Summary form only given. Just as optical waveguides play a central role in many aspects of modern optics, from communications to integrated optics, atom waveguides are likely to be an enabling technology for future atom-optics-based science. In particular, well-characterized atom waveguides may make possible inertial and rotation measurements of exquisite sensitivity via large-enclosed-area atom interferometers. The first guides for atoms were based on optical forces, where hollow glass fibers guide light, and the light in turn guides atoms. In this paper we have guided neutral atoms using photolithographically patterned current-carrying wires in two different configurations.


The liberal trend of Judaism, which represents only a minority of Jews in France, presents itself as the herald of a « modern » Judaism, that questions the traditional status of women in religion – basic equality is advocated as far as ritual practices are concerned – and the laws governing family matters, but also the possibilities of conversion, or the issue of a possible involvement in social matters.Subsequent to the trauma and to the thoughts which followed the Shoah, the secularisation brought by this trend of Judaism is an essential part of a new Jewish identity. A new identity which is claimed by the members of these communities and which is one of the main reasons of their being excluded by the established Jewish authorities in France.This article is based on the analysis of about thirty interviews with some rabbis of these communities and with a few of their members.


Preface: Onder Ergonul and Chris A. Whitehouse Section I: Introduction and Historical Perspectives 1. Introduction: Onder Ergonul and Chris A. Whitehouse 2. A Historical Perspective of Infectious Diseases with Reference to Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever: Berna Arda and Ahmet Aciduman 3. Personal Reflections: Jack Woodall Section II: Etiologic agent 4. Molecular Biology of the Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus: Ramon Flick 5. Molecular Epidemiology, Genomics, and Phylogeny of the Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus: Roger Hewson Section III: Epidemiology and ecology 6. Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever in Turkey: Zati Vatansever, Ramazan Uzun, Agustin Estrada-Pena, Onder Ergonul 7. Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever in the Balkans: Tatjana Avsic-Zupanc 8. Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever in Iran: Sadegh Chinikar 9. Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever in Russia and the Former Soviet Union: A.M. Butenko and G.G. Karganova 10. Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever CCHF in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of Western China: Masayuki Saijo 11. Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever in South Africa: Felicity J. Burt and Robert Swanepoel 12. Role of Ticks in the Transmission of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus: Mike Turell 13. Infection among Animals: Aysegul Nalca and Chris A. Whitehouse 14. Ecology of Disease and the Role of Climate Change: Sarah Randolph and David J. Rogers 15. Predicative Models of Infection: Ben Cooper Section IV: Clinical Features and Pathogenesis 16. Clinical and Pathologic Features of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever: Onder Ergonul 17. Pathogenesis of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever and Correlation with other Viral Hemorragic Fevers: Mike Bray 18. Laboratory Diagnosis of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever: Herve Zeller 19. Treatment of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever 19.1. Current Therapy: Ribavirin Use and Hematological Support: Onder Ergonul 19.2. Old and New Treatment Strategies: Ali Mirazimi 19.3. Antibodies to CCHFV for Prophylaxis And Treatment: Mitko Dimitrov Section V: Prevention and Control 20. Risk Groups and Control of Tick Vectors: Chris A. Whitehouse 21. Estimates and Prevention of Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Risks for Health Care Workers: Arnaud Tarantola, Onder Ergonul, Pierre Tattevin 22. International Surveillance and Control of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Outbreaks: Pierre Formenty, Glenn Schnepf , Fernando Gonzalez-Martin, and Zhenqiang Bi Section VI: Remaining questions and future research Future Research: Onder Ergonul and Chris A. Whitehouse Frequently Asked Questions Index


Computational classification of proteins, using models such as profile hidden Markov models, has demonstrated great success in recent years. Nevertheless, as the percentage of the sequence identities of related proteins goes below 30%, the chance of their relationship being detected by these methods becomes increasingly small. Based on recent research studies, we hypothesize that the knowledge of a small set of key residues and the distances between each neighboring pair allows one to classify a given protein into an appropriate group. We propose a class of models termed sparse profile hidden Markov models and a training algorithm for obtaining these models from data. We test our algorithm and models on three superfamilies, known to be sandwich-like proteins, and show that the knowledge of the key residues, which comprise only about 25% of the sequence, and the distribution of distances may to be adequate for modeling a protein superfamily. This new result may lead to more general models of various protein taxa as well as computational savings in protein classification.


Accurate description of the single scattering properties of atmospheric particles can be an essential factor influencing the remote sensing of atmospheric microphysics. In this paper, a database for the linearized single scattering properties of ice particles was developed in the visible to infrared spectral region of 0.4–15 μm and for size parameters ranging from 0.5 to 500. The linearized invariant imbedding T-matrix method and linearized physical-geometric optics method were jointly applied. A full set of integral scattering properties including extinction efficiency, single scattering albedo, asymmetry factors, and differential scattering properties, including six phase matrix elements, were the basic scattering parameters in the database. Furthermore, the Jacobians of these regular scattering properties with respect to refractive index (real and imaginary parts) and effective radius were also included and used for sensitivity determinations. The spectral and size-dependent variations and changing rates of the derivative characteristics with actual application values, such as backscattering depolarization ratios, were also discussed.


well as in Sorosphaera, amoebae are carried into new cells by the division of the infected host cell as described above for Spongospora. Ligniera radicalis develops in the root hairs and cortical parenchyma of the roots of Callitriche stagnalis. As stated in the former paper, a true schizogenous phase is lacking. As in Tetramyxa, cell division does not accompany nuclear division during the growth of the organism. The chromidial stage occurs here as usual before the meiotic divisions. The first of these divisions often occurs before the plasmodium has broken up, but in such cases the plasmodium breaks up into "energids" during the second mitosis in such a way that the four nuclei resulting from the two mitoses are inclosed in the protoplasmic masses, which break up into four spores. The mode of development of L. Junci and L. verrucosa is similar to that of L. radicalis. Molliardia is described as a new genus to include Tetramyxa Triglochinis Molliard. This form is peculiar in producing no spores on the host plant. The infected cells contain plasmodia which soon break up into uninucleate schizonts. These become 2-8-nucleate and break up anew. The full life history of this form is not known. In conclusion, the author adds some observations on the affinities of the Plasmodiophoraceae. He is inclined to regard them as being more closely related to such forms as Rhizomyxa and Woronina among the Chytridiales than to the Myxomycetes.-H. HASSELBRING.


This commentary reflects my impressions of CME Congress 2012, a provocative international conference on professional development and quality improvement in the health professions that took place in Toronto, Ontario, last spring. I attended all of the plenary general sessions and one of the 4 to 10 concurrent sessions offered in each time slot, and had read recent articles by many of the other concurrent session presenters. Because I had no major obligations beyond being an attendee, I enjoyed the luxury of mainly listening and reflecting. The sessions I attended and conversations I had with other attendees were interpreted through the lens of my many years as a scholar and practitioner in adult education as well as my experience and beliefs regarding what the scope of professional development for the health occupations should be. I believe that promoting health and well-being requires that stakeholders understand and act at multiple levels, including the societal (policies, standards, resources), organizational (health care, teamwork, educational), and interpersonal (practitioners, patients, caregivers). Progress in continuing professional development depends on cooperation among a broad scope of stakeholders, including policy makers, administrators, funders, coordinators, instructors, participants/practitioners, and patients. The practitioners and scholars who took part in Congress 2012 did much to broaden our understanding of these connections and contribute to our shared goal of learning how to improve health. The comments I offer in this commentary are intended for anyone in any stakeholder role interested in promoting


The polarographic waves of CH2O oxidation in 2–3 M NaOH solutions containing 0.04–0.10 M (+)-tartrate are diffusion controlled: the dependences of limiting current (ilim) on the square root of the Hg column height are linear and the temperature coefficient of the limiting current is relative small, i.e., ∼2% grad–1. The anodic waves of CH2O oxidation could be used for analytical purposes. ilimis proportional to CH2O concentration in the range 2×10–4–4×10–3 M. The precision of CH2O determination is typical for DC-polarography. A RSD smaller than 3 % has been obtained for 20–200 μmol; CH2O. The method proposed is suitable for the direct determination of formaldehyde in electroless copper plating solutions containing (+)-tartrate or glycerol as Cu(II) ions ligands.


An experiment was performed to assess how gender, race ·, and socioeconomic status influence self-disclosure. ~b.ese three :factors were investigated by having the participants rate their degree of' self-disclosure to each parent and to a. male friend and female friend. The Jourard Self-Disclosure Questionaire was,:. used •. The subjects consisted of' eighty college stud ·ents, twenty · white males, twenty white females, twenty black males, and twenty · black females. All subjects were enrolled at two Rhode Island Colleges and were tested in a group by an examiner of the same. sex and race. The results were analyzed using a 2 x 2 x 2 analysis of' variance test. . This consisted . of' 2 (male, female) x 2 (black, white) x 2 (upper socioec9nomic status, lower socioeconomic status). A significant di:f':f'erence in the reported rates of' .tetal self-disclosure by sex (F = 4. 9J, df' =(1,72) p(.05) was :f'ound, with females disclosing . morethan males. A significant sex . x race interac .tion was also found (F = 7.75 (df': l,72), p<.01). A simple e:f':f'ects test found that white · :f'emales ·disclosed more than black :f'emalesa but black · and white males do not diff .er in their total self-disclosure. The results were also analyzed using a 2 x ~ x 2 x 4 analysis of' variance (gender x race x socioeconomic status x targets) to measure the di:f':f'erence 1 . in rates of' selfdis closure to .di:f':f'erent target persons. A significant difference in self-disclosure to different target persons was :f'ound. (F = 20.52, d:f' = (J,216) -p<.001). A significant target by socioeconomic status interaction was round (F = J.48 (d:f' = J,216), p(.05). A ~uo~ . :f'~liow~ lilp~.test revealed that there was a significant difference in subject•s self-disclosure to father compared to the · other targets. A significant sex x race x target interaction was also found in the 2 x 2 x 2 x 4 ANOVA • . (F = 2.84, (df= J,216), p(.05). Differences were found in self-disclosure ii


iii reason, vehicle brands should ensure that their individualistic brand personality is portrayed throughout the various product ranges they have on offer, in order to increase consumers' willingness to purchase extended product offerings. Future research should address the methodological and other limitations of this study by collecting data from respondents of all nine of South Africa's provinces, and by considering the use of probability sampling. Collecting longitudinal data should also be considered, because brand attachment is developed over time. Lastly, future research can focus on measuring consumers' brand attachment towards a specific vehicle brand and/or model, which will help to develop a broader perspective of vehicle buyers' brand attachment behaviour.


