standard Real Time Operating System (RTOS) for customer specific software application plug-ins, and a highly modular construction for unique physical and interface options. These microbolometer based camera cores offer outstanding and reliable performance over an extended operating temperature range to meet the demanding requirements of real-world environments. A highly integrated lens and shutter is included in the new SCC500 product enabling easy, drop-in camera designs for quick time-to-market product introductions.


The central odontogenic fibroma (COF) is an extremely rare benign neoplasm of intraosseous or central presentation, being itself only 0.1% of all odontogenic tumors [1, 2]. It is histologically considered among the odontogenic tumors of mesenchymal tissue, with or without formation of odontogenic epithelium [1]. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines it as a benign proliferation of ectomesenchyme fibroblastic tissue characterized by a variable number of apparently inactive odontogenic epithelium [3]. There are two distinct histological types:


The collection efficiency f-value of a parallel-plate ionization chamber exposed to a pulsed X-ray field of high exposure rate has been discussed. The dependence of the f-value upon various parameters was clarified by numerical calculations of the rate equations for positive and negative ions. The saturation curve was also obtained with the normalized variables. A method was proposed for determining the f-value in an unknown pulsed X-ray field. It was found that the true f-value could be evaluated by fitting a normalized saturation curve to several ionic charges at different applied voltages. Experiments were carried out in a pulsed X-ray field generated by an electron linear accelerator, and the effectiveness of the method was confirmed.


Translation for cross-language information retrieval need not be word-based. We show that character n-grams in one language can be 'translated' into character n-grams of another language. We demonstrate that such translations produce retrieval results on par with, and often exceeding, those of word-based and stem-based translation.


The present invention relates to a novel titanium dioxide colloid solution prepared by the manufacturing method and the method of transparent titanium dioxide colloid solution at neutral titanium dioxide nanoparticles fine particles are dispersed. The present invention also includes a titanium dioxide colloid solution, regarding cold setting coating agent in multifunctional.


Under the background of urbanization, the development requirements of higher quality and high efficiency have been put forward for rural residents' food consumption. Promoting the transformation of rural residents' food consumption pattern is also conducive to the improvement of residents' income level and economic development level. But at this stage, there are some problems, such as low-income level, obstructed consumption channels, unreasonable consumption structure and so on. In this context, through the establishment of VEC model of food consumption and economic growth, the interactive relationship between the two is analyzed, and the impulse response analysis is made to conduct in-depth research, aiming at improving the pattern of food consumption of rural residents in the context of urbanization and putting forward corresponding development proposals.


In this study, a genetic algorithm (GA) based system is used to obtain the feasible combination of activity duration parameters for a project planning. The searching mechanism, developed in the Turbo C programming environment, and the theory, based on a genetic algorithm, can find several feasible solutions of activity duration parameters during proceeding with program evaluation and review technique (PERT) to find the minimum cost of a project. In addition, the system can simultaneously calculate the current cost and finish duration for each set of surveyed solutions in order to provide the project manager with options for the due date. With this system, improving the throughput efficiency of PERT to enhance the competition ability of enterprise in production management can thus be achieved.


strated what Meneses suggests, in chapter 4, is needed to learn something true about other people: namely, "a willingness to allow our preconceptions to be altered by the strange realities of their existence" (86). In a posture that I hope is akin to what Lindy Backues describes as "humility" in chapter 5, I propose one solution to this problem. The Christian ethnographer should conceive of the field as a landscape of apophatic prayer. In the field, that is, the ethnographer's theology should be released and—at least temporarily, and to the extent possible—forgotten. I propose that a Christian ethnographer enter the field as if he or she is walking in the "Cloud of Unknowing" and experiencing St. John's dark night of the soul. Haphazardly, slowly, and through the practice of apophatic prayer, one learns how to become open to real otherness in the world; one learns, perhaps, how to give the breath of life in ethnography. In the end, what is at stake in On Knowing Humanity is more than the recognition that Christianity is not reducible to culture and the possibility that Christianity theology can contribute to the analytical core of anthropology. At stake is an ethically engaged anthropology that is driven by the practice of Christian love (e.g., 21). The question I have here, then, which I raise as both a Christian theologian and an ethnographer, is whether we Christians are really doing what we think we are doing. The question I have, in other words, is whether there is evidence to suggest that Christian love, as it is practiced throughout the world today, is indeed ethical and therefore compelling enough to seduce the secular gaze. I think this is a very difficult question, and I am not convinced that Christians can answer it. To be sure, they cannot answer it alone.


In modern ITS (Intelligent Transportation Systems), the close shot images captured by camera are used to precise recognition of information of vehicles such as VLP (vehicle license plate), VS(vehicle shape) , VBC(vehicle body color) and etc. The precise recognition of vehicle information seriously depends upon quality of images captured by camera. The assessment of image quality is a meaningful work, which can be used to monitor the working state and adjust the control parameters of camera, further more can guide the recognition of information of vehicle. This paper proposes a novel content-based method of assessing images quality for close shot ones in ITS . The method is objective image quality assessment without reference image, which is point to single image. The assessment includes distortion type and distortion amount. Experiments show the method is valid and robust.


We study the problem of system identification for the errors-in-variables (EIV) model, based on noisy input and output measurement data, without assuming equal noise variances at the system input and output. A new method is proposed and a new identification algorithm is developed based on the subspace interpretation. The algorithm is unbiased, and achieves the consistency of the parameter estimates. The performance of the identification algorithm is examined by a numerical example, and compared with that of the Frisch scheme based algorithm.


Purpose To study the relationship of the expression of HE4 and Smac in ovarian carcinomas and their clinical significance.Methods Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of HE4 and Smac in ovarian carcinomas. Results There were statistical difference of positive HE4 expression rate between the ovarian borderline epithelial tumor(40. 9%) and ovarian cancer(81.1%). HE4 positive rate was gradually increased with the increase of pathological grading and had positive correlation with pathological grading. There were statistical difference of positive Smac expression rate between the ovarian borderline epithelial tumor(86.4%) and ovarian cancer(33.1%). Smac positive rate was gradually reduced with the increase of pathological grading and had negative correlation with pathological grading. HE4 expression was negatively related to Smac expression in ovarian cancer( rs=-0. 602,P = 0. 01). According to the two ROC curve,the AUC of both of HE4 and Smac was greater than 0. 5,which suggested they had diagnostic value for ovarian cancer. Conclusion HE4 and Smac have involved in the carcinogenesis and progression of ovarian carcinoma. They may be novel targets of diagnosis and treatment of ovarian carcinoma.


A wear resistant pipe fitting having an inlet end in fluid communication, in use, with a first linear pipe segment, and an outlet end in fluid communication, in use, with a second linear pipe segment is disclosed. The pipe fitting comprises a first eccentric reducer arranged to receive a slurry or pipeline fluid from the first linear pipe section and deliver the slurry or pipeline fluid to a second eccentric reducer; the second eccentric reducer arranged to receive the slurry or fluid from the first eccentric reducer and deliver the slurry or pipeline fluid to the second linear pipe section; and, a flow interrupter device positioned within the first eccentric reducer for disrupting the flow of the slurry or pipeline fluid before the slurry or fluid enters the second eccentric reducer.


Data on the injury rate of skiers and snowboarders are currently limited. The aim of this study was, therefore, to assess the frequency of general and dental injuries among snow sports instructors, to investigate the use of protective gear and mouthguards, and to evaluate snow sports instructors' dental first aid know‐how.


This paper presents an electrified powertrain including the switched reluctance generator (SRG), the switched reluctance motor (SRM) and the corresponding integrated power converters for series hybrid electric vehicle (HEV). Five driving modes for the series HEV are implemented according to the state-of-charge (SOC) of battery bank and road conditions. The corresponding control strategies are proposed for the electric drive system to achieve different driving modes. The experiments are carried out to verify the effectiveness of proposed integrated powertrain and the control schemes.


