The ELI-ELBA scientific program is devoted to the experimental investigation of different fundamental scientific problems by using a combination of multi-PW and sub-PW lasers available at the ELI-Beamlines research facility. The core plasma technology used is laser wakefield acceleration, which is needed to produce ultra-relativistic electron beams in extremely short distances by using very high accelerating gradients (>100 MeV/mm). ELI-ELBA experiments driven by multi-PW laser systems aim at the acceleration of multi-GeV electron beams for counter-propagating them with intense (>1020 W/cm2) laser pulses in order to study novel regimes of electromagnetic field interaction with matter and quantum vacuum. Different techniques of electron injection inside the plasma wave are investigated and compared, with the goal of producing stable and reproducible electron beams. Among the techniques investigated, the best results have been obtained with shock assisted ionization injection, where the injection of the electron inside the plasma waves is limited transversally by the ionization potential of high Z gas and longitudinally by plasma density tailoring.(/p)(p)ELI-ELBA experiments driven by TW laser systems aim at the understanding of laser wakefield acceleration in near critical density plasmas. Moreover, these laser systems can be operated at kHz repetition rate, resulting in an increased average beam power which is of interest for multi-disciplinary applications of laser wakefield acceleration, including medical imaging, radiobiology, and non-destructive testing. In order to successfully perform laser wakefield acceleration with TW kHz laser systems, the laser time duration has to be carefully tuned. In fact, single cycle laser pulses will limit the accelerating length and, on the other hand, laser pulses longer than the plasma wavelength might lead to laser defocusing induced by the plasma waves. (/p)(p)In the presentation the actual status of the beamline will be presented, along with recent experimental and theoretical results obtained as part of the group activity.


We read with great interest the paper by Arora et al. reporting the results of a12-month multicenter Scandinavian study on the qualitative evaluation of the influence of everolimus on cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) morphology among heart transplant (HTx) recipients with a long follow up of >5 years post-HTx. (1). With the use of virtual histology (VH) (2,3), the authors revealed a significant increase in calcified and necrotic tissue component in intimal lesions of the everolimus group of HTx patients compared to controls, while the overall plaque volume was not affected at all. Calcified and necrotic components of the plaques were considered by the authors as a result of the inflammatory tissue component of the plaque, and their findings on VH were indeed accompanied by a parallel rise in plasma levels of the markers for endothelial cell activation vWF and VCAM. Intriguing in this study is that the increase in calcified and necrotic components was more prominent in those patients who had a longer time since HTx (>5 years). As recognized also by the authors, CAV lesions are pathologically heterogeneous and can be characterized by a prevalence of fibrous/ fibrocellular pattern or a more atheroma-like pattern. Studies on native atherosclerotic plaques have shown that the cellular microenvironment differs significantly in these two type of lesions and that they can also be affected differently by everolimus (4).


This paper describes modelling technology and its use in providing data governing the assembly of flip-chip components. Details are given on the reflow and curing stages as well as the prediction of solder joint shapes. The reflow process involves the attachment of a die to a board via solder joints. After a reflow process, underfill material is placed between the die and the substrate where it is heated and cured. Upon cooling the thermal mismatch between the die, underfill, solder bumps, and substrate will result in a nonuniform deformation profile across the assembly and hence stress. Shape predictions then thermal solidification and stress prediction are undertaken on solder joints during the reflow process. Both thermal and stress calculations are undertaken to predict phenomena occurring during the curing of the underfill material. These stresses may result in delamination between the underfill and its surrounding materials leading to a subsequent reduction in component performance and lifetime. Comparisons between simulations and experiments for die curvature will be given for the reflow and curing process.


Physical vapor deposited (PVD) Cu seed layers have been successfully implemented for Cu gap-fill in feature sizes for the 2x nm flash devices. By tuning the incident angle of the incoming flux of Cu ions as well as utilizing the resputtering parameter, the overhang, sidewall coverage and asymmetry can be well controlled to enable complete fill by subsequent electrochemical deposition (ECD). Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) Cobalt (Co) films were also investigated as an enhancement layer for Cu gap-fill. It was observed that the insertion of a 1.5nm-thick CVD Co layer, deposited between a PVD Ta barrier and a Cu seed layer could effectively enhance gap-fill in the small geometry trench/via structures. The CVD Co enhancement layer could also significantly improve the electromigration (EM) resistance of the Cu interconnects. The Chemical Mechanical Polish (CMP) process was also developed to provide an integrated solution.


Grapes (Vitis vinifera) have been used as a model system for understanding ripening and ripening-related physiological disorders in fleshy fruit; hence, a comparative analysis was undertaken to explore the mechanistic basis of a paradoxical ripening phenomenon of grape berries known as suppression of uniform ripening (SOUR) shrivel. Fruit organoleptic attributes coupled with morphology and structure, and tissue organization in various organs of healthy and afflicted field-grown grapevines were examined using a range of microscopy techniques. As opposed to healthy berries, SOUR shrivel berries were flaccid and had the lowest pH and lowest levels of sugars, potassium (K), and malic acid that paralleled with a significant reduction in the synthesis of anthocyanin. On the other hand, titratable acidity, tartaric acids, and tannins were much higher than perfectly healthy berries. The SOUR shrivel cluster tinged its rachis red but held no relationship with flaccidity of the berries because healthy vines totally devoid of SOUR shrivel clusters also displayed same coloration. Furthermore, although the phloem sieve tubes in both cases were plugged with callose, a carbohydrate generally implicated in impeding translocation in phloem, the afflicted grapevines exhibited relatively more plugged sieve tubes. The study revealed that the spatiotemporal configuration of cell and tissue communities determining the structure–function relationship remained intact in afflicted vines throughout the growing season. However, the functionality, especially of flows in phloem sieve tubes, started to decelerate after veraison (initiation of ripening) most likely as a result of early activation of callose synthesis and subsequently plugging of sieve plates during the remaining course of ripening. Hence, in future studies, a broader analysis of phloem sieve tubes entailing its flows and ultrastructure in phloem-girdled grapevines simulating symptoms of SOUR shrivel is needed to characterize the mechanistic basis of SOUR shrivel. Fruit, a major evolutionary acquisition, are designed to execute a plant's evolutionary plan of perpetuating the likeness of species for population persistence, and they do so by functioning as baits to frugivores whose predatory action mediates seed dispersal. This adaptive trait seems to be the underlying selective force in the evolution of fleshy fruit attractive to animals (Rodrıguez et al., 2013). Because humans are ancestrally derived from frugivorous primates (Dudley, 2004), these alluring organoleptic and nutritional communicative traits, in effect, intended for reproductive success, also appeal intuitively to their sense of aesthetics and liking, for instance berries of grapevine, grapes as fresh and dry fruit, and wine. Among all the sensorial ripening traits, the total soluble solids (TSS) are the most sought-after attributes as a result of their close relationship with organoleptic quality of fruit. The major components of TSS are soluble sugars, glucose (predominant substrate for fermentation), and fructose and organic acids such as tartaric and malic (Coombe, 1992; Kader, 1999). These compounds vary both spatially and temporally during the normal course of ripening to yield desirable fruit qualities. Because of their organoleptic values, TSS along with flavonoids and volatile aroma compounds have traditionally functioned as the universal set of criteria for judging fruit for commercial harvesting, especially grapes (Ribéreau-Gayon et al., 2000). For fruit to attain a morphocompositional aesthetic appeal through cytological and compositional modifications of the parenchymatous tissues for commercial use like in making wine from grapes, it is imperative that fruit undergo unhindered the highly organized events of ripening. Failure to do so results in numerous ripening disorders marked by a wide range of undesirable physical and quality attributes (Watkins, 2007). Some well-known examples of physiological disorders that reduce fresh market quality include blossom end rot of tomato [Solanum lycopersicum (Guichard et al., 2001; Ho et al., 2010)], split and shattered pits and double fruit of peach [Prunus persica (Ceponis et al., 1987)], albino and malformed fruit of strawberry [Fragaria · ananassa (Singh et al., 2007)], etc. Even the cultivated grapevines, the most ancient and widely known fruit crop of commercial importance (This et al., 2006), develops several physiological disorders. For instance, the bunch stem necrosis, also known as water berry, is the oldest known affliction (Bioletti, 1923). Other ripening physiopathies that render grapes qualitatively incompetent include sunburn, dehydration, and SOUR shrivel (Bondada and Keller, 2012a; Krasnow et al., 2010). Common to all these disorders is shriveling of the pericarp; however, each shrivel type is distinct (Bondada and Keller, 2012a). As yet, there are no known causes for any of these disorders. Among the many Received for publication 20 May 2014. Accepted for publication 23 June 2014. Financial support for this study was provided by the Wine Advisory Committee, the Washington Wine Commission. Corresponding author. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com. J. AMER. SOC. HORT. SCI. 139(5):567–581. 2014. 567 unexplained shrivel disorders that the grape and wine industry are grappling with today, none is more paradoxical and economically detrimental to fruit quality than SOUR shrivel (Bondada and Keller, 2012a, 2012b), also known as berry shrivel (Hall et al., 2011; Knoll et al., 2010), and sugar accumulation disorder (Krasnow et al., 2009) in viticulture parlance. This physiopathy is relatively a recent and lesser known oddity but has gained much notoriety for being the most perplexing ripening enigma of modern viticulture afflicting both red and white cultivars (Bondada and Keller, 2012b) and hybrids (Griesser et al., 2012) worldwide (Bachteler et al., 2013). The key aspect of SOUR shrivel is that it renders afflicted clusters unusable both by humans and the seed dispersers, the avian frugivores, who as humans adopted similar criteria for fruit choice, particularly of preferring hexoses over sucrose (Wilson and Downs, 2012). Typical symptoms of SOUR shrivel include flaccid berries caused by the loss of membrane competence in the mesocarp cells, high osmotic potential resulting from low accumulation of sugars and thus increased sourness, reduced levels of color, amino and oxalic acids, and very often the berries develop an off-flavor (Bondada and Keller, 2012b; Griesser et al., 2012; Knoll et al., 2010; Krasnow et al., 2009). In a given block, yield loss can be up to 50% (Bondada et al., 2009). What precisely causes such physiological, biochemical, and structural changes are not known. In the context of climate change scenarios (Jones et al., 2010), the incidence of SOUR shrivel is likely to exacerbate in the foreseeable future and with no known clues, the vexation will escalate among grape growers and viticulturists. Consequently, there is an urgent need for preventive measures by exploring its mechanistic basis before it blights the productivity of vineyards around the world. This article compares the structure and morphology between healthy and afflicted shoots including clusters by using techniques of light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) concomitant with compositional analysis of fruit to determine whether a functional link exists between vine structure and the incidence of SOUR shrivel. The rationale for such a line of inquiry lay in the fact that success in understanding the underlying mechanisms with which they provoke any affliction requires histological analysis, a microscopic tool routinely used in examining physiological disorders of fruit including grapes (Agusti et al., 2001; Freeman, 1976; Miqueloto et al., 2014; Rogiers et al., 2004). This methodology will not only aid in assessing yield and quality losses of SOUR shrivel affliction, but also in providing clues to ripening disorders of other fruit that share analogous symptomatology and eventually in planning preventive measures to curb the overall rising incidence of fruit disorders. Fig. 1. Photographs of a (A) healthy 'Cabernet Sauvignon' grape cluster showing spherical berries attached to the rachis with healthy pedicels, (B) 'Cabernet Sauvignon' grape cluster wherein the berries are wholly afflicted with suppression of uniform ripening (SOUR) shrivel, but the cluster framework remained healthy (inset, a single SOUR shrivel-afflicted berry resembling a deflated soccer ball), stereomicrographs showing (C) longitudinal section of a healthy berry with a seed overlain by anthocyanins, and (D) longitudinal section of a SOUR shrivel berry with collapsed and nonviable mesocarp that disorganized the vascular bundles but the mesocarp within the vicinity of seeds remained healthy (inset). Scale bars: 10 mm (A–B), 1 mm (B inset), 1 mm (C–D). 568 J. AMER. SOC. HORT. SCI. 139(5):567–581. 2014. Materials and Methods PLANT MATERIAL. Commercial vineyards with mature ownrooted V. vinifera cultivars Cabernet Sauvignon and Grenache located near Benton City, WA (lat. 46 15#47.48$ N, long. 119 29#16.09$ W) were chosen for anatomizing SOUR shrivel disorder during the 2011–13 growing seasons. This vineyard was chosen because these vines consistently exhibited incidences of all physiological ripening disorders including SOUR shrivel. The vineyards had vine by row spacing of 1.83 · 2.74 m on a uniformly deep (greater than 1 m) loamy fine sand. Vines were trained to bilateral cordon, which entailed training the vines in both directions along the cordon (an extension of the trunk) wire from the trunk and were drip-irrigated during the growing season. Training in viticulture parlance refers to the design and development of a grapevine framework. The shoots emerging from the cordon were positioned vertically using catch wires. Vines were spur-pruned during winter; i.e., canes (a mature woody and lignified stem from


