Olive cuttings root well using synthetic auxin indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). However, European and North American regulations do not allow the use of synthetic products to obtain organic vegetative propagation materials. In this work, we evaluated different products that could replace IBA in the propagation of olive cv. Cornicabra leafy-stem cuttings. In 2003, six products with a known auxin effect were assessed: IBA, algae extract, brewer's yeast, a bed of sunflower seed, seaweed dry extract (Sm-6 OrganicoTM), and an extract of macerated seeds (Terrabal OrganicoTM). The basal end of cuttings was treated with one of these products and placed on a mist bed with basal temperature control. After 2 months, rooting percentage, number of roots per cutting, number of cuttings with callus formation, and number of cuttings with basal thickening were determined. No significant differences were found in rooting percentage or number of roots per cutting between IBA and Terrabal OrganicoTM and Sm-6 OrganicoTM. These last products had significantly higher percentage of rooted cuttings without callus formation than IBA. In 2004, a new trial was conducted in which seven treatments were evaluated: IBA applied for 7 s; Terrabal OrganicoTM applied for 1, 4, and 8 h; and Sm-6 OrganicoTM applied for 1, 4, and 8 h. No significant differences in rooting percentage or number of roots per cutting were observed between IBA and Terrabal OrganicoTM applied for 1 h, whereas all the Sm-6 OrganicoTM treatments had significantly lower rooting percentages than IBA. Both rooting percentage and the percentage of rooted cuttings without callus development decreased significantly as treatment duration with Terrabal OrganicoTM increased. Therefore, Terrabal OrganicoTM could produce a toxic effect on cuttings when treatment duration is increased. Thus, Terrabal OrganicoTM could be a valid alternative to IBA in the propagation of organic olive plants of cv. Cornicabra when applied to the basal end of cuttings for 1 h


Abstract : A project was undertaken to evaluate currently used printed circuit board materials and processes. The procedure was to use combinations of the different types of commercially available photoresists and etchants to determine their fine line production capabilities. In the evaluation, the line widths were measured and compared with those of the artwork; also, the extent of undercutting was measured. From these data, a minimum line width limit was determined for each photoresist/photoresist thickness/etchant combination. (Author)


Physicians evaluating patients for syncope should strongly consider the possibility of a pulmonary embolism, according to a new study from Italy that found a surprisingly high incidence of pulmonary embolism among patients hospitalized for a first episode of syncope. The study, reported in the October 20 edition of The New England Journal of Medicine, identified pulmonary embolism in nearly one of every six patients admitted for first-time syncope. The prevalence of pulmonary embolism was highest, 24 percent, among patients who presented with syncope for which there was not a readily determined cause; the prevalence was 13 percent among patients with a potential explanation for why they temporarily lost consciousness. Paolo Prandoni, MD, PhD, the lead study author, told Neurology Today that it is important for neurologists and other clinicians who evaluate patients with syncope to include pulmonary embolism as a possibility so that any clots, if found, can be quickly addressed. "Pulmonary embolism is a serious and potentially lethal complication that can be treated effectively and safely with the available antithrombotic drugs; its prompt detection is crucial," Dr. Prandoni, professor of internal medicine and chief of the vascular medicine unit at the University of Padua, said in an email interview. Although most medical textbooks list pulmonary embolism among the possible causes of syncope, the prevalence of the problem is not known and physicians often fail to consider the possibility of pulmonary embolism, the researchers wrote.


: Image smoothing often leads to the loss of image details and distortion because of over smoothing. An image smoothing method is presented which combines 0 L optimization and the second-order Laplacian operator. Laplacian operator is used to constrain the color change of the image, and 0 L optimization is used to minimize the change of the color gradient, so as to achieve the purpose of smooth color transition of the image. In order to keep the edge features of the image better in the process of smoothing, Sobel operator is introduced as the regular term of energy function, and the alternating solution strategy is adopted to solve the energy function. In the ex-periment, using the classical image in the field of image smoothing and the image obtained through network en-gine, the proposed method is compared qualitatively and quantitatively with 6 smoothing methods and 7 denois-第 ing methods. The experimental results show that the proposed method can reduce the loss of image details while smoothing the image, effectively deal with the phenomenon of stepped edges and color block distribution in the image smoothing, and effectively remove various noises in the image. And the peak signal-to-noise ratio and run-ning time of the proposed method are improved compared with other methods.


Effects of antioxidants(BHA,BHT TBHQ)on the perilla o il were studied.The results of the best antioxidant,the best cooperation quantity a nd the quantity of citric acid were obtained.The content of α-linolenic acid d ecreased in the perilla oil because of oxidation reaction by determining its in gredient and the nutrition of perilla oil is destroyed.


The dynamics of nonlinear atmospheric planetary waves is determined by a small number of independent wave clusters consisting of a few connected resonant triads. We classified the different types of connections between neighboring triads that determine the general dynamics of a cluster. Each connection type corresponds to substantially different scenarios of energy flux among the modes. The general approach can be applied directly to various mesoscopic systems with 3-mode interactions, encountered in hydrodynamics, astronomy, plasma physics, chemistry, medicine, etc.


This article aims to know particular types of macro function and how its appear in the utterances on the drama. The writer uses purposive sampling technique to choose which sample were to be analyzed. The data were determined according to it needs and purpose of this research. The writer found some samples from this research. There are seventy samples which called hard sample. The result of this research is macro functions further divided into types but the writer only take five function namely: emotive (10), metalinguistic(13), directive (18), phatic (6), and referential (2).Keywords: Macro Function, Drama, and Discourse Analysis


Objective: Chinese Mongolian osteopathy has been passed down from ancient times and includes unique practices and favorable efficacy. In this study, we investigate the characteristics of individualized Chinese Mongolian osteopathy, in order to provide new principle and methods for the treatment of bone fracture. Method: With a view to provide a vital link between nature and humans, the four stages of Chinese Mongolian osteopathy focus on the unity of the mind and body, the limbs and body organs, the body and its functions, and humans and nature. Results: We discuss the merits of individualized osteopathy in terms of the underlying concepts, and evaluate the approaches and principles of traditional medicine, as well as biomechanics. Conclusions: The idea, manipulation and norm on reposition and heal of fracture in osteopathy of traditional Mongolian medicine in China astonishingly coincide with the theory on micro-mechanism of "stress adaptation - function adaptation" and with the principle on "structural continuity - functional wholeness" in repair and heal of fracture in modern orthopedics.This is the radical reason why osteopathy of traditional Mongolia medicine in China has been used so far and the direction in which the concept of osteopathy will develop wholly, dynamically and functionally.


Cell Biology
Every time a cell divides, it is faced with the problem of ensuring adequate distribution of all components to the daughter cells. This includes components that are present in relatively small numbers, like the mitochondria and their DNA-containing nucleoids. Jajoo et al. used quantitative time-lapse fluorescence microscopy of single yeast cells to explore how this works. Unlike chromosomes or macromolecules, mitochondria and nucleoids are distributed in proportion to the volume of cytoplasm received by each daughter cell. Partitioning errors are kept low by even distribution of the mitochondrial volume and roughly equal spacing of the nucleoids before they are distributed.

Science , this issue p. [169][1]

 [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aaa8714


The issue of Christianity and the local culture has been a discussion that continues to flourish. The issue of the challenge of preaching the Gospel, which was considered incompatible with the spirituality of the local community, has been contested since the first century. Paul, as an apostle, faced the challenge of preaching the gospel because of the exclusivity of early Christianity. This article is aimed at explaining Paul's teachings in 1 Corinthians 9:1-23 from a missiological point of view. This article is aimed at describing how Paul carried out his missionary work in a society of diverse cultures and spiritualities. The author intends to explain it through an exegesis that emphasizes the passage's historical, grammatical, and contextual aspects. Missionary work is a noble task from God. Cultural diversity requires missionaries to be flexible with cultural conditions without compromising the values of biblical theology. The mission does not have to uproot a person from his or her culture but can provide a new interpretation of that culture according to Christian truth. While giving new meaning to culture, the material of the mission must be Christocentric. Flexibility to local culture can reduce the level of resistance from local communities.


Biocorrosion or biofouling on ships hull occurs to the attachment of barnacles, mollusks and Other aquatic organisms on the surface of ships which leads to increase in fuel consumption, reduction of the vessels speed, premature failure of the hull, etc. Recent developments in antifouling paints, in general, prevent fouling in about 95% percent of the vessels underwater surface, which ship operators find satisfactory as far as the routine vessel operation is concerned. However, this is not sufficient enough to prevent the transport or invasion of alien species which result in numerous environmental issues that include reduction and extinction of native species and thereby seriously disrupting the natural ecosystems. Virtually all ocean going vessels are coated with antifouling paints, predominant among them are "Self polishing coatings" and "Foul Release Coatings". Both these coatings depend on hull shear forces caused by the motion of the vessel, by different mechanisms, to result in the hull to be essentially foul-free. Currently hulls are coated with a uniform layer of antifouling paints. However, CFD analysis conducted on various types of vessels have shown highly non-uniform wall stress distribution along the vessels hull. This results in premature paint failure for "Self polishing Coatings" and insufficient shear forces for "Foul release coatings" to release the attached fouling organisms. Both these factors contribute significantly to the transmigration of invasive species. Preliminary results of the current work indicate that certain areas of the vessel such as such as bow thrusters, sea chest, stern tube, rudder etc. are the likely areas to be heavily fouled thereby warranting special attention in such areas. Solutions to these issues include alternative paint schemes/formulations in the identified niche areas to account for non-uniform shear and polishing of paints. Such schemes would ultimately reduce the risk of transmigration of invasive species


Through a theoretical and empirical consideration of gift exchange we argue in this paper that those with legal interests in land have constructed property relations around a claim of reciprocity with nature. This has been used to legitimate the ways in which they have deployed their property power to exclude others, thus seeking to retain their dominion over both humans and nonhumans. In so doing, however, people with such interests have failed to understand the dynamic of gift relationships, with their inherent inculcation of subject and other, to the point where the exercise of power becomes contingent on the continued hegemony of property relations. Using the politics of recreational access to inland waters in England and Wales, we show that power—over both humans and nonhumans—is temporary and conditional in ways that are not fully theorised in most contemporary debates about property rights and their deployment on nonhuman subjects.


