The capabilities of multithreshold algorithms of convolutional codes decoding realized on chips PLIS "Xilinx" are described. The characteristics of energetic efficiency and performance of these decoders for high-speed systems satellite and space communication are reviewed. The advanced applications of new method are discussed. Introduction. The development of digit transmission and data processing methods is largely determined by capabilities of high veracity maintenance for the transmitted information systems. The most effective means to increase the digital information veracity is the usage of error correcting coding. The review of the most perspective coding methods by yardstick "efficiency-performance" was made in [1], where it was indicated, that the greatest preference in high-speed satellite channels merit the multithreshold decoders (MTD) [2]. Capabilities of these new methods of error correction, which one were designed by the software and hardware for satellite communications systems created in NIIR at close cooperation with other organizations and the leading specialists in the field of encoders [3,4] are described below. Effectiveness criterion of coding applications. As it is known, the most common parameter for quality evaluation of decoding methods is the code gain (CG). It demonstrates permissible decrease value of energy necessary for transmission of one data bit at some selected mean error probability per bit in case of usage of chosen coding and decoding algorithms, as contrasted to the case, when the coding is not used. The capabilities of coding for maintenance of demanded efficiency by yardstick CG are shown for coherent binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) in a fig.1. The limit of Shannon is the figure indicated under condition of the code rate R=0 with number of quantizing levels of M great enough, М>> 1, when input signal of the decoder is continuous. It corresponds to minimally possible relation of bit energy transmission E 0 to the spectral noise power density N 0 : a=E b /N 0. This and all other introduced here bounds are obtained from natural conditions R<=C, where C-is a channel capacity. Certainly, at obtaining these limiting estimations it is supposed, that the optimum decoding with necessary high complexity of implementation will be used. Then the given bit error rate Р b (е), rate R and quantizing levels number of the modem M determine in common enough sense a measure of coding effectiveness. At transition from М=2 (case of the "hard decision" modem simply determining, which single bit value has come from a channel) to …


Abstract The LED is a new lightweight cipher, which was published in CHES 2011. This cipher could be applied in the Wireless Sensor Network to provide security. On the basis of the single byte-oriented fault model, we propose a differential fault analysis on the LED cipher. The attack could recover its 64-bit secret key by introducing 4 faulty ciphertexts, and 128-bit secret key by introducing 8 faulty ciphertexts. The results in this study will be beneficial to the analysis of the same type of other iterated lightweight ciphers.


Flotation with iron(III) hydroxide and methyl cellosolve has been proposed for the separation of the low ppb levels of zinc and copper(II) in water. Methyl cellosolve is a new collector to float iron(III) hydroxide, and this method is more rapid and convenient than filtration or centrifugation of the iron(III) hydroxide precipitates, especially those in a large volume of solution. Iron(III), 550 mg, is added to 2001000 ml of water sample, and the pH is adjusted to 8.18.3 to precipitate iron(III) hydroxide. After the addition of 220 ml of methyl cellosolve, the precipitate involving the desired trace element is floated to the surface by bubbling nitrogen into the water through a sintered-glass disc (No. 4). The floated precipitate is transferred and filtered through filter paper(No. 5C) with the aid of a pipet, and then dissolved in 6 M hydrochloric acid. Microgram quantities of zinc and copper(II) can be separated in the yield better than 96% by the proposed method.


Abstract Attractors for hyperbolic diffeomorphisms are known to possess unique Sinai–Ruelle–Bowen measures with interesting properties. In this paper we investigate the case of non-invertible maps (endomorphisms) which have repellers Λ. We work with preimages of points in a neighbourhood of the repeller (assumed to be non-expanding); the situation here is different than the one for diffeomorphisms or positive iterates of endomorphisms. We give two methods to obtain invariant measures from local inverse iterates. We show that if Λ is a hyperbolic s-conformal repeller for f, not necessarily expanding, and if f is d-to-1 on Λ then for Lebesgue almost every x in the repelling basin of Λ there are histories of x asymptotically distributed like the equilibrium measure μs of the Hölder continuous potential Φs, with Φs (y):=log ∣Dfs (y)∣ for y∈Λ. The measure μs plays the role of an inverse Sinai–Ruelle–Bowen measure on the non-invertible repeller. We prove also that there exists a set A⊂Wuε(Λ) with λ(A)=λ(Wuε(Λ)) (where λ(⋅) is the Lebesgue measure) such that for any z∈A and any real continuous function g, \[ {\int }_{\!\!W^u_\varepsilon (\Lambda )} |\mu _n^z(g) - \mu _s(g)| \,d\lambda (z) \mathop {\to }\limits _n 0, \] with \[\mu _n^z := \frac 1n \sum _{k=1}^n \frac {\sum _{y \in f_\Lambda ^{-k} z} \delta _y}{d^k}. \] In particular, we obtain the asymptotic distribution of preimages of Lebesgue almost all points for a class of hyperbolic toral endomorphisms on 𝕋m,m≥2 .


The parasitic parameters in the power module have a negative effect on switching losses and dynamic characteristics. With the rapid development of integrated circuit technology, the high current, high frequency and high pressure working environment put forward higher requirements for the switching circuit delay, reliability and power consumption. The rational layout of the power module is the key to reducing the parasitic parameters. However, today's designers often propose the layout manually, which is time- and money-consuming. Recently, automatic layout design of power modules has attracted more and more attention. In this paper, a hybrid genetic algorithm is used to design the layout automatically by MATLAB in order to optimize the layout with the lowest parasitic effect. Then we used the Q3D software to verify the automatic calculation results by comparing the calculated layout with some others in manual ways.


The privatization of Pakistan's media and television industry over the past two decades, along with the availability of high-speed internet and an easing of censorship, has revolutionized what plays in Pakistani homes. While hopes that this more open environment would encourage a Pakistani new wave have yet to be born out, an episodic series released this summer is perhaps a harbinger of things to come. Film Quarterly columnist Bilal Qureshi introduces readers to one of the most exciting voices in the emerging Pakistani film industry, Asim Abbasi, whose über-stylish series Churails (2020−) presents a women's detective agency that works undercover to obtain justice for the women of Karachi. An extrajudicial feminist fantasy, Churails is remarkably uncensored and unrestrained, and ground-breaking in its exclusive focus on women's rage.


1. Device (1) for connecting the actuator (2), at least one electrical cable, comprising an outer housing (9) provided with at least one cable inlet (3, 4) adapted to input cable operating status of the device (1) provided with an opening adapted to closing electrical connecting element (5) forming the contact surface of the actuator (2), wherein the electrical connection element (5) comprises a plate (11) made of insulating material and provided with electrical contacts (7) of elongated shape, placed perpendicular to the plate (11), and each electrical contact (7) is internal to the device (1) connector adapted to couple to an electrical cable, and external to the device (1) connector adapted for connection to a corresponding electrical contact (8) the actuator (2), characterized in that the outer casing (9) has an opening (10) adapted for flow of liquid present in the device (1) in the operating status of the device (1) while plate (Ha) of the electrical connection element (5) is located on the inner part of the connector electrical contacts (7). ! 2. Device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that each electric contact (7) includes an intermediate portion disposed between the inner and outer connectors and having an axial slot (15), the plate (11) is arranged to the closing of the above slots (15). ! 3. Device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one separating element (11b), projecting from the plate (11)


Under the right conditions, the strength of vibration-welded butt joints of amorphous polycarbonate (PC) to semicrystalline poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) are shown to be as high as the strength of PBT, the weaker of the two materials. Optical, scanning and transmission electron microscopy are used to examine the morphology of the weld zone. Acoustic microscopy is used to visualize poorly bonded regions. The effects of the weld parameters on weld strength and weld morphology are considered in detail.


Hybrid aggregation is a frame aggregation scheme in IEEE 802.11 Medium Access Control (MAC) which combines the use of MAC Service Data Unit Aggregation (A-MSDU) and MAC Protocol Data Unit Aggregation (A-MPDU) together. Using hybrid aggregation, we can get higher throughput than using either A-MSDU or A-MPDU only scheme. However, the throughput may decrease in some high Bit Error Rate (BER) conditions depending on the length of each A-MSDU frames in the hybrid aggregated frame. An A-MSDU frame has only one Frame Check Sequence (FCS) because A-MSDU is treated as one MSDU. Therefore, even if only one MSDU in an A-MSDU frame has bit errors, whole frame retransmission is needed. This is the disadvantage of A-MSDU aggregation scheme which affects the throughput of hybrid aggregation. To reduce this A-MSDU influence on hybrid aggregation, in this paper, we propose a novel channel adaptive aggregation scheme. By controlling the number of the MSDUs for A-MSDU aggregation, we can adapt the hybrid aggregation scheme to the channel condition. Using computer simulations, we show that the proposed hybrid aggregation scheme can reduce the frame error probability and improve the throughput more efficiently than conventional one.


ABSTRACT A 17-yr-old girl is described with a space-occupying lesion in the region of the hypothalamus and evidence of secondary trophic hormone lack. Despite clinical evidence of slight dehydration and a serum sodium of 170–190 mEq/1 there was complete absence of thirst and the average fluid intake was 1200 ml per day. This abnormality persisted following replacement therapy with cortisol and thyroxine. Although plasma volume and total body water measurements were within the normal range there was evidence to suggest a deficit in both these body fluid compartments. Comparison of serum sodium and urine U/S Osm ratios indicated an impaired ADH release at all levels of serum osmolality. The maximum urine osmolality achieved following exogenous vasopressin (1200 mOsm/kg) was greater than that with fluid deprivation (720 mOsm/kg) confirming partial diabetes insipidus. Despite this, the osmotic threshold for ADH release measured during hypertonic saline infusion appeared to be normal (less than 295 mOsm/kg). B...


Speech recognition has achieved enormous improvements presently. However, robustness is still one of the big tribulations, e.g. performance of recognition fluctuates penetratingly depending on the speaker, particularly as the speaker has robust accent that is not coated in the training corpus. The speaker variability, such like gender, accent, age, speaking rate, and phone realizations, are vital problems in speech recognition. The mainly South Indian accent identification is a recent challenging problem closely related to other relatively recent fields of the multilinguality area like non native speech identification and language identification. This paper explains an automatic recognition system for English accents from 5 different South Indian State. The approach is based on a corresponding set of random nets with situation independent HMM units. The random topology was in addition substituted by pronunciation transcription constraints so as to integrate accent specific automatic word recognizers.


Abstract
The issue of risk premium in commodity futures market has long been examined since Keynes' (1930) normal backwardation hypothesis. We further examine the normal backwardation hypothesis in the gold futures market, using a Goldman Sachs Commodity Index (GSCI) approach. We find no evidence that risk premium exists in the gold futures market over the period 1980–2005. Finally, we provide further explanations as to why there is no risk premium in the gold futures market by investigating the actual gold futures positions taken by gold mining firms. We contend that lack of hedging activity by gold miners may explain the lack of risk premium in gold market.


Video games are fascinating. Therefore it is not surprising that their motivational potential has been discussed in various disciplines. (Serious) Games for Health are specifically designed for the health-care industry and aim to have a positive effect on users – either physical or psychological. For example, games are used to create incentives for more physical activity, they are used in medicine for therapy purposes, or they can evoke behavioral changes or make outsiders understand illnesses such as depression. However, a game per se does not make a person thin or fat, smart or stupid, healthy or ill. It is an interplay of mission goals, content, technology, and how contents are conveyed to achieve the goal. Knowing the tension between the fast-moving games industry and sluggish, restrictive health care, we show how we can make use of games in health care and how we can establish them (commercially). With that said, we see games as a medium with high potential but also with challenges and limits.


Modeling of ecosystem services using a multiphysics approach shows promise in detailing the contribution and interaction of constituent underlying processes. Such detail is required to enable ecosystem service valuation based on functional substitutability, whereby the market value of an equivalent engineered system provides a basis of value amenable to international financial accounting norms. One multiphysics package — COMSOL Multiphysics — is used as part of a greater framework to value the ecosystem service of phosphorus removal from stormwater runoff via soil.


Abstract High resolution Fourier transform absorption spectra of the 14 N 16 O 2 molecule recorded in the 3000–3400 cm −1 and 1520–1600 cm −1 spectral regions have been analyzed. In this way lines of the 2ν 3 , 4ν 2 , 2ν 2 + ν 3 , and 2ν 3 − ν 3 bands of 14 N 16 O 2 have been assigned with K a values ranging from 0 to 8 and N values up to 60. The spin–rotation energy levels were very satisfactorily reproduced using a theoretical model which takes explicitly into account both the Coriolis interaction between the spin–rotation levels of the (021) vibrational state and those of (040) and of (002), and the spin–rotation resonances within (021), (040), and (002). As a consequence, precise vibrational band centers and rotational, spin–rotation, and coupling constants were obtained for the triad {(040), (002), (021)} of interacting states of 14 N 16 O 2 . In addition, using a large set of individual 2ν 3 , 4ν 2 , and 2ν 2 + ν 3 experimental line intensities at 3.2 μm, we have determined precisely the 2ν 2 + ν 3 and 2ν 3 transition moment constants of 14 N 16 O 2 . On the other hand, the transition moment constants of the 2ν 3 − ν 3 and 2ν 2 + ν 3 − 2ν 2 bands were derived from those of the corresponding ν 3 cold band. Finally, a comprehensive list of line positions and intensities of the interacting 4ν 2 , 2ν 3 , 2ν 2 + ν 3 , and 2ν 3 − ν 3 bands of 14 N 16 O 2 has been generated at 3.2 μm and 6.2 μm, respectively.


The increasing demand for high data rates and the emergence of new data-hungry applications motivate the exploration of higher frequency bands for the beyond fifth generation (5G) wireless systems. The frequencies above 100 GHz, so-called terahertz (THz) spectrum, offer abundant communication bandwidth, hence enabling, in theory, terabit throughputs using small transceivers and, potentially, high energy efficiency. In this paper, we describe prospective applications and discuss challenges related to short-to-mid-range communication at these frequencies. Moreover, we present some initial results on the 240 GHz system and radio-frequency (RF) transceiver design, envisioned within the WORTECS project. We show that, for applications requiring short-range high-throughput data links, highly integrated THz wireless transceivers with low efficiency on-chip beam steering antennas can be used. These fully integrated transceivers set considerable limitations in terms of achievable data rate and communication distance. To overcome these limitations, in this paper, we propose different approaches, especially for short-range applications.


In a conventional wireless transmission system, studies are usually focus on increasing transmission rate instead of energy efficiency (EE). In this paper, we propose a hybrid transmission strategy to investigate the EE in a wireless transmission system. In this hybrid transmission strategy, the transmission mode is switched between the direct transmission (DT) mode and the amplify-and-forward relay transmission (AFRT) mode. The switch method is based on a transmission rate threshold which makes the EEs of the two kinds of transmission modes equal. Furthermore, we propose an energy-efficient adaptive transmission (EEAT) algorithm to fulfill the hybrid transmission strategy. The simulation results are conducted and they also show that our hybrid transmission strategy always has the maximum EE.


Rutter's Child and Adolescent Psychiatry is one of the best‐established and highly regarded textbooks covering paediatric psychiatry. To mark the publication of the 5th edition of this influential volume, Progress talked to chief editor Professor Sir Michael Rutter, from the Institute of Psychiatry. Professor Rutter discussed some of the advances that prompted the new edition;his concerns regarding the disconnect between science and service provision, and his belief that clinicians and bureaucrats need to view mental disorders from a life course perspective. Copyright © 2008 Wiley Interface Ltd


Dear Readership, For many wonderful reasons, I recently joined the Faculty at The University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Nursing. One reason, specifically, was because of an emerging scholar's contagious spirit for nursing research, and as such, I invited Dr. Breanna Hetland to contribute a manuscript to the Midwest Nursing Research Society (MNRS) News. I would like to thank Dr. Breanna Hetland for her enthusiastic evidenced-based April 2019 contribution which focuses on her career pathway as an emerging scholar from BSN to PhD. In this article, Dr. Hetland shares her journey and provides unique strategies for nursing faculty to implement to attract BSN students to consider a career in nursing science. Moreover, Dr. Hetland provides advice for us all on how to Encourage the Heart of PhD students to build and sustain resilience in their emerging career. Thank you, Dr. Hetland, for your engaging manuscript for the MNRS News!


Objective To study the protective effects of zinc and vitamin E on oxidative stress and endothelial cells in STZ-induced diabetic rats.Methods Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were supplemented with zinc and vitamtn E for six weeks.Blood glucose,insulin,MDA and T-AOC in serum,plasma levels of TXB-2,6-k-PGF_~1α and ET were examined.Results In diabetic rats plasma levels of TXB-2 and ET were lowered while blood glucose and MDA were decreased,insulin,T-AOC and plasma levels of 6-k-PGF_~1α were increased by zinc and vitamin E supplement.Conclusion Zinc and vitamin E supplementation reduced oxidative stress,influenced the plasma levels of TXB-2,6-k-PGF_~1α and ET,and had protective effects on endothelial cells in diabetic rats.


Both authors contributed equally to this research. This paper presents the method that we tackled the FinSBD-3 shared task (structure boundary detection) to extract the boundaries of sentences, lists, and items, including structure elements like footer, header, tables from noisy unstructured English and French financial texts. The deep attention model based on word embedding using data augmentation and BERT model named as hybrid deep learning model to detect the sentence, list-item, footer, header, tables boundaries in noisy English and French texts and classify the list-item sentences into list & different item types using deep attention model. The experiment is shown that the proposed method could be an effective solution to deal with the FinSBD-3 shared task. The submitted result ranks first based on the task metrics in the final leader board.


Numerous mechanisms of crack advance have been proposed for iron- and nickel-base alloys in high temperature water, with most focusing on a slip/film rupture/oxidation or a direct hydrogen mechanism of crack advance. Numerous roles for hydrogen have been proposed, including effects on dislocation mobility, on the cohesive strength of metal bonds, on void/bubble/blister formation, etc.; some of these roles could influence other mechanisms of crack advance. The objective of this paper is to review the evidence of hydrogen effects in environmental cracking in hot water. While additional critical tests are needed to more precisely define its role, present evidence provides only weak support that hydrogen plays a predominant role in environmental cracking in hot water. Specific applications include various components in fossil boilers, boiling water reactors, pressurizing water reactors, steam turbines, deaerators, etc.


PURPOSE: A method for manufacturing an optical waveguide for a connector is provided to reduce optical coupling loss by forming a mixed layer. CONSTITUTION: An underclad layer is formed on a surface of a substrate. Cores(2A,2B) are formed into a predetermined pattern on the surface of the underclad layer. A photosensitive resin layer(3A) for forming an overclad layer coats the cores. An interface part of the photosensitive resin layer and the core is formed into a mixed layer(4) on which materials for making the core and the photosensitive resin layer is mixed.


The possibility of deriving the Mark-Kuhn-Houwink equation in terms of fractal analysis concepts was shown. The constant K η in this equation was found to depend on the fractal dimensionality D and the molecular mass of the monomer unit characterizing the macromolecular coil structure and the chemical structure of a polymer, respectively.


The structure and magnetic circuit of composite solid rotor reluctance motor with a steel sleeve are analysed. An equivalent magnetic network method for calculating the key parameters x_d and x_q is proposed. The formulas of reactance coefficients for salient rotor, on which there are several axial slits along the d- and q-axis, are derived. A few prototypes of the machines are made. The theoretical analyses are confirmed by the experimental results of the prototypes. It is also shown that the composite solid rotor reluctance motor has a good comprehensive performance.


The Stockholm congestion charging trial was implemented with the aim of satisfying a number of transport policy objectives related to reducing car use in the central area of Stockholm. However, the ...


In a telecommunication system,the system reliability i s determined mainly by anti-jam-ming capacity.This paper discusses the primary element which disturbs the telecommunication system of a single-chip computer ,and then gives several effective methods to increase anti-jam-ming capacity to be used to design a hardware and software system.


About 500 ionograms obtained with the Alouette satellite have been used to construct the mean diurnal variation of the mid-latitude topside ionosphere. Since this diurnal variation is based on observations from October to December 1962, quasi-seasonal effects had to be removed. The data are presented in the form of electron-density contours at fixed altitudes for two latitude ranges, 35°N−40°N and 40°N−45°N. These ranges, which are approximately separated at the 75°W meridian by the 70° magnetic dip line, show remarkable differences in the detailed behavior of electron density as a function of time and altitude. From the scale heights of these mean distributions it is apparent that there is absence of thermal equilibrium, at least during the day, and that light ionic constituents become important in the altitude region from 500 to 1000 km, especially during the night. There is also the suggestion of latitude gradients in the electron temperature and mean ionic mass.


The Engineering Planet Future Indaba, held at the CSIR Conference Centre in Pretoria from 16 - 18 March was a beginning, not an end in itself.


Estimates the cost of meeting the Kyoto Protocol with an energy‐economic optimization model. Special focus is on the Russian and Ukrainian and the potential implications of the US decision to withdraw from the Protocol. Finds that the carbon permit price can be expected to drop substantially due to US withdrawal. In fact, the aggregated emission target could be met in the absence of US participation. However, Russia and the Ukraine could be the dominant sellers of emission permits and they could increase the permit price. Clearly no climate benefits would result from trading emission permits that do not correspond to real reductions in CO2 emissions. EU countries, Japan and Canada are not likely to be supportive of paying billions of dollars that do not result in emission reductions. One way of dealing with the Russian and Ukrainian surplus is to negotiate more stringent targets for subsequent commitment periods early, and to allow banking. The model suggests that, under these conditions, early action and banking do take place.


Sports Research Centre, Department of Sport Sciences, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Elche, Spain, Department of Pharmacology, Paediatrics and Organic Chemistry, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Elche, Spain, Neuropharmacology on Pain and Functional Diversity (NED), Institute of Health and Biomedical Research of Alicante (ISABIAL Foundation), Alicante, Spain, Pain Unit, Department of Health of Alicante-General Hospital, Alicante, Spain


The present invention discloses a video communication parameter negotiation method, device and video communication terminal. Wherein the method comprises the called terminal for receiving video communication video communication sends video calling ability to send video communications and video calling terminal a list of receiving capabilities list; look for the ability to send video from the list of video communication with the called terminal itself have video receiving capabilities to match the video transmission parameter video communications originating look from the video receiving capability list of video communication with the called terminal itself has the ability to send the video to match the video receiving video communication parameters of the calling end, and look video transmission parameters to the video receiver parameters back to the originating video communication; after receiving the confirmation of the originating video communication video parameters, the video communication terminal and the called video communications originating utilize video parameters after consultation with each other streaming video. The present invention can improve the quality of video communication by asymmetric negotiation.


As nanotechnologies become more widely used, titania nanoparticles are being released to the subsurface environment via wastewater sludge applications. Titania nanoparticles are not only toxic to organisms in the environment, but recent studies revealed that they may also serve as carriers of hydrophobic organic contaminants and affect their fate and distribution in the subsurface environment. The mobility of titania nanoparticles varies depending on nanoparticle morphology characteristics, pH and the ionic strength of solutions, flow velocity, nanoparticle concentration, and the presence of surfactant or natural organic matter. Analogous to findings for natural and engineered carbonaceous nanoparticles, titania nanoparticles may enhance the transport of hydrophobic organic contaminants in porous media. However, to prove this hypothesis, further research is necessary. Thus experiments examining the impacts of titania nanoparticle on the hydrophobic organic matter transport in porous media were designed, which consist of three different sets of column experiments. These experimental sets will investigate the effects of the presence of titania nanoparticles, the size of nanoparticles and the organic carbon content in soil, respectively. Due to the estimation of the potential for the titania nanoparticles to facilitate organic contaminant transport, the experiment results are expected as: (a) the presence of titania nanoparticles will enhance the organic contaminant transport in porous media; (b) smaller nanoparticles will adsorb more organic contaminants and enhance their transport as the result of the increasing specific surface area; (c) soil containing higher organic matter content will compete for the adsorption of organic contaminants and retard their facilitated transport by titania nanoparticles.


A Fuel cell stack inherently generates low unregulated voltage, which is not useful for most power supply applications. In order to make this voltage useful, often a power conditioning system that consists of a converter or inverter or a combination of both is connected intermediate to the fuel stack. Several topologies for converters and inverters exist. In this paper, the performance of a transformerless pulse width modulated dc–dc interleaved boost voltage multiplier converter with current ripple reduction capability is analyzed for PEMFC stack power conditioning applications. Key experimental results are included, which indicate that the stack output voltage was regulated and boosted, and highlight the voltage balancing challenge arising from interleaving.


In reading the response to my article by Bob Jessop and Ngai-Ling Sum, I was reminded of Timothy Mitchell's contribution to a 2008 special issue in Geoforum on rethinking the economy. In this concise text, he refers to cultural political economy (CPE) and acknowledges that there might be a need for an 'evolutionary narrative of capitalist development, contradiction, and crisis to understand why some economic representations are chosen over others' (Mitchell 2008: 1120). But this evaluation is then followed by a call for specificity and detailed analysis: '[b]ut I am not sure. In this case, tracing the specific history of a movement, its methods of organization, its political projects, the sites of economic knowledge it brings into being, the kinds of representation it makes possible, seems more illuminating' (Mitchell 2008: 1120). In this brief reply to Jessop and Sum, I will suggest that this call for specificity deserves to be taken much more seriously. My critical review of CPE is best understood as a post-hoc reflection on some of the problems I confronted in research on creative industries and urban development (van Heur 2010). In undertaking this reflexive work, I might have overstated some problems with and overly simplified certain dimensions of CPE, but I do not think this justifies Jessop and Sum's dismissal of my analysis as relying on prejudices instead of a close reading of their work. Although a few articles have briefly discussed the theoretical premises of CPE (e.g. Jones 2008), my contribution constitutes the first substantive analysis of CPE and can be seen as a follow-up to Mark J. Smith's chapter in his Rethinking State Theory (2000) that offers a close reading of Jessop's work until the mid-1990s. Continuing this tradition, in this reply I aim to do two things: first, I want to address some of the misguided reactions by Jessop and Sum to my critique of CPE; second, I want to move beyond this intra-theoretical debate by asking two questions about relevance: one on empirical research and another on politics.


The research ?Strategic Design success factors of the communication of consumer goods manufactures with Digital Natives? aims at determining the factors for a prospectively successful communication of consumer goods manufacturers with Digital Natives. In particular, this research is supposed to bridge a gap in the whole of the manufacturer-related studies for successful communication of consumer goods manufacturers with Digital Natives. The study applies to the German-speaking world and is subdivided into four parts. The introduction in part one is mainly concerned with the detailed analysis of the target group Digital Natives. Part two produces the results in a system of Effect Relationships between consumer goods manufacturers on the corporate side and the characteristics of Digital Natives on the consumer side including 5 categories. 25 research hypotheses are developed in part two; furthermore, the method of data collection is chosen. The causal analysis with a covariance-analytic approach is considered an appropriate means. Resulting from the secondary literature analysis, a model of Effect Relationships for the verification of the measuring control parameter is developed on the basis of the system of Effect Relationships. This model of Effect Relationships is evaluated in the empirical part three of this research. Part three contains the empirical study. The empiricism is comprised of two parts: an online-survey of Digital Natives as quantitative research and in-depth interviews with experts as qualitative research. The aim of the online-survey is to verify the model of Effect Relationships, which is developed on a logically theoretical basis, by means of a causal analysis with a covariance-analytic approach. The in-depth interviews with experts serve the stabilisation of single empirical findings in the next step. As a result of the empiricism, 19 of the 25 originally deduced research hypotheses are verified and 6 falsified. Part four deduces the factors for a prospectively successful communication of consumer goods manufacturers with Digital Natives. The success factors with regard to communication are: authenticity, response time, online-availability, personal dialogue communication, participation, short official channels, world of experience, emotional security, appropriate design, creation of innovation and value. The success factors with regard to the product are: fulfillment of task, implementation quality and intuitive use. Part four summarises as results a typology of Digital Natives, consequences of the success factors for prospective strategic design and implications for the practical use and recommendations for action for consumer good manufacturers.


Many businesses make profit yearly and tend to invest some of the profit so that they can cushion their organizations against any future unknown events that can affect their current profit making. Since future happenings in businesses cannot be predicted accurately, estimates are made using experience or past data which are not exact. The probability element (which is normally determined by experience or past data) is important in investment decision making process since it helps address the problem of uncertainty. Many of the investment decision making methods have incorporated the expectation and risk of an event in making investment decisions. Most of those that use risk account for diversifiable risk (non-systematic risk) only thus limiting the predictability element of these investment methods since total risk are not properly accounted for. A few of these methods include the certainty (probability) element. These include value at risk method which uses covariance matrices as total risk and the binning system which always assumes normal distribution and thus does not take care of discrete cases. Moreover comparison among various entities lacks since the probabilities derived are for individual entities and are just quantile values. Finite investment decision making using real market risk (non-diversifiable risk) was undertaken in this study. Non-diversifiable risk (systematic risk) estimates of a portfolio of stocks determined by a real risk weighted pricing model are used as initial data. The variance of non-diversifiable risk is estimated as a random variable referred to as random error (white noise). The estimator is used to calculate estimates of white noise (wn). A curve estimation of the wn is made using Kernel Density Estimation (KDE). KDE is a non-parametric way to estimate the probability density function of a random variable. KDE is a fundamental data smoothing problem where inferences about the population are made, based on a finite data sample. This is used to derive probability estimates of the non-diversifiable risks of the various stocks. This enables determination of total risk with given probabilities of its occurrence thus facilitating decision making under risky and uncertain situations as well as accentuating comparison among the portfolio of stocks.


The design of modern liquid rocket engines requires the analysis of chamber coolant channels to maximize the heat transfer while minimizing the coolant flow. Coolant channels often do not remain at a constant cross section or at uniform curvature. New designs require higher aspect ratio coolant channels than previously used. To broaden the analysis capability and to complement standard analysis tools an investigation on the accuracy of CFD predictions for coolant channel flow has been initiated. Validation of CFD capabilities for coolant channel analysis will enhance the capabilities for optimizing design parameters without resorting to extensive experimental testing. The eventual goal is to use CFD to determine the flow fields of unique coolant channel designs and therefore determine critical heat transfer coefficients. In this presentation the accuracy of a particular CFD code is evaluated for turbulent flows. The first part of the presentation is a comparison of numerical results to existing cold flow data for square curved ducts (NASA CR-3367, 'Measurements of Laminar and Turbulent Flow in a Curved Duct with Thin Inlet Boundary Layers'). The results of this comparison show good agreement with the relatively coarse experimental data. The second part of the presentation compares two cases of higher aspect ratio channels (AR=2.5,10) to show changes in axial and secondary flow strength. These cases match experimental work presently in progress and will be used for future validation. The comparison shows increased secondary flow strength of the higher aspect ratio case due to the change in radius of curvature. The presentation includes a test case with a heated wall to demonstrate the program's capability. The presentation concludes with an outline of the procedure used to validate the CFD code for future design analysis.


Ferrites nanopowder of spinel MgxMn1-xFe2O4 (with x=0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0) synthesized by the coprecipitation method and pellets of nanopowder sintered at temperature 1250 °C. The X-ray diffraction results confirmed the single phase formation of the samples. The lattice constant and interionic distances decreased with increase in magnesium content that can be originated by strengthening of A–B interaction. The substitution effect of nonmagnetic Mg2+ ions was studied on Curie temperature of sintered pellets. Curie temperature measurements exhibit increasing trend with increase in magnesium content. Enhancement in Curie temperature can be explained on the basis of strengthening of A–B interaction and Neel's two sub-lattice models.


In recent years,cord blood stem cell(CB-SCS) has emerged as an alternative source of stem cell transplantation.CB-SCS transplantation was associated with a significantly lower incidence of graft-versus-host disease(GVHD),lower transplant related mortality(TRM) and disease recurrence,compared with bone marrow and peripheral blood stem cells.This review report an itemized classification of CB-SCs populations,which is important to better understand which tissues can be replaced using CB-SCs and how the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells from CB-SCs is changing the field.Furthermore,we also review the transplantation of CB-SCs in the clinical and regenerative medicine for a variety of malignant and non-malignant diseases,especially for hematological diseases.The great advantage of umbilical cord blood stem cell create a new chapter for stem cell transplantation.


The invention relates to an underwater propeller and a connection device thereof. The connection device includes a main support which is fixedly connected to a power output structure, and an intermediate adapter which is detachably connected to the main support; and the intermediate adapter has a connection structure matching a fixing interface for fixing, of a marine carrier. According to the underwater propeller and the connection device thereof, the intermediate adapter is detachably connected to the main support and has the connection structure matching the fixing interface for fixing, and then adaption between different power structures and marine carriers can be achieved, and the underwater propeller is wide in application range, and is high in universality.


It is important for driving safety to know whether surrounding objects are moving or static. Most existing methods use pre-trained object detectors to detect vehicles and humans before determine whether they are moving or not. However, there are not only these two type objects on the real road. This study presents a system using depth information and visual odometry to detect moving object. It also adopts an adaptive thresholding method to enhance performance on detection. The proposed system can accurately detect moving objects according to the experimental results.


Abstract : We have completed the project of building the first system consisting of a scanning tunneling microscope operating in ultra-high vacuum, and all the components are now operational. STM images of charge-density waves in UHV have been successfully obtained. We have developed and operated two other systems that enable us to perform the task delineated in the original ONR proposal. The second system is a computerized nanolithography station where computer generated patterns drive the STM tip, which deposits atoms at the pre-prescribed locations. The third system measures the photon emission from nanostructures using a cooled photomultiplier, a photon counter, and an image processor. We are currently writing several papers that describe the theory of photon emission from STM-deposited patterns and the various experiments performed with these three systems. Enclosed is a list of publications describing our STM work. Future plans call for the refinement of the experiments where clusters are written and their light emission recorded and analyzed topographically and spectroscopically.


Infectious complications after surgical treatment for congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) are rare.1 We present the case of a patient with a non-healing skin fistula following surgical treatment for CDH.


A PC-based two-level classifier for fingerprint recognition is presented. Input fingerprint images are preprocessed via Laplacian edge detector and a skeletonization algorithm. The thinned binary image is then classified into one of the four categories of fingerprint via a curve tracing algorithm and a scoring method. Local density of the designated area is then computed for the second-level classification (i.e. within category classification). The proposed method is found to be reliable for a small set of fingerprints.<<ETX>>


A phosphorus-free and nitrogen-free green scale inhibitor polyepoxysuccinic acid(PESA) was synthesized from maleic anhydride in one step.The main factors of influencing the performance of inhibiting CaCO3 scale were investigated by the single factor and orthogonal test method.The optimum conditions of the synthetic process were obtained.


Objective To develop a HPLC-MS/MS method for the determination of aconitine and study the in vitro metabolic stability of aconitine in dog tissue homogenates.Methods The chromatographic separation was performed on a C 18 column.The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and water with 0.2% formic acid and 5 mmol/L ammonium acetate.A triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer equipped with an electrospray ionization interface source was used for the quantitative determination in the positive selective reaction monitor mode.Aconitine was incubated with dog tissue homogenates and samples were withdrawn at different time points and precipitated by acetonitrile with internal standards citalopram.Results Aconitine showed good linear relationship over the range from 5 to 500 ng/ml.The recoveries of aconitine were between 85.73% and 92.12% at three QC concentration levels.The intra-and inter-day precisions were 5.32%-8.95% and 5.45%-8.86%,respectively.After incubation,about 20% of aconitine were cleared in the liver and small intestine,and t1/2 were 460.6 and 521.3 min,respectively.But none was metabolized in the stomach and kidney.Conclusion These results demonstrated that aconitine was mainly metabolized in the liver and small intestine at a slow rate.


Former Foreign Minister Lamberto Dini once said that Italy never had financial or military resources commensurate with its foreign policy ambitions, and that its efforts to maintain friendship with all countries did not bring it close to any country in particular. Italy's policy toward Israel in the past 50 years is a quintessential example illustrating Dini's argument. Italy's relations with Israel have been cordial for the most part. This was largely due to the effort which the Israeli foreign ministry invested in promoting relations with European countries. For the founders of the Zionist movement and the architects of the Jewish State, it was Europe, not Asia or Africa that provided a model and an inspiration. Apart from Germany and Spain, whose fascist past turned them into pariah states in Jewish eyes, all European countries were considered desirable as friends and allies of the Jewish State. This view persisted and became common to the young generation of both right and left wing parties in Israel. Given the fact that Israel's relations with the Vatican have been explored extensively, the absence of a thorough study on Israel's relations with Italy is quite surprising. This essay argues that Italy's foreign policy was determined by pragmatic factors in which relations with the Arab world, the USA and the Vatican, all played important roles. In addition, domestic constraints, both political and economic, had considerable impact on that policy. Italy's political structure is such that the majority party had always depended on the support of smaller parties in order to form a coalition, and therefore had to take into consideration their views about the Arab–Israeli conflict. The Christian Democratic Party (CD), which came to power after the Second World War, managed to rule by compromises made with its coalition partners, the most important of which were the Socialist (PSI) and Communist (PCI) parties, whose members held pro-Arab views. However, the fact that both parties were divided allowed the CD considerable freedom in foreign policy making and there was little criticism of its generally pro-Israeli stand. That Italy's Middle East policy was remarkably even was largely due to the fact that it was not predicated on a specific ideology. The parties


The Philippine Institute for Development Studies (PIDS), founded in 1977, has gained international recognition for useful research on development issues relevant to the nation's economic needs. In this memoir prepared for the 40th anniversary celebration of the institute's birth, the author recounts the unique circumstances, philosophy and other factors that led to the founding of the research institute. JEL Classification:  A11, 021, 029, 053


industry cluster plays important role in promoting economic growth,improving the strategic power of a region,which becomes an important economic phenomenon around the world.Therefore,industry cluster becomes a hot research point of Economics.This article mainly talks about the research documents of industry cluster,including the mechanism of its formation,types,the relations between industry cluster and the innovation and growth of economy.


An important part of our response to viral infections is based on the detection of viral nucleic acids by dedicated pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). RIG-I is a cytosolic PRR of the innate immune system, comprised of N-terminal tandem CARDs important for signal transmission, a central helicase domain that binds dsRNA and contains a dsRNA-dependent ATPase, and a C-terminal domain (CTD) that specifically binds 50 ppp-dsRNA. Cytoplasmic 50 ppp-dsRNA represents a pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) that is present in many RNA virus infections. RIG-I can also respond to cytoplasmic DNA, after it has been transcribed into 50 pppRNA by cytoplasmic RNA polymerase III (Ablasser et al., 2009). Normally, in the absence of PAMPs RIG-I is auto-inhibited by its CARD domains bound intramolecularly to the helicase domain, while the CTD is free to scavenge for traces of PAMPs. 50 pppdsRNA binding to the CTD and then the helicase domain induces a conformational change that frees the CARDs (for review, see Kolakofsky et al., 2012), which are subsequently ubiquitinated and oligomerize. This oligomeric complex then interacts with MAVS and activates IKK complex to stimulate NF-kB and antiviral cytokine production. Viruses act to limit the effects of the innate immune response by any means they can find. The Feng group has previously reported that gHV68, which like all herpes viruses produces an acute infection that then evolves into a life-long persistent infection, usurps activated IKKb that phosphorylates RelA, a key subunit of the transcriptionally active NF-kB. In collaboration with the viral RTA E3 ubiquitin ligase (an immediate-early gene product), this modification primes RelA for proteasome-mediated degradation, thus preventing antiviral cytokine production (Dong et al., 2012) (Figure 1). In this issue, He et al., (2015) show that the RIG-I-MAVS cascade is involved in this IKKb activation. Remarkably, gHV68 itself encodes a protein that induces RIG-I activation independently of nucleic acid PAMPs or ATP binding and hydrolysis. The manner in which this viral protein carries out this activation is both a wonder and a surprise. By screening a cDNA library for viral genes that activate the NF-kB pathway, He et al. identified vGAT (viral glutamine amido-transferase) as a candidate for this activation. vGAT is so namedbecause it shares homology with phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase (PFAS), a cellular GAT that catalyzes the fourth of ten steps required for purine biosynthesis. vGAT is made late during infection but is incorporated into the virion tegument, and so it is also present during the earliest times of infection. Surprisingly, vGAT is not catalytically active, but enzyme activity of cellular GATs is predominantly regulated via oligomerization. vGAT has retained the ability to dimerize with PFAS and activate it, and as vGAT has a high affinity for RIG-I it can act as an adaptor, bringing PFAS to RIG-I. vGAT-activated PFAS also has an alternate substrate specificity; whereas cellular GATs normally transamidate free glutamine, vGAT: PFAS now transamidates asparagine and glutamine side chains of RIG-I to aspartic and glutamic acid. One glutamine (Q10) and two asparagines (N245) and (N445) of RIG-I are converted to their carboxylic acid side chains. Q10 is located in the first CARD, and N245 and N445 are positioned close to each other near the ATP binding site of the RIG-I helicase domain (Kowalinski et al., 2011; Luo


The flow field characteristics between the throat and the regenerator,the uniformity of jet fluid,as well as the influence of resistance characteristics of checker brick in regenerator on flow field are studied through cold-state experiment on Kalugin hot-blast stove.The result shows that,the flow field of Kalugin hot-blast stove is uniform,stable and symmetric,and the air flow distribution of air spout and gas spout is uniformly.The homogeneous rate of the air spout is more than 90% under single air blowing while it is also close to 90% for coal gas spout under single coal gas blowing.The resistance distribution of re-generator checker brick is uniform or not has no significant influence on flow field of regenerator.


Urea formaldehyde that is trimethylol urea (TMU) was synthesized and copolymerized with polystyrene waste (PS) to form TMU/PS copolymer binder for emulsion paint formulation. Formaldehyde emission and some physical properties of both TMU and TMU/PS were investigated. The resulting copolymer TMU/PS gave a better resin compared to pure TMU in terms of brittleness, low water resistance and formaldehyde emission. The emulsion paint formulated from both TMU and TMU/PS passed pH, viscosity, flexibility, opacity, gloss and storage stability tests. Paint from pure TMU failed adhesion, hardness, tackiness, resistance to blistering and drying time tests while that of TMU/PS paint recorded a pass in all the tests. Both paints were unaffected by the salt medium but surface defect were observed in the case of TMU films in alkali and acid solutions