This research examines Titisan Iblis (1989), a novel written by an Indonesian writer Abdullah Harahap, using Sigmund Freud's concept of das Unheimliche (the uncanny). This research aims to reveal how violence and abnormal sexual behaviors depicted in a literary work can be used as the manifestation of the chaos within the public order using the concept of das Unheimliche. Violence and abnormal sexual behaviors occur because of the absence of the authority's supervision. The violence conducted in the public is inevitably related to the violence happened within the private one. Additionally, a horror story can also show how it is used to confront anomaly, anxiety, and fear which is different compared to the everyday life. Fear and anxiety are impossible to be expressed in the real world, but they can be manifested through a literary work. In this context, the distrust towards the formal and informal authority is shown through the process of problem-solving in which does not involve any state apparatus as well as "orang pintar" (shaman).


A novel two-dimensional metal organic coordination compound based on flexible l,3,5-tri(4-carboxyphenoxy)benzene(H3TCPB),{[Mg1.5(TCPB)(DMF)(H2O)]·(DMF)}n(1),has been prepared and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction,TGA,and PXRD measurements.Complex 1 crystalizes in triclinic,space group Pi with a = 10.2521(6),b =11.0974(7),c = 16.1113(9) A,C33H31Mg1.5N2O12Mr = 684.06,V= 1669.46(17) A3,Z = 2,Dc =1.361 g·cm-3,μ = 0.129 mm-1,F(000) = 714,3.06 ≤θ≤ 25°,λ(MoKα) = 0.71073 A,T= 273(2) K,the final R = 0.0386,wR = 0.0892 and S= 1.031.X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that complex 1possesses a two-dimensional framework constructed by trinuclear Mg SBUs and three-connected TCPB3- linker.In addition,the solid state luminescent property of complex 1 was also investigated at room temperature.


As a new style of effective information presentations and a new multimodal informationcontent production on the WWW, multimodal presentations using interactive lifelike agents with verbal conversation capability appear to be very attractive and important. For this purpose, we have developed MPML (Multimodal Presentation Markup Language) which allows many users to write attractive multimodal presentations easily. MPML is a markup language conformed to XML (Extensible Markup Language) and supports functions for controlling verbal presentations and scripting agent behaviors. In this paper, we present MPML and its related tools for producing multimodal presentations.


To assess the level of knowledge, attitude of patients and treatment problems of Hepatitis-D infection a descriptive and empirical study was conducted for the patients of Hepatitis-D and Doctors of Taluka Kahirpur Nathan Shah, District Dadu Sindh Pakistan. Time frame of the study was September to November 2016. Our Method of data collection was self administered questionnaire which assessed the basic knowledge about Hepatitis-D infection its modes of transmission and problems in the treatment. 100 patients of Hepatitis-D and 52 doctors were included in this study, questionnaires were distributed among the patients (n=100) of Hepatitis-D and doctors (n=52) they filled it according to their knowledge collected data was analyzed by SPSS V-22 Excel. Mean age of male patient was 27 years (SD ± 6.7) and age range (15-50 )years and mean age of female patients 27.4 years (SD ± 6.36) and range of age (16-46) years. The male to female patient ratio 4:1(80 male and 20 female). Patients have not sufficient knowledge about causes and modes of transmission of hepatitis-D. By the results regarding the problems in the treatment patients have neither any proper treatment nor vaccination facility of hepatitis-D is available in the rural areas of Sindh, concerned doctors are also unavailable


This article investigated the actuality of energy consumption in iron and steel corporation.The existing model of energy administration and its defect in China iron and steel corporation were also systematically introduced.At last,the developing direction of energy administration in China iron and steel corporation was proposed.


The prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7/NM was investigated in 327 fecal samples collected from apparently healthy water buffaloes (43), camels (40), cattle (103), sheep (86), and goats (55) in Isfahan, Chaharmahal & Bakhtyari, and Khuzestan provinces of Iran, between August 2010 and February 2011. Overall, 25 of 327 fecal samples (7.6%) were found to be contaminated with E. coli O157. The highest prevalence of E. coli O157 was found in the water buffalo (18.6%), followed by cattle (11.7%), sheep (4.7%), and the goat (1.8%). E. coli O157 was not isolated from camel fecal samples. Of 25 E. coli O157 isolates, 7 were serotype O157:H7 and 18 were serotype O157:NM. Five of the O157:H7 were isolated from the water buffalo and 2 were from cattle feces. All of the E. coli O157:H7 isolates were positive for eaeA, ehlyA and stx1 and stx2, except one isolate that was ehlyA negative. The highest prevalence of E. coli O157 occurred in summer (16.7%) followed by fall (6.3%). The results of this study show that cattle and buffaloes can be a significant source of human infection with enterohemorrhagic E. coli O157 serotype in Iran. Key words: Escherichia coli O157, feces, ruminant, virulence genes


The article is devoted to the construction and study of a new mathematical model for an optimal communication network. The model has the form of an undirected graph in a two-dimensional metric space. As compared to traditional models, the use of the special metric allows a more complete consideration of geographical, ecological, economic, and other terrain features. Model examples are solved and the problem of minimum cost routing with regard to environmental constraints is considered as well.


Autoimmune polyglandular diseases are constituted by groups of endocrine alterations as a consequence of immune dysregulation. Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 2 (APS2) is considered a rare pathology, defined by the association of adrenal insufficiency or Addison's disease with autoimmune thyroid disease, type 1 autoimmune diabetes mellitus, in addition to other disorders. Consequently, patients diagnosed with this pathology require regular and chronic monitoring. It should be emphasized that it predominates in the female sex, between 20 to 40 years of age, the clinical manifestations depend on the affected gland. The disclosure of the particular characteristics is essential in order to help early detection, effective treatment and better prognosis. Therefore, we present the case of a patient with a diagnosis of APS2, with the purpose of deepening the knowledge of this pathology, whose suspicion is essential to avoid fatal consequences


ABSTRACT Drawing on a multi-sited global ethnography of elite schools across the world, this article explores how elite schools prepare students for an increasingly interconnected world characterised by difference and competition through global citizenship education. In this exploration, I identify the four domains that give meaning to global citizenship education within elite contexts: cultural, relational, emotional, and material. These domains reveal the ways in which these schools are responding to the challenges of globalisation by providing students opportunities to develop awareness and knowledge of differences, to establish and maintain relationships across differences, to gain a sense of obligation towards others, and to accumulate valuable forms of human and cultural capital. Through globally-oriented practices, students are being prepared to be flexibly mobile, to imagine themselves as leaders within a globalised world and to thrive in the hypercompetitive and unpredictable global knowledge economy. These practices play an important part of elite schools' larger strategy of making and remaking elites.


The application of wet sprayed concrete technique in the subway's testing section has been introduced in this paper. For wet sprayed concrete, the selection of materials, the design of its composite ratio and the complete set of waterproof-drainage measures are introduced emphatically. The data collection during experiment in situ and the existing problems are also analyzed.


A greek homily for the Presentation of the Lord is kept, attributed to Cyril from Jerusalem. This composition is also known in coptic and arabic language. It is now considered as apocryphal. The unpublished ethiopic version of this text is found in three mss, the oldest of them is from the fourteenth century.


As a leading international economist with prior high-level policy experience, Richard Cooper brought to the National Intelligence Council chairmanship an unusual level of authority on economic issues. This proved valuable in internal policy disputes over Japan's financial situation, in which the NIC successfully challenged the Treasury Department's assessment. His tenure also saw the challenges of dealing with the former Yugoslavia after the Dayton Accords brokered a tenuous peace, as well as the NIC's first foray into nontraditional security issues such as climate change. Finally, the NIC published an influential report called Global Trends 2010, looking out 15 years to anticipate future challenges—and initiating a series of reports issued by the NIC every four years thereafter.


The aim of the study is to investigate the impact of energy consumption on economic growth in ASEAN-4 countries as a whole. In addition, the effect of the non-linearity of the relationship between energy consumption and growth is examined using Threshold Analysis method for the period of 1980 to 2014. Empirical findings indicate that energy consumption has significant positive impact on economic growth in ASEAN-4 countries in the long-run. Furthermore, the non-linearity results show that the impact of the energy consumption on growth become greater when the energy consumption is above the threshold level. This implies that more usage of energy may contribute to the economic growth.


The quality of construction,external damage,insulation materials performance and other factors led to thermodynamic disfigurements of the insulation structure.Due to the disfigurements,the temperature and the heat loss are too high at partial surfaces of the insulation structure.This increases the heat loss of the pipelines.But thermodynamic disfigurements influence on pipe insulation was rarely considered when insulation effect was tested and evaluated at present.Heat loss test and calculation methods of insulation structure on thermodynamic disfigurement are introduced.And the influence of thermodynamic disfigurements on thermal insulation property provides guidance on the future study.


Universities of science and technology have the important task of cultivating talents of engineering and technology.Facing the responsibilities of developing our country into a new-type industrialization and innovative nation and cultivating more talents of engineering and technology,putting more emphasis on quality education has already become the new requirement of cultivating talents of engineering and technology.Aiming at changing the general situation of some universities of science and technology which regard science superior to liberal arts,the paper investigates humanistic quality of college students in universities of science and technology,analyzes the problems which existing in humanistic quality education and puts forward the new idea of reinforcing humanistic quality of college students in universities of science and technology.