The studies of this article were made based on the designs and data calculated on the bridge "Guillermo Gaviria Correa" that crosses the Magdalena river. The goal is to show that all the civil works are designed to last "certain number of years" and not really to resist certain forces. The MEST model is a good example because it shows us the world as it really should be, testing all our senses in order to conclude which is the most important way that gives the largest amount of information to the brain by means of stimulations. The present work is a product of the research project PIC 1382, developed by the research group "Vision Colombia Hidrica" de la Universidad Militar Nueva Granada.


The proliferative response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) to the mitogens PHA and Con A was significantly depressed in 86% of 45 head and neck cancer patients compared with 44 normal controls. This depression of immune competence was greatest in older patients and in those with more advanced disease stages. The abnormal mitogen responses could be restored toward normal (especially with Con A stimulation) by incubating the cells with either of two prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors (indomethacin or RO-205720). This augmentation of immune response was independent of other factors, including the primary tumor site, disease stage, treatment (surgery, radiation therapy, or chemotherapy) or the patient's age or race. The most likely explanation for this depressed level of immunocompetence was an excessive production of PGE2 by suppressor cells. This was confirmed by the finding that PBMC from patients produced more PGE2 than PBMC from normal individuals (8.4 ng/ml vs. 5.2 ng/ml, p = 0.002). This difference was greatest among patients less than 60 years of age whose cultured PBMC produced 91% more PGE2 than controls (p < 0.0007). Virtually all of the PGE2 was produced by a population of monocytes defined by a monoclonal antibody and purified with a fluorescence-activated cell sorter. Patients with epidermoid cancer of the head and neck thus have an abnormality of immunoregulatory monocytes that can contribute significantly to their depression of cellular immunity by elaborating prostaglandin E2. This abnormality could be partially corrected in vitro by incubating their PBMC with a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor.


The thesis is about leisure sports taken by college students in some universities in Jilin Province by using the methods of questionnaire,literature and statistics.The conclusion is,college students have desires but not strong desires to take part in leisure sports.The conception of consuming in sports is still old,so we should make good use of media for introducing the importance of P.E.knowledge and significance to health,making them strengthen the awareness of sports.and consumption.


It is important siginicicant in the global carbon cycle and global warming to study root respiration.In China,however,there was rarely view of root respiration of trees.A summary of factors affecting the tree roots respiratory was reviewed.In particular,the effects of nitrogen on the root respiration were detailedly studied and analyzed.And future research was discussed.


Utility load-growth forecasts need to be adjusted upward if the US is to have the electric power available for a revitalized economy and the growing industrial electrification of processes and robotics. Utilities are currently planning only an additional 200 gigawatts by 1991, which would leave no operating margin if load growth is 4% a year. Even the shift to small, modular plants with shorter lead times will not prevent a shortfall unless load management and capacity are kept in balance. New transmission and distribution technology can help to maintain the correct balance. (DCK)


Recurrent oral ulceration usually induced pain and influence patient's quality of life. Reccurent Aphthous Stomatitis (RAS) is a common disorder with recurring ulcers, affecting the oral mucosa, painful and no other signs of systemic disease. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is considered as a predisposing factor for RAS. Lesion of RAS associated with HIV, usually more severe, longer lasting to healing and non specific clinical features. This case report describe clinical features of recurrent oral ulceration in HIV patient.  A 23 year old female came with complaint oral ulceration in soft palate and tongue since 2 months ago. Patient was diagnosis HIV since seven years ago. Several examinations were done to explore possibility of opportunist infection in HIV patient. Intra oral examination showed regular ulcer, with yellowish base, surrounding erythematous halo. The locations of ulcer were in labial mucosa, dorsum and ventral of the tongue, and soft palate. Ulceration in keratinized mucosa and non keratinized mucosa, gives un-specific features mimicking Tuberculous oral ulcer but in this case there was no indurations on all ulcer. Based on anamnesis and clinical examination, the diagnosis of this case is RAS with differential diagnosis of Tuberculous oral ulcer. The therapy given was gold standard of RAS, the outcome was successful without TB therapy. RAS on HIV Patient can give unspecific clinical features, mimicking oral manifestation of opportunist infection commonly occurred in HIV patient.


We discuss the static and dynamic magnetic properties of cold quantum gas systems. In particular, we investigate and analyze the ground state properties and dynamics of F = 2 spinor Bose-Einstein condensates of 87 Rb. The rich physics of these systems is governed by an interplay between mean-field-driven spin dynamics and hyperfine-changing losses in addition to interactions with atoms in the thermal cloud. We find conversion rates on the order of 10 -12 cm 3 s -1 for spin-changing collisions within the F = 2 manifold and spin-dependent loss rates on the order of 10 -13 cm 3 s -1 for hyperfine-changing collisions. Our data leads to the conclusion that the F = 2 ground state of 87 Rb is polar, while we measure the F = 1 ground state to be ferromagnetic. As remarkable features in the spin dynamics we observe spinor oscillations and a delayed formation of new m F -condensate components.


......................................................................................................................................I ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS................................................................................................................II TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................................................. IV LIST OF TABLES .......................................................................................................................... VI LIST OF FIGURES......................................................................................................................... IX LIST OF EQUATIONS .................................................................................................................XIX NOMENCLATURE.......................................................................................................................XXI 1.0 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................1 1.1 IMPETUS FOR THIS RESEARCH ..............................................................................................1 1.2 RESEARCH OUTLINE.............................................................................................................3 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW.........................................................................................................5 2.1 SKIN BURNS.........................................................................................................................5 2.2 FIRE FIGHTING CLOTHING DESIGN ......................................................................................10 2.2.1 Performance Characteristics........................................................................................10 2.2.2 Current Test Methods...................................................................................................12 2.3 CURRENT TEST LIMITATIONS AND PROPOSED IMPROVEMENTS .............................................18 3.0 PROPOSED NEW TEST METHODS .................................................................................25 3.1 THERMAL PROPERTIES TEST FIXTURE.................................................................................25 3.1.1 Test Configuration ........................................................................................................25 3.1.2 Test Cases ...................................................................................................................36 3.1.3 Material Property Determination Prop1D...................................................................38 3.2 MODIFIED RADIANT PROTECTIVE PERFORMANCE TEST ........................................................42 3.2.1 Test Configuration ........................................................................................................43 3.2.2 2 Degree Burn Determination....................................................................................49 4.0 PROTECTIVE CLOTHING PERFORMANCE ....................................................................73 4.1 THERMAL PROPERTIES .......................................................................................................73 4.1.1 Dry Material Comparison..............................................................................................73 4.1.2 Moisture Affect .............................................................................................................78 4.1.3 Ensemble Property Determination ...............................................................................86 4.2 RADIANT PROTECTIVE PERFORMANCE ................................................................................89 4.2.1 Copper Calorimeter Results.........................................................................................90 4.2.2 Skin simulant Prediction ...............................................................................................99 4.2.3 Sensor Comparison....................................................................................................129 5.0 CONCLUSION...................................................................................................................137 5.1 SUMMARY........................................................................................................................137 5.1.1 Thermal Properties Test Fixture – Material Property Summary.................................137 5.1.2 RPP Evaluations 2 Degree Burn Prediction..........................................................139 5.2 FUTURE RESEARCH..........................................................................................................141


Abstract. Female Northern Pintails (Anas acuta) were sampled in California's three main Central Valley wintering regions (Sacramento Valley, Suisun Marsh, San Joaquin Valley) during September–October before most regional movements occur and microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA were analyzed to examine population structure and relatedness. Despite reportedly high rates of early-fall pairing and regional fidelity, both sets of markers indicated that there was little overall genetic structuring by region. Pintails from Suisun Marsh did exhibit higher relatedness among individuals and capture groups than in the Sacramento or San Joaquin Valleys, likely reflecting a sample comprised of a greater proportion of local breeders. The lack of genetic structuring among regions indicates that a high degree of movement and interchange occurs among pintails wintering in the Central Valley. Thus, although maintaining the existing distribution of pintails among Central Valley regions is important for other reasons, it does not appear to be critical to retain current patterns of population genetic variation. Because of potential lack of independence among highly related study individuals, researchers should consider regional differences in relatedness when designing sampling schemes and interpreting research findings.


