Farmers' professional cooperative organization is the new-type rural economic organization spontaneously esablished by farmers who will intend to adapt to the rural and agricultural development needs in the new periods.This paper,taking Wuhan,the central city in central China for example,investigates the social basis,characters and other organizational forms of farmers' professional cooperative organizations and points out that farmers' professional cooperative organization is a new-type rural economic organization in the new periods and the effective carrier to take up modern urban agriculture.This paper finally concludes that it is quite necessary to develop farmers' professional cooperative organization so that the cooperative organization will become the important industrial organization basis in modern urban agriculture and in rural areas.


lived experiences, which reveals that women did not always offer this care themselves but instead may have facilitated consultations by paid medical practitioners. The book works through three key themes: information, resources and practice. Each section is broken down into chapters and subsections that investigate different aspects of care in the home. The brevity of some of these sections can be frustrating. For example, a key argument that health-related information was deliberately withheld from sick family members to preserve them from further harm is covered within a few pages. These sections also sometimes feel a little repetitive: nursing care is dealt with briefly in chapter one and chapter seven. A potential weakness of the book is its coverage. Although the author explains that 'south-west England in the seventeenth century had much in common with other parts of England' (7–8), presenting comparable case studies from, at least, the north of England would have greatly strengthened Stobart's conclusions about the nature of selfhelp medicine in England. Nonetheless, the careful analysis of the collections considered illustrates in detail what self-help actually meant and offers readers striking new insights into health care in the seventeenth-century home. Stobart reveals the extent to which the use of self-help was integrated with advice from physicians, surgeons, and apothecaries and the consumption of ready-made medicines, and those made up on prescription. The book thus illustrates that self-help and household medicine did not equate to self-reliance. It was not a precursor to paid-for help; rather household medicine was a complex and fully integrated part of health care practices that operated alongside and often in harmony with the actions and recommendations of medical practitioners.


Using sequence typing methods, we found that healthcare workers on our orthopedic surgery unit were persistent carriers of a limited number of sequence types of Staphylococcus aureus for a limited time. Multilocus sequence typing characterized 3 clonal complexes that accounted for more than 80% of the clonal complexes identified.


Three-dimension camera technology and feed-back system of Aijie movement kinescope adopted Were to abstract the related kinematics parameter,according to the theory of sport biomechanics,training and statistics,contract the jumping technology of Chinese and foreign men high jumpers.The result shows:there are significant difference between Chinese and foreigners both in the height H1 at the jumping movement and the rising height H2.The Chinese pose at the jumping movement isn't proper and no favorable trigger is formed during the amortizeing stage,and the shringkage capability of the starting leg is weak.


Based on the research of parallel-switch-linear hybrid envelope tracking (ET) power supply, this paper proposes a new topology where a multilevel structure converter in parallel with a linear amplifier. Adopting discrete level modulation, the converter operates each switcher only once during every tracking period. So it can achieve higher tracking bandwidth with the same switching frequency, compared to other schemes. Due to the poor anti-jamming capability of the comparators used in control circuits, the bandwidth must be lowered to suppress the high frequency noise. However, the low bandwidth leads to the limited loop gain at the tracking frequency, which is unable to reduce the load admittances of linear amplifier, forcing it to output an extra fundamental wave current component. This decreases the system efficiency greatly. The full feed-forward of the output voltage scheme is adopted to eliminate the influences from the output voltage to the linear amplifier output current. A prototype is built aiming for 300kHz sine wave tracking, with 10V~26V output voltage and 50W peak output power. The experimental results verify the effectiveness of theoretical analysis.


In practice it happens very frequently that yarn of certain fineness, which creates desired colour effect on the woven fabrics surface, is not available. In consequence an available yarn of different fineness has to be used instead, which can be observed on the woven fabrics as a colour deviation compared with the desired effect. The aim of this research is the possibility of colour values corrections of woven fabrics by changes of constructional parameters. Simulations of woven fabrics are used for this purpose. In the case described weft the yarn of higher fineness is substituted by the yarn of lower fineness and equal colour values. Three possible ways of colour values correction by changes of constructional parameters of the woven fabric are presented. In the first case, the colour difference is corrected by increase of the weft threads density, the second way of correction consists in the change of warp yarn fineness, and the third in decreasing of warp threads density. The basic purpose of all the three types of correction is the equally change of warp and weft contents in one colour rapport of the woven structure. In the experimental part of our work, the colour values L*, a* and b*, and colour differences DE*ab are investigated theoretically (using calculations on the basis of theoretical defined fractions, and L*, a*, and b* values of yarns), as well as spectrophotometrically, on the basis of printouts of simulations of woven fabrics prepared with the use of Arahne CAD system. Two ways of determination of colour values of simulations and three types of corrections are evaluated in the conclusions. It was find out that the correction with the increase of weft thread density is the most successful, and the DE*ab values are minimal.


Sandwich radomes are being utilized with numerous secondary surveillance radars (SSR) and in weather radar applications. System performance requirements place increasing demands on radome design with tighter specifications as a direct consequence of the rapid growth and advancement of modern radar and communication systems. Radomes used in these modern systems require low transmission loss and improved boresight shift, cross-polarization, sidelobe degradation and reflection than was previously achieved. In most of these applications, the panels are designed with a quasirandom configuration that is optimized for minimum transmission loss over moderate bandwidths. The joints between each panel of these advanced sandwich radomes are tuned with frequency selective elements to reduce the scattering level and achieve high transmissivity (>95%). To obtain a high performance radome, one should consider both reducing the scattering from the individual joints and optimizing the joint geometry. The basic parameter which determines the scattering characteristics of a radome joint is the induced field ratio (IFR). The IFR is the ratio of the forward field scattered by the joint to the field that would be radiated by the geometrical shadow area of the joint containing that incident field if the joint was not present. IFR measurement results for a tuned radome joint are illustrated.<<ETX>>


The sizes of 1034 Great Tit clutches were studied at the Oulu area (c. 65°N, 25°30′E) in northern Finland. The average size was 9.86 eggs in the first clutch and 7.51 in the second in 13 study areas. The decrease in clutch size from the first to the second laying was most pronounced in those females laying the largest first clutches.

Irrespective of habitat, the clutch size was larger in the sparsely populated areas than in the densest area (Taskila). The clutch size decreased according to the season in all the areas, but this was not as pronounced in Taskila as in the other areas.

The annual average size of the first clutches was inversely related to the breeding density and pronouncedly so to the mean dale of laying. The latter was suggested to be an adaptation to the short season in the northern areas.

An analysis of data from 27 study areas in Europe, north of the Mediterranean region, suggests that the clutch size does not vary with latitude or longitude.


Section I / From Case Formulation to Treatment Planning: Using a Problem-Solving Model / One Size Fits All: The Cognitive Behavior Therapist as Problem Solver / Applying the Problem-Solving Model to Cognitive-Behavioral Case Formulation / Applying the Problem-Solving Model to Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment Design / How to Use this Outpatient Treatment Guidebook Section II / Specific Disorders and Problems / Depression / Specific Phobia / Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia / Generalized Anxiety / Social Anxiety / Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Post-traumatic Stress Disorder / Borderline Personality Disorder / Male Erectile Disorder / Couple Distress / Anger Problems Appendices / Quick Guides to Treatment Design / Descriptions of CBT Treatment Strategies


The aim of the research are to describe : 1) influence of school operations subsidy towards students academic achievement at Islamic Elementariy School (MI) at Banjarejo. 2) influence of parents motivation towards students academic achievement at Islamic Elementariy School (MI) at Banjarejo. 3) influence of school operations subsidy and parents motivation towards students academic achievement at Islamic Elementariy School (MI) at Banjarejo.
The type of the research is a quantitative research. The data obtained using covered questionnaires with stratified random technique is a way to obtain the data at random and based on the criteria. The questionnaire was completed by 195 respondents (20% of 975 population) of MI at Banjarejo Blora. The data were analyzed using the technique of "Multiple Correlation Analysis". While testing the hypothesis using product moment analysis comparing the count of r with table of r to know the relationship between the use of the school operations subsidy, Parents Motivation to student achievement at MI at Banjarejo.
The results of this research show that: 1) There is no significant influence between the use of the School Operations Subsidy towards student academic achievement at MI at Banjarejo Blora. Only 21.5% of students at MI at Banjarejo who feel the impact of maximal utilization of BOS, 24.1% of students feel that the BOS utilization is still low, and 54.4% felt in the medium category. 2) There is no significant influence between the parents motivation towards student academic achievement at MI at Banjarejo Blora. The results showed that only 9.2% of parents who give motivation to the child to the maximum, 33.3% giving motivation in the low category, while 57.4% in the medium category. 3) There is no significant influence between the use of the School Operations Subsidy and the parents motivation toward student academic achievement at MI at Banjarejo Blora. The relationship between the use of the School Operations Subsidy (BOS) and the parents motivation toward student academic achievement are positive, that mean the higher utilization of BOS and motivation by the parents, the higher the academic achievement of students at MI at Banjarejo Blora. It is clear that the School Operations Subsidy (BOS) at MI at Banjarejo not maximum utilized. Similarly, the motivation of the parents have not given to the maximum.