This report presents the results of three-dimensional steady-state computations using COMMIX-1A for the analysis of thermal mixing tests performed in the OCONEE-1 PWR at the beginning of fuel cycle 6 early in 1980 under EPRI sponsorship. It was found that detailed modeling of the 52 asymmetrically located instrument guide tubes together with the various structures in the lower plenum yielded generally good agreement with the data (within 1/sup 0/F). Most of the thermal mixing trends at the entrance to the core and midplane deduced from the 29 thermocouple reading were correctly computed by COMMIX-1A.


Human migration is the most dominating socio-economic phenomena that have become the most dynamic aspect of human knowledge. During recent years, the aspect of migration has become much popular. In the true sense of the term, migration is the outcome or product of regional disparity in physical characteristics, economic development and social conditions. Regional disparity is more pronounced between rural and urban areas hence among all types of migration it is seen oftenly the predominance of rural-urban migration. Along with the increasing pressure of population on land due to unpresidented growth of population, lack of job opportunity, disintegration of joint family system etc. the rural areas push the people to leave it for some other places. On the other hand, better job opportunity and improved public utility services and amenities of urban areas act as pull factors and attract these rural migrants.


In recent years, lead-free has been promoted by the RoHS Directive which bans the use of lead in electronic devices, and nano Ag die attach pastes has attracted attentions. Nano Ag particles show high electrical and thermal conductivity, but generally require Au or Ag plating on the surface of the substrate. Therefore, demands for Cu substrate without the plating are also increasing to reduce costs. This paper deals with the fundamental study on nano Ag pastes newly developed with a unique approach. The technology provides a low-temperature sintering capability without pressure during cure process. In addition, resin reinforcing technology and lowering modulus technology have been developed to improve the mechanical properties. By adding epoxy resins, the porous area is filled with the resin and the sintered structure is reinforced. Additionally, the reliability can be more improved by thermoplastic resin particles. To meet the demand for the applications without Ag or Au plating, nano Ag pastes for bare Cu substrate have newly been developed. By using several types of Cu substrates without plating, surface analysis and bonding properties of the pastes were investigated in this study.


The image registration and fusion process of image stitching algorithms entails significant computational costs, and the use of robust stitching algorithms with good performance is limited in real-time applications on PCs (personal computers) and embedded systems. Fast image registration and fusion algorithms suffer from problems such as ghosting and dashed lines, resulting in suboptimal display effects on the stitching. Consequently, this study proposes a multi-channel image stitching approach based on fast image registration and fusion algorithms, which enhances the stitching effect on the basis of fast algorithms, thereby augmenting its potential for deployment in real-time applications. First, in the image registration stage, the gridded Binary Robust Invariant Scalable Keypoints (BRISK) method was used to improve the matching efficiency of feature points, and the Grid-based Motion Statistics (GMS) algorithm with a bidirectional rough matching method was used to improve the matching accuracy of feature points. Then, the optimal seam algorithm was used in the image fusion stage to obtain the seam line and construct the fusion area. The seam and transition areas were fused using the fade-in and fade-out weighting algorithm to obtain smooth and high-quality stitched images. The experimental results demonstrate the performance of our proposed method through an improvement in image registration and fusion metrics. We compared our approach with both the original algorithm and other existing methods and achieved significant improvements in eliminating stitching artifacts such as ghosting and discontinuities while maintaining the efficiency of fast algorithms.


In the Data mining process the dispensation of in sequence can be done with dissimilar ideas. An optimization is the dilemma of penetrating out the paramount announcement from all the practical solutions. Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) is proposed which is based on intelligent advancement and is defined to get the powerful and reliable solution. Process scheduling algorithm is presented under distributed environment using bee colony optimization and evaluation is made on various parameters like arrival time, process time, wait time and finish time. The environment is public and is processed under multiple process requests by multiple users. The types of analysis is done which includes Priority Analysis, Finish Time Analysis, Process Time Analysis, Wait Time Analysis and all parameter analysis is shown together. The result shows that the work has provided effective execution of processes in distributed system.


The DC and RF performance of ultra‐scaled 10 nm E mode InAlN/AlN HEMT with polarized doped buffer has been investigated. The proposed device has the feature of polarized doped buffer, heavily doped source/drain region, and recessed T‐gate structure. The polarization‐induced doping in the buffer layer bent the conduction band upwardly convex, which enhanced the 2DEG confinement, reduced the buffer leakage current, and significantly uplifted the breakdown voltage (33 V), which is 5 times higher than the conventional InAlN/AlN GaN buffer HEMT (8 V). The short channel effect was further reduced by the recessed gate engineering (high on/off ratio 109, subthreshold swing 78 mV/dec, and DIBL 100 mV/V), and smaller 10 nm foot length of T‐gate reduced the parasitic capacitance, which uplifts the RF parameters of the proposed device. The proposed device exhibits a high current density of 2.8 A/mm, transconductance 1.55 S/mm, cutoff frequency fT (583 GHz), and maximum oscillation frequency fmax (840 GHz). At room temperature, the calculated carrier density and mobility are 2.8 × 1013 cm−2 and 1250 cm2/Vs. The large Jhonson figure of merit (fT. VBR) 19.23 THz and (fT. fmax)1/2 699 GHz shows the potential of the proposed device for high‐power millimeter‐wave applications.


As a new control design framework for motion and vibration control of mechanical and structural systems, an active/semi-active hybrid control (ASHC) methodology is proposed in this paper. In the proposed ASHC framework, a mechanical system that has both an actuator for motion and vibration control, and a semi-active control device, e.g., MR damper, for vibration control is defined as a control configuration. Depending on the location of the actuator and the semi-active device, two ASHC problems are formulated as optimization problems of the control performance on the motion and vibration control. In the ASHC approach, the higher control performance is accomplished by the cooperative and complementary control of the actuator and the semi-active control device. Some solution candidates and design examples are presented to show the effectiveness and the importance of the ASHC framework.


A Hybrid Tea rose plant having non-fading, bright red flowers, dark green, glossy, mildew resistant foliage, long stems, moderate fragrance, and good vase life.


Background and objectives Advances in MRI hardware and sequences are continually increasing the amount and complexity of data such as those generated in high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) scanning of the spine. Ef fi cient informatics tools offer considerable opportunities for research and clinically based analyses of magnetic resonance studies. In this work, we present and validate a suite of informatics tools for automated detection of degenerative changes in lumbar intervertebral discs (IVD) from both 3D isotropic and routine two-dimensional (2D) clinical T2-weighted MRI. Materials and methods An automated segmentation approach was used to extract morphological (traditional 2D radiological measures and novel 3D shape descriptors) and signal appearance (extracted from signal intensity histograms) features. The features were validated against manual reference, compared between 2D and 3D MRI scans and used for quanti fi cation and classi fi cation of IVD degeneration across magnetic resonance datasets containing IVD with early and advanced stages of degeneration. Results and conclusions Combination of the novel 3D-based shape and signal intensity features on 3D (area under receiver operating curve (AUC) 0.984) and 2D (AUC 0.988) magnetic resonance data deliver a signi fi cant improvement in automated classi fi cation of IVD degeneration, compared to the combination of previously used 2D radiological measurement and signal intensity features (AUC 0.976 and 0.983, respectively). Further work is required regarding the usefulness of 2D and 3D shape data in relation to clinical scores of lower back pain. The results reveal the potential of the proposed informatics system for computer-aided IVD diagnosis from MRI in large-scale research studies and as a possible adjunct for clinical diagnosis.


The National Institute for Management Development (NIMD) has formulated an educational program entitled Management Development and Training Scheme (MDTS). NIMD assumes that the 9 socioeconomic goals of the Population and Development Project will only be implemented if local coordinators can be upgraded if coordinators up the line can provide technical advice to local workers and if cost-management and evaluation of the program is undertaken. The training program was formulated to meet these goals. Workshops and conferences have been held for various groups of personnel. Content of these workshops is outlined. Evaluation of the training efforts is tabulated. Problem areas are identified and means of meeting these problems are proposed. Training activities must continue to reflect personnel needs.


The article examines the current problems of society in the context of limited resources and solutions in a market economy. Analyzes the main factors and the causal relationship between the level of economic development and the development of industrial production in terms of ensuring public safety.


The adsorption and possible mechanisms for the surface transport of stearic acid and some of its derivatives on solids have been investigated using radioactive tracers.  mono- and multimolecular layers of these compounds were deposited on quartz glass, mica, and metal specimens, which were then held at various temperatures for a short period. The resulting changes in amount and distribution of activity were determined by autoradiography or an appropriately designed Geiger tube. On unreactive surfaces such as platinum or quartz glass the pure acid is only weakly adsorbed and thermal desorption, in general, readily occurs, especially of layers deposited on an initial monolayer. Layers of copper or calcium soaps on all surfaces, either deposited as such or formed in situ, are very much more stable. There is also some evidence that desorption is favoured by the presence of water vapour. Both pure acid and soap layers have some resistance to mechanical abrasion, but none to dissolution by hot benzene unless the adsorption involves a chemical bond. Part B of the present paper describes an experimental search for a long-range surface diffusion, using the same surfaces and adsorbates. It is shown that, under favourable conditions, material desorbed from one part of a surface will readsorb elsewhere after movement over considerable distances in the vapour phase. This mechanism may account for some examples of apparent surface diffusion reported by earlier workers. If, however, this vapour phase transport is suppressed, then no evidence can be detected of a true surface diffusion over macroscopic distances.


We extend the common theme of random Apollonian packing of circles to consider orientable grains with a noncircular shape. Systems of up to 10(6) grains are examined for a range of polygonal and elliptical shapes using both the random Apollonian packing model and the new rotational random Apollonian packing model which takes into account the extra rotational degree of freedom of noncircular grains. We identify the constraining length D_c that limits growth of the grain during the packing process and find that a universal relation exists between grain shape and the scaling properties of the system.