OBJECTIVE To provide scientific rationale on antibiotic usage for clinical physicians by analyzing the distribution and the clinical characteristics of nosocomial infection in cardiovascular patients from 2005 to 2009. METHODS Bacteria isolated from cardiovascular patients from Jan 2005 to Dec 2009 were retrospectively analyzed.All data were analyzed by Whonet 5.4 and Excel. RESULTS Among the 1968 isolates of pathogens,the Gram-negative bacilli were 1216 strains(61.79%),the Gram-positive bacilli were 256 strains(13.01%)and fungi were 496 strains(25.20%).The main infections location were as follows:1520 pathogens were in respiratory tract(77.23%),160 pathogens in urinary tract(8.13%);36 pathogens in wound secretion(1.83%);there were the most ferquently isolatad pathogens,such as Candida albicans,Candida albicans,Escherichia coil,Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii;C.albicans separation rate decreased in 5 years,the isolation rates of C.albicans,E.coil,P.aeruginosa and A.baumannii were significantly increased. CONCLUSION Cardiovascular patients are easy to get respiratory infection in hospital and in lung infections infected by negative bacillus which are one of the common causes in aggravated heart failure.Therefore,it is necessary to enhance the distribution of pathogens and drug resistance in cardiovascular department,effectively control of infection and the emergence of resistant strains.


Nursing higher education has new challenges to prepare nursing students as agents of change in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0. Nursing students today are millennial and Z generation with unique needs and ways of learning. Students more interested in digital-based learning media. Digital-based learning methods were an urgent need to be developed to provide solutions to the learning needs of the millennial generation. The systematic review aimed to discuss the use of VR technology for educating the nursing student. The databases searched included: PubMed, Springerlink and Proquest from the years 2015 to 2019 with the keywords virtual reality, virtual simulation, simulation technology, immersive learning. The inclusion criteria included: articles published in the English language, student respondents and randomized controlled trial (RCT) research methods. The results of article was identified and reviewed by 3 researchers. Researchers approved 158 titles of article that match the keywords without duplicates and 5 articles that match the inclusion criteria. Four articles discuss the students' competencies when using virtual simulations compared with the manikin simulated. The results showed an increase in psychomotor skills, communication, and knowledge. Self-confidence increases, learning satisfaction and anxiety levels decrease. Two articles discuss the analysis of the unit cost, which states that the virtual simulation has cost utility ratio more profitable compared with the Manikin simulations. The results of the systematic review showed that virtual reality was relevant method as a learning strategy to enhance students' competencies and have more profitable costs compared to conventional methods.


Since 2006, several cities and states have implemented paid sick leave mandates. We examine the effects of paid sick leave mandates in Washington, D.C. (2008) and Connecticut (2011) on leave-taking behavior. After these policies are implemented, there are significant decreases in the aggregate rate of illness-related leave taking, relative to control groups, for both those directly affected and those not directly affected by the policy. The estimates are strong for Connecticut, but are more sensitive to the specification and weaken over time for D.C. We also find decreases in leave-taking when exploiting exogenous variation in access to paid sick leave through changes in local industry composition over time. Our results suggest that mandated sick leave policies can provide large positive public health externalities by allowing sick workers to stay home rather than coming to work and spreading their illness to customers and coworkers.


To study the flutter stability of streamlined bridge decks,the moving grid technique was adopted to simulate the forced vibration of the rigid body with different motion.The flutter derivatives with different reduced wind speed were extracted from obtained aerodynamic forces with least square method.The flutter derivatives of the ideal flat plate were computed and compared with the Theodorsen's theoretic solutions.The computed results agree well with Theodorsen's theoretic solutions.This method was used to calculate the flutter derivatives and critical wind speeds of three streamlined bridge decks.The results show that: increasing the aspect ratio can improve the flutter stability of the streamlined bridge deck;using the polygonal-line deck,the flutter stability is better than the one of arc line shape deck when their aspect ratio is same.2 tabs,6 figs,11 refs.


A cyber home learning system seeks to raise achievement and reduce the huge cost of private tutors, a practice not available to every Korean family.


Abstract Oxidation of fats and oils reduces the nutritional value of food and causes various health problems. The addition of antioxidants prevents the oxidation of fats in the food. The antioxidant activity of antioxidants represents the ability to inhibit the process of oxidation. The antioxidant activity of herbal extracts has usually been assessed in a linoleic acid emulsion system. The aim of the present study was to evaluate inhibition of conjugated diene formation in Latvian linseed oil. Ethanol extract of the calyx of Hibiscus sabdariffa L., vanillin, α-tocopherol and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol as additives were compared for their antioxidative activity. The samples of linseed oil with additives were incubated for 24 h at 60 °C and then analysed using UV spectrophotometry (λ = 234 nm). The antioxidant activity of additives was characterised by the percentage of formation of conjugated dienes. The ability of additives to inhibit oxidation in linseed oil decreases as follows: vanillin, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol and α-tocopherol. Our results indicate that linseed oil can be used to test antioxidative activity of substances.


For measuring vitamins A and E in fortified palm oil, trichloroacetic acid (TCA) through visible spectrophotometry and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) through phenanthroline method were developed. Using TCA determination method, vitamin A was directly measured at λ = 620 nm, with 92.84 % ± 0.74 accuracy, 0.79 % RSD, 2.15 IU/g limit of detection (LOD) and 7.17 IU/g limit of quantitation (LOQ). Using the mole difference calculation method of Fe2+ after Fe3+ reduction by total antioxidants and vitamin A, vitamin E content was indirectly measured. Total antioxidant capacity required for reducing Fe3+ was determined using phenanthroline method at λ = 510 nm. The temperature and reaction time for the saponification process were also evaluated. Optimum saponification was obtained at 70 ºC in 20 min with a recovery percentage of 93.81 %. Determined Vitamin E had 93.94 % ± 0.63 accuracy, 0.68 % RSD, 0.11 IU/g LOD and 0.76 IU/g LOQ.


Recent important developments within Discourse Representation Theory include a more elaborate formalisation and account of presuppositional phenomena, as well as the integration of unification as a mode of composition. Focusing on these issues, the following claims are made: (i) the varying compositional impact of some adverbials, ranging from merely constraining the properties of a predicate to radically altering them, is suitably modeled applying unification, and (ii) pragmatic mechanisms like bridging, presupposition verification and accommodation can apply word-internally for some lexical items. To substantiate these claims, the analysis will centre around the German causal preposition durch ('by', 'through', 'by means of'). 1 A challenge to strict compositionality An adverbial can be said to be a free syntactic constituent which modifies a predicate semantically. However, some adverbials not only modify a predicate, but may even radically alter its properties. Prepositional adjuncts headed by the German causal-instrumental preposition durch ('by', 'through', 'by means of') belong to one such class of adverbials (cf. section 5 for further examples). One of the main functions of durch is to mark its complement as the causing event in a causal relation between two events, as exemplified below:


Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices. a Monolithic Thermocouple Amplifiers with Cold Junction Compensation AD594/AD595


Abstract Background Previous reviews suggest there is minimal evidence for an association between duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) and neurocognition. This is based on tallied findings of studies with small samples and neurocognition viewed as a single construct. We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis examining the association between DUP and individual neurocognitive domains and tests in first-episode psychosis (FEP). Method MOOSE and PRISMA guidelines were followed. Forty-three studies involving 4647 FEP patients were included. For studies providing correlations between DUP and neurocognition, 12 separate meta-analyses were performed based on neurocognitive domains/indices. The influence of demographic/clinical variables was tested using weighted linear meta-regression analyses. Results The relationship between DUP and most neurocognitive domains/indices was not significant. Longer DUP was associated with a larger cognitive deterioration index, i.e. current minus premorbid intellectual functioning (N = 4; mean ES −0.213, 95% confidence interval (CI) (−0.344 to −0.074), p = 0.003). Findings were homogeneous, with no evidence of publication bias or significant influence from moderators. For studies providing mean and standard deviations for neurocognitive measures and DUP, 20 meta-regressions were performed on individual neurocognitive tests. One significant finding emerged showing that longer DUP was associated with fewer Wisconsin Card Sorting Test-perseverative errors (mean ES −0.031, 95% CI (−0.048 to −0.013), p < 0.001). Exploratory meta-regressions in studies with mean DUP <360 days showed longer DUP was significantly associated with poorer performance on Trail Making Test A and B and higher Full-Scale IQ. Conclusion There may not be a generalised association between DUP and neurocognition, however, specific cognitive functions may be associated with longer DUP or delayed help-seeking.