A multi-channel telemetry collector is designed to meet telemetering data acquisition of a mock bomb.Use FPGA as logic controller,propose an acquisition circuit based on analog switches cascade mode,it achieves data acquisition of 40 channels sensor signals and the collected data is compiled in form of frame and stored in memory. Analyze oscillation phenomenon appeared in acquisition circuit and propose solution,give method for multi-channel data frame-editing and acquisition and control timing. Experimental results show that property of the collector is reliable,acquisition precision is high and has good universality.


Multilevel models which combine individual and contextual factors are increasingly popular in comparative social science research. However, their application in country‐comparative studies is often associated with several problems. First of all, some data‐sets utilized for multilevel modelling include only a small number (N<25) of macro level units, and therefore, the estimated models have a small number of degrees of freedom on the country level. If models are correctly specified paying regard to the small level‐2 N, only few macro level indicators can be controlled for. Furthermore, the introduction of random slopes and cross‐level interaction effects is then hardly possible. Consequently, (1.) these models are likely to suffer from omitted variable bias regarding the country level estimators and (2.) the advantages of multilevel modelling cannot be fully exploited. The fixed effects approach is a valuable alternative to the application of conventional multilevel methods in country‐comparative analyses. This method is also applicable with a small number of countries and avoids the omitted variable bias through controlling for country level heterogeneity. Following common practice in panel regression analyses, the moderator effect of macro‐level characteristics can be estimated also in fixed effects models by means of cross‐level interaction effects. Despite the advantages of the fixed effects approach, up to now it is rarely used for the analysis of cross‐national data. In this paper, I compare the fixed effects approach with conventional multilevel regression models and give practical examples using data of the International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) from 2006. As it turns out, the results of both approaches regarding the effect of cross‐level interactions are similar. Thus, fixed effects models can be used either as an alternative to multilevel regression models or to assess the robustness of multilevel results.


Timothy Endicott suggests the introduction of a new analytical tool to help the interpretation and application of legal terms. The Aristotelian method of focal analysis has been used previously by John Finnis when describing the concept of law. If Endicott is right, then the interpretation and application of law is enriched by an effective method.In this paper, my aim is to show that focal analysis is neither suitable for the analysis of 'law', nor for the analysis of legal terms in general. The topic can be divided into four main issues. The first is the brief summary of the familiar problem of open concepts, which in modern legal theory, notably at Hart, led to the central case approach. The second is the nature of focal analysis as was used by Aristotle at the time. The third, most extensive part, consists of the arguments showing that Finnis was wrong when he based the methodology of his theory on focal analysis. Finally, as the fourth major issue, the demonstration of why Endicott's suggestion is untenable.


No Abstract Available. Key Words: Blunt abdominal injury, incomplete uterine rupture, shock and active resuscitation Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice Vol 8(1) 2005: 60-62


The sensitivity of intracavity spectroscopy carried out using neodymium glass lasers increased in accordance with the Bouguer law when the duration of quasi-cw lasing increased up to 12 msec. Qualitative observations were made of an increase in the sensitivity on further increase in the pulse duration to 20 msec.


The digital realm increasingly recognizes the relevance of "opinion leaders" or influential users: those who, through their online activity (publishing tweets and blog posts, updating social networks status, recommending readings, etc.) create or filter content to people over whom they exert personal influence. Hence the proliferation of tools that assess the influence of a person or brand by monitoring use of social media. The article discusses the two most important tools: Klout and PeerIndex , explaining the parameters that form the basis of their measurement algorithms as well as the deficiencies of these models of analysis. Understanding how digital influence is exercised and how to measure it is one of the most interesting questions of the "2.0" phenomenon.


Libraries of colleges and universities should be concentrated on the overall target responsibility system of the development of the colleges and universities and the characteristics of managing them.They should make deep investigation,stick to the tactic of "putting capital together and guaranteeing important departments",and establish guarantee system of the periodical informative resources in foreign languages which should be in the forms of paper literature as well as web electronic literature suitable for the development of the disciplines.They can also continuously solve the new problems appearing in the process of construction to support work of teaching and study and scientific research,to satisfy the utility demands of the teachers and students for the literature information resources in foreign languages and to raise utility rate of literature in foreign languages.


Recent studies (Suchy, 1987; Roth, 1991) of the interval from the top of the Mulky Coal to the top of the Houx-Higginsville limestone identified seven lithologic packages. In most cases, the boundaries between these seven packages' are subtle sedimentologic and/or biologic changes. Perhaps the most subtle such boundaries occur within the two major limestones units and are, in this case, marked by chaetetid epiboles (West, et al., in press). These boundaries are recognized in outcrops in southeastern Kansas and northeastern Oklahoma, and there is evidence to suggest that they are also recorded by the gamma ray and neutron signatures from subsurface boreholes. These aspects are currently being tested using full hole cores and the electric logs of these core holes. Combined sedimentological and biological aspects of these packages' can be explained by a series of smaller than cyclothem scale transgressions and regressions, but they can also be explained by climatic fluctuations. Wetter climates would provide a greater input of siliciclastics and could push carbonate production to a more offshore position. Conversely, drier climates would be recorded by an increase in nearshore carbonate production with a corresponding decrease in siliciclastic input. A relative water depth curve and a climate curve formore » this interval are extremely similar. If causally related, the combined affects of climate and eustatic change could act to amplify or diminish the effects of either mechanism acting alone. Research supported by NSF Grant No. EAR-8816678 and the Kansas Geological Survey (to West).« less


The experimental and theoretical studies of the paste-like propellant combustion in a model ballistic installation are implemented. The research is carried out using three masses of projectile assemblies and three types of the propellant charge. The paper presents two versions of the law of dispersion for paste-like propellants which allow accounting for the pressure on the front and acceleration of the projectile assembly with a traveling charge. The coefficients in the laws of dispersion are obtained. Using the mathematical model presented in this work, the gas-dynamic pictures of the shots when the propellants are applied as traveling charges are obtained for each dispersion law. Based on the results, a detailed study of the processes occurring with the traveling charge consisting of a model paste-like propellant is implemented for various shot arrangements. The discrepancy between theoretical results and the results obtained in the set of experiments is no more than 2% for the maximum pressure and no more than 1% for the muzzle velocity. The dispersion law accounting for the projectile assembly acceleration and traveling charge makes it possible to describe accurately the processes in the space behind the projectile for projectile assemblies of various masses and different types of granulated powder charge in terms of the model ballistic installation in the considered pressure range.


Abstract Wild-growing mushrooms are a complementary foodstuff, widely consumed as a delicacy, in Italy. They are considered excellent bioindicators of environmental pollution and the accumulation of radionuclides can pose a radiological hazard. 137Cs and 40K activity concentrations were measured through HPGe gamma-spectrometry in different mushroom species (Agaricus arvensis, Leccinum quercinum, Boletus aereus, Lactarius deliciosus, Boletus edulis, Macrolepiota konradii, Cantharellus lutescens) collected from four different sampling sites in the Calabria region, south of Italy. Experimental values were found to be in the range from (0.3 ± 0.1) Bq/kg f.m. (fresh mass) to (73.1 ± 4.6) Bq/kg f.m. for 137Cs and from (46.9 ± 10.7) Bq/kg f.m. to (161.3 ± 12.9) Bq/kg f.m. for 40K, respectively. All values were much lower than the specific activity limit set by the international legislation at 600 Bq/kg f.m. for 137Cs and at 1,258 Bq/kg f.m. for 40K, respectively. Experimental activity concentrations allowed us to determine the effective dose due to the ingestion of mushrooms by adult members of the population. It was found in the range from 0.25 to 1.35 μSv/y, much lower than the recommended level for the public (1 mSv/y). Data obtained in this article provide useful information on the environmental risk and can be further used for a radiological mapping of the studied area.


We have developed a novel temperature compensation method for SAW devices using a direct bonding technique. The SAW device applied this method was composed of a conventional piezoelectric substrate such as LiTaO/sub 3/ and LiNbO/sub 3/, directly bonded without any bonding agents to a glass substrate having a relatively low thermal expansion coefficient (TEC). The piezoelectric substrate and the glass substrate were bonded in an atomic scale and the interface was very uniform. Therefore, the thermal strain at the surface of the bonded substrate caused by the difference between the TECs of the substrates was quite uniform and stable. With this structure, the thermal expansion of the piezoelectric substrate was restrained and the elastic constant of the piezoelectric substrate was changed by the thermal strain. Using this technique, we have succeeded to improve the temperature coefficient of frequency (TCF) of the SAW devices without causing any deterioration in the frequency response. This novel temperature compensation method is very promising for RF-SAW device applications.


