This study was designed to increase the knowledge about the dermo-epidermal junction in the bovine claw and to establish the morphological background for the increasing activities in fundamental research namely molecular biology focusing on this part of the claw. The study was performed on dermo-epidermal tissue samples which were obtained from the lateral claws of the hindlimbs of fifteen cows. The morphological examination combined light and transmission electron microscopy including immunohistochemistry as well as cell maceration in combination with scanning electron microscopy. The results provide a detailed description of the structure of the dermo-epidermal junction focusing on ultrastructural aspects and the spatial relationship between dermal and epidermal elements. Dermal papillae and laminae provide the basis for the dermo-epidermal interaction. Their surface is increased by microfoldes which interdigitate with long basal processes of the basal epidermal cells. All ultrastructural elements of the basement membrane that have been described for skin were demonstrated. The basal lamina showed a strong positive reaction for laminin. The three-dimensional interaction of dermal and epidermal formations is different from skin reflecting a perfect adaptation to the three major functions of this region: mechanical junction, nutritional supply of the living epidermis and exchange of signals between dermis and epidermis. The morphological findings are discussed in relation to their biological role in the bovine claw and regarding their significance for the pathogenesis of claw diseases.


The turbulent pulsating flow and heat transfer in an internally longitudinal protuberant finned tube was numerically investigated by solving unsteady three-dimensional elliptical Navier–Stokes equations. The realized k–ϵ turbulent model was adopted. The dynamic behaviors of velocity field, average Nusselt number, and friction number of the internally longitudinal protuberant finned tube were numerically analyzed in a pulsating period, and it was further investigated by changing the frequency of the pulsating flow. It was found that the intensity of heat transfer enhancement increases with an increase of pulsating frequency, while the pressure drop will be increased simultaneously, the intensification of heat transfer in internally longitudinal protuberant finned tubes are gradually better than the pressure drop with an increase of pulsating frequency. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20253


CFD technology have a lot of advantages,such as,powerful function,sophisticated algorithms,and reliable results.CFD technology will become the newest research method to come true the double target for Energy Saving as well as Emission Reducing for pulverized Coal-fired Boiler.In the face of the new policy of Energy Saving and Emission Reducing at present,it is necessary choice to apply CFD technology to realize these research and innovation for the technology of Energy Saving,the technology of Emission Reducing,the Technologies for Flue Gas Combined Control of SO_x and NO_x as well as mercury and arsenic,the technology of Energy saving and emission reducing for ultra-supercritical boiler.Then,mathimatic model conbined energy saving and Emission Reducing should be established,the rational conditions of CAT and the numerical methods should be designed.


The book argues that there is in the US, Canada and UK, a general right to conscientious exemption available to a person who objects to any legal obligation whatsoever on the basis of a religious or non-religious conscientious belief. The book provides a liberal defence of this right and argues that it should be considered a defining feature of a liberal democracy. A general right to conscientious exemption is a legal right to conscientiously object to any obligation imposed by law and to receive from a court an exemption from complying with such obligation. The general right defended in the book is not an absolute right. A court may refuse to grant an exemption if doing so would disproportionately impact the rights of others or the public interest. The book suggests how the general right should be balanced against important rights, such as non-discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation.


Hardware-in-the-loop simulation testing (HILST) is becoming an important technique of electronic engine control system design. With xPC target toolbox in MATLAB, a PC-based HILST platform was developed to meet the design requirement of electronic control injection system of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) engine. A nonlinear, real-time LPG engine model is constructed in MATLAB/SIMULINK. Modularized and open system structure can make the HILST platform apply to the whole design process of electronic LPG injection controller. Application facts prove that the HILST platform has good flexibility and expansibility. By using the HILST platform, the cost and period of development are largely decreased, and the LPG engine injection controller gained excellent reliability and durability.


The effects of post cure temperature and time on the basic properties and compression set of chlorohydrin rubber(CO)were studied in this paper.The results showed that the tensile strength,the tensile modulus and the shore A hardness of CO all increased by raising of the temperature and prolonging the time,while the tear strength,the tensibility,the tensile set at break and the compression set of CO all decreased,and the hardness,the tensile strength,the tensibility,the compression set all tended to the balance.The good cure condition was 150℃~160℃×3~4h.


The current focus upon reproductive health in India marks a global recognition that reproductive health needs have been largely neglected and that the consequences of that neglect have been profound especially for women. It also marks the recognition of the need to reorient Indias traditional population program to go beyond demographic targets contraceptive prevalence and female sterilization to a more comprehensive focus upon reproductive health needs and services especially those which respond to reproductive health needs in ways which are sensitive to the sociocultural constraints woman and adolescent females encounter in obtaining services and expressing health needs. The author defines the main components of reproductive health describes what is known about the reproductive health situation in India and highlights critical data needs. There are considerable reproductive health data needs in India. Although National Family Health Survey (NFHS) data provide insight into many aspects of the reproductive health situation in the country and deserve more thorough analysis major gaps still exist. The absence of both qualitative and quantitative data on all aspects of the reproductive health situation in India remains an important obstacle in convincing policymakers of the need to more broadly orient current family welfare programs.


Taking the road of industrialized development is one of the obvious tendencies for Chinese cuisine to meet the food and beverage market competitions after the entry into WTO. The characteristics of Chinese cuisine decide that this tendency has its own distinctive features. The culinary concept needs first to be revolutionized, and consequently, the cooking methods and productive technology should also be optimized in accordance with the characteristics of industrial economy. The achievement of maximum market efficiency, the productive industrialization, the diversified culinary culture and others, all the basic features of industrialization, undoubtedly will promote the favorable development of Chinese cuisine industry.


In this study, we applied the EMEP/MSC-W model at a high spatial resolution of 4 km × 4 km over Poland (EMEP4PL), and ran the model for the whole of the years 2015 and 2030. For the second simulation we used GAINS PRIMES emission projection and kept the meteorology from 2015. Although the model results are satisfactory and comparable to the results in other European countries, the number of days with exceedances of the limit value is highly underestimated in comparison to observations for 2015. It shows that the model is limited in its simulation of very high particulate matter concentrations in the winter season. Therefore, we applied a bias correction for the year 2030 based on the observations and model results for the year 2015. Bias corrected simulation shows that at 60 stations (out of 104), the PM10 daily limit value will be exceeded at least 35 times in 2030.


X-ray observations of galaxy clusters have been interpreted as revealing massive cooling flows in many of them. Whatever the final sink (stars, planets, etc.), the cooling gas is bound to pass through a molecular phase. We have used the IRAM 30 m millimeter-wave telescope to observe eight cluster dominant galaxies with high reported gas inflow rates in the 12 CO (1-O) and 12 CO (2-1) lines. Despite low noise levels, none of the galaxies were detected in either line with 1 σ limits to M(H 2 ) ranging between 4 10 7 and 1.3 10 9 M ○. . These values are two orders of magnitude below values expected from the reported accretion rates (often M≥100 M ○. yr −1 ) and the measured star-formation time in spirals and ellipticals (τ SF ∼1 Gyr)


The invention relates to a multiple microbial straw composite full-effect granulated feed. The preparation method comprises that: straws of crops taken as main raw materials and natural animal and plant materials taken as auxiliary raw materials are subjected to fermentation, inoculation and implantation by microorganism active bacterial colonies, and animal satiation feeling and all-wave nutritional requirements are considered to research and develop the full-effect granulated feed. The nominal microorganism active bacterial colonies in the fermentation process can effectively enzymolyze and convert nutrient components of the main and auxiliary raw materials, and fully promote absorption of nutrient in intestines and stomachs of animals to accelerate growth of the animals. Proper microorganism beneficial bacteria in the animals can effectively strengthen autoimmunity of the animals and reduce usage of antibiotics and medical residue in the feeding process. The feed has low production cost, is nutritional and full-effect (does not need using any conventional grain feed auxiliarily), does not contain any chemical harmful agent, obviously improves the feeding effect by more than 30 percent, and accords with the conception of national 'Circular Economy Promotion Law'.


This mechanical device was designed more especially for making a safe, permanent and bloodless division of annular, semiannular and other rectal strictures and obstructions located in the middle and upper portion of the rectum. These pathologic conditions are usually built on the semilunar, rectal, or Houston's valves, and are frequently a prime factor in the etiology of chronic constipation, obstipation, intestinal obstruction, mucous discharges, etc. It may also be used for the removal of neoplasms, prolapse, etc. Fig. 1 is a valve forceps; Fig. 2, I have designated as the clip introducer. Each is 25 cm. long; H is a reversible handle controlled by the set-screw, S; T is a thumb-rest connected by the slide-bar B, for opening and closing the beak F of the forceps; O is a ring connected by the slide-bar B for opening and closing the beak M of the clip introducer. Fig. 3 is a


There is one test for each year-group, 7+ to 12+ covering number, measures, shape and pictorial representation. The main purpose is to 'give practical help to the class teacher in assessing the strengths and weaknesses of pupils; remedial action can then be taken, and possibly the course modified'. Teachers 'are encouraged to modify all aspects of the tests to suit their own needs'. These good intentions are most praiseworthy, but how will things work out? Will the teachers really 'modify all aspects'? Or will they simply categorise the children for end-of-term reports? ('In response to teacher demand, the total scores are allocated to five grades ... '). Will the tests fall into the hands of head-teachers and authorities and be used for odious comparisons? It is rather sinister that 'all necessary statistical safeguards have been applied in the design and trialling of the tests'. There is a danger that these tests will end up as rivals to the NFER ones and bring discomfort rather than 'practical help' to the teachers. Or will readers look ahead and note that 'since the scores are not standardised there are dangers in comparing the average mark of a class with that from the trials'? One can only hope so. The teacher's manual contains 'scope and sequence' charts for each level. These are admirable as a guide, though there are bound to be subjective decisions (for example conservation of number is placed at Level One but one-to-one correspondence at Level 2). Will it be plain to the teachers that the syllabus thus presented is at least partly tentative and subjective and not (in spite of warnings) something to be got through? There is a good list of'some useful books' though the author appears unaware of the work of CSMS (as reported in Children's Understanding of Mathematics, 11-16, by K. Hart). Also, especially as some of the trials were carried out in London, a reference to the excellent ILEA check-points assessment cards would have been at least a happy gesture. Incidentally these give far more guidance for dealing with those children who need further help than the tests under review. These tests could be a lot worse. Use of the group record sheets could pin-point group weaknesses at a glance and give an idea of what needed to be done or reinforced. (It is well to remember that every time we test children we are also to some extent testing ourselves.) Just why individuals made various errors would, of course, need far deeper investigation. By and large, these tests are a brave entry into a dangerous minefield. They just could do more good than harm, certainly if left in the hands of a discriminating teacher.