Background: one of the strategies of the Cuban Ministry of Public Health is to promote research that allows knowing, in its multidimensional character, the individual and population aging. Human sexuality is the result of the cognitive interaction between the individual and his social, family and personal environment. A very important and always possible fact in the relation between men and


Faculty members from the College of Engineering and Science teamed up with the College of Business and the College of Liberal Arts to develop an engaging experience aimed at high school students and teachers. By including and focusing on teachers, the program will ultimately have broader impact on much greater number of students for years to come. Prior to the camp, teachers are led through Professional Development activities that model the camp experience. This allows for teachers to provide a deeper context for the students that attend. During the summer of 2015 the camp was piloted at Louisiana Tech University with 12 teachers and 34 students. The STEM-Discovery camp was a natural expansion of the TechSTEP and Cyber Discovery program developed by Louisiana Tech University. The camp consists of discussion sessions, hands on labs, programming exercises, team-building experiences, communication skills, and fundamental STEM topics in order to show a broad perspective of design. Teams of teachers and students are motivated to understand fundamental STEM topics within the context of interesting design challenges. Additionally, teams are exposed to key enabling technologies of engineering design software and modern prototyping equipment and tools. This builds a spirit of teamwork while enhancing both oral and written communication skills. In order to design content that provided these educational objectives, the Project Execution Team, along with the content experts in each of the three primary threads followed the DESIGN model, proposed in this project. DESIGN can be demonstrated as: Describing, Exploring, Selecting, Implementing, Gaging, and repeating N number of times.


Multi-objective optimization is performed of a turbofan. The objectives are to minimize the Specific Fuel Consumption at cruise conditions, as well as to maximize the Specific Thrust during the take-off phase. Three design variables have been selected: the by-pass ratio, the fan pressure ratio, and the high pressure compressor pressure ratio. The backbones of the optimization approach consist of a genetic algorithm and a modular gas turbine simulation tool. Keywords— Turbine Engine Model, Genetic Algorithm, Multi-Objective Optimization


The UNIX UNIX is a trademark of AT&T Bell Laboratories. operating system has been extended to support a crash resistant file system. This paper describes the modifications which were made to the UNIX kernel to support such a file system and the associated recovery facilities for maintaining the internal consistency of files despite the failure of the host processor, transient hardware failures and decay of the storage medium.


. We consider versions of the local duality theorem in C n . We show that there exist canonical pairings in these versions of the duality theorem which can be expressed explicitly in terms of residues of Grothendieck, or in terms of residue currents of Coleff-Herrera and Andersson-Wulcan, and we give several different proofs of non-degeneracy of the pairings. One of the proofs of non-degeneracy uses the theory of linkage, and conversely, we can use the non-degeneracy to obtain results about linkage for modules. We also discuss a variant of such pairings based on residues considered by Passare, Lejeune-Jalabert and Lundqvist. representations of the fundamental cycle of Cohen-Macaulay ideals.


The monograph is devoted to the study of the brightest phenomenon of the world art culture — Russian literature of the "golden age", which was formed as an aristocratic, personocentric literature. Russian Russian literature began to realize its "cultural code", its purpose, which was close to it in spirit; moreover, it unconsciously formed a program for its development, immediately finding its "gold mine": elitist personocentrism as a highly promising vector of culture, which became a decisive factor in the world recognition of Russian literature. The end-to-end plot of the book was the spiritual biography of the" extra person", a person, a personality. The author suggests that the starting point in the Russian cultural identification of the modern type is "Eugene Onegin" by A. S. Pushkin. This novel in verse, which embodied the type of "superfluous", determined not only the specifics and strategy of the development of Russian literature (which is proved by the analysis of the key classical works of the XIX century-from Griboyedov to Chekhov); in fact, it formed a program for the development of modern world literature.
For specialists in literature, teachers and students of philological faculties of universities. It will also be useful for cultural scientists, specialists in literary and artistic creativity.


Summary Innerfield's method of determining antithrombin III using plasma "defibrinated" by thrombin is submitted to criticsm. This method proves to involve insufficient defibrination: the higher the fibrinogen concentration of the plasma to be tested, the larger the fibrinogen remnant after "defibrination". The residual fibrinogen interferes in the determinations of antithrombin III, as fibrin (antithrombin I) adsorbes thrombin; an increase in antithrombin III activity is suggested. This becomes manifest in all conditions associated with hyperfibrinogenaemia, including acute pancreatitis.


PURPOSE: A system and a method for manufacturing a CD-ROM disc capable of booting and a CD-ROM disc made thereby are provided to supply large-capacity programs, booting and data-storing CD-ROM functions by a single CD-ROM disc and recover the data of a damaged hard disc automatically. CONSTITUTION: A system for manufacturing a CD-ROM disc capable of booting includes a data source for providing data to read to a CD-ROM disc, a floppy disc(30) recorded with a manage system of a booting computer and a program to perform after booting, a computer(10) for aligning the data source and the contents of the floppy disc to form a master file, a master hard disc(40) for storing the master file, and a CD-ROM recording unit(50) to be controlled by the computer for recording the master file stored in the master hard disc to the CD-ROM disc.


In this article, the author focuses on the statist imaginary associated with the defence of public education. Drawing on work on the idea of the public sphere, anarchist theory and the politics of movement, she argues that in a world characterised by unprecedented and growing levels
 of mass migration and displacement, a new, nonstatist imaginary is needed. She explores some ways in which such imaginaries can play a role in educational thought and practice.


security is an important issue in data transmission through any type of network whether it is LAN, WAN, MAN or PAN. We are concentrating on PAN that is personal area network. Bluetooth is an example of this type of network. To provide the security in Bluetooth communication currently used encryption algorithm is a 128 bit symmetric stream cipher but symmetric cipher may be broken under certain condition. Another popularly used encryption algorithm for Bluetooth security are Data Encryption Standard (DES) and Ron Rivest, Adi Shamir and leonard adleman (RSA) Algorithm. However DES is vulnerable to possible attacks. To overcome these limitations and increase the security in Bluetooth communication here we propose an integrated cryptographic scheme. This scheme is based on Triple DES, RSA and MD5.Triple DES algorithm (variant of DES) is used for encryption, which is more secure in comparison to DES. RSA is used to encrypt the key of triple DES. Message digest Algorithm MD5 is adopted in this mechanism to verify the integrity of the message. Three major security principles such as authentication, confidentiality and integrity are achieved together using this scheme.


The Taiwan Island-Wide Poets' Conference started under the Japanese Occupation in the spring of 1914 and ended in 1943. The paper will examine how the Taiwanese Poet's Society was organized into a community network around the island via the formation of a community field, and also clarify the initiation process and development of the Conference. Taiwanese communications media became popular during the Japanese occupation, and the Conference often published news through media outlets, such as newspapers and magazines. This paper will discuss the communicative effectiveness of the community in terms of organizational activities and operating modes. The Conference's main activity was Jiboyin (擊缽吟). The organizer of the poetry reciting often had the privilegeof officiating at large poetry conferences, which allowe them to direct conference topics and discussion along the cultural lines dictated by the director. At different stages of the topic conference, t the community field would have different "voiced" contents. The paper also focuses on how the chanting content of the Conference went through three periodic changes. With regards to literary production, the the Taiwanese classical poet community produced a considerable number of works which adhered to "timing specifications". This inevitably stimulated the publishing industry, and acted as a driving force behind the spread ofclassical poetry. In the communication field of "mass-produced" poetic works, Japanese-controlled mass media and audiences often criticized the communication field. The most criticized aspect of the Conference was its restriction of subject matter, and the romantic depiction of the geisha, which diverged from actual disposition and sociality.


This paper presents two integrated magnetic sensor ICs for isolated current measurement that have a fluxgate magnetometer co-integrated along with circuitry on a die. The integrated fluxgate has a sensitivity of 250 V/T and a 500 ksps readout circuit and requires only 5.4 mW for fluxgate excitation, which is 20x more power-efficient than the state of the art. The fluxgate magnetometer was used to realize the first fully integrated sensor IC for closed-loop current sensing. It achieves a dynamic range of 112 dB and a nonlinearity below 0.03%. A second realization provides a precision magnetic sensor IC that can be used for open-loop and differential-field current sensing. It features a sensor gain variation of 0.04% (1-sigma), a nonlinearity below 0.2%, a bandwidth of 47 kHz, and a dynamic range of 100 dB.


The clinical syndrome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) peritoneal dialysis (PD) peritonitis is poorly understood. Whether local tuberculosis (TB) patterns modify the clinical syndrome, and what factors associate with poor outcomes is also unknown.


Results of a field experiment conducted during the year 2015 at the Seed Farm, MPKV, Rahuri, Distt. Ahmednagar to determine the residues and dissipation of Nativo 75 per cent WG (trifloxystrobin 25% + tebuconazole 50%) in/on pomegranate and soil are reported. Three sprays of Nativo 75 WG were given @ 300 and 600 g ha−1 at an interval of 10 d initiating first spray at fruit setting stage. Pomegranate samples were collected at 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15 and 20th d after the last spray and the soil samples at harvest. The pesticide residues were analysed by using validated QuEChERS method on gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The average initial residues of trifloxystrobin in immature fruits were 0.63 and 1.45 mg kg−1 and that of tebuconazole 1.11 and 2.71 mg kg−1 at the single and double doses. These reached below quantification limit on 15th and 20th d, respectively. The half life values of trifloxystrobin were observed to be 4.17 and 4.55 d and tebuconazole, 4.11 and 4.74 d, respectively. Soil samples collected at harvest did not show any residues of trifloxystrobin, its metabolite CGA-321113 and tebuconazole at their quantification limit.


Any process which may be modeled statistically for a simple plasma particle may be modeled by the particle in cell technique. The success of the calculation is then dependent on having a large enough number of particles that the statistical treatment is meaningful. Thus it is possible to include the effects of secondary emission, backscattering, charge sticking and possibly dielectric breakdown, photoemission, and spallation. The first plasma dielectric interaction included in the computer code for simulating plasma insulator interactions is secondary electron emission. A calculated current density vs. voltage curve is presented and compared to an experimental curve.


The elder people in Heilongjiang Province fiercely surges,especially in rural areas,and there were many problems for the rural residents. Thus the government has adopted new policies to set pilot areas for new rural endowment insurance in some parts of our country in the expectation to solve the problems From the perspective of the problems during the operation of the new rural endowment insurance in Heilongjiang Province,This paper discusses the specific problems in the establishment of the pilot area for the new rural endowment insurance of Heilongjiang Province. Combed with the problems in the pilot period,this paper is to summarize the problems and put forward rational proposals and measures the problems of rural pension insurance exiting during the present stage in Heilongjiang Province in order to establish a more rational and suitable operating mode for the implementation of rural endowment insurance in Heilongjiang Province.