Modern molecular neuroscience studies require analysis of specific cellular populations derived from brain tissue samples to disambiguate cell-type specific events. This is particularly true in the analysis of minority glial populations in the brain, such as microglia, which may be obscured in whole tissue analyses. Microglia have central functions in development, aging, and neurodegeneration and are a current focus of neuroscience research. A long-standing concern for glial biologists using in vivo models is whether cell isolation from CNS tissue could introduce ex vivo artifacts in microglia, which respond quickly to changes in the environment. Mouse microglia were purified by magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS), as well as cytometer- and cartridge-based fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) approaches to compare and contrast performance. The Cx3cr1-NuTRAP mouse model was used here to provide an endogenous fluorescent microglial marker and a microglial-specific translatome profile as a baseline comparison lacking cell isolation artifacts. All methods performed similarly for microglial purity with main differences being in cell yield and time of isolation. Ex vivo activation signatures occurred principally during the initial tissue dissociation and cell preparation and not the microglial cell sorting. Utilizing transcriptional and translational inhibitors during the cell preparation prevented the activational phenotype. These data demonstrate that a variety of microglial isolation approaches can be used, depending on experimental needs, and that inhibitor cocktails are effective at reducing cell preparation artifacts. Table of Contents Image Main Points MACS, cytometer-FACS, and cartridge-FACS give equivalent and sufficient yield/purity for microglial analyses. Ex vivo microglial activation is prevented by supplementation with transcription/translation inhibitors during cell preparation.


Without the formal power of authority, a big stick to wield, a change agent must rely on personal integrity to influence others. Integrity involves identifying values, acting based on values, and explaining how your values are served by your actions. Wh..


In this text we give a decomposition result on polynomial poly-vector fields generalizing a result on the decomposition of homogeneous Poisson structures. We discuss consequences of this decomposition result in particular for low dimensions and low degrees. We provide the tools to calculate simple cubic Poisson structures in dimension three and quadratic Poisson structures in dimension four. Our decomposition result has a nice effect on the relation between Poisson structures and Jacobi structures.


The search for an identity is a recurring theme in the literature of the Counseling profession. This article reviews the context, politics, illusions, contradictions, ironies, and possibilities involved in that search.


Synopsis : A new machining process, called auscutting, has been developed, in which the cutting operation is performed in supercooled austenitic state during quenching. In auscutting, the saw-toothed chip is formed and the chattering vibration occurs under some cutting conditions. In this paper, the relation between the chattering vibration and the periodic chip formation is investigated. The formation mechanism of the saw-toothed chip is considered by observing the micro structure of the surface of chips. The results obtained are summarized as follows : (1) The frequency of the chip formation is varied with cutting conditions. It increases with the increase of cutting speed, but decreases with the increase of depth of cut and feed. (2) The micro slips occur continuously in the case of flow type chips. The cracks generate on the chip surface without the micro slips in the case of saw-toothed chips, when the shear strain exceeds a critical value.


Abstract
Parallel system in this research has been built up form of cluster. A Cluster means group of computers which integrated that connected to each other through fast local area network and can be used as integrated computing source. Implementation of parallel process primary to do a parallel computing was succeeded at the cluster.
This programming based on MPI (Message Passing Interyace), that runs on Linux operating system. MPI is a de facto standard for message passing programming on parallel computers


The real time checking of the enormous netnews articles, which are distributed through the TCP/IP based computer network(the Internet) systems from not only domestic but overseas areas, is quite significant be cause the valuable information will be readily acquired. However the conventional netnews systems do not support the urgent notification of the new arrival of the news articles. In the present paper, we shall first illustrate the mechanism of the network news distribution system and propose the epoch-making algorithm of the real time checking program of the new arrival news articles and implements that based on the nntpd daemon process, which knows the arrival of the new news at any time. The developed convenient utilities called as "cnn" (Check New News articles) and "xcnn" (X client for Check New News articles) are freely distributed through the Internet, acquire many users and are archived in various Internet utility CD-ROMs.


A method for manufacturing a durable titanium dioxide pigment of improved process has discrete layers of silica and alumina layer is deposited on the pigment. The method includes when the covering layer material is added to the slurry and when alumina and silica deposited onto the pigment, carefully controlling the pH of the titanium dioxide pigment slurry and temperature operating conditions.


sages, the first two Parts are mediocre or worse. It is inexcusable, for example, to include inaccurate dates (pp. 10, three instances ; 24); to present an incorrect account of the immediate origins of the civil war of 1934 (p. 10); and to characterize L. Kunschak as a member of the &dquo;peasant wing&dquo; of his political party (p. 43). On the other hand, because of the continuing efforts to distort and falsify historical fact, Grayson merits warm thanks for reminding his readers of the record of three former Chancellors of Austria. Seipel's influence was &dquo;anti-democratic&dquo;; he &dquo;encouraged&dquo; the Fascist Heimwehr (p. 7). Dollfuss &dquo;crushed socialism and de-


This paper discusses the definition and subclassification of cerebral palsy, its ascertainment, birth prevalence, and aetiology. Cerebral palsy is a description defined by clinical observation rather than a diagnosis informative about aetiology, pathology, or prognosis. As a disease entity it is aetiologically and pathologically diverse. The cerebral palsy grouping is useful for management and service planning but the combining of several individually rare congenital and early childhood conditions creates an epidemiological challenge. The birth prevalence of cerebral palsy in the developed world has not declined since the mid-1950s, in contrast to perinatal mortality. The proportion of children with cerebral palsy that are born very preterm has increased with the advent of neonatal intensive care, and refinement of the techniques of neonatal intensive care may be necessary before its benefits can be fully realised. Since cerebral palsy is, by definition, incurable, epidemiology strives to elucidate causation as a necessary step towards prevention. Definitive allocation of cause before the post-neonatal period is usually impossible and a large proportion of all cases of cerebral palsy are not adequately explained. Recognised risk factors may be single or multiple and can occur at any stage from before conception to infancy. In developed countries, the majority of aetiological paths are likely to commence before labour and delivery. Approximately 10% of cases are believed to now be causally associated with adverse intrapartum events, less than either the proportion traditionally assumed or the proportion caused post-neonatally. The proportions of children with cerebral palsy resulting from an intrapartum cause and from a post-neonatal cause are both believed to be higher in developing countries. Since post-neonatally acquired brain damage has the most easily recognised and understood causes, postneonatally acquired cerebral palsy should be the most preventable.


This paper is a thought-piece that offers a reflective account of my journey to learn more about reflective practice. Introducing reflective practice as a pedagogy deployed within post-experience education, it explores a way to translate this into a meaningful and positive encounter for a younger generation of students. Through an analysis of the purpose, process and assessment of reflective practice it seeks to enhance my personal practice. The thought-piece concludes with an illustration of my practice of integrating reflective practice into a first year course in a leading Chinese University.


The first catalytic desymmetrization of 3,3-disubstituted and 3-substituted oxetanes is developed using heteroaromatic thiols in the presence of a SPINOL-derived phosphoric acid as chiral organocatalyst.


With the deepening of the reform and opening-up policy, it is the time for our country to get into a new stage. But inevitably many new problems will emerge, especially those of "country, agriculture, and farmers". In order to solve these problems, and to follow the central government's calling for "forming beautiful society, constructing new country", it is most crucial for us to do well in the work of farmers' political thought education. First of all, we should make sure of the importance of political thought education in practice and its present situation. Then we can set up the aims of farmers' political thought education, work out some valid methods and ways, lay solid foundations for realizing the good beginning of the 11th Five Years Program, forming finer society and going with Communist Party of China's 3rd strategic planning.


The correlation and extent of pericratonic strata deposited on the western distal margin of ancient North America in south-central British Columbia is problematic. Within the Thompson-Okanagan-Shuswap and Adams Lake regions, strata included within the pericratonic Kootenay Terrane are poorly exposed, obscured by intense deformation, and mapped only at reconnaissance scale (Figure 1; Wheeler and McFeely, 1991). As a result, the boundary between pericratonic rocks of the Kootenay Terrane and rocks of the allochthonous Quesnel Terrane is a subject of debate. This boundary has been interpreted as a large scale, complex thrust zone (Monger et al., 1972, 1982; Wheeler and McFeely 1991). Alternatively, Mesozoic volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks of Quesnel Terrane may s t ra t ig raphica l ly over l ie and be l inked to pericratonic strata of the Kootenay Terrane (Thompson and Daughtry, 1997). Rocks of the Eagle Bay Assemblage in the Adams Plateau – Clearwater – Vavenby area, and the Sicamous, Tsalkom and Silver Creek formations in the Thompson – Okanagan – Shuswap region are included within the pericratonic Kootenay Terrane (Jones, 1959; Okulitch, 1979; Schiarizza and Preto, 1987). Volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks of the Late Triassic Nicola Group and arc-related rocks of the Devonian to Late Permian Harper Ranch Group characterize Quesnel Terrane in the Thompson – Okanagan – Shuswap area (Monger et al., 1982; Wheeler and McFeely 1991). The relationship of strata in the Mount Tod – Adams Lake area to assemblages of the Kootenay and Quesnel terranes is uncertain. These rocks are of significant economic interest since they are host to several polymetallic massive sulphide deposits. However, the distribution, setting, and age of most of these deposits is not well established (Hoy, 1999). Mapping of the area west of Adams Lake to Mount Tod was undertaken as part of the Ancient Pacific Margin NATMAP Project in an attempt to address these problems (Figures 2, 3 and 4). Particularly, reconnaissance and de-


The principles of the rapid treatment dual-sex therapy for sexual dysfunction have been modified and expanded since 1958. The basic tenets of the new sex therapy include 1) sound knowledge of physiology endocrinology and metabolic function; 2) institution of psychotherapy only when organic factors have been identified or ruled out; 3) treatment of the couple as a unit by dual-sex therapy teams; 4) short-term intensive program; and 5) education in the techniques of verbal and nonverbal communication. The dual-sex therapy team also provides a greater opportunity for peer-review than the traditional solo psychiatric approach.


