Little has been published regarding presenting symptoms, investigations and outcomes for patients with pancreatic cancer in Australia. Data from a series of patients undergoing attempted resection in Queensland, Australia, are presented with the aim of assisting development of consistent strategies in disease management.


Responding to the need for better evidencebased policy making, the UK Office of Deputy Prime Minister (ODPM) has established four major research networks to provide links to the research community beyond government in order to help identify research priorities and contribute to the development of research capacity. The networks all have external coordinators who, together with the ODPM, will be responsible for bringing together key researchers in academia, other research organisations and research sponsors. The four networks cover:


Supplemental material, DS_10.1177_0022034520906384 for Topical Fluoride to Prevent Root Caries: Systematic Review with Network Meta-analysis by J. Zhang, D. Sardana, K.Y. Li, K.C.M. Leung and E.C.M. Lo in Journal of Dental Research


BDDM iv 3~6 mg/kg showed effects against aconitine induced arrhythmias in rats (p0.05) and decreased the incidence of adrenaline-chloroform induced arrhythmias significantly in rabbits. The dose of ouabain necessary to induce ventricular premature beats, ventricular tachycardia and cardiac arrest in guinea pigs was markedly increased by prior administration of BDDM. When treated with BDDM the BaCl_2-induced arrhythmias in rats changed immediately into sinus rhythm and lasted more than 7 min. The incidence of ventricular premature beats and ventricular tachycardia yielded by left coronary ligation in rats reduced significantly by iv BDDM 6 mg/kg. BDDM produced a bradycardia, but did not block the isoprenaline-induced tachycardia.


The compound 9-oxo-2-phenoxy- l,3,8,10-tetraaz a2A 5 - phosphatricyclo [ 8.4.0.03, 8 ] tetradecane 2- sulfide, C15H21N4OzPS, was synthesized from bis(hexahydropyridazido)thiophosphoric acid O-phenyl ester and bis(trichloromethyl)carbonate trisphosgene in the presence of triethylamine. The molecular structure of the tficyclic system consists of a central six-membered ring with a twist conformation, the two anellated hexahydropyridazine tings revealing 'normal' chair conformations. Bond distances are N--N 1.429 (3) and 1.420 (3), P--N 1.647 (2) and 1.663 (2), and P--S 1.913 (1) A.


This article seeks to analyze the discourse around the creation of new provinces in Pakistan. The demand for carving out new federating units is a popular and long-standing proposal in some areas of the country with a long history of ethnic sub-nationalism fuelled by the real and imagined sense of political alienation and economic deprivation. This demand has been raised from time to time based on the distribution of national resources, and on ethnic grounds, and sometimes on the basis of socio-economic backwardness of the relevant areas. The demand for a 'Saraiki Province', 'Bahawalpur Province', 'Hazara Province are some major cases. This case study will focus on the different factors, including, most importantly, the constitutional setup and role of different political parties of Pakistan in the making of new provinces. The Following three basic questions are the major concerns of the rigorous academic endeavour taken up in the paper. First, what has been the basis of demands for the creation of new provinces in Pakistan? Second, what are the main hurdles in making new provinces in Pakistan and what urged the re-demarcation of state in Pakistan? Third, what has been the stance of various political Parties about the creation of new provinces in Pakistan?


The Farmers1 Alliance was one of the most important agricultural organizations in late nineteenth century America. This thesis traces the history of the Alliance movement in Saunders County, Nebraska, where it was one of the strongest in the state between 1889 and 1892. In addition, it examines the emergence of third party Populist politics, as they relate to this farm organization. Saunders County, located in eastern Nebraska, developed a strong Alliance movement culture, that included cooperative ventures, an educational program and social activities. Several producer and consumer cooperative ventures were started by members after they joined the organization. In some cases, these cooperatives lasted well into the contemporary era. The Alliance encouraged women's participation in a way that was unlike other agricultural organizations before it. Alliance-sponsored Oyster dinners, picnics, and parades enhanced social interaction among farmers who lived in sparsely populated areas of the county. Political education, which was promoted through the dispersal of reform literature, debates, and discussion, proved central to politicizing Alliance members. The County Alliance also collaborated with the Knights of Labor in Wahoo to pursue common political and social objectives. The organization's movement culture created an Alliance experience, which altered the political consciousness of its members. As a result, Saunders County became a leading center of Populist activity in Nebraska throughout the 1890s. Coinciding with this development, however, was the decline of the Alliance itself, as many of its members left the organization for the new political movement. This thesis is dedicated to the memory of my grandfather, John Henry Sautter. . . . Soldier, high school FFA teacher, soil conservationist, community builder, husband, father and grandfather. He chased the American dream, but seemed to have found something better in the Sandhills of Nebraska. I would have liked to have shared this piece of Nebraska history with him.


PURPOSE
To introduce an outliers-recognition fitting routine for film dosimetry. It cannot only be flexible with any linear and non-linear regression but also can provide information for the minimal number of sampling points, critical sampling distributions and evaluating analytical functions for absolute film-dose calibration.

METHODS
The technique, leave-one-out (LOO) cross validation, is often used for statistical analyses on model performance. We used LOO analyses with perturbed bootstrap fitting called leave-one-out perturbation (LOOP) for film-dose calibration . Given a threshold, the LOO process detects unfit points ("outliers") compared to other cohorts, and a bootstrap fitting process follows to seek any possibilities of using perturbations for further improvement. After that outliers were reconfirmed by a traditional t-test statistics and eliminated, then another LOOP feedback resulted in the final. An over-sampled film-dose- calibration dataset was collected as a reference (dose range: 0-800cGy), and various simulated conditions for outliers and sampling distributions were derived from the reference. Comparisons over the various conditions were made, and the performance of fitting functions, polynomial and rational functions, were evaluated.

RESULTS
(1) LOOP can prove its sensitive outlier-recognition by its statistical correlation to an exceptional better goodness-of-fit as outliers being left-out. (2) With sufficient statistical information, the LOOP can correct outliers under some low-sampling conditions that other "robust fits", e.g. Least Absolute Residuals, cannot. (3) Complete cross-validated analyses of LOOP indicate that the function of rational type demonstrates a much superior performance compared to the polynomial. Even with 5 data points including one outlier, using LOOP with rational function can restore more than a 95% value back to its reference values, while the polynomial fitting completely failed under the same conditions.

CONCLUSION
LOOP can cooperate with any fitting routine functioning as a "robust fit". In addition, it can be set as a benchmark for film-dose calibration fitting performance.


This paper proves that if a discrete distribution is infinitely divisible (ID) with integer-valued components, then it has a mass at the origin, which also implies why certain ID discrete laws do not have gaps in its support. We argue that discrete laws also can be stable and such laws do have domain of attraction. Then we give certain recent developments and references not reported in the Bose Dasgupta Rubin (2002) review in Sankhya, and some examples in the topics; infinite divisibility and stability of discrete laws, random infinite divisibility, operator stable laws, class-L laws, Goldie-Steutel result, max-infinite divisibility and stability, simulation, alternate stable laws, applications and free probability theory.


DNA sequence data enable not only the inference of evolutionary relationships and population histories but also represent a powerful tool for uncovering hidden biodiversity, an approach that has become known as "DNA taxonomy" (Dalebout eta/. 2002, Meegasku.mhura.eta/. 2002, Hebert eta/. 2004). The application of DNA taxonomy to beaked whales (Ziphiidae), the least known of all cetacean families, has led to some significant discoveries in recent years. These include the description of a new species from the North Pacific {Mesop/odon perrini; Dalebout et a/. 2002), the


This research examines the influence of microfinance services on the socioeconomic performance of Malaysian B40 households, which are considered vulnerable communities in Malaysia. Mainly, it explores the mediating role of entrepreneurial competencies and financial management practices in the relationship of microfinance services with households' economic well-being, entrepreneurial success, and social wellbeing. Likewise, this research also examines the moderating role of microfinance institutions' service efficiency in the success of microfinance services to improve households' socioeconomic outcomes. The responses were collected from the participants of Amanah Ikhtiar Malaysia, the largest microfinance institution serving the low-income population of Malaysia. Employing the structural equation modelling approach, results show that microfinance financial services and non-financial services positively influence households' socioeconomic performance through entrepreneurial competencies and financial management practices. On the other hand, microfinance financial services are also found to have significant direct influence on households' socioeconomic performance. Further, results also indicate that microfinance institutions' service efficiency positively moderates the influence of financial services to improve households' socioeconomic performance. This is novel research that introduces human capital development as an underlying mechanism in the household economic portfolio model, suggesting that microfinance interventions develop human capabilities among their participants, which further assist them in the efficient management of financial and business affairs, thus, improving socioeconomic outcomes.


ABSTRACT The aim of the present study was to assess the concentration of the trace elements Al, As, Cd, Ba, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Mn, Fe and Zn in 150 commercial soft drinks marketed of Iran, using inductive couple plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The data obtained were compared with the permissible limit set for drinking water by the Codex Alimantarius (CA), United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization (FAO/WHO) and National Standard of Iran (NSI). The highest mean level was 84.11 ± 27.06 μg/L is related to Fe and the lowest was <detection limit to As and Hg. The concentrations of Pb, Ni, Cr, Cu, Ba, Hg, Cd and As in samples were lower than the limit set by USEPA, FAO/WHO, CA and NSI. In contrast, the concentrations of Fe, Al, Mn and Zn soft drink samples were higher than the limit set by USEPA, FAO/WHO, CA and NSI. Monte Carlo simulation results indicated that the trend of potential non-carcinogenic risks in all samples was Cd > Cr > Pb > Ni > Al > Ba. Target hazard quotient index of toxic elements, for adults and children, was considerably lower than the safe risk limits THQ > 1.