The evaluation of mineral resources development efficiency is a typical multicriteria decision-making issue. Meanwhile, due to the limited existing technology, there might be subjectivity, ambiguity, and inaccuracy of the measurement of the evaluation index of mineral resources development efficiency. In this paper, we, considering the incomplete information, use the hesitant fuzzy linguistic approach to describe the psychological hesitation and ambiguity of the decision-maker in the actual evaluation process and then construct the general model of the development efficiency evaluation of the mineral resources by using the hesitant fuzzy linguistic terms sets and modified TODIM. Finally, this paper takes the Panxi area as an example to study the development efficiency of vanadium-titanium magnetite. The results show that the hesitant fuzzy linguistic multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) approach can be implemented to mineral resources evaluation and resources management.


The article presents the results of large-scale laboratory tests carried out in the conditions of the Chemical and Metallurgical Institute named after V.I. Zh. Abishev on the use of briquetted mono-charge in the smelting of carbon ferrochrome on a 250 kVA furnace. The purpose of these studies was to determine the technological parameters of the use of briquetted mono-charge containing in its composition chrome ore, wastes from the production of high-carbon ferrochrome, middlings and various carbonaceous reducing agents. The main idea of using these briquettes was to multiply the contact surface of the reductant and ore, which should speed up the technological process. The principal possibility of smelting a standard alloy using briquetted mono-charge is shown. The alloy for individual charge options meets the requirements of the standards. In comparison with the technology without the use of briquettes, the mono-charge technology has shown advantages in all main parameters. The technology with the use of briquettes from the dust of the AktZF gas cleaning system is distinguished by a low yield of non-standard metal and slag, the bulk of the material goes into the gas collection system. Technologies from briquettes from fines pellet production area of Donskoy ore mining and processing plant and flash have very low specific technical and economic indicators and cannot be recommended for industrial use. Improvement of briquetting modes and technology of their smelting is required. The technical and economic indicators were higher than the current one, showed briquettes from ore and coke of the People's Republic of China, briquettes of ore from borlin and shubarkol coals of Kazakhstan.


Background: The metabolic effects of omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) remain contentious, and little evidence is available regarding their potential role in primary prevention of type 2 diabetes. We aimed to assess the associations of linoleic acid and arachidonic acid biomarkers with incident type 2 diabetes. Methods: We did a pooled analysis of new, harmonised, individual-level analyses for the biomarkers linoleic acid and its metabolite arachidonic acid and incident type 2 diabetes. We analysed data from 20 prospective cohort studies from ten countries (Iceland, the Netherlands, the USA, Taiwan, the UK, Germany, Finland, Australia, Sweden, and France), with biomarkers sampled between 1970 and 2010. Participants included in the analyses were aged 18 years or older and had data available for linoleic acid and arachidonic acid biomarkers at baseline. We excluded participants with type 2 diabetes at baseline. The main outcome was the association between omega-6 PUFA biomarkers and incident type 2 diabetes. We assessed the relative risk of type 2 diabetes prospectively for each cohort and lipid compartment separately using a prespecified analytic plan for exposures, covariates, effect modifiers, and analysis, and the findings were then pooled using inverse-variance weighted meta-analysis. Findings: Participants were 39 740 adults, aged (range of cohort means) 49-76 years with a BMI (range of cohort means) of 23·3-28·4 kg/m(2), who did not have type 2 diabetes at baseline. During a follow-up of 366 073 person-years, we identified 4347 cases of incident type 2 diabetes. In multivariable-adjusted pooled analyses, higher proportions of linoleic acid biomarkers as percentages of total fatty acid were associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes overall (risk ratio [RR] per interquintile range 0·65, 95% CI 0·60-0·72, p


Studies concluded in the framework of previous European Consortia of Earthquake Shaking Tables have compared the performances of the main European shaking tables (NTUA – Athens, Greece, EERC – Bristol, U.K., LNEC – Lisbon, Portugal, CEA – Saclay, France and Enel.Hydro, Seriate, Italy). This activity has induced an enhanced control at all the facilities and has highlighted the need to carry out further benchmark tests with extension to non-linear behaviour. In the meantime the new consortium ECOLEADER (European Consortium of Laboratories for Earthquake and Dynamic Experimental Research) was created and included the new reaction wall facility constructed at Ispra, Italy. Consequently this new benchmark activity was also extended to a parallel comparison between pseudo-dynamic testing on reaction walls and dynamic testing on shaking tables. Identical modular steel frames were built according to the capabilities of two different shaking tables (LNEC, Lisbon and NTUA, Athens) and to the necessary large scale for testing on the reaction wall at the JRC Ispra. Furthermore, two new partners showed their interest to be involved in this testing campaign and so the University of Trento (where a large reaction wall is recently available) and the University of Oxford (specialized in high speed on-line testing with substructuring) are also participating in this project. The 1-DoF steel specimen (3m long and high and 2.7m wide), easily transportable from lab to lab, was conceived at the University of Trento. It was designed to allow the insertion of two types of dissipation devices: one specially developed to insert a strong local non-linearity and another to insert a strain-rate sensitive effect. An 8250 Kg reinforced concrete mass is mounted on the top of the frame. In the present paper the design of the steel specimen and of the dissipative devices are discussed. The instrumentation plan and the test procedure are described. Finally, a critical analysis of the first results obtained and a performance comparison between pseudo-dynamic and dynamic facilities is presented. This action is part of the NEFOREEE project (New Fields of Research in Earthquake Engineering Experimentation), funded by the European Commission.


Abstract A Monte Carlo evaluation of 4 test statistics for comparing dependent zero-order correlations was conducted. In particular, the power and Type I error rates of Hotelling's t; Williams' t; Olkin's z; and Meng, Rosenthal, and Rubin's Z were evaluated for sample sizes of 20, 50, 100, and 300 under 3 different population distributions (normal, uniform, and exponential). For the power analyses, 3 different magnitudes of discrepancy or effect sizes between ρy, x1 , and ρy, x2 were examined (values of .1, .3, and .6). Likewise, for the Type I error rate analyses, 3 different magnitudes of the predictor-criterion correlations were evaluated (ρy, x1 = ρy, x2 = .1, .4, and .7). All of the analyses were conducted at 3 different levels of predictor intercorrelation (ρx1, x2 = .1, .3, and .6). The results indicated that the choice as to which test statistic is optimal, in terms of power and Type I error rate, depends not only on sample size and population distribution but also on (a) the predictor intercorrel...


Nutrition components in dried malt root of barley(cv.Ganpi No.3) were analyzed by the methods of the Chinese National Standard.The results showed that the content of protein,fat and fiber was 30.18 %,1.57 % and 11.84 %.The roots had richer of K,Ca,Fe,Zn,Mg,and were 1 813.0,240.0,38.3,8.9 and 720.0 mg/100 g,respectively.The total amino acid was 8.69 %,eight kinds essential amino acid made up of 3.29 % of total amino acids,and Leu and Phe showed higher.The roots also riched in VB.


A summary of efforts to examine coatings and cladding materials for high-strength austenitic steels is provided. Chromized coatings on 17--14CuMo stainless steel and a modified type 316 (HT-UPS) stainless steel were investigated. Claddings included alloy 671, 690, and an iron-aluminide intermetallic alloy. Structural alloys that were clad included type 304 stainless steel, modified type 316 stainless steel, and modified alloy 800H. The capability of producing co-extruded tubing of the experimental alloys was demonstrated.


The article discusses the methods of maintenance and technical diagnostics of large vertical pumping units of modernized pumping stations of the largest cascades of the Amu-Bukhara and Karshi channels to ensure reliability during their operation, assesses the qualitative and quantitative changes in their modes. The operation of large pumping stations poses a number of problems that cannot be solved without experimental studies. The aim of the research is the problem of comprehensive diagnostics of pumping units and the development of new export-oriented diagnostic devices. The use of new designs of pumping power and diagnostic equipment involves the use of mathematical modeling of control of the operating modes of machine channels, which gives significant savings. Methods of accounting for cavitation – hydroabrasive wear of the blades are based on the study of the movement of the hydroabrasive flow along the radius of the impeller. Recommended elimination of pump operating modes with a maximum wear rate of their parts.


This paper presents matlab simulation of perturb and observe (P&O) and Incremental Conductance maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method for solar photovoltaic system. The photovoltaic (PV) system is one of necessary renewable energy in recent year to overcome the energy demand and reduce environment problems. The PV system generate curved photovoltaic current and photovoltaic power characteristics. The maximum power point is varying with irradiance and temperature, so for tracking the maximum power MPPT is required. The MPPT is an automatic control algorithm which track power, during changing in light level, shading, and change in temperature. The reason of MPPT is to retain operating point around the maximum power point (MPP). Hence it is essential component to calculate the design performance for a PV system. Matlab simulation results are carried out for both method at different solar irradiance.