With proper band gap profile along the film growth direction, single junction solar cell with initial efficiency of 9.07% and a-Si:H/a-SiGe:H tandem cells of 12.03% efficiency.


The designs of various urban rail traffic and the control system of the exterior automatic cleaning device for railway passenger cars with the application of such technologies of computer control technology,remote network control technology and frequency conversion driving are described.The end contour cleaning control technology has reached the international level of the same kinds of products.


respeet exist largely in the men who have complained loudest and longest of defective organization. Many of these men want the rank of General at least, and the pay of a High Court Judge, and will not submit to military discipline and to the principle of "going wherever ordered without demur.' , The second question concerns the individual parts of the machine. Have they been planned in such a manner that each fulfils its functions properly 1 In the present issue, members will read with interest and advantage a very able article by Dr. Gordon Craig on the organization of a hospital ship unit. From this aecount and from common knowledge of the conditions both abroad and at home, it will be recognized that the different parts of the service have arisen in the course of the war, and that their evolution has been uneven, to some extent experimental, and at times erratic. We have now reached a stage at which past mistakes can be utilize". for future improvements, and the experience of the Royal Arm)" Medical Corps and of the medical services of our allies and of the enemy, and the ingenuity of our own organizers give promise that the various services can be developed to act well each in its particular sphere, and without interfering with one another. In the British Medical Journal of September ]6, 1916, there is an article giving the salient parts of a letter addressed by a Rumanian correspondent to the .1/iinchencr mcdizinische 1l'ocltellschritt, which every medical man in the Commonwealth should read. The writer explains how one of the worst medical services has been converted into one of the most efficient in Europe. Unfortunately the author does not detail the steps adopted to effect a reorganization of the individual services, nor does he explain how the proprJ' selection of the most competent men has been achieved. In our own Medical Corps, there is need of reconstruction of some of the existing services, and as we have repeatedly pointed out there is urgent need for the institution of an orthopredic and of a neurological service, planned on up-to-date lines. A high degree of efficiency has been attained in the individual services in the British forces, in the Frcneh medical corps, in the German, and apparently in recent times in the Rumanian. Why Australia should remain behind in this respect we cannot conceive. The matter of co-ordination and proper adjustment of the machine as a whole still remains to be discussed. A very few words will suffice. As long as the individual parts are not in a satisfactory state of development, perfect co-ordination is impossible. We admit that marked improvement has come in recent months, but more is needed. There are, however, signs that we may. soon sec the Australian Army Medical Corps changed into a splendid machinc. The indications are the appeal to all members of the profession to enlist voluntarily; and the proposals to extend the powers and functions of the District Medical Committees, so that the task of the selection of men for special positions and for special functions .may be made in the first place by a body of experts who have full knowledge of the qualities and capabilities of the men available. The authorities would make the appointments after the recommendations of the District Medical Committees had been placed before them.


and analytic varieties of structural complexities, Wilson further divides institutional complexity into coercive and normative complexities. Armed with this conceptual framework, he reviews the major contributions in the field from classical political theorists to modem organizational theorists to indicate that the gap between the problems of analysis and the challenge of action can be narrowed. The merit of Wilson's essay lies in its success to demonstrate that political and organizational theories have moulded our conceptions of order which, in turn, become the basis of programmes and policies, thereby indicating the linkage between theory and praxis. La Porte tries to summarize the implications of the research undertaken in the book in the last essay "Complexity and Uncetainty: Challenge to Action." As is evident from the title, his main concerns are: How complexity as a phenomenon can be grappled with, in the evolving but unknown future?And, what is the precise manner in which our knowledge can be pressed into service to deal with particular problems? La Porte suggests that through the process of professionalization and decentralization, much of the challenges thrown up by organized social complexity can be successfully met. Inevitably, this implies the development of new organizational and political forms.


Surface potentials of phthalocyanine derivative Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films on metal electrodes were studied. Two kinds of phthalocyanine derivatives (C6PcCu and CuttbPc) were examined as a function of the number of deposited layers. The distributions of spatial excess charge density and of electronic state at the metal/film interface were determined. It was found that these two distributions clearly depend on the two kinds of phthalocyanine derivatives.


Relates to a lithium secondary battery, the positive electrode active material that works as a terminal voltage of the region in excess of 4.3V, we propose a new cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery that can improve further the output characteristics. In metal Li reference potential, of the whole surface or a portion of the surface of the lithium-containing manganese composite oxide particles (hereinafter also referred to as "core particles") that serves as the terminal voltage of the region in excess of 4.3V, at least Ti or Al or Zr or their 2 offers a more kinds, and a lithium secondary battery positive electrode active material containing a positive electrode active material particle having the a layer containing the C.


The petroleum-built environment is an important area of concern, which mainly includes refinery and storage facilities. Since its hazardous nature leading unexpected accidents and disasters, the safety of petroleum-built environment has become a vital requirement to eliminate the hazards associated with the petroleum process. However, a comprehensive study on safe handling of petroleum products in Sri Lanka is not reported so far. Hence, this study aimed at enhancing the health and safety in handling process of petroleum products in refinery and storage facilities. A comprehensive literature review was initially conducted on the petroleum products handling process, and national and international safety guidelines. Case study method was used since this study requires an in-depth investigation. Two prominent cases for refinery and storage facilities were studied to collect the data. Content analysis technique was used to analyse the data. The findings revealed that Factories Ordinance, National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Guideline, Occupational Health and Safety Assessment Series (OHSAS) standard, and National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Guideline are commonly considered in ensuring health and safety of petroleum-built environment. Further, the chronic deceases in lungs and heart, cancers, high noise generation, unwillingness to use personal protective equipment (PPE), bowser and wagon accidents, fuel fire risk, pipeline leakages, and water and soil pollution were highlighted as common health and safety issues in refinery and storage. Finally, various strategies were proposed to overcome the identified health and safety issues ensuring the health and safety of petroleum-built environment.


This study wants to see how important the ijtihad by Muhammad Iqbal is on religious knowledge and experience which often causes conflicts of thought among Western and Islamic intellectuals. In his reform efforts, Iqbal focused his attention on the formation of Muslim personalities, through the concept of ego or khudi (personal, self, self-hod). In this context, this article also wants to discuss in detail the implications of Iqbal's thoughts for theology and poverty. This is important, because according to Iqbal, Islamic theology has been stagnant for about 500 years. So that the space for ijtihad is not very developed, and causes Muslims to fall into poverty. It is necessary to review Iqbal's thoughts about insan kamil (perfect human) which can only be achieved if it has passed three phases, namely obedience to the law, self-control, and awareness as God's representative. This research is also in the form of library research on the concept of ijtihad in Muhammad Iqbal's Islamic perspective. As an analytical tool, the author uses a historical-philosophical approach that relates to the history and thoughts of a person who has a deeper and comprehensive meaning. This paper concludes, first, the ijtihad carried out by Muhammad Iqbal is centered on Islamic sciences, such as theology, Sufism, interpretation and so on which have an impact on religious experience, thought, and the formation of good individuals in Islamic society. Second, consistent with the above ijtihad, Muhammad Iqbal formulated the concept of khudi and insan kamil. The concept of insan kamil Iqbal is a further development of the concept of khudi. Therefore, the author synthesizes the two concepts as a subtilization or importance of ijtihad in Muhammad Iqbal's religious perspective.


ly by infrastructure maintenance and development. In this paper, we outline the design of a visual support system that provides three-dimensional visual information using three-dimensional virtual sound. Three-dimensional information is obtained by analyzing images captured by stereo cameras, and recognizing the objects needed by the visually impaired user. Using the three-dimensional virtual acoustic display, which relies on Head Related Transfer Functions, the user is informed of the 1ocations and movements of objects. The user's auditory sense is not impeded as we use a bone conduction headset, which does not block out environmental sound. The proposed system is expected to be useful in the situation where the infrastructure is incomplete, and when the situation changes in realtime. We plan to experiment with it, for example, to guide users in walking and playing sports.


The principal result of the present work consists in the proof that an intersection of quadrics passing through a canonical curve is a reduced variety. The possible cases when the intersection of quadrics does not coincide with the curve itself are also examined in this article. Figures: 1. Bibliography: 8 references.


This study is trying to reconstruct the lake status and regional palaeoclimate character based on XRD data and Pediastrumalgae from the core JLT11-A of Jilantai Salt Lake during the Last Glaical Maximum(LGM).The result suggested that the main minerals of the sediments were clastics(~85%)dominated by Quartz and Albite and about 10% of carbonates(mainly calcite),and both of them could be transported from land by strong winds,thus indicated a cold-dry climate as other palaeoclimatic records suggested.Although the sum of Chloride and sulfate minerals were generally less than 5%,its continuous appearance of Chloride suggested a basically high salinity.Therefore,the Pediastrum was not possible from the lake,but was transported by rivers.Mineral assemblage of Jilantai Lake is more connected with terrestrial material input and it is difficult to directly trace the lake water salinity.By comparing to the other records from neighboring regions,the LGM summer precipitation was higher than deglaciation period,while,it was lower comparing to the late MIS3 stage.The pattern of Jilantai Salt Lake evolution from LGM to the Last Deglaciation suggested that the mineral assemblage variations and lake status were strongly affected by the summer insolation,global and regional temperature,and Asian summer monsoon intensity.