DSTATCOM (Distribution STATic COMpensator) is used for reactive power compensation, harmonics elimination, zero voltage regulation, power factor correction, neutral current compensation and unbalance caused by various loads in the distribution system. This paper presents a comparative study of the performance of different control algorithms for the control of DSTATCOM which are named as Character of Triangle Function control algorithm(CTF), IcosineФ based Isolated Topology with Unipolar Switching control algorithm and Adaptive Theory Based Improved Linear Sinusoidal Tracer control algorithm(ILST). These algorithms are used for extraction of load fundamental active and reactive power components of currents which are used for estimation of reference source currents. These schemes are simulated under the MATLAB environment using SIMULINK and PSB toolboxes. Simulation and experimental results represents the performance of these schemes for the control of DSTATCOM. KeywordsCharacter of Triangle Function(CTF), IcosineФ, Adaptive Theory based Improved Linear Sinusoidal Tracer (ILST). International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) ISSN: 2278-0181 Published by, www.ijert.org ACMEE 2016 Conference Proceedings Volume 4, Issue 15 Special Issue 2016


High precision mass measurements are performed at the SMILETRAP facility by measuring the cyclotron frequencies of ions trapped in the electric and magnetic fields of a Penning trap. Since the resolving power increases linearly with the ion charge state, the SMILETRAP experiment is connected to an Electron Beam Ion Source (EBIS). Using this technique we have shown that we are able to measure routinely the mass of any stable element within 1 ppb accuracy. Examples of some of the recent mass measurements and their possible applications for various fields of atomic and nuclear physics are given.


We introduce a concept for continuous adaptation of radiation treatment plans and optimisation of dose distri- butions in treatments for head-and-neck cancer. This ap- proach is based on a modified-daemons-type deformable image registration algorithm for the elastic propagation of tissue-delineations to consecutive CT-scans. We found that both dose coverage of target volumes and sparing of healthy tissues can be improved by using this approach. Further- more our software enables us to prognosticate dosimetric changes based on statistical analysis of deformation vectors, thus reducing the reducing the workload in adaptive radia- tion therapy.


The choice of co-ordinates in the calculation of electromagnetic fields is difficult because the direction of the field varies from point to point. It is, therefore, desirable to use methods which are co-ordinate-free and are based on geometry rather than algebraic equations. Variational methods are particularly appropriate for systems dealing with geometrical objects having varying curvature. such methods exist for mechanical systems and some of the results can be transferred to electromagnetics. It is shown that the geometrical approach to electromagnetics unifies the subject and that it gives guidance in the choice of simple numerical methods of calculation.


A method is presented to measure materials and extract the complex permittivity without using classic VNA calibrations and time-gating. It is based on frequency selective normalization, analyzing error-terms and multiple-reflection phenomena. Measurement results (in free-space) are presented in 75-110 GHz and 500-750 GHz bands. The new normalization technique reduces uncertainties and simplifies the process.


There is a dual purpose that informal groups have influences on the mergence of combining universities. There is a possibility to weaken structure relationship of the formal groups, to influence realization of the mergence targets, and to cause unhealthy tendency, but there is also another possibility to increase a satisfaction of the group numbers in the psychology and emotion, to strengthen communication and feedback of information, and to make up for the functional shortage of formal groups in the merged universities. The positive effect of the informal groups should be brought into full play while their negative influences should be inhibited.


During a recent series of invited lectures in continental Europe and North America, it became apparent that many medical students have a rather modest grasp of the manner in which the Fallopian tubes act to promote successful fertilisation. Indeed, few members of such audiences were even prepared to indicate where the site of fertilisation in the female tract might be, let alone to suggest why the ampullary-isthmic region of the Fallopian tube is the one in which sperm-egg contact is usually initiated. Whilst it is still not certain whether the preliminaries to human fertilisation in vivo correspond in detail with events observed in laboratory and farm species, reference to findings in experimental animals should prove valuable in prompting well-designed studies in our own species. The nub of the question broached in the following paragraphs is precisely where has the fertilising spermatozoon resided in the human female tract if conception follows from coitus some two days or more before ovulation? Extensive and carefully-timed studies in laboratory and farm animals have all indicated that the caudal isthmus of the Fallopian tubes acts as the functional sperm reservoir the site wherein those spermatozoa that will fertilise the eggs are stored prior to the events of ovulation (reviewed 1, 2, 3 , 4, 5. 6. 7, 8, 9, 10). Spermatozoa gaining this portion of the duct system undergo suppression of motility and binding to the epithelium before ovulation; in other words, they are arrested and stabilised to maintain viability during a phase of storage. Close to the time of ovulation. although shortly before actual shedding of the oocyte(s) rather than as a consequence, spermatozoa commence to be activated and released from this reservoir in a tightly-regulated manner. Because of the extensive pre-ovulatory interval in domestic farm animals (2642 hours, comparable with the gonadotrophin surge to ovulation interval in women), the chronology of these events can be dissected and commented on with confidence. For example, in sheep mated at the onset of receptivity (estrus), viable spermatozoa are arrested in the caudal isthmus for most of the 26 hour pre-ovulatory interval, only progressing to the site of fertilisation shortly before ovulation (1 1). In pigs mated at the onset of estrus, competent spermatozoa are arrested in the caudal isthmus for 36-38 hours of the 4 1 4 2 hour pre-ovulatory interval (12). Entry of the products of ovulation into the ampulla may enhance the release of spermatozoa from the caudal isthmus (1 3), but sperm:egg ratios in the mid portion of the Fallopian tube at the time of initial penetration of the egg there are close to unity. This ratio generally increases substantially after fertilisation has been completed and a permanent block to polyspermy has been established in the egg membranes. Repeated or multiple mating of sheep and pigs seems not to displace viable spermatozoa from the pre-ovulatory storage site (1 1, 12, 14), despite evidence of contractile activity in the uterus. Either


The toxicities of CO2 to Stegobium paniceum were studied at concentrations of 10%, 30%, 50%, 70% and 90%. The results showed that toxicity to S. paniceum increased with the concentration of CO2. Besides, S. paniceum adults and larvae showed different susceptibilities to the CO2 stress. Under 10% CO2, the LT50 and LT99 of adults were 22.39 h, 92.36 h, and those of larvae were 442.13 h, 1853.56 h, respectively. When treated by 90% CO2, the LT50 and LT99 of adults were 6.89 h, 15.83 h, and those of larvae were 18.76 h and 60.58 h, respectively. In addition, after treatment with CO2 concentrations, lower polysaccharides and higher soluble protein contents(except for the 90% CO2 for protein) were detected in the dead adults than in larvae. Under 50%, 70% and 90% CO2 concentrations, the polysaccharides contents were 7.65, 9.08 and 10.45 μg/insect in adults, and 8.12, 9.94 and 11.02 μg/insect in larvae, respectively. Under 30% and 70% CO2 concentrations, the soluble protein contents were 127.66 and 155.98 μg/insect in adults, and 110.46 and 142.25 μg/insect in larvae, respectively. Regardless of the CO2 concentration, polysaccharides were metabolized at a higher rate than soluble protein, although metabolism rates of both polysaccharides and protein decreased with increase in CO2 concentration. Besides, both polysaccharides and soluble protein were metabolized at a higher rate in larvae than in adults. Under 10% CO2, the metabolism rates of polysaccharides and protein were 68.53% and 51.02% in adults, 71.87% and 59.66% in larvae, respectively. Under 90% CO2, the metabolism rates were 22.74% and 7.05% in adults, 33.89% and 18.07% in larvae, respectively. The results indicate that polysaccharides is the primary energy source, compared with soluble protein, in the beetle's response to CO2 stress, and that S. paniceum larvae is more tolerant to CO2 stress than adults.


Kallmann syndrome (KS) is defined by the combination of isolated hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism (IHH) and anosmia, with renal agenesis occurring in 30% of KS cases with KAL1 gene mutations. Unlike other KS‐related disorders, renal agenesis cannot be directly associated with mutations in the KAL1 gene. We hypothesized that protein interaction networks may suggest a link between genes currently known to be associated with KS on the one hand and those associated with renal agenesis on the other hand.


This paper revisits the often-claimed correlation between the restrictive/appositive distinction in Mandarin relative clauses (RC) and their pre-/post-demonstrative position (Chao 1968; Huang 1998; Lin 2003 a.o.). We show that different uses of the demonstrative should be controlled for in establishing the correlation, a novel perspective which reconciles the conflicting claims noted in the literature. In particular, we argue that (i) only when the demonstrative is used deictically, the pre-/post-demonstrative position makes a difference such that pre-demonstrative RCs can only be appositive while post-demonstrative RCs can be either appositive or restrictive; and (ii) when the demonstrative is used anaphorically, the position of RCs does not determine its appositive/restrictive status. The new patterns can be accounted for by extending some analyses of strong definites (Elbourne 2005; Schwarz 2009; Jenks 2018) to Mandarin demonstratives, recognizing a structural distinction between the deictic use and the anaphoric use. The current proposal has implications for studies on demonstratives.


This paper researches teaching methods of College Chinese systematically,and proposes a series of methods about how to improve the teaching effect,which include telling content on the background of culture and literary history,using mature multi–media in teaching,attaching importance to learning after the class,and stimulating students' interest in many ways.


Some new pieces he has fitted into the literary portrait of Vergil, which, like that preserved at Tunis, is a mosaic. For this all lovers of Vergil would thank him, even were his results more scanty and less probable than they are. And English scholars will thank Mr. Blackwell for having included an English edition of this volume in his fresh and various and helpful series of 1 Vergilian Studies.'


The modelling of road traffic is a very interesting area for interdisciplinary studies. Physics also offers some methodology to describe the relations between different factors influencing it. In our paper we present some studies concerning the different types of intersections, the efficiency of traffic on them and the most important factors determining it. We allow also to increase the values of flow on the road using modified Nagel-Schreckenberg model. We present fundamental diagram for this modified model and the plots showing the flows on all roads forming the intersection.