A large sample ofadult male Carcinus maenas was 79% right-handed and 21% left-handed. A separate sample of 207 intact adult males was divided into left-handed and right-handed crabs and four measurements were taken from all major and minor chelae. Correlation and regression analyses against carapace width on log-transformed data showed that major chelae of right-handed crabs grow proportionately higher with increasing size and the ideal mechanical advantage increases; concurrently, the fingers of the minor chelae grow proportionately longer. The data for left-handed crabs showed greater variability, especially for minor chelae, providing evidence for the concept that left-handedness arises by reversal of handedness following loss of the major chela from the right-hand side. Records of handedness in large samples of non-ocypodid heterochelous brachyuran crabs show a preponderance of right-handedness.


The article presents the results of the survey conducted among the Ukraine-based companies in 2020 as of their awareness and attitudes to the dual studies (DS) and openness to cooperation with higher educational establishments. After six years of activities aimed at establishing grounds for the adaptation of the German dual studies models conducted by the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung Office in Ukraine (FES-Ukraine) and its partners, including the Ukrainian Marketing Association (UMA), the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine (MES) launched a pilot project on dual studies introduction in 2019 (MES Order #1296). The first year of the experiment covered partnerships of 44 pre-tertiary and tertiary educational establishments with around 100 Ukraine-based companies. In 2020 FES-Ukraine and UMA in cooperation with the Federation of Metallurgy Workers of Ukraine and HR Volunteer Association, have conducted a study among two groups of employers – those that represent partner-companies engaged in the project and those not involved into the experiment on the DS introduction. This article presents the results of the survey among the second group of employers. It allowed not only to study the level of awareness and attitude of the employers to DS but to inform companies not involved into the experiment about the initiative that might result in amendments to the list of the experiment participants in the Order #1296 and enlargement of the number of dual studies cooperation cases. The authors' questionnaire survey was carried out from May to September 2020 in the format of phone-interviews. The respondents included 400 Ukraine-based companies representing big, medium and small businesses from all the Ukrainian regions apart from the occupied territories of Crimea, Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts. The findings show that a wide information campaign is needed to raise the employers' awareness of the opportunities provided by the dual studies, which is being successfully adapted and integrated in the Ukrainian tertiary education. Therefore, the data obtained is a source of information for recommendations to the stakeholders (especially, policy-makers, employers and their associations) aimed at promoting further cooperation of higher educational establishments and Ukraine-based companies, thus, establishing framework for investments into the training of workforce as a prerequisite of companies' compatibility and the growth of not only individual economic actors, but the national economy. The FES-Ukraine funded the research.


EnglishTHE INFLUENCE OF THE SOVIET MODEL ON THE POLICY FOR NATIONAL MINORITIES IN CHINA : THE CASE OF SINKIANG 1949-1962, by MARIE-CLAIRE BERGERE On gaining power in 1949, the Chinese Communist Party outlined a policy on nationalities which was largely — but not totally — drawn from the Soviet model. Contrary to what happened in the economic sphere, for example, where the community of principles and vocabulary concealed the growing originality of Maoist strategy from 1955 onwards, Chinese policy on nationalities rejected certain theoretical aspects of the Soviet model from the outset (federalism in particular), but proved in practice to be very close to Soviet policy. Though they are both imbued by a Marxist-Leninist doctrine which attaches only passing importance to nationalism, China and the USSR confronted one another on the Sinkiang border in a conflict which changed the facts but continued the tradition of the great imperialist confrontations of the 19th century in Central Asia. [Revue francaise de science politique XXIX (3), juin 1979, pp. 402-425.] francaisL'INFLUENCE DU MODELE SOVIETIQUE SUR LA POLITIQUE DES MINORITES NATIONALES EN CHINE : LE CAS DU SINKIANG 1949-1962, par MARIE-CLAIRE BERGERE A son arrivee au pouvoir, en 1949, le PCC definit une politique des nationalites largement — mais non totalement — inspiree du modele sovietique. Contrairement a ce qui se passe dans le domaine economique par exemple, ou la communaute des principes et des vocabulaires recouvre a partir de 1955 une originalite croissante de la strategie maoiste, la politique chinoise des nationalites refuse d'emblee certains aspects theoriques du modele sovietique (le federalisme, en particulier) mais s'avere dans la pratique tres proche de celle de l'URSS. Inspirees l'une et l'autre par un marxisme-leninisme qui n'accorde au nationalisme qu'une importance transitoire, la Chine et l'URSS se dressent l'une contre l'autre aux frontieres du Sinkiang dans un conflit qui renouvelle les donnees, mais continue la tradition, des grands affrontements imperialistes du XIXe siecle en Asie centrale. [Revue francaise de science politique XXIX (3), juin 1979, pp. 402-425.] THE INFLUENCE OF THE SOVIET MODEL ON THE POLICY FOR NATIONAL MINORITIES IN CHINA THE CASE OF SINKIANG 1949-1962 MARIE-CLAIRE BERG RE On gaining power in 1949 the Chinese Communist Party outlined policy on nationali ties which was largely but not totally drawn from the Soviet model Contrary to what happened in the economic sphere for example where the community of principles and vocabulary concealed the growing originality of Maoist strategy from 1955 onwards Chinese policy on nationalities rejected certain theoretical aspects of the Soviet model from the outset federalism in particular) but proved in practice to be very close to Soviet policy Though they are both imbued by Marxist-Leninist doctrine whicb atta ches only passing importance to nationalism China and the USSR confronted one ano ther on the Sinkiang border in conflict which changed the facts but continued the tra dition of the great imperialist confrontations of the 19th century in Central Asia Revue fran aise de science politique XXIX 7) juin 1979 pp 402-425


In this paper we present a scenario for ontology matching posed by the Trentino Riscossioni S.p.A data integration system focusing the opportunity to enhance the level of data integration over a large set of Tax and Revenue industry-specific data sources.


At BESSY II, two new beamlines for RIXS and for X-Ray-microscopy need a short period variably polarizing undulator. For this purpose, the first in-vacuum APPLE II undulator worldwide is under construction. The parameters are as follows: period length λ 0 = 32 mm, # periods = 78, minimum gap = 7mm. The design incorporates a force compensation scheme as proposed by two of the authors at the SRI 2018. All precision parts of the drive chain are located in air. New transverse slides for the transversal slit adjustment have been developed and tested. Optical Micrometers measure the gap and phase positions, similar to the system of the CPMU17 at BESSY II. They provide the signals for motor feedback loops. A new UHV-compatible soldering technique, as developed with industry, relaxes fabrication tolerances of magnets and magnet holders and simplifies the magnet assembly. A 10-period prototype has been setup for lifetime tests of the new magnetic keeper design. The paper summarizes the status of the undulator IVUE32.


Valley City, N. D., Sept. 23, 1896. To the Editor: —It may interest some of theJournalreaders to know that a mixture composed of one part, by weight, of muslin-sifted straw charcoal to two parts of powdered boric acid will heal old ulcers or wounds very rapidly; fresh cut or torn surfaces are healed as if by magic. This may be old to many of the profession, but I never heard of it until I used it. But even if old it may do no harm to remind all that it is a very valuable combination. Fraternally


A research team used an e‐Paper display to create a color and pattern‐changing shoe. Their paper on this project, "Wearable Display for Dynamic Spatial and Temporal Fashion Trends," will be presented at Display Week's technical symposium on Wednesday, June 4.


Mineral zircon contains trace amounts (typically 10-1000 v ppm) of the f -emitters uranium and thorium, which irradiate this mineral internally. This outstanding feature of zircon turns out to be extremely useful when this mineral is applied as a thermoluminescence (TL) dating medium, because the build-up of the age-dependent luminescence is dominated by the presence of well-defined internal radioactive sources and the contributions to the dose from external radiation sources are two orders of magnitude smaller. The results presented in this paper have led us to the conclusion that for zircon dating it is necessary to carefully select the best and homogeneous zircon grains of the highest optical quality. For successful dating experiments on very young and historically well-defined coastal dune sands, selection of the most stable luminescence component by means of narrow band interference filters is needed. Our results suggest that ultimately optical zircon dating will allow us to determine the age of extremely young samples ( e.g. 12 months!).


Background and Aims: To understand the practice patterns of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) use by Indian physicians. Subjects and Methods: Around three thousand physicians from all over India were mailed a questionnaire that could capture the practice patterns of NIV use. Results: Completed responses were received from 648 physicians (21.6%). Majority (n = 469, 72.4%, age 40 ± 9 years, M:F 409:60) use NIV in their clinical practice. NIV was most exclusively being used in the ICU setting (68.4%) and the commonest indication for its use was chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (71.4%). A significant number did not report use of a conventional ventilator for NIV support (62%). Oronasal mask was the overwhelming favorite among the sampled physicians (68.2%). In most of the cases, the treating physician initiated NIV (60.8%) and a baseline blood gas analysis was performed in only 71.1% of the cases (315/443). Nasal bridge pressure sores was the commonest complication (64.2%). Conclusions: NIV is being widely used in clinical practice in India for various indications. COPD is the most common indication for its deployment. There seems to be a marked variability in the patterns relating to actual deployment of NIV, including the site of initiation, protocols for initiation followed, and monitoring of patients.


An exponential inequality is established for identically distributed negatively dependent random variables.By this exponential inequality,the convergence rate O(1)n1/2(log n)-1/2 for the strong law of large numbers is obtained.This article extended the Soo Hak Sung's results about negatively associated random variables.