Objective To study the influence of-6° head-down bed rest(HDBR) on inhibition function of female subjects.Methods The subjects were separated into 2 groups:the experiment group with HDBR and the control group without it.Changes of inhibition function were tested by numerical Stroop task on 5 days before HDBR,during HDBR(5th,10th) and after HDBR(5th day) and the emotional changes of depression and anxiety were recorded by BAI and BDI at the same time.Results Inhibition function was remarkably impaired on the 5th day of HDBR and then recovered to the level of pre-HDBR on the 10th day of HDBR.After HDBR,we also found no differences on the promotion of inhibition function between HDBR group and control.Moreover,for HDBR group,the analysis of BAI showed the similar trend of changing from impairment to recovery,although their emotions of anxiety and depression were at normal level.Conclusion We have found obvious dynamic effects of HDBR on inhibition function of female subjects,which is from impairment to recovery.


When silicon nitride was joined to itself with aluminum braze, pre-heat treatment of silicon nitride before joining at 1073 and 1223 K in air and in vacuum had two remarkable benefits on the properties of the joints. One was that the silica or silicate layer formed on the surface improved the joint strength by promoting the wettability of molten aluminum to silicon nitride, and the other was that the damaged surface layer introduced by surface grinding was removed. The strength of the joints was sensitive to the presence of water. Also the interface was severely attacked by stress corrosion.


The problem of quasi-static crack propagation in a three-point bend specimen containing an initial crack that is parallel to and offset from a bimaterial interface is considered. An approximate dislocation-based fracture model is used to identify conditions under which such cracks are attracted to or repelled by the interface. Possible configurations (material/geometry) where such subinterfacial cracks experience pure mode I conditions are determined. Experimental results are presented showing quasi-static crack propagation of subinterfacial cracks for three regimes: (attractive) into the interface; (repulsive) away from the interface; as well as (equilibrium) parallel to the interface.


Machine learning is becoming more prevalent in safety-critical systems like autonomous vehicles and medical imaging. Faulty training data, where data is either misla-belled, missing, or duplicated, can increase the chance of misclassification, resulting in serious consequences. In this paper, we evaluate the resilience of ML ensembles against faulty training data, in order to understand how to build better ensembles. To support our evaluation, we develop a fault injection framework to systematically mutate training data, and introduce two diversity metrics that capture the distribution and entropy of predicted labels. Our experiments find that ensemble learning is more resilient than any individual model and that high accuracy neural networks are not necessarily more resilient to faulty training data. Further, we find that simple majority voting suffices in most cases for resilience in ML ensembles. Finally, we observe diminishing returns for resilience as we increase the number of models in an ensemble. These findings can help machine learning developers build ensembles that are both more resilient and more efficient.


Abstract In this experimental study, heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of R134a evaporating flow are investigated inside a horizontal internally grooved tube with discrete inclined grooves. The test evaporators are made of smooth and grooved copper tubes of 20 mm inner diameter. The length, width, and depth of grooves are 6, 2, and 0.5 mm, respectively, and the angle of the grooves with the tube centerline is 30°. The test conditions include mass flux in the range of 16.5 to 105 kg/m2s, vapor quality of 0.06 to 0.98, and heat flux of 3.5 to 25 kW/m2. The experiment results show that the boiling heat transfer coefficient of R134a in the grooved tube is 1.25 to 1.65 times higher than that of the smooth one. The frictional pressure drop of R134a inside the grooved tube is 10% to 60% higher than the smooth tube. Moreover, by increasing mass flux, the heat transfer coefficient, and frictional pressure drop of R134a refrigerant inside horizontal smooth and grooved tubes increase as well. In conclusion, the energy performance of R134a evaporating flow inside the grooved tube is more efficient than that in the smooth tube regarding energy saving in most experiments.


Radiation recall pneumonitis is a phenomenon in which a recall-triggering drug induces an acute inflammatory reaction in the lungs, corresponding to a previously irradiated area. Radiation recall reactions have been reported to occur following treatments with various cytotoxic anticancer agents and molecular-targeting drugs; however, only a few reports have described immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced radiation recall pneumonitis. We report a case of radiation recall pneumonitis induced by pembrolizumab in a patient with the postoperative local recurrence of non-small cell lung cancer. This case demonstrated that pembrolizumab might cause severe radiation recall pneumonitis, even after typical radiation pneumonitis has been resolved.


The spread of the oil spill from the tanker 'Prestige' was analysed in relation to the occurrence of the exceptional 2002/2003 Navidad using airborne and AVHRR satellite measurements. Altimeter-derived geostrophic velocity and Envisat ASAR observations were also used to investigate the structure of this Cantabrian extension of the poleward current around Iberia.


Abstract In recent decades, improvements in cognitive studies have given rise to opportunities for technology to become involved in decision-making processes. Autonomous machines are mainly performing support actions that avoid distracting people from their primary tasks in the workplace. Nevertheless, there are already examples of machines that make decisions of greater responsibility. The text's thesis is that technology has been empowered in organizations as a result of developments in artificial intelligence. This paper shows that both humans and technology can have autonomy in decision-making, defines techno-empowerment, and presents various examples of autonomous machines that are currently used in organizations.


Strengthening teachers' moral construction is an important task to build a team of teachers at present,in which education of the socialist outlook of honour or disgrace must be strengthened.


ABSTRACT: The present study gathered epidemiological and clinical-pathological information about cattle with compressive lesions in the central nervous system (CNS). The retrospective study included observations made in 50 cattle from 1998 to 2021 by reviewing the clinical records of animals with compressive lesions in the CNS treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the Veterinary Medicine Institute of the Federal University of Pará. The animals had clinical signs and were subjected to general and specific clinical examination of the nervous system. Blood samples were collected from 13 animals for complete blood counts, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were collected from four animals for physical evaluation. Twenty-nine cattle underwent necropsy. The most affected sites were the T3-L3 (46%, 23/50), C1-C5 (22%, 11/50), C6-T2 (14%, 7/50), sacrococcygeal vertebrae, (4%, 2/50), L4-S2 (2%, 1/50), brain (8%, 4/50) and cerebellum (4%, 2/50). The age of the affected cattle ranged from 20 days to 16 years, with a higher occurrence in animals younger than 12 months (56%, 28/50). More Females were affected (58%, 29/50) than males (42%, 21/50). The clinical signs varied according to the location of the lesion and were mainly represented by ataxia, paresis or paralysis of the limbs, inability to stand and walk, postural changes, hyperesthesia in the extremities, and loss of skin sensitivity at the location of the lesion. The necropsy findings revealed changes such as abscesses in the vertebral body; intervertebral space in the medullary canal, pituitary and cerebellum; granuloma in the arch of the vertebra; fractures of the body of the vertebrae; subarachnoid haematoma; congenital bone alteration causing spinal cord compression; and spondylitis. Detailed anamnesis and clinical examination of the CNS, associated with necropsy findings, were important to determine the cause of the disease, correlate with the clinical picture and locate the affected segments of the CNS in the cattle. It is important to include these diseases in the list of differential diagnoses in cattle with nervous symptoms.


Modern Software organizations try to use variety of methods for reducing piracy. The article discusses some brief idea about how the piracy can be reduced with the combination of embedded system and cloud computing and how to use this concept in daily life of home users to organizations.


A point of this bachelor work is to describe particular spheres of business as a source of fruitfulness of company. Common part of bachelor work is centred on theoretical display of individual concepts and indexes of financial analysis, theirs interpretation and mutual structures. In practise part of bachelor work there are common knowledges applied on factual HCR company example. The work starts with universal informations about company, its possessive structure and subject of business. Next there presented analysis of particular sources - strategy, marketing, distribution, technology, production processes and human resource management, just as they are lead by enterpriser.


Number of laboratory studies; have shown that geosynthetics reinforcement improves the performance of flexible pavement either by ex-tending the service life or by savings in base course thickness. In spite of the good laboratory evidence for the geosynthetics reinforced flexible pavement, the mechanism that enables and governs the reinforcement function is still unclear [1]. Cyclic laboratory test has been one of the ways, used for assessing/evaluating the soil-geosynthetic interaction mechanisms. In such a tests contribution of geosynthetics prop-erties, interface shear provided by geotextiles and interlocking provided by geogrids when used under or within the base course of flexible pavement are mainly concentrated. This paper reviews literature of laboratory model studies carried out by various researchers over the globe. This review indicates that, appreciable improvement due to geosynthetics reinforcement depends upon various factors viz. location of geosynthetics, geogrid aperture size, geosynthetics properties, mainly stiffness, variation of base course thickness and strength of subgrade soil. The findings of these laboratory studies are also correlated with the same nature of field studies finding.


http://adc.bmj.com/content/97/12/1048.full.html Updated information and services can be found at: These include: References http://adc.bmj.com/content/97/12/1048.full.html#related-urls Article cited in: http://adc.bmj.com/content/97/12/1048.full.html#ref-list-1 This article cites 39 articles, 7 of which can be accessed free at: service Email alerting the box at the top right corner of the online article. Receive free email alerts when new articles cite this article. Sign up in Collections Topic


We studied reciprocal hybrids of Mus musculus musculus and M. m. domesticus. These two subspecies of house mouse were found to differ in their social behaviour, the former being less aggressive than the latter. The paternal effect on aggression (observed repeatedly in laboratory mice) was not found. However, F2 generation mice were less aggressive than those from the F1 generation, and the maternal effect was also significant in a homogenous test set.


BACKGROUND
Hyperopia, or hypermetropia (also known as long-sightedness or far-sightedness), is the condition where the unaccommodating eye brings parallel light to a focus behind the retina instead of on it. Hyperopia can be corrected with both non-surgical and surgical methods, among them photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and laser assisted In situ keratomileusis (LASIK). There is uncertainty as to whether hyperopic-PRK or hyperopic-LASIK is the better method.

OBJECTIVES
The objectives of this review were to determine whether PRK or LASIK leads to more reliable, stable and safe results when correcting a hyperopic refractive error.