Study Design. A case of a patient in whom vertebral osteonecrosis developed after intradiscal electrothermal therapy is reported. Objective. To illustrate a potential complication of intradiscal electrothermal therapy and potential strategies to avoid it. Summary of Background Data. Thermal energy delivered in a controlled fashion directly to the annular wall and disc nucleus has been developed as an alternative to surgical methods for treating internal disc disruption. Although 2-year follow-up data are available, few complications and no vertebral body injury have been reported. Methods. After intradiscal electrothermal therapy, a patient exhibited MRI changes consistent with osteonecrosis in the adjacent vertebral body. The clinical and radiologic findings are presented, along with a review of the pertinent literature. Results. The magnetic resonance images, the temporal relation of intradiscal therapy, and the patient's clinical symptoms are consistent with focal osteonecrosis of the vertebral body. Conclusions. This case study highlights a potential complication of intradiscal electrothermal therapy. Catheter placement may expose cortical and cancellous bone to temperatures well within the range reported to induce necrosis. In addition, focal disruption of the endplate may prove to be a relative contraindication for intradiscal electrothermal therapy.


The year 2003 will mark the fortieth anniversary of the publication of E.P. Thompson's The Making of the English Working Class, widely regarded as the key text inspiring the revival of social history in the United States. Before Thompson's Dickensian analysis of class consciousness and formation burst onto the American scene, social historians on this side of the Atlantic wallowed in the shadow of intellectual history, their endeavor often trivialized as history with the politics left out. This, of course, all changed in the 1960s and especially the 1970s when a generation of baby-boomers, influenced by the political movements and cataclysms of their day, transformed social history into a vehicle for social critique and consciousness raising. While much of it still ignored politics proper, this sixties-inspired social history posed clear and convincing alternatives to "consensus" history. The subsequent dominance of social history resulted in the shrinking of differences between it and rival fields of American history. The reason had to do with more than the overall blurring of genres taking place between history and the social sciences. The rise in status of social history made its practitioners less defensive about incorporating new methodologies and appropriating from traditional fields such as political history. It was much easier to borrow as an equal than as an inferior. One of the unfortunate consequences of social history's expansion in conceptual territory and methodological practice was that it lost coherence. While social historians never had marched in lockstep, there was, in the


work in the Medical Library was highly appreciated by the members of the Medico-Chirurgical Society. Mr. Eycott was appointed to the Medical Library in October, 1924, after holding a post in the Library of the Royal College of Physicians, London. He came, therefore, equipped with a wide knowledge of medical literature which he willingly placed at the disposal of readers in our library. The part he played in the production of this journal might pass unrecognized if the editorial committee were not to acknowledge his valuable help in proof reading, sending out and collecting books for review, and


Photoreaction of diketene with benzoyl azide (1a) gave 1-benzoyl-4-hydroxy-3-pyrrolin-2-one (2a). Similarly, diketene reacted with p-anisoyl azide (1b), p-chlorobenzoyl azide (1c), and p-toluoyl azide (1d) to give the corresponding 1-aroyl-4-hydroxy-3-pyrrolin-2-ones (2b,c and d).


In Nigeria, poor construction project performance is a cause of concern in the construction sector. It is on record that several construction projects executed in the country faced several challenges that vary in degree from minor issues to complex type. Many factors have been raised as source or cause of such challenges by professionals and researchers basically because of its' adverse impact on the economic and social growths. The construction environment in Nigeria is another challenge in the area of construction project performance, although, some researchers have attributed the success of Nigerian construction Industry to the utilisation of construction project management system. This paper review High performance work practices through human resources management as a possible boost to the Nigerian Construction project performance. The main objective is to assess the impact of high-performance work practices (HPWP) on the construction project performance in Nigeria. For substantial evidence, this study engaged a cross-sectional survey research design. Questionnaires were used to collect data from respondents. About Eighty-four (84) research questionnaire were retrieved after distribution of 110 questionnaires, representing 76.36% response rate. The respondents consist of 38 Line managers, 23 Construction managers, 12 Project managers and 11 Site Engineers. Smart PLS software was used to do the analysis, the findings showed that HPWP practices has positive significant on the performance of construction project in Lagos state of Nigeria. But there must be adequate awareness and effective utilisation of the HPWPs for effective result. © 2019 Published by Future Academy www.FutureAcademy.org.UK


Notes and other inputs may be input directly to a computer-based content. Notes may comprise a portable computer from the metadata based on the content of the recording computing device. And storing the metadata input and a second computing device based on the content of a communication of a computer display once the portable computing device, the input will be displayed near the displayed content based on a computer when creating the input.


Dissolved arsenic containing yellow phosphorus is cooled to crystallize and filtered, and the crystal is washed to obtain yellow phosphorus with low arsenic content. The resultant filtrate and washing liquid are distilled and separated separately to obtain solvent and washing agent as well as yellow phosphorus with high arsenic content for reuse. The said process may obtain arsenic eliminating rate of 40% in once crystallization and high-purity yellow phosphorus through 2-10 times crystallization. The said process has low energy consumption, safe operation condition and short separation period, and the stage-wise treating method has high yellow phosphorus yield, no pollutant drainage, high product quality and low production cost.


Cyclohexandiol propane diacrylate was obtained by the direct esterifying method with sulphuric acid as Catalyst, cyclohexane as dehydrant, and p-metheroxyl phenol as retarded. The influences of function and the content of promoter initially was discussed. A suitable synthetic technology route was given.


The progress in building large quantum states and networks requires sophisticated detection techniques to verify the desired operation. To achieve this aim, a cost- and resource-efficient detection method is the time multiplexing of photonic states. This design is assumed to be efficiently scalable; however, it is restricted by inevitable losses and limited detection efficiencies. Here, we investigate the scalability of time-multiplexed detectors under the effects of fiber dispersion and losses. We use the distinguishability of Fock states up to $n=20$ after passing the time-multiplexed detector as our figure of merit and find that, for realistic setup efficiencies of $\eta=0.85$, the optimal size for time-multiplexed detectors is 256 bins.


Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether (mPEG) was introduced into a glycidyl methacrylate-modified styrenic thermoplastic elastomer graft copolymer via a ring-opening reaction with the epoxy group. The chemical compositions of the samples were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, H-1-NMR spectroscopy, and gel permeation chromatography. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and water contact angle measurement were used to investigate the surface properties. The results show that the molecular weight of the mPEG monomer had a great effect on the surface properties of the modified samples. The platelet adhesion and protein adsorption of the samples modified with low-molecular-weight mPEG were reduced dramatically relative to those of the virgin styrenic thermoplastic elastomer. (c) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


In this work we present a multibiometric face recognition framework based on combining information from 2D with 3D facial features. The 3D biometrics channel is protected by a privacy enhancing technology, which uses error correcting codes and cryptographic primitives to safeguard the privacy of the users of the biometric system at the same time enabling accurate matching through fusion with 2D. Experiments are conducted to compare the matching performance of such multibiometric systems with the individual biometric channels working alone and with unprotected multibiometric systems. The results show that the proposed hybrid system incorporating template protection, match and in some cases exceed the performance of corresponding unprotected equivalents, in addition to offering the additional privacy protection.


This paper describes the implementation of system estimating outdoor position system with three GPS and one IMU sensor. The accuracy of three low-cost GPS which have large instantaneous error are supplemented by using The center of the triangular method and system that has more accurate estimation of position is designed by combining three GPS and one IMU sensor through EKF. And also data values overflowed are eliminated to gain more precise data values with utilization of Mahalanobis Distance. Through experiment, it can verify the results compared single GPS and multi-GPS position error, and then calibrated mobile robot position estimation results can be found.


The nuclear medicine image is composed primarily of contrast information with very little detail information. The reasons for low resolution images in nuclear medicine are many. They include instrument degradation, the nature of the imaged object and conventional methods of recording data on Polaroid film. This paper discussed in some detail the cause of low resolution images in nuclear medicine and possible methods of improving image detail. Recent research in the use of the computer for image improvement is described. Both spatial domain and frequency domain computerized image enhancement were discussed.


Abstract : A cooperative research program, sponsored by the Office, Chief of Engineers, U.S. Army, was conducted in Elliott Bay near Seattle, Wash., to determine the effects of disposal of dredged material from the Duwamish Waterway in open water. The study involved several agencies, both public and private, investigating various aspects of the disposal operation. The research described in this report was conducted by the National Marine Fisheries Service of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration to determine the effects of dredged material disposal on demersal fish and shellfish at the disposal site. It was concluded that the quantity of dredged material dumped during the study did not have a lasting detrimental effect on the demersal fish and shellfish populations at the disposal site. The investigators recommend (a) that any future study include a longer period of time for collecting baseline data, (b) that the characteristics of the reference sites be more comparable to those of the disposal site, and (c) that the disposal operations be conducted in a manner similar to that which is used in actual practice so the results might have general application.


The prevention of food wasted is enough o resolves hunger crises hunger crises. Food is the primary need to sustains the of human being life. Although, many techniques are engages to increase to food production and prevents of hunger and malnutrition of population. Presently, we produce sufficient agriculture food production, by using irrigation, pesticides, chemical fertilizer and high yielding variety. But these, are not seem to meet the enough food demands of present and future population. To encounter the hunger and secure food and nutritional security to need increasing the production and productivity, by using limited resources in sustainable manner and ensure the security of natural resources. The increasing productivity is the obvious choice to supply of food to increasing population. The other alternate way to provided food of available and increased population, the maximum efficiency use of every unit of resources including preventing pre and post harvest losses from insect-pests and diseases, proper and scientific storage of agriculture produces. Because post harvest losses about 30 % of the crops due to this reason.  One third of total foods production annual wasted due to lack of proper infrastructure unscientific handling. The total food lost, wasted in each year in the more than which would be solving the four times hunger crises of population. In the present review article focused on production and losses of agricultural produces.