In the traditional research on spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks, a channel is determined occupied by a primary user (PU) once a signal is detected, but this is not always true. There is a fair likelihood that the channel is being used by a secondary user (SU). To accurately reflect the channel status, it is significant to distinguish whether a signal from a PU or an SU on a busy channel. In this paper, we propose an Angle of Arrival (AoA) based sensing approach using the smart antenna technology. Specifically, an SU is equipped with a smart antenna and hence is capable of distinguishing the arrival angles from all incoming signals. Therefore, if the angle/direction information of the target PU is provided in advance, an SU is able to determine that a received signal is from the PU or other users by analyzing the incoming angles. We select the CAPON AoA algorithm as an example to demonstrate the effectiveness. Further, we comprehensively investigate the sensing performance including false alarm probability and miss detection probability, which has received limited attention. Extensive simulations are conducted and results demonstrate the effectiveness of the AoA based spectrum sensing approach. The limitation of this approach is pointed out as well.


In this paper,an electrolytic coloring technology of deep green thin for cast aluminum ZL105 was discovered in copper nickel salty solution by selecting and improving traditional technology conditions.This technology is economic and convenient.


Europe; helping as nothing else can to explain why certain political changes on the map of the Continent, while necessary, are not easy and need time for their achieving. This paper is the first to appear of what will be a series, to which a general introduction in English is available in the undersigned's volume, recently published in New England, The Drama qf Upper Silesia. An interesting commentary on the same theme is furnished by a paper by Jan Szczepanski on the "Transition from Home to School," based on a sheaf of life stories written by the youth of Upper Silesia in response to an offer of prizes. Peoples like the Finns, the Poles, the Czechs, the Dutch-indeed, the number is legion-have us Anglo-Saxons at a serious disadvantage. They know all about our thinking since they learn our tongue-as they do French and German-from schooldays onward, while we know next to nothing about them. This sort of thing ought not to go on, and some way should be found to make-if only through translations, or even abstracts of original work-the results of what we call " foreign " scientific work known to wider circles of our lands. At least we could have someone with us from time to time who can tell us in English about what is going on. Lack of means is an obstacle, but it is not insuperable. The single suggestion will be made here that London should have at least once a year some sociologist of note lecturing for a week or two on what his people are doing. Let us start with Znaniecki of Poznan, or Kozak of Prague. We should be the richer for the effort. WILLIAM J. RosE.


Colman has written many excellent works. Some of them are concerning about men?s matter, Man and Wife (1769), The Man of Bussiness (1774), and The English Merchant (1767). And The Jealous Wife is one of his best plays. Colman has an extra attention towards men?s matter. I am interesting in choosing him because he writes many excellent works by collaborating, adapting and translating other literary works. The story is about a man that loves his wife unconditionally. He loves her just the way she is. On the contrary, his wife always treats him badly. Someday, he has to decide an important decision. He has to help a beautiful woman from her father?s anger. Then, without concerning his wife?s jealousy he decides to help her. Surprisingly, his wife realizes all her mistakes, and asks his forgiveness. The Jealous Wife has made the readers see Mrs. Oakly?s only a victim patriarchal ideology. That?s why I choose it for my main topic to discuss. The study will analyze in what ways Mrs. Oakly?s actions and speeches dominate her husband, and how she actually only becomes the victim of patriarchal ideology. Through the study I will convince the readers that Mrs.Oakly does not dominate her husband. She only becomes a victim of patriarchal ideology. To do this study, I have to use definition of dominance and definition of patriarchy, and also literary approach, namely characterization and conflict to support my analysis. The analysis consists of two parts. First, I will discuss about Mrs. Oakly?s daily life, which is on the surface has dominated her husband?s life. The second discussion is about the proof that Mrs. Oakly?s actions and speeches are only showing her weaknesses as the subordinate in the patriarchal society. And how she actually only becomes the victim of patriarchal ideology. The conclusion will be the proof that she does not dominate her husband and she is only showing her weaknesses as the victims of patriarchal ideology.


In a massive study, Benjamin Ziemer has launched a scathing stricture of redaction criticism in Old Testament studies. Based on comparative material from an impressive range of Ancient Near Eastern, biblical, early Jewish and early Christian literature, he maintains that diachronic research is unable to deliver meaningful reconstructions that reach more than one stage of textual development behind the present biblical text. Moving beyond that boundary would amount to unfettered speculation. While his appraisal is overwhelmingly negative, there is one biblical book on which he endeavors to devise a redaction-critical hypothesis of his own: the book of Jeremiah. The article evaluates Ziemer's theory on Jeremiah and draws some general conclusions regarding the validity of his verdict on traditional redaction-critical research.


Author(s): Nguyen, Alice Thu Thao | Abstract: High pressure and low temperatures, both of which are inherent to the deep ocean, are fundamental physical parameters to which organisms must adapt, but increased hydrostatic pressure is especially unique to the depths of the ocean. The elusive deep marine environment is home to a plethora of piezophilic ("pressure-loving") microorganisms with incredible physiological adaptations, but unfortunately they are yet still poorly understood. This study documents the selection of an Escherichia coli population, designated L62A, following experimental directed evolution using increasingly higher pressure treatments at 37°C. After 62 transfers and 504 generations, a strain from the L62A population, AN62-1 was obtained at 62 MPa (megapascals), correlating to a hadal depth of 6,124 meters. Through detailed growth studies, it was determined that AN62-1 is piezotolerant and, in contrast to its parental strain, can grow robustly at 59 MPa. AN62-1 has unique colony and internal cell morphology, increased production of monounsaturated fatty acids, and a mutation in the acpP gene, which encodes acyl-carrier protein. This study provides a novel strain of E. coli for future investigations of high-pressure adaptation and demonstrates the feasibility of directed evolution to assess microbial growth adaptation as a function of hydrostatic pressure


The systematic studies on long - lasting effects of application of Suteling Bt biological insecticides to prevent and control were conducted in Wenjia farm of Xingcheng city in Liaoning. The results showed that: the killing effects of Suteling were not only great for larvas of DendroLimus sp. , which reached 90.3 % ~ 96.3 % , but available during pupa and insect stages. the death rate of pupa in prevention was 25 % higher than that in control trails, and featherization rate of insect and yield of eggs were curbed, which proved that Bt biological insecticides was of long - lasting effects for prevention and control Dendrolimus sp. .