SEARCH METHODS
We searched CENTRAL (which contains the Cochrane Eyes and Vision Group Trials Register) (The Cochrane Library 2012, Issue 2), MEDLINE (January 1950 to February 2012), EMBASE (January 1980 to February 2012), Latin American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences (LILACS) (January 1982 to February 2012), the metaRegister of Controlled Trials (mRCT) (www.controlled-trials.com), ClinicalTrials.gov (www.clinicaltrials.gov) and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) (www.who.int/ictrp/search/en). There were no date or language restrictions in the electronic searches for trials. The electronic databases were last searched on 17 February 2012. When trials are included in the review we will search the reference lists of the studies included in the review for information about further trials. We will use the Science Citation Index to search for papers that cite any studies included in this review. We did not handsearch journals or conference proceedings specifically for this review.

SELECTION CRITERIA
We planned to include only randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing PRK against LASIK for correction of hyperopia and then perform a sensitivity analysis of pre- and post-millennial trials since this is the mid-point in the history of both PRK and LASIK.

DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
We did not identify any studies that met the inclusion criteria for this review.

MAIN RESULTS
As no studies met the inclusion criteria for this review, we discussed the results of non-randomised trials comparing hyperopic-PRK with hyperopic-LASIK.

AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
No robust, reliable conclusions could be reached, but the non-randomised trials reviewed appear to be in agreement that hyperopic-PRK and hyperopic-LASIK are of comparable efficacy. High quality, well-planned open RCTs are needed in order to obtain a robust clinical evidence base.


Onion has been classified as salt sensitive crop. Increasing the level of soil salinity over 1.2 dSm showed pronounced decrease in yield. Two field experiments carried out at Wadi El-Natron Location, Beheara Governorate, Delta Egypt during 2017 and 2018 seasons to study the effect of applying different rate of cobalt on physiological and chemical approach of onion plants under three saline soils. The seedlings (at the third truly leaf) were irrigated with six levels of cobalt (0.0, 10.0, 12.5, 15.0, 17.5 and 20 ppm). The obtained results could be summarized as follows: • All cobalt levels significantly increased the chlorophyll and proline content in onion leaves under various levels of salinity compared with control. • Cobalt rates has a positive effect on both Abscisic acid, Auxins and Gibberellins in onion leaves compared with untreated plant. • Cobalt treatments gave a significant increasing chemical constituents of bulbs compared with control. • Cobalt at 12.5ppm resulted the superior values of all studied ones under various salinity levels. • As increasing cobalt rate more than 12.5 ppm, the promotive effect was decreased. • Cobalt help onion plants to tolerate high salinity (4.35 and 5.40 dS m).


By drawing mainly on a survey of 4600 individual employees in a sample of 37 1 establishments in Bulgarian manufacturing in 1992, we provide information in the areas o f union membership and employee participation . Average union densities in manufacturing o f more than 70% indicate that individuals are committed to the new unions . The ability to choose from among competing unions is indicated by the high levels of membership in an d movement between the two principal confederations, CITUB and KT Podkrepa . Also we compare characteristics of (i) union members and non-union members ; (ii) CITUB members and KT Podkrepa members ; (iii) those who have left or switched unions with those wh o have stayed in a union . Usually we find substantial and statistically significant difference s among and between members in each of these groups . Preliminary hypotheses are offered t o explain the reasons for these differences in the scope, nature and dynamics of trade unions . On employee participation we ask both employees and managers for their perceptions of th e nature and extent of the role of employees in decision making by using a six-point scale, an d with separate responses for each year from 1989-1992 . Our findings indicate that employee s began to assert a greater measure of power after 1989 . Equally there do not seem to hav e been more than a few cases of genuine "worker self-management" and the average level o f employee participation is quite modest . Also there are potentially important discrepancies i n the views of the emerging principals in the collective bargaining arena as to who has wha t degree of power and on what issues . Policy suggestions are in the Conclusions section . Preliminary


This paper deals with the experimental characterization on a circularly polarized patch antenna incorporated with bulk ferrite material. The patch antenna is arranged on a multilayer structure whereby double layer FR-4 epoxy dielectric substrates are utilized as a host material of antenna. Meanwhile, a bulk ferrite material is incorporated into the dielectric substrate aiming to acquire and strengthen the interaction between internal magnetization of ferrite material and electromagnetic field emitted by the patch fostering circularly-polarized wave radiation. A square shape of bulk ferrite material utilized for characterization is ferrimagnetic material, namely Yttrium Iron Garnet (YIG). The experimental characterization is performed on a demagnetized condition, in which the magnetization is released only by the internal magnetic bias of incorporated ferrite material. As comparison, the performance of patch antenna with a thin slot, commonly applied to produce a circularly polarized wave, is also characterized in terms of circular polarization capability. The characterization results show that the patch antenna incorporated with bulk ferrite material is able to provide circularly polarized radiation wave with comparative performances to the reference antenna.


The theory of complex adaptive system(CAS) and its research method,called multi-agent based modeling and simulation methodology,are described.The application of StarLogo,which is a programmable modeling tool developed at the MIT media laboratory,to discrete event modeling and simulation of complex systems with heterogeneous agents,is expounded in detail.Then the basic frame and essential principle of StarLogo,and how to use StarLogo to carry out a complex system are discussed emphatically with an example Life Game.In the end,the paper briefly compares StarLogo to Swarm which is proposed by Santa Fe Institute.


Ontological theory transition in Chinese aesthetic education has gone through three stages: First,the aesthetic education in teaching-poetry has continued over 2,000 years in which Confucianism was at its core and Taoism was complementary information;Second,Chinese aesthetic education went through a zigzag road of development over the past 100 years. Last stage was its theoretical exploration in the context under the new curriculum reform in China.Throughout the three stages of development of Chinese aesthetic education,we believe that the Chinese course on aesthetic education ontology has gone through the course of the exploration and development,which shows the main concern of life,the achievements of the "Truth" and "Heart" so as to promote scientific rationale,and to focus on the life improvement.


In conventional software development, the boundary between user experience design and engineering is well defined: designers create specifications based on end-user needs, then engineers build to those specifications. However, AI application design challenges this "separation of concerns (SoC)." Our analysis of Human-Centered AI (HAI) guidelines shows that design extends beyond the user interface into the design of AI sub-components and training data, thus 'puncturing' this separation. We interviewed 21 professionals (UX researchers, AI engineers, data scientists, and managers) across 14 organizations to understand how they operationalize HAI guidelines in practice. We find that hidden information encapsulated by SoC challenges collaboration across design and engineering concerns. Practitioners describe inventing leaky abstractions—ad-hoc representations exposing low-level design and implementation details—to share information across expertise boundaries. We identify how leaky abstractions are employed to collaborate at the AI-UX boundary and formalize the process of creating and using leaky abstractions.


We have developed a microcomputer-based instrument for detecting and analyzing the acoustic frequency pulse generated upon fracture of single filaments. The current generation of instruments can determine the pulse height and width; work is underway on the next generation of equipment, which will allow further analysis of the acoustic signal and testing of a bundle of fibers. The nylon 6 (PA6) and polypropylene (PP) fibers, produced in-house with selected draw ratios and denier, are broken using stan dard tensile testing techniques; hence, the filament tensile properties of the specimens are easily compared with the characteristics of the associated acoustic pulse. The general shape of the acoustic pulse energy data distribution is skewed, such as that of a Poisson distribution; hence, we have calculated the median of the data for use in our analyses. Increasing the test gauge length increases the width of the acoustic pulse. We have found that fiber linear density has no significant direct effect on the acoustic pulse parameters. The acoustic pulse energy density (energy/unit area) correlates closely with the tensile work-to break of the fibers. There is a steeper slope to this relationship for the PP than for the PA6 fibers. From these observations, we can conclude that analyzing the acoustic pulse generated by breaking fibers provides information about the test length and, for fibers of the same polymer type, the average tensile rupture energy.