An antenna arrays are widely used due to its properties in comparison to single element antenna. The possible achievable gain can be much higher, also one of the biggest advantage is the possibility to steer the main radiation beam and cover wider area. The problematic part to obtain maximum achievable directivity for antenna arrays is the corresponding feeding. In this paper, we use the one term sinusoidal current density excitation and more precise King's three-term excitation for optimization of an array of four dipoles for maximum directivity. The goal of this paper is to present a new fast method for antenna array design and to compare its exactness. As an example a four element Yagi-Uda antenna is optimized.


In this article, strategies to model thermo-electrochemical mechanisms occurring in Li-ion batteries are introduced. Two models are presented. The first consists in a numerical model suitable for finite-element method (FEM) simulations. The numerical model was validated by comparing simulation results with experimental data. The second model concerns fast and accurate simulations in a SPICE-compatible software package; such a model is denoted by macrocircuit and accounts for the main thermo-electrochemical effects of batteries. The macrocircuit was (i) validated with FEM simulation results and (ii) proven to be effective in simulations of practical circuits based on batteries. Although both the above modeling strategies were applied to a commercial product, they are suitable for batteries in any technology.


This report presents the findings of LSE London's mid-term social sustainability study of Berkeley Homes' Saffron Square development in central Croydon. It sets out what residents said they appreciate about living at Saffron Square and what they think could be improved; it assesses the quality of design and management of the scheme; and it offers some recommendations for the future of Saffron Square and for similar developments elsewhere.


Recently, two prescription drugs (tamoxifen and raloxifene) have become salient to breast cancer prevention. With the advent of these drugs, referred to as "chemoprevention," a mandate has emerged to classify certain women as high risk for breast cancer to determine a group of legitimate users of the drugs. This article examines the development and standardization of the model used to create such a group of high-risk women. The author argues that while the model remains uncertain and controversial, it has become the standard tool for the many jobs associated with legitimizing chemoprevention use in the United States. It has become the assumed standard—shaping practices, identities, and definitions—through its organizational embeddedness in the multiple practices and public images of chemoprevention despite its uncertainty and widespread critique.


This paper presents an overview of past Delta performance. Two possible methods of using Delta I1 launch vehicle for smaller spacecraft involve launching many satellites with a single launch. These can be similar sized satellites grouped in a variety of configurations or a smaller spacecraft that is piggybacked in available excess space with another payload.


Microdialysis has been utilized for nutritive blood flow measurements, but both the advantages and disadvantages of various approaches have not been evaluated in parallel in the stomach yet. Our aim was to compare the 3H2O efflux technique with biochemical monitoring during temporary celiac artery occlusion in anesthetized rats. Microdialysis probes were implanted in the gastric submucosa and perfused with 3H2O; samples were analyzed for β-activity, glucose, lactate, pyruvate and glycerol. Gastric mucosa and plasma were subjected to morphometry and analysis of myeloperoxidase, total thiols and lactatdehydrogenase. The most dramatic responses to ischemia were observed in lactate/pyruvate and lactate/glucose (%) ratios (6.1–9.3×, p < 0.0001); the changes in 3H2O efflux and glycerol were less pronounced (1.1–1.7×, p < 0.0001 and < 0.01, respectively). 3H2O efflux correlated best with the lactate/glucose ratio and glucose alone (r = 0.693 and −0.681, respectively, p < 0.0001). A correlation was also found between plasma lactatdehydrogenase and relative glycerol release (r = 0.600, p < 0.05). Myeloperoxidase, lactatdehydrogenase and histology score were increased by ischemia/reperfusion (0.06–0.12 nkat g−1, p < 0.05, 0.26–0.44 nkat g−1, p < 0.05 and 1.79–2.33, p < 0.05, respectively), macroscopy and plasma thiols remained unchanged. Microdialysis is useful in monitoring gastric ischemia, metabolic monitoring being superior to the 3H2O efflux technique. The results question the efficacy of the utilized model to produce standardized major gastric damage.


The invention discloses a panoramic video image recording system and method. The system comprises an image acquisition device, an image splicing device and an image transmission device, wherein the image acquisition device is used for collecting a plurality of images respectively from multiple angles at the same time; the image splicing device and the image acquisition device receive the images, and the image splicing device enables the images to be spliced into a panoramic image; the image transmission device is connected with the image splicing device and outputs the panoramic image. Compared with the treatment processes of image acquisition, image transmission, image splicing and image displaying in the prior art, the treatment processes of the panoramic video image recording system are image acquisition, image splicing, panoramic image transmission and panoramic image displaying. The collected images are spliced into the panoramic image before image transmission, a hardware splicing method based on FPGA is adopted preferably, splicing treatment consumes little time, the panoramic image after splicing is transmitted to an image displaying device to be displayed approximately in real time, and therefore real-time monitoring can be achieved on the basis of achieving 360-degree panoramic monitoring.


Worldwide, many countries now have wellestablished national cystic fibrosis (CF) registries that host a wealth of data regarding their patient populations. The investment in developing highquality registries by the CF community is reaping rewards with these rich datasets proving increasingly valuable resources. Registries are providing important insights in the changing demography of the patient with CF population and such data offers a projection of the future requirements for CF healthcare. Epidemiological research uing registry data is helping to gain an understanding of the complications of CF and assess the impact of interventions over time. National registries are also becoming used as platforms for prospective clinical studies to evaluate the efficacy of clinical interventions. In the UK, the Cystic Fibrosis Trust Registry is currently supporting two large National Institute for Health Research funded studies: CF Start (CF START.org.uk) a randomised trial to assess the safety and efficacy of flucloxacillin as a longterm antiStaphylococcal prophylaxis in young children agent for infants with CF in comparison with targeted therapy and CF Storm (www.cfstorm.org.uk) a randomised openlabel trial assessing the impact of withdrawing inhaled mucolytics for patients taking the new cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulator, elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ ivacaftor. Registries can assist with benchmarking between centres to help with quality improvement projects. International comparisons also offer the potential to highlight possible factors for differing outcomes between countries and to identify areas of practice for futurefocussed research. In this month's edition of Thorax, Coriati et al present a collaborative study that uses data in national CF registries to compare survival between their respective countries for people with CF (pwCF). The investigators studied 14 842 patients in Australia, Canada, France and New Zealand between 2015 and 2019. Australia, Canada and New Zealand had similar median ages of survival for pwCF of 53.3, 55.4 and 54.8 years, respectively. The median age of survival in France at 65.9 years was significantly higher than each of the other three countries. The authors suggest that the difference may be related to a higher percentage of lung transplants and lower proportion of deaths without a transplant seen among French patients with CF. They highlight the unique organisation of the French lung transplant programme, with a national high emergency lung transplant programme created in 2007. Lung transplantation is recognised to provide a survival benefit for individuals with CF with severe lung disease. Recently, many patients with CF with advanced lung disease have achieved an improvement or stabilisation of their disease following receipt of recently available highly effective cystic fibrosis transmembrance conductance regulator (CFTR) modulators, often leading to being suspended from lung transplant programmes. However, a recent study by Mitchell et al of ivacaftor, the first available CFTR modulator, for adults with the Gly551Asp CF mutation showed that while ivacaftor lead to significant initial improvements in lung function, over time forced expiratory volume in one second declined and at 5 years had returned to the preivacaftor baseline. Despite CFTR modulation, it seems likely that many adults with CF who had preexisting significant lung damage may still eventually progress to advanced disease and require lung transplantation. The current study supports endeavours to optimise timely access to a lung transplant for those patients with endstage CF lung disease when they will most benefit from this important lifesaving intervention. The authors have made considerable efforts in the design and evaluation of the current study to ensure the robustness of their findings. International comparisons of registrybased information carry a risk of ascertainment bias through differing patient coverage between countries. In the current study, each of the four countries are highincome nations with single payer healthcare systems with the majority of pwCF thought to be captured by their respective registries. As there will be some inherent national differences in population characteristics, including ethnicity and frequency of CF genotypes, the authors have repeated the analysis limiting first to those patients with Phe508del CF genotype and then to those patients with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, a recognised risk for worse outcomes. In each of these further analyses, the differences in survival for pwCF between France in comparison with Australia and Canada were maintained. While the study highlights potential differences in lung transplants between the countries, it was however unable to examine medication practices. A previous study using CF registry data had shown lower lung function between children with CF in the UK in comparison with the USA and also identified a large difference in use of inhaled mucolytics. Previous studies have highlighted the critical importance of harmonisation of national CF registries to fully realise the potential for comparative analyses between countries. This work should continue to be supported by the global CF community both in countries with existing registries and those less wellresourced nations with large CF populations who are still developing their own registries. The value of international comparison in CF has already been established, perhaps most notably in a study comparing nutritional outcomes and survival between the Boston and Toronto CF care centres that lead to the practice of recommending a highfat diet for patients with CF being adopted by care teams across the world. A more recent study from the CF Registry Global Harmonization Group collated data from 13 counties to help provide an understanding of the impact of SARSCoV2 infection for children with CF in the early stages of the recent pandemic. In summary, the study by Coriati et al provides intriguing findings on discrepancies in survival for pwCF in four highincome nations, with a significantly higher survival in France in comparison to Australia, Canada and New Zealand. The current study highlights the increasing potential of highquality patient registries to examine international differences in clinical outcomes. The authors cite the Manchester Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester Foundation NHS Trust, Manchester, UK Division of Infection, Immunity & Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK


Graphical displays of information are among the most common decision aids available. Recent research has focused upon the effect that inappropriately prepared graphs may have on decision-making. This paper adds to the body of literature on graphical information presentation by demonstrating that a graph can result in biased information extraction due to visual illusion. The experimental results indicate that decision makers can fall prey to the so-called "Poggendorff illusion" and either systematically underestimate or systematically overestimate the values displayed on a cost-volume-profit graph. In addition, the results of this research suggest that the bias can be moderated by the inclusion of horizontal gridlines on graphs. The addition of horizontal gridlines also reduces the variance in some values decision makers extract from graphs. Accordingly, a graph preparation guideline should be followed to avoid the bias and high variance in information extraction - Horizontal gridlines should be included on all line graphs.