The aim of this thesis was to develop and improve flow cytometry-based methods for assessment of cell-mediated immune responses (CMI) induced by natural infection or vaccination. Traditionally, the measurement of antigen-specific cellular immune responses has been based on the use of complex, labour-intensive, and less informative bulk-results assays (Cr-release, H-thymidin uptake and Limiting dilution assay, LDA). Alternative techniques for assessment have been developed (tetramerstaining, ELISspot, intracellular cytokine staining, ICS), with pros and cons for each system. We have focused on the assessment of cytokine production and cytolytic capacity, two activities of importance for evaluation of CMI to viral infections, especially HIV. Flow cytometry technology offers the possibility for simultaneous analysis of multiple characteristics and functions of single cells at high rate. We have developed two lytic assays for the assessment of natural killer (NK) cell mediated and HIV-antigen-specific T-cell mediated cytotoxicity (FC-CTL). In the NK cell assay, the cell populations are separated by post-culture immunophenotyping and cell death is detected by uptake of propidium iodide (PI), which permits the combined assessment of NK cell lysis and conjugate formation between target and effector cells. The assay is sensitive, very easy to perform and more informative than other lytic assays. The FC-CTL is based on dual staining with 5-(and –6)carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester, CFSE (for tracing target cells) and PI (for cell-death), which permits identification of several cell populations including viable and dead target cells at different stages of cell-death; live and dead effector cells; and also enumeration of lysed 'notdetectable' target cells. Determination of HIV-specific cytolysis is based on the enumeration of viable target cells rather than percentage of dead cells as commonly used for other assays. The FC-CTL is well correlated to, but more sensitive than the conventional Cr-release assay. The standard procedure for ICS is based on short-term (6h) activation of PBMCs or undiluted whole blood. We performed kinetic studies of cytokine production with regard to incubation time and dilution of whole blood samples for specific and non-specific activation. We consistently recorded higher frequencies of responding T-cells in samples of diluted blood (1/5-1/10) cultured for several days (long-term (LT-ICS), as compared to short-term incubation. The increased levels of cytokines, in particular IFN-γ with peak detection at 72h, are due to expansion of the antigen specific cytokine-producing cells. The new assays (LT-ICS and FC-CTL) and conventional methods (ELIspot and Cr-release) were subsequently applied for a study of HIV-1 infected (>5 years) treatment-naive individuals with CD4 T-cell counts >400 and with low or high viral load. The levels of IFN-γ responses and cytolytic activity were consistently higher in subjects with low viral load, against all HIV-antigen tested (Gag, Nef and avipox-based antigens), as assessed by all methods employed. By the LT-ICS (48h), the difference between the two patient-groups was statistically significant for CD4 T-cell responses against all HIV-antigens tested. The strong HIV-specific cell-mediated immune responses found in subjects with stable CD4 T-cell counts and low viral load, support the idea that strong HIV-1-specific cellular immunity is protective. Both cytolytic assays and the LT-ICS can be further expanded for simultaneous assessment of several different molecules expressed on cell-surface or present intracellularly, especially if the 3-4laser flow cytometers with ability to detect up to 18 colours are utilized. The new assays presented in this thesis will be valuable tools for research regarding evaluation of CMI against viral infections such as HIV and for monitoring in vaccine studies, in particular if immune responses may appear at low levels. The NK cell cytotoxicity assay has been further developed for use of whole blood and is now employed for a study of the role of innate immunity for control of herpes simplex infection, and the LT-ICS will be used as one of the assays for evaluation of CMI in a phase I HIV-1 vaccine trial in Stockholm.


It investigates the changes in activities of pectin polygalacturonase(PG) and Cellulase(Cx) of soybean exposed to Cd,enhanced UV-B radiation and combination of Cd and UV-B radiation(FH).The results showed that different treatments(Cd,UV-B and FH) inhibited seeding hight,dry and fresh weight;UV-B radiation could decrease elongation of root;FH stress slightly increased elongation of root but decreased dry and fresh weight of roots.The activites of PG and Cx in leaves were inhibited after exposed to Cd for 6 d,and the actity of Cx in leaves was inhibited after exposed to UV-B and FH for 6 d;FH stress(3 d) promoted activites of PG and Cx in roots while Cd or UV-B alone did not change activities of PG and Cx.The results also indicated that Cd,enhanced UV-B radiation and combination of Cd and UV-B could alter cell wall degrading enzymes activities,in turn alter plant growth.


Gland Surgery 2012;1(3):156-158 www.glandsurgery.org Breast cancer is not anymore regarded as a single disease, but consists of diverse subtypes that can be defined by using immunohistochemistry. Risk factors that should determine the onset of chemotherapy include positive lymph node status, high histological grade, high proliferation as measured by Ki-67, low hormone receptor status, positive Her2/neu status, and "triple negative" status (1). But, although adjuvant chemotherapy has an important role in patients with early breast cancer in whom the use of chemotherapy is explicitly indicated, its optimal duration has yet to be defined. In 1990 Fisher and co-workers showed that four cycles of doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide (AC) are equally effective compared to six cycles of cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, fluorouracil (CMF) (2). Several subsequent studies confirmed this approach. The application of AC was generally accepted because of its shorter treatment duration, its better tolerability and an absolute difference in recurrence, breast cancer mortality, and overall mortality at 5 years of 3% compared to CMF (3,4). Over the time many improvements and new insights in adjuvant chemotherapy have been achieved. In 2005 the Early Breast Cancer Trialists' Collaborative Group (EBCTCG) analysis of adjuvant polychemotherapy demonstrated a survival advantage for anthracycline-based adjuvant regimens compared with non-anthracycline-based regimens. In younger women (<50 years of age) with nodepositive disease, antineoplastic therapy reduces the risk of recurrence by 37%. In older women (≥50 years of age) in whom the effects of polychemotherapy are not confounded by the anti-endocrine effects of ovarian suppression, antineoplastic therapy decreases the recurrence risk by 23% and 17% in node-negative and node-positive disease, respectively (4,5). For more than two decades anthracycline containing chemotherapy was the back bone of adjuvant chemotherapy, but a prospective randomized trial comparing different durations of the same chemotherapy schedule and dose was missing. To further resolve this issue Shulman and coworkers conducted a prospective randomized phase III trial using a 2×2 factorial design addressing the two questions (6): (I) whether six cycles of AC are superior to four cycles of AC and (II) whether the mono-therapy of paclitaxel (T) is equally effective to AC, but with reduced toxicity. The primary and secondary endpoints were relapse free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS), respectively. After a median follow-up of 5.3 years the adjusted hazard ratios for RFS and OS were 1.03 (95% CI, 0.84 to 1.28; P=0.77) and 1.12 (95% CI, 0.84 to 1.49; P=0.44), respectively. Toxicities were as expected. Haematological grade 3 and 4 adverse events were more commonly observed in patients receiving AC and neuropathy was more common in the paclitaxel arms compared with the AC arms. The authors finally conclude that there is no evidence that extending chemotherapy with AC from four to six cycles improves clinical outcome. Of interest, an unplanned subset analysis on the estrogen receptor (ER) and Her2/neu status did not alter the results in favor of six cycles of AC. In this context it is important to underline the fact that chemotherapy has an ovarian-suppressing effect. It could be Perspective


Our study is the first to examine the pricing effect of U.S. trade policy uncertainty (TPU) on Chinese stocks. We estimate the U.S. TPU beta, which measures Chinese stock exposure to the U.S. TPU index. Both portfolio analyses and cross-sectional regressions suggest a significantly negative relation between the U.S. TPU beta and expected returns, which cannot be explained by other pricing factors. The stocks in the lowest U.S. TPU beta quintile can generate 3.48% higher annual returns compared to stocks in the highest U.S. TPU beta quintile. Furthermore, we provide two potential mechanisms that include a real economy channel and a behavioral finance channel using vector autoregression models. Our results indicate that the negative premium can be explained by both demanding more of high TPU beta stocks in hedging against adverse effects from TPU and selling more of low TPU beta stocks due to pessimistic beliefs of noise trader.


The rates of escape of short-lived isotopes of xenon and krypton to the coolant from a deliberately defected UO2 fuel element are at least 100 times greater than the release rates for identical species within an intact element. The enhanced escape is consistent with accelerated transport mechanisms under defect conditions. The rate of escape to the coolant of radioiodines is less than that for the short-lived gases, reflecting strong bonding between the iodine species and internal UO2 and zirconium alloy surfaces.


The effect of annealing on the surface of SrTiO3 (100) substrates and initial growth of SrCuO2 thin films on the SrTiO3 were studied by reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The terraces of SrTiO3 (100) substrates annealed at 1000° C in O2 atmosphere has atomically flat surfaces with high crystallinity and steps one unit cell high (3.9 Å) . The deposition of SrCuO2 on the annealed substrates forms islands near the steps with a height of 4–7 Å resulting in surface roughening in spite of the flat substrate surface. By depositing Sr as a buffer layer on the annealed substrates, the flatness of SrCuO2 thin films was improved.


The magnetization and the target insert to the front end portion provided with a PCB circuit detector; The sensing unit is inserted into the front end is opened and through the open front end circuit PCB front end is exposed front housing; Is coupled to the rear side of the front housing, the front housing and the perimeter of the over-molding the rear housing; Hall sensor element coupled to the exposed PCB circuit shear; And a closing portion that is over-molded on the open front end of the front housing, the gear position detection switch and a manufacturing method including a is introduced.


South Korea's official development assistance (ODA) is "spread thinly" to many recipient countries. It's inbound education ODA is no exception. In spite of the growing number of long-term scholarship recipients, South Korea considers too many countries, regardless of geographical proximity, which reduces the program's effectiveness to manage and sustain aid. This contrasts sharply with the Japanese system in which only a small number of Asian countries are considered. The linking of scholarship allocation to priority partner countries that already lack concentration may be a contributing factor. Based on a gravity model and using a dataset of scholarship recipients funded by the Korea International Cooperation Agency and the Japanese International Cooperation Agency, this study examines the two ODA programs and recommends the establishment of an agency to focus on scholarship programs to enhance selection and concentration.