Authors point out two observations of tumors of brachial plexus. With these two cases and review of the literature, they show that therapeutic problems depend to the histopathological aspect of tumor.


The new barrel theory is introduced for the current problems of higher vocational colleges' administrative team.The administrative team to address the "short board" is a strategy to create a whole needs to adapt to the situation,a high degree of understanding and co-operation of the efficient administrative team to improve the overall level of the higher vocational colleges' administration.


Abstract Aiming at the non-linearity of state equation and observation equation of SSP (Siemen Schottel Propulsor) propulsion motor, an improved particle filter algorithm based on strong tracking extent Kalman filter (ST-EKF) was presented, and it was imported into the marine SSP propulsion motor control system. The strong tracking filter was used to update particles in the new algorithm and produce importance densities. As a result, the problems of particle degeneracy and sample impoverishment were ameliorated, the propulsion motor states and the rotor resistance were estimated simultaneously using strong track filter (STF), and the tracking ability of marine SSP propulsion motor control system was improved. Simulation result shown that the improved EPF algorithm was not only improving the prediction accuracy of the motor states and the rotor resistance, but also it can satisfy the requirement of navigation in harbor. It had the better accuracy than EPF algorithm.


For mechanical elements running under severe working condition, there inevitably exist some small defects caused during working. The weak area, which is sensitive to defects, of the structure is more vulnerable, resulting in early damage during service. This paper describes a novel anti-defect design method for optimizing structure to enhance the reliability of vulnerable areas. First, a half-real defect model derived from the real defect is developed to model the geometrical characteristics of defects. Then, the damage degrees of model parameters are identified by Sobol's sensitivity method and the vulnerable area can be labeled according to the damage degree. Finally, we take the vulnerable area as the object of anti-defect optimization for structure and the optimization variables are selected tendentiously based on parameters with larger damage degrees. The multiobjective particle swarm algorithm is then employed to find the optimal distribution of the variables in order to improve the safety of the sensitive area of structure. We take the impeller blade as the research subject to verify the validity of the proposed method. Analysis results showed that the proposed method can increase the structure strength and delay the damage of the mechanical elements.


The work was carried out in the Basic Unit of Cooperative Production "Camilo Cienfuegos" of the urban farm of San Miguel del Padron municipality, at Havana C...


ABSTRACT This article will consider the recent 'remastered' editions of the first twelve seasons of the Comedy Central animated series South Park (1997-), and the impact that this may have upon the meanings associated with the original episodes. The show is now produced in a high-definition format, and most circulating versions of new instalments present any swearing 'unbleeped'. These choices were not present from the very beginning of the series, however, and retrospectively applying them to past works serves to complicate the linear production history of the show. South Park has been quite vocal in its criticism of the revisionist practices of directors such as Steven Spielberg and George Lucas (most notably in the episode 'Free Hat', airdate 07/10/2002). As such, this decision to submit to an apparently similar process raises questions about South Park's 'cult' status, and the previous tendency to celebrate its (self-professed) 'crappy' aesthetics. The show's remarkable longevity offers a valuable case study into the complexities and contradictions of preserving television history, while also attempting to maximize a text's profitability and 'afterlife' in the online streaming marketplace.


Based on the 2×2 contingency table,a series of parameters,including X2-test,Ochiai values(OI) and correlation index were used to analyze the characteristics of interspecific associations among 17 dominant populations in the communities with Alseodaphne hainanensis in Bawangling,Hainan Island.The results showed that the interspecific associations among 17 dominant populations were not significantly positive correlation.The 136 species pairs at all were consisted of 17 dominant populations.When the sampling area was 100 m2,72 species pairs had positive correlation,63 species pairs negative correlation,and 1 species pairs no correlation.The X2-test indicated that 2 species pairs had significantly positive correlation and 3 species pairs had significantly or very significantly negative correlation.The Ochiai value(OI) of 125 species pairs ranged from 0 to 0.6,9 species pairs were greater than or equal to 0.6,and 2 species pairs were 0.When the sampling area was 50 m2,59 species pairs had positive correlation,70 species pairs negative correlation,and 7 species pairs no correlation.The X2-test indicated that 6 species pairs had significantly positive correlation,and 2 species pairs had significantly negative correlation.The OI of 129 species pairs ranged frome 0 to 0.6,and the others 7 species pairs were 0.There were differences in interspecific association among communities with different dominant populations,but the interspecific associations in community with Syzygium araiocladum as dominant population were stronger than those in other communities,it reflected that the community was stable.


PURPOSE: A vertical taking-off/landing airplane is provided to increase the propelling efficiency by forming a fan blade in a duct shape to shield the structure of a ring. CONSTITUTION: In a vertical taking-off/landing of an airplane, two main lift fans(1,2) to be tilted and a fixing type front lift fan(3) to be installed in the front part of the airplane are driven. In a forward flying, the driving of the front lift fan is isolated and two main lift fans are driven by tilting. Thereby, the vertical taking-off and the landing are efficient and the high forward flying speed is obtained.


Surge protective devices (SPDs) are installed at the boundaries of lightning protection zones (LPZs) to damp the surges to the protection level of the SPD. If the circuit between the SPD and the apparatus to be protected is too long, the propagation of the surges leads to oscillation phenomenon. In this case, the overvoltage can be increased at the apparatus terminals. The increase is taken into account by an enhancement factor which gives the ratio of the maximum overvoltage at the apparatus terminals to the SPD protective level. According to IEC 62305-4, the maximum enhancement factor is considered to be equal to two in the worst case of open-circuit condition. The objective of the present paper is to check this relation for equipment connected to low-voltage (LV) power system. The LV power system is considered as TN-S system with different routings in a three-storey building. The terminals of apparatus are substituted by different loads. All Maxwell's equations are solved by the method of moments and the voltage is calculated at the apparatus terminals. The SPD itself is simulated by a voltage source at the ground floor of the building. The results reveal that the apparatus terminal voltage may overshoot the SPD protection level by a factor of 3.


It provides a dielectric device having a dielectric thin film consisting of a layer of the perovskite nanosheets. Thus, the perovskite can nanosheets can take advantage of the high physical properties and organization, structure controllability of the reader with, it is possible to achieve a high dielectric constant and excellent insulating property in the nano-domain at the same time. A dielectric element


Interaction between calix[4]resorcinarenes 1 and 2-amino-1,3,2-diheterophosphorinanes 2 resulted in sterically pure polyphosphocyclic conjugates 3. The structure of which was supported by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. The possibility of further modification of perphosphorylated resorcinarenes 3 was studied. It was shown that compounds 3a,b containing tBu–N groups at the phosphorus atoms do not enter into reactions increasing the coordination number of phosphorus because of steric hindrance. Sterically less hindered phosphoresorcinarenes 3c-i readily add sulfur, oxygen, and form octanuclear and chelate complexes with transition metals (Mo and Pd, respectively).


This article provides a broad overview of the various issues concerning the multiple conflicts of interest among the various tax administrations of the State and Navarra, and also among Navarra and the Basque Country. Starting with a general overview of the histoRevista Juridica de Navarra ISSN: 0213-5795. Julio-Diciembre 2009. No 48. Paginas 75-105 75 * Este trabajo se ha realizado en el marco del proyecto de investigacion SEJ2005-09257-C0301/JURI, titulado RETOS ACTUALES Y PERSPECTIVAS DE FUTURO DE LA FINANCIACION AUTONOMICA EN ESPANA. REGIMEN ESPECIAL NAVARRO rical precedents of the tax arbitration panel in Navarra, the article then deals with issues specific to taxpayers, including the lack of legal entitlement to initiate a conflict process as well as the overlapping among the different judicial routes available to solve such conflict. Finally, the article focuses on the compatibility of the local tax court and arbitration systems and the Spanish constitutional court, with special emphasis on their respective fields of action. KeywordS. Tax arbitration panel. Navarra tax regime. Jurisdictional conflicts. Local Financing. Federal tax regime. Economic Agreement State-Navarra.