There is evidence from literature, state department of agriculture documents, and recent diagnoses that Sclerotium cepivorum, causal agent of white rot of garlic and onion, is spreading and/or becoming more established in the Pacific Northwest. Previously documented distributions are summarized and the fungus is reported for the first time from Latah Co., ID; Pend Oreille Co., WA; and Lake, Sanders, and Missoula counties, MT. Although known from a tightly quarantined prior occurrence in the Idaho portion of Treasure Valley (southwest Idaho), the pathogen has not been formally reported from that state nor from the state of Montana. Latah Co. has commercial production of seed garlic and borders adjacent Whitman Co., WA, where the National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS) maintains North America's largest non-commercial collection of garlic and wild/ornamental onion. Strict phytosanitary protocols have been implemented on the NPGS farm. Various areas within the Pacific Northwest have long been important for commercial Allium production, and a list of state departments of agriculture regulations addressing white rot is presented for Idaho, Oregon, and Washington. Introduction Sclerotium cepivorum, causal agent of white rot of Allium species, "is distributed worldwide and is increasing in prevalence" (4). The disease has long been of concern in the Pacific Northwest (8,12). As discussed below, several states and Canada regard it as a pathogen of quarantine significance. We present a synopsis of published prior occurrences and distribution in the Pacific Northwest, some recent novel records, regulations of various state departments of agriculture, and we briefly comment on various challenges and prospects for successful management. Although diagnosis of the agent via symptoms and characteristic sclerotia is relatively reliable, morphologically similar, closely related species exist, so we also present a protocol for identification via ITS sequence analysis. Synopsis of White Rot in the Pacific Northwest Sclerotium cepivorum has been formally reported on onion and garlic in Oregon and British Columbia, and on onion in Washington (6). The fungus was first confirmed as causing white rot in the United States in La Grande, Union Co., OR, in 1918 (5). It was subsequently documented in various locations in California, and by 1957-1958 had been observed in the areas of Walla Walla, WA, and Milton-Freewater and Klamath Falls, OR, with further infestations also observed in California. Benton, and Linn counties in the Willamette Valley, and Jefferson Co., OR, were later known to have infestations of white rot (5). Other 19 June 2013 Plant Health Progress older records in Oregon document white rot in Clackamas, Multnomah, Polk, Tillamook, Washington, Lane, Douglas, Jackson, Hood River, Wasco, and Baker counties; and in 2004, a diagnosis of white rot was made for a commercial grower in Marion Co., OR (M. Putnam and M. Serdani, Oregon State University Plant Clinic, personal communications). In 2008 white rot was detected in Crook Co. (17). In Washington, additional known areas of infestation are the Yakima Valley and in non-commercial situations west of the Cascades (5,13). White rot was confirmed in Benton Co., WA, in 2002 (J. Eggers, Hermiston Agricultural Research and Extension Center, personal communication). Consultation of clinic records for prior diagnoses from eastern Washington was not feasible due to closure of the diagnostic laboratory in Prosser in 2003, but records of diagnoses over the past decade in western Washington State document instances of white rot from Thurston Co. north to Skagit, Jefferson and Island counties (J. Glass, WSU Puyallup Insect and Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, personal communication). The first confirmed (but as yet not published in scientific literature) instances in Idaho date from 1986 in the Treasure Valley (5), although there is a clinic record for an instance in Idaho as early as 1973 but without designation of within-state locale (M. Putnam, personal communication). Thirty-seven incidents of the disease were indicated for Idaho statewide in 2010, but these were interceptions of imported material, not involving material produced in Idaho [(11), E. Vavricka, Idaho Department of Agriculture, personal communication]. White rot has been said to occur in home gardens in Montana (5). In British Columbia, white rot has been reported since the early1960s, with most reports concentrated in coastal British Columbia and the Okanogan and Frasier Valleys (3,7). Additional reports include West Kootenay and the Sunshine Coast (V. Joshi, British Columbia Ministry of Agriculture, personal communication). White Rot Confirmed in the Palouse Region of Northern Idaho Whitman Co., WA, plus Latah Co., ID, and parts of adjacent counties in Idaho and Washington are commonly referred to as the Palouse region, and garlic (Allium sativum) is often grown, sometimes commercially, in gardens and farms. In September 2010, a sample of diseased garlic from a home garden in Latah Co. was brought to the USDA-ARS Western Regional Plant Introduction Station (WRPIS) for diagnosis. WRPIS is a unit of the USDA-ARS National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS) in Whitman Co. Immediately adjacent to Latah Co., WRPIS maintains the largest non-commercial collection of garlic, wild garlic relatives, and wild and ornamental onion (Allium spp.) germplasm in North America, so the sample captured our attention. Strict phytosanitary protocols were immediately implemented on the NPGS farm even prior to definitive identification of the agent. The symptomatic plants brought to WRPIS were representative of plants in the home garden. The plants exhibited severe bulb and neck rot with gray mycelium colonizing the entire bulb, neck, and spaces between cloves. Small (~0.5 mm) black globose to subglobose sclerotia were present in the neck of one plant and between cloves of the second plant. Mycelium and individual sclerotia were directly transferred from symptomatic plants to Difco potato dextrose agar (PDA) and half strength V8 agar (1⁄2V8) (18). Sclerotia transferred from diseased plants did not germinate in culture, but hyphal tips transferred to 1⁄2V8 readily generated sclerotia indistinguishable from those on symptomatic garlic plants (Fig. 1). In addition to sclerotia, a phialidic spermatial state was observed in the fast-growing, grayish white, flat mycelium. 19 June 2013 Plant Health Progress Symptoms, colonies, sclerotia, and spermatia matched characters in standard published descriptions of colonies of S. cepivorum (4,14). Definitive identification to species was based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences. Isolates originating from hyphal tips (Latah ht-4 and Latah ht-5) were grown in Difco potato dextrose broth on an orbital shaker (125 RPM) for seven days at ambient lab temperatures (22-24°C), after which mycelium was aseptically removed and washed three times with sterile diH O, lyophilized, and stored at -80°C until DNA extraction. Lyophilized mycelium (10 mg) was disrupted while frozen with liquid nitrogen in the presence of MP Biomedicals Lysing Matrix A (Saloon, OH) in a Fast Prep 120 cell disruptor (speed 4 for 30 sec). Genomic DNA was isolated immediately following tissue disruption using Qiagen DNeasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen, Valencia, CA) following the manufacturer's instructions using twice the recommended volume of lysis (AP1) and AP2 buffers. The lysate was cleared by centrifugation at 50,000 × g prior to loading on to the QIAshredder column. (Modifications were required for successful DNA extraction; viscous lysate interfered with extraction under manufacturer conditions.) DNA was eluted from the column with 100 μl of sterile water. Amplification of the ITS and 5.8S rDNA region was accomplished using primers ITS5 and ITS4 (22). DNA amplification was performed in an Applied Biosystems Gene Amp 9700 thermalcyler. Reaction conditions consisted of a single cycle of 10 min at 95°C followed by 35 cycles (of 35 sec at 94°C, 60 sec at 52°C, and 2 min at 72°C) plus a final extension cycle of 10 min at 72°C. Amplified PCR products were purified with Qiagen QIAquick spin columns. The 1210 nucleotide ITS amplicon was sequenced on both strands using primers ITS2, ITS3, ITS4, and ITS5 (22). Sequencing reactions and primer synthesis were performed by Eurofins MWG/Operon (Huntsville, AL). Sequence data was assembled and aligned using Sequencher 4.9 software (Gene Codes Corp. Ann Arbor, MI). The resulting sequences were compared to the GenBank nucleotide data base (blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov), published sequences of Sclerotinia and Sclerotium species included in a phylogenetic analysis of plant pathogenetic Sclerotium species (23), and an isolate of S. cepivorum causing white rot of garlic in Hungary (1) using BLASTN 2.2.21 software (24). Latah ht-4 and ht-5 ITS sequences shared 99-100% identity with two S. cepivorum strains present in GenBank including CBS276.93 (isolated from Allium) which was part of a phylogenetic study (23). Our strains from Latah Co. shared 100% identity with S. cepivorum causing white rot of garlic in Hungary (1) and CBS321.65 isolated from an Allium cepa bulb. ITS sequences of closely related fungi such as Sclerotium perniciosum, Sclerotinia trifoliorum, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum included in the phylogenetic study (23) have 100% identity within these individual species but only share 98% identity with our S. cepivorum strains. On the basis of the above morphological, cultural, and molecular characters, our Palouse isolates were conclusively identified as S. cepivorum. Fig. 1. Sclerotium cepivorum in culture produces abundant, tiny sclerotia.


The availability of a software system yielding quick numerical models to predict ballistic behavior is a requisite asset for any research laboratory engaged in material behavior. What is especially true about accessibility of rapid prototyping for terminal impaction is the enhancement of a system structure that will direct the specific material and impact situation toward a specific predictive model, yielding an outcome of physical significance. This, of course, is of particular importance when the ranges of validity are at stake and the pertinent constraints associated with the impact are unknown. Hence, a compilation of semi-empirical predictive penetration relations for various physical phenomena has been organized into a data structure for the purpose of developing a knowledge-based decision-aided expert system to predict the terminal ballistic behavior of projectiles and targets.


We present the first work on applying statistical techniques to unrestricted Quantifier Scope Disambiguation (QSD), where there is no restriction on the type or the number of quantifiers in the sentence. We formulate unrestricted QSD as learning to build a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) and define evaluation metrics based on the properties of DAGs. Previous work on statistical scope disambiguation is very limited, only considering sentences with two explicitly quantified noun phrases (NPs). In addition, they only handle a restricted list of quantifiers. In our system, all NPs, explicitly quantified or not (e.g. definites, bare singulars/plurals, etc.), are considered for possible scope interactions. We present early results on applying a simple model to a small corpus. The preliminary results are encouraging, and we hope will motivate further research in this area.


The global terrestrial carbon sink has increased since the start of this century at a time of growing carbon emissions from fossil fuel burning. Here we test the hypothesis that increases in atmospheric aerosols from fossil fuel burning enhanced the diffuse light fraction and the efficiency of plant carbon uptake. Using a combination of models, we estimate that at global scale changes in light regimes from fossil fuel aerosol emissions had only a small negative effect on the increase in terrestrial net primary production over the period 1998–2010. Hereby, the substantial increases in fossil fuel aerosol emissions and plant carbon uptake over East Asia were effectively canceled by opposing trends across Europe and North America. This suggests that if the recent increase in the land carbon sink would be causally linked to fossil fuel emissions, it is unlikely via the effect of aerosols but due to other factors such as nitrogen deposition or nitrogen‐carbon interactions.


Objective: This study investigated the effect of antibacterial activity from sarang semut fractions with three different solvents, i.e. nonpolar (n-hexane),semipolar (ethyl acetate), and polar (water), to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) on Enterococcus faecalis cps2.Methods: The fractions were extracted with a maceration method and a methanol solvent. The fractionation was performed with three groupsof solvent to obtain the n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and water fractions. The active compound from the best fraction group was identified using aphytochemical test, gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry, and thin-layer chromatography. Each fraction group was divided into five differentconcentrations, i.e. 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% and was assessed against E. faecalis cps2 with an agar diffusion method. Chlorhexidine 2% wasused as a positive control. The width of the inhibition zone was calculated.Results: The ethyl acetate group had the biggest inhibition zone of 21 mm in diameter compared to n-hexane and water, which was 15 mm and19 mm in diameter, respectively. The MIC value of the fraction with a 20% concentration of ethyl acetate was significantly different (P < 0.05) from then-hexane and water solvents in inhibiting the growth of E. faecalis cps2.Conclusion: The ethyl acetate fraction of sarang semut had a greater inhibitory effect on E. faecalis cps2. In addition, the antibacterial activity of thefraction increased with an increase in concentration.


Analyses of data from the Inhibition of VEGF in Age-related Choroidal Neovascularisation trial conducted to explore relationships between temporal changes in serum VEGF and safety events showed that at 1 year, a larger fall from baseline serum VEGF was associated with a lower hazard of death.