Abstract I address the relationship between Barbauld's and Pope's verse characters, exploring their common engagement in the eighteenth-century debate first sparked by John Locke's claim in An Essay Concerning Human Understanding (1694) "that self is not determined by Identity… of Substance… but only by Identity of consciousness". I note that Barbauld expresses much less anxiety than Pope concerning the implications of Lock's theory of self-in-consciousness. Indeed, Barbauld's "Characters" suggest an attempt to develop some of the feminist implications of Locke's statements about the nature and identity of the self. In these poems the author challenges certain persisting hegemonic assumptions about the sexes, although there are also signs of resistance to the most radical feminist implications of the theory of self-in-consciousness. The "Characters" finally aim at stabilising the relationship between gender and identity in a way that affirms the sexual division of labour, even as they stress the value of women's work.


Demand for the femtocell is largely credited to the surge in a more always best connected communication conscious public. 3GPP define new architecture and security requirement for Release 9 to deal with femtocell, Home eNode B referred as HeNB. In this paper, we analyze the HeNB security with respect to mutual authentication, access control, and secure key agreement. Our analysis pointed out that a number of security vulnerabilities have still not been addressed and solved by 3GPP technical specification. These include eavesdropping, man-in-the-middle attack, compromising subscriber access list, and masquerading as valid HeNB. To the best of our knowledge, any related research studying HeNB security was not published before. Towards this end, this paper proposes an improved authentication and key agreement mechanism for HeNB which adapts proxy-signature and proxy-signed proxy-signature. Through our elaborate analysis, we conclude that the proposed not only prevents the various security threats but also accomplishes minimum distance from user-tolerable authentication delay.


Exploratory case studies investigated the day care benefit from the multiple perspectives of the person with dementia, caregiver, and day care worker. The routines, daily processes, and factors promoting benefit were reported. The day care client was also queried to explore their ability to contribute useful information about their care environment. The adult day care is primarily a social occasion for its clients, who enjoy the benefits of companionship and interaction. Day cares were differentiated by the environmental features: worker:client ratio, size, suitability of the site for intended purpose, quality of clientworker relationships, and quality of the activities offered. The quality of each of these features is an important component in the day care environment. All components at their highest quality are not necessary for the environment to be beneficial. The most important factors contributing to day care quality were workers who (1) communicated safety to the client through a relaxed, uncritical environment, and (2) facilitated client stimulation through activity and personal interaction, satisfying the clients' basic needs to be safe and occupied. This evaluation was comprised of: two sets of case studies. Each evaluation was concurrently conducted and consistently designed. Participant observation and survey were the primary methods of data collection. Informed consent was sought from day care clients with dementia, family caregivers, and day care workers.


Fouling indices for evaluating fouling propensity of secondary effluents (SEF) as feed of ultrafiltration (UF) systems are important parameters for the design and operation of the UF process. However, limited fouling indices have been developed and applied for UF feedwater. This study (i) established a modified UF fouling index (MFI40) by raising operating pressure from 30 psi in a traditional MFI test to 40 psi. Standard deviation of MFI40 tests was lower than that of traditional MFI by 68.6%, indicating better stability and repeatability of MFI40. It (ii) investigated the combined effects of UF feedwater characteristics on MFI40. Biopolymers and turbidity played a dominant and secondary positive role in the MFI40, respectively. The effect of conductivity on MFI40 changed from positive to negative with a turbidity increase. It also (iii) validated the MFI40 in both laboratory- and pilot-scale UF membrane units, and UF fouling rates were linearly correlated to the MFI40 of their feeds, and (iv) explored the practical use of the MFI40. It was applied to determine the maximum allowable UF feedwater quality (MFI40max), which could be used to select an appropriate pre-treatment process. A fouling predicting model was established based on the feedwater MFI40 and the operating flux, with an average predicting error of 26.8%.


There are few computational models of second language acquisition (SLA). At the same time, many questions in the field of SLA remain unanswered. In particular, SLA patterns are difficult to study due to the large amount of variation between human learners. We present a computational model of second language construction learning that allows manipulating specific parameters such as age of onset and amount of exposure. We use the model to study general developmental patterns of SLA and two specific effects sometimes found in empirical studies: construction priming and a facilitatory effect of skewed frequencies in the input. Our simulations replicate the expected SLA patterns as well as the two effects. Our model can be used in further studies of various SLA phenomena.


It is a research in which the participants are selected between individuals who already have the disease (cases) and between individuals who do not have it (controls); in each of these two groups, the number of exposed individuals is verified, to some risk factor. The goal is to check the possible causal association between exposure to risk factors and disease in study. If the factor is associated with the disease, the factor ratio between the cases will be greater than the same proportion between the controls. This type of study has great application for assitutions in that the disease is relatively infrequent and the time elapsed between exposure to risk and evidence of its effect is long. Case-control studies have limited ethical there is no intervention or prospective observation of risk exposures [1-7].


Shorea balangeran is a potential paludicultural commodity for industry and a medicinal commodity for malaria, diabetes, and diarrhea. This type of plant has proven to be very good for peatland restoration, but it takes a long time to take advantage of the timber. This study aims to analyze the financial feasibility of the S. balangeran plant cultivation business in Tanjung Taruna village. Primary data were gathered through interviews with farmers who grow S. balangeran, while secondary data for some of the assumptions used were gathered from a variety of related literature. The analysis showed that the cultivation was quite feasible, with a positive NPV of IDR. 13,131,668. However, from the calculation of IRR 12%, BCR 1.01, and PP 20 years, it was clear that the business was feasible with a high risk if planted in monoculture. Therefore, the cultivation of S. balangeran needs to be done through intercropping or agroforestry.


The author presents a quantum Langevin equation in the Schrodinger picture. The friction term is motivated by a natural generalisation of Wigner's theorem or, equivalently, of Dirac's superposition principle. The author applies the model to spin relaxation and to the Brownian motion of the harmonic oscillator. In both cases the state vectors evolve asymptotically to a distribution which has the Gibbs state as corresponding density matrix. It is shown that for any initial state, the harmonic oscillator tends to a coherent state.


This research purposes to result teaching material of fractional summation on Indonesia Realistic Mathematic Education (PMRI) basis for class IV of SD N 23 Indralaya and find out dtudent's in enumerating fractional trough activity from informal to formal. The research subject of class IV SD N 23 Indralaya. Researcher used the methods: Design research ( Gravemaije, 2009) designed in 3 stages, i.e. Front – end analysis and  expert review, teaching expriment and reflection, and assessment and evaluation stage. Based  on front- end analysis, teaching material design on PMRI basis in the from of student book and teacher',s. Stage was teaching experiment carried out in class IV and observerped by 4 (four) observers, 3 obsevers observed studens aktivity and 1 (one) obsever which was the researcher erself observer the students and teacher activities, the result (after analyzed) was indicator 1 with the best category, indicator number 2, 3,4,5, 6, 7, and 8 student activity were seen well category, while in indecator numser 9 with poor criteria. Menwhile in the third stage was assessment or evaluatin was carried out to refer the students learning result achievement either daily evaluation or assignments. For daily evaluation result was 97,96% achievement in summsting the efrction with simelar quotation, 85,71% different quotation 65,21% student,s  achiefement in summating mixed fraction and 83,67% student,s achievement in summating defferent quotation fraction with mixed mix praction.The  student's assignment result for the first student who reached ≥ KKM was 33 students (67,30%), second assignment  achievement was 38 students (77,66%), the third  assignment achievement was 40 students (81,63%), and the fourth assignment reached 41 students (83,67%) which generally the assignment result was increasing. Â


Serious problems exist in relation to all current contraceptive methods and the public will have to continue to struggle with these for several more years. Vasectomy is a simple procedure that has become increasingly popular according to Margaret Bones 1975 national survey. Consequently it is extraordinary that the availability of vasectomy free of charge through the National Health Service is so patchy in Britain. In that the procedure is economic in preventive terms and eliminates the need for expenditure on future contraception the question arises as to whether the problem of availability is one of local politics. Interviewing couples about vasectomy is a simple task and can be best done by general practitioners working closely with a family planning or urology department. The departments should offer study days to attract family doctors in the locality and there should be agreed upon criteria for carrying out the operation between surgeon and counselor. The surgeons should be pleased to operate with the fees payable from the Area Health Authority.


The continual growth of the World Wide Web presents the (also growing) population of health information seekers with the challenge of finding reliable information that is appropriate to their needs. Metadata about consumer health websites can provide a guide for end users and domain-specific search tools. In this paper we present and demonstrate a method for automatically inferring a non-trivial metadata attribute that has been encoded for breast cancer websites: whether the site is 'medical' or 'supportive' in tone. We induce decision trees to distinguish Medical vs. Supportive sites based on feature vectors of word co-occurrence patterns, founded in a semantic space model called Hyperspace Analog to Language (HAL). We achieve 82% (95% CI: 74% to 91%) classification accuracy. This should already be a useful capability for human metadata coders or to support on-the-fly queries, and it inspires us to further investigate metadata classifiers based on HAL features.