: There is an increasing demand for qualified engineers in the workforce, and a decreasing interest in engineering educational and professional pathways into the field. This has prompted many studies of engineering programs as well as the motivating factors that lead students there to begin with. What is it about engineering that interests students and motivates their initial pathway into engineering? And were those factors significant in maintaining student engagement through the "valley of despair" to degree completion? These were the research questions asked at the University of Notre Dame beginning in the Fall of 2007. That cohort of students was asked as part of a homework question, in the Introduction to Engineering Systems Course, "Engineering is a very broad field of study. What is it about engineering that interests you?" The essay responses of 163 students were reviewed by two engineering education researchers (initially coded independently and then codes compared for final classification). The types of responses varied, but many recurring themes emerged, including math or science interest or ability, enjoyment of problem solving, a desire to impact the world in a positive way, preparation for another professional field, among others. Frequency counts were tabulated, and compared to retention numbers as these students are now seniors. Response frequencies were also compared by gender and discipline, indicating that women were more likely to cite "better world" and men were more likely to cite "innovative / creative, how things work, or build things" as motivations for studying engineering. Engineering disciplines also had a few interesting differences including Civil engineering students indicating "build things" and Chemical Engineering students indicating "practical or broad" as motivating factors for studying engineering.


This study aims to assess and address the misconceptions that exist in the chemical reactions topic among Malaysian form five students. The study uses Five Phases Needham Model that applies in the multimedia software to overcome the misconceptions that exist in this area of chemical reaction in the classroom instruction. The study also used ADDIE Model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation) to develop multimedia software. Thirty secondary school students and thirty Chemistry teachers took part in this quantitative study which uses the experimental and survey methods. A pre-test and post-test were used to assess the effectiveness of the software in overcoming students misconceptions in the area of chemical reactions. In addition, the study also collects data from teachers through a questionnaire to test the suitability of this software. Data of pre and post tests and questionnaires were analyzed using descriptive statistic. The results showed that this multimedia software is effective to be practiced in schools among students. The survey also reveals that the software is suitable from various aspects such as understanding of learning content, navigation of software and increase of intrinsic motivation of students. Besides, this study also benefits from the perspective of providing information about the compatibility of multimedia software in Chemistry Education. In fact, secondary school teachers can use this study and the software as a reference or guide for deploying multimedia in teaching and learning.


The pick-up feeding device comprises U type rack gear member linked to a gear driven by a motor, two units of guide shaft supporting the pick-up. A moving shaft is located to coincide with the one end of the guide shaft for supporting the pick-up selectively. A rotating support means rotates the moving shaft along a semi circle produced by each end of guide shaft, and a locking means selectively locks and releases the rotating support means at the point where the moving shaft coincide with two units of guide shaft.


It has attracted wide attention that female executives are strongly raising all over the world.An increasing number of scholars have explored how female participation in top management teams affects corporate performance.The problem of female executives' impact on technological innovation has not been in-depth investigated.This paper uses the data of Chinese GEM companies during 2009 to 2010,empirically examines the relationship between female executives and technological innovation.Meanwhile,we investigate how human capital and industry moderate the relationship between female executives and technological innovation.The results show that women executives have a positive significant effect on technological innovation.Human capital strengthens the positive significant effect of female executives on innovation performance.Industry factor plays a significant regulatory role in relationship between female executives and technological innovation;In technology and telecommunications companies,female executives have a stronger impact on promoting innovation.


The significance of application of the aesthetics principle to hydraulic structure design was analyzed from the angles of improvement of the aesthetical value of hydraulic structures and promotion of water-related tourism.Based on the architectural aesthetics principles,the characteristics of hydraulic structures,the case study on practical projects,and some pervious experiences,the rule that beauty comes from harmony was discussed,and it is indicated that to keep harmony within hydraulic structures and with natural environment and humanistic landscapes is important in hydraulic structure design.Case study shows that the introduction of aesthetics principles into hydraulic structure design is of great significance to prevention of unpleasant hydraulic structures and improvement of the economic,social and environmental benefits of hydraulic structures.


WirelessUSB LS System Overview WirelessUSB. LS adds to the existing WirelessUSB portfolio a low-cost 2.4-GHz wireless solution that enables the wireless gaming console peripheral device market and displaces the 27-MHz solutions currently used for low-end retail PC Human Interface Device (HID) applications. A WirelessUSB LS system typically consists of a WirelessUSB LS Bridge and at least one WirelessUSB LS HID. The host PC is not aware of the wireless connection, since the interface to the host acts like a normal wired USB HID connection. Therefore, there is no special software required on the host PC in order to support WirelessUSB LS.


Objective Using RNA interference(RNAi)technique,to observe the effect of recombinant plasmid carrying epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)homologous gene on the biological characteristics of A549 cell and sensitivity to cisplatin after being transfected to non-small cell lung cancer A549 cell.Methods According to the principle of RNAi,a strip of interfering fragment targeting EGFR gene,h-EGFR was designed and synthesized,then pGensil-1 was used fls vector,the recombinant plasmid pGensil-1-EGFR was constructed and transfected into human lung cancer A549 celIline mediated by Lipofectamine 2000.Then the transfected cells were selected with G418 and the stable transfected monoclone cells were picked out.After being collected and cultured,cells were treated with different concentrations of cisplatin(2.5 mg/L,10 mg/L,40 rag/L)for different time(24 h,48 h,72 h).The antiproliferative effects of dsRNA and cisplatin were assessed by MTT.Cell cycle analysis and the apoptosis rate were carried out via flow cytometry.Results Compared with control group,experiment group grew more slowly,the optical density value was down regulated significantly(P<0.05).Treated with cisplatin of 40 mg/L,10 mg/L,2.5 mg/L,the inhibition ratio of pGensil-1-EGFR-3 increased by 7.8%,30.70%,34.42%compared with un-transfected control.Cell cycle analysis showed that dsRNA-EGFR induced accumulation of cells in G0-G1 phase by 13.84 0A and decreased in the percentage of cells in S-phase by 19.10%compared with control group.After 24 hours treatment with cisplatin of 40 mg/L,10 mg/L,2.5 mg/L,the apoptosis rates increased compared with that of control group.Conclusions Via stable transfeetion,recombinant plasmid targeting EGFR gene could effectively inhibit cell growth,make more cells block in the G0-G1 phase and could increase the sensitivity of A549 cell to cisplatin.This provides an experimental basis for RNAi technique in gene therapy on non-small cell lung cancer.

Key words:
RNA intederence; Epidermal growth factor receptor; Non-small cell lung cancer; Cisplatin


During an airborne multi-sensor remote sensing experiment at the Virginia Coast Reserve (VCR) Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) site in June 2011 (VCR '11), first measurements were taken with the new NRL Goniometer for Outdoor Portable Hyperspectral Earth Reflectance (GOPHER). GOPHER measures the angular distribution of hyperspectral reflectance. GOPHER was constructed for NRL by Spectra Vista Corporation (SVC) and the University of Lethbridge through a capital equipment purchase in 2010. The GOPHER spectrometer is an SVC HR -1024, which measures hyperspectral reflectance over the range from 350 -2500 nm, the visible, near infrared, and short-wave infrared. During measurements, the spectrometer travels along a zenith quarter -arc track that can rotate in azimuth, allowing for measurement of the bi-directional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) over the whole hemisphere. The zenith arc has a radius of approximately 2m, and the spectrometer scan pattern can be programmed on the fly during calibration and validation efforts. The spectrometer and zenith arc assembly can be raised and lowered along a mast to allow for measurement of uneven terrain or vegetation canopies of moderate height. Hydraulics on the chassis allow for leveling of the instrument in the field. At just over 400 lbs, GOPHER is a field portable instrument and can be transformed into a compact trailer assembly for movement over long distances in the field.


Recent work related to NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) negotiations for Transport Canada described the weight and dimension regulations of the provinces and territories and the neighboring states in detail. New information on truck flows and new surveys have become available and that allows this paper to relate cross-border truck traffic to the governing sets of regulations. NAFTA established a process to work on common weight and dimension limits, but there has been little progress to date, perhaps because of the complexity and diversity of the regulations. This paper outlines existing regulations and describes how cross-border trucking has accommodated itself to the diversity of weight and dimension regulations.


Due to the importance of the plant extracts and classification of them as GRAS, blending them with food packaging materials based on dietary biopolymers attracts a great attention recently. Polysaccharides (eg. chitosan, alginate) and proteins (such as soy and whey protein isolate, gelatin and zein) act as polymeric carriers for transporting a variety of bio active extracts like green tea extract, grape seed kernels extract, blueberries and cranberries extract. In addition, plant extracts are proven to improve packaging physicochemical properties and bioactivity so they can increase their overall applications including physical properties, antioxidant capacity and antimicrobial activity. In summary, several factors such as color, aroma and flavor will be determined in the final product. The main criteria include the origin of extracts and bio polymer carriers (eg. films from protein or polysaccharide that acts as a carrier for extracts), combination of polymeric carriers and extracts and processing of applied polymeric carriers ingredients. Interactions between polymeric carriers and extracts are known well. Furthermore, it has been proven that polyphenols are one of the key ingredients that play an important role in potential hydrogen bonding which participate in these interactions.


The embodiment of the invention discloses an encryption method based on image transmission. The method comprises the steps as follows: the MD5 value of the digital image of a picture to be encrypted is calculated and obtained according to the fifth edition of message abstract algorithm; the pixel array of the digital image is analyzed; according to the block sequence of the pixel, XOR operation of the pixel array formed by blocks including 16 pixels and the MD5 value is carried out, and an encryption image is formed; and the encryption image is transmitted to a decryption end. The invention also discloses a decryption method and an encryption/decryption system based on image transmission, by implementing the embodiment of the invention, the algorithm is easy to achieve, the algorithm load is low, the application is variable, the effect is good, the completeness function of the verification image is achieved, and at the same time, safe transmission of the image is ensured.