Multilayer films which contain ordered layers of more than one protein species were assembled by means of altemate electrostatic adsorption mostly with positively charged poly(ethy1enimine) (PEI) or with negatively charged poly(styrenesu1fonate) (PSS). Water-soluble proteins used are cytochrome c (Cyt), myoglobin (Mb), lysozyme (Lys), histone f3, hemoglobin (Hb), glucoamylase (GA), and glucose oxidase (GOD). Charged protein layers formed multilayers with linear polymers acting as glue or filler. The assembly was monitored by a quartz crystal microbalance and W spectroscopy. Linear film growth was observed up to at least 25 molecular layers. The assembly of Mb and Lys, both positively-charged, was realized in altemation with PSS in the form of {PEI/PSS + (Mb/PSS)2 + (MbPSS/Lys/PSS)d}. The assembly of oppositely-charged (at pH 6.5) Lys and GOD consists from Lys and GOD layers separated by a polycatiodpolyanion bilayer: {PEYPSSPEI f (PSS/Lys)2 + PSSPEI f (GOD/PEI)6}. Hb was assembled as "positive" unit at pH 4.5 (in alternation with PSS) and as "negative" unit at pH 9.2 (in altemation with PEI). A multilayer consisting of alternating montmorillonite, PEI, and GOD layers was also assembled. These biomolecular architecture open a way to construct artificially orchestrated protein systems that can carry out complex enzymic reactions.


The Cretaceous–Tertiary boundary (KTB) mass extinction is primarily known for the demise of the dinosaurs, the Chicxulub impact, and the frequently rancorous thirty-years-old controversy over the cause of this mass extinction. Since 1980 the impact hypothesis has steadily gained support, which culminated in 1990 with the discovery of the Chicxulub crater on Yucatán claimed as the KTB impact site and ''smoking gun'' that virtually proved this hypothesis. In a perverse twist of fate, this discovery also began the decline of the impact hypothesis, because for the first time it could be tested directly based on the impact crater and impact ejecta in sediments throughout the Caribbean, Central America, and North America. Two decades of multidisciplinary studies amassed a database with a sum total that overwhelmingly reveals the Chicxulub impact as predating the KTB mass extinction in the impact-crater cores, in sections throughout northeastern Mexico and in Brazos River sections of Texas, U.S.A. This paper recounts the highlights of the KTB controversy, the discovery of facts inconsistent with the impact hypothesis, and the resurgence of the Deccan volcanism hypothesis as the most likely cause for the mass extinction.


Chapter 1 A Shift in Strategies Chapter 2 The Building Strategy Chapter 3 The Market Strategy Chapter 4 The Technology Strategy Chapter 5 The Raw Materials Strategy Chapter 6 The International Strategy Chapter 7 The Profit Strategy Chapter 8 The Future Strategy


An investigation was made of a chemical HF laser in which a mixture of the F2 : O2 : SF6 : H2 = 3 : 1 : 3 : 1 composition was initiated by a longitudinal electric discharge. Optimization of the initiation stage ensured a technical efficiency of the HF laser amounting to η1 = 63% when the physical efficiency was 120%. The specific input energy optimized to ensure a high value of η1 was 80 J liter−1 atm−1 . The maximum output energy of 23 J was obtained when the pressure of the mixture was 28 Torr and the technical efficiency was η1 = 50%.


In this article, we primarily propose a novel Bayesian characterization of stationary and nonstationary stochastic processes. In practice, this theory aims to distinguish between global stationarity and nonstationarity for both parametric and nonparametric stochastic processes. Interestingly, our theory builds on our previous work on Bayesian characterization of infinite series, which was applied to verification of the (in)famous Riemann Hypothesis. Thus, there seems to be interesting and important connections between pure mathematics and Bayesian statistics, with respect to our proposed ideas. We validate our proposed method with simulation and real data experiments associated with different setups. In particular, applications of our method include stationarity and nonstationarity determination in various time series models, spatial and spatio-temporal setups, and convergence diagnostics of Markov Chain Monte Carlo. Our results demonstrate very encouraging performance, even in very subtle situations. Using similar principles, we also provide a novel Bayesian characterization of mutual independence among any number of random variables, using which we characterize the properties of point processes, including characterizations of Poisson point processes, complete spatial randomness, stationarity and nonstationarity. Applications to simulation experiments with ample Poisson and non-Poisson point process models again indicate quite encouraging performance of our proposed ideas. We further propose a novel recursive Bayesian method for determination of frequencies of oscillatory stochastic processes, based on our general principle. Simulation studies and real data experiments with varieties of time series models consisting of single and multiple frequencies bring out the worth of our method.


Abstract The effects of trampling are usually confounded by the diffuse impacts of the urbanization of sandy beaches. We performed a controlled experiment on a beach with low visitation rates to test the hypothesis that ghost crabs avoid building their burrows on impacted plots as a result of the compacted sediment, and they migrate to non-trampled areas. The sampling design encompassed 11 survey quadrats (6 × 6 m) above the strandline, including five trampled plots (100, 300, 900, 1500 and 3000 steps) and six non-trampled plots. The plots were sampled before and after 24, 48 and 72 h of experimental trampling. We found that the ghost crabs avoided building their burrows in only the 1500× and 3000× trampled plots after 24 h, but the avoidance was not related to sediment compactness. Additionally, the emersion time and escape distance from humans were significantly delayed in the most trampled plots, suggesting a lower surface activity and an avoidance of irregular (i.e. high micro-relief) sediment surfaces by ghost crabs, which might reduce their ability to perceive potential predators.


Field strength distributions and perturbations have been investigated in a GTEM cell 1750, which is about 8m long. One of the critical frequencies at 123 MHz has been used to expand the GTEM field structure analysis. At this frequency a rectangular cross section (w=3.20 m; h=1.60 m) is measured with a field sensor, giving E, H fields and phase. In parallel a computer simulation using time domain finite difference code was performed. The results compare favorably well. This means for the first time a numerical model of the GTEM cell is now available and validated.


This article analyses the Brazilian PL 2630, so-called "fake news bill," according to platform regulation approaches focused on speech, data, and market power. This law project was introduced in 2020 with the objective to fight disinformation campaigns in digital platforms such as social media and messaging services. After a multistakeholder debate, the latest version of the bill before the 2022 general elections was presented in the Chamber of Deputies. This article argues that the bill takes different stances with regard to those three basic elements. The bill strongly draws on the dimension of speech, establishing requirements for transparency in content moderation following the highest international standards. On data and market power, however, the bill makes no significant progress, with little contribution, for example, to tackling the surveillance-based business model. This way, it does not touch on structural conditions that shape disinformation campaigns, such as the profit motive of digital platforms. It follows a general pattern of platform regulation, leaving structural features untouched and, this way, eventually undermining stronger efforts against online disinformation.


Prior studies have shown that breast CT (bCT) outperforms mammography in the visualization of mass lesions, yet underperforms in the detection of micro-calcifications. The Breast Tomography Project at UC Davis has successively developed and fabricated four dedicated breast CT scanners, the most recent code-named Doheny, that produce high resolution, fully tomographic images, and overcome the tissue superposition effects of mammography at equivalent radiation dose. Over 600 patients have been imaged thus far in an ongoing clinical trial. The Doheny prototype differs from prior bCT generations in its usage of a pulsed rather than continuous x-ray source and in its utilization of a CMOS flat-panel fluoroscopic detector rather than TFT. Spatial Resolution analysis performed on Doheny indicates that the MTF characteristics have been substantially improved.