The occurrence of 16S rRNA gene mutations associated with resistance to tetracycline in H. pylori isolated in Bangladesh was investigated. Tetracycline susceptibility was determined by the agar dilution method. The 16S rRNA genes of these isolates were sequenced and analyzed. A tetracycline accumulation assay was performed. DNA sequence and transformation tests of nine tetracycline‐resistant (MIC = 2 μg/ml) Bangladeshi H. pylori clinical isolates showed that in no case was the resistance due to mutations in the 16S rRNA gene, the only known cause of tetracycline resistance in this pathogen. Tetracycline accumulation assays implicated altered uptake or efflux.


This paper has briefly introduced the new development of earthquake respond analysis research on long-span bridge structure,including the multi-spot excitation effect,the response analysis method,the earth-structure mutual interaction and the non-linear structure performance.In the hope of getting correct earthquake response analysis of long-span bridge,so as to improve its anti-seismic power.


1 Las Vegas and Monte Carlo algorithms Definition 1.1 A Las Vegas algorithm!Las Vegas algorithm is a randomized algorithms that always return the correct result. The only variant is that it's running time might change between executions. An example for a Las Vegas algorithm is the QuickSort algorithm. Definition 1.2 Monte Carlo algorithm!Monte Carlo algorithm is a randomized algorithm that might output an incorrect result. However, the probability of error can be diminished by repeated executions of the algorithm. The MinCut algorithm was an example of a Monte Carlo algorithm. If you do now know what are those things, you should read about them. Some of that is covered in the randomized algorithms book, and some other stuff is covered in any basic text on complexity theory. Definition 1.3 The class P consists of all languages L that have a polynomial time algorithm A, such that for any input Σ * , • x ∈ L ⇒ A(x) accepts. Definition 1.4 The class NP consists of all languages L that have a polynomial time algorithm A, such that for any input Σ * , • x ∈ L ⇒ then ∃y ∈ Σ * , A(x, y) accepts, where |y| (i.e. the length of y) is bounded by a polynomial in |x|. Definition 1.5 For a complexity class C, we define the complementary class co-C as the set of languages whose complement is in the class C.


Prostatic inflammation plays a crucial role on benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) pathogenesis and progression. In this study, BPH was induced by testosterone propinate in castrated rats for 8 weeks. Hot water extract from Curcuma longa L. (CL) was administered orally for 4 weeks along with positive controls, saw Palmetto and finasteride. CL supplementation induced histological changes, reduced expression of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, COX-2, and phospo-p65 in prostate tissue compared with the BPH group. These findings suggest that suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines could be attributed, at least partly, to the anti-inflammatory action of C. longa, and this action may be helpful to understand the inhibitory effect of Curcuma longa L. in BPH.


Starlike polystyrenes composed of a microgel core and arms terminated with benzophenone groups were used as organic supports for a tridentate bis(imino)pyridinyliron catalyst for ethylene polymerization in the presence of trimethylaluminum as a cocatalyst. The microgels were synthesized by the atom transfer radical polymerization of styrene initiated by 4-(1-bromoethyl)-benzophenone, with divinylbenzene as the crosslinker. The bromine polystyrene chain ends prevented the ethylene polymerization reaction and had to be removed. This was readily achieved with Cu0 together with dodecanethiol as a transfer agent. When used as supports in the presence of trimethylaluminum and 2,6-bis[1-2,6(diisopropylphenyl)imino]ethylpyridynyl iron, these bromine-free, functionalized polystyrene stars enabled the production of polyethylene beads of a spherical morphology and high bulk density with a catalytic activity similar to that under homogeneous reaction conditions. Moreover, the molar mass distribution of the polyethylene was narrow, suggesting limited transfer to trimethylaluminum. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 6997–7007, 2006


One reason to sequence the genomes of non-human organisms is to better understand our similarities and differences. And, at fi rst sight, it is hard to imagine a eukaryote more different from humans than Tetrahymena thermophila. A relative of Paramecium, this single-celled creature has a strong but fl exible exterior covered with rows of cilia; but it is inside where things seem to get really alien. Each cell contains not one but two nuclei: a micronucleus, which contains only fi ve chromosomes, and a macronucleus, which has more than 200. Biologists have long known that the micronucleus contains the DNA reserved for reproduction, and that the macronucleus arises from the micronucleus and controls the cell's other functions. During macronucleus formation (which happens each time the cells mate), each of the fi ve chromosomes splinters into multiple fragments, which in turn replicate to form many copies of the resulting smaller chromosomes. In a new study, Jonathan Eisen and a team of over 50 scientists report the full sequence of the macronuclear genome. The authors began by isolating DNA from purifi ed macronuclei (no mean feat in itself), and performed a " shotgun " sequence, splitting the DNA into millions of fragments, sequencing each of these, and then reconstructing the whole by using computers to match overlaps. They estimate that they have captured more than 95% of the genome, and conclude it is 105 million base pairs in length. The exact number of chromosomes is still at issue, though the authors present evidence that it lies between 185 and 287, and, based on the number of telomeres, is probably about 225. T. thermophila macronuclear chromosomes, unlike those in the micronucleus and other species, are highly unusual because they appear to lack centromeres, the regions that link chromosomal replicants and then guide their separation during mitosis and meiosis. This makes some sense, since the macronucleus undergoes neither process. Furthermore, they contain much less repetitive DNA than most other eukaryotes—about 2% of the total DNA, versus over 50% in humans—partly because most repetitive DNA is jettisoned during the formation of the macronucleus, when about 15% of micronuclear genomic DNA is excised. The authors provide evidence that excision targets not only repeated elements per se but also foreign DNA (such as " selfi sh " mobile DNA transposons) in particular, indicating the importance of this process in maintaining the integrity of the expressed genome from …


The possible deleterious effects of small amounts of ionizing radiation in the environment, which have resulted from the testing of nuclear weapons, as a part of our national defense effort are discussed. Present concepts of the biological effects of radiation are reviewed. It is pointed out that sensitivity to ionizing radiations varies from species to species, from strain to strain, and among individuals of the same strain. For whole organisms such as man there is a very real ability to recover from even sizable doses of high dose rate total body exposures. No level of radiation exposure below which no effect will occur can be established. Present evidence indicates that relatively low levels of radiation in the environment will not increase the incidence of leukemia by more than l or 2 cases per bone tumors and point mutations be increased appreciably. The average life span of a population would not be reduced by more than a few days at the most. (C.H.)


REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is characterized by dream enactment behaviors (DEB) and REM sleep without atonia (RSWA). A key structure in REM sleep muscle tone regulation in the rodent model is the sublateral dorsal (SLD) tegmental nucleus in the dorsomedial pons.1 Lesions of an analogous structure, the subceruleus (SC) nucleus are thought to mediate RSWA in humans, enabling DEB.1,2 However, in vivo human studies of discrete dorsomedial pontine lesions causing RBD in isolation have been limited.2–4 We report such a case of lesional RBD due to vasculitis. The Mayo Clinic Institutional Review Board approved this study.


From the point of view of EFT protagonists, progress is being made on all fronts. In the regulatory area, for example, some 26 states have passed enabling legislation that makes possible the installation of essentially all types of EFT equipment and defines the conditions under which installations can be made. In general, the effect of such legislation is either to remove the concept that an EFT terminal must be considered a branch or to make the branching requirement for installing most EFT equipment extremely modest.


This paper,according to the city highway"traflic jam"phenomenon,put forward early of-warn the mathematics model by mathematics theory and method,The system and science method processing traffic information are set up mainly by this model.The city highway transportation condition are monitored and forecasted scientifically,in time and accurately in order to reduce to the times of traffic jam and improve the quality of traffic supervision and city traffic service capacity.It is great significance to construct and develop the city transport.


Library resources that support research in the field of equine science and business. Library resources that provide access to newspaper, magazine, or journal articles


Costs for as many as seven SO2 control technologies were determined for each of the 66 existing or planned coal-fired utility units in the state of Illinois, and projected operations for each unit from 1983 through the year 2000 were obtained from production cost modeling runs or other data. The Sulfur Dioxide Emission Reduction Optimization Program (SEROP), a utility-specific marginal cost pollution control model developed at Wisconsin Power and Light Co., was used to calculate annual marginal control cost data for each individual utility, and statewide aggregate data. The potential market in emission reduction credits (ERC) was then analyzed for three acid deposition control strategies. It was determined that emissions trading sufficient to meet targeted emission levels for acid deposition control in an economically efficient manner will not occur under any of the strategies unless the desire for utilities to maintain control of their ERCs in future years is taken into account. This can only be accompli...


OBJECTIVE:To observe the efficacy of Methyl Carboprost-NEGPF administered per rectum at different time in preventing postpartum hemorrhage in patients with vaginal delivery.METHODS:A total of 300 parturients undergoing vagi-nal delivery with possible postpartum hemorrhage were enrolled:Methyl Carboprost-NEGPF 1 granule(1mg) per rectum (with a suitable inserting depth of 6 cm) were administered in Group A(n=100) when their uterine orifices were fully open and Group B(n=100) after fetal delivery,while Group C(n=100) were injected i.m with oxytocin 10IU after fetal delivery. The three groups were compared in respect of third stage labor duration,postpartum blood loss amount at 2h and 24h and case numbers with postpartum hemorrhage.RESULTS:As compared with Group A and Group B,Group C was significantly different in the duration of third stage of labor and postpartum blood loss amount at 2h and 24h(P0.05).And there were significant differences between Group A and Group B in the duration of third stage of labor,postpartum blood loss amount at 2h and 24h(P0.05).2 cases(2%) in Group A,5(5%) in Group B and 9(9%) in Group C had postpartum hemorrhage.CONCLUSI-ON:The efficacy of Methyl Carboprost-NEGPF per rectum was satisfactory for the prevention of postpartum hemorrhage in patients with vaginal delivery,with that administered before fetal delivery superior to that after fetal delivery.