In the paper, we studied the solution of resource allocation problem with Coordinated Multi-Point(CoMP) in heterogeneous wireless networks. The utilization of CoMP technology enhances channel quality of users at the edge of cells, but it also brings more complexity to resource management of the network. To reduce this pressure, we exploited a feedback-based method to determine the allocation of users in a multi-layer heterogeneous network. Traditional Proportional Fairness(PF) achieves a balance between system throughput and fairness. However, fairness among users should be reconsidered because applications become more diversified and have different requirements for the network. Therefore, we proposed an improved resource allocation scheme through the introduction of utility function, which can allocate resource according to the application type so as to improve fairness. Simulation results indicate that the scheme based on utility function can achieve a better balance between system throughput and fairness among users.


Objective To establish RP-HPLC method of determining the content of Ganoderma lucidum acid A in its fruiting body.Methods We adopted Promosil-C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm) column and used acetonitrile-0.03% volume fraction of formic acid as the mobile phase gradient elution with flow rate 0.8 ml/minand detection wavelength 254 nm.Results The concentration range of Ganoderma lucidum acid A was in 1.1-11 μg and the peak area showed good linearity,r=0.999,Y= 1.121X-0.112,RSD= 1.61%(n=6).Conclusion The method is simple,rapid,accurate,repeated,and can be used to control the quality of Ganoderma lucidum fruiting bodies.


A biochemical approach was used to assess the genetic variability of the seed radish (Raphanus sativus L.) accessions which are distinguished by a wide variety of morphological characters. It is known that the esterase complex in plants has intraspecific specificity; in addition, these enzymes are characterized by tissue specificity. Earlier, the samples of the collections of the genetic resources of the radish were never evaluated for the presence of isozyme forms of esterases in mature seeds of this culture. The establishment of the general variability of isoenzyme systems and the identification of their genetic control make it possible to reveal the subtle mechanisms of the organism's relationship with the environment and homeostasis, which is especially important for long-term storage of samples in genetic seed collections. The development of effective biochemical markers for the rapid assessment of collection, as well as genetically and breeding significant material is also essential. This work allows us to fill the gap that exists in relation to the samples of genetic resources of the radish. From the collection of the Federal Research Center Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), 49 radish accessions were selected, belonging to three subspecies, divided according to geographic principle as Chinese, Japanese and European radish. All esterase isozymes of seeds were separated using native vertical electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel followed by processing for nonspecific esterase. According to their esterase composition, all accessions were subdivided into 7 zymotypes, differing from each other by the presence or absence of certain zones. In total, in the esterase complex of radish seeds, 5 main isozymes with different molecular weights varying from 45.3 kDa to 35.0 kDa were found. All five zones were characterized by a high level of polymorphism among the samples. Based on the composition of isozymes, all genotypes formed 7 zymotypes. Zymotype No. 1, represented by the maximum number of esterases (5 zones), comprised of 43 % of the total number of genotypes. Zymotype No. 2 constituted 33 % of all samples. The rarest zymotypes No. 5 and No. 7 (4 %) differed in the minimum amount of esterase enzymes (2 zones each). Zymotypes No. 2 and No. 4 were characterized by 4 zones. Representatives of two groups, No. 3 and No. 6 had 3 zones in their esterase complex. The quantitative ratio of all esterase zones varied greatly in the studied samples. The minimum content (4.78 %) was found for the B5 zone, the maximum amount (67.44 %) was found for the B1 zone. The prevalence of each zone among all studied samples ranged from 13 to 23 %. Zones B3 (Mr = 39.7 kDa) and B4 (Mr = 37.1 kDa) were the most common among all esterase isozymes; these zones were observed in 23 % of genotypes. For 22 % of representatives, the B2 zone was characteristic (Mr = 42.9 kD). Zones B1 (Mr = 45.3 kD) and B5 (Mr = 35 kD) were less common, 19 % and 13 %, respectively. The average heterozygosity of isozygous forms of esterases of the studied radish samples was Htotal = 0.212, with variance for the same samples Var(Htotal) = 0.0007. Cluster analysis of esterase enzymes divided the studied set of radish samples into European and Asian subspecies and varieties, and together with phenotypic traits, it allowed constructing a dendrogram corresponding to the botanical, agrobiological and geographical location of the samples. It should be noted that the accessions of the European subspecies radish are located in two clusters, and the accessions of Russian origin form a separate group in the first cluster, and the samples of European


Introduction In 1978, the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research defined the core principles underlying ethically sound research as respect for persons, beneficence, and justice [1]. These concepts have served well in guiding the design, implementation, and oversight of human studies over the past 26 years [2,3]. Nevertheless, ethical controversies continue to arise, most recently in relation to challenges in fulfilling two other ethical ideals – scientific integrity and fidelity – in everyday research activities involving human volunteers [4–7].


Objective To study the pathogenesis of osteoporosis in patients with liver cirrhosis following hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection(HBV-liver cirrhosis).Methods Bone mineral density(BMD) was measured by NM-300 sigle-energy X-ray acsorptiometry system for 61 patients with HBV-liver cirrhosis and 30 age-matched healthy controls.Serum levels of calcium regulatory hormones(CRH),1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1,25(OH)_2D_3],parathyroid hormone(PTH),calcitonin(CT),osteocalcin(BGP),interleukin-1β(IL-1β),interleukin-6(IL-6) and tumor-necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),and urine level of crosslaps were measured in these patients and controls.Patients with HBV-liver cirrhosis were divided into two groups,osteoporotic and non-osteoporotic,based on their BMD in the ulna and radius,for comparison.Results BMD of the ulna and radius in patients with HBV-liver cirrhosis were significantly lower than those in controls.Serum levels of 1,25(OH)_2D_3 and BGP in patients with HBV-liver cirrhosis were significantly lower than those in controls,and much lower in osteoporotic group than that in non-osteoporotic one.While urine level of crosslaps increased significantly in patients with HBV-liver cirrhosis than in controls, much more increased in the those with osteoporosis than those without osteoporosis.Serum level of 1,25(OH)_2D_3 correlated with serum levels of BGP and BMD of the ulna and radius.Urine level of crosslaps correlated inversely with BMD of the ulan and radius in osteoporotic patients,but not in non-osteoporotic ones.Serum levels of IL-1β,IL-6 and(TNF-α) and urine level of crosslaps increased significantly in patients with HBV-liver cirrhosis than in controls,as well as increased significantly in those with osteoporosis than in those without osteoporosis.Serum levels of IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α and urine level of crosslaps correlated inversely with BMD of the ulna,particularly more significantly in those with osteoporosis than those without osteoporosis.Conclusions Two factors,less osteogenesis and more osteolysis,existed in patients with HBV-liver cirrhosis.Serum level of 1,25(OH)_2D_3 and serum levels of IL-1β,IL-6 and(TNF-α) played an important role in weakened bone formation and in increased bone resorption,respectively.Adequate supplementation of vitamin D_3 and reducing serum levels of IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α may be very important for prevention and treatment of hepatic bone disease.


We investigate the magnetic field variation of the thermally activated flux flow resistivity, ρTAFF and flux flow critical current density, Jc, in a weakly pinned thin film of the amorphous superconductor a-MoGe, where vortices are in a fluid state over a large range of magnetic fields. We show that both quantities can be understood within the framework of collective pinning theory. In particular, our results demonstrate that a 'peak effect' can arise at the order–disorder transition of the vortex lattice even when both the ordered and disordered states are vortex fluids, such as the boundary between a hexatic vortex fluid and an isotropic vortex liquid.


The synthetic wastewater with sodium acetate and glucose as substrate was used as influent of SBR.Through fixing concentration of DO and adjustment of C/N ratio and organic loading,the influence of C/N ratio on SBR was investigated from both macroscopic and microcosmic aspects.A model for non-filamentous sludge bulking in SBR was established.The results show that non-filamentous sludge bulking occurs when the influent C/N ratio is 52,organic loading is 1.0 to 1.5 kg/(kg·d),and DO is 5 to 7 mg/L.In the establishment of model for non-filamentous sludge bulking,although the settleability of activated sludge becomes poorer and the effluent is turbid with lower transparency,COD and NH+4-N are still effectively removed,and their removal rates are more than 90%.


The cone dynamic penetration test is a kind of test method, which has the features of simple device, easy operation, great adaptability, high efficiency and it also is a continuous in-situ test method. But in the common geotechnical exploration activities, we found that bearing capacity of foundation is always larger than the measured value, by analysis to the blow count of cone dynamic penetration in the standard table. This article set the gravel soil geotechnical exploration of Guangxi province's city planning exhibition center of China as the example, to start with the theory of cone dynamic penetration, and analysis the reason why there are the abnormal value in the dynamic penetration, furthermore, provide the relative error correction models for it. Finally, establish the rational relationship between dynamic penetration results and foundation soil mechanical parameters.


Baby Boomers – those who are currently between 50 and 70 years old – are often blamed by younger generations for many issues, from those associated with pensions and healthcare, to the unaffordability of housing, and even the vote to leave the EU. Jennie Bristow outlines the discourse and explains its implications.


Background: In the year 2000, member states of the United Nations pledged to work towards a three-quarters reduction in the 1990 maternal mortality ratio by 2015 in line with Millenium. Development Goal 5, but this could not be achieved. This pledge became imperative given the high maternal mortality being recorded, especially among developing countries. The high maternal deaths in developing countries have been attributed partly to the lack of access to skilled birth attendants during delivery.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate factors that influence the utilization of health facility delivery services among pregnant women in the Jomoro District of the Western Region of Ghana.