This study aims to know the therapeutic role of one of the types of plant flavonoids (rutin) in reducing the negative effects resulting from inhalation of formaldehyde 40% and its effect on lung function and tissues of rats. As well as clarifying the effective role of rutin in enhancing the effectiveness of antioxidants and reducing the oxidation process, as rutin acts as a natural antioxidant and can be found in many plant species. In this investigation, a total of twenty-four white male rats were used, and these rats were randomly assigned to four groups, with six rats in each group. The experiment was conducted over a period of three weeks and the first group served as a control, while the other groups (G1, G2, and G3) served as experimental groups. The results of evaluating some antioxidants (SOD, CAT, GSTs, and TAOC) and some oxidants (MDA, NO). revealed a clear imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants, increased oxidative stress, pathological changes in lung tissue such as enlargement and widening of the alveoli, and an increase in endothelial thickness. On the other hand, the rutin dosage increased antioxidants, decreased oxidative stress, and improved lung tissue to levels equivalent to the control group


Background Mast cells were frequently described as a source of mediators responsible for allergic complaints. The total number of mast cells in the nasal mucosa are relatively constant. Methods Two types of nasal allergen provocations of allergic rhinitis patients were used as a model to study mast cell dynamics. As provocation, either daily low doses during 14 days or a single high dose was given. Mast cell phenotype characteristics were analysed with immunohistochemical staining for tryptase, chymase and C-kit. For basophils, BB-1 antibodies were used. Results There is a 10-fold higher number C-kit positive cells than other mast cell markers (tryptase or chymase) in the epithelium at baseline. High dose allergen provocation induces a reduction in proportion of mast cell staining for chymase (MCC) while the proportion of MCT increased in the lamina propria within 1 h of allergen provocation. Repeated low dose allergen provocation induces a reduction in chymase positive cell number but the number of tryptase, C-kit positive cells did not alter in the lamina propria. Basophils could be positive for chymase, tryptase and C-kit. The number and percentages of basophils positive for chymase and C-kit increased, comparing directly after 1 h with one week of high dose allergen provocation. Conclusion Mast cell phenotypic alteration can be observed after allergen provocation. Basophil influx masks a clear mast cell alteration based on `classic' mast cell markers. The difference between mast cells and tissue basophils in the past needs redefinition. Extravasated basophils could probably be characterised as immature mast cell-committed progenitors.


Corporate Social Responsibility initiatives provide businesses the mechanism to discharge their responsibility towards society. However, the scope of business involvement with society has been a debatable issue. Does it end with the corporate paying taxes and providing employment or has a wider implication? In the new global economy, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has become a hallmark for the organization success. Companies which fail to maximize the adoption of CSR strategy will be left behind. The paper discusses how CSR practices can be used as a strategic tool to provide business advantage and ensure sustainable growth of the business.


The oxidation of Fe 2+ plays a v er y important role in bio-leaching, the exist of Cu 2+ has a un-excluded in fluence on the oxidation of Fe 2+ and the growth of thiobacillus ferrooxidans. Using the thiobacillus ferroxidans modified carbon powder microelectrode, the electrochemical mechanism of the i nfluence of Cu 2+ on the oxidation of Fe 2+ was studied. The Cyclic vo ltammetry study shows that the presence of Cu 2+ can not change the reversi bility of Fe 2+ oxidation reaction. Steady potentiodynamic and transient st air-step measurement demonstrate that the presence of Cu 2+ can not suppre ss the oxidation of Fe 2+ on the thiobacillus ferroxidans modified powder microelectrode. However when the concentration of Cu 2+ is under 15 mmol/L , it can enhance the mass transfer coefficient and accele rate the charge transfer rate of oxidation reaction


In this paper, we study the application of Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) algorithm for single layered feedforward neural networks to non-linear chaotic time series problems. In this algorithm the input weights and the hidden layer bias are randomly chosen. The ELM formulation leads to solving a system of linear equations in terms of the unknown weights connecting the hidden layer to the output layer. The solution of this general system of linear equations will be obtained using Moore-Penrose generalized pseudo inverse. For the study of the application of the method we consider the time series generated by the Mackey Glass delay differential equation with different time delays, Santa Fe A and UCR heart beat rate ECG time series. For the choice of sigmoid, sin and hardlim activation functions the optimal values for the memory order and the number of hidden neurons which give the best prediction performance in terms of root mean square error are determined. It is observed that the results obtained are in close agreement with the exact solution of the problems considered which clearly shows that ELM is a very promising alternative method for time series prediction. Keywords—Chaotic time series, Extreme learning machine, Generalization performance.


Local governments are under increasing pressure to maintain services while saving money. One mechanism for such economies is coordinating services with other municipalities, but local-government officials have often resisted such coordination. Overcoming this resistance requires understanding the factors that contribute to support for regionalism by local officials. Several forms of regional coordination exist, each with its unique impact on localities, and if the factors responsible for support by local officials for one form of regional coordination are indeed different from those responsible for other forms, then general conclusions on how to enhance this support could be misleading. The results of a survey of local officials in Virginia regarding alternative roles for regional councils confirm the predicted differences in models of support. Local officials' support for regional council involvement in service provision is primarily a function of previous council activities, with technical assistance to localities (e.g., plan preparation and providing training) being particularly constructive. Support by local officials for councils playing a regional leadership role, in contrast, is associated more with problems of the region-such services as housing and transportation appearing most critical. These findings help refine our models of the dynamics responsible for support for regional cooperation by local officials and provide practical suggestions for developing unique regional arrangements appropriate for the particular problems a region faces.


This invention is a hard disk protection system by detecting three dimensional moving status of the disk to judge for shut down. The system includes a detecting module to check disk's three dimensional moving distance, a control module to calculate the three dimensional moving distance for indication of whether to shut down, a process module to shut down upon receiving the signal. Without an out linked simulating/digital exchanger, the system makes it available for fast judgment of dangerous status of hard disk and automatically shut down for protection.


Networks, knowledge, and relationships have become crucial assets to business survival in the new economy. Research indicates that network building is a major new source of competitive advantage and an essential regional and indeed global management requirement. Because regional policies encourage interfirm alliances and the development of regional economic communities, the fostering of a culture of connectivity, networking, learning, and trust between regional Australian small and medium-size tourism enterprises (SMTEs) may offer a potential solution to the possible loss of competitive advantage for Australian tourism enterprises. It is suggested that SMTEs would benefit from increased information flow through regional networking and cooperative e-marketing campaigns to enhance market visibility, global positioning, and strategic leverage in the new economy.


We present numerical calculations of the Fresnel diffraction for periodic structures in an optical system with two apertures. In such a system, measurements are affected by the relation between the spatial frequency of the sample and the geometrical parameters involved (i.e., aperture diameters, radiometer-sample distance, in-plane rotation, and translation of the sample). This numerical calculation of the Fresnel diffraction enables us to establish criteria to choose the right geometrical parameters of the system to ensure invariance of the measurements when the sample is rotated or shifted. We use the theory of partial coherence to calculate the Fresnel diffraction through two successive apertures. By using the point spread function of the system, as in the theory of partial coherence, we avoid complicated statistical processes that are commonly used in this theory. We show some numerical results that verify our proposal.


The invention relates to the technical field of forging, particularly to a method for manufacturing a pin shaft through forging, which comprises the following steps of: selecting a proper steel ingot, and repeatedly upsetting and lengthening the steel ingot at the temperature of 1,180-850 DEG C to enable the forging ratio to be not less than 4; then sequentially carrying out performance heat treatment and machining to obtain the pin shaft. The method has the advantages that each performance index of the pin shaft manufactured by using the method satisfies the standard requirement of RCC-M, and ensures the use requirement of the pin shaft for a nuclear power plant, thereby greatly enhancing the security and the reliability and satisfying the technical requirement of such products.


1. A composition comprising: (A) one or more antidepressants; ! (B) a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, adjuvant or delivery system, and! (C) a compound of formula I! ! Or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof! wherein == designates a single or double bond; ! n is 1 or 2; ! m is 0 or 1; ! each of R1 and R2 is independently halogen, -CN, -R, -OR, or -C1-6perftoralkil -OC1-6perftoralkil; each R independently represents hydrogen or C1-6 alkyl group; ! R3 and R4 together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form a saturated or unsaturated 4-8 membered ring, wherein said ring may be substituted by 1 to 3 groups independently selected from halogen, -R, or OR; and! R5 and R6 are each independently -R; ! 2. Composition according to claim 1, wherein == is single bond. ! 3. Composition according to claim 1, characterized in that R1 represents R, OR, halogen, cyano or C1-3perftoralkil and R2 represents R, OR, halogen, cyano or C1-3perftoralkil. ! 4. A composition according to claim 3, characterized in that at least one of R1 and R2 is -OH. ! 5. Composition according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that R3 and R4 together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form a saturated or unsaturated 5-8 membered ring, wherein said ring may be substituted by 1 to 3 groups independently selected from halogen, -R, or oR. ! 6. Composition according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that said compound is a compound of formula I-a or Ib! ! or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of said compound. ! 7. Composition according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that said compound is a compound of formula Ic and


This paper describes a rather fundamental conflict between the theoretical and actual performance of differential pulse code modulation (DPCM) when operating on image data. Under the ubiquitous assumption of an exponential image autocorrelation function (Markov Model) and unity predictor weights in the DPCM loop, the one dimensional DPCM (1-D DPCM) predictor is theoretically "better than" the 2-D DPCM predictor. This result, we believe, conflicts with both intuition and practice. We begin by defining DPCM, the predictor error, and the exponential autocorrelation model. Theoretical performance measures for 1- and 2-D DPCM are computed and compared with the results for actual image data. Finally, we discuss possible reasons for the apparent discrepancies between theory and practice.