This paper used caustic dolomite powder that with higher activity and magnesium chloride solution to make dolomite magnesia cement.The compressive strength,phase composition,and form feature of the cement specimens under different matching conditions of magnesium oxide,magnesium chloride and water were studied.Among the researched matching ratio,the cement specimens of the ratio of magnesium oxide,magnesium chloride,and water is 3.38∶1.00∶16.86 and 3.24∶1.00∶16.26 had higher compressive strength,compact structure,and the hydrate gel phase was stable;if the ratio of magnesium chloride is low and the ratio of water is high,it would lead to low compressive strength;on the contrary,it would lead to serious moisture absorption return halogen phenomenon and compressive strength down gradually.


Metaseiulus occidentalis (Nesbitt) is a phytoseiid mite which is commercially available as a biological control agent of spider mites. Genetic manipulation of this phytoseiid species has yielded transgenic strains, but none have been released into the environment. Previous data suggested that M. occidentalis could not survive the wet, humid summers in Florida. A non-transgenic strain of M. occidentalis was released into field plots in Gainesville on soybean plants infested with the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch. Populations were monitored from April-October 1994, and weather data were gathered at the release site. Permethrin-treated barrier rows were monitored to determine if the mites dispersed outside the plots, and aerial dispersal was monitored with sticky traps. Predator and spider-mite populations repeatedly crashed during the summer months, and population growth was negatively correlated with rainfall. CLIMEX, a population growth model which uses climatic factors to determine whether a given poikilothermic species can colonize and persist in new geographic areas, also indicated that M. occidentalis cannot persist through the wet season in Florida, although it may be able to establish and persist through the fall, winter and spring months.


This paper reviews past work on choice set generation for mode of travel to work, identifies the state-of-the-art and relates the various approaches to each other. The activity of modelling choice set generation is investigated in greater detail and a one-stage and two-stage choice set generation procedure are described. It is concluded from the review that choice set generation is an activity that has received little attention in the past, that the success achieved with those studies that have tried to identify choice sets is good and considerable opportunities exist for further development and research in the area. For the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD no 288720. (Author/TRRL)


The manuscript is a worthy contribution to the scientific literature in the following ways: • An innovative article about gastric cancer cases in Brazil. • The journal, because of that, will be able to publish subjects about other country ́s data. • Proves the efficiency of a protocol for data collection and registration of stomach cancer cases. *Correspondence to: Lucas Motta Ganem, Faculty of Medical Sciences of Santa Casa de São Paulo, Rua Cesário Mota Júnior, 61, São Paulo-01221-906, Brazil, Tel: +5511991294041; E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Received: March 02, 2020; Accepted: March 10, 2020; Published: March 13, 2020 Introduction Stomach adenocarcinoma is one of the most frequent in Brazil and is a major cause of death from neoplasms. The high incidence and low cure rates justify research in this area [1]. In addition, other histological types should be mentioned: MALT lymphomas (Mucosal Associated Lymphoid Tissue), gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), sarcomas and other less common. The prospective data collection allows careful monitoring and opens the possibility for research in numerous areas related to this disease. The use of records and techniques identical to the Japanese to perform D2 gastrectomies in Brazil aims to reproduce the good results of the Japanese. Other aspects are: the involvement of pathologists, which improves the quality of histological analysis; rigorous standardization and accuracy in annotations, in addition to photographic documentation, stimulating research in this manner [2]. The use of paper notes associated with the use of electronic data collection platforms allows maintaining the accuracy and security of the collection and analysis, which opens numerous research fronts: epidemiology and prevention, reconstruction techniques, quality of life, evaluation of different staging systems, lymph node dissection, adjuvant and neoadjuvant treatments, endoscopic methods of diagnosis and treatment, molecular studies, palliative treatments, prognosis, minimally invasive surgery, study of tumors other than adenocarcinoma. Thus, we aim to evaluate the efficiency and validate the patient data collection protocol for the following aspects: sex, age, staging, extension of lymphadenectomy, tumor site, Borrmann's macroscopic type, survival time, operability, extension of resection, histological types and subtypes. Demonstrate the efficiency and adequacy of the use of paper and electronic collection. Methods For the prospective data collection, a protocol based on the one created by the National Cancer Center in Tokyo was used. The cases were analyzed from January 1997 (the year in which the paper protocol was instituted in our service) until August 2018. The data were stored in two ways: on paper and through Excel spreadsheets. In the first year of collection, we asked to the previously operated patients authorization to record their data in the same protocol, in order to recover as much data as possible. To define macroscopic types in advanced tumors, it was used Borrmann's classification: type I polypoid, type II ulcerated, type III ulcerative-infiltrative and type IV – diffusely infiltrative. Early tumors were called type 0 for the record and non-classifiable tumors were called type V. Among the early ones, we have Types I protruding, IIa elevated surface, IIb flat surface, IIc depressed surface and type III excavated [3]. For the location of the tumors, we used the classification of the Japanese Association of Gastric Cancer which determines three regions of the stomach: U upper third, M middle third and L – lower third; when there is invasion of the duodenum, it is added the letter D and for the esophagus the letter E. In neoplasms that affect more than one area of the stomach, the first letter is the location where the epicenter or the largest tumor area is found, and then the other letters, also considering the localization. Within the neoplasms of the upper third, we included gastric stump neoplasms and, in those close to cardia, we used the Siewert classification [4]. Ganem LM (2020) Validation of a prospective data collection and registration protocol of stomach cancer cases Volume 6: 2-4 Clin Res Trials, 2020 doi: 10.15761/CRT.1000294 For the staging of adenocarcinoma, we used the International Union Against Cancer (UICC) seventh edition's staging [5]. Lymph node dissections were classified as D0, D1, D1 + and D2 as proposed by the JGCA [6], and in D1 they could be curative or palliative. We also tried to determine the extension of stomach resection: total, subtotal or proximal, and operability. The Mann-Whitney test was used to verify age differences between different sexes.


Objective: To study the effectiveness of family intervention in treating patients with schizophrenia.Methods: 180 patients with schizophrenia were randomly divided into family group(n=80) and control group(n=80),receiving drug treatment and family intervention,and drug treatment only respectively.All the patients were assessed by the Brief Psychiatric Scale(BPRS).Results: The average hospital stay(days) in family group was obviously shorter than in control group(P0.05).Curative effectiveness in family group was more satisfactory than in control group(P(0.05)).The scales of BPRS in family group were lower than in control group(P0.05).The social function and quality of life in family group were better than in control group(P0.01).Conclusion: Family intervention can enhance the efficacy,improve the social function,shorten hospital stay and reduce the readmission rate.


A laboratory evaluation of a new directional solidification method by means of fluidi zed bed quenching (FBQ) was made in comparison with the high rate solidification (lIRS) and the liquid metal cooling (LMC) methods. T his efficient technique provides significantly improved process parameters over currently commercialized HRS because, for example, the attainable thermal gradient exceeds 200°C/cm, indicating an approximate£v equivalent cooling capability to that of L MC which requires absolute avoidance of liquid metal contact with the cast body as well as relatively sophisticated procedures and facilities for the coolant temperature control . Together with these conditions in mind, the FBQ method is considered to be a highly prospective technique for the economical directional solidification process. T he FBQ method was apJllied to in-situ growth of rlr'-Mo eutectic composites as a base metal for a potential candidate if a gas turbine blade in the next decade. The paper describes the microstructure and the grown-in difects in the composites which consists of rlr' matrix and body celltered cubic jibers primarily if Mo.


The large-amplitude lateral soil resistance between an on-bottom pipeline and the seabed is an important design parameter in assessing pipeline behaviour during lateral thermal buckling or under the impact of a submarine slide. This paper describes a series of centrifuge model tests that shed light on the underlying behaviour during large-amplitude lateral pipe movement. It is shown that at large displacements the lateral response is governed predominantly by the passive resistance of the growing berm of soil ahead of the pipe. Using a new analysis of this growing soil berm, based on conservation of volume, the 'local' embedment of the pipe relative to the top of the idealised soil berm is defined. In this way, the normalised lateral pipe–soil resistance, H/suD, from tests encompassing a range of pipe weights and initial embedments follows a single trend line. This idealisation of the response is more consistent than the usual terminology of a pipe–soil friction factor.


A method for assessing the performance of time diversity (TD) along a single downlink path is proposed. The evaluation is done using TD gain, which is obtained from joint distribution of similar retransmitted rain attenuation time series separated by finite time delay. Statistics use to assess the performance of TD are obtained from analyses of measurements from the most recent British Atmospheric Data Centre (BADC) database. TD is presented in this paper as a suitable fade mitigation scheme for increasing link availability and improving the quality of service in broadcast systems. Prior to achieving a model of TD, analyses of propagation datasets (November 2005) and extraction of attenuation statistics have been carried out. These statistics are necessary for the modeling process and for the design of a satellite link between any two earth stations having a separation distance in excess of the mean rain cell size which is roughly 10 Km. Comparisons are made with ITU-R model and some useful conclusions deduced.


Establishing a reliable pipeline leakage monitoring system is very important to the oil gas pipeline safety operation. By analyzing the principle of the existing leak monitoring system,investigating the application of certain company's oil pipeline leak monitoring system in recent years and analyzing its application effect,the applicable condition of leak monitoring system was pointed out. An improved method of flow balance method on ultrasonic flowmeter combined with the negative pressure wave and the data processing method was discussed. The experiments were conducted on the actual operation of long distance oil pipeline. Results show that it has some validity and the application range of the negative pressure wave method is extended.