Based on the scenarios proposed in the 2018 IPCC Special Report, about 5 Gt of CO2 per year should be mitigated using carbon capture and storage to limit increase in global temperature to 1.5°C. Current global geologic CO2 storage is about 40 Mt/yr and data from these existing projects do not adequately demonstrate CO2 storage feasibility at the scale of gigatons per year. In this study, we investigate gigaton-scale geologic CO2 storage feasibility using data from thousands of produced water disposal wells in the U.S. To evaluate gigaton-scale geologic CO2 storage feasibility, we investigate three main questions: (i) Is it technically feasible to inject gigatons of CO2 every year in the subsurface? (ii) How many wells are needed to inject a gigaton of CO2? (iii) What is the expected increase in pressure in subsurface when such a large amount of CO2 is injected? For this study, data from produced water disposal wells in the onshore region of the Texas Gulf Coast and Louisiana are analyzed. The data analysis shows that both at the national scale and the Gulf Coast regional scale, it is technically feasible to store gigatons of CO2 per year. Produced water injection wells with injection rates equivalent to 1 MtCO2/yr already exist, and with such rates, relatively few wells are needed to reach the 1 GtCO2 per year goal. Finally, we can expect low pressure buildup even for high-rate injection wells in suitable storage/disposal formations. In summary, this study provides a detailed analysis of produced water data and implications for gigaton-scale CO2 storage.


The research objective is a system that can determine the right home industry business in the midst of business competition, and to implement the TOPSIS technique when the Decision Support object sets the home industry right in the midst of intense competition. The categories used in this observation are initial capital, monthly working budget analysis, profit analysis, whether the selected business category is a variety of businesses with different types of enthusiasts, and there are various competitors with the same type of business. The data is taken based on the Home industry type of food. Decision Support System designed using TOPSIS technique, PHP programming language, Laravel framework, MySQL as database management, and Black-box Testing as the method used to test the functionality of the system that has been built. Based on the tests applied using the Black-box Testing technique, the conclusion of the test shows that the system made in series is as expected. In other words, the system designed will be able to help users who are just starting a Home industry business in determining which products to sell.


A study was carried to investigate by placing a side stream filter in a cooling tower to observe the water conservation in the system. For any coal based power plant cycles of concentration plays important role for water conservation. The cycles of concentration in cooling tower was increased by installation of membrane system. The drain of the side stream filter was disposed to effluent treatment plant (ETP), while the filtered water will be recycled to the cooling tower inlet. The water parameter was measured by using various flow rates, pressure, and other factors. Significant water savings were demonstrated in the pilot. Maximum make-up water and outflow were both reduced by 14% and 48%, respectively. To save the most water, permeate recovery must be as high as possible. Water savings were minimal due to silica scaling on the membranes. Selected membranes are capable of lower total dissolved system (TDS) rejection than the 88% of total required membranes in the primary study, which might help to save water. The increased energy consumed by membrane treatment was compensated for by lower water outlays. To prevent scaling antiscalent chemical with chemical dosing system was installed along with membrane system.


Sheet forming technologies have recently evolved for continuous fibre reinforced thermoplastic materials. Stamp forming is gaining in importance. Because of very low cycle times this method is very suitable for the production of simple parts. Although the advantages of stamp forming are obvious, the main characteristics have not been investigated sufficiently yet. In this report a deep drawing tool is described, which enables a standardized investigation of the maximum drawing depth of any chosen material. The deep drawing of fabric reinforced thermoplastic sheets has been examined using various geometrical moulds, punch radii and drawing depths. The results of these investigations, and of others concerned with wrinkle formation, are presented in this paper.


Glomus tumors are benign and rare tumors, (1-2% of soft tissue tumors of the hand). They are usually located in the distal extremities (fingers, palms and soles), subungueal in 50% of cases. The symptoms that characterize this pathology in 63-100% are local hypersensitivity, sensitivity to cold, intermittent and severe pain. The definitive diagnosis is histological. Clinical tests allow an objective identification of these lesions. We present a case of a 69-year-old female patient with a 2-year history of pain in the distal extremity of the second finger of the right hand, with the associated symptoms of local hypersensitivity and exacerbation of pain with cold. She had all positive clinical tests and had ultrasonography that was compatible with glomus tumor. An excision was made and the resection sample was sent for histological study that confirmed the diagnosis.


Capital structure selection of PPP projects is an important issue of project financing,which affects the ending of these projects. A PPP project company is different from a general company. It is therefore necessary to analyze factors affecting capital structure of PPP projects. Through theoretical analysis, literature review, and interviewing experts familiar with PPP, factors affecting capital structure of PPP projects are identified. The importance of these factors is then ranked based on a questionnaire survey and data analysis. Compared to existing theories and relevant research, this study found that some of the factors are particularly important for PPP project companies. The findings are helpful for the decision-making of PPP financing.


A portable object (10), comprising: an integrated circuit (11), mechanically and electrically connected to the first integrated circuit pads (11), (12) and mechanically and electrically connected to an integrated circuit (11) a second pads (13). The portable object (10) is designed such that when the portable object (10) in the vicinity (33) and a second conductive line of the first conductive line (34) when the first pad (12) to the first conductive line (33 ) capacitive coupling pads and a second capacitive coupling (13) to the second conductive line (34) for data transmission.


Mino Ngremboko Fish Cultivator Group (or Pokdakan Mino Ngremboko) is the pioneer of fish cultivation, which has been developing rapidly since its establishment in April 1987 until now (the beginning of 2021). Corona Virus Disease (Covid-19) pandemic has been attacking Indonesia violently (since March 2, 2020), disrupting the supply chain of the fish cultivation business. The negative impact is a decline in revenue significantly. Mino Ngremboko Cultivator, for instance, has been affected by the pandemic with an average revenue (demand) loss of 50-70 percent. In addition, business resilience becomes very crucial which comprises business continuity that represents the ability of businesses to rapidly adapt and respond to the pandemic crisis (EIB, IBRD, 2022). The objective of the study is to assess the resilience and supply chain integration of the Mino Ngremboko Cultivator in facing the Covid-19 pandemic and beyond. Method this study uses the inductive-qualitative approach through a case study of Mino Ngremboko Cultivator. Data was collected through unstructured interviews and observation from November  2020 to March  2021. The study results provide three constructive insights, especially for managing Mino Ngremboko Cultivator and Fish Cultivator Group in general for sustaining their businesses. (1) Supply chain resilience is relatively good, which was shown by the average of productivity 1,10 from March 2019 to March 2021; (2) supply chain integration of fish cultivation business was not optimally implemented yet, and (3) Pokdakan Mino Ngremboko's business recovery strategy to optimise the practices of supply chain integration based on the digital marketing as well as downstream and commercialisation the output of fish cultivation. These recovery strategies require the support of improving organisation capability and stakeholder alignment to contribute to sustainable development (benefits for the social and ecological environment) in 2022 and beyond.


6 soldiers were allowed to determine their own pedaling rates and rest periods while completing a certain amount of pedal revolutions on a bicycle ergometer. Inspired oxygen concentration (21% O2, 12% O2), pedal resistance (2 kg, 3 kg) and motivational contingency (extra pedaling required for slower performance) were varied. Decreasing oxygen concentration and increasing pedal resistance had similar effects on some aspects of self-pacing behavior and different effects on others. The motivational contingency did not significantly affect performance.


Nowadays,how to assess the performance of eco-industrial parks(EIPs) quantitatively and scientifically becomes one of the research focuses.Eco-efficiency(EE) is a quantitative description of the interaction between environment and economy,and also gives consideration to economic benefit and ecological benefit.Based on the theory of eco-efficiency,the paper puts forward a set of indicators of eco-industrial parks,and then measures and evaluates the eco-efficiency indicators by a case study of TEDA eco-industrial park to quantitatively assess the comprehensive performance of eco-industrial parks,and to provide some information for decision-making.


[Abstract]: Relying on text-based instruction may be disenfranchising many students, whilst technology enhanced environments can provide real advantages to an ever increasing market of non-traditional learners. This research demonstrates higher levels of engagement are possible when a neomillennial learning approach is adopted to cater for a diverse range of student learning styles and backgrounds.


A new hydrophobic method of regenerated silk fibroin was introduced here, in which glycerol was used as the inducer. As a consequence, the soluble form of silk was transformed into hydrophobic form, which hence suggests glycerol has a significant effect of hydrophobic induction. Then the morphology and mechanical properties of the hydrophobic silk fibroin was respectively shown by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and strain test. The results showed induced silk fibroin had a compact surface and good mechanical property. Finally, the induction mechanism of glycerol was discussed that glycerol could soften the fibroin's structure during dry process ,which was the main reason leading to β-sheets of fibroin partly being rebuilt and then the hydrophobic transformation being achieved.


PurposeStudies on organizational failure learning have focused on whether and how organizations learn from failures but have paid limited attention on the persistence of failure learning. This study centers on failure recidivism and answers why organizations would fall into repeated failures after learning from them.Design/methodology/approachBased on a sample of Chinese publicly listed firms that once recovered from special treatment status, the authors use event history technique and Cox proportional hazards regression model.FindingsThe authors find that reviviscent firms with higher interlock centrality are less likely to decline again, and underperforming partners can strengthen the role of interlock tie in failure recidivism. By contrast, politically connected reviviscent firms are more likely to decline again, and this effect attenuates for firms located in more market-oriented regions.Research limitations/implicationsThe authors' contribution comes from the close integration of literature on failure learning and network embeddedness perspective to examine how social networks affect the learning process of failure recidivism.Practical implicationsThe study provides important practical implications for organizations, especially those that once experienced failures or are experiencing failures.Originality/valueCombining organizational learning theory and network embeddedness perspective, the study provides novel insights into answering how firms embedded in different types of social networks affect failure learning persistence differently.