The current study aims to identify the level of job creativity among learning disabilities teachers from their perspective in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and investigate the differences according to gender, scientific qualification and years of experience. The study sample consisted of (80) male and female teachers, who were randomly selected from schools of Asir, Jizan and Najran. Scale of job creativity was utilized after verification of its validity and reliability. The results showed that the mean of job creativity among learning disabilities teachers is (4.01) ranked high level of job creativity. The results also showed no statistically significant differences in job creativity and the domains due to the impact of variable of scientific qualification in favor of holders of postgraduate studies, while no statistically significant differences for the variables of gender and years of experience. The study recommended further studies handling the level of job creativity among learning disabilities teachers and comparing it with that of teachers in other specialties of special needs. Keywords : job creativity, teachers of learning disabilities, Saudi Arabia.


References: [1] Multilayer Paper-Based Device for Colorimetric and Electrochemical Quantification of Metals Poomrat Rattanarat, Wijitar Dungchai, David Cate, John Volckens, Orawon Chailapakul, and Charles S. Henry Analytical Chemistry 2014 86 (7), 3555-3562 [2] Microfabricated three-electrode on-chip PDMS device with a vibration motor for stripping voltammetric detection of heavy metal ions Wen Zhang, Han Zhang, Spencer E. Williams, Anhong Zhou Talanta 2014 (132), 321-326


This article summarizes additional experimental data collected regarding the evaporation rate of water droplets stacked on several threads, positioned downwind of one another, and strengthens previously published results regarding droplet evaporation rates inside a spray cloud. Here, the effect of evaporating water droplets upwind of other droplets is examined, along with changes in tunnel speed, temperature, and relative humidity on droplets positioned on single threads. These results further quantify the wet bulb temperature depression felt by droplets within a spray cloud, along with the effect of the Sherwood number, and are used to enhance the ability of AGDISP to make accurate model predictions for droplets released from spray nozzles.


Pediatric malnutrition can be detrimental to patient outcomes and result in decreased lean body mass, developmental and intellectual delays, increased risk of infections, delayed wound healing, increased mortality, longer hospital stay, higher cost of care, and poor quality of life. Despite this, pediatric malnutrition is reported to be largely underrecognized and underdocumented. Pediatric patients with chronic illnesses, including children with congenital heart disease, cystic fi brosis, malignancies, gastrointestinal diseases, or neuromuscular diseases, and children receiving dialysis have higher incidences of malnutrition. Screening for malnutrition risk can facilitate the identifi cation of at-risk patients and result in an earlier referral to a registered dietitian. Early identifi cation of malnutrition risk helps improve patient management and clinical outcomes. This article describes a quality improvement project comparing a hospital's current malnutrition screening practice with a validated pediatric malnutrition risk screening tool to determine their effi ciency and reliability in identifying patients with increased malnutrition risk at the time of hospital admission.


The appearance of Consumption Capital Asset Pricing Model (C-CAPM) happened from the proposition of initial researches of Merton (1973) and Breeden (1979) who aimed to universalize the model Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) developed by Sharpe (1964) and Lintner (1965) in an intertemporal context. The goal of this article was to provide a theoretical base to study the pricing of assets through the C-CAPM. In order to develop the theory, instead of considering a complete generality model, it is necessary at first to establish some limits. For the development of the model it is considered that all the consumers are alike in behavior and have endless life. This consumer will be defined as the representative agent who will determine how the assets will be priced. The methodology applied was a theoretical study about the model dynamics, searching as a result to approach the theory to reality, as being a dynamic model of assets pricing. It was concluded that by using the institution of a representative agent, the C-CAPM is not able to explain empirically the historic data about the return of risk assets, of free assets and, last but not least, of risk award.


The correlation between insulin-binding to receptor and biological activity of bound insulin was simultaneously studied with the same epididymal fat cells of Zucker fatty rats and their thin littermates or wild type normal rats. Fat cells were prepared from the Zucker fatty rats (10--11 months old, body weight 600-700 g) and from their thin littermates or normal rats (9-12 months old, body weight about 300 g). The amount of bound insulin and the rate of glucose oxidation were determined in the same isolated fat cells after incubation with various concentrations of 125I-insulin with the constant specific activity for estimation of insulin dose response, or withU-14C-glucose of increasing carrier glucose concentration, in order to quantitate the glucose effect. Cells were equilibrated with 95% 02: 5% CO2 and incubated for one hour at 37°C in Krebs-Ringer-bicarbonate buffer without bovine serum albumin (pH=7.4). The insulin bound to fat cells were separated from free insulin by isolation of fat cells. The biological activity was estimated by measuring the rate of conversion of U-14C-glucose into 14CO2 or 14C-Lipid per cell per hour. The following results were obtained. 1) The glucose conversion to CO2 increased proportionally to medium glucose concentration on fat cells of both fatty and control rats . The dose response of glucose oxidation


In May 2007 the first author of this article arrived from Mexico to begin his doctoral
studies at Roskilde University in Denmark under the supervision of the second author.
Coming as an outsider to Roskilde University, there were many glaring particularities of
this University such as: the project based study programmes in mathematics and science, the focus on mathematical modelling and the critical perspective on modelling, and the approach to research in mathematics education. Therefore, it was natural to take inspiration from the Roskilde experiences with teaching mathematical modelling, and from Danish research related to the teaching and learning of modelling, in the design of one of the on-line in-service courses developed as part of his PhD project. This paper is a spin off from this work. Our focus is on the analyses of some examples of mathematical models used in the Mexican society of today, and we seek to justify why and illustrate how such examples can be included in mathematics teaching and in teacher education.


ABSTRACT This paper presents a seismic pounding risk-based method to determine the minimum separation distance (MSD) between nonlinear adjacent buildings. In this method, subset simulation is extended to assess seismic pounding fragility and subsequent risk. The MSD is iteratively solved corresponding to a target pounding risk. First, the proposed method is applied to both linear and nonlinear multi-degree-of-freedom systems with substantially different dynamic properties for various structural parameters. Then, the MSDs between three combinations of adjacent frame structures with unequal total heights in nonlinear finite element models are investigated using the proposed method, which are compared with different code specifications.


Background Digital diabetes prevention programs (digital-DPPs) are being implemented as population-based approaches to type 2 diabetes mellitus prevention in several countries to address problems with the uptake of traditional face-to-face diabetes prevention programs. However, assessments of digital-DPPs have largely focused on clinical outcomes and usability among those who have taken them up, whereas crucial information on decision-making about uptake (eg, whether a user downloads and registers on an app) and engagement (eg, the extent of use of an app or its components over time) is limited. Greater understanding of factors that influence uptake and engagement decisions may support large-scale deployments of digital-DPPs in real-world settings. Objective This study aimed to explore the key influences on uptake and engagement decisions of individuals who were offered the National Health Service Healthier You: Digital Diabetes Prevention Programme (NHS-digital-DPP). Methods A qualitative interview study was conducted using semistructured interviews. Participants were adults, aged ≥18 years, diagnosed with nondiabetic hyperglycemia, and those who had been offered the NHS-digital-DPP. Recruitment was conducted via 4 providers of the NHS-digital-DPP and 3 primary care practices in England. Interviews were conducted remotely and were guided by a theoretically informed topic guide. Analysis of interviews was conducted using an inductive thematic analysis approach. Results Interviews were conducted with 32 participants who had either accepted or declined the NHS-digital-DPP. In total, 7 overarching themes were identified as important factors in both decisions to take up and to engage with the NHS-digital-DPP. These were knowledge and understanding, referral process, self-efficacy, self-identity, motivation and support, advantages of digital service, and reflexive monitoring. Perceptions of accessibility and convenience of the NHS-digital-DPP were particularly important for uptake, and barriers in terms of the referral process and health care professionals' engagement were reported. Specific digital features including health coaches and monitoring tools were important for engagement. Conclusions This study adds to the literature on factors that influence the uptake of and engagement with digital-DPPs and suggests that digital-DPPs can overcome many barriers to the uptake of face-to-face diabetes prevention programs in supporting lifestyle changes aimed at diabetes prevention.


Reducing food loss and waste is part of the food security objectives, and there is plenty of research worldwide to try dealing with this issue. This article proposes a theoretical analysis of food loss and waste in light of the agribusiness system approach, having the value system as a whole at a strategic level. Retail is appointed as the coordinating agent for having consumption information: several studies addressing sustainability use this approac h. Some opportunities and challenges are pointed out, so that coordination can be promoted along the chain, engaged by their environment, along with strategies of agents in collaborative actions.


This paper critically examined the impact of capital structure on SMES Growth, with specific focus on Kotco Energy Nig LTD and First Vending Nig Ltd, Abeokuta. This study employed a descriptive survey design. A sample size of 85 respondents was selected using simple random sampling technique of which 85 respondents filled and returned the questionnaire. Data from the questionnaire was analyzed using special software for statistics which is called statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 20. The study found out that there exists a strong relationship between capital structure and SME's growth, that there is a relationship between Government Scheme and SMES Growth and therefore recommends that Government should provide adequate stimulus and relieve package to SMES so as to enable their businesses thrive. This could be achieve through several scheme and reforms for the benefits of small scale businesses also the study recommends that To have an effective capital structure or financing for SMES, compulsory levies such as tax, space levy should be reduced to a minimal point so as to assist small scale businesses have adequate capital for investment.