The utilization of femtocells integrated into cellular networks constitutes a way of increasing the capacity of the system creating the benefits of higher quality links, by gett ing the transmitter closer to the receiver, along with the benefits of an improved resource usage, by reusing them between macroand femtocells. However, macroand femtocells operating o n the same frequency band build an obviously more challenging scenario due to the resulting mutual interference between t hem. In order to combat interference, antenna arrays to steer narow beams towards the users of interest and distributed power co ntrol algorithms can be applied. In this work, the performance of distributed and soft drop power control algorithms into a twotier cellular system composed of macroand femtocells usin g fixed-switched beams is investigated. The obtained results show that the use of power control can provide considerable gainsin terms of power economy and system capacity especially for th e low-power femtocells. Keywords— Power control, fixed-switched beams, femtocells.


Background: The healing process after C1-C2 posterior screw fixation (C1-C2 PSF) for odontoid fractures is not well understood. Here, we evaluated such processes and identified factors potentially contributing to pseudoarthroses following fusions for Type II odontoid fractures. Methods: Pre- and post-operative cervical radiographs and computed tomography (CT) images from 15 patients with preoperative Type II odontoid fractures who underwent C1-C2 PSF were retrospectively reviewed. Results: CT images identified three areas of bone fusion: The primary fracture site in the dens (9/15 patients, 60%), the atlanto-dental interspace (ADI) (10/15, 67%), and C1-C2 interlaminar space after onlay bone grafting (4/15, 27%). All patients showed bone fusion in at least one of three areas, while only one patient (6.7%) achieved bone fusion in all three areas. With these overall criteria, nine of 15 patients (60%) were considered fused, while six patients (40%) were determined to exhibit pseudoarthroses. Univariate analyzes showed that the preoperative C2-C7 SVA for the nonunion group was significantly larger versus the union group, and bone fusion at the level of the ADI was significantly more common in the nonunion versus the union group. Conclusion: CT studies identified three anatomical areas where bone fusion likely occurs after C1-C2 PSF. Increased sagittal balance in the cervical spine may negatively impact the fusion of odontoid fractures. Further, bone fusion occurring at other sites, not the primary fracture location, through stress shielding may contribute to delayed or failed fusions.


The synthesis, structures, and ring-opening polymerization (ROP) capability of a wide range of sulfonamide-supported group 4 amide, alkyl, and alkoxide complexes, varying in sulfonamide N-substituent, metal, coordination number, and geometry, are reported. Reaction of Ti(NMe2)4 or Ti(NMe2)2(OiPr)2 with MeOCH2CH2N(CH2CH2NHSO2Me)2 (12, H2N2MsNOMe) or PhCH2N(CH2CH2NHSO2R)2 (R = Tol (10, H2N2TsNPh) or Me (11, H2N2MsNPh)) afforded Ti(N2MsNOMe)(NMe2)2 (18), Ti(N2TsNPh)(NMe2)2 (19), Ti(N2MsNPh)(NMe2)2 (20), Ti(N2MsNOMe)(OiPr)2 (21), Ti(N2TsNPh)(OiPr)2 (22), Ti(N2MsNPh)(OiPr)2 (23), and Ti(N2TsNPh)(OiPr)(NMe2) (24). Reaction of N(CH2CH2NHSO2R)3 (R = Tol (13, H3N3TsN), Me (14, H3N3MsN), or ArF (15, H3N3ArFN, ArF = 3,5-C6H3(CF3)2)) with Zr(CH2SiMe3)4 formed Zr(N3RN)(CH2SiMe3) (R = Ts (30), Ms (31), or ArF (32)). Reaction of 15 with Zr(NMe2)4 gave Zr(N3ArFN)(NMe2) (33). Complexes 19, 21, 24, 30, 32, and 33 were crystallographically characterized. Monomeric six- or five-coordinate structures were found for the titani...


This paper analyzes the existing mental health problems in minority middle school students in Yunnan.Combining middle-school students' body and mind development regularity,the importance of psychological health education to the minority students is discussed,and according to actual situation in minority area proposed more effective countermeasures for minority areas middle school students' mental health education development providing certain theoretical basis.


Physicochemical characteristics and freshness indicators of pork lard during refrigeration (2 ... 4C) and freezing (-15 ...18C) storage were studied. In assessing the various stages of oxidative changes, peroxide value (PV), iodine value (IV), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and the presence of epyhidrinic aldehyde (Kreis reaction) were determined to identify and measure the primary and secondary oxidation compounds, fatty acid profile and acidity index determination for measuring the degree of lipolysis. Appreciation of oxidation process installation was performed also by microscopic examination. Based on the obtained results it can be said that pork lard stored under refrigeration is fresh until the 2nd month, in the 3rd month is relatively fresh showing slightly acidic taste and smell and a high value of PV, and from the 4th month, the advanced oxidation is installed due to the formation of secondary compounds that alter the sensory properties in rancid taste and odor, and yellow color. Storage temperature had a very significant effect (P≤0.001), and storage time had a significant effect (P≤0.05) on the installation of advanced processes of hydrolysis and oxidation, the shelf life under freezing was double than that under refrigeration.


The grammatical operation of Deictic Scalar Localization in the Past (DSLP) consists in situating an event in past time by specifying the temporal distance that separates it from speech time. It is essentially entrusted to ago and back in Present-day English (PdE); they combine with noun phrases (e.g. five generations ago and three years back) or with the adverbs long and way (long ago and way back), respectively. Up to roughly 1900, these patterns were in competition with the construction instantiated by ten years since. While ten years since is nowadays archaic or dialectal, the collocation long since remains alive and well; it has carved itself a special niche, in so far as it is mostly used in combination with the Present perfect. 1 As the relevant constructions all denote a given 'quantity' of time, it is convenient, for ease of exposition, to use the abbreviations and , where capital letters represent a neutralization of phonetic and/or orthographic differences: AGO has been at various times implemented by agone, agon, agoo, agoe, ago, and SINCE by sith(en), sethen, siththen, sens, etc. 2 This paper addresses the encoding of DSLP over the period stretching from Chaucer to approximately the end of Early Modern English (EModE), by which time, it will be shown, and had become well-entrenched in the grammatical fabric of the language. The focus, in other words, will be on what it meant exactly for these constructions to become standardized, rather than on their emergence itself, which had occurred in the course of the 14 th century. 3 Because the standardization of any given construction is supposed to entail the marginalization of * I wish to thank Jorge Fornell, my research assistant, who helped me to put together important fragments of the corpus on which many of the findings in this paper are based. I have in mind Chaucer's Canterbury Tales, Shakespeare's plays and the Tyndale and King James translations of the Bible.


The voltage disturbances in hot‐cathode arcs are markedly affected by a magnetic field transverse to the normal flow of current. The normal plasma oscillations can be suppressed and the noise level above 1 Mc/sec. greatly increased. The oscillations appear to be transmitted to the electrodes by electrons whose velocity is modulated by the plasma ion oscillations as they travel directly from cathode to anode. The effect of the magnetic field is to remove these electrons from the current reaching the anode. A critical value of magnetic field will suppress the oscillations and reduce the noise to a minimum. As the magnetic field is further increased the high frequency noise level increases. The high frequency noise level also increases if the pressure decreases, or if a lighter gas is used. The noise level is independent of the plasma volume. The effect of the magnetic field is to build up a region of high ion density in a narrow region near the electron source. Plasma oscillations with continuous spectrum a...


A document with a supplementary explanation in which a supplementary explanation character string is given in a ruby form in a character size which conforms to a character size of a document is easily, effectively generated. Information on a character size of a character in a character area is stored; the information on the character size is read to correct the information on the character size for each character area based on a character size of each character area; one character area is divided based on information on the corrected character size; information on a display form of a supplementary explanation character string is generated based on the information on the corrected character size when information on a character size is corrected for a character in a character area made by division; and a document with a supplementary explanation is generated based on the information on the display form.


An adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) based supplementary Unified Power Flow controller (UPFC) is considered to enhance damping of low frequency osciliations. The advantages of the proposed method are their feasibilty and simplicity. On the basis of linearized Philips-Heffron model of power system installed with UPFC, the damping function of the UPFC with various alternative UPFC control signals are investigated. ln the simulations under widely varying operating conditions and system parameters, proposed ANFIS based controller yields improved performance when compared with constant gain controller based on phase compensation technique. To validate the robustness of the proposed control scheme, the approach is integrated to a multi-machine power system and simulation results are presented. The proposed control scheme is not only robust, but also simple and easy to be realized in power system


Article history: Received 2 July 2018 Received in revised form 17 September 2018 Accepted 19 September 2018 Available online 12 December 2018 Thermal barrier coating (TBC) is used to provide thermal resistance to hot section components in advanced gas turbines. By applying TBC, even at high temperature the durability and efficiency of the turbines can be improved. Yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) is the most selected material as the top coat due to its low thermal conductivity and relatively high thermal expansion coefficient. Gadolinium zirconate (GZ) was found to be an alternative material to YSZ due to their good phase stability at high temperature and lower thermal conductivity than the typical YSZ. Multi-layer coatings of GZ/YSZ are being researched in order to take advantage of these materials and improve the durability of the gas turbine combustor liners. This work focused on the study of multilayer (GZ/YSZ) TBC processed by air plasma spraying (APS) and compared with the currently used, standard single-layer of YSZ coating in terms of thermal resistance. The constant variables for both TBC systems are the usage of the bond coat (NiCrAlY), the deposition parameter used and the thickness for the whole TBC system. This thermal resistance test was conducted using a custom-made furnace which imitate almost similar of the GE Frame 9FA combustor liner operating conditions. It was found that than the single layer of YSZ system performed 12 % better rather than the multi-layered TBC system at 1250 ̊C.