To design embedded systems, multiple models of their environments are typically required for different purposes such as simulation, verification, and actual execution. Some of these models abstract the actual physical environment to facilitate Verification and Validation (V&V) activities. Others capture the connection to hardware peripherals, necessary to deploy the systems on actual embedded boards. However, mapping a system to different environment models for different purposes remains a complex task for two main reasons. First, the environment is often tightly coupled with the system, and the board used for its execution. Second, formal properties verified during the design phase must be preserved at runtime. To tackle these issues, we propose an approach for designing UML models in a modular way and deploying them for V&V activities or embedded execution. This approach uses UML modularity mechanisms to specify the system in a generic way, and to connect it to a given (abstract or real) environment. This technique has been applied on several UML models of embedded systems to analyze their behaviors by simulation and LTL model-checking before deploying them on embedded STM32 boards.


A novel surface passivation technique using silicon nitride (SN) by - treatment has been demonstrated on -gated Ge pMOSFETs. It is found that ultrathin SN passivation is more effective to suppress the Ge out diffusion than ultrathin Si passivation. Improved interface quality and device performance were achieved for the device with the SN passivation. Fluorine (F) incorporation by postgate treatment was also implemented to further enhance the performance. Furthermore, bias temperature instability (BTI) characteristics were systematically investigated on interface engineered (Si-, SN-, or -passivated) Ge pMOSFETs by both conventional dc - and fast pulse measurement. The impact of thickness and postgate treatment processes (F incorporation) on BTI and device performance was also studied, and it is found that BTI and device performance can be improved by reducing the thickness or incorporating F.


This, the eighth edition of a well-regarded textbook, has been revised to focus on frailty. Its contributors include several nurses and the book covers a wide range of topics, including biological, medical, psychological and social gerontology. It also covers all the main body systems, which means it should be useful to nurses across a range of specialties.


With the strong forces of globalization, therefore essential to build the capacities of Small Medium Entreprises (SMEs) in the region in order to ensure that they are highly competitive, innovative and be able to utilize the regional economic initiatives. The technopreneurship outlines the evolution of SMEs development. Technopreneurship is simple entrepreneurship in a technology intensive context. It is a process of merging technology prowess and entrepreneurial talent and skill. Encompassing the oppression of society limits and began to merge into the public eye, women owned small business also has to promote technopreneurship. This paper tends to explore the technopreneurship among women owned small business at Palembang city. Within the qualitative data, it will identifies the implementation of technopreneurship of women owned small business in the city. Moreover, it will be recognize the readiness of this society in handling Asean Economic Community 2015.
Keywords: Technopreneurship, Women owned small business, Asean Economic Community


. The article is focused on a specific aspect of history of men's secondary schools of the Orthodox Church – theological seminaries, which functioned in the Ukrainian gubernias of the Russian Empire. Organization of pedagogical education in theological seminaries is established to be a prerequi-site for successful teaching activity of their graduates. The paper reveals the content of pedagogical education in theological seminaries, knowledge, skills and abilities that students attained there within 1866-1884. The paper focuses on arranging seminarians' teaching practice at daily, holiday and Sunday schools. The paper identifies the forms and methods of pedagogical education and requirements set up by the Holy Synod for organization of educational process in secondary theological educational institutions. The paper reveals the specific features of staffing and teaching and methodological support for teaching Pedagogy and concludes about the advantages and disadvantages of pedagogical education in theological seminaries and the level of pedagogical education com-pared to classical gymnasia.


Using the fibring method we prove the existence of non-negative solution of the p-Laplacian boundary value problem pu = f (u), for any > 0 on any regular bounded domain of R N , in the special case f(t) = t q 1.


The 9SMn28 free-cutting steel samples were prepared under different with drawal velocity using Bridgman zone melting directional solidification apparatus.The inclusions and dendrites of which were observed by OM(optical microscope),SEM(scanning electron microscope) and EPMA(electron probe microanalyzer) were calculated and analyzed by applying solidification theory.The results show that the inclusions are mainly manganese sulfides and gathered in the space among dendrites arms in 9SMn28 steel ingots.Manganese-sulfide inclusions are almost spherical,as a small amount of elliptoid and rod-like inclusions are found around the secondary dendrite arms.And the size of inclusions decreases with increasing the with drawal velocity.The calculation result of secondary dendrite arm spacing is in agreement with that of the test,which both decreases as withdrawal velocity increases.


This paper offers a reflective update of the international project "African Oral Literatures, New Media, and Technologies: Challenges for Research and Documentation." This project has engaged the practice and the theoretical implications of technological documentation by implementing the ground-breaking series Verba Africana, published on DVDs and the Internet. Such a series produces videos of African oral genres, whether "classic" storytelling and songs, or hip-hop and video clips, with translations and interpretive commentaries informed by scientific research. Central topics of the project are issues of definition, interpretation, and impact of technology on what is recorded, as well as the questions of collaborative authorship and of "sharing knowledge."


This paper concerns about the development of the body image in contemporary western culture and in its treatment, which aims to improve the perception the individual has about themselves, from the perspective of Cognitive Behavior Theory. From the definition of body image and reflection of how people can be influenced by the current context is evident from the psychotherapeutic process, context and practice. The method was the bibliographic research of authors in the subject matter and on sites of scientific database, elucidated with examples of clinical cases chosen by the relation with the subject in question. It can be inferred that the psychotherapeutic process in disorders linked to dissatisfaction with weight and body shape represents a clinical challenge and concluded that CBT can help in relieving symptoms of the patients who have distorted perception of body image.


This paper studies the problem of the uniqueness of meromorphic functions sharing three values. The results in this paper improve some theorems given by H. Ueda, H. X. Yi and other authors.


The invention concerns a container for transporting or storing radioactive materials comprising two separate confinement chambers, nested one in the other. The outer confinement chamber comprises at least an inside part of a body (10), a lid (12) and sealing members (16) interposed between them. The inner confinement chamber comprises a container (18) a plug (22) and sealing members (24) interposed between them. A flange (18b) of the container is supported against a shoulder (20) of the body (10). The plug (22) is pressed against the flange (18b) by fixing members (28, 30) advantageously anchored in the body (10).


High school teachers as educators are highly demanded to have high competence in the scientific field, especially molecular biology, to improve the quality of education and the students they educate. However, the weak or gaps in knowledge and mastery of molecular biology material among high school biology teachers in various regions have prompted the need for intensive assistance to improve this. Hence, this activity aims to introduce PCR (polymerase chain reaction) analysis techniques as part of molecular biology materials to upgrade the competence and professionalism of high school biology teachers in Banjarbaru City and Banjar Regency, South Kalimantan. Technically, the activities are divided into two sessions, i.e., (1) general lectures to explain the basic concepts of PCR analysis and their applications and (2) hands-on practice of PCR analysis in the Genetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory of FMIPA ULM. In this activity, there were 14 participants consisting of biology teachers from several high schools in Banjarbaru City and Banjar Regency, South Kalimantan. Generally, the activities ran smoothly, and they were enthusiastic from the beginning to the end of the session. The evaluation showed that the knowledge and skills of teachers were increasing. However, similar or further activities (continuation) to improve the understanding of the concepts and practices of these teachers regarding molecular biology analysis are also necessary.


Future frame prediction for video sequences is a challenging task and worth exploring problem in computer vision. Existing methods often learn motion information for the entire image to predict next frames. However, different objects in the same scene often move and deform in different ways intuitively. Considering the human visual system, one often pays attention to the key objects that contain crucial motion signals, rather than compress an entire image into a static representation. Motivated by this property of human perception, in this work, we develop a novel object-centric video prediction model that learns local motion transformation dynamically for key object regions with visual attention. By transforming objects iteratively to the original input frames, next frame can be produced. Specifically, we design an attention module with replaceable strategies to attend to objects in video frames automatically. Our method does not require any annotated data during training procedure. To produce sharp predictions, adversarial training is adopted in our work. We evaluate our model on the Moving MNIST and UCF101 datasets and report competitive results, compared to prior methods. The generated frames demonstrate that our model can characterize motion for different objects and produce plausible future frames.


This paper considers resistance stove as the modeling object,the temperature object is analyzed by using the principium method and the model of the resistance stove is set up.Since the characteristics of time-delay,nonlinear and uncertain model structure,a fuzzy self-tuning PID control is presented in this paper.And the simulation model of resistance stove is established by using SIMULINK in Matlab,the method of conventional PID,fuzzy control and the fuzzy self-turning control are respectively applied to control the simulation model.The approach shows the characteristics of outstanding adaptability,satisfactory controlling accuracy and good dynamic performance by simulation results.


Dirgantara Marsekal Suryadarma University (Unsurya) needs to improve the information system for the students. So that it needs to do a software quality test in SIAKAD and to ensure the feature and the function run well. It has a goal to know the quality of a software by testing from functional suitability, performance efficiency, compatibility, security and maintainability standardized by ISO/IEC 25010. It is done to improve the quality of academic information system to be better. This research analyzed the software quality insurance of academic information system in Unsurya by testing the aspects from main menu such as transcript, study plan, lecturer's evaluation of learning activity, the print out of exam card, the consultation of academic supervisor, consultation from Head of Study Program and student's financial. Based on the suitability functional and efficiency performance testing using black box in Unsurya SIAKAD system, it runs well although some functions don't work well. The result for compatibility in SIAKAD Unsurya, it works in line with the browser in the desktop or mobile.  Based on the security test using audit system, it results the value 90 (B) with 1 medium risk and 9 low risk.   Based on the maintainability test, it results SIAKAD which is able to give a system needed by the students.


The focus of a recent Family Court Review Special Issue on attachment, separation, and divorce included perspectives primarily from researchers in the Bowlby/Ainsworth tradition. A number of the authors made recommendations against overnight visits for very young children. I review conceptualizations and measures of attachment security as well as empirical findings. Currently the foundation to make general recommendations regarding overnight visits is inadequate. Caution is needed in using attachment measures in court evaluations and regarding restrictive legal presumptions and theoretical orientations. Custody and access evaluations and decisions need to apply scientifically sound principles to the individual characteristics of each case.