Background: Alcohol use in adolescence is considered to be a risk factor for later development of substance use problems. In this study it was aimed to investigate sociodemographic factors related with substance use among alcohol using university students from five university centres in Turkey. Methods: Using an anonymous self-administered questionnaire 586 students recruited from a random student sample (n=1720) who were regularly drinking (at least once a month) were surveyed. Results: Among the regular alcohol users 12.2% used cannabis at least once during life-time. Ecstasy (3.7%), solvent (1.2%), cocaine (0.6%), and heroin use (0.4%) followed cannabis use. In the multivariate analysis, staying in a dormitory seemed to be protective in terms of substance use. The risk of substance use was 2.6 times higher in males compared with the female students, and low family income increased the risk of substance use almost 4 times compared with higher income group among regular drinkers. Place of residence of the family seemed to play a mediator role in this relationship. Conclusions: Preventive efforts in substance use should consider the economical as well as social circumstances which can lead to substance use of young people (German J Psychiatry 2008; 11: 3439).


In this new monthly feature, the paramedic education team at Edge Hill University focuses on the clinical skills carried out by paramedics on the frontlines, highlighting the importance of these skills and how to perform them. In this month's issue, Rory McKelvin discusses best practice use of a combat application tourniquet.


I discuss the quantities and effects important for the freeze-out and outline a formalism for the description of continuous decoupling of particles from the fireball. Then I present a calculation of the scattering rates of pions at various temperatures and argue that it is important to take continuous particle decoupling into account when modelling the collision dynamics. Hadronic single-particle spectra and correlations carry information about the freeze-out state of the fireball which results from the collective expansion of the strongly interacting matter. Often, the freeze-out state is being modelled in framework of the Cooper-Frye [1] mechanism where all particles—regardless their identity and/or momentum—are emitted from a single sharp three-dimensional freeze-out hypersurface. This is the case for most hydrodynamic simulations. A question appears: does the assumption of a common sharp threedimensional freeze-out still provide reliable approximation of the real process? In case of a sharp freeze-out, the freeze-out hypersurface is usually characterised by some prescription. There were some attempts to identify a universal freeze-out criterion [2, 3], i.e., a condition which determines the freeze-out hypersurface for heavy-ion collisions of any size and at any ultrarelativistic energy. In case of the continuous gradual decoupling there is no hypersurface to be determined and the concept of a universal freeze-out criterion is not applicable. I will focus on gradual decoupling since the sharp freeze-out can be defined as its limiting case. Let me focus on the mechanism of freeze-out and identify the important effects and quantities. Freeze-out occurs when scattering ceases. It has been suggested that the mean-free path is the relevant quantity to look at [3, 4]. Here, densities of the individual species are weighted with cross-sections for scattering on them. An example: density of nucleons is much more important for pion scattering rate than the density of pions, because the πN cross-section is bigger than the one for ππ scattering. The CERES collaboration argued that the "universal" pion mean-free path at freeze-out should be something of the order of 1 fm (maybe 2–3 fm) [3]. On the first sight, this is rather surprising, because this length is much shorter than the size of the system. So far, however, we did not mention the expansion and the decrease of the density due to it. In rough terms, freeze-out occurs when the rate of the density decrease becomes comparable or larger than the scattering rate [5]. The picture is the following: at the moment of scattering the particle has some finite mean-free path λ and thus would be expected to scatter after some time. However, if the density drops fast enough, after passing the length λ our particle may find itself in an environment of very low density such that no other scattering occurs. In [6] we used the formalism of escape probabilities (conceived earlier by other authors, e.g. [7, 8]) and focused on the dependence of the escape probability on temperature and the momentum of pions. By using this formalism one qualitatively goes beyond probing the mean-free path and the rate of density decrease; particles now decouple from a finite four-volume. Sharp freeze-out is realised as a limiting case of this more general case, when the escape probabilities of all particles change from 0 to 1 in a very narrow space-time region. The escape probability can be determined as P(x, τ, p) = exp ( − ∫ ∞ τ dτ̄ R(x + vτ̄ , p) ) , (1) ∗Talk given at the 2nd Warsaw meeting on correlations and resonances, Oct. 15–18, 2003, Warsaw, Poland


A B S T R A C T Leadless glaze for low temperature firing has been developed. These glazes are composed from frit, 20:30 % and clays 65:80%. Frit based on borax, feldspar and sodium bicarbonate as fluxing agents. The results showed that matt surface of glazed ceramic cooking ware was obtained at firing temperatures in the range 800- 950oC. Increasing the RO, R2O and R2O3 content decreased the melting temperature of the glaze. Thermal compatibility of ceramic cooking ware and glazes are confirmed by measuring coefficients of thermal expansion of body and glaze and thermal shock resistance. the applied ceramic glaze played an important role in lead and zinc release that leached at room temperature after 24 h in acetic acid 4% (v/v). The amount of extracted lead and zinc are less than 1 mg/l compared with uncontrolled one in local market 28 mg/l; while cadmium not determined in all. The results show that the prepared samples passed the national and international standards. Physical and micro-structural characteristics of matured body are evaluated. K e y w o r d s Leadless glaze, Ceramic cooking ware, Lead release, Leaching agent, Acetic acid


The motivation for heat recovery from supermarket display case refrigeration plant is described. Heat recovery plant types are described and assigned to particular applications.


The sense of reality and immersion is increased by better special effects,including fire,smoke,etc in realtime simulant scenes.This article gives a brief on principle of particle system,analyzes characteristics of surroundings of aircraft launching and the smoke,realizes some special effects by building three different osgParticle instances based on OSG in order to reach preferable visual effects.


Dear Editor, Complex interactions between various processes have arisen as key elements underlying the pathophysiology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). First, immunothrombosis and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) release contribute to inflammation-associated lung damage and thrombosis, and second, endothelial cell dysfunction participates in the disease-associated coagulopathy.1,2 In addition, cytokine release syndrome (CRS) dictates adverse clinical outcomes, with interleukin (IL)-6 playing a central role.3 However, the sequence of events leading to a vicious cycle of synergistic pathways causing unchecked immune activation and thrombus formation have to date not been clearly defined. Here, we investigated the role of NETs, endotheliopathy, hemostatic imbalance, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) release in the severity of the disease, as well as their synergy in patient outcomes. For this purpose, we recruited 142 hospitalized COVID-19 patients fromMarch to May 2020. Infection was confirmed by qRT-PCR testing. Healthy controls (HC,N= 50) were also included. Clinical and demographical variables are reported in Table S1, and biochemical analytical data and cell counts in Table S2. To address whether NETs and von Willebrand factor (VWF)/a disintegrin-like and metalloprotease with thrombospondin type 1 motif 13 (ADAMTS13) axis are associated and contribute to the prognosis of COVID-19 patients, we analyzed plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA), citrullinated histone H3-DNA (citH3-DNA) complexes (surrogated NET marker), von Willebrand factor antigen (VWF:Ag), von Willebrand factor collagen binding (VWF:CB), ADAMTS13 activity, IL-6 levels, clinical scores, and outcomes. Analysis of NETosis and endotheliopathy markers in the first available sample confirmed a coagulation imbalance in COVID-19 patients versus HC (Figure S1A-F). In addition, NETs and VWF:Ag correlated with neutrophil count, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, and with acute-phase reactants and coagulation parameters (Table S3). Importantly, NETs and VWF:Ag/ADAMTS13


In this scholarly study, entitled "The Effect of Promotion Cost Of Sales At PT. DELTA Expanding "in scientific research, the writer wanted to know the promotions done by.Expanding DELTA. In scientific research, the writer take the data from the PT. Expanding DELTA which is located at Jl. Raya Jatiwaringin No. 41 Bekasi. In this calculation the authors used correlation and multiple regression methods. The discussion results of the author can draw the conclusion that there is a strong relationship between personal selling costs and costs of sales brochures with the result that the results approached +1 (positive one) it is evident from the correlation of r = 0.79 and the distribution of brochures are more effective ways in increasing sales rather than personal selling.


The goals of the NDT have remained fairly constant during the past fifty years. The Charter of the National Debate Tournament indicates that the NDT is committed to "the growth of programs of excellence in forensics education in institutions of higher education in the United States," to "encouraging the opportunity for quality debate for students of all institutions of higher education," to "maximizing the number and geographic representation of participating schools," to "maximizing the competitive quality of participating schools," and to "conducting a tournament consistent with the educational objectives of intercollegiate forensics competition" (Charter 1). First and foremost among those goals is that that NDT is designed to encourage opportunities for student participation in intercollegiate debate. Thus, any degree-seeking undergraduate student meeting AFA and NDT eligibility requirements may participate in NDT-style debate and attempt to qualify to attend the National Debate Tournament. Students qualifying for the NDT are thus enrolled in both public and private, and two- and four-year, institutions of higher education. NDT attempts to encourage a quality experience for those students participating in NDT-style debate. Students may thus qualify to attend the tournament through three separate processes. The first qualification process is the "first-round at-large," where sixteen two-person teams are invited by the National Committee to attend the NDT based on their competitive success during an academic year. The second qualification process is through the various districts or regions. Each geographic region receives a number of qualification slots determined by participation in debate by schools in that region during that academic year. Districts may then award those slots to individual teams based on the results of a district tournament or by other means, such as a district ranking process. The third qualification process is the "second-round at-large," where the NDT Committee invites up to sixteen teams to attend the NDT, again based on their competitive success during the academic year. The various qualification processes seek to guarantee that the tournament features the best teams in NDT-style debate competing for the national championship. Third, the NDT seeks to be a tournament grounded in sound educational objectives. Thus, the National Debate Tournament Committee continually reviews tournament rules and procedures to assure that the tournament fosters sound competitive and educational practices. One of the most significant changes for the 1996-1997 competition season is the decision to debate the topic used by the Cross Examination Debate Association. The NDT Committee decided to use the "joint topic" in hopes of providing more local and regional travel opportunities during the season, and also to encourage more crossover between the NDT and CEDA organizations. The NDT community believes there are several benefits to participation in NDT-style debate. Among those are an increase in student confidence and speaking ability, significant improvement in student critical thinking and analytical skills, demonstrated progress in student information processing competence, and an expansion of student organizational proficiency. …


For a mixed Signorini problem, reduction to a boundary variational inequality is derived. It is shown that its solution is a function constituted, on one portion of the boundary, of the upper-skirting function of solutions family of some associated linear mixed boundary value problems and, on the other portion, of the lower-skirting function of the same family. Qualitative behavior of the solution on different portions when perturbing the unknown boundary is analyzed. This shows in particular the usefulness of reduction to the boundary in some linear and nonlinear elliptic problems, even when usual variational methods cannot be applied for such purpose.