Methods: The study used data from a cross-sectional survey among women aged 18 - 49 yr. living in the Jomoro District of Ghana and had given birth between 2012 and 2016 (n = 374). The study participants were randomly selected from women who attended child welfare clinics on clinic days with their babies in eighteen communities. The study used a structured questionnaire to solicit for information about the women's demographic and socio-economic characteristics, community characteristics and health systems factors likely to influence their decision to seek skilled delivery care as well as their experiences relating to their last delivery. Bivariate analyses were performed between the primary dependent variable and background characteristics of the respondents. Factors influencing the choice of place of delivery were estimated by multiple logistic regression analysis. Data analysis was performed using STATA Statistical Software, Release 14.

Results: About 61.0% (n= 228/374) of the women had their last delivery at a health facility while the remaining 38.8% (n= 145/374) delivered at home without skilled assistance. In multivariate analysis, women aged 25 – 29 yr. were less likely to have a skilled delivery (aOR, 0.40; 95% CI: 0.17 - 0.93). Also, professional women had 4.77 odds of having skilled delivery (aOR, 4.77; 95% CI: 1.53 - 14.93). Distance to the nearest health facility also had a statistically significant association with skilled delivery. Women living at 10 – 19 km to a health facility were less likely to have a skilled delivery (aOR, 0.56; 95% CI: 0.32 - 0.97). In addition, the presence of a midwife at a health facility increased the odds of skilled delivery among women (aOR, 4.59; 95% CI: 2.47 - 8.55).

Conclusion: Interventions aimed at increasing the uptake of delivery care services to achieve the SDG's target on maternal mortality must consider improving the socio-economic wellbeing of women in addition to removing the physical and health system barriers impeding access and utilisation of delivery care services.


A clinical, electrocardiographic, phonocardiographic, and arteriographic study was made of 20 normal subjects, 20 patients with right bundle-branch block (RBBB) and 20 patients with left bundle-branch block (LBBB). Ventricular asynchronism was documented in nearly all cases of bundle-branch block by the behavior of the arterial pulse and the heart sounds. The first heart sound was of normal duration in all cases and usually had the normal number and position of its three components. The first sound had a normal relationship with the QRS component of the electrocardiogram in RBBB, but its onset was markedly delayed in LBBB. This fact confirms the exclusive left-sided origin of the first sound. The third (or ejection) component of the first sound had a greater delay in LBBB, due to intraventricular block, and this delay was closely related to that of the carotid pulse rise. Reversed splitting of the second sound in LBBB was common.


The driver identification system for railway vehicle is installed at each cab car to verify a driver's identity. There's no system to verify a driver's identity in the existing railway vehicle and everyone who has master controller's key can operate a car. But in case of the car applied driver identification system, only the authorized people can operate a car. In this paper, we are going to introduce a driver identification system applied to railway vehicles, help to become the next railway vehicle system configuration by comparing the advantages and disadvantages.


-With the explosion of mobile applications, all application providers expect to work out a popular mobile service. There are two features of a popular mobile service: adapting for mobile device's diversity and achieving high user satisfaction. For Quality Assurance (QA) testers, the former feature brings heavy testing workload and the latter claims testers try their best for good quality and good usability of the service. Therefore, improving work efficiency and test completeness are critical for mobile application QA testers. In this paper, a test framework for mobile applications is proposed, which aims to help QA testers work with high efficiency and contribute to good products with nice user experience. Moreover, a case applying this framework is presented for validating it.


Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia and is associated with substantial cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, with stroke being the most important complication. Present drugs used for the therapy of AF (antiarrhythmic drugs and anticoagulants) have major intrinsic limitations, including moderate efficacy and increased risks of life-threatening proarrhythmic effects and bleeding complications. There is great diversity in the pathophysiological substrate, clinical presentation and prognosis of AF. Therefore, assessing the risk of AF-associated stroke and choosing the most appropriate antithrombotic therapy, selecting in which patient to pursue a rhythm- versus a rate-control approach, and when to consider nonpharmacological therapies, such as catheter ablation, remain difficult decisions in most patients. Antiarrhythmic drugs like dronedarone have the potential to prevent AF-related complications like stroke and provides clinicians with a new option when choosing antiarrhythmic therapy. However, major concerns with dronedarone are its low efficacy for AF and lack of evidence for effectiveness in patients failing other antiarrhythmic agents. New oral anticoagulants like dabigatran have important safety advantages versus traditional vitamin-K antagonists in preventing stroke, but they do not arrest or prevent AF. Thus, there is still a clear unmet need for new and more effective antiarrhythmic drugs that prevent AF-related complications. Hopefully such new drugs will lead to improved patient management in the future.


Professor Dinah Mary James, OBE, (fondly called Iya Pharmacology or mother of Pharmacology) spent her entire productive years for research and training in Pharmacology at the Nigeria's first Medical School, University of Ibadan where she rose to become the first Professor of Pharmacology in 1964


This study demonstrates the skills of D-FLOW Flexible Mesh (FM) and SFINCS (Super-Fast INundation of CoastS) in combination with the Delft Dashboard Tsunami Toolbox to numerically simulate tsunami offshore propagation and inundation based on the example of the 2011 Tōhoku tsunami in Japan. Caused by a megathrust earthquake, this is one of the most severe tsunami events in recent history, resulting in vast inundation and devastation of the Japanese coast. The comparison of the simulated with the measured offshore water levels at four DART buoys located in the north-western Pacific Ocean shows that especially the FM but also the SFINCS model accurately reproduce the observed tsunami propagation. The inundation observed at the Sendai coast is well reproduced by both models. All in all, the model outcomes are consistent with the findings gained in earlier simulation studies. Depending on the specific needs of future tsunami simulations, different possibilities for the application of both models are conceivable: (i) the exclusive use of FM to achieve high accuracy of the tsunami offshore propagation, with the option to use an all-in-one model domain (no nesting required) and to add tsunami sediment dynamics, (ii) the combined use of FM for the accurate simulation of the tsunami propagation and of SFINCS for the accurate and time efficient simulation of the onshore inundation and (iii) the exclusive use of SFINCS to get a reliable picture of the tsunami propagation and accurate results for the onshore inundation within seconds of computational time. This manuscript demonstrates the suitability of FM and SFINCS for the rapid and reliable assessment of tsunami propagation and inundation and discusses use cases of the three model combinations that form an important base for tsunami risk management.


The purpose of this article is to explore to what degree the subject of sportsmanship, morality and character development is addressed in physical education (PE) and youth sport. It also presents the effect of formal education programs designed to address the issue of character in sport, and lays out recommendations for current PE practitioners and coaches to improve the moral and social development of their athletes and participants.


This article proposes a five years assessment of the efforts undertaken by the African countries to answer Dakar commitment on the six objectives of Education For All, with a focus on the millenium development goal relating to the universal primary schooling by 2015. If the progress recorded today on the continent is real, in particular access to school, there is still a long way to go on the road to 2015 in the fields of retention (four children out of ten do not finish the primary school in Africa in 2003), quality and equity. In addition, the article identifies a certain number of challenges that the education system face.


The methanolic extracts of 13 Specieis of the genus Solanum (Solanaceae) have been tested for bioactivity in Artemia salina. The extracts investigated were prepared from various parts (aerial parts, roots and fruits) of S. asperum, S. capsicoides, S. palinacantum, S. paludosum, S. paniculatum, S. paraibanum, S. sisymbriifolium, S. crinitum, S. diamantinense, S. megalonyx, S. torvum, S. asterophorum and S. stipulaceum. The lethal concentrations were determined for the extracts and among thirteen plants tested, four appear to be inactive. The extracts of the fruits of S. asperum (LC50 = 420.5 µg/mL) and S. paludosum (LC50 = 548.0 µg/mL), aerial parts of S. diamantinense (LC50 = 481.0 µg/mL) and S. sisymbrifolium (LC50 = 382.7 µg/mL), and the roots of S. asperum (LC50 = 593.4 µg/mL) and S. stipulaceum (LC50 = 823.1 µg/mL), all of which previously showed molluscicidal activity against Biomphalaria glabrata were also found to be active in the present study with brine shrimp.


The anisotropic thermal expansion coefficients of NdP5O14, a stoichiometric laser material, have been measured by an optical interferometric method. The expansion coefficients are αa = (10.0±1.3)×10−6,αb = (9.5±1.1)×10−6, and αc = (8.3±1.0)×10−6.


An experimental investigation has been made to determine the hydro-dynamic characteristics of a 10-percent-thick hydrofoil with an aspect ratio of 3 designed to operate with acceptable efficiency at speeds in the neighborhood of 100 knots (169 fps). A cambered hydrofoil model with parabolic thickness distribution was investigated at a depth of chord over a range of angles of attack from -0.5 deg to 4.0 deg and at speeds from 120 to 210 fps. substantially wider range of operation at acceptable lift-drag ratios as well as higher maximum lift-drag-ratio values than did a hydrofoil of similar design with an aspect ratio of 1.


We used radiotelemetry during 2004 and 2005 to investigate seasonal movements and habitat use and to improve our understanding of how land management practices were affecting Western Massasauga (Sistrurus tergeminus) populations in Nebraska. We found Western Massasaugas to brumate in crayfish burrows 100% of the time, and spring emergence occurred during March April. The longest movements occurred during May when snakes were moving away from brumation sites to summer habitat, after which movements decreased until a second peak in August. We did not find significant differences between male and female activity area, range length, total distance moved, daily movement, or distance from spring and fall brumation sites. However the core activity range of females was significantly less than that of males. During the active season, grassland habitat was used 75.6% of the time compared to habitats of grassland-shrubs (10.7%), hydrophilic vegetation (9.1%), woodlands (3.1%), and shrublands (1.5%). Identifying variations in a species spatial ecology is important for achieving long-term conservation goals because life history events, resource availability, and land management practices may have an effect on seasonal movements and habitat use. The results of our study demonstrate the need for, and some of the necessary data for, improved land management planning in order to meet conservation needs of the Western Massasauga in Nebraska.