The critical technology and relevant arithmetic of the digital image process used in the tube automated recognition counting system is introduced in this paper, and with the object orient visual integrated program system-Visual C++6.0, the tube automated recognition counting software system is developed. Pattern recognition and digital image processing technology was applied in this valuable and practical system.


Since last few decades, image mosaicing in real time applications has been a challenging field for image processing experts. It has wide applications in the field of video conferencing, 3D image reconstruction, satellite imaging and several medical as well as computer vision fields. In this paper, we have proposed a feature based image mosaicing technique using image fusion. Initially, the input images are stitched together using the popular stitching algorithms i.e. Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) and Speeded-Up Robust Features (SURF). To extract the best features from the stitching results, the blending process is done by means of Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) using the maximum selection rule for both approximate as well as detail-components. The SIFT provides scale as well as rotational invariance property. The SURF provides better computation speed and illumination invariance. The robustness and quality of the above mosaicing techniques are tested by means of threedimensional rotational images.


| OnMaterialsRelated to Roof-end Tiles Bearing Buddhist Images in China and Japan 287 발표논문 | 中·日의 佛像紋수막새와 關連資料에 대하여 287 286 불교 사상과 문화 제9호 with dharmakaya and lotus motifs are categorized into four groups according to the Buddhist concept of the birth of heavenly beings. I believe that the concept played a key role in the construction of the nine roofs of the pagoda with these ornamental roof-end tiles. The primary materials for the study of early Chinese convex roof-end tiles with Buddha images include the cast tiles with dharmakaya and lotus motifs unearthed at Khotan in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region by the Japanese archaeologists of the Otani Expedition in the early twentieth century. These tiles, believed to have been made in the kingdom of Khotan in the early sixth century, were originally used to decorate the Shakyamuni shrine in a Buddhist temple. As for early Japanese convex roof-end tiles decorated with Buddha images, those of Fuki-ji, a Tendai temple in Bungotakada, Oita Prefecture, are the only extant examples. These are closely related with the roof-end tiles decorated with Brahmic scripts, five-ringed pagoda or the "Namo Amitabha Buddha" (南無阿彌陀佛) inscription that were produced between the late Heian Period (794-1185) and the Kamakura Period (1185-1333) in the Kinki and Kyushu regions. The introduction of Tantric Buddhism to Japan by Kukai and Saicho during the early ninth century resulted in a great change in Japanese Buddhism: It led to widespread belief in the ideas of the Latter Day of the Law in the late eleventh century, the spread of Pure Land Buddhism to common people as well as royalty and aristocracy, and the nationwide establishment of Amitabha shrines. Fuki-ji's tiles are regarded as rare examples which show that they were used to decorate an Amitabha shrine built in the early twelfth century. In the late eleventh century, Emperor Shirakawa established a Buddhist temple, Hossho-ji, in Kyoto based on the ideologies of Mandala, Garbhakosa-dhatu and Vajradhatu in particular, to fulfill his wish for national peace and prosperity and to promote the imperial authority. Japan's oldest roof-end tiles bearing sacred Brahmic scripts representing Vairocana Buddha of Garbhakosa-dhatu were used to decorate the octagonal nine-story wooden pagoda of the temple. The decorative roof tiles used by the temple in 1122 include those bearing the image of the five-ringed pagoda, which was built to enshrine the Buddha's sariras. The pagoda was later conferred to ordinary Amitabha worshippers in the Osaka region, who were devoted to building temples and images honoring the Buddha. The roof tiles decorated with the fiveringed pagoda design represent the union of the pagoda symbolizing Vairocana Buddha with the sarira and Amitabha worship. The tradition prospered and was spread widely by Chogen who played a key role in the restoration of Todai-ji in Nara, which was destroyed by fire during a war in 1180. The creation of roof-end tiles related with Vairocana Buddha and the Offering Bodhisattva is a unique heritage of Japanese Buddhism whose prosperity is based on Esoteric Buddhism and the ideology of the Latter Day of the Law. Abstract | OnMaterialsRelated to Roof-end Tiles Bearing Buddhist Images in China and Japan 287| OnMaterialsRelated to Roof-end Tiles Bearing Buddhist Images in China and Japan 287


Funding information XSEDE, Grant/Award Number: CHE170081; National Science Foundation, Grant/Award Number: CHE-1665336 Abstract We present a graph-theoretic approach to adaptively compute many-body approximations in an efficient manner to perform (a) accurate post-Hartree–Fock (HF) ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) at density functional theory (DFT) cost for mediumto large-sized molecular clusters, (b) hybrid DFT electronic structure calculations for condensed-phase simulations at the cost of pure density functionals, (c) reduced-cost on-the-fly basis extrapolation for gas-phase AIMD and condensed phase studies, and (d) accurate post-HF-level potential energy surfaces at DFT cost for quantum nuclear effects. The salient features of our approach are ONIOM-like in that (a) the full system (cluster or condensed phase) calculation is performed at a lower level of theory (pure DFT for condensed phase or hybrid DFT for molecular systems), and (b) this approximation is improved through a correction term that captures all many-body interactions up to any given order within a higher level of theory (hybrid DFT for condensed phase; CCSD or MP2 for cluster), combined through graph-theoretic methods. Specifically, a region of chemical interest is coarse-grained into a set of nodes and these nodes are then connected to form edges based on a given definition of local envelope (or threshold) of interactions. The nodes and edges together define a graph, which forms the basis for developing the many-body expansion. The methods are demonstrated through (a) ab initio dynamics studies on protonated water clusters and polypeptide fragments, (b) potential energy surface calculations on one-dimensional water chains such as those found in ion channels, and (c) conformational stabilization and lattice energy studies on homogeneous and heterogeneous surfaces of water with organic adsorbates using two-dimensional periodic boundary conditions.


except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now know or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks and similar terms, even if the are not identified as such, is not to be talten as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. CONTENTS List of contributors ix The life and work o f R u t h A. Berlnan xv liuth A. Berrnan's list of publications xix Acknowledgements =ix Introduction 1


More and more projects and applications require the development of ns, kJ-class DPSSL systems with multi-Hz repetition rate. We present an amplifier concept based on cryogenically cooled Yb:YAG, promising high optical-to-optical efficiency and high gain.


Tips on finding articles, books & background info on OBHR topics; labour law sources; writing & citing help. Tips on finding books on OBHR topics


It is the time of year when 2 new letters follow the names of former medical students who don fresh white coats as they begin internships. Annals of Internal Medicine and the American College of Physicians welcome those joining the practice of medicine. This is a thrilling time as you embark on your residencies. And it's thrilling for those of us years past residency to be reminded of the excitement and rewards of a life in medicine. In this issue, we publish 2 Annals Graphic Medicine pieces about the beginning of internship (1, 2) that evoke some of the emotions you are likely feeling. You are bursting with excitement because you are finally a real doctor. You are also terrified because you are suddenly a real doctor. Here are some guesses of the other emotions you might be feeling in varying and complex waves: Proud (of what you've accomplished). Relieved (by the hard work that is finally behind you). Dread (of the hard work that is before you). Inflated (your ego, that is, because of all you know). Ashamed (of knowing so little). Jealous (of fellow interns who you are sure know more than you do). Intimidated (by real doctors). Scared (that becoming a real doctor is hard). Scared (Will I harm a patient?). Scared (Will I get sued?). Scared (Will I deserve it?). Scared (Will I ever forgive myself if I make a mistake?). Scared (that you'll be discovered for the impostor you believe yourself to be). We know these emotions well. Decades after beginning our own internships, we still experience each of them regularly. These mixed emotions are understandable and appropriate, and they can even help navigate the ups and downs of our profession. The ups are awesome. The downs are awful. But they're manageable if we pay attention, are honest with ourselves, and reach for support when we need it. The challenges of residency training are formidable: juggling a dizzying array of pathophysiology; understanding an ever-growing spectrum of pharmacologic effects and interactions; struggling to orchestrate a cacophony of diagnostic, therapeutic, and social services for complex patients, many with significant social determinants of health in play; and achieving good outcomes for your patients and meeting measures for your hospital that help to keep the doors open. All of this while worrying that your lack of experience will allow a missed symptom, sign, or clue to harm a patient when a more experienced physician would have recognized it and responded at once. It is more than enough to make smart, dedicated people feel inadequate. Add to that a professional culture that extolls not only intellectual brilliance but imperturbability in the face of adversity. This can be the perfect formula to turn feelings of inadequacy and exhaustion into self-loathing and despair (3, 4). The long hours may make it difficult to find time to draw on the support of friends and family, adding to a sense of isolation. Although you might think so, you won't be alone. Others will be quietly suffering as well. We all experience these emotions to varying degrees not only during training but throughout our careers. Challenges come not only from within ourselves but from external forces as well. Ever-increasing administrative burdens, productivity expectations, and a highly dysfunctional health care system will at times seem insurmountable (57). An alarming number of physicians experience depression and some attempt or complete suicide (8, 9). It is time to change the culture in medicine because suffering in silence is dangerous. Ask for help. The help is in the community surrounding us. Don't pretend to yourselves or others that you're not anxious about what you don't know or that you don't need the support of colleagues. It is dangerous to our patients and feeds a vicious cycle that magnifies feelings of inadequacy and despair. Ask for help. Lean on colleagues and their strengths, and pay it back by being there in their times of need. Also, draw inspiration from patients and their strengths as they do from us and ours. We must accept that we cannot know it all, that we need breaks and support throughout our careers, and that we are not invincible. These mindsets and practices will nurture the resiliency we need throughout our professional lives to help focus on the rewards of a challenging profession, rather than on the challenges themselves. So, now you're asking yourself, I've worked all these hours, gone into this much debt, lost this much sleepfor what? To lose more sleep, work more long hours in an often dysfunctional system, doubt myself and my abilities? And to make how much? Well, here is how much you'll make: You'll make your patients feel better. You'll make them live longer. You'll help to improve their quality of life. And when you cannot, you'll help them to make decisions that will give them and their loved ones peace of mind. You'll help them to see that they can have control in the face of diseases that cannot be controlled. You'll make your medical students see their potential. You'll make your interns proud of how much they know while teaching them what they don't. You'll make your colleagues feel good when they help you think through a difficult clinical problem. You'll make them feel valuable when they help you through your tough times, just as you have felt when helping them. And you'll constantly be in wonder as science advances and enables health outcomes better than yet imagined. Welcome to medicine! It's a wonderful place to be. You are beginning a career that demands and rewards you with continuous learning and the pursuit of excellence. These very demands are our strengths and bring joy to medicineif we are able to admit to ourselves that they are challenges to which we may not rise flawlessly and without help. Your arrival as our new colleague reminds us, as it does every year, of the rewards of being a doctor. It motivates us to do the best we can for our patients, our colleagues, and ourselves. Wear your white coat proudly, and please reach for help when it gets heavy.