For the purpose of realizing the noninvasive exploration of gastrointestinal tract, a novel magnetic propulsion system is proposed, which includes a patient support, a magnet assembly with two groups of permanent magnets positioned oppositely, and a magnet support. The proposed approach exploits permanent magnet and coupling movement of multi-axis components to generate quasi-static magnetic field for controlling the position, orientation, and movement of a self-propelled robotic endoscope in the gastrointestinal tract. By driving the five coupling axes, the proposed magnetic propulsion system is capable of steering the capsule endoscope through the intestinal tract in multi-directions of 2D space. Experiments in simulated intestinal tract are conducted to demonstrate controlled translation, rotation, and rototranslation of capsule endoscope. Finite Element Method is used to analyze navigation system's mechanical properties and the distributions of magnetic field. The proposed technique has great potential of enabling the application of controlled magnetic navigation in the field of capsule endoscopy.Copyright © 2009 by ASME


The new step of the development of the agricultural industry is a biotechnology, which have the scientists an opportunity to create such species that would be impossible to get with the traditional methods. Biotechnology is claimed to be the most modern way of multiplying plants with unordinary methods. As it is known, tobacco culture is mainly multiplied with the tobacco seedlings. With the help of biotechnology it's possible to receive n number of the seedlings for which it's necessary to get the sterile cultures.


Convolution rings have been defined as a unifying approach to a number of ring constructions, e.g. polynomials, matrices, necklace rings and incidence algebras. Here the radical theory of convolution rings will be investigated.


Three alkaloids were isolated from the ethanol extract of Seed of Hippophae rhamnoides Linn and identified as 5-hydroxy-3-(2-Hydroxyethyl)indole(1),5-hydroxytryptamine(2),and shepherdine(3)by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopic analyses.Neonatal rat cardiocytes were cultured and model of ischemic/reperfusion(I/R)was established.The results showed three alkaloids have protective effects against the neonatal rat cardiocytes ischemia/reperfusion injured,and compounds 1 and 3 were isolated for the first time from this plant.


The problem of overweight/ obesity among children has led some experts to suggest that the current Institute of Medicine recommenda- tion for pregnancy weight gain may play a role in early childhood over- weight. The study examined the pre- dictors of early infancy weight and body composition as a prospec- tive study that followed mothers and their newborns from birth through 12 weeks postpartum. Participants were 40 mother-infant pairs either exclu- sively breastfeeding or mixed feed- ing. The main outcomes were weight changes, weight-for-height z score, height-for-age z score, weight-for-age z score, BMI-for-age z score, and percent body fat measured by the PEA POD body composition system and adjusted for infant feeding practice and ges- tational age. Female infants accu- mulated higher percent body fat than male infants through the 12 weeks of follow-up. Maternal pregnancy weight gain positively correlated with infant length at the different time points and not infant weight. Maternal prepreg- nancy body mass index (P = .030) and pregnancy weight gain (P = .040) significantly correlated with infant birth weight and not weights at 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks postpartum. Maternal pregnancy weight gain had an inverse association with infant percent body fat after adjusting for other covariates. In conclusion, maternal pregnancy weight gain predicted infant birth weight but not infant adiposity and subsequent weight through the first 12 weeks after delivery. Higher pregnancy weight gain predicts slower early post- natal growth.


The anatase TiO2 films with well porosity were obtained at room temperature by repeated dip-coating the styrene-acrylate spheres solution in TiO2 sol containing anatase crystalline grains and removing the styrene-acrylate spheres preferentially by toluene. The surface morphology, optical properties, adsorption performance and photocatalytic activity of the films were investigated. The results show that the absorbance of the porous TiO2 film increases and the transmittance of the porous TiO2 film decreases with the increase of the coating cycles, and the absorption edge shifts toward the long wavelength. The adsorption of rhodamine B on the porous TiO2 film increases at first and then decreases with increasing coating cycles. Meanwhile, the semi-closed pores are formed because of the repeated coating, and thus the adsorption amount of rhodamine B is further increased through the longtime capillary osmosis. Rhodamine B molecule is decomposed rapidly on the porous TiO2 film via the adsorption followed by the photocatalytic oxidation, and the adsorption capacity of the porous TiO2 film at the beginning of the photocatalytic reaction is believed to be the main reason for the photocatalytic activity enhancement of TiO2 film. Furthermore, the photocatalytic activity of the porous TiO2 films is also affected by other factors such as the loading of TiO2 catalyst, the use of light, charge transfer and separation, etc.


This paper offers an alternative approach to discussing both the principle of relativity and the derivation of the Lorentz transformations. This approach uses the idea that there may not be a preferred inertial frame through a privileged access to information about events. In classroom discussions, it has been my experience that this approach produces some lively arguments.


SummaryGroups of 50 worker bees from 125 different colonies of Italian stock were tested in cages in three years of study. Repeated measures of food consumption were similar for single colonies. However, bees from different colonies varied significantly in the amount of food they required for survival during testing. Both this variation and the consistency of repeated measures within colonies suggest that food consumption is, it least in part, genetically determined.


N-triphenylmethyl and N-4,4'-dimethoxytriphenylmethyl of o-aminophenol, m-aminophenol, and p-aminophenol compounds were easily prepared from triphenylmethyl chloride and 4,4'-dimethoxytriphenyl- methyl chloride. S-triphenylmethyl-2-mercapto ethanol was also selectively synthesized using the triphenylmethyl chloride and 2-mercapto ethanol. The reactivity of nitrogen and sulfur versus oxygen in the protection reactions was compared. In principle, the protection of aminophenols and 2-mercapto ethanol with triarylmethyls (trityls) may take place on the oxygen. However, in this framework, we discuss the different reactivities of oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur towards triphenylmethyl chloride (TrCl) and 4,4'-dimethoxytriphenylmethyl chloride (DMTrCl) and find that nitrogen and sulfur are more reactive than oxygen.


We have succeeded in fabricating ultraviolet (UV) GaN/AlGaN laser diodes without any crack generation on a whole 2-in. sapphire substrate using a hetero-facet-controlled epitaxial lateral overgrowth (hetero-FACELO) method. The UV laser diodes lased in the peak wavelength range from 355.4 to 361.6 nm under a pulsed current operation at room temperature. We have also investigated both parameters, material gain and optical-internal loss in GaN/AlGaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs). The actual threshold currents of the UV laser diodes were practically in agreement with the estimated threshold current from these parameters. This layer structure is one of the solutions for the purpose of high-yield production of UV photonic devices.


Flame retardants (FR) such as polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congener 2,2',4,4'tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) and organophosphate FRs (OPFR) persist in the environment and interact with multiple target receptors involved in energy homeostasis, including estrogen receptors (ERs). Estrogenic EDCs such as bisphenol A (BPA) disrupt homeostatic gene expression in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) of the hypothalamus, which centrally controls energy balance. However, little is known about the effects of FRs, especially OPFR. Therefore, we investigated if exposure to these FR alters adult 17-β estradiol (E2)-regulated gene expression in the ARC. Adult male and female mice were orally dosed daily vehicle (oil), 17αethinyl estradiol (2.5 μg/kg), BDE47 low or high dose (1 mg/kg or 10 mg/kg), and OPFR mixture low or high dose (1 mg/kg or 10 mg/kg of tris (1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCPP), triphenyl phosphate (TPP), and tricresyl phosphate (TCP) each) for 28 days. EE2 was used as a positive estrogenic EDC control. ARC mRNA expression, weekly cumulative body weight gain, and uteri weights were measured. In male ARC, FR upregulated GhsR, Insr, Lepr, Cacna1g, -h, -i, Kcnq2,-3,-5, mRNA expression while downregulating Esr1, Cart, and Npy. OPFR increased Agrp and Pomc ARC expression in males. In female ARC, BDE47 suppressed ARC Ghsr and Cart, but augmented Insr and Cacna1g. OPFR also decreased Ghsr, Pomc, Cart, while increasing Insr and Cacna1g in females. Overall, FR more drastically influenced ARC gene expression in males than in females. These results suggest that these FR alter ARC gene expression in a sex-dependent manner in


The article deals with constructing the image of contemporary Russian culture in the US media. It states an important role of metaphors in this process. The most widely used metaphoric models of representing Russian culture are ana-lyzed on the basis of a number of articles in three American newspapers – The New York Times, Newsweek and The Washington Post (2010-2020), including the models "culture is war", "culture is politics", "Vladimir Putin is the godfather of culture", "culture is the power of modern Russia" and "culture is Russia". The study shows that in most cases Russian culture in American press is looked upon in close connection with politics and V. Putin's personality. The research data prove that the majority of metaphoric word usages tend to form the negative image of Russian culture in the eyes of US readers. Such aspects as the close ties of culture and politics, conservatism and reluctance to accept western values, significant impact of the ruling elite and oligarchs on culture are assessed negatively. Rich cultural traditions, the scale of issues addressed in the sphere of culture and personal support of some cultural institutions and figures by the president get the positive evaluation. At the same time culture is evaluated neutrally as the means of "soft power" – the ability to influence Russia's relations with western countries (as opposed to the hard power of constraint and finan-cial influence). In general, the study proves that nowadays metaphors describing our cultural life in American press are mostly used not as expressive means, but as the means of showing the negative aspects of culture in contemporary Russia.