Taradduf or synonyms are different word forms, but have the same meaning. This study uses the library method, researchers seek and record both from primary sources such as commentary studies, and secondary sources such as books, articles, and others. This research results that there are many similarities in meaning, but their functions and uses are different. Like the meaning of good in Indonesian, if studied in the Qur'an the word good has a different place and function.


The invention relates to a junction box for solar panels, with which the heat produced in the protecting diodes, MOSFETs, or other suitable power semiconductors of a solar panel is safely carried off. The electronic components are pressed against the housing (1) or into recesses (3) in the connection box that match the geometry of the components, by means of pressure elements, wherein there is electrical insulation, preferably a thermally conductive silicone rubber, between the housing (1) and the components.


A 7-DOF upper limb kinematical model is built based on Rigid Body Assumption method. A protocol is proposed to measurement and analysis the motion of upper limb using the optical capturing system and a new refined spatial kinematical Parameters algorithm. 13 basic actions of Activity of daily life (ADL) are studied based on the kinematical model and protocol.


In view of the risk of collision among intelligent bodies in autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) formation navigation, a non-collision and coordination control technology of autonomous underwater vehicle is proposed in this thesis, which includes the integration of various basic behaviors such as formation coordination control and non-collision strategy. First of all, the path tracking control technology based on cascade method and the coordination control method of parameter consistency are used to ensure the asymptotical stability of tracking error. And then, the collision avoidance strategy of HRVO algorithm is adopted so that AUVs can avoid the collision risk of common obstacles and other AUVs simultaneously. The simulation results show that the AUV formation with noncollision and coordination control technology can quickly converge to the respective reference paths and maintain the coordination of formation while avoiding collision risk.


Strong evidence indicates that amyloid beta (Aβ) inflicts its toxicity in Alzheimer's disease (AD) by promoting uncontrolled elevation of cytosolic Ca2+ in neurons. We have previously shown that synthetic Aβ42 oligomers stimulate abnormal intracellular Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum stores, suggesting that a similar mechanism of Ca2+ toxicity may be common to the endogenous Aβs oligomers. To investigate this possibility, we use human postmortem brain extracts from control and AD-affected patients and test their ability to trigger Ca2+ fluxes when injected intracellularly into Xenopus oocytes. Immunological characterization of samples from AD patients revealed elevated content of soluble Aβ oligomers, detected by the conformation-dependent OC-antibody, whereas no immunoreactivity was detected in the normal samples. Intracellular injection of brain extracts from control patients failed to trigger detectable changes in intracellular Ca2+. Conversely, brain extracts from AD patients triggered Ca2+ events consisting of local and global Ca2+ fluorescent transients rising within few seconds after injection and persisting for several seconds. Pre-incubation of brain extracts with the conformation specific OC antibody completely suppressed brain extract ability to trigger cytosolic Ca2+ events. Comparison of the elementary events triggered by brain extracts and synthetic Aβ42 oligomer showed comparable temporal evolution and amplitudes to events triggered by direct injection of IP3. Moreover, bath application of caffeine reversibly inhibited local and global Ca2+ signals in all the samples confirming the involvement of Ca2+ release from the ER. Analysis of the recorded Ca2+ fluorescence signals by computational modeling allowed quantification of the IP3 and Ca2+ generated by each sample. The model further shows that the abnormal increase of Ca2+ and IP3 may affect mitochondrial bioenergetics. These results, supports the hypothesis that endogenous amyloid oligomer contained in neurons of AD-affected brains may represent the toxic agents responsible for neurons malfunctioning and death, associated with the disruption of neuronal Ca2+ homeostasis.


In light of the conflicting findings in previous research on the influence of customer participation on employee job stress, it's a very meaningful study to explain the difference. Based on the role theory, two experiments were conducted in the MBA teachers. ANOVA was used to provide evidence that there was significant difference in the degree of employee job stress among the two levels of customer participation. Additionally, two-factor ANOVA revealed that role orientation and perspective taking can all coordinate the relationship between customer participation and employee job stress. So the argument is that enhancing role orientation and perspective taking can relieve employee job stress in customer participation.


Bulk Cu2O or cuprite is the only stable copper(I) compound present in plentiful amount in earth's crust. It is a challenging job to take bulk Cu2O to a nanoregime and to stabilize it in solution. No wonder that Cu2O in its nanoregime would act as a photocatalyst. We report a new synthetic protocol for the first time to obtain monodispersed, stable, exclusively cubic Cu2O nanoparticles in surfactant-free condition and its catalytic action for methylene blue (MB)−hydrazine reaction in aqueous medium. The blue color of the dye, MB, faded away upon the addition of hydrazine, producing colorless leuco methylene blue (LMB) indicating the progress of the redox reaction. The rate of this redox reaction has been found to be enhanced in the presence of the nanocatalyst, Cu2O. The success of the reaction demonstrates a simple 'clock reaction'. An oscillation between a blue MB color and colorless solution due to formation of LMB is observed on periodic shaking. This oscillation continues for over 15 cycles. Studies o...


We wish to thank Dr. Shakibi for his comments on the controversial subject of single ventricle. The references quoted in his correspondence share in common the definition of single ventricle which excludes tricuspid and mitral atresia. Other authors, however, have included atresia of the atrioventricular valves in their descriptions of the malformation.1-3 We chose to follow Engles's terminology in our case discussion. She states that " patients with single ventricle may have a common atnoventricular valve or two AV valves, either of which may be stenosed or even atretic."


A method for forming a container (556; 598) having an injection molded (560; 600) feature comprising: providing a sheet without recording (608); placing said sheet unetched in a forming tool (562), comprising unacavidad (606) capable of receiving a sheet unrecorded tray (608), a core (604) connected manerafuncional said cavity being capable tool core into said cavity to form the menosparcialmente sheet without recording in the container, an injection cavity (566; 590) having a decirculacion advanced fluid (570) section and a circulation delayed fluid (572), said decirculacion advanced fluid (570) section having a larger cross section than said section of delayed defluido circulation (572), said flow section delayed fluid (572) comprises a flange section (574) capable of receiving a rim of said sheet unetched and a resin section (576) to form only unaseccion resin injection molded feature, said resin section extending laterally from said flange section; thereby closing said tool while the sheet without recording estaen said tool pressing the sheet unetched between said cavity (606) and said core (604) modoque said sheet without recording it is formed into a three-dimensional article is in said closed tool, having three-dimensional article at least one side wall (440, 422; 446, 448; 460) having a bordesuperior and a connected flange foldably to sidewall at the upper edge, corresponding elborde top of the at least one side wall to a upper surface of the three-dimensional article and rebordecomprende at least a portion of the top surface of three dimensional article, the section decirculacion advanced fluid being in contact with the side wall and at least a portion of the flange; thereby forming said injection molded in said article while said article is in the closed dichaherramienta feature, the formation comprising injecting resin into said injection cavity so laresina flowing section advanced circulation fluid with a flow rate higher than the resin in the decirculacion delayed fluid section in the container, only the resin section, the upper surface delreborde, and the upper edge of the side wall comprises the upper surface of the container; and entoncesretirar said article with said injection molded feature that tool.


The purposes of this study were to determine the relations of mechanical drawing to other courses taught in the junior high schools of the North Texas area and to propose an outline for a course of study in junior high school mechanical drawing that will have a high relationship with other courses.


As the first place winner in the 1979 Computing Center Newsletter Contest, the University of Colorado Computing Center served as the judging site for the 1980 contest. This presentation will summarize Colorado's experiences in coordinating the contest.


Thank you for reading the black anglo saxons. As you may know, people have look hundreds times for their favorite readings like this the black anglo saxons, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some malicious bugs inside their laptop. the black anglo saxons is available in our book collection an online access to it is set as public so you can get it instantly. Our books collection hosts in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the the black anglo saxons is universally compatible with any devices to read.


THE greenbug (Toxoptera graminum Rondani)' has been a sporadic but serious pest in small grains in central and southwestern United States since it was first reported in 1882 (9). Considerable effort has been applied to studying the inheritance of res i s tance to greenbugs and locating the resistance genes in barley. Numerous barley strains have been developed which possessed greenbug resistance but, in general, the agronomic characters of these strains have been disappointing. These results suggest that linkage may be a barrier to developing greenbug resistant varieties with desirable agronomic characters. This paper reports upon the inheritance and possible linkage relationships of greenbug resistance with known linkage groups (5).


This paper explores the heterogeneity of resource efficiency and investigate the associations of productivity and efficiency in relationship to ownership, region and access to capital within the Chinese manufacturing sector. We use the Hicks- Moorsteen Index to decompose within a firm efficiency conditional on ownership, sectors, and provinces for the period from 1998 until 2007. The results show a high heterogeneity of labor and capital resource efficiency among the firms. The pace of economic growth required capital investment in the sector. The consolidated results show higher misallocation of capital for State Owned Enterprises (SOEs) compared to private firms. The factor accumulation within SOEs contributed to a higher deterioration of resources. Our findings indicate necessity for growth in efficiency and support policy development for improved resource reallocation.


For each wire, two each to the fixed and the pair of contacts and the wiring of the articulation device, the wiring breaker type having a control lever of the contact between the first distant position and a second contact position the instantaneous trip device for protecting electrical equipment. The electrical device is electrically connected between the connected coupling device in its contacts with the movable contact, against the means (10) back to act on it in the open position, the fixed yoke (2) and the movable pallet ( through the magnetic circuit forming a planar appearance of a loop with a 3), the pallet (3) is locked in the trip device when in contact attracted to the stationary portion of the loop (2) (11) and wherein the actuating. .FIELD 1


The effects of content and sequence distribution of residual acetyl groups in the polymer chain, and carbonyl content of polyvinyl alcohol, on the emulsion polymerisation of vinyl acetate in the presence of polyvinyl alcohol were investigated.