Invasive aspergillosis is a devastating infection with 30–40% mortality. Immune mechanisms involved in recognition and elimination of aspergillus are incompletely understood. Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) deficiency occurs in 10–15% of the population and has been identified as a susceptibility factor in animal models of aspergillosis. We hypothesise there is an association between human MBL deficiency and invasive aspergillosis. In this multi-centre case-control study, serum MBL concentrations were measured in 65 patients with probable or proven invasive aspergillosis (as defined by the 2002 EORTC/NIH-MSG criteria) and in 79 immunocompromised controls with fever not due to aspergillosis. MBL concentrations were measured using a commercially available, technically straightforward solid phase ELISA (Hycult Biotechnology, The Netherlands). Median MBL concentrations and the frequency of MBL deficiency were compared using the Mann-Whitney and Fisher's exact tests. Cases and controls were well matched in terms of age, gender, ethnicity and cause of immunocompromise. The assay performed well with a mean coefficient of variation of 7%. Patients with invasive aspergillosis had significantly lower MBL concentrations and a greater frequency of MBL deficiency than controls (65% vs. 33%, p = 0.0002, MBL deficiency cut-off 500ng/ml). MBL deficiency was significantly more frequent in cases than in controls at all MBL concentrations ≤500ng/ml. This is the first study to identify a strong association between MBL deficiency and invasive aspergillosis in immunocompromised patients. Because MBL concentrations do not consistently change during acute infection we conclude that MBL deficiency predisposes to invasive aspergillosis. Routine measurement of MBL levels is within the capability of most diagnostic laboratories. These data suggest that replacement therapy with recombinant human MBL may be an opportunity to prevent or mitigate the poor outcome of invasive aspergillosis.


The present study intends to investigate the impact of corporate attributes in disclosing Human Resource information from the lens of Stakeholder theory. A sample of 100 annual reports of 20 commercial banks operating in Bangladesh for five years starting from 2015 to 2019 has been considered for this research. Content analysis and multiple linear regression have been used to meet the objectives. The results reveal that large firms disclose more information due to higher social reputation and greater accountability towards stakeholders. Further, human resource cost and human resource disclosures (HRDs) are positively related. It implies that corporations that invest more in human capital disclosure it in the annual report to let people know about it and enhance their credibility. The findings also demonstrate a negative relationship between HRDs and the firm's age, which implies that, to be trustworthy, reliable, and retain public confidence, young firms disclose more information. In contrast, established firms tend to disclose less information. The findings of the study may exert remarkable contribution in devising corporate policy and setting measures of regulatory and accounting standard-setting bodies.


Controlling the heat and particle fluxes in the plasma edge and on the plasma facing components is important for the safe and effective operation of every magnetically confined fusion device. This was attempted on Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) in the first operational campaign, with the modification of the magnetic topology by use of the trim coils and tuning the field coil currents, commonly named iota scan. Ideally, the heat loads on the five limiters are equal. However, they differ between each limiter and are non-uniform, due to the (relatively small) error fields caused by the misalignment of the limiters or intrinsic error fields. It is therefore necessary to study the influence of topology changes on the transport of heat and particles in the plasma edge caused by the application of error fields and the change of the magnetic configuration. In this paper the up-stream measurements conducted with the combined probe are compared to the downstream measurements with the DIAS infrared camera on the limiter.


Abstract A method of problem-orientation has been developed as a delimited psychotherapeutic procedure comprising four sessions with a psychotherapist. The distinguishing feature of this method is the distinct time frame, within which the therapist grasps the patient's current situation and difficulties. The sessions are disengaged from considerations about the need for further treatment. The therapist appeals to die reflective part of the patient and attempts to awaken their curiosity about themselves in order to explore inner associations concerning core problems. The four problem-oriented sessions are offered during the initial telephone contact to the person who wishes to gain a greater understanding of their own part in their difficulties and who is able, already in the introductory telephone conversation, to embark upon an exploratory dialogue about these problems. The sessions are strongly characterized by this short-term perspective; the intensity increases and attention is sharpened. The stance a...


Risk measures, such as value-at-risk and expected shortfall, are widely used to keep track of the risk at which a financial portfolio is exposed. This analysis is not only a key part of the daily operation of financial institutions worldwide, but it is also strictly enforced by regulators. While nested Monte Carlo simulations are the most flexible approach that can even deal with portfolios containing complicated derivatives, they traditionally suffer from a high computational complexity. This limits their application at certain intervals of time, mostly daily, by temporarily keeping the composition of the portfolio static. In this work, we bring together for the first time nested Monte Carlo simulations with the real-time continuous risk measurement of complex portfolios that dynamically change their composition during intraday operation. By combining the development productivity offered by Python, state-of-the-art mathematical optimizations, and the high performance capabilities offered by PyOpenCL targeting heterogeneous computing systems, our new approach reaches a throughput between 16 and 191 trading orders per second per computing node, which corresponds to the worst-case and best-case scenarios respectively. We have also made use of the Jupyter Notebook, as an interactive interface in an interdisciplinary research environment.


It is quite common in the library and information world to find mobile applications (apps) to query scientific journals, bibliographic databases or university libraries. However, there are no apps that offer bibliometric indicators about universities, researchers, etc. We describe the development and functionality of the pioneer bibliometric app UGRinvestiga , launched on January 2015, which offers rankings of researchers from the University of Granada based on citations collected from Google Scholar Profiles. Information on the technical features of the app, the data collection process, the indicators used, the current coverage of researchers and a description of its interface and functionalities are described. Finally we emphasize the great potential of mobile applications as a tool for representing and disseminating bibliometric data.


Many structural acoustics problems of interest can be modeled as a vibrating elastic structure situated in and fully coupled to an infinite acoustic fluid domain. To model such problems using the finite element method, techniques have been developed to approximately enforce the Sommerfeld radiation condition at the boundary of the computational domain and prevent spurious boundary reflections from adversely affecting the calculated solution. These techniques include radiation boundary conditions, infinite elements, and perfectly matched layers. It is well known that due to computational constraints, the finite element method is often restricted to relatively low frequencies. However, many of the same techniques that have been used to enforce the Sommerfeld radiation condition can also be used to truncate the computational domain further and allow the finite element method to be used to study higher frequency problems where the structural acoustic response is relatively localized. This talk explores this model truncation application.Many structural acoustics problems of interest can be modeled as a vibrating elastic structure situated in and fully coupled to an infinite acoustic fluid domain. To model such problems using the finite element method, techniques have been developed to approximately enforce the Sommerfeld radiation condition at the boundary of the computational domain and prevent spurious boundary reflections from adversely affecting the calculated solution. These techniques include radiation boundary conditions, infinite elements, and perfectly matched layers. It is well known that due to computational constraints, the finite element method is often restricted to relatively low frequencies. However, many of the same techniques that have been used to enforce the Sommerfeld radiation condition can also be used to truncate the computational domain further and allow the finite element method to be used to study higher frequency problems where the structural acoustic response is relatively localized. This talk explores this m...


Palliative care for minority ethnic groups remains a poorly accessed and limited area in district nursing. This article outlines a hospice apprentice programme that aims to promote and expand the use of specialist palliative and end of life care services for a South Asian community through increasing access and referrals, improving services by making them more culturally appropriate for black and minority ethnic (BME) people, involving BME people in the delivery of services, and creating better relationships between BME communities and providers.


We consider a principal-agent contracting problem between a seller and a buyer, where the buyer has single-dimensional private information. The buyer's type is assumed to be continuously distributed on a closed interval. The seller designs a menu of finitely many contracts by pooling the buyer types a priori using a partition scheme. He maximises either his minimum utility, his expected utility, or a combination of both (a multi-objective approach). For each variation, we determine tractable reformulations and the optimal menu of contracts under certain conditions. These results are applied to a contracting problem with quadratic utilities. We show that the optimal objective value is completely determined by the partition scheme, a single aggregate instance parameter, and a parameter encoding the seller's guaranteed obtained utility. This enables us to derive the optimal partition and exact performance guarantees. Our analysis shows that the seller should always offer at least two contracts in order to have reasonable performance guarantees, resulting in at least 88% of the expected utility compared to offering infinitely many contracts. By also optimising obtained worst-case utility, he can potentially achieve only 64% of the maximum expected utility.