This essay explores how notions relating to the local and global are articulated in the works of the artist Subodh Gupta. I also consider how such terms relate to the notion of 'Indianness.' My examination is grounded within materiality, in particular the stainless steel utensils that have become the artist's primary, most well-known medium. This material is a culturally-specific phenomenon, located in a number of contexts within India (Gupta's country of origin). It is also associated with Gupta's ascent, when he became globally renowned in the mid-to-late 2000s, gaining recognition through his stainless steel sculptures and installations, as well as paintings depicting such objects.


During the summer of 2011 several outbreaks of heavy thunderstorms affected northern England. One such event was on Saturday 6 August, when an area of thunderstorms moved northwards and expanded rapidly across much of northern England, particularly the northeast where the sudden development of the outbreak resulted in local flooding. The meteorological aspects were very interesting, involving the coupling of an area of upper tropospheric forcing from the Atlantic with a pre-existing mesoscale warm anomaly that had formed over southern England the previous day. Met Office high-resolution numerical models provided good warning of the potential for this development and offer insight into some of the mechanisms involved.


Monoclonal antibodies are potentially useful therapeutic agents and can now be produced in hosts such as bacteria. However, it has been found that bacterial expression of some antibody‐combining site fragments is greatly diminished. We compared two homologous anti‐arsonate antibodies, 36–65 and 36–71, to address the question of why the former but not the latter expresses well as Fab in E. coli. These antibodies are both derived from the same variable region germline genes but differ in affinity due to somatic mutations present in 36–71. To investigate the poor expression of 36–71 Fab, we examined several factors, such as cellular toxicity, induction with isopropylthio‐β‐d‐galactoside, and growth of transformed bacteria at lower temperatures (30 °C), as well as the possibility of E.coli strain‐related expression of Fab. However, none of these factors made a significant difference to Fab expression. We next localized a significant portion of the defect in Fab expression to the heavy chain by swapping the heavy and light chains from the two antibodies to construct hybrid Fabs. We used site‐directed mutagenesis to engineer amino acids into the variable regions of antibody 36–71, to reproduce those found in 36–65 which is expressed well in E. coli. The defect in expression is due to residues located in the complementarity‐determining regions, as mutations of heavy chain framework residues to those present in 36–65 do not enhance expression of 36–71 Fab in E. coli.


1. Apparently the first case of undulant fever reported in Australia was of foreign origin, and the diagnosis was made by T. Storie Dixson and Archie Aspinall (1908). The infection was probably due to Brucella melitensis. 2. The first indigenous cases were reported by W. J. Penfold and H. M. Butler, and the infection in these cases was probably due to Brucella abortus (1930). 3. The first indigenous case now reported in New South Wales occurred in close association with contagious abortion in cattle, and the agglutination results point to a Brucella abortus infection.


The development of programming language has long not been driven by pedagogical requirements of novice programmers. Language designers are normally domain experts and they generally neglect problems faced by novice programmers in the language design process. In this research, we highlight different pedagogical approaches used by many schools of thought. We highlight the pros and cons of these approaches, and find imperative first object later approach is most suitable for novice programmers.


Male white rats of the Sprague-Dawley strain were maintained on a well-defined diet deficient in thiamine, and a) various physiologic factors of importance to infection, b) phagocytosis and c) susceptibility to infection were studied. Adequate numbers of inanition and ad libitum control animals were included. The following physiologic factors were studied: a) the cellular composition of the peripheral blood, b) complement activity, c) cellular migration in inflammation, d) the cellular composition of the exudate in inflammation and e) "leukotaxine" activity.
 The following observations were made from these studies: No change was noted in the total leucocyte count in the peripheral blood. An increase in erythrocytes and hemoglobin concentration was evident in the thiamine deficient and inanition controls. Differential cell counts of the blood leucocytes of the vitamin deficient and inanition controls showed an absolute and relative increase in polymorphonuclear cells and a reduction in the percentage of lymphocytes.Complement activity of the sera of the thiamine deficient rats was less than either the inanition or ad libitum control rats.There was a marked decrease (50%) in the total number of leucocytes in the peritoneal exudates of the thiamine deficient animals when inflammation was established.A relative granulocytosis with an absolute decrease was observed in the exudates removed from the inflamed areas of the deficient animals as compared with the controls.No alteration in capillary permeability, as measured by the Menkin dye accumulation technique, was noted in any group.Thiamine deficiency had no apparent effect on the capacity of the leucocyte to phagocytize Diplococcus pneumoniae. Phagocytosis was approximately the same in all groups of animals.Thiamine deficient animals were highly susceptible to D. pneumoniae. However, after receiving 40 μg of thiamine daily for seven days, they were able to resist the invasion and infection.The reduced complement activity and cellular migration to the site of inflammation suggest that these significant factors play a role in the inability of a thiamine deficient animal to resist bacterial infection.


Purpose – Alliance members have constantly revised market strategies over time by withdrawing membership from a current alliance, joining another alliance, or constructing a new alliance. From the perspective of the signaling effect, the purpose of this study is to analyze the impacts of partner volatility (new member, old member, and new group) on firm value.

Design/methodology – To analyze the impact of partner volatility on firm value, companies in strategic alliances are classified into the three groups of new partner, existing partner, and new alliance, and the effects on company value are verified through an event study and the signaling effect analysis.

Findings – This study proved that new partners and newly formed strategic alliances have higher expectation effects than old partner company groups, and have a more positive effect on the relevant firms' stock prices. In addition, the result of the study showed the same valid results as the alliance levels, and showed that investors' expectations were higher with new partners and new alliances than with old partners.

Research Implications – A new perspective on the signaling effects of strategic alliances among shipping lines was presented in this study by grouping alliance types including new member, old member, and new group. The results provide useful insights for selecting partners and firm values of alliance announcement times.

Originality/value – This study analyzed partner volatility on relevant companies' stock prices from the perspective of investors from the global shipping conference reorganization in 2017. Strategic alliances were classified into the three categories of new partner, old partner, and new alliance, and the effects on firm value were verified.


This paper describes the application of the order-marching time-domain (OMTD) method coupled with the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) to the solution of eigenvalue problems. In the cylindrical coordinate system, the resonant frequencies of the TE01 δ modes of a millimeter-wave cylindrical cavity dielectrically loaded at the base are determined. The results obtained with our proposed method are compared to the theoretical solutions and results with the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method.


Bluetooth scatternets are formed by interconnecting Bluetooth piconets in an ad-hoc fashion and consists typically of the handheld electronic devices from one or more user(s). Thus, scatternets may be used to form and interconnect ad-hoc Bluetooth personal area networks (PANs). The inter-piconet Bluetooth units, i.e. the gateways interconnecting the piconets in a scatternet, need to time division multiplex their presence in each of their piconets. This requires an inter-piconet scheduling (IPS) algorithm, operating in each inter-piconet unit in order to efficiently coordinate its presence with other Bluetooth units. In this paper an IPS algorithm based on periodic rendezvous points is proposed and analyzed with simulations, The algorithm is called maximum distance rendezvous point (MDRP) and utilizes the Bluetooth SNIFF functionality to establish the periodic rendezvous points between gateways and their peer nodes. Simulation results show that TCP works well with MDRP, but the large round trip delays caused by the inter-piconet gateway nodes give a slowly growing flow control window for TCP. The latter will in particular have an impact on the TCP performance in scatternets hosting "thin" (embedded) clients with limited dynamic memory capacity.


"Freedom, wherever it existed as a tangible reality, has always been spatially limited. This is especially clear for the greatest and most elementary of all negative liberties, the freedom of movement; the borders of national territory or the walls of the city state comprehended and protected a space in which man could move freely. Treaties of international guarantees provide an extension of this territorially bound freedom for citizens outside their own country, but even under these modern conditions the elementary coincidence of freedom and a limited space remains manifest. What is true for freedom of movement is to a large extent valid for freedom in general. Freedom in a positive sense is possible only among equals, and equality itself is by no means a universally valid principle but, again, applicable only with limitations and even within spatial limits." (Emphasis added) Hannah Arendt, On Revolution, 1963 1


The photosynthetic sulfur bacterium Chlorobium phaeobactereoides found in Lake Kinneret harbors three homologues of bacteriochlorophyll e (Bchl e ). The ratios between the Bchl e homologues found in samples from the metalimnion are approximately constant and perennially stable. The proportion of Bchl e homologues in a laboratory isolate of Ch. phaeobactereoides was different from that found in the lake population, but resistant to changes in light, even if cultures were exposed to light intensity 2-3 orders of magnitude higher than the intensity experienced by the bacterium under natural conditions. Exposure of cultures in the lake did not induce changes in the proportion of pigments, indicating that the isolate maintained in the culture collection is intrinsically different from the genotypes that build up most of Ch.phaeobactereoides in Lake Kinneret. We found a positive relationship between light intensity and carotenoid content in laboratory experiments implying the photoprotective role of those compounds. The laboratory isolate also showed two unknown carotenoids, never found before in lake samples. Those carotenoids are less polar than -carotene, and showed absorption peaks at 427 and 451 nm, and 429 and 451 nm, in methanol.