This review article considers how social-ecological systems change is transforming human health in the Anthropocene. From hunting and gathering bands through modern globalized societies, human health has been shaped by circular feedbacks between ecological processes, available energy sources, levels of social complexity, and cultural ontologies. As the environmental crises of the early Anthropocene (biodiversity loss, climate change, land use changes) push ecosystems across thresholds into new configurations, we are experiencing an equally profound transition for human health. Drawing on literatures from medical anthropology, sociology, complexity science, and ecological economics, this article argues that promising alternatives for health systems in the Anthropocene are emerging beyond the boundaries of the formal healthcare sector in community-based practices that can take root in a context of ecological limits, economic contraction, and growing networks of reciprocal care.


Fifty two patients with typhoid fever were studied. Hematomegaly occurred in 7I % of the patients. Hepatic enlargement was noted in the first week as well as during the course of the disease but the maximum incidence was found in the second week. Almoimal liver function tests were found in both groups, with and without hepatomegaly. Jaundice was present in 2 cases. Biopsies showed focal necrosis, cellular infiltration. Kupffer cell proliferation and hydropic degeneration. Typhoid nodules were demonstrated in 2 out of the 7 cases. The prognosis of typhoid fever with liver abnormalities is good and requires no further treatment. Key Words: hepatomegaly - abnormal liver function test - jaundice - liver biopsy - nonspecific reactive hepatitis


Backhaul traffic reliability is improved in unlicensed spectrum bands by using cross-protocol channel sensing and reservation. Physical carrier sensing may be employed to scan channel quality of a plurality of carriers of an unlicensed spectrum band and select a carrier for use in a wireless backhaul communications link between a first base station and a second base station based on the scanned channel quality. The described features may further include the first base station transmitting a self-addressed reservation frame on the selected first carrier prior to transmission of backhaul data from the first base station to the second base station over the first carrier.


It is proposed an oil / Slurrybrenner with Injektionszerstaubung for the gasification of laden with solids liquid fuels under high pressures of for example 80 bar (8 MPa) and high temperatures, for example from 1200 to 1900 degrees Celsius in reactors with liquid slag prints, in which a plurality outside the annular duct arranged concentrically to the burner axis feed elements are added to the introduction of liquid fuel and atomising means, wherein the individual feed elements are straight in the burner in itself, are inclined in the direction of the burner mouth to the burner axis and end at the mouth of the burner beside the Oxydationsmittelaustritt. The introduction of liquid fuel and the Zerstaubertreibmittels in each fully formed tubes with a corresponding nozzle different liquid fuels can be supplied to and reacted in a flame reaction simultaneously over the single injections.


Publishers details for: National Treasures from Australia's Great Libraries. National Library of Australia, Canberra, 2005. 162 pp., col. ill., bibliog., index. $34.95.


This teoric revision has as objective to describe the depression as a predictive and important part o suicidal behavioral in adolescents. Trying to specify the importance of relating this two variables, the article makes a brief description about depression including symptoms , causes, risks factors, small bases of treatment and some statistics that let us have knowledge about the importance and the frequency of this mental illness in adolescents. In the same way, the article describe suicide, the behavioral that indicates that a person is thinking about taking his life off, predisposition factors and the way in which therapists can take part.


A large population in developing countries depends on herbal drugs for their health care needs. We recognized a central gap in recent ethno-pharmacological research in Salacia species, which impacts factors applicable for a sustainable, equal socio-cultural, and safe supply of herbal medicines. The study was conducted at the lowland wet zone in Sri Lanka to understand the current environmental, economic, and social status of various Salacia species. Data were collected from using a mixed-method approach with a general review of the literature in a systematic online search with a hand search of bibliographies, face to face interviews, and discussions with respondents from March to May 2019. The data were collected from a total of 100 respondents that consisted of cultivators (60), collectors (2), traders (10), processors (5), and consumers (23). The survey results revealed that Salacia species in the wild are illegally harvested by unskilled persons for different purposes and economic benefit through illegal sales. It also revealed various issues such as the lack of knowledge about Salacia species, harvesting time, unavailability of desired Salacia species, and government restrictions or bans on wild collection faced by Salacia species collectors in the region had occurred in this field. This suggests that there is a need to develop practical and economically sound strategies for the efficient utilization of Salacia species to improve the condition of marginalized communities, which is a process that should eventually lead the country towards greater economic stability.


The aim of this work is to assess the potential of using video games as a means of positioning the foreign policy of the Russian Federation. The research methodology is built by combining an expert survey with elements of descriptive analysis and case study. Within the framework of this study, 10 expert informal interviews were conducted using online video communication services. The author comes to the conclusion that video games have high potential in terms of being used as a resource for positioning Russia's foreign policy. A high degree of genre differentiation makes it possible to use them as a tool to influence the political perception of all segments of the target audience. Game genres, which are potentially attractive to a wide range of users who do not have a sustained interest in political topics, are the least resource-intensive. At the same time, within the community of gamers, there is potentially already formed consumer demand for a new product that belongs to familiar genres, but has an original storyline. The practical significance of the work lies in the development of specific recommendations that can be used in the framework of the program for the creation and promotion of appropriate video games. The theoretical significance is manifested through the possibility of improving explanatory models through the analysis of the revealed empirical material.


Uniform growth, actions on trees and $GL_2$ by R. C. Alperin and G. A. Noskov Centralisers of involutions in black box groups by A. V. Borovik Measuring sets in infinite groups by A. V. Borovik, A. G. Myasnikov, and V. Shpilrain Quantum one-way automata and finitely generated groups by E. M. Freden Spectral properties of a torsion-free weakly branch group defined by a three state automation by R. I. Grigorchuk and A. Zuk Malnormal subgroups of free groups by T. Jitsukawa Variants of product replacement by C. R. Leedham-Green and S. H. Murray Weakly amenable groups by D. V. Osin The Knuth-Bendix procedure for strings and large rewriting systems by C. C. Sims.


Nutrition is a key component in the management of infants with chronic kidney disease (CKD). These infants often have poor appetites, small oral intakes, and difficulty meeting their nutritional re...


The cerebral cortex and hippocampus are important for the control of cognitive functions and social behaviors. Cortical and hippocampal dysfunction has been observed in a variety of neurological diseases and psychiatric disorders, many of which display gender bias in incidence and symptomatology, including autism and Alzheimer's disease. Some of these sex‐biased diseases have been linked to defects in pre‐mRNA splicing, suggesting that RNA processing factors may play a vital role in brain sexual differentiation at the posttranscriptional level. Therefore, we hypothesize that the expression of the genes associated with RNA splicing and processing might be sexually dimorphic in the mouse cortex and hippocampus during early development, which creates different mRNA variants between the sexes and then leads to differences in structure and function of these brain regions. To test our hypothesis, we first reanalyzed our gene expression microarray data in neonatal mouse cortex/hippocampus with Gene Ontology enrichment analysis and found that the genes with the annotation of "RNA binding" were over‐represented (13 out 89 candidate genes). With addition of 4 other genes with the same annotation displaying >1.2‐fold difference in expression between the sexes, we identified 17 candidate genes. We next used reverse transcriptase with quantitative PCR (RT‐qPCR) to measure and determine relative mRNA levels of the 14 candidate genes residing autosomal chromosomes in the cortex/hippocampus of male and female mice collected on the day of birth (PN0), and 7 (PN7), 14 (PN14), and 21 (PN21) days after birth. A two‐way ANOVA revealed a significant main effect of sex on mRNA levels of Khdrbs2, Nanos2, Rbm48, and Tdrd3. Among these genes, females expressed more Rbm48 and Tdrd3 mRNA on PN0 and PN7 while female‐biased Khdrbs2 expression was observed in neonates. In contrast, Nanos2 displayed an overall female‐biased expression among all ages, but there was no significant effect of sex on mRNA levels at a particular age. These results suggest that sex and age‐dependent change in expression of RNA processing factors might be the molecular mechanism underlying the development of sexual dimorphism in cortical and hippocampal structure and function as well as gender bias in risk and resilience to neurological diseases and psychiatric disorders associated with these brain regions.