Key Points for the Family Court Community:
•Simple "yes" or "no" answers are inadequate regarding the question of overnight visits for young children.
•Attachment security can change and is influenced by multiple factors over the life span.
•There are important scientific, ethical, and cost factors when considering the possible use of attachment security measures in custody evaluation.
•Scientific findings about how overnight visits affect young children are mixed and seem best explained by differences in parental characteristics and interactions.
•Each case deserves decision-making based on careful reasoning, informed by scientific findings and the relevant individual circumstances.


Penicillin-Micrococcus luteus-TSA medium plates were used to establish a method for the rapid isolation of β-lactamase-producing bacteria in raw milk.This method revealed a more convenient and simpler observation than conventional methods,and could provide highly specific isolation.16S rRNA gene sequence analysis allowed the assignment of the β-lactamase-producing bacterial isolates obtained in this study.As a result,Escherichia coli was the dominant β-lactamase-producing strain in raw milk.


The new extractives are the dinaphthofuran 3,5′-O-cyclodiospyrin (XVI), 8′-hydroxydiospyrin, 2′- and 3′-chlorodiospyrin, 3′-chloro-2′-hydroxydiospyrin, and the chromenone ester (XIX; R = Et) and acid (XIX; R = H). The last five of these appear to be artefacts formed from diosquinone (XXI), which is also present.


Did the authors of a recent report on "refrigerator blindness"[1][1] consider that men, as hunters, are programmed to spot moving game, whereas women, as gatherers, are programed to spot stationary edible plants and fruit?

Just a thought.

1. 1.[↵][2] Macnab AJ, Bennett M. Refrigerator


A field experiment was conducted at the farm of Lovely Professional University, Phagwara in 2018-19 to examine the effect of integrated weed management for maximizing seed yield of fodder maize crop (zea mays.l). Variety i.e. P 3401(Pioneer) was tested under various doses of T1 (Weed Check), T2 (RDF + Pendimethalin @1.5kg a.i/ha) , T3 (RDF + Atrazine @1.5kg a.i/ha) , T4 (RDF + Handweeding  +  Pendimethalin @1.5kg a.i/ha) , T5 (RDF + Handweeding  + Atrazine @1.5kg a.i/ha) , T6 (RDF + Pendimethalin @1.5kg a.i/ha + Atrazine @1.5kg a.i/ha) , T7 (RDF + Handweeding) comprising one variety. Yield and growth parameters were recorded during the research work. T5 (firstname.lastname@example.com a.i/ha) was found effective in maximizing the plant height, no.


Objective To report our experience with an improved technique of laparoscopic radical cystectomy (LRC) and orthotopic ileal neobladder reconstruction, evaluating the perioperative and pathological outcomes. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the data of 56 cases who underwent radical cystoprostatectomy followed by construction of an orthotopic U-shaped ileal neobladder between August 2010 and December 2014. These data include intraoperative data, early and long-term postoperative complications, neobladder function, urinary continence and oncologic results. Also the key innovative procedure was introduced with details. Results The median time of the overall procedure was 212 min. The median estimated blood loss was 171 mL. The median hospitalization time after the operation was 21 days. Complications included two cases of unilateral ureter-pouch anastomotic strictures, one case of bilateral ureteral stricture, three cases of vesicourethral anastomotic strictures and three cases of vesicourethral leakage. The mean maximum pouch capacity was 446±32 mL, and pouch pressure at capacity was 18.1±2.6 cmH2O. The Qmax was 14±1.2 mL/s, and the mean post-void residual was 25±10 mL. There were nine cases of night-time incontinence at 3 months post-operatively. Negative surgical margins of the bladder specimens were achieved in all patients. During a follow-up period of 3 to 44 months (average 32.6 months), local recurrence was found in two patients and distant metastasis was occurred in another three patients. Conclusions Our preliminary experience showed that pure LRC with non-absorbable titanium staples assisted orthotopic U-shape ileal neobladder reconstruction is feasible based on perioperative data and oncologic features.


An increasing amount of attention has been paid to the air quality of the indoor environment. Indoor air quality (IAQ) can be affected by a number of contaminants including mold, gases, particulates and any stressor that can be considered harmful to health conditions. One such stressor measured as part of IAQ is Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) emissions. As "sustainable design" is evolving, a number of standards have emerged to provide guidance for product VOC emissions. While there are no federal regulations and very few state regulations for building products; there are currently a few third-party certification services that have established their own varying sets of environmental standards and certifications.


Using the ARDL test and Granger approaches, this paper investigates long-term co-integration and causal relationships among nuclear, renewables, GDP and CO2 emissions in China, US, France and Japan. The findings reveal that the long-term coefficient of nuclear energy is smaller than renewable energy, indicating a relative advantage of nuclear power. However, the emission reduction effect of nuclear and renewables in China was not as much as compared to other nations. Moreover, causality from economic growth to nuclear or renewable energy existed in all countries, whereas no causality from nuclear energy to economic growth existed except in Japan. Therefore, giving priority to energy conservation and energy mix optimization is not likely to hurdle economic growth in China. However, greenness of the overall energy production process, augmentation of energy efficiency, technological progress in energy storage and internet, sustainable development of resource-society, and nuclear safety issues should be given priority in order to contribute to low-carbon


Self-lubricating polymer materials have been widely used and preparation technologies of the men- tioned materials are one of the hot points of the tribology research.In this article,the researches and applications of the self-lubricating polymer materials are introduced,and the friction and wear mechanisms of the PTFE,PI,PEEK,PPS, POM composites are summarized.It is concluded that the tribological behaviors are closely corrrelated to the ability to form the transfer films and to the characteristics of them on the coupling surfaces,wherein the inorganic fillers improve the stiffiness and wearing resistance,while the polymer compounds improve the thermodynamics.


The conclusion of the Law of the Sea Convention in 1982 (Convention), highlighted by the emergence of a new maritime zone and the extension of the breadth of territorial sea from three to twelve nautical miles, has required Indonesia to adjust its maritime boundaries. As any other coastal state, Indonesia is entitled to all maritime zones as provided by the Convention and therefore needs to draw the boundaries for the respective zone in accordance with its provisions. Geographically, Indonesia is bordered by ten neighboring states where the maritime zones overlap. As prescribed by the Convention, Indonesia shall enter into negotiation with its neighbors to reach an agreement. This Article will explain how Indonesia addresses the issue.


Authors examine the formation and development of Albanian separatism in the Serbian province of Kosovo and Metohija. The article deals with the main aspects of the history of creation and functioning of the first armed extremist groups of Kosovo Albanians, in particular the activities of the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) during the hottest phases of the Kosovo crisis in the 1990s, including the role of international actors in the development of Albanian terrorism in the Serbian province. In the article, the authors conclude that Albanian separatism is not a spontaneously organized ethnic group with the aim of fighting against "terror" perpetrated by state power, but is instead the embodiment of the idea of a "Greater Albania", projected in the First and Second Prizer Leagues. Western countries also actively supported the formation, training, logistical support and funding of the KLA. The leader among Western states supporting Albanian separatism in Serbia was the United States, which provided Kosovo separatists with comprehensive support. With the adoption of UN Security Council Resolution 1244 and the arrival of the UN Military and Civil Mission in Kosovo and Metohija (KFOR and UMNIK), Albanian extremists and terrorists used all-out violence to expel the non-Albanian population from Kosovo and Metohija. The separation of Kosovo from Serbia, which took place under the careful guidance of the international community represented by the USA and the EU, as well as the recognition of the so-called Kosovo's "independence" by, above all, Western countries, grossly violated not only UNSC Resolution 1244 and international law in general, but also created an international legal precedent which gave other proponents of territorial secession an excuse and right to seek the same as that of the so-called Kosovo.


The emulsification properties of various phospholipids in egg yolk lecithin were evaluated using emulsion droplet size and surface potential (zeta potential). Five different phospholipids (phosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidic acid and sphingomyelin) were assessed in this study. Also, cholesterol was employed as a co-emulsifier of phosphatidylcholine. Based on the results of mean diameter of oil droplets in emulsion, lysophosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylcholine showed excellent properties as emulsifiers. The results of zeta potential measurement identified phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine as excellent emulsifiers for the preparation of stable emulsions compared to the other phospholipids. Further, the addition of cholesterol to phosphatidylcholine resulted in increased stability of the emulsion. (Accepted Apr. 14, 2016)


A tonic liquid of black she-goat's placenta extract for delaying sanility, resisting oxidizing, relaxing fatigue, and improving immunity is prepared from the liquid extract of the 80-100 days kid or placenta of black she-goat 18-12wt. portions, the liquid extract of spatholobus stem and sharpleaf galangal fruit (4-6), fructose (5-7) and purified water. The ratio of purified water to other is (4-5):1. Said liquid extract of kid or placenta is prepared from kid or placenta through hydrolysis after adding enzyme. Its Advantages include high effect and decreasing the by-effect caused by radiotherapy.


The chapter addresses the stabilization problem for large-scale fuzzy interconnected systems. Our aim is to present the design results on both the state feedback and static-output feedback (SOF) stabilizing fuzzy controllers. Firstly, by using some bounding techniques, the reduced number of LMIs to the decentralized state feedback controller design will be derived. Then, by using some matrix transformation techniques and singular system approach, we will also derive some design results on decentralized SOF control in terms of LMIs. Moreover, the proposed design results on the decentralized control will be extended to address the distributed control problem. Finally, several examples are given to illustrate the use of corresponding results.