The May 4th New Culture Movement launched an overall criticism on feudal moral principles.Female writers during that period expressed their critical comments on conversational family moral principles through their creative works.Their novels played an active and important part in women's emancipation though there still existed some problems in their novels.


In this era of mobility, an information retrieval system cannot be constrained to be running on one particular location alone. The system proposed in the project facilitates the user to access his personal computer's storage devices through his/her mobile phone when the user is remote. Also one can perform various operations like a desktop search, taking backup of mobile specific data and troubleshooting. The user can search for files in a remote machine for a particular keyword and download the files of his choice. Also if the mobile device is running short of memory the mobile specific data like Personal Information Manager (PIM) database (contacts, events, to-do lists), messages and file manager can be uploaded to the remote server. Remote troubleshooting deals with performing administrative tasks like removal of viruses, few file management tasks, etc. To accomplish this J2ME provides Generic Connection Framework (GCF) which is a flexible API for network connections. Also, as an enhancement to this system the user is facilitated to search one's own mobile in case of large file systems and flash memories. Thus a keyword-based search is implemented to provide a quick access to the PIM Database, messages and flash memory. Keywords: Remote Desktop, Intra-Mobile, Flash Memory, Mobile Backup, Mobile Search


Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the dietary staple over half of the world's population including Sri Lanka. The country harbors many traditional or indigenous rice varieties which had been in the diet for centuries. Some of these varieties are claimed to have wide range of health properties according to Sri Lankan traditional knowledge and folklore. The present study is a comprehensive investigation of physicochemical and health properties of Sri Lankan traditional rice. Findings clearly showed that Sri Lankan traditional rices possess consumer preferred dietary important physicochemical properties and medically important health food properties. Red rices exhibited superior health enhancing properties compared to white rices. Moreover, brans of red rices may have a great promise as functional foods/supplements/nutraceuticals for management of diabetes, cancer and inflammatory diseases. Collectively findings indicate the importance of use and application of diverse indigenous rice genetic resources in Sri Lanka to improve nutritional and health status of people in the country.


In the wild, chimpanzees live in various environments ranging from montane forest to lowland rain forest, woodland and savanna. Their diet consists largely of fruit supplemented with leaves, pith, seeds and other plant material including over 100 species in total in any given population [1–4]. While the diet of chimpanzees is quite diverse, they rely heavily upon a small number of fruit species [5–9]. Numerous nutritional studies of folivorous non-human primates have revealed that protein content is positively correlated with food selection and, conversely, that fibre and condensed tannin content are negatively correlated with food selection (e.g. Alouatta palliata [10]; Colobus polykomos [11]; Presbytis johnii [12]; P. melalophos and P. rubicunda [13]; C. guereza [14]; C. satanas [15]; P. entellus [16]; Gorilla gorilla beringei [17]. Only a few nutrition-oriented studies on food selection, however, especially fruit choice, in frugivorous primates such as the chimpanzees have been conducted (Pongo pygmaeus [18]; G. g. gorilla [19]). In this paper we report our investigation of foods eaten by chimpanzees in the Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania, with respect to their nutritional value as determined by protein, non-fibrous carbohydrate, lipid and energy content. Factors relating to fruit choice in chimpanzees are discussed.


The presence and complexity of political Twitter bots has increased in recent years, making it a very difficult task to recognize these accounts from real, human users. We intended to provide an answer to the following question: are temporal patterns of activity qualitatively different in fake and human accounts? We collected a large sample of tweets during the post-electoral conflict in the US in 2020 and performed supervised and non-supervised statistical learning technique sto quantify the predictive power of time-series features for human-bot recognition. Our results show that there are no substantial differences, suggesting that political bots are nowadays very capable of mimicking human behaviour. This finding reveals the need for novel, more sophisticated bot-detection techniques.


To evaluate the outcomes of single pass thin lenticule sutureless Descemet's stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty with donor lenticules prepared using a 400 μm microkeratome head.


Dialysis is a medical procedure that has dramatically improved the health of millions of kidney disease patients over the last 50 years. There has been much debate in recent years concerning how physicians can best control the amount of dialysis given to a patient. Several models exist that can quantify the amount of uremic toxin removed from the patient over the course of a dialysis session. These models are not widely used because they are complicated to apply, and difficult to understand and implement. A real time, automated system that can determine the amount of dialysis required for a given patient would offer an improved alternative to the typical calculated dialysis prescription. A possibility to continuously measure and monitor one or several dialysis parameters over the course of the session would provide a much more qualitative and quantitative measure of the dialysis progress. An 'Optical Bridge' technique that measures urea concentration in spent dialysate has been proposed as a method of obtaining information about the progress of a dialysis session. Preliminary feasibility studies have shown promising results, and have elucidated the major problems to be solved.


Deteriorating security and working conditions for human rights defenders are the topic of the conference Activists under Attack: Defending the Right to be a Human Rights Defender, hosted by the Human Rights House Network, 13 th -14 th October 2004 in Oslo, for which this paper has been prepared. The paper starts out by establishing the link between human rights ideals and the phenomenon of humiliation. Thereafter, the phenomenon of humiliation is addressed, how humiliation is experienced by the individual person, and which consequences such experiences may have for conflict. Lindner describes feelings of humiliation as "the nuclear bomb of the emotions," which might be instrumentalised by "humiliation- entrepreneurs." Subsequently, current changes in the human rights movement are being discussed. The desire of the human rights movement to build a world where all have the opportunity to live dignified lives - realising the entire plethora of human rights, including social and economic ones - represents an even graver provocation to power elites, who often believe in a just world and thus entitled to their privileges, than ever before. Their reluctance, in turn, triggers disappointment in hopeful believers among the poor and downtrodden. Human rights defenders are thus placed at the center of ubiquitous feelings of


Alfred Hitchcock occasionally injected episodes of terror into his suspense films - particularly memorable are Psycho and North by Northwest - but they had no relation to terrorism as acnnlly experienced in the past several decades, most notably the September eleventh attack. Only in Sabotage (1936) and The Birds (1963) does terror have a political dimension, and the difference between its manifestations in those two films can now be seen as bearing greater significance than the director could possibly have anticipated. I Sabotage, based on Joseph Conrad's 1907 novel The Secret Agent, is a curious choice for a tide, since sabotage is not a factor in the film after the first five minutes. The Secret Agent would have been a more appropriate tide but could not be used since it was the tide of Hitchcock's previous release. Although sabotage plays even less of a role in the novel, Hitchcock took extraordinary pains to draw attention to the word. Filling the screen prior to the credits is a dictionary page on which it is defined, and when the credits appear, behind them is the definition enlarged to dominate the screen: Wilful [sic] destruction of buildings or machinery with the object of alarming a group of persons or inspiring public uneasiness. The second part of the definition seems to have been invented for the film, since it is not found in any dictionaries or encyclopedias consulted. It does, however, describe the intention behind the act of sabotage with which the film begins. Verloc, the central character in both the book and film,1 causes a major power blackout in London by putting sand into a generating plant's machinery - yet another invention not corresponding to anything in Conrad's novel. An even more radical departure from The Secret Agent is the placement at the center of I the film's plot of an attempted deed of genuine terrorism, which is discussed below. Yet even while introducing terror, Hitchcock and screenwriter Charles Bennett entirely omitted Conrad's analysis of terrorists and their tactics. The film's mysterious figure who pays Verloc to "put the fear of death into people" derides the London blackout precisely because it fails to inspire terror, whereas in the novel, Verloc's contact - a Russian embassy official - firmly disclaims interest in "a mere butchery." He demands instead a destructive act directed at the "sacrosanct fetish" of science, since "Such an outrage combines the greatest possible regard for humanity with the most alarming display of ferocious imbecility" (Conrad 29). Verloc is accordingly ordered to carry out a bomb outrage at the Greenwich Observatory, not for the purpose of causing deadi and terror, but to underline the determination by anarchists to "make a clean sweep of the whole social creation" (28). Nothing of this survives in the film, nor is there any mention of anarchists. Instead, Verloc is ordered, on pain of losing the payments of which he is obviously in need, to plant a bomb in the Piccadilly Circle Underground Station. The bomb is to be obtained from the "Professor," a theorist of terror in The Secret Agent but simply a provider of explosives in Sabotage. The novel's Professor, although well known to the police, has no fear of I arrest because they are aware that he carries on his person at all times an explosive device that can be detonated with a simple movement of his hand. But, he explains, this ingenious device is not by itself decisive: "What is effective is the belief those people have in my will to use the means. That's their impression. It is absolute. Therefore I am deadly." When a fellow anarchist protests that some of their opponents may be people of equally strong character, the Professor dismisses any such in terms grimly foreshadowing the suicide bombings of our time: Their character is built upon conventional morality. [...] They depend on life, which, in this connection, is a historical fact surrounded by all sorts of restraints and considerations, a complex, organized fact open to attack at every point; whereas I depend on death, which knows no restraints and cannot be attacked. …


A precision closed-loop drive scheme for silicon micromachined gyroscope(SMG) is described.It decouples the angle and gain of the self-oscillation-driven,optimizes the angle to reduce the relative difference between drive frequency and resonant frequency of the drive mode and achieves the closed-loop self-oscillation-driven by nonlinear relation between DC voltage using for control and drive force.The experiments show that the standard deviation of drive frequency is 0.009 Hz,with relative drift 2.2ppm and the standard deviation of the amplitude is 0.0025 mV,with relative drift 15ppm in one hour respectively.The noise of the self-oscillation-driven is analysed and tested.The result shows that the selfoscillation-driven has a rms noise below-100 dB.The scheme improves the precision and stability of gyroscope driving well.