The theoretical aerodynamic properties of supersonic aerofoils of polygonal section are well known. This note describes the results obtained by applying supersonic aerofoil theory to a simple curved aerofoil of arbitrary maximum thickness position, the leading and trailing edges of which are pointed. The results for a symmetrical curved section are compared with the theoretical properties of a symmetrical double-wedge section.


ESP is a new subject starting from 1960s and is popular with many learners and linguists due to its practicality and speciality.In learning ESP vocabulary is a main problem.So this essay analyzes the importance and characteristics of the vocabulary in ESP teaching and simply illustrates the teaching methods of ESP.


The bachelor's thesis deals with meningeal signs in prehospital care, their origin, diagnosis and treatment.
The theoretical part deals with basic anatomical structures of the central nervous system. Subsequent chapters are concerned with individual causes of meningeal irritation, meningeal symptoms themselves and recommended procedures for individual states.
In the practical part the frequency of dispatches to patients with meningeal symptoms, either of infectious or other origin, is observed. The questionnaire is based on the recommended procedure of the UM and MK professional society for invasive meningococcal disease. A large part of the questionnaire is focused on the verification of knowledge of the mentioned procedure.


Speech and language are two important areas of child's development and their progress is most evident at preschool age. Even though this development takes place within specific norms, it is influenced by various factors – one of them being recurrent otitis media.
This is the very field I focus on in my thesis – the influence of recurrent otitis media on phonological development of preschool children.
In my thesis, I first present basic ear anatomy, possible hearing impairments and hearing basics, followed by an introduction of phonetics, phonology and phonological development in children. I dedicate a separate chapter to speech transcription, which makes up an important part of my thesis.
The largest part of the thesis has been set aside for the research - 18 children have been included (6 of them with recurrent otitis media and 12 unaffected by it) aged between 4 years and 7 months, and 6 years and 1 month. They have all been tested using "The phonological development test" that is the product of an international project called Cross-Linguistic study of protracted phonological (speech) development in children. I have recorded, transcribed (according to IPA) and analysed their answers.
I was interested in the way speech realisation of various words differs between the children with recurrent otitis media and those unaffected by it. I have analysed the correspondence between their pronunciation of entire words and that of adult speakers of the same (dialect) area, and the occurring differences – meaning different phonological processes (at the level of word, syllable and phoneme).
I have established that the processes of substitution are the most common among all children, but more frequent in the group of children with recurrent otitis media. The greatest number of problems occur with the correct articulation of sibilants, namely phonemes /s/, /z/, /ʦ/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/ and /ʧ/ (the ratio between the test and control group being 3.1 : 1) and the phoneme /r/ (the ratio between the test and control group being 3 : 1). The third most frequent process is the substitution of a consonant with another consonant (7,5 : 1 ratio), with weak articulation of a certain phoneme (2 : 1) being the fourth. Those processes are followed by epenthesis, simplification of consonant clusters, substitution of a vowel with another vowel when not caused by natural language or dialect processes, devoicing, omission of a phoneme, assimilation, migration and metathesis.


Despite the growing interest in using online quizzes with Student Response System (SRS) for assessment, knowledge and empirical evidence about learner acceptance and risk of cheating are still limited in the literature. Hence, to address such gaps, this study explored Thai EFL learner acceptance and perceived risk of cheating of using Socrative for vocabulary tests. The participants ( N = 461, 77.4% female, 22.6% male) attended a General English (GE) course that required them to learn fifty English words every week. The vocabulary tests took place in the first ten minutes of the class for ten weeks delivered by using Socrative. At the end of the course, this study investigated learner acceptance and perceived risk of cheating using a set of survey constructed based on Davis (1989) and collected the data of vocabulary learning outcomes and proficiency levels. The data were, then, analysed by using independent t-test, correlation, and multiple regression analyses. The results indicated Thai EFL learner acceptance of Socrative with the risk of cheating during vocabulary tests. Learner acceptance was influenced by proficiency level and predicted a small amount of learning outcomes. These results have some implications for instructional course designs adopting online quizzes for testing. is effective for vocabulary tests.", "Socrative is useful for vocabulary tests.", "Socrative enhances my experience in vocabulary tests.", and "Socrative should be used for vocabulary tests in all courses." The responses range from 1 to 5, where "1" = "Strongly disagree" and "5" = "Strongly agree". The Cronbach's alpha is .915, which shows very high internal consistency ( Mean = 3.04).


Contraception is an attempt to space pregnancies or plan the number and spacing of pregnancies using contraceptive methods. Implant is a contraceptive device in the form of a small capsule containing the hormone lovonorgestril which is placed under the skin of the inner upper arm. The formulation of the problem in this study was to determine the relationship between Fear of Side Effects, Access to Service Facilities, and Husband's Support with the use of Implant Contraception at the Simpang Rambutan Health Center, Banyuasin Regency in 2021. The research design that will be used in this study is descriptive analytic with a cross sectional approach. The research was carried out in the work area of the Simpang Rambutan Health Center in July-August 2021 with a sample of 32 respondents. The analysis used is the che square test. Univariate analysis results show that of the 33 respondents most of the respondents did not use implant contraceptives, which amounted to 19 respondents (59.4%) and 13 respondents (40.6%). The results of the chi-square statistical test obtained value = 0.011 for the variable fear of side effects, p value = 0.000 for access to health services, p value = 0.002 for husband's support. shows that there is a significant relationship between fear of side effects, husband's support and access to health services with the use of implant contraceptives at the Simpang Rambutan Health Center, Banyuasin Regency in 2021. The suggestions in this study are that it can be used as study material for the puskesmas in order to increase the coverage of implant contraceptive participants. especially in the work area of the Simpang Rambutan Health Center, Banyuasin Regency.

Keywords         : Implant Contraception, Access to Health Services, Husband's Support.


In the threatening winter of 1861, as the United States was being ~ inched evercloser td the outbreak of civil war by the secession of the Southern states over the issue of black slavery, the newly elected president, Abraham Lincoln, opened up a confidential correspondence with a f6rmer Southern political colleague, Alexander Stephens of Georgia. Stephens had made headlines in November 1860, in a speech to the Georgia legislature, urging Georgia not to follow tlie South into secession. Lincoln sent him a friendly note, askingfor a printed copy of the speech-and perhaps warming Stephens to an invitation to come into Lincoln's cabinet as a gesture of mollification toward the South. Stephens wrote back, apologizing that the speech was not yet in print (apart from the newspaper reports of it that Lincoln had read), but taking the opportunity to urge Lincoln to make some kind of conciliatory promise to the South about staying within the bounds of the Constitution, as president, and not threatening to take federal action against slavery in the South, where slavery had enjoyed a kind of constitutional immunity since the beginnings of the Republic. This, Stephens believed, would deflate the secession fire-eaters better than any cabinet offer, adding (with a phrase borrowed from the Book of Proverbs), "A word fitly spoken by you now would be like 'apple of gold in a picture of silver.'" [excerpt]


This report investigated the colloid-chemical properties of solutions of micelle-forming salts of carboxylic acids in nonpolar solvents and their ability to lower hydrodynamics resistance. The substances investigated were disubstituted aluminum palmitate (C/sub 15/H/sub 31/COO)/sub 2/AlOH.C/sub 15/H/sub 31/COOH of ''pure'' grade, and calcium oleate (C/sub 17/H/sub 33/COO)/sub 2/Ca. The CMC/sub II/ of surfactants is a physiochemical parameter characterizing the ability of surfactants to lower the hydrodynamic resistance of nonpolar liquids. And, the CMC/sub II/ of surfactants in nonpolar media is influenced by their structure, the nature of the solvent, and the structure of various compounds added to them.