Properties of modified polyvinyl alcohol grades as a protective colloid were also studied.

Results show that the viscosity, particle size, stability and the freeze-thaw stability of the emulsion are determined largely by the fine chemical structure of the polyvinyl alcohol used in the polymerisation.


Tour is closely related with quality education.To advocate traveling activity among youngsters is not only an objective demand of quality education,but also an important way to develop the national economy.


Venezuela has been ranked as a potential oil producer country thanks to its huge reserves of conventional and unconventional oils. Conventional reservoirs with complex fluid systems, located in the North of Monagas state, where it is possible to observe thick fluid columns with significant compositional gradients (showing changes from gas condensate to non-mobile oil-Tar mat). In these types of reservoirs EOR methods such as miscible gas flooding have been successfully applied to compensate pressure decline and avoid asphaltene deposition issues.
 Production of unconventional oils, the largest highly-viscous oil reservoir of La Faja Petrolifera del Orinoco (La FPO), demands great challenges. Discovered in the 1930's, the first rigorous evaluations of this reservoir started in the 1980s [1]; those huge deposits of highly viscous oils were considered technically and economically unattractive at that time. Due to production decline of conventional oil reservoirs, efforts are being done by the Venezuelan National Oil Company and collaborators to develop EOR projects to achieve increasing oil production in unconventional (heavy and extra-heavy) reservoirs, being the most promising options thermal and chemical EOR methods.
 Some authors agree that in the FPO, only 40–65% (depending on the site) of the oil-bearing formations is suitable for thermal EOR methods. Recent works have been showing the potential of chemical EOR for extra-heavy oils in La FPO [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9], mostly for mobility control and mobilization of residual oil.
 This work presents a literature review of the EOR projects in Venezuela for conventional and highly viscous oils, based on both lab and field experiences, and the perspectives for applications to increase Venezuelan oil production.


Tomographic techniques are most frequently used as a research tool but they are now being implemented in industrial environments. A development of sensor design and manufacturing procedures for electrical tomography is described. Issues such as sensor multi-modality, robustness and maintenance are addressed and illustrated by examples of sensor design for the oil and chemical industries. These sensors were constructed for imaging and controlling multi-phase and multicomponent processes at elevated temperatures and pressures in an environment where an acute deposition may occur. The paper discusses two important and diverse issues namely multi-modality and a development of on-line and in-situ electrode cleaning methods.


We have proposed and demonstrated experimentally a novel semiconductor photodetector based on fully depleted silicon-on-insulator (FD-SOI) substrate. The device utilizes the interface coupling effect uniquely found in FD-SOI MOSFET, in which the photo-generated electrons accumulate at the top interface modulate the hole current at the bottom interface. The responsivity of this device reaches more than 1×104 A/W and, unlike other photodetectors based on SOI substrate, increases as the top silicon layer thickness reduces.


The present article is concerned with the research results of the chronicles of N. Krupskaya Astrakhan Regional Research Library, representing history of the largest regional library of the Volga region in the context of development of the country librarianship as well as regional culture.


An innovative design of a 533 MHz DDR2 SDRAM PHY based on a common standard bus interface (DFI) and implemented in 90 nm standard CMOS process, is presented in this paper. Off-chip driver with calibrated strength, slew rate control, and on-die termination mechanism are utilized to provide improved signal integrity. Furthermore a DDR3-like I/O architecture and an appropriate calibration mechanism has been employed in order to reduce input capacitance. A Register-Controlled Delay Locked Loop (RCDLL) is included that measures the period of the external DFI clock to generate two stable clock phases (0deg, 90deg) and aligns it with the internal PHY clock. A novel Dynamic Strobe Masking System (DSMS) has also been employed which, in contrast to traditional techniques, dynamically adjusts the length of the masking signal in real-time, based on the incoming strobe. Finally, the PHY provides the necessary hooks for data capture training by an external calibration engine. Post layout simulation results demonstrate its robustness over process, voltage, and temperature variations.


An original control structure dedicated to a class of second-order state feedback control systems is presented in the paper. The controlled processes are accepted to be characterized by second-order servo systems with integral component. Optimal state feedback control systems are designed for those processes making use of the Iterative Feedback Tuning (IFT) approach. The state feedback control system structure is extended with an integral component to ensure the rejection of constant disturbances. A case study concerning the position control of a DC servo system with backlash is included. Real-time experimental results validate the theoretical part of the IFT approach.


A process for converting the acid sludge produced by waste oil refineries into an acid sludge intermediary which can be used in the production of asphaltic mixtures, comprises raising the pH of the acid sludge with a liquid or solid pH altering agent, such as water, acid of a higher pH, weak or strong bases and salt solutions, and separating a liquid layer from the less acid sludge layer, thereby producing an intermediate sludge having properties which make it suitable for use in asphalt production. The sludge may be heated and/or agitated to enhance the effect of the pH altering agent.


the means by which arrest of the circulation and death is pTr vented, whenever from any cause the nerve exerts a maxi*mrm influence. The power of the vagus to lower the excitability of the ventricles, makes their temporary arrest possible, but this reduction of the excitability of the ventricles cannot be kept up, no matter how strong the stimuli applied to the nerve, for a period long enough to endanger the economy. We find that the function of the augmentor nerves in the economy is to increase the work and tissue-waste of the heart, as part of the mechanism by which the nervous system governs the circulation, and that the augmentor mechanism sacrifices the heart, so to speak, in order to increase the output of the organ and enable the ventricles to pump out their contents against a heightened arterial pressure. Such excessive action of the heart is limited by the vagus, which, as we have seen, readily steps in so soon as the call for an increased supply has ceased. It may do so earlier, presumably because the increased blood pressure or the fatigue of the heart calls for vagus intervention. We then consider the mode of interaction of the vagi and augmentores, and point out that when the vagi are paralysed by section or atropine the augmentores would seem to have no -control over the cardiac rhythm, and that, therefore, they can only act by inhibiting the influence of the vagi on therhythmic centre of the heart. When neither nerve is acting on the auricles, these latter contract with a certain force, which is increased by the augmentores and diminished or inhibited by the vagi. The force of the ventricular contractions is increased by augmentor action; this increase can be inhibited by vagus -excitation, which latter has otherwise no power to reduce the strength of ventricular contractions. The force of the heart's contractions is influenced by other factors than the vagi, augmentores, and other nerves. The pressure of the blood in the coronary arteries is one of the most important of these factors. If this be lowered the contractions of both auricles and ventricles diminish in strength, while a rise of pressure in the systemic arteries causes an Increase in the force of the heart's contractions, so that the force of the heart's contractions is to a certain extent regulated automatically by changes in the blood pressure in the aorta, which is one of the vaiiable quantities affecting the work of the left ventricle. Change of thevolume of blood in the body affects greatly the contraction volume and output of the heart. Injections into the veins of a volume of defibrinated blood equal to onetenth of the total amount of blood in the body may double the output. It is important to note here that there is no increase in the strength of the ventricular contractions; increase in the work, tllerefore, of the ventricles due to increase in the output has no tendency to automatically increase the force of the ventricular contractions, as is the case with rise of pressure in the svstemic arteries. We refer to the bearing of this in cases of plethora. Increase of the watery constituents of the blood increases *the contraction volume and output to the same extent (though only temporarily) as does transfusion of blood, but acts more unfavourably on the heart, seeing that the work done by the ventricles is increased, while the nutritive value of the blood supplied to the coronaries is diminished. The increased output of the heart both in plethora and in hydrremia is due to rise of pressure in the systemic veins increasing the volume of blood which enters the right ventricle during diastole. We refer to the bearing of these facts upon the treatment of chlorosis and heart disease. We then consider the limits -of the power of the heart to perform the work thrown upon it, and show that in strictly physiological conditions, and in spite of the beautiful mechanism by which the force of the ventricular contraction is regulated, the cardiac mechanism, like the other mechanisms of the body, is liable to derangement, inter alia from fatigua when the work thrown upon it greatly exceeds that *which it usually has to perform. We take as an example the increased work thrown upon the organ during active muscular exertion, and show that exertion and endurance of fatigue are limited mainly by the limited power of the heart to continue supplying the increased amount of blood which is required by the acting voluntary muscles. We find that those luxuries which are forbidden or limited in " training," and which are known to hinder prolonged exertion, such as water, alcohol, tobacco, caffein, all directly weaken the force of the heart's contractions, and, in the case of water, place the organ under further disadvantages; also, that fatigue of the heart leads to dilatation of the organ. On comparing the power of fatigued ventricles to carry on increased work as compared with well-nourished, unfatigued ventricles, it is found that not only is the strengthening effect of the augmentor nerves u on the individual contractions less in the former case, but also that the fatigued and therefore dilated heart is per se unfavourably placed for meeting increase in the work thrown upon it. An explanation is given of the reason why in heart diseaEe failure takes place during exertion. The part played by the vagus in protecting the diseased heart from harmful overwork is referred to, and it is shown that irregularity of the heart in disease may be explained by the mode in which this nerve, when acting powerfully, releases the ventricles from the bontrol of the rhythmic centre in the sinus. The chief forms of rhythmic and arrhythmic irregularity are considered, and it is shown that these correspond with the forms of irregularity which can be produced by vagus action. The irregular heart expends more energy, and its tissues, therefore, are more wasted, for a given amount of work than the heart which is beating regularly. The effect upon the heart of imperfect aoration of the blood is, first of all, to produce powerful vagus action from the medullary vagus centre; this is usually, though not always, accompanied in curarised animals by diminution of the output of the heart. But reasons are given for assuming that the output would be increased in uncurarised animals, owinig to the high venous pressure which results from struggling. Besides the vagus action, it can be shown that asphyxia causes* progressive weakening both of the auricles and of the ventricles, and attention is diawn to the fact that the considerable rise of pressure in the systemic arteries in asphyxia is accompanied by vagus effects upon the heait and not by augmentor action, as is the case, so far as we know, in all other instances in which the vaso-constrictor centre is excited in the normal individual. It is noted that the changes in the heart and circulation which take place during asphyxia point to the conclusion that, when the total amount of oxygen in the blood is lowered, it is for the benefit of the economy that those organs, such as the central nervous system, whose continuous blood supply is a vital necessity, should be richly furnished with blood by constriction of the vessels of the spleen, kidney, and digestive system, whose blood supply can be cut off temporarily without danger to life, and also that the heart should carry on the circulation in a manner involving as little as possible waste of its own substance. This latter, as we have seen, it is the function of the vagus nerve to bring about.