On a compact Riemannian manifold with boundary, the absolute and relative cohomology groups appear as certain subspaces of harmonic forms. This paper solves the inverse problem of recovering the relative positions of these subspaces from the Cauchy data for differential forms. This solution is also exploited to partially resolve a question of Belishev and Sharafutdinov about whether the Cauchy data for differential forms determine the cup product structure on a manifold with boundary.


The importance of utilizing the advantages of embodiment in presentation has often been pointed out. In recent years, because of the increase in the size of screens and displays, the realization of a large-surface presentation by arranging many screens and displays on the wall of a room is expected. In this study, we precisely analyzed pointing motions by introducing a joint model and in freestyle movement. First, we introduced a joint model and proposed a new model for the calculation of a joint center. Next, we calculated the joint centers of a shoulder, an elbow, and a wrist. Then, we performed a pointing experiment in front of a large-surface and analyzed the pointing motions.


The transmission properties of single‐heterostructure GaAs‐AlxGa1−xAs rib waveguides (RWG) clad with thin anodized oxides (0–200 A) covered by gold (MOS structures) are investigated both theoretically and experimentally. Efficient polarizers having extinction ratios of 35 dB and insertion losses <1 dB can be achieved with short (250 μm) polarizing sections. Details of attenuation characteristics depend on the dielectric constants and can be used to investigate the dielectric interface properties of MOS structure.


A full three-dimensional non-steady numerical simulation method was employed to solve the parameters of the flow field of a small-sized fan under the condition of a square-wave type total-pressure distortion at the inlet single-distortion zone.The effect of the total-pressure distortion on the parameters of the flow field of the fan has been analyzed in detail.Moreover,from the standpoint of amplitude and frequency analysis discussed are the phenomena of attenuation of total-pressure distortion via the fan and the interference between stator blades and moving ones.The calculation and analysis results indicate that the method under discussion can clearly depict the distribution of flow field parameters along the circumferential direction.The total-pressure distortion at the inlet along the circumferential direction may cause a redistribution of the inlet parameters,resulting in a marked circumferential lateral-flow at the boundary of high and low pressure areas and triggering a total-temperature distortion,which took place simultaneously with an attenuation via the fan.In addition,when the distortion degree at the inlet is identical,with an increasing distortion angle,the distortion disturbance and the interference between stator blades and moving ones will undergo a marked intensification.


This paper introduces an integrated run-to-run (R2R) multiple-input single-output control framework for semiconductor manufacturing processes. The controller, termed a ridge-optimizing quality controller (ROQC), can act as a recipe regulator between batches of silicon wafers during fabrication steps provided the equipment mechanism can be adequately represented by a quadratic polynomial of critical process factors, coupled with a dynamic process drifting that models equipment ageing. In each run, the process parameters in the underlying model are updated on-line using the recursive least squares method whenever the most recent controlled output is available, and subsequently a global optimization algorithm developed is employed to locate the optimum set-points inside the acceptability region of controllable factors for the execution of next run. The main components of ROQC are shown and its control performance is presented. Typical applications of R2R control to Chemical Mechanical Planarization in semiconductor manufacturing are demonstrated through simulated processes founded on the real equipment models to illustrate the proposed controller. It reveals from the experimental results that ROQC can provide suitable control actions albeit the process exhibits complicated, non-linear interaction behaviour between adjustable recipe variables. An original posterior filter termed 'predictor corrector' is augmented in ROQC enabling one to compensate for the disturbances of deterministic drift, first-order moving average MA(1), integrated first-order moving average IMA(1, 1) and abrupt mean shift that have frequently been found to occur in common control practice.


The paper presents a concrete application of the Safe Mediation Space methodology. The engagement of the Federal Department of Foreign Affairs (Switzerland) and its partner, the Cordoba Peace Institute was based on the analysis that tensions between so called "Islamists" and "Secularists" are obstacles to inclusive and peaceful societies in the North African region. At the intersection of religion and politics, the status, role and condition of women is seen an incubator of tensions in society. These tensions have two direct consequences: they represent an obstacle to the advancement of women's status and condition and further hinder the constructive cooperation between actors with different references. The specific conflict transformation methodology helped to bring people together representing influential currents for a dialogue that would enable them to engage jointly in concrete initiatives for the benefit of addressing women's issues.


The essay aims at historically analysing Hans Kelsen's theory of parliamentary democracy as it was developed between 1920 and 1932. I will seek to show how Kelsen elaborated a discourse on democracy which identified representative system, guarantees of civil and political rights, protection of minorities, dialectical relationship between majority and minority within the legislative body, political compromises, party pluralism and relativism as the key elements of that particular system. Unlike the two prevailing interpretative approaches to Kelsen's political thought (i.e. Political philosophy and Philosophy of Law), I will adopt the perspective of the History of Political Thought, which means that I will investigate Hans Kelsen's interpretation of the essence and value of democracy in relation to the concrete historical and political dimension he referred to. In doing so, I will seek to emphasize how Kelsen's main political works of that time are conceptually oriented against specific political targets and how, ideologically speaking, his theory of democracy has a liberal connotation. More precisely, I will argue how the first edition of Essence and Value of Democracy and Sociology of Democracy share a clear critique of Lenin, Bolshevism and the Soviet system, whereas the second edition seems to be more strongly oriented against the emergence of Fascism and those anti-democratic forces wanting —in his country (Austria) and also out of it— to eliminate the representative political system. In both cases, my objective is to argue that Kelsen's democratic theory should be situated within the historical-political context characterizing post-WWI Europe.


Modern ideologies of "good mothering" demand the resources and family configurations primarily available to privileged mothers, and mothers with disabilities are among those women who have been regarded as unsuitable for the responsibilities demanded of mothers in advanced industrial societies. Although less often explored than dynamics of race and class, mothers with disabilities are among those women who have been regarded as unsuitable for the responsibilities demanded of mothers in advanced industrial societies. Through interviews and focus groups conducted with mothers who have sensory and/or physical disabilities, we examine how women with disabilities interpret their identities as mothers in relation to modern ideals of good mothering. We find that motherhood offered some participants a path to feminine legitimacy often denied women with disabilities. Yet, because they are simultaneously regarded as less-than-ideal mothers, participants engaged in interpretive strategies including upholding and expanding dominant standards of good mothering, as well as reframing and rejecting elements of this mothering logic. We also find that, like women of color, these mothers engaged in culturework, performing identity work to strengthen their children's social justice perspectives on disability and other forms of inequality.


Objective To research the effective treatments of subclavian vascular injuries.?Methods The clinical data of 15 cases of subclavian vascular injury were analysed retrospectively.?There were 6 cases treated by direct suture,3 cases by artificial vascular prosthesis graft,2 cases by autogenous saphaneous vein graft and 1 case by end to end anastomosis.?Ther cause of injury,classifications and complications were analyzed.?Results Extremities survived and got good function in 12 cases.?Incomplete recovery of the brachial nerve was abserved in 2 cases.?After subclavian vessels reconstruction,clear pulses was observed in radial arteries.?There was no visible tumefaction of extrimities after repair of injured the veins when examined at the time of follow up.?Three cases died in this group.?Conclusion For subclavian vascular injuries,most important thing was correct diagnosis,quick hemostasis and proper treatment.?The management such as direct suture,artificial vascular prosthesis graft,autogenous saphaneous vein graft and end to end anastomosis should be selected according to the type of vascular injuries.?To improve the therapeutic effectiveness,we should select the proper exposure approach,conform to the microsurgical techniques strictly.


BERNADOVIČOVÁ, S. 2008. Importance of Cytospora damage in relation to health state of birch trees in urban greenery – demonstrated by example of the Nitra town. Folia oecol., 35: 1–8. Over the years 2005–2007, the health state of Betula species in urban environment of Slovakia was evaluated with prime emphasis on occurrence and harmfulness of Cytospora betulicola Fautr. on example of the Nitra town. Damage degree to selected birch trees in five different greenery types of usage/location (street plantings, plantings in residential areas – neighbourhood plantings, main-roadside plantings, park plantings, special-purpose greenery) was determined in relation to incidence of the Cytospora fungus, wood destroying fungi and unknown factors. The one-way ANOVA did not confirm generally a significant influence of greenery type of usage/location on the damage degree of birch trees. Significant differences in the damage degree values were confirmed between some greenery types by using t-test. Cytospora fungus and wood destroying fungi significantly influenced birch health state decrease. Results of multifactorial variance analysis have confirmed a significant influence of two factors, Cytospora betulicola and wood destroying fungi on increase of damage degree.