Background and Aim Occult HCV infection (OCI) is characterized by the presence of HCV- RNA in liver or in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in the absence of serological markers. Infection with HCV is and independent risk factor for graft loss and is associated with proteinuria, chronic rejection, transplant glomerulopathy, posttransplant diabetes and HCV- associated glomerulopathies. However, the prevalence and relationship between kidney outcome and OCI are unknown. The aim of the study is to know the prevalence of OCI in recipients of kidney transplantation and investigate possible clinical implications of OCI in a population of kidney transplantation recipients. Patients and Methods We randomized tested 133 anti HCV and serum HCV- RNA negative adult patients for the presence of OCI. All patients have al least one year of outcome from ingraft. HCV- RNA was tested by real-time RT- PCR in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and in 2 ml of plasma after ultracentrifugation. Results Occult HCV infection was positive in 20 patients (15%). Blood transfusions before kidney transplant was more frequent in patients with OCI (p<0.05). One year after ingraft, renal function and proteinuria were similar for both groups (plasma creatinine level 1.58 ± 0,48 mg/dL, 0.40 ± 0.62 gr/d, in the OCI positive group and 1,48 ± 0,88 mg/dL and proteinuria 0.30 ± 0.30 gr/d in the OCI negative group; p=0.42 and p=0.5). At the end of the follow-up, renal function tended to decline faster in the OCI positive group (plasma creatinine level 1.95 ± 1.08) and to have more proteinuria (0.86 ± 1.14) than in the OCI negative group (plasma creatinine level 1.78 ± 0.83, and proteinuria 0.63 ±1.41), although it was not statistical significant (p= 0.072, p=0.429). Conclusions The prevalence of OCI in recipients of kidney transplantation in our group is 15%, higher than in the general population. Blood transfusion before kidney transplant could be a risk factor for OCI. The presence of OCI could play a negative role in the outcome of kidney transplants, but more patients and longer follow up, are probably need, to make definitive conclusions. Fundacion Mutua Madrileña.


Purpose of reviewOver the past 2 decades, there has been a marked improvement in survival among patients with juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus. As a result of the increased life expectancy, children and adolescents with systemic lupus erythematosus are now faced with considerable morbidity resulting from sequelae of disease activity, side effects of medications, and comorbid conditions. This morbidity affects physical and psychosocial well-being. Therefore, the need is increasing for monitoring the development of irreversible organ damage and the effect of the disease and its treatment on daily life. This review summarizes the recent advances in the investigation on survival, accumulated damage, and health-related quality of life in patients with juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus. Recent findingsThe 5-year survival rate of patients with juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus approaches 100%, and the 10-year survival rate is close to 90%. The development of cumulative organ damage has been observed in 50-60% of patients. Children and adolescents with systemic lupus erythematosus have been found to have poorer health-related quality of life, particularly in the physical domain, and lower socioeconomic achievements than their healthy peers. SummaryThe prolongation of the life span of patients with juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus has been accompanied by a substantial risk of damage accumulation and has not been paralleled by an improvement in health-related quality of life. This problem highlights the need of measuring cumulative organ damage and health-related quality of life in the long-term follow-up of patients with juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus and of designing new treatments and treatment strategies that are aimed not only at improving control of disease activity but also at minimizing the development of nonreversible damage.


There's nothing like a large numeric target to motivate ministers and their civil servants and the idea of three million apprenticeships is just that. It is an audacious goal for England. If it motivates all those involved – employers, colleges, training providers, curriculum designers, teachers, coaches, mentors and apprentices – really to understand what an outstanding apprenticeship experience is, then the target will have served its purpose. In this chapter Bill Lucas explores the improvements to vocational pedagogy which will be necessary if the UK's emphasis is to be more than work-based learning flag-waving which ends up damaging the brand of apprenticeships.


Abstract:This paper explores how one text—the speech of Anchises from Vergil's Aeneid 6—was of great use for two Christian apologists: Minucius Felix and Lactantius. Both authors used Vergil's text to make important arguments regarding monotheism. The problem, however, is that the speech of Anchises not only refers to divine immanence, but Stoic pantheism. This latter idea would be seemingly problematic for Christians to espouse given that their sacred text makes a clear distinction between creator and creation. To deal with this particular difficulty, both Minucius Felix and Lactantius appeal to the doctrine of the powers to explain how God can be both transcendent and immanent. Minucius Felix and Lactantius employ the Mantuan poet not merely for rhetorical flourish, nor to display their erudition, but rather to make important apologetic points. In so doing, the Latin authors under discussion answer, in various ways, the difficult question of how much is too much reliance upon pagan literature and learning. What is at stake is a subject no less important than their own cultural identity.


In pancreatic β cells, muscarinic cholinergic receptor M3 (M3R) stimulates glucose‐induced secretion of insulin. Regulator of G‐protein signaling (RGS) proteins are critical modulators of GPCR activity, yet their role in β cells remains largely unknown. R7 subfamily RGS proteins are stabilized by the G‐protein subunit Gβ5, such that the knockout of the Gnb5 gene results in degradation of all R7 subunits. We found that Gnb5 knockout in mice or in the insulin‐secreting MIN6 cell line almost completely eliminates insulinotropic activity of M3R. Moreover, over‐expression of Gβ5‐RGS7 strongly promotes M3R‐stimulated insulin secretion. Examination of this noncanonical mechanism in Gnb5−/− MIN6 cells showed that cAMP, diacylglycerol, or Ca2+ levels were not significantly affected. There was no reduction in the amplitude of free Ca2+ responses in islets from the Gnb5−/− mice, but the frequency of Ca2+ oscillations induced by cholinergic agonist was lowered by more than 30%. Ablation of Gnb5 impaired M3R‐stimulated phosphorylation of ERK1/2. Stimulation of the ERK pathway in Gnb5−/− cells by epidermal growth factor restored M3R‐stimulated insulin release to near normal levels. Identification of the novel role of Gβ5‐R7 in insulin secretion may lead to a new therapeutic approach for improving pancreatic β‐cell function.—Wang, Q., Pronin, A. N., Levay, K., Almaca, J., Fornoni, A., Caicedo, A., Slepak, V. Z. Regulator of G‐protein signaling Gβ5‐R7 is a crucial activator of muscarinic M3 receptor‐stimulated insulin secretion. FASEB J. 31, 4734–4744 (2017). www.fasebj.org


We give a strong-coupling real-frequency-axis formulation of the phonon-self-energy change on entering the superconducting state for a [ital d]-wave superconductor. The effect of impurity scattering in the Born (weak scattering) and unitary ([ital T]-matrix approach) limits is considered and numerical results presented for phonon shifts and changes in width.


Procrastinate (Chomsky 1993) favors covert movement; therefore, when movement is overt, it must have been forced to operate early by some special requirement, one that Chomsky codes into strong features. I compare Chomsky's three successive theories of strong features and argue that two ellipsis phenomena, pseudogapping and sluicing, provide evidence bearing on the nature of strong features. I argue that movement or ellipsis can rescue a derivation with a strong feature, and I conclude that PF crash is relevant either directly, as in Chomsky 1993, or indirectly, as in the theory presented in Chomsky 1995a augmented by the multiple-chain theory of pied-piping (especially as interpreted by Ochi (1998)).


VAR Model is used to analyze the dynamic influence of investment,consumption,import and export on China's gross domestic production from the angle of demand.The results show that both final consumption and capital formation are the Granger reason to determine China's economic growth,that investment has long-term negative elastic effect,that the export had positive output elasticity in the former four years but has negative elasticity in the latter five years and that import has negative elasticity all the time.As a result,in order to ensure rapidly stable economic growth of China,China should stick to high-level investment and consumption-driving development direction,improve self-innovation ability and improve import and export products structure.