In the first placet from the classical point of view, we take two potential models, namely, the double-well-potential model and cosine-potential model, to study the classical motion of particles in channel and, at the same time, the capture state and non capture state of particles in channel are discussed. Moreover, from quantum aspect, we study the propagation of wave function of particles in channel.


An integral element of the Life Sciences for a Global Community (LSGC) Institute is a comprehensive assessment program targeted at participating teachers and their students. The goal of this program is to document teacher content knowledge changes as they progress through the Institute. Student content knowledge is also assessed to examine the relationship between teacher and student content knowledge. The underlying rationale for this work is that a direct relationship exists between teacher and student content knowledge. Thus, developing teacher content knowledge is a worthwhile strategy for improving student performance in science.


The final application I will present for marking will be a movie application, designed specifically for movie enthusiasts like myself. The application allows the user to search for any given film in a database and receive information about Z film. I also plan to have a youtube functionality which will allow the user of the application to view new trailers on YouTube. Along with several other functions, my desire is to have some facebook functions in which the user can use there Facebook account to log on and maybe even post something directly from the application.

When I first approached this fourth year and final project I had several ideas that I felt where viable for a project, one other idea was a media player created in C using Microsoft visual studio, which is the same tech we used for our third year XNA game project, but after much thinking and brainstorming, I decided that I could do more with a iPhone application and plus I would be learning an entirely new programming language and system, so I went out and bought a MacBook Pro and the movie idea well that was obvious for me because I am movie mad and it's the Application I would want as a App Store shopper.

My original aims have changed somewhat from what they where to what they are now and in a grander direction. Originally I just wanted a basic database based app, which is very hard to do itself since the database has to be created in SQLite3 and then the application must be coded around the database, but then I started to think of more fun and practical uses for a movie application which I would eventually name Flix (the name came from the use a touch screen phone ad just made sense).

So now my aims are to have some a news feed and YouTube as well as implementing other frameworks to do so. There is also one or two little ideas that I think will be cool for my application, such as a quote of the week sound board.


OBJECTIVE
Postoperative intracerebral hemorrhages are significant complications following brain stereotactic biopsy. They can derive from anatomical structure (sulci, vessels) damage that is missed during stereotactic trajectory planning. In this study, the authors investigated the ability to detect contact between structures at risk and stereotactic trajectories using signal analysis from MRI obtained during clinical practice, with the aim to propose a visual tool to highlight areas with anatomical structures at risk of damage along the biopsy trajectory.

METHODS
The authors retrospectively analyzed actual stereotactic trajectories using intraoperative imaging (intraoperative 2D radiographs in the exploratory data set and intraoperative 3D scans in the confirmatory data set). The MR signal variation along each biopsy trajectory was matched with the patient's anatomy.

RESULTS
In the exploratory data set (n = 154 patients), 32 contacts between the actual biopsy trajectory and an anatomical structure at risk were identified along 28 (18.2%) biopsy trajectories, corresponding to 8 preventable intracerebral hemorrhages. Variations of the mean derivative of the MR signal intensity were significantly different between trajectories with and without contact (the pathological threshold of the mean derivative of the MR signal intensity was defined as ± 0.030 arbitrary units; p < 0.0001), with a sensitivity of 89.3% and specificity of 74.6% to detect a contact. In the confirmatory data set (n = 73 patients), the sensitivity and specificity of the 0.030 threshold to detect a contact between the actual stereotactic trajectory and an anatomical structure at risk were 81.3% and 68.4%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
Variations of the mean derivative of the MR signal intensity can be converted into a green/red color code along the planned biopsy trajectory to highlight anatomical structures at risk, which can help neurosurgeons during the surgical planning of stereotactic procedures.


The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of ADEPPTTM on growth performance and fecal score in weaning pigs. At weaning, a total of 54 pigs, 7.47 ± 0.79 kg of initial body weight (BW), were assigned to 3 treatments in 3 replicates with 6 pigs per pen based on sex, breed, and BW for a 28-d feeding trial. The pigs were fed corn-soybean meal-based diets containing 0.0, 0.5, and 1.0% of ADEPPTTM (Proprietary product of Vets Plus, Inc., Menomonie, WI) in 2 phases (d 0-14 and d 15-28 postweaning, respectively). In the first week (d 3-5 postweaning) of the trial, a diarrhea pig was removed from each pen when diarrhea was observed, housed in the separate pens within treatment (n=3 pigs per treatment) and then treated with a 100-ml solution of electrolytes and ADEPPTTM by drenching for 3 days. Growth performance and fecal score (1=normal to 4=watery diarrhea) were measured. All data were analyzed by ANOVA using GLM procedure of SAS for linear and quadratic effects of increasing ADEPPTTM levels. There were no significant differences in BW, ADG, and ADFI throughout the entire period whereas a quadratic trend was observed in G:F for overall period with increasing ADEPPTTM levels (P< 0.10; 0.583, 0.621, and 0.586 for 0.0, 0.5, and 1.0% of ADEPPTTM levels, respectively) with the greatest value in the 0.5% ADEPPTTM treatment. Fecal score tended to decrease linearly with increasing ADEPPTTM levels during d 0-7 postweaning (P=0.11; 1.88, 1.81, and 1.57, respectively). There was no significant difference on fecal score of diarrhea pigs while ADG tended to increase linearly in d 21-28 postweaning (P=0.08; 533.6, 700.2, and 853.9 g/d, respectively) with increasing ADEPPTTM levels. This result indicated that ADEPPTTM could have a potential to enhance growth performance of weaning pigs at 0.5% level and might be effective on postweaning diarrhea pigs.


The election campaigns in Poland have become oriented to the still more extent on fighting back
the political opponents. Only seldom we can watch skirmishes about programmes and battles with
the use of substantial arguments. Instead, we observe more and more mutual accusations, personal
reproaches and attempts of slandering the opponent using unethical methods. The attitude of one
politician to another assumed quite special features both on the level of verbal behaviour and their
attitudes. Almost in every election campaign since the year 1989 the voters have had the occasions
to observe the behaviours of politicians which were far from the moral standards and which
significantly lowered the level of political culture in Poland. Since a few years rival discreditations,
intrigues, announcing untrue information about opponents and creation of media facts have dominated
during the election battles. Occurrences of such type are crucial for political alienation among
the citizens and contribute to preservation of a negative picture of the politics itself as a sort of
dishonest and immoral activity. Various methods of depreciation of opponents are still more and more
willingly used. This paper will discuss selected behaviours of political competitors towards each other;
also an attempt will be undertaken to assess those behaviours from the ethics' point of view.


The Nightjar populations of Yorkshire's upland forests have grown significantly during recent years, probably as a result of a concurrent increase in the available area of suitable habitat due to forest management. In common with other populations it appears that the birds utilize younger, more open plantations. Comparison, based on discriminant analysis, of the habitat characteristics of forest plantations occupied and unoccupied by Nightjars suggests two things. First, that birds are more likely to occupy larger rather than smaller clearings and, second, that the study populations are close to their maxima. However, with continuing rotational felling, the area should continue to support a similar population.


Gab2, a docking‐type signaling protein with demonstrated oncogenic potential, is overexpressed in breast cancer, but its prognostic significance and role in disease evolution remain unclear. Immunohistochemical detection of Gab2 in a large cohort of primary human breast cancers of known outcome revealed that while Gab2 expression was positively correlated with increased tumor grade, it did not correlate with disease recurrence or breast cancer‐related death in the total cohort or in patients stratified according to lymph node, estrogen receptor (ER) or HER2 status. Interestingly, analysis of a "progression series" that included premalignant and preinvasive breast lesions as well as samples of metastatic disease revealed that Gab2 expression was significantly enhanced in the earliest lesion examined, usual ductal hyperplasia, with a further increase detected in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Furthermore, expression was less in invasive cancers and lymph node metastases than in DCIS, but still higher than in normal breast. These findings indicate that while Gab2 expression is not prognostic in breast cancer, its role in early disease evolution warrants further analysis, as Gab2 and its effectors may provide targets for novel strategies aimed at preventing breast cancer development.


A series of rubber plastic blends of PMVS/EVA were prepared by mechanical blending. Their mechanical properties were studied,as well as the microstructures and thermal stabilities.. The results showed that when the content of EVA was kept the same,the mechanical properties of PMVS/EVA varied with different VA content. EVA630 (VA content 15%) was the most effective in improving the strength of PMVS; as the increasing content of EVA630,the tensile strength of PMVS/EVA blends went down first,and then went up. When the content of EVA increased to 40 phr,the mechanical properties of the rubber plastic blends were the best,. SEM photographs showed is bicontinuous phase micro-morphology.


With increased demand for high resolution ultrasonic evaluation, computer based systems or work stations become essential. The ultrasonic spectroscopy method of nondestructive evaluation (NDE) was used to develop a high resolution ultrasonic inspection system supported by modern signal processing, pattern recognition, and neural network technologies. The basic system which was completed consists of a 386/20 MHz PC (IBM AT compatible), a pulser/receiver, a digital oscilloscope with serial and parallel communications to the computer, an immersion tank with motor control of X-Y axis movement, and the supporting software package, IUNDE, for interactive ultrasonic evaluation. Although the hardware components are commercially available, the software development is entirely original. By integrating signal processing, pattern recognition, maximum entropy spectral analysis, and artificial neural network functions into the system, many NDE tasks can be performed. The high resolution graphics capability provides visualization of complex NDE problems. The phase 3 efforts involve intensive marketing of the software package and collaborative work with industrial sectors.