Engineering, Procurement, and Construcion company is vulnerable to risks of environment and health. There are several techniques for examining occupational safety and health, especially in risk analysis. This study is intended to evaluate environmental safety and health at street lighting poles project in EPC Company, named PT. Duta Hita Jaya. Primary and secondary datas were used. As primary data, observation-questionnaires-and interviews were conducted. Historical data of work accident and other documents related to working procedures was being used as secondary datas. Four respondents involved to answer the questionnaires. HIRARC model was applied to define potential risks that might occur. In addition, 5W1H or Kipling Method was implemented to construct strategies of minimizing the risks. This study reveals that during fabrication, materials transporting-assembling-finishing have high exposures to risks. Particularly, risk of being exposed to sparks is the highest risk with score of 9.


FIELD: physics, modelling. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of digital elevation models, in particular, to the generation and implementation of access to elevations for the digital elevation models. The technical effect is efficient storage of elevation data attained by compressing the elevation data from the first digital elevation model (DEM) in order to generate first compressed elevation data; saving the first compressed elevation data in the storage device cell specified by the first index; and saving the first index. The reading of the compressed elevation model data includes the following stages: locating the first compressed digital elevation model data portion using the first index; decompressing the first compressed portion to retrieve the first elevation data for a single discrete point in the digital elevation model. The digital elevation model has a set of compressed portions including the first compressed portion; and the first index referencing the storage device cell with the first compressed portion. EFFECT: enhanced storage of elevation data. 21 cl, 16 dwg


ABSTRACT This study examined age differences in, and associations among, children's attitudes and intentions regarding alcohol and cocaine use and possible cognitive underpinnings of such orientations (basic familiarity with each substance, expectancies about short-term psychological and behavioral effects, beliefs about long-term health effects, and causal understanding of drug action). Among 217 first through sixth graders, attitudes and intentions were negative and became less negative with age for alcohol, but more negative with age for cocaine. The cognitive predictors contributed to the prediction of attitudes toward cocaine, but not alcohol. Negative attitudes toward cocaine were associated with being familiar with it, knowing its true long-term effects, and endorsing correct explanations of its behavioral effects. The cognitive predictors failed to significantly predict intentions to use alcohol or cocaine. Findings suggest that fostering accurate beliefs and understandings may promote stronger anti-drug orientations toward less familiar drugs such as cocaine.


It is important to understand the patient's vascular anatomy before treating cerebral aneurysms. The middle artery of the corpus callosum is one of the least common variations of the anterior communicating artery (AComA) complex. We describe the case of a 59-year-old woman who suffered a subarachnoid hemorrhage due to an AComA complex aneurysm that had ruptured. Fluorescein injection during the aneurysm clipping procedure revealed a partial obstruction of the middle artery, requiring clip repositioning. The vascular variations that patients may exhibit must be considered in aneurysm clipping surgery.


If medicine is becoming mechanized, as many indications suggest, then those interested in policy making for medical matters have much to learn from the history of technology. The mechanization of medicine, as in the case of the mechanization of production, will accelerate the transfer of skill and knowledge from people to machines and the transition of health care to a capital intensive industry (19, 196–226). Furthermore, mechanization and increasing capital intensification may bring the increased systematization of health care. If the development of mechanized medicine follows the precedent of the mechanization of production, then our society must deal with the evolution of another set of extremely large systems, systems that will become virtually impervious to social control. Historians of technology are currently providing a better understanding of the evolution of large systems of production (3;9;10); there are lessons to be learned from this history by policy makers in health care.


Cloud Computing is an evolving paradigm of this new world. Time complexities have demanded sophisticated scheduling algorithms form the user to prevent the over burden of the cloud servers. Although the cloud servers are fast in comparison to the other platforms of servers but still a good scheduling algorithm would enhance the performance of the job execution. This paper focuses on the creation of a sophisticated job scheduling approach consisted of time constrain algorithms and grouping based algorithm.


In the light of increasingly rapid climate change worldwide, one of the primary goals is to reduce financial losses of dairy farmers and to enable the sustainable farming. In order to realize those goals, the necessity of implementation of breeding values for heat resistance in breeding strategies, have become more and more pronounced. Estimation of breeding values requires determination of temperaturehumidity index (THI) threshold value. Therefore, the objective of this research was to determine the THI threshold value for the first parity Holsteins in environmental conditions in Eastern Croatia. With that purpose individual test-day records of the first parity Holsteins with records of ambient temperature and relative humidity in the barns were analysed. Data were collected in regular milk recording from January 2006 to December 2012. The THI threshold values for daily milk yield were determined by least square analyses of variance for each given THI value (from 65 to 76) using the PROC MIXED (SAS). The THI< 68 did not cause significant change in daily milk production of the first parity Holsteins. Significant decrease of daily milk yield was observed at THI ≥ 68 with estimated drop from 0.240 to 0.716 kg milk/day (THI from 68 to 76). The THI=68, as the lowest value at which significant decrease in daily milk yield was determined, was taken as the threshold value for the first parity Holsteins in Eastern Croatia.


This article will describe the techniques for composite and metal rests. It will also discuss a clinical follow-up of 18 patients who have had metal or composite rests in place from three to 18 months.


This study investigated the impact of prior knowledge, writing task, and hypertext format on university students' comprehension of multisource hypertext. Fifty-two students categorized as having high or low prior knowledge studied hypertext consisting of seven component texts on the topic of social influence. Some students were given a summary writing task; others were asked to write arguments regarding the topic. Also, some students experienced the component texts organized by topic, and others experienced them introduced by source (i.e., author and date). Dependent measures included reading time and scores on a comprehension post-test as well as number and nature of connectives and number and nature of idea units included in students' essays. High knowledge students spent less time than low knowledge students and also did better on the comprehension post-test. Moreover, the argument task led to more causal connectives and more transformed information in students' papers, whereas the summary task resulted in more temporal connectives and paraphrases. Third, presentation of the material by source resulted in better macrostructural comprehension on the post-test, whereas the topic format resulted in better microstructural comprehension. Findings are discussed in terms of development of hypertext materials and task construction, and suggestions are made for further studies.


Data-driven frameworks for wireless communications systems are currently attracting a lot of attention from researchers and practitioners alike. These frameworks based on machine learning (ML) algorithms and neural networks (NN s) architectures, are capable of solving a broad variety of tasks in the wireless communications domain as, for exam-ple, signal detection, channel estimation, channel coding and modulation classification. Moreover, these tasks are solved at a reduced computational cost in comparison to classic model-driven frameworks such as the maximum likelihood for signal detection, for instance. However, data-driven frameworks depend heavily on the dataset available, so that ML algorithms and NNs could be able to actually learn from data and optimize their parameters to solve such tasks at hand. This contrasts to the model-driven frameworks that inherently impart specialized domain knowledge and thus do not require to learn from data. Therefore, a mismatch between the dataset used for training and the actual data may severely degrade the performance of ML algorithms and NN s, especially in practical scenarios where the data statistics and distribution are unknown. In this work we analyze a recently proposed NN for detecting compressed signals, under practical scenarios of dataset samples mismatch, where channel delay profile and statistics mismatches are considered. Numerical results generated by computer simulations show that the NN is robust to statistics mismatches, whereas a significant degradation in performance is observed for channel delay profile mismatches.


Objective
To observe plasma albumin, total bilirubin and serum inflammatory factors, gonadal hormone levels in men with bipolar disorder, and to provide evidence for the diagnosis of the disease.

Methods
48 men with bipolar disorder were selected as disease group, and 42 cases of male physical examination were selected as control group.Plasma albumin, total bilirubin and serum inflammatory factors, gonadal hormone levels of the two groups were detected.

Results
The levels of serum albumin and total bilirubin of the disease group were (43.4±3.9)g/L and (9.4±1.9)μmol/L, which were lower than those of the control group[(49.6±3.0)g/L and (11.8±2.1)μmol/L], the differences were statistically significant (t=8.361, 5.692, all P 0.05). The serum level of E2 of the disease group was (23.2±16.1)pg/mL, which was lower than (35.9±18.0)pg/mL of the control group, the serum T level of the disease group was (10.8±4.9)ng/mL, which was higher than (4.2±1.6)ng/mL of the control group, the differences were statistically significant(t=3.533, 8.344, all P<0.05).

Conclusion
Plasma albumin, total bilirubin and serum IL-1β, IL-4 levels can be used as references for clinical diagnosis of bipolar disorder, and serum E2 and T levels can be used as risk factors for bipolar disorder.

Key words:
Bipolar disorder; Plasma albumin; Total bilirubin; Serum inflammatory factor; Gonadal hormone


As an alternative to psychoanalysis's aggressive subject/object relation, Leo Bersani proposes a more modulated, aesthetic subjectivity. This essay explores Bersani's concept of aesthetic relations through impressionism's and realism's competing demands on the artistic object in Henry James's "Flickerbridge." I suggest this 1902 short story can be productively read as a theory of the perspectival shift James was exploring in his experiments with literary impressionism in that period.