Clinical features and dynamics of changing the iron concentration in the serum of blood of patients with a traumatic brain injury have been studied. Methods. Complex clinical and para-clinical examination of 283 patients with mild and moderate traumatic brain injury in acute and intermediate periods, 20 almost healthy volunteers (control group). Results. The concentration of iron tends to decrease in the serum of blood in patients with mild and moderate brain injury in acute and intermediate periods. Area of results application. Neurology. Conclusion. The connection between iron deficit and the development of basic clinical symptoms of craniocerebral trauma is obvious.


For extremely using an error correction code with high characteristics to produce a data error, highly safety is guaranteed common key while correcting the on the transmission line, in the quantum key distribution method of the present invention, first, the reception side of the communication device , using a parity check matrix for the final properties and are stable "Irregular-LDPC code", and corrects the data error of reception data. And was to discard a part of shared information according to the reception device and the transmission device is the public error correction information of the.


The purpose of this investigation, in the field of individual differences in learning, is to find qualitative and quantitative differences in the learning process of a small group of college students on familiar, non-verbal patterns and on simple verbal material organized into learning tests. The criterion for comparison was the Bronner-Healy Learning Z test published by C. H. Stoelting Company, Chicago. This association test, containing non-verbal material, consists of six rows of geometric symbols such as a (L,O0,-, X) square, circle, triangle, cross, etc., with eighteen in a row and a key at the top. The key has a number for each symbol ranging from one to eighteen consecutively. The subject copies the appropriate number from the symbol on the key to be placed on similar symbols of the first exposed row. One minute is given for copying and learning. The subject then folds down from sight both the key and the exposed row and attempts by looking at the geometric symbols on the newly exposed row to associate the correct number with each symbol. The process of copying, recalling, and associating is repeated until the pairs of rows of eighteen symbols in each have been attempted. The score on the even rows are summated. The highest possible score is 54.


Accurate measurement of combustion temperatures can significantly improve engine efficiency and reduce harmful emissions, particularly during the development phase. Non-perturbing optical diagnostic techniques are capable of measuring temperatures in such environments but are often technically complex and validation is challenging, with correspondingly large uncertainties (typically 5 % -10 % of temperature). This work aims to addresses this by developing a portable flame temperature standard, calibrated via the Rayleigh scattering thermometry technique, traceable to ITS-90. By taking in to account the variation in the differential Rayleigh scattering cross-section with both species and temperature, the post-flame temperature is determined with a relative uncertainty (1σ) of 0.5 %. The long-term reproducibility of the post-flame temperature was 0.2 % over a three month period, demonstrating the suitability of the system as a temperature standard. Additionally, the temperature field above the burner is fully characterised, indicating a uniform region where the temperature varies horizontally and vertically by at most ± 0.5 % and ± 1.0 % respectively for any point within 10 mm of the default measurement position. As the UK's National Measurement Institute, NPL provides calibration and consultation in all aspects of metrology and the standard flame facility should be a welcome addition to the facilities and services it provides.


In the last two hundred years of massive population and industrial growth, the Delaware River has been subjected to several minor and major pollutions. For example, as recently as June 1989 the tanker Presidente Rivera spilled an estimated hundred thousand to million gallons of oil into the river. In the Lower Delaware Basin tides affect the river and its tributaries up to a hundred kilometers inland. The freshwater marshes adjacent to the creeks that empty into the Delaware River experience diurnal tidal sedimentation. It is thus expected that the pollutants in the waterway would be transported via the tidal channels into the adjacent wetlands. The high sedimentation rate, clay-rich sediments, accumulation of terrestrial organic matter, and the low energy environments in these marshes should ensure rapid burial which may preserve some of the contaminants transported into the marshes. To test this hypothesis the authors selected a freshwater marsh along the Raccoon Creek just south of Philadelphia in New Jersey, and collected a 2 m core from a relatively undisturbed portion of the marsh, about 15 m away from the tidal channels. The pH averages around 6.2, ranges from 5.5--6.8, but, is slightly higher in the middle part of the core.more » The bulk mineralogy comprises chlorite, illite, kaolinite, feldspars and quartz. Vivianite and vermiculite were observed at places lower in the core. Graminae dominates the pollen/spore taxa. The organic debris is unaltered throughout the core. The authors will measure heavy metals and toxic chemicals on < 2[mu]m clay fractions. Also pristane/phytane ratios, indicative of hydrocarbons (crude oils), will be determined on organic matter extracts. The authors will compare and correlate the results to historically documented events of chemical and petroleum spills on the Delaware River.« less


The verdict of suicide depends upon local legal definitions, culture, and reporting practices and procedures (Shah and Ganesvaran, 1994). Legal definitions of suicide vary across countries. In Austria, officers of the Federal Statistics Division may count a death as suicide if it is suspected as such, even without legal evidence. In Luxembourg, a suicide note is required for a verdict of suicide. In the U.K. and Australia, the verdict of suicide is reached by the coroner, who must be satisfied that suicide has been proved beyond reasonable doubt; if there is reasonable doubt, then a verdict of undetermined death or an open verdict is returned. Owing to the possibility of some probable suicides being misclassified as accidental and undetermined deaths (Chishti et al., 2003), it has been suggested that accidental and undetermined deaths should also be utilized in suicide research (O'Donnell and Farmer, 1995). However, there is evidence from European Union countries that misclassification contributes to only a minor proportion of the variation in general population suicide rates (Chishti et al., 2003), although this has not been specifically examined for elderly suicide rates.


Based on the study of melting behavior of thermoplastic polymers tested in the cone calorimeter, a differential numerical model for one-dimensional unsteady burning of polymers was put forward. In this model, a melting layer was included and thermal properties for the melting layer were assumed to be different from those for the virgin layer. Effects of thermal conductivity and thermal capacity on combustion process of the polymers were analyzed and simulated. The simulation results were compared with the experimental results. It was found that the modeling results were fairly agreed with the experimental results, particularly as thermal conductivity and thermal capacity of the melting layer were greater than those of the virgin layer. When material thermal conductivity or thermal capacity increased, ignition time of the polymers delayed and their mass loss rates decreased.


A quantitative immunoassay to determine Gc globulin in complexed form with actin is described. This assay involves the monoclonal antibody E12 of which binding to Gc is inhibited by actin, and is designed as follows. Microtiter plates were coated with the monoclonal antibody #44 of which Gc binding was not inhibited by actin. The plates were incubated with Gc in the presence of actin, then with biotinylated E12 followed by streptavidin-peroxidase conjugate. The absorbance was linearly reduced by increasing amounts of actin. This assay system can be applied to human serum. The levels of complexed Gc in serum samples from normal individuals and patients with hepatitis were 10.9 i 4.3% and 24.7 i 13.3%, respectively. Finally, when actin was added to the sera, Gand F-actin were recovered in complexes at increasing levels of 88.9 i 11.3% and 51.5 i 4.8%, respectively, indicating the different binding mechanisms produced by two major binding proteins, Gc and gelsolin, in plasma. Actin is a ubiquitous cytoplasmic protein in eukaryotic cells that participates in cellular motility and structural support. The functions of actin are modulated by several actin binding proteins, which interact with actin in various ways. On the other hand, actin is not considered to be a normal component within the extracellular space, but plasma has potent actin-depolymerizing activity (3, 25). Since actin can be released from cells under a variety of circumstances, particularly during tissue necrosis, a mechanism is necessary to depolymerize and sequester it in monomeric form, then remove it from the extracellular space. This actin scavenging function is attributed to two proteins that bind actin with high afflnity. Gc globulin (also called vitamin D-binding protein) binds only monomeric actin (G-actin) at a ratio of 1: 1 in the absence of Ca2+ and slowly depolymerizes actin filaments (F-actin) by sequestering the pool of actin monomer present at equilibrium (31). In contrast, plasma gelsolin has two or three distinct binding sites for actin monomers and binds both Gand F-actin. The actions of gelsolin on actin are complex, but it rapidly depolymerizes filaments by severing them and blocking the barbed ends in the presence of Ca2+ (2, 11, 23, 33). Both Gc and gelsolin are abundant in plasma (Gc, 6-11 ,uM; gelsolin, 2-4 ,uM) and it appears that they play an important cooperative role in the clearance of actin from the extracellular space (9, 10, 21). Current knowledge of the extracellular actin scavenger mechanism indicates that G-actin binds Gc preferentially. For F-actin, this process is enhanced by gelsolin which severs actin filaments and thereby increases the pool of free G-actin. Further, gelsolin rapidly depolymerizes F-actin and one actin monomer is transferred from the calcium-sensitive site of gelsolin to Gc. This regenerates the actin-binding activity of gelsolin, and frees up gelsolin to interact with additional F-actin (10, 13, 15, 17, 19, 26). It also results in the majority of actin monomers eventually becoming complexed to Gc. Abnormalities in the circulating levels of Gc and the percentage of the complexes have been recently noted in several disorders (6, 12, 16, 18, 22).