X1 and X2 are two random variables following a bivariate normal distribution, N 2   ( μ 1 ,   μ 2   ;     σ   1 2 ,   σ   2 2 ,   ρ ) , with all parameters unknown. Given n1 indepen dent observations on (X1 , X2) and n2 additional independent observations on X1 , we propose a procedure for inferring about µ2 utilizing all available information. The proposed procedure is compared with that based on student's tstatistic utilizing only the observations on X2. The generalization to the multivariate case is also done.


Since 2007 Government of Indonesia implementing mass National Community Empowerment Program, well-known as PNPM which is reaches thirty three provinces. This program has become an important development program for national as well as local and regional level across Indonesia. The program using bottom up approaches since it implemented based on fostering local community participation; strengthening local community organization with the ultimate goals is to reduce poverty at local level. The regulation and technical guidance affirmed by ministry and it is running by local community organization. The study goes to examine the research findings that the Indonesia CDD's program is effective to enhance local participation.  It also examines the extent to which research findings used to increase higher public participation on this project  since the program focus on small scale infrastructure and mostly it has taken up uniform activity of the program agenda all over the countries. The program basically focus on building basic need infrastructure projects, such as, piping drinking water project, paving small roads at rural or paving narrow 'labyrinth' at dense urban area. However, hardly to find innovation program from the local governments since they have no adopted anything remotely near the 'National Package'. Moreover, the quality of participation is still questionable.  This study concludes with a discussion of the limits to evaluation and recommend stragies for promoting forther practice and methods of The Urban-Poverty Project public participation evaluation. Based on the literature study, this paper try to give contribution on an understanding of the successful of project implementation, in turn could be used to formulate future public partcipation project.
Keywords: Empowerment, Poverty Reduction, Local Participation, Community Driven Development


To the Editor: Forty percent of young physicians report that they would not go to medical school if given the choice again.1 Twenty percent of physicians are dissatisfied with their careers,2 while 34% meet criteria for burnout.3 An explanation for these staggering numbers may be found in a study revealing that those who spend less than 20% of their time on their most meaningful activity (i.e., patient care, research, or education) have significantly higher rates of burnout than do physicians who focus on their most meaningful areas.3 This suggests that optimizing career fit would substantially increase physician satisfaction. Since medical school is often the first opportunity for future physicians both to explore the various career tracks within medicine and also to experience burnout, it would be an ideal place for medical students to pursue their unique interests to ensure a good fit.


Abstract Two experiments investigated 3-, 4-, and 5-year-old children's ability to use situational information to make judgements about others' emotional reactions. Children were presented with stories and drawings depicting other children in emotion-producing situations and were asked to make emotion judgements by selecting one of two facial expressions. It was predicted that children would make more accurate judgements when the stories contained explicit, rather than implicit, statements about the characters' goals. Based on Weiner and Graham's (1984) developmental model of emotion understanding, it was also predicted that the youngest children would be able to make outcomedependent, but not attributiondependent emotion judgements. Contrary to expectation, children did not make significantly more accurate judgements in the explicit story condition. Consistent with Weiner and Graham's model, the 3-year-olds could make outcome-dependent emotion judgements, but only the 4- and 5-year-olds could make attrib...


THE RESULTS OF AN EXPERIMENTAL AND ANALYTICAL STUDY ON THE BEHAVIOR OF COMPOSITE MEMBERS WITH A CONCRETE HAUNCH ARE PRESENTED. EIGHT PUSHOUT TESTS USING TWO STUD SIZES WERE PERFORMED. THE THEORETICAL ANALYSIS CONSISTED OF TWO APPROACHES, ONE USING AN ELASTIC ANALYSIS, APPLICABLE BEFORE CONCRETE CRACKING, AND THE OTHER AN ULTIMATE STRENGTH ANALYSIS. COMPARISONS WITH RESULTS OF TESTS BY OTHERS WERE ALSO MADE. DESIGN EQUATIONS AND GUIDES ARE PRESENTED FOR A SINGLE LINE OF STUDS AS WELL AS FOR MORE THAN ONE LINE OF STUDS. /BPR/


H E Chaga are a Bantu tribe living on the slopes of Mt. Kilimanjaro T in East Africa. Their territory is divided into about thirty small chieftainships whose populations range from two to twenty-five thousand. Although these little states have shared a common historical development for the last three hundred years, each of them represents a social entity for itself with its linguistic and cultural peculiarities. For this reason they have attracted the attention of many observers, and the literature concerning them is extensive. Outstanding among the books written about the Chaga are the publications by the missionary, B. Gutmann, Das Recht der Dschaggal C. H. Beck, Munchen, 1926 and Die Stammeslehren der Dschagga, C. H. Beck, Munchen, I:1932, II:1935, and III:1938. In the English language a comprehensive account is contained in C. Dundas, Kilimanjaro and its People, London 1924. As Gutman and Dundas, who for a few years was a political officer among the Chaga, worked with informants from different chieftainships, their accounts do not always tally. Especially is this true with regard to the initiation ceremonies. The following report is based on information received in Marangu and Mamba, two states in the south-east of Mt. Kilimanjaro. This information is especially interesting in view of the fact that Dundas' description of female education is inadequate, and Gutmann's collection of lessons during the ceremony, deals almost exclusively with Moshi, the central Chaga state. Female initiation, among the Chaga, differs in two respects from male initiation. Womanhood is not, like manhood, divided into two divisions, for there is no preliminary period of military or labor service to be absolved before marriage. In consequence, whereas among young men, circumcision, initiation, and marriage are spread over a number of years, in the case of girls they tend to be crowded into a short span of time. The second point of difference is that the ceremonies for boys are carried out on a communal scale, the permission to marry being given by the chief to a whole age-class together. Among girls these ceremonies are private, for they are closely dependent on individual sexual maturation. When the mother of a girl who has recently been circumcised decides that she should be initiated preparatory to marriage, she approaches friends in similar circumstances and, if possible, arranges to celebrate the ceremony with them. For this purpose a teacher has to be engaged. The qualifications of a teacher turn on the belief of the Chaga that the anus of a male person is closed with a plug a t initiation. On this belief, which is dramatically symbolized during the initiation of males, and which is kept a close


The utility model relates to a device for picking and delivering sheets, which comprises a work table, a picking device and a transmission device. A bearing base is mounted on the work table to hold a plurality of inclined base plates and the picking device is arranged beside the bearing base. A cantilever with a plurality of cupules is installed on the picking device and the cantilever is distant from the side with a plurality of cupules. The movable cantilever is hinged on the rotating shaft base and the transmission device is fixed below the rotating shaft base. A displacement segment sliding on the work table is positioned on the bottom of the transmission device. The sliding displacement of the displacement segment on the work table drives the picking devices assimilates the base plate on the bearing base of the work table in sequence and delivers to the conveying segment. The working efficiency of the picking and delivering device and the production efficiency of the product line are improved. The bearing base can make the base plate bear average force to prevent the problem that the base plates are damaged due to piling by pile machine.


An uncooled coaxial fiber-Bragg-grating external-cavity semiconductor laser module was fabricated for the first time. A single mode operation without mode-hopping was obtained up to 100 mA and between -30/spl deg/C and 70/spl deg/C. The lasing wavelength dependencies on temperature and current were as small as 11 pm/K and 2 pm/mA, respectively.


Regarding wide technological development of wireless communication and services, based on electromagnetic fields (EMF) as carrier, as well as their communication infrastructure, the EMF has become an inevitable element of the living or working environment. Having in mind that those fields are generated artificially, in addition to the natural ones, the considerable effort is devoted to investigation of their influence on a living organism, as well as prevention of dangerous EMF levels. Respecting those essentials, the modern EMF investigation approach recommends long-term monitoring, initiating the development of several progressive EMF monitoring systems. In this paper, the parser function for measurement results acquisition from Narda AMB 8059 monitoring stations, deployed in latest, the Serbian EMF RATEL monitoring system, is presented. The parser function is a central part of the top-level puller service that provide logistic for measurement stations in the EMF RATEL system.


The paper deals with social presence effects of embodiment in collaborative net-communications. Social presence was measured by an extended questionnaire including an item set on emotional closeness of the partners. Principal component analysis revealed a consistent structure with the five dimensions: copresence, closeness, comprehension, contagion and coordination. In addition a measure for interpersonal trust was applied which differentiates between cognitively and affectively based trust. Correlation analysis showed significant relations between closeness and affectively based trust. Results of a media comparison including face-to-face interactions, phone, chat and avatar-based net-communications point to distinct response patterns for the different social presence factors and interpersonal trust. Only with respect to co-presence the avatar-based interactions led to higher scores than phone or chat interactions. Data are discussed with respect to multi-dimensional conceptualisation and multi-level measurement of social presence.


The microwave radiation synthesis technology and crystallized mechanism of ion exchanger silicotitanate NaTS were studied in this work. The effects of autoclave pressure and synthetic time on the crystallinity and cesium removal properties were investigated in a sealed microwave reactor. The results show that microwave radiation can significantly reduce the synthetic reaction time from 120 h to 2 h at the pressure of 5atm compared with the conventional sol-gel hydrothermal method. The analysis of XRD and SEM show that there is no obvious difference between the conventional method and microwave method for the cesium removal ability of the products. The product has open 8-membered ring pore framework consisted Ti-O octahedral cluster and Si-O tetrahedron and belongs to P4(3) space group. The cell parameters are a=b=0.7781 nm and c=1.1945 nm. The kinetic model indicates the microwave synthetic mechanism is a spontaneous nucleation system. The whole process consists of the induction period and the growth period. The calculated crystal growth constant of the microwave process is 30, about 10(8) times higher than that of the sol-gel hydrothermal method. The reaction efficiency was improved greatly. The study of the rapid microwave synthesis can provide a technical base for industrialized production and application of NaTS as cesium remover in the future.