ABSTRACT
SUMARNIATI BAKRI. 2016. Analysis of Conceptual and Procedural Mistakes in Solving Mathematics Problems in a Form of Algebra of Class VII Students at SMPN 1 Manuju in Gowa District ( Supervised by Usman Mulbar and Ilham Minggi).
The objectives of the research were (i) describing the kind of conceptual and procedural mistakes in solving mathematics problems in a form of algebra; and (ii)
describing the factors which caused the kind of conceptual and procedural mistakes in solving mathematics problems in a form of algebra. The research was qualitative with descriptive-explorative approach. The data of the research were collected by giving diagnostic test and interview. The subjects of the research were 3 students who were divided in three categories, namely one student with high ability, one student with medium ability, and one student with low ability. The results of the research reveal that (i) conceptual mistake happened to the students with high, medium, and low ability, namely inappropriate in presenting the concept in various forms of mathematics representations and inappropriate in applying algebra concept in solving problem. The other conceptual mistake also happened to student with medium and low ability, namely inappropriate in revealing a consept and inappropriate in classifying mathematics objects based on its characteristics. Besides, the subject with medium ability also performed conceptual mistake, namely inappropriate in giving example from one concept. Procedural mistake happened to the student with high ability, namely irregularity of stages in solving mathematics problems in a form of algebra and inappropriate in calculation. The student with medium ability performed procedural mistake, namely irregularity in calculation, inappropriate in manipulating algebra form, mistake because the student could not continue the solution stage. The student with low ability also performed procedural mistake, namely irregularity of stages in solving mathematics problems in a form of algebra, inappropriate in subtituting the value into variable, and inappropriate in calculation; (ii) the causes of conceptual mistake among others unable to understand the concept from variable and coefficient, unable to understand the concept and procedure of classifying the similar rates, unable to understand the use of algebra concept in solving problem. The causes of conceptual mistake among others are did unable to understand calculation procedure among rate, unable to understand arithmetic operation with integers of negative mark, unable to understand the way to substitute the value into variable, unable to understand the way to simplify fractions, and unable to understand arithmetic operation in exponential number.


ABSTRACT Using the invariance test, this study compared the research experiences of students from two sibling cultural groups in a Hong Kong context. Data were collected from 304 Mainland Chinese and 225 local Hong Kong research students. Their research experiences were measured using the Student Research Experience Questionnaire (SREQ) and two scales developed from previous studies on research students in Hong Kong (Peer Support and Communication with Supervisor). The data supported the construct validity, consistency, and the measurement equivalence of all measurements. The data showed that Mainland Chinese students had significantly higher satisfaction with Infrastructure, Intellectual and Social Climate, and Peer Support and marginally higher satisfaction with Supervision, Communication with Supervisors than local Hong Kong students. The invariance tests indicated nonsignificant difference in the path models of the two groups. Two SREQ scales contributed significantly to students' overall satisfaction. The new scales added contributed significantly to students' development in generic skills.


A cyclic change of barometric pressure from 790 to 720 mm Hg once a day to twice within 3 days under sealed conditions results in a functional rearrangement of the mechanisms to control cardiac activity which cause the predominance of vagotonic responses determined by a decrease of the body reserves and its asthenization. At the beginning of staying under pressurized conditions (2nd week) it appears as an occurrence of meteorotropic responses (in 13% of subjects tested) and at the end of living in pressurized conditions (9th week) as a significant decline with a change ("removal") in: pressure, index of strain, vegetative index of rhythm, index of regulation processes, index of vegetative equilibrium and as an increase in the number of individuals responding to a cyclic change of barometric pressure up to 44% which is indicative of a moderate relationship between manifestation rate of these sensations and an effect duration of a given factor.


Abstract Three species of goat moths are recorded at the Hanford Nuclear Site and Hanford National Monument in south central Washington State. They are: Comadia bertholdi (Grote 1880), Givira cornelia (Neumoegen & Dyar 1893), and Prionoxystus robiniae (Peck 1818). The general habitat of the Hanford area is shrub-steppe but there are extensive areas of sand dune as well as limited riparian habitat. These are the first Washington records for C. bertholdi and G. cornelia. In addition, Comadia bertholdi also is first recorded here from Yakima County, Washington, 81 km west of the Hanford Site. Flight period dates are presented for all collections.


The possibility of utilisation of pisa meal, which remains after defatting of Actinodaphne hookeri seeds, as a potential protein source in foods and feeds has been investigated. Rat growth experiments with half of the dietary protein derived from the meal were carried out, using casein as standard protein for comparison. Reasonably good correlation between chemical data and biological performance was observed. The meal, when made nutritionally adequate by supplementation with methionine and lysine, was capable of supporting normal growth and maintaining other physiological functions in rats. Feeding the rats with pisa meal for 8-10 weeks did not reveal any abnormal biochemical lesion indicative of the onset of toxic action.


Time-dependent thermoelectromechanical behavior of metal contacts in microelectromechanical system (MEMS) devices and packaging is studied. The analysis relates the electrical constriction resistance to contact temperature and contact surface evolution over time, using a microcontact asperity creep model for metal microcontacts under continual applied or residual stresses. The effects of contact temperature on constriction resistance are investigated. This work provides guidance toward the rational design of microcontacts with enhanced reliabilities by better defining variables that control the electrical resistance at such microcontcats.


A hydrologic model was developed to predict the long-term impacts of land use change on the hydrology of the Woady Yaloak River catchment. The model can be used by catchment managers to formulate management decisions about land use changes expected to occur across the catchment in the future.


is the major dynamic factor for social change in our country today. It is doing more to change the shape of our cities, roads and countryside than any other single thing. . . . The ownership of a car is, I think, beginning to replace the ownership of a house as the expression of men's sense of independence and self-respect. It is becoming a social necessity for people, and the numbers of cars on our roads will enormously increase. With much greater vigour, we must rebuild our whole environment of working and living in terms of the motor car.


DO CULTURAL AND PERCEPTUAL FACTORS MATTER?: AN INVESTIGATION OF FACTORS IMPACTING INTELLIGENCE TEST SCORES OF LATINOS/HISPANICS IN THE UNITED STATES by Mary E. Ignagni Adviser: Dr. Charles Scherbaum This paper examined societal and cultural explanations regarding the score differences seen between Latinos/Hispanics and Whites on intelligence tests through focusing specifically on possible explanations for the scores obtained by Latino/Hispanic testtakers. In this paper, it was argued that additional unique factors may impact the test scores of Latino/Hispanic test-takers. Specifically, racial and ethnic self-identification, ethnic centrality, acculturation, cultural distance, test perceptions, and ethnicity were explored as possible unique factors. In addition, an attempt was made to explain within group differences. A non-experimental study was utilized in which a final sample of 194 participants completed an intelligence test and measures of the variables. It was found that self-identification, generational status, and country/region of heritage were significantly related to test scores. Limited evidence was found for the other variables as well as some unexpected findings. Strengths, limitations, and implications of the findings, as well as future research directions are discussed.


Disorders of sexual development are rare and carry high potential for medical and psychosocial co-morbidities. A 4 year old female presented with non-reducible bilateral inguinal masses. Physical exam was consistent with a healthy child with a normal external female genitourinary exam, sexual maturity rating 1. Elective general surgical repair was scheduled. Pre-surgical ultrasound imaging revealed isolated loops of bowel in each inguinal canal, no other inguinal masses, a visualized cervix, and non-visualized uterus. Further work up was initiated upon recommendations from urology given rare …


Single-crystalline hexagonal α-Fe2O3 nanowires about 15 nm in diameter were synthesized on a 50 nm iron thin film by thermal oxidation within 30 min at 250 °C in air. Scanning electron microscopy images show that the diameters of α-Fe2O3 nanowires were about 8–25 nm, and the lengths were up to a few micrometres. Transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed that the nanowires had a hexagonal crystal structure with a growth direction of [1 1 0]. Magnetic force microscopy analysis of a single α-Fe2O3 nanowire revealed that the direction of the magnetic domains was along the wire axis at room temperature. In addition, the results of magnetoresistance revealed that the anisotropic magnetoresistance of α-Fe2O3 nanowires reached 0.5% at 300 K.


The bacterial compositions in the intestine of freshwater pearl mussel Hyriopsis cumingii and co-cultured fishes(grass carp,Chinese bream,giebel carp,black carp,and bighead carp) in an integrated culture pond were investigated using the method PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(PCR-DGGE).The effects of bacteria in water column on intestinal bacteria of the mussel and fishes were analyzed.The results indicated that intestinal bacteria of the mussel and fishes were identified as Firmicutes,Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria,Verrucomicrobia,Cyanobacteria and Fusobacteria.The dominant intestinal bacteria varied among the fishes and mussel.The dominant bacteria were Acinetobacter,Shigella and Mycobacterium in the mussel,and Clostridium in grass carp,and Clostridium and Pseudomonas in Chinese bream,and Acinetobacter and Shigella in giebel carp,and Clostridium and Acinetobacter in black carp,and Acinetobacter and Vibrio in bighead carp.The similarity of intestinal bacterial diversity was high between grass carp and Chinese bream,and between the mussel and giebel carp,which indicated that there were connections between the intestinal bacteria composition and feeding habits of fish.The dominant bacteria in water column was Paenibacillus.The similarity of bacterial diversity was low between water column and intestinal tract of the mussel and fishes,which showed that the effect of bacterioplankton on intestinal bacteria of mussel and fishes was limited.