Sophisticated devices that measure and analyze motor vibration are widely available. There are many different methods and types of vibration measurement being made and specified as a result. The most common types are reviewed, together with procedures of vibration measurement on a category of motors widely used in the petrochemical industry, NEMA AC induction motors. A recommended specification for vibration is presented.<<ETX>>


The role of cross-pressures on political decisions has been debated since the early voting studies. This literature has recently been revived by showing how priming "wedge" issues in presidential elections can persuade partisans to vote for the opposing party's candidate. The present research extends theories of cross-pressuring and cognitive dissonance to low information elections by asking the questions: Can partisans be cross-pressured by a competing cue in low-information elections to vote against the party cue? And, how do cross-pressured partisans cognitively justify voting against the party cue? In an experiment conducted in real time during the 2007 Pennsylvania judicial elections, subjects were randomly assigned to either view ads from the candidates, or a control condition. In the ads condition, the Democratic female candidate made a strong appeal to vote for a woman, priming the gender cue as an alternative to the party cue. Using a vote measure verified against the voting record, the findings reveal that by priming this competing cue, partisan voters can be cross-pressured in a low information election, and that self-persuasion regarding a candidate's partisanship allows cross-pressured partisans to rationalize voting against their party.


This study presents a mechanism analysis to the response of leaf spectrum result from trace elements. A wide range of leaves were collected including variations in species and leaf status. The biochemistry composition was measured using ICP-AES techniques to determine Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Co, Cr, Mo and B contents. Concurrently, leaf reflectance was measured with a high spectral resolution spectrophotometer in the 400-2500 nm range with approximately 1.1 nm spectral resolution. Trace elements are helpful to natural growth of vegetable, and the detection in trace elements' status is an important approach to find out growth condition of vegetable. The study for trace element and spectral characters is one of important methods in quantitative remote sensing. In this paper, spectrum data and trace elements are firstly analyzed using different techniques, and in the end the relationship was studied between trace elements and leaf spectrum, and differential coefficient spectrum. Result shows that Co content is strongly correlative with leaf spectral relfectivity negatively in around 569.22 nm. In addition, Mn, B, Mo and Zn are in good consistent with absorption features of leaf spectrum in (0.4, 1.16), (0.47, 0.88, 2.19, 2.34), 1.62 and 2.34 μm. Its' mechanism is discussed chiefly other than only discovering the location of leaf spectrum response resulted from different trace elements.


The reasons for a ship to undergo periodical drydocking and repairs are scrutinized and a method to determine the most economic period between the docking is put forward. Forced drydocking and repairs are also discussed. Problems connected with drydocking, especially of large size tankers, are reviewed and possible solutions to some of them presented. Possibilities for mechanization of works in dry dock and handling of material are discussed and experiences from trials made are presented. Suggestions for future docks and specialized repair yards are given.


Economic nature of categories "factors of production" and "means of production" have been researched as well as
interrelations between them and distinctions in approaches towards their understanding by different economic schools have
been identified.


This study aims to determine whether there has been a digital transformation of financial behavior in the use of fintech by micro, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Indonesia with the Covid-19 Pandemic. The study used a population of SMEs in all provinces, while the sample collected was 84 SMEs from 19 provinces in Indonesia. Data analysis using variance-based SEM with SmartPLS 3.2.9 software tools. The results show that the Covid-19 pandemic has an effect on SMEs (old behavioral intention) in using fintech, and this is a strengthening of the influence on new behavior in using fintech (new behavioral intention). Meanwhile, the New Normal policy also has a positive and significant effect on the current behavior of using fintech (new behavioral intention). As for the new normal as a moderating variable, old behavioral intention to new behavioral intention has no significant role, this is because before the new normal, many SMEs used fintech. Suggestions for SMEs to continue to take advantage of fintech in carrying out their business activities to avoid the impact of Covid-19 and the smooth running of their business. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26905/jkdp.v25i1.4954


This law, applicable since lst January 1982, is the most important law in the administrative field to be recently promulgated in Venezuela, particularly concerning relations between the administration and the administered who, henceforward, are governed in terms of a primacy of the latter who cease to be subjects and become partners in a prospect of balance. The new law, however, offers considerable possibilities of actions against the administration, and since its application nu-


In a modern age where many have abandoned God and have turned to science, a new problem emerges, which is that of meaning. With the death of God comes the birth of new ways in which we can begin to define and give meaning to our lives. This paper suggests that a Nietzschean conception of narrative can help to replace the meaning that people experience as lost once they abandon belief in God.


A lot of systems (operating systems, database systems, distributed systems, information systems) can be described, form the point of view of reliability, like a multi-state system. The multi-state system is investigated in this paper as an object of reliability analysis. In this case, the system and its component may experience more than two states of reliability as opposed to the binary system (the system and its components are allowed to have only two possible states: completed failure and perfect functioning). The mathematical model of the multi-state system is improved. We examine the system to allow a different number of discrete states for the system and for each component we propose to apply dynamic reliability indices for investigation of this system. These indices estimate the influence upon the multi-state system reliability.


Summarized from the theories on experiential learning by progressive educators such as Kurt Lewin, John Dewey and Piaget, David Kolb, etc., experiential learning is the process of learners' gaining the sense of initiatives and active participation to acquire new knowledge and create new experiences.Vietnam in the current trend of educational reform has adopted the policy of redesigning the general education program in the direction of developing learners' capacities and ensuring the all-round development of learners' personality. In the new general education program which was officially launched in August 2017 by Vietnam Ministry of Education and Training, experimental activities were incorporated into to serve as a compulsory educational activity from the primary to high school levels with the goal of helping learners to form and develop competencies such as the capacities to adapt to life, to design and organize activities, to effectively carry out career orientation through the theme of activities associated with contents about their own lives, homelands, country and people. As a result, Vietnam schools in the dawn of the 21 st century need to face a great number of fundamental and comprehensive innovations from the way they manage teaching and learning activities, content and teaching methodology and the assessment of learners' learning process. In the face of these challenges, principals play a number of new roles such as initiation, implementation, and support for specific typical changes in the current period (Fullan, 2001, Bush & Glover, 2014). The paper will clarify the leading role perceived by the school principal in order to ensure the implementation of experiential activities and its effectiveness in the process of Vietnam education reform.


Objective: Antioxidants are vital substances which possess the ability to protect the body from damage caused by free radical-induced oxidative stress. The purpose of this study is to determine antioxidant activities of alkaloid fractions of Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC. fruits.Methods: Z. acanthopodium DC. fruit was extracted by maceration. Ethanol extract was fractionated with liquid-liquid extraction using n-hexane and chloroform at pH 3, 7, 9, and 11 to obtained alkaloid fractions. Antioxidant activity for extract and fractions was determined with 1,1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl.Results: The IC50 of extract and fractions was 101.11±0.11, 273.24±0.12, 116.62±0.04, 61.12±0.01, 23.15±0.01, and 112.39±0.04 I¼g/mL, respectively.Conclusion: The results reveal that alkaloid fractions of Z. acanthopodium DC. fruit have very strong antioxidant potential. Our further study is to isolate the alkaloid compounds.


Recently, a new lidar technique for atmospheric remote sensing based on Scheimpflug principle referred to as Scheimpflug lidar (SLidar) [1-3], was developed. When a laser beam is transmitted into the atmosphere, the implication of the Scheimpflug principle is that the backscattering echo of the entire illuminated probe volume can still be in focus simultaneously without diminishing the aperture, as long as the object plane (laser beam, or planeoffocus), image plane and the lens plane intersect with each other. The backscattering echo of the transmitted laser beam is then anglularly resolved by using a tilted line scan or two-dimensional CCD/CMOS camera satisfying the Scheimpflug principle Thus, continuous-wave (CW) light sources, such as diode lasers, can be employed for range-resolved remote sensing instead of using complicated nanosecond-scale pulsed light sources as in the cases of conventional lidar techniques. A robust and inexpensive SLidar system based on compact laser diodes and array detectors has been developed, which greatly reduces the system complexity and cost compared to conventional pulsed lidar techniques. A proof-of-principle demonstration of CW differential absorption lidar (CW-DIAL) based on the SLidar technique is presented. By utilizing a 30mW narrowband (10 MHz) CW laser diode emitting at around 760 nm, the detailed shape of an oxygen absorption line can be resolved remotely, and the range-resolved oxygen concentration can be retrieved as well. Further, continuous atmospheric aerosol monitoring with a 3.2W 808nm laser diode and an area CMOS sensor was also performed during daytime. The promising results demonstrated in the work show great potential for the SLidar technique for remote atmospheric aerosol and gas sensing, and renews hope for robust and realistic instrumentation for atmospheric lidar sensing.


The further diffusion of Islamism in Central Asia hindered the diffusion of Buddhism along the Silk Road.The emergence of Tubo Local Kingdom with its connection with the Tang Dynasty and Nepal offered a new way for Buddhism diffusion by land in East Asia.This turn from the early northwest Silk Road to the southwest through the Hengduan Mountains and the Himalayas went further to India,Nepal,Burma,South Asia and Southeast Asia.It helped turn the early isolated salt-transportation road into a road-network of transportation,which laid a good foundation for the up-coming Tea-Horse Ancient Road through the Hengduan Mountains and the Himalayas.


Phonetic competence is important for the enhancement of students' listening,speaking,reading and writing competence.The quality of Phonetics teaching plays a decisive role in students' English competence in rural middle schools.This paper analyzes the factors affecting students' English phonetic competence and discusses the countermeasures to overcome these negative factors.


When Robert Koch published his groundbreaking paper on the aetiology of tuberculosis (TB) in 1882, he reported that about a third of the working population died of TB [1]. World TB Day today should remind us not only about the first identification of the tubercle bacillus but also that the main burden of the TB epidemic has shifted from Europe to other regions in the world. The 329,391 reported TB cases in the WHO European Region in 2009 contribute only 5.6% of all newly detected TB cases and relapses in the world, according to the latest report Tuberculosis surveillance in Europe 2009, jointly published by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) and the WHO Regional Office for Europe [2]. Furthermore a sustained decline in TB can be noted with a mean annual reduction of 3.8% between 2005 and 2009, mainly attributable to the highand intermediate-burden countries in the European Union (EU) and European Economic Area (EAA).