Genius Loci is an art installation and a theater play based on audiovisual augmented reality combined with contemporary writings and religious texts. The scenography takes place in a disused church and begins with a dialog between a contemporary author in residence and the ghost of a Carthusian monk during which the graphical rendering of historical hypotheses is progressively revealed. In the second part, the silhouette of the monk emerges from contemporary visuals that combine fluid and animated graphical patterns anchored to the church geometry. After saying a psalm, the monk vanishes in an apocalyptic audiovisual crescendo. Both historical and contemporary visuals are animated spatial augmented reality installations based on 3D scans of the church enriched with historical furniture and ornamentation. This study shows how digitalised heritage can be used for situated performance, and offers insights on artistic and technological issues that can ensure a better immersion of the audience through enhanced believability and empathy with the performance.


The general problem of identifying significant characteristics of a system by analyzing the properties of a signal emitted by that system is common to many disciplines, biological as well as physical. In gen eral, achievement of a satisfactory solution depends on the capability of assigning membership of candidate signals to one of a number of mutually exclusive categories? In this study, a new technique of processing the standard electrocardiograms from human subjects has been developed. This technique employs a set of non-linear transformations which enable the assignment of electro cardiograms into one of two mutually exclusive categories. The first category is that of patients with occult coronary artery disease; the second category is that of subjects free from coronary artery disease. An introduction to the conventional means for assess ing the standard electrocardiogram is presented, and the limitations noted. The new method is then presented which consists in large part of combining non-linear signal processing with a topological re-orientation of convention al cartesian coordinates to yield a multi-vector space which offers an optimum degree of visual perceptibility. Moreover, in this new domain, the transformed EKG tracings taken from subjects fr^e from coronary artery disease


Vector-borne disease research in Africa achieved significance when the second Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine was awarded to Sir Ronald Ross in 1902 for his work on mosquito ecology and malaria transmission dynamics (M. J. Bockarie et al., 1999). Ross was the first to show that the bite of infected mosquitoes transmitted the malarial parasite, and the first to demonstrate this phenomenon in the field through vector ecology studies in Sierra Leone in 1899 (M. J. Bockarie et al., 1999). His fieldwork in Africa, including the application of source reduction to control malaria, helped to explain the previously observed effects of traditional malaria control measures, such as drainage of marshes, and informed the development of better approaches used to control malaria today. The life history of Onchocerca volvulus, the parasite that causes onchocerciasis, was also first demonstrated in Sierra Leone in 1926 by scientists from the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine (Blacklock, 1926). Nevertheless, the local capacity for research on vectorborne diseases in many African countries remains underdeveloped. Building the capacity for medical entomology and parasitology in malaria-affected countries, through the training of local vector scientists, was critical to achieving the objectives of the malaria eradication programme in the 1950s and 1960s after the development of dichlorodiphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT) (Najera et al., 2011). The knowledge acquired from outside Africa, where DDT house-spraying interrupted malaria transmission, encouraged the initiation of field epidemiological studies, using local investigators, to determine factors affecting the intense transmission of malaria in many parts of the Africa. The Garki District in northern Nigeria was selected for the field studies, and the renowned Garki Project was launched in 1969 (Molineaux & Gramiccia, 1980). The main objectives of the project were to determine the impact of indoor residual spraying and mass drug administration and to construct and test a mathematical model of malaria transmission. The entomological investigations needed to achieve the expected outcomes included the determination of vectorial capacities and entomological inoculation rates for different malaria vectors. The project concluded that indoor spraying had a very limited impact on malaria transmission intensity because, through vector ecology studies, it was shown that the Anopheles gambiae s.l. population was mainly exophilic. The main lesson learnt from the Garki Project is that vector studies are very important in determining the impact of malaria control activities. In recent years, vector-borne diseases have been contained through medicines, vaccines, and the application of novel insecticide-based approaches, including the use of insecticidal nets. In a recent review of the importance of vector-based strategies for the control and elimination of vector-borne diseases, Wilson et al. (2020) suggested that vector control has contributed more to shrinking the map of vector-borne diseases than drugs or vaccines. However, vector control methods are being threatened by insecticide resistance and the challenges of producing insecticidal materials in affected countries. To mitigate these challenges in Africa, scientists using modern molecular tools should generate new knowledge about the vectors, vector-parasite relationships, and insecticide resistance in the affected countries. Unfortunately, major funding agencies supporting research and capacity building in Africa, including the European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership, do not currently fund vector studies (Nyirenda et al., 2021). Similar concerns were raised in Europe in 2013 when the European Commission released a draft agenda for funding research within the Framework Programme, the Horizon 2020, and there was no specific action to support research on vectors (Kohl et al., 2016). The local capacity for molecular entomology studies in Africa is minimal and this has led to parachute research (M. Bockarie et al., 2018) by scientists from the global north extracting data and knowledge from resource-poor communities in the Global South, leaving scientists in Africa unable to pursue their work and contribute to the scientific discourse in global health. The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria (Global Fund) provides 56% of all international financing for malaria programmes (The Global Fund, 2022). It is the largest funder of malaria prevention and treatment, including the procurement and distribution of insecticide-treated bed nets. However, little funding is provided by The Global Fund to support vector monitoring that will generate data on the changing patterns in the ecology and behaviour of the malaria vectors as well as vector-parasite relationships and insecticide resistance. The United States President's Malaria Initiative (PMI) currently provides the largest funding for malaria entomological monitoring, which supports 24 malaria-affected countries in sub-Saharan Africa and three additional countries in Southeast Asia to reduce malaria transmission intensity and progress towards malaria elimination (PMI, 2021). PMI works closely with national malaria programs and global partners including the World Health Organization and Global Fund. In 2020, the U.S. Congress appropriated $746 m for PMI activities (PMI, 2021). Nevertheless, some malaria-affected countries in Africa have raised concerns over how PMI supports its activities in the Received: 9 June 2022 Accepted: 4 July 2022


A discussion on China's new Labour Law, which came into effect on January 1 1995, is presented. The focus is on the increase in devastating fires in the country during 1994 that killed over a thousand people. Provisions for workers' health and safety under the new legislation are examined.


The measurement of sin 2β is discussed within and beyond the standard model. In the presence of new physics, the angle β extracted from the global fit(denoted by βfit) and the one extracted from B → J/ψKS (denoted by βJ/ψ) are in general all different from the 'true' angle β of the unitarity triangle of the CKM matrix. Possible new physics effects on the ratio Rβ = sin 2βJ/ψ/ sin 2βfit is studied and parameterized in a most general form. It is shown that the ratio Rβ may provide a useful tool in probing new physics. The value of Rβ is obtained through an update of the global fit of the unitarity triangle with the latest data and found to be less than unity at 1σ level. The new physics effects on Rβ from the models with minimum flavor violation (MFV) and the standard model with two-Higgs-doublet (S2HDM) are studied in detail. It is found that the MFV models seem to give a relative large value Rβ ≥ 1 with the current data. This may indicate that this kind of new physics may be disfavored and alternative new physics with additional phases appears more relevant. As an illustration for models with additional phase beyond CKM phase, the S2HDM effects on Rβ are studied and found to be easily coincide with the data due to the flavor changing neutral Higgs interaction.


During the period between April 1970 and Octoober 1972, 25 trips were made in the Dutch Wadden Sea from Den Helder to the Eems. Salinity, temperature and suspended matter were measured (Tables I to XXVI) and plotted on map (Figures 1 to 26)


As the capital markets have improved, more investors have shifted their concern from weathering the financial crisis to anticipating the inflationary effects of rising federal spending and debt.


Glycidyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (Glytac) was used as a modifier for surface modification of jute fiber. Modifying effect factors such as Glytac concentration, sodium hydroxide concentration, temperature, and time were optimized as follows: Glytac concentration, 60 g/L; sodium hydroxide concentration, 20 g/L; temperature, 60°C; and treatment time, 60 min. After the Glytac treatment, the zeta potential value on the fiber surface increased over a pH range of 3.5–9.5. Compared to the raw jute fibers, the modified jute fibers could be dyed with reactive dye using a small amount of salt and alkali and had higher K/S values under the same dye concentration range of 0.5–8.0% (o.w.f.). Furthermore, the dyed Glytac-treated jute fibers had higher exhaustion, fixation, and total fixation and better washing fastness and dry rubbing fastness than those of raw jute fibers.


In Oryx, Vol. 2, No. 3, there was a brief account of the Otter Committee and how and why it was formed. There are many problems which it has been endeavouring to solve, particularly in connection with the otters' breeding and feeding habits. One important question is whether this delightful animal is a menace to fishing and in need of control, as some people believe, or whether in fact it is a harmless, beneficial creature, which deserves peace and protection from mankind.


In the paper the Bayesian and the least squares methods of quantum state tomography are compared for a single qubit. The quality of the estimates are compared by computer simulation when the true state is either mixed or pure. The fidelity and the Hilbert-Schmidt distance are used to quantify the error. It was found that in the regime of low measurement number the Bayesian method outperforms the least squares estimation. Both methods are quite sensitive to the degree of mixedness of the state to be estimated, that is, their performance can be quite bad near pure states.


The authors discuss the correction of klystron cavity beam-loading formulas for the effect of velocity modulation on the beam. These effects were small for older klystrons, in which the quarter-plasma-wavelength spacing minimized the velocity modulation at each gap. It is noted that they appear to be significant for recent designs using larger numbers of cavities with irregular spacings. Accurate formulas are given for the transit time and exit velocity of individual particles, and analytic solutions are presented which appear to have some merit but are incomplete.<<ETX>>