This study aims to improve the learning outcome increase of two-dimensional figure circumference and wide of the fourth-grade students through touch media. This study is a classroom action research and conducted in grade IV D at Sabilal Muhtadin Islamic Elementary School, Banjarmasin academic year 2017/2018. The research subjects were 31 students in total. The research result shows that the learning outcome of two-dimensional figure circumference and wide of the grade IV D students can be developed very well. It is shown by the average test result of 83.87% where the students who reach the minimum mastery criteria after touch media is used in order to to improve student learning outcomes.


quently are diagnostic only when callus formation is seen at the site of the fracture. A bone scan is recommended for diagnosis of a stress fracture that is not evident on standard radiographs because it is virtually 100% sensitive for detection of this injury.5,10,12,14,15,19 Although negative bone scans have been reported in impending tibial stress fractures, 13 a literature search revealed no published reports of a femoral neck stress fracture with a false-negative bone scan. We are reporting the case of a competitive runner with a stress fracture of the femoral neck that was not evident on bone scan, and ultimately was diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).


A spectrum analyzing method based on the autoregressive(AR)model is proposed to analyze the fluctuation characteristics of photovoltaic(PV)power.In order to obtain data with sufficient resolution,the PV array output is simulated based on meteorological data from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory(NREL)of America,which is used to analyze the fluctuation characteristics of PV power stations on different time scales and spatial scales,and determining the time scale on which the photovoltaic power fluctuation component is concentrated.Research shows that PV power fluctuations on different time scales are significantly affected by weather.With the expansion of PV power station scale,the whole output of different PV power stations tends to be smooth.In addition,PV power output fluctuation is mainly concentrated on the 5 min time scale.On this basis,the performance of fitting the probability distribution of PV power fluctuation on the critical time scale with t-distribution is verified.The power fluctuation component on the critical time scale is separated by a rolling average method.Finally,the automatic generation control(AGC)reserve demand caused by PV power grid-connection is quantitatively analyzed.


Abstract : The Final Report covers the work performed by the executive team during the fourth period of the development under the Contract between the U.S. Government through its European Research Office of the U.S. Army and the Institute of Metal Science, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. The major activities that are carried out are design, fabrication and testing in proving ground conditions of armor samples of various characteristics, electron microscopic and X-ray structural analysis of the elements, optimization and carrying out the final testing in proving ground conditions and processing and analysis of the results.


It has frequently been observed that meteorological predicates such as "rain" are regularly associated with locations. The standard explanation holds that this association occurs without exception, and postulates the presence of covert but mandatory location variables in the semantics of such predicates. If the location variable is filled explicitly, the association can be either specific, as in "It is raining in Paris," or indefinite, as in "It is raining somewhere." In the absence of an explicit location (i.e. simply "It is raining"), the argument slot demands that a specific location be contextually provided, with a default reading along the lines of "It is raining [here]." In particular, the standard explanation holds that an implicit location cannot be indefinite. In "It is raining (somewhere)," F. Recanati argues, against the standard view, that there is no semantically-encoded location slot in meteorological predicates. Instead, he proposes a pragmatic explanation for the process of location assignment, under which the phenomenon is one of free enrichment.


Document Type Article Publication Date 2017 Publication Title Fishery Bulletin ISSN 0090-0656 Volume 115 Issue/No. 1 First Page 27 Last Page 41 Abstract Commercial fisheries are recognized as one of the greatest threats to shark populations worldwide, but factors affecting the likelihood of shark mortality during fishery capture are poorly understood. We used the U.S. pelagic fishery logbook data from 1992 through 2008 to quantify the effects of several variables (fisheries regulatory periods, geographic zone, target catch, and sea surface temperature) on mortality of blue sharks (Prionace glauca) and tiger sharks (Galeocerdo cuvier). Mortality rates and trends in both species closely matched those recorded from other sources, and therefore indicated that the data on sharks discarded dead and discarded alive in the U.S. pelagic fishery logbook are accurate. The introduction of fisheries management regulations (fin weight to carcass weight ratios in 1993 [to prevent finning] and the prohibition of J-hooks in 2004)  Download


A new source is introduced in this paper: the calendars, covering the period from 1910–1920, in which Freud noted which analysands he had seen each day. From these, the analyses of nineteen patients whose existence was previously known have been selected; the investigation describes their course and focuses on their duration and weekly frequency. The historical change in analytic practice both in terms of duration and frequency is pointed out. Most analyses were surprisingly short; a small minority were very long. The frequency with which Freud worked with his patients was high, sometimes very high (up to eighteen hours a week), but in several cases it changed numerous times during the analysis. These data are seen as a compromise between what Freud considered desirable and what was practicable. Freud's analyses of psychotic patients is described, possibly altering our view of his attitude to the treatment of psychosis. The author contends that commandments and interdictions concerning this and other aspects of analytic practice are erroneously considered to be based on Freud. They do not, however, follow from Freud's work but were developed by those who came after him.


This retrospective study by Zarrabi et al. adds to the growing repository of contemporary evidence regarding the safety and efficacy of surgical embolectomy for massive and submassive pulmonary embolism [1]. The authors highlight the potential for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension, an important but often overlooked sequelae of suboptimal therapy which may result following anticoagulation only, or catheter directed thrombolysis due to incomplete recanalization. The significant consistent reduction in pulmonary arterial systolic pressures reported on serial studies immediately before and after surgery and on follow-up is most encouraging.

Despite improved outcomes, a surgical embolectomy largely remains a second line or last resort alternative therapy, perhaps burdened by historical outcomes. However, with the increased availability of cardiopulmonary bypass support and more detailed imaging (computed tomography and transoesophageal echocardiography), a surgical embolectomy should feature early in the treatment algorithm of any patient with a large volume central thrombus burden in the main pulmonary artery or proximal branch pulmonary arteries. Surgery should also be considered for the haemodynamically stable patient who may have features of impending right ventricular dysfunction, a known prognosticator for an embolism-related early (in-hospital or 30 day) death [2].

In carefully selected patients, an early surgical embolectomy may offer the best opportunity to rapidly and completely reperfuse the pulmonary arterial vasculature, thereby avoiding potential future complications such as chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension.

Conflict of Interest: None declared


Purpose: Radio frequency (RF) heating is a promising thawing method, but it frequently causes undesirable problems such as non-uniform heating. This can occur because of the food shape, component distribution, and initial temperature differences between food parts. In this study, RF heating was applied to the thawing of cylindrically shaped pork sirloin by changing the shape of electrodes and the surrounding temperature. Methods: Curved electrodes were utilized to increase the thawing uniformity of cylindrically shaped frozen meat. Pork sirloin in the shape of a half-circle column was frozen in a deep freezer at -70℃ and then thawed by RF heating with flat and curved electrodes. In order to prevent fast defrosting of the food surface by heat transfer from air to the food, the temperature of the thawing chamber was varied by -5, -10, and -20℃. The temperature values of the frozen pork sirloin during RF thawing were measured using fiber-optic thermo sensors. Results: After multiple applications of curved electrodes resembling the food shape, and a cooled chamber at -20℃ the half-cylindrically shaped meat was thawed without surface burning, and the temperature values of each point were similarly increased. However, with the parallel electrode, the frozen meat was partially burned by RF heating and the temperature values of center were overheated. The uniform heating rate and heat transfer prevention from air to the food were crucial factors for RF thawing. In this study, these crucial factors were accomplished by using a curved electrode and lowering the chamber temperature. Conclusions: The curved shape of the electrode and the equipotential surface calculated from the modeling of the parallel capacitor showed the effect of uniform heating of cylindrically shaped frozen food. Moreover, the low chamber temperature was effective on the prevention of the surface burning during RF thawing


PURPOSE: A device for visualizing and operating a 3-dimensional object under network environment is provided to remove a rendering process and a model fabrication process, thereby visualizing or dealing with a 3-dimensional object in real time through a network by using a general PC as a client. CONSTITUTION: A turn table firmly locates a photographed target object in an upper part, and rotates at predetermined rotative angle by responding to a turn table control signal. A camera photographs an image of the photographed target object. A camera position controlling device supports the camera such that the camera can rise or fall to photograph the target object by responding to the control signal, and maintains a distance between the target object and the camera. At least one motor rotates the turn table, and moves the camera. An image manager supplies the control signal, and generates a 3-dimensional image of the target object by using images from the camera.


In this article we studied the potential of ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) as an impact modifier for isotactic polypropylene (PP). PP/EVA blend in the range 0–40 wt % EVA content is studied by using three grades of EVA containing 9, 12, and 19 wt % VA. Izod impact strength measurements were made at temperatures ranging from liquid nitrogen temperature to 60°C to explore the impact-toughening effect as a function of blending ratio both at low and above ambient temperatures. The results are compared with various reported blends of PP with other elastomers. Morphological studies through scanning electron microscopy on etched impact-fractured surfaces are carried out and a correlation of morphology and impact properties at various blending ratios is presented. Finally, a mathematical analysis of the data is performed in terms of second-degree polynomial to express impact strength as a simultaneous function of two variables, and an equation is proposed that shows the best fit with the experimental data. Relevant contour diagrams, based on the proposed equation, for optimization of properties are also presented.


Let (R, 𝔪) be a local ring, 𝔞 an ideal of R, and M, N be two finitely generated R-modules. We show that r = gdepth(M/𝔞M, N) is the least integer such that has infinite support. Also, we prove that the first non-Artinian generalized local cohomology module has finitely many associated primes.