Abstract. In the framework of experimental therapy, the authors surveyed 150 patients who belonged to the category of danger‐ous professions. The study focused on the identification of etiologic factors, the study of characteristics of pathogenesis of pathological processes in these patients and definition of possibility of influence on the mechanisms of sanogenesis. Intensive physical load, tension missions, the complexity of the problems solved ‐ all this powerful somatogenous factors which interact and exacerbating the impacts of each other, lead to the formation of pathology of various organs and systems. The above factors lead to the appearance of those hazard‐ous occupations overvoltage physical and mental, «burnout» and various sleep disorders, and are integral factors of labour activity data persons. Stress factors of the labour activity and the clock physical load, causing changes in the musculoskeletal and nervous system, remove vertebrogenic diseases one of the first places. The study showed that along with somatotropic influence, a major link in the pa‐thogenesis with pain in the back is the presence of psychogenic factors. Excessive and prolonged exposure to stress factors leads to the formation of relatively persistent psychogenic disorders and neurotic and psychogenic available somatic diseases. Therefore psychothe‐rapy is pathogenetically grounded for medical‐psychological rehabilitation of the patients of dangerous professions with the presence of somatic pathology.


Introduction Various international agreements require/encourage participating parties to implement an ecosystem-based approach to fisheries (EAF). For example, the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries of the United Nations' Food and Agriculture Organisation, adopted in 1995, states that Management measures should not only ensure the conservation of target species but also of species belonging to the same ecosystem or associated with or dependent upon the target species (http://www.fao.org/3/v9878e/v9878e00.htm). The sixth Aichi Target of the Convention on Biological Diversity's Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011–2020 reads: By 2020 all fish and invertebrate stocks and aquatic plants are managed and harvested sustainably, legally and applying ecosystem based approaches, so that overfishing is avoided, recovery plans and measures are in place for all depleted species, fisheries have no significant adverse impacts on threatened species and vulnerable ecosystems and the impacts of fisheries on s tocks, species and ecosystems are within safe ecological limits (https://www.cbd.int/convention/text/default.shtml).


Good Eats was a 10-week community-based research workshop series on food security for persons living with HIV/AIDS in the Downtown Eastside of Vancouver, Canada. This is a population that is very food insecure and for whom access to nutritious food is critical for health. We suggest that using methods that engage marginalized populations in the research process can contribute to our understanding of food insecurity in a local food environment. In this example, although there are a number of charitable food programs in the neighborhood, factors such as food provider regulations, inadequate housing, and drug addictions contribute to food insecurity for this population.


Ultrahigh temperature (UHT) granulites in Tonagh Island, Napier Complex, East Antarctica record peak metamorphic pressure-temperature (P-T) conditions of up to 9 kbar and 1100°C. Sapphirine, garnet, orthopyroxene and quartz in these rocks contain very high density fluid inclusions with melting temperatures close to that of pure CO2 (−56.6°C) and homogenization temperatures down to −34.9°C translating into high CO2 densities (up to 1.07 g/cm3). The UHT granulites of Vizianagram in Eastern Ghats Belt, India which were subjected to extreme crustal metamorphism at >1000°C and 8-9 kbar also carry very high density (up to 1.15 g/cm3) pure CO2 inclusions in quartz adjacent to spinel rimmed by various coronas of sillimanite, orthopyroxene and garnet. Garnets in a granulite facies rock from Salem in southern India that equilibrated at peak P-T conditions of 740-800°C and 9-11 kbar carry the highest density (1.17 g/cm3) pure CO2 yet reported from continental crust. This rock also contains very high density CO2 inclusions in plagioclase and quartz. High density (0.998 g/cm3) pure CO2-rich fluid inclusions also occur abundantly within garnets from a mafic granulite in Ampitiya, central Highland Complex, Sri Lanka. The peak P-T conditions of metamorphism of the mafic granulite are around 10.6 kbar and 985°C with subsequent rapid isothermal decompression along a clock-wise path down to 5.5 kbar. In most of the cases above, the representative isochores for the CO2 inclusions either penetrate through or pass very close to the P-T windows defined from mineral phase equilibria indicating that the fluid inclusions were trapped at the time of peak or near post-peak metamorphism. We thus recognize a group of "ultrahigh density" (UHD) CO2-rich fluids that characterize UHT rocks and other granulites formed under extreme crustal metamorphism. These fluids contrast sharply with the lower density (generally <1.0 g/cm3) CO2 inclusions commonly reported from normal granulite facies rocks in various terrains. The presence of "synmetamorphic" UHD CO2 within various minerals is consistent with the low water activities predicted by the mineral assemblages in these rocks. Although the source of the CO2 is equivocal, mantle derived mafic magmas could have provided the heat and volatiles required for crustal metamorphism at extreme conditions displayed by these rocks.


The field of adapted physical activity (APA) and other areas often associated with APA focused on physical activity for people with disabilities, such as adapted physical education (APE) and disability sports (DS), is often marginalized and misunderstood. Little attention has been given to subsets of the general population's familiarity of this field and related areas. The purpose of this study was to examine college students' awareness of APA terminology and related organizations. Undergraduate college students ( n = 995) completed a survey on their familiarity of APA terminology (APE, DS, and therapeutic recreation [TR]) and related organizations (Paralympics [PL], and Special Olympics [SO]). Students were most familiar with SO, DS, and PL. Familiarity with these terms and organizations, except for TR, were positively associated with being comfortable with people with disabilities ( p < .01). Students who reported having a close connection to a person with a disability were significantly more familiar with DS and SO ( p = .001). Students with personal connections to people with disabilities appeared to be more aware of APA-related professions and associations. As future leaders, college students can influence the direction of future public policies and resources; thus, because these findings suggests that college students lack the basic familiarity with many APA-related areas, this insinuates that these areas may suffer from a lack of support policies and resources needed to flourish. Further research is needed to fully understand the relationships college students have with people with disabilities and how these may have more awareness of APA-related professions and associations.


In KrF or ArF resist processing, a chemically amplified resist is widely used for ULSI device fabrication. Due to the catalytic reaction of generated acid, decomposition of a positive resist or cross linking of a negative resist is amplified during post-exposure baking. In order to take into account these characteristics during resist simulation, a resist simulator based upon the percolation theory is developed, and the acid and product distributions during post exposure baking are iteratively calculated. Thus, we can conclude that the acid and product distribution in resist film are time dependent. Moreover it is necessary to develop using percolation theory a resist simulator that can take into account macroscopic feature changes from microscopic molecular structural change. The dissolution rate curve and distribution of acid diffusion length are derived with percolation theory. Then the distribution of the product that corresponds to decomposition in a positive resist is calculated. When we increase the acid thermal diffusion enough to reduce the standing wave effect while keeping it small enough not to reach neighboring patterns, the contour lines of product distribution from the thermal catalyst reaction move vertically rather than horizontally. (This is not a molecule movement.) By using these features, the resist rectangularity is improved and the DOF is chemically enlarged.


Three bioflocculant-producing bacteria strains were isolated by the pyridine screening method. The flocculating rate of bioflocculant produced by KL9-1-3 on kaolin suspension (4.0g/L) reached as high as 98.2%. The strain KL9-1-3 was identified as Rhodococcus sp. according to its morphological, physiological, biochemical, and 16S rDNA sequence characteristics. It was deduced that the main component of purified bioflocculant was polysaccharide through infrared spectrophotometry and GC-MS analysis. The bioflocculant KL9-1-3 can effectively deal with oily wastewater, and the corresponding maximum removal rates of oil and COD for oily wastewater were 74.1% and 42.9%, respectively, under the optimum conditions of bioflocculant dosage 0.2 mL/L, pH 10.0, temperature 40°C, and Ca2+ as the coagulant.


In response to the ever-increasing costs of drug discovery and development, pharmaceutical industry leaders must constantly seek to increase productivity while simultaneously reducing costs and maintaining quality. Globalisation of drug discovery may provide such an opportunity, through the conduct of costly R&D activities in emergent economies at a fraction of the cost of the West. This report provides an overview of the current environment for pharmaceutical R&D activities in India, including the intellectual property regime, infrastructure, education and research and development, and seeks to challenge the perception of India as a 'contract research workshop'. Although there are considerable challenges that must be overcome, by describing both what is possible today and presenting what has already been achieved by various global pharmaceutical companies, we advocate that India actually has the potential to become a significant global R&D powerhouse of the 21st century.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the experiential dimension of certain Italian agrofood products' websites, which are seen as exemplifying best practices in the terms of the representation of the brand-land relationship, including their link with the territory of origin in the sense of terroir. Design/methodology/approach – The study was conducted after the conception and experimentation of a model (called SObER), the fruit of detailed studies of experiential marketing (Schmitt, 1999a, b). The model was tested using the user-based focus group technique (Mich, 2007) and verified with reference to certain consortia brands considered to reflect best practices in communication of the brand-land connection. Findings – The analysis made it possible to identify the key elements for expressing both the experiential dimension and the brand-land relationship of traditional agrofood products, ensuring their effective online communication. Research limitations/implications – Although the research...


Resonance Raman (RR) and absorption spectra and cyclic voltammograms were measured for 1,4-benzoquinone (BQ) and its anion radical (BQ-•) in various solvents. The absorption maxima of BQ-• around 440 and 320 nm exhibit a good linear correlation both with acceptor numbers (AN) of solvents and the standard reduction potentials of BQ. The wavenumbers of ν8a (Wilson's notation, C=C stretch) and ν9a (C–H in-plane deformation) of BQ show linear correlations with the polarizabilities and dielectric constants of solvents, respectively. The ν8a and ν7a (C=O stretch) wavenumbers of BQ-• can be linearly correlated with solvent AN. In addition, the standard reduction potentials of BQ also show good linear correlations with both solvent AN and wavenumbers of ν8a of BQ-•. These results cannot be interpreted by simple hydrogen bonding interactions of carbonyl oxygen with solvent but rather suggest that the π-electrons of BQ-• and BQ serve as an H-bond acceptor, forming novel H-bonds with the solvent. The magnitude of the novel H-bond interaction is estimated to be ca. 7 and ca. 3.5 kcal mol-1 or less for BQ-• and BQ in water, respectively. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.