A prospective study to assess the clinical risk factors and the drug utilization pattern in female patients with gestational hypertension Mathew George email@example.com Pushpagiri College of Pharmacy, Thiruvalla, Kerala Lincy Joseph firstname.lastname@example.com Pushpagiri College of Pharmacy, Thiruvalla, Kerala Naveena Susan Symon email@example.com Pushpagiri College of Pharmacy, Thiruvalla, Kerala


ABSTRACT The dredger fill dewatering effect of vacuum preloading incorporated with electro-osmosis in different ways was evaluated by implementing six laboratory tests. The results of these tests show that the asynchronous consolidation effect of vacuum preloading incorporated with electro-osmosis was better than the other tests. However, vacuum preloading and electro-osmosis will not be able to give full play to the drainage effect, if the alternate time is too short. Alternatively, the energy provided by vacuum preloading and electro-osmosis will not be able to make full use, if the alternate time is too long. There are some advantages when using vacuum preloading and electro-osmosis asynchronous reinforcement. The alternate time of vacuum preloading and electro-osmosis has to constantly adjust according to the water discharge or drainage rate in engineering application.


Taking the experiences acclimated in the laboratory standardization management as a base,this thesis carefully explores the work of laboratory measurement certification,with a view to explore a kind of operable and broad popular sense of "laboratory standardized management approach".


The deficit in electricity and high diesel costs affects the pumping requirements of community water supplies and irrigation; so using solar energy for water pumping is a promising alternative to conventional electricity and diesel based pumping systems. Solar water pumping is based on photovoltaic (PV) technology that converts solar energy into electrical energy to run a DC or AC motor based water pump. An automated irrigation system was designed based on Bluetooth to use in the agricultural crops. The Bluetooth is a wireless radio communication between the farmers Smartphone and the Arduino. The Bluetooth is preferred because of its cost efficient, so that it can be affordable to almost all farmers. This paper describes the details of the design and instrumentation of wireless network, control of irrigation system with correct soil, water, and temperature. Date of Submission: 03-03-2021 Date of Acceptance: 17-03-2021


For the first time to our knowledge we demonstrate that simply using all free parameters of the single recirculating PC PMD emulator leads to near ideal statistical distribution, making it an instrument of choice.


Elastin haploinsufficiency in Williams‐Beuren syndrome (WBS) leads to increased vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation and stenoses. Our objective was to generate a human induced pluripotent stem (hiPS) cell model for in vitro assessment of the WBS phenotype and to test the ability of candidate agents to rescue the phenotype. hiPS cells were reprogrammed from skin fibroblasts of a WBS patient with aortic and pulmonary stenosis and healthy control BJ fibroblasts using four‐factor retrovirus reprogramming and were differentiated into SMCs. Differentiated SMCs were treated with synthetic elastin‐binding protein ligand 2 (EBPL2) (20 μg/ml) or the antiproliferative drug rapamycin (100 nM) for 5 days. We generated four WBS induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell lines that expressed pluripotency genes and differentiated into all three germ layers. Directed differentiation of BJ iPS cells yielded an 85%–92% pure SMC population that expressed differentiated SMC markers, were functionally contractile, and formed tube‐like structures on three‐dimensional gel assay. Unlike BJ iPS cells, WBS iPS cells generated immature SMCs that were highly proliferative, showed lower expression of differentiated SMC markers, reduced response to the vasoactive agonists, carbachol and endothelin‐1, impaired vascular tube formation, and reduced calcium flux. EBPL2 partially rescued and rapamycin fully rescued the abnormal SMC phenotype by decreasing the smooth muscle proliferation rate and enhancing differentiation and tube formation. WBS iPS cell‐derived SMCs demonstrate an immature proliferative phenotype with reduced functional and contractile properties, thereby recapitulating the human disease phenotype. The ability of rapamycin to rescue the phenotype provides an attractive therapeutic candidate for patients with WBS and vascular stenoses.


Vital pulp therapy (VPT) is a viable treatment option for carious teeth with exposed pulps. To our knowledge, no study has examined the correlation between postoperative pain and the outcome of VPT on asymptomatic permanent teeth. The aim of this study was to examine whether odontogenic pain experienced after VPT on asymptomatic teeth with a carious pulp exposures is correlated with the progression of pulpal disease into a more inflamed or necrotic state. Direct pulp caps or partial pulpotomies using a tricalcium silicate (MTA Angelus, Angelus, Londrina, Brazil) were performed on asymptomatic permanent teeth using a standardized protocol. Patients were contacted at 24 h, 1 week, and 3 months following treatment and data was collected on post-operative pain and analgesic intake using a standardized questionnaire. At 6 months after treatment, an in-person clinical exam was performed which included standard vitality tests along with exposure of a periapical radiograph. Success was defined as an asymptomatic, functional tooth without any clinical or radiographic pathology. Data was analyzed using logistic regression. VPT was successful in 84.3% of patients at the 6 months timepoint. The percentage of patients that experienced pain at 24-h, 1 week, and 3-month time periods was 38, 22, and 12%, respectively. Pain at 3 months was significantly correlated with decreased outcome (p = 0.028). This data suggests that postoperative pain in the first 3 months after VPT is predictive of a poor treatment outcome.


The planned introduction of new buses on red arrow routes provides an opportunity to adopt a more standard method of fare collection. Various alternatives are being evaluated for bus management, and as part of this exercise the boarding times are estimated here for each alternative. The sensitivity of boarding times to the "easiness" of the fare, and to change giving is shown. The range in marginal boarding time is from 1.5 to 4.2 seconds per passenger - compared with 2.4 per present red arrows. The corresponding effect on round trip time in the evening peak is from A saving of about 1 1/4 minutes to an increase of nearly 2 1/2 minutes in a total round trip time of 35 to 40 minutes. The results are summarised in the table at the end of the memorandum. (A) /TRRL/


The Scandinavian markets are heavily influenced by the global economy and, as encouraging signs emerge from around the world, ports in the region are investing in equipment and infrastructure to cope with future demand. Dan Blows reports.


BACKGROUND: Femoral head osteotomy in cases of fractures or degenerative diseases is as a routine surgical procedure. Less duration of the healing period and the creation of minimal fibrous tissue and its replacement with bone tissue can be effective in return to health. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the histopathological changes following administration of platelet-rich plasma at the site of removed femoral head in rabbits. METHODS: Twenty male New Zealand white rabbits were distributed into two groups including: control (underwent femoral head osteotomy, FHO) and treatment (underwent FHO and planting the platelet-rich plasma on surgical site FHO+ PRP). In both groups after general anesthesia, femoral head was removed using standard method. In group 2, pre-prepared auto log PRP was used at the site of surgery. After eight weeks all animals were euthanised, femur and its surrounding healing tissues were cut 2cm far from the head of femur and removed. Slides were prepared from each sample through serial sectioning and were stained with H&E and Mason Trichrome. Qualitative changes such as granulation tissues, cartilage and bone formation and their organization and timeliness, thickness of collagen fibers and cellular changes were compared. To quantify the changes, whole surface of the Mason Trichrom stained samples underwent scan with ×50 magnifications and then area of different new formation tissues was measured. Average occupancy levels of each tissue, their ratio to whole surface of sample and to each other in two groups were calculated and compared. RESULTS: In PRP treated group ratio of cartilage tissue to granulation tissue and formation of bone to granulation tissue is significantly more than these parameters in control group. Results indicate faster healing on the damaged area in group 2. Also in group 2, cartilage and bone tissues formation in the healing process was more orderly. CONCLUSIONS: PRP could accelerate healing of bone tissue that is cut at the head of the rabbit's femur. So it seems that the use of PRP as a treatment protocol in these cases could be suggested.


For a generalized ordered space X, we have two important linearly ordered extensions. One of them is X* and the other one is L(X ). X* contains X as a closed subspace, and was defined by D. J. Lutzer. L(X ) contains X as a dense subspace, and was defined by T. Miwa and N. Kemoto. L(X ) is called the minimal extension of X . Let X be an Snormal GO-space or a GO-space with Property III. In this paper, we show that X* and L(X ) have such properties under some countability conditions.


2 Abstract: Cystic echinococcosis (CE), also known as hydatid disease, is an important zoonotic infection and public health problem in many areas of the world including Iran. A ten-year (1999-2009) retrospective study was carried out to investigate the medical files of the patients who operated on for hepatic and pulmonary cystic echinococcosis in Shohada-Tajrish and Imam Hossein hospitals, Tehran (capital of Iran). 177 patients (162 cases with hepatic hydatid cyst and 15 cases with pulmonary hydatid cyst), with a mean age of 40 years (range 6-82), were operated on for hydatid disease at two government university hospitals in Tehran. Most of our patients with hepatic hydatid cyst were pain on the right upper quadrant (32.10%), abdominal pain (26.54%) and nausea and vomiting (23.46%), whereas the commonest manifestations in those with pulmonary CE were cough (40%), dyspnea (33.33%), sputum production (33.33%), diminished breath sound (33.33%), chest pain (26.67%), haemoptysis (26.67%) and fever (26.67%). 27.16% of hepatic CE and 26.67% of pulmonary CE were asymptomatic. The present study indicated that the right lobe liver is affected in approximately three- quarters of hepatic hydatid disease. Although pulmonary cysts may establish in every lobe of the lungs, but they are more frequent in the right hemithorax. The size of the hydatid cysts ranged from 1.5 to 23 cm in their greater diameter and the largest cyst was approximately 23 ×18 cm. Among 132 intact and uncomplicated cystic echinococcosis lesions 31(23.5%) were smaller than 6 cm, 63 (47.7%) were between 6-10 cm, 25 (18.9%) were between 11-15 cm and 13 (9.9%) larger than 15 cm.