An abstract of a thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Graduate Medical Abstract Purpose: Deep learning has been widely applied in traditional medical imaging tasks like segmentation and registration. Some fundamental convolution neural network (CNN) based deep learning methods have shown great potential in low dose CT (LDCT) enhancement. This study applied U-Net++ model to enhance CT images with low dose and compared the performance of U-net++ and U-net quantitatively and qualitatively. Method: 30 patient CT images were chosen as the ground truth in the training process. Under-sampled projections were simulated from the ground truth volumes with a uniform distribution. LDCT was then reconstructed from the under-sampled projections using the ASD-POCS TV algorithm with 40 iterations and was treated as the input of the models. The U-net++ model was improved based on U-net model by connecting the decoders, reserving better dense feature along skip connections. Deep supervision (DS) was used to make a combined loss between each upper node and the ground truth to enhance the image feature preserving capacity. U-net was used as standard model for comparison. L1 loss and structure The generated images were quantitatively using SSIM and peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR). original under-sampled LDCT with SSIM of 0.532 and PSNR of 16.7. U-net model trained using L1 loss had the best average SSIM of 0.756 and the average PSNR of 17.5. Conclusion: Deep learning method showed its potential dealing with the high dose caused by modern CT technique. Different CNN models could influence the quality of the generated image on different evaluation criterions.


Fatty liver disease is prevalent in populations with high caloric intake. Nutritherapeutic approaches are being considered, such as supplementary Vitamin D3, to improve aspects of metabolic syndrome, namely fatty liver disease, hyperlipidemia, and insulin resistance associated with obesity.


This cross-sectional study tested the idea that personality is indirectly related to outgroup prejudice through religiosity and through outgroup contact. A total of 2,756 White adolescents from Northern England completed a questionnaire that included measures of outgroup prejudice, extraversion, tough-mindedness, religiosity and outgroup contact. Correlation and path analysis indicated that extraversion had no direct effect on outgroup prejudice, but was associated with greater outgroup contact, which in turn was associated with lower prejudice. Psychoticism was associated directly with higher levels of prejudice, and indirectly via religiosity because high psychoticism was associated with low religiosity, and low religiosity was associated with high prejudice. There was no direct relationship between age and prejudice but a decline in religiosity between early and midadolescence was associated with an increase in prejudice. Implications of the findings for the study of prejudice in adolescents and adults are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved


In the paper the power quality analysis is presented. Analysis is carried out based on the results obtained from measurements in one electrical drive in Cement Industry Lafarge, Beocin. Results of analysis are used for solving the problem during the start of drive when very high currents are detected.


Welcome to the second part of the IEEE JSAC special issue on Caching for Communication Systems and Networks. The goal of this special issue is to present the multiple facets of caching, from information theory to networking and services, and explore the role of memory in communications. This is a very timely topic due to recent technological and theoretical advances summarized in the tutorial paper that appears in the first part of the issue [1] .


Various bearings are commonly used in rotating machines. The noise and vibration signals that can be obtained from the machines often convey the information of faults and these locations. Monitoring conditions for bearings have received considerable attention for many years, because the majority of problems in rotating machines are caused by faulty bearings. Thus failure alarm for the bearing system is often based on the detection of the onset of localized faults. Many methods are available for detecting faults in the bearing system. The majority of these methods assume that faults in bearings produce impulses. Impulse events can be attributed to bearing faults in the system. McFadden and Smith [1] used the bandpass filter to filter the noise signal and then obtained the envelope by using the envelope detector. D. Ho and R. B Randall [2] also tried envelope spectrum to detect faults in the bearing system, but it is very difficult to find resonant frequency in the noisy environments. S. -K. Lee and P. R. White [3] used improved ANC (adaptive noise cancellation) to find faults. The basic idea of this technique is to remove the noise from the measured vibration signal, but they are not able to show the theoretical foundation of the proposed algorithms. Y.-H. Kim et al. used a moving window [4-5]. This algorithm is quite powerful in the early detection of faults in a ball bearing system, but it is difficult to decide initial time and step size of the moving window. The early fault signal that is caused by microscopic cracks is commonly embedded in noise. Therefore, the success of detecting fault signal is completely determined by a method's ability to distinguish signal and noise. In 1969, Capon[6] coined maximum likelihood (ML) spectra which estimate a mixed spectrum consisting of line spectrum, corresponding to a deterministic random process, plus arbitrary unknown continuous spectrum. The unique feature of these spectra is that it can detect sinusoidal signal from noise . Our idea essentially comes from this method. In this paper, a technique, which can detect impulse embedded in noise, is introduced. The theory of this technique is derived and the improved ability to detect the faults in a ball bearing system is demonstrated theoretically as well as experimentally. 2. BASIC THEORY OF MINIMUM VARIANCE CEPSTRUM


The possibility of applying headspace microextraction into a single drop for the determination of alcohols in aqueous solutions is demonstrated. A drop of ethylene glycol containing butan-2-one as an internal standard is used for extraction. The analytes are extracted by suspending a 1 μl extracting drop directly from the tip of a microsyringe fixed above an extraction vial with a septum such that the needle passes through the septum and the needle tip appears above the surface of the solution. After the extraction is finished the drop is retracted back into the needle and injected directly into a GC column. Optimization of experimental conditions (sampling time, sampling temperature, stirring rate and ionic strength of the solution) with respect to the extraction efficiency were investigated and the linear range and the precision were examined. This headspace single drop microextraction method was applied to the analysis of beer.


In this research, the intensity of solar energy, which was injected to the different angle plane every hour day by day, was technically documented and quantitatively analyzed through actual observations. In order to group every days into days with similar intensity, graph was drawn with respect to time for every day and each area value under the curve was calculated. Then, the search for grouped days having similar intensity curve patterns was carried out and the optimum incident angle of absorber plate was derived to maximize the efficiency of solar energy systems.


This paper presents several issues related to pricing in construction. First, problems with current pricing strategy in construction are explored. Second, pricing strategies based on a market-based approach are proposed. Third, survey findings of the top 400 US contractors are presented regarding their current pricing practices and the applicability of the proposed pricing strategies. In conclusion, the belief that current pricing strategy in construction is predominantly cost-based is confirmed by the survey findings; indeed, in setting the markup, most contractors rely on their intuition after subjectively assessing the competition. The three internal pricing variables that have the largest statistically significant contingency coefficients with pricing strategy are 'marketing intelligence capabilities', 'annual contract value', and 'the type of client in most projects'. 'Owner's characteristics', 'competitors'characteristics', and 'market demand' are statistically significant external variables in making pricing strategy decisions. A change of bidding procedure is proposed so that all parties in construction can maximize the benefits of market-based pricing strategies.


Background: Solitary trichoepithelioma is a rare benign tumor of hair follicle origin. Although trichoepithelioma has a predilection for the face and neck, it is not usually found on the eyelids. It has similar clinicopathological features to basal cell carcinoma. Surgical excision and histopathologic analysis is helpful for correct diagnosis. Case Report: A 59-year-old Caucasian female presented with a raised, reddish oval mass on the right lower eyelid. The mass had telangiectatic blood vessels on its surface, was non-pigmented and slightly umbilicated. It was in close approximation of the eyelid margin causing distortion and poor apposition of the lid to the globe. The mass was completely removed under local anesthesia using the tissue-sparing surgical technique known as shave biopsy. Histopathologic analysis confirmed the mass to be a trichoepithelioma. Conclusion: Optometrists should be able to differentiate benign trichoepithelioma from basal cell carcinoma.


PURPOSE: A composition for the cutting and abrasive treatment of metals and ceramic materials comprising a hydrofluoroether are provided. CONSTITUTION: A method of cutting on abrasively treating a metal or ceramic workpiece comprises of applying to the workpiece a composition comprising a hydrofluoroether and cutting or abrasively treating the workpiece, wherein the workpiece is left without residue of the composition following the treatment.