Finger tip pain is one of the complications associated with surgery for constriction band syndrome, although there have been only a few reports concerning such post-operative complications (Foulkes and Reinker, 1994; Moran et al., 2007; Kawamura and Chung, 2009). We reviewed the medical records of patients treated for constriction band syndrome in our hospital, including preand post-operative findings, and radiographs to investigate the relationship between pre-operative findings and post-operative finger tip pain. The study was approved by the institutional review board of our university hospital. We reviewed 74 fingers of 24 hands from 15 patients (11 male and four female, nine cases were bilateral) with congenital constriction band syndrome. The affected fingers were the index in 18, the middle in 19, the ring in 25, and the little in 12. The average age of the patients at operation was 10 (range, 0–27) months. The operations were performed by two senior hand surgeons. The average duration of the post-operative followup was 6.3 (range, 5–8) years. Fisher's exact probability tests were used to determine the significance of observed differences. A p value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The pre-operative findings for the affected digits included the presence of a constriction band in 20, lymphoedema in 10, acrosyndactyly in 31, amputation in 43, and syndactyly at the finger base in 42. Based on pre-operative radiographs we classified the shapes of © The Author(s) 2011 Reprints and permissions: sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav doi: 10.1177/1753193411433229 available online at http://jhs.sagepub.com


To assess the association between hypodontia and skeletal malocclusions in orthodontic patients. This cross-sectional study comprised of orthodontic records of 40 hypodontic patients (12 males and 28 females) and 120 non hypodontic patients (58 males and 62 females) as control group matched for gender and age with the study sample who came to the orthodontic department for their treatment were selected. Orthopantamograms were evaluated for hypodontia, whereas lateral cephalogram were traced to determine the cephalometric parameters. The association between different classes of skeletal malocclusion and hypodontia was determined using Pearson's Chi-square test and the cephalometric parameters between patients with hypodontia and without hypodontia (controls) were assessed using Student's t-test. In hypodontic group, 19 (47.5%) patients had skeletal class II, 18 (45%) patients had skeletal class I, and only 3 (7.5%) patients had skeletal class III malocclusions. Whereas in non-hypodontic group (control group), 86 (53.75%) patients had skeletal class II, 63 (39.38%) patients had skeletal class I, and 11 (6.87%) patients had skeletal class III malocclusions. There was no statistical difference between hypodontia and different skeletal classes of malocclusions ( p = .654). Cephalometric parameters between the control group and hypodontic group did not reveal any significant difference ( p > .05). This study did not find any association between different classes of skeletal malocclusions and hypodontia. The cephalometric skeletal parameters were not significantly different in hypodontic and control group. It is suggested that the patients having hypodontia will be evaluated on an individual basis for their treatment.


I. INTRODUCTION. 1. GIS Early Years and the Threads of Evolution, Timothy W. Foresman. II. REFLECTIONS ON THE STARTING POINTS. 2. The Canada Geographic Information Systems, Roger Tomlinson. 3. Academic Origins of GIS, Nicholas R. Chrisman. III. ADVANCES IN DATA STRUCTURES AND COMPUTING ENVIRONMENTS. 4. Topology and TIGER: The Census Bureau's Contribution, Donald F. Cooke. 5. Raster Based GIS, Nickolas Faust. 6. Investments in Personal Computing, Lawrie E. Jordan, III and Bruce Q. Rado. IV. APPLICATIONS SECTOR PERSPECTIVES. 7. Land Information Systems: Development of Multipurpose Parcel-Based Systems, D. David Moyer and Bernard J. Niemann, Jr. 8. AM/FM Entry: 25-Year History, Keith McDaniel, Chuck D. Howard, and Hank Emery. 9. Remote Sensing and GIS in Agriculture and Forestry-The Early Years, Roger Hoffer. V. NATIONAL AGENCY DEVELOPMENT. 10. Development of Remote Sensing Digital Image Processing and Raster GIS, John E. Estes and John R. Jensen. 11. GIS Development in the Department of Interior, David Greenlee and Stephen C. Guptill. 12. GIS Technology Takes Root in the Department of Defense, William Goran. 13. A Quarter Century of GIS at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Jerome E. Dobson and Richard C. Durfee. 14. State and Local Government GIS Initiatives, Lisa Warnecke. VI. INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCES. 15. The Incubation of GIS in Europe, David Rhind. 16. The Development of GIS in Australia: From Infancy Towards Maturity, Barry J. Garner and John F. O'Callaghan. 17. Canada Today, David Forrest. 18. International Applications of GIS, Wayne Mooneyhan. VII. REFLECTIONS. 19. What Next? Reflections from the Middle of the Growth Curve, Michael Goodchild. Index.


INTRODUCTION
Sarcopenia is associated with a higher risk of adverse outcomes among hospitalized patients with chronic diseases. Currently, an unmet need lies in its low diagnostic yield. We conducted a pilot study with the aim to screen hospitalized patients for sarcopenia using the EWGSOP2 criteria.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
A cross-sectional study among hospitalized patients in internal medicine was carried out, inclusion criteria: age>55, ability to stand-up from a chair.

EXCLUSION CRITERIA
bed-bound, terminal stages of the disease, ICU stay. We measured hand-grip strength, fat-free mass by bioimpedance and short physical performance battery test (SPPB). Sarcopenia was diagnosed in low hand-grip strength and low muscle mass (EWGSOP2), severe sarcopenia in sarcopenic patients with low physical performance (SPPBT≤8).

RESULTS
40 patients were enrolled, sarcopenia was diagnosed in 8/20 (40%) men and 3/20 (15%) women (p=0.15), severe sarcopenia in 6/20 men (30%) and 2/20 (10%) women (p=0.24). 65% of men and 40% of women had SPPBT≤8, and 60% of men and 55% of women had gait speed≤0.8m/s.

CONCLUSION
Among hospitalized internal medicine patients sarcopenia and severe sarcopenia are common, particularly in males. New diagnostic criteria provide a relatively simple and applicable tool for screening among internal medicine inpatients (Tab. 3, Ref. 25).


In the early 1922,Maring advised to CCP that CP should join into KMT.This advance caused a big difference between him and CCP.One hand their analysis of the kind of Chinese revolution and the character of KMT was disagree,on the other hand,namely the more important aspect of their difference,was they disagreed with each other with to the purpose why CCP take part in KMT.CCP considered that it was a strategy of disintegrating KMT by absorbing more workers from KMT into CP,and building a crowd of CP's organization.Maring thought his plan was CCP should take part into KMT and to go to influence and transfer KMT's policy from its inner by annunciation.His purpose was to assure KMT becoming a party that could afford the national revolution. At last,CCP was quitted its thought and turned to agree with Maring's plan by Maring's force.But this plan that the centrer was becoming KMT's policy had been failed because of Sun Yat-sen's resistance.Maring was forced to have returned to Russia.


Total and elastic cross sections were obtained for the I= 3/2 K/sup -/ pi /sup system as a function of K/sup -/ pi -/ mass by performing a one-pion- exchange analysis on K/sup -/p interactions at 5.25 GeV/c; the results indicate that the interaction becomes rapidly inelastic with increasing K/sup -/ pi /sup -/ mass. The differential elastic cross sections were also examined, and the data compared with an amplitude containing a Veneziano plus a diffraction term. Good overall agreement was achieved. (auth)


The analysis of the response of dense plasma to electromagnetic waves of moderate intensity can be used as a tool to investigate the validity of the physical models describing the behavior of matter under extreme conditions. Within this work, the new experimental data on oblique incidence of polarized electromagnetic wave are presented. The plasma composition was calculated within a chemical picture and the integration of Maxwell equations to construct the spatial profile of the density of charge carriers of plasma was based on an interpolation formula for dc conductivity.


Brief Contents 1. Theories of Communication 2. The Communications Mix 3. Print Media Advertising 4. Active media, TV, radio and cinema 5. Outdoor advertising 6. Public relations and corporate image 7. Branding, packaging and merchandising 8. Managing exhibitions and trade events 9. Direct and database marketing 10.Sales promotion 11. Personal selling and sales management 12. Twenty-first century marketing communications


Intracranial hematoma and intracranial hypertension are common after severe head injury. Then cran-iotomy is needed to perform in time. Among the operational approaches, pterional craniotomy for its advantage to expose the skull base and saddle area is usually selected, however, inappropriate dissection of the temporal muscle often induce postoperationive muscle atrophy, and mouth opening limited. This article reviews the postoperationive pseudoankylosis after severe head injury.


Shulan city wastewater treatment plant of the disposal capacity of 2×104m3/d wastewater by intermittent biological sequencing batch reactor(CAST) process,is designed,which is hading 2.6 ×104m2 land area nearby the Xilin river.The CAST process uses a group of four grid reactors,running a cycle of 6 hours and each cycle can be divided in to four conditions,include water,aeration,sedimentation and decanter.The process can be intermittent operated in chronological order,not only adjusted the cycle and the aeration time according to the temporary water quality and quantity,but also controlled the sludge discharge amount by adjusting the sludge discharge time.This paper presented a design plan of the plant aimed at design parameters,layout and operational features of the various processing units.


This study aims to determine how public perceptions are and the factors that influence community perceptions in the service of obtaining birth certificates and death certificates at the Department of Population and Civil Registry of West Aceh Regency. The method used in this research is quantitative with data sources from 81 respondents who administer birth certificates and death certificates directly at Disdukcapil and the analysis technique used is correlation testing. The results of the study were carried out by testing the correlation between perceptual indicators and service indicators, it was known from the 9 tested service indicators, which obtained a correlation only on education indicators with personal service indicators which had test results of -0.270> 0.181 with a sig value of 0.015 and other supporting attributes. with age has a test result of 0.211> 0.181 with a sig value of 0.059. Disdukcapil in community service is good, provides comfort for the community, services are quite friendly and polite in providing, officers are responsible for receiving and solving problems from the community, getting convenience in administering birth and death certificates. So that it can be said that the factors that influence the service for obtaining birth certificates and death certificates are education for personal services and age for other supporting attributes.


1 The effects of the selective inhibitors of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase type IV (rolipram) and type III (siguazodan) and their interactions with isoprenaline and sodium nitroprusside have been studied in the human isolated bronchus. 2 On bronchi under resting tone rolipram was, in terms of potency (pD2 = 7.77 ± 0.14, n = 8), very similar to isoprenaline (pD2 = 7.31 ± 0.12, n = 12) and salbutamol (pD2 = 7.12 ± 0.17, n = 10) and approximately 10 fold more potent than siguazodan (pD2 = 6.80 ± 0.12, n = 6). In terms of efficacy (Emax, expressed as percentage of maximal effect induced by theophylline 3 mm), both rolipram and siguazodan were less efficient (Emax = 74 ± 6.7%, n = 8 and 66 ± 7.5%, n = 6, respectively) than isoprenaline (Emax = 98 ± 0.4%, n = 12) and salbutamol (Emax = 83 ± 2.4%, n = 10). 3 During precontraction induced by methacholine (3 × 10−7 m) or acetylcholine (10−3 m), concentration‐response curves to rolipram and siguazodan were shifted to the right and maximal effects reduced. Rolipram was more potent than siguazodan and, in terms of efficacy, it was less active. 4 Rolipram 10−8 and 10−7 m but not siguazodan potentiated the effects of isoprenaline as shown by the shift to the left of the concentration‐response curve to isoprenaline. Sodium nitroprusside‐induced relaxation was not modified by either drug. 5 These results show that rolipram is a potent relaxant of the human isolated bronchus, potentiating the effects of β‐adrenoceptor stimulation and suggest that, as previously demonstrated in other species (guinea‐pig, cow) (Tomkinson et al., 1993), there may be a connection between the β2‐adrenoceptor subtype, which predominate in human airway smooth muscle, and the cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase type IV.


The present invention relates to the use of amphoteric ion exchanger for the adsorption of oxo anions, preferred is the use of iron oxide / iron oxyhydroxide-containing amphoteric ion exchangers for the removal of oxo anions from water and aqueous solutions, and the preparation of these amphoteric iron oxide / iron oxyhydroxide-containing ion exchangers.


According to the require of data Acquisition and data Processor in the strap-down inertial navigation system,this paper presents a new hardware scheme of navigation computer system that uses high performance DSP as core and FPGA as mainly external I/O interface.This paper also presents the design of I/F conversion circuit.The hardware architecture chart of the each circuit and the characteristic,the choice and the application of the chips are offered. Each function and working process of FPGA and DSP was given from hardware aspect on this paper.This scheme is much advantaged to miniaturize the inertial navigation system in the military and technical field so as to reduce the system cost and size.


Concerning the reception of Kierkegaard in China, Liu Xiaofeng remarked, "Kierkegaard has remained strange to Chinese intellectuals. No has ever been observed close to him yet." This paper presents a tentative and opposite idea, based on an examination of historical facts, and an analysis which is made of cultural figures such as Lu Xun, Li Shicen and Feng Zhi.


TiO_(2)/active carbon (AC) composite was prepared by the solgel method using ethanol as the solvent. Effects of the mass fraction of water, muriatic acid and butyl titanate on the sol viscosity of TiO_(2 )were investigated. The effects of the sol viscosity, mass ratio of butyl titanate to active carbon, TiO_(2) content of the sol and heat-treatment temperature on the photoactivity of TiO_(2)/AC composites were studied. The transformation process and microstructure of TiO_(2)/AC composite were analyzed by thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and (Brunauer)EmmettTeller method. The results show that the TiO_(2)/AC composites of the best photoactivity with a specific surface area of (526.03 m~(2)/g), an anatase content of 65.38% and a grain size of 37.53 nm can be obtained, when sol viscosity, ratio of (Ti(OBu)_(4)) to AC,TiO_(2) content in the sol and heat-treatment temperature is 5 mPa·s, 0.2, 6% and 500 ℃, respectively.


Diabetes is a chronic illness that requires continuing medical attention and patient self-care management education to prevent any acute complications and reduce the risk of long-term complications. Diabetes is a huge problem and affects not only those who have the problem but families, communities and society as a whole. It is one the leading disease contributors that impaired quality of life in patient; and it is a costly health problem. Contributing factors for diabetes include behavioral, non-behavioral, social and psychological. Obesity contributes a lot


In the article the competitive positions of the Russian Federation determined by a relatively low level of the innovative activity of the economic actors in comparison with their foreign counterparts were analyzed. The theoretical model of the motivation of the entrepreneurs for the realization of the creative and innovative work was suggested. It includes the subjects, formal norms (legislation), informal rules (business culture typical of the economic community), incentives and limitations. The Volgograd region was chosen as the empirical base for the analysis of the model. Also the existing indices characterizing the innovative activity of the enterprises within the given region were studied. The contradictions arising at the functioning of the model under analysis were found. The recommendations for its improvement for the creation of the necessary conditions contributing to the growth of the competitive ability of the economy were suggested. The directions of the modernization mentioned above will create additional opportunities for the growth of the ratings positions of both a specific region and the country in the whole. Keywords—innovations, competitive ability, region, model,encouragement


The worldwide success of extracorporeal lithotripsy and shock wave treatment of some orthopedic diseases is not doubted. In the future, shock waves could also be used as a method for in vivo drug delivery and gene transfer into target cells; however, basic research is still necessary to understand shock wave interaction with biological tissue, bacteria, and cells. The destructive effects of ultrasonic waves on micro‐organisms and the reduction in renal infections after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy led to the idea of studying the effects of lithotripter shock waves on bacteria. Independent of possible applications to medicine, this could lead to a new, nonthermal food preservation method. The bactericidal effect of underwater shock waves on Escherichia coli ATCC 10536 and O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes L8, and Salmonella enterica servovar typhimurium suspensions in isotonic saline solution were studied. Shock waves of about 55 MPa were generated using an electrohydraulic generator. Results indica...


This article is a presentation of the research entitled: the development of scientific competences in public educational institutions in the Andean region of the Department of Nariño 2010-2011. Through the application of alternative teaching strategies conducted by the GIDEP group of the Faculty of Education of the University of Nariño, the purpose of the research was to establish in each of the developed scientific competencies the level of performance achieved by students in the fifth and sixth grade levels. The research presents the results obtained in each of the scientific skills along with the variation in results due to teaching strategies considered to be alternative, conditions contained in each of the strategies: the active participation of students in the construction of knowledge, taking as a starting point the questions of the inquiry and resulting in the expression of the students findings; in the same way the research points to aspects inherent in the actions of the teachers.


Archaeocyathids from the White and Inyo Mountains and Silver Peak Range of California and Nevada occur in the middle one-third (approximately 2,000 feet) of the Lower Cambrian section as defined by the olenellid biozone. Three assemblages are recognized and can be correlated throughout the region by stratigraphic position. The lowest known occurrence of an archaeocyathid, Ethmophyllum, is found approximately 1,000 feet above the lowest olenellid trilobite Fallotaspis. The upper archaeocyathid assemblage, which is characterized by Coscinocyathus, occurs approximately 3,000 feet below the uppermost olenellid fauna.


Richard Wallis (OCLC) presented at the NASIG 2014 Conference in Fort Worth, Texas, describing how linked data can make the discoverability of libraries on the web instantaneous and ubiquitous. A technology evangelist, Richard explained how we can use these ideas to make better use of our data—redefining existing cataloging workflows in order to move away from record management to an "Internet of things" that can be recognized and consumed across the web.


In this paper, the technique of foliations in characteristic $p$ is used to investigate the difference between rational connectedness and separable rational connectedness in positive characteristic. The notion of being freely rationally connected is defined; a variety is freely rationally connected if a general pair of points can be connected by a free rational curve. It is proved that a freely rationally connected variety admits a finite purely inseparable morphism to a separably rationally connected variety. As an application, a generalized Graber-Harris-Starr type theorem in positive characteristic is proved; namely, if a family of varieties over a smooth curve has the property that its geometric generic fiber is normal and freely rationally connected, then it has a rational section after some Frobenius twisting. We also show that a freely rationally connected variety is simply connected.


Additive manufacturing (AM) has recently shown great promise as a means to tailor a wide range of material properties, both quasi‐static and dynamic. An example of controlling the dynamic behavior is to tailor the chemical energy release rate in composite energetic materials such as thermites – which are a subset of pyrotechnics that use a metal fuel and a metal oxide as an oxidizer. Since these materials are most hazardous once finely mixed, the approach taken here is to formulate the fuel and oxidizer separately such that they can be mixed on‐the‐fly. Herein, the development, formulation, and characterization of two respective aqueous 3D printable inks consisting of Al and CuO are discussed. The rheological properties and ability of the material to span gaps are characterized. To demonstrate that the materials could be mixed and sustain a reaction, the inks are fed into a static mixing nozzle and extruded into a high‐aspect ratio test strip. Upon drying, the material can be ignited and sustain a propagation through the part. These results present a facile, and safe, way to AM thermite which can be used for more detailed follow on studies looking at the role of architecture on the reactivity.


The acoustic-based separation has attracted considerable attention in biomedical research, such as sorting of cells and particles. Current design principles used for acoustic systems are based on the steady Stokes theory, equating the Stokes drag with the primary radiation force. However, this approach is not valid for large cells/particles or in the presence of particle–particle interaction. In this work, we analytically examine unsteady inertial affects and particle–particle hydrodynamic interaction on the particle motion in a viscous fluid in the presence of an acoustic standing wave field. Comparing our results to the steady Stokes theory, we find that the unsteady inertial force decreases the particle's velocity, while particle–particle interaction enhances it. For a particular acoustic-based separation approach 'tilted-angle standing surface acoustic waves (taSSAW)', we find that both effects of unsteady inertial force and particle–particle interaction are evident and should be considered for m) particles or larger. Our study improves the current predictions of particle trajectory in acoustic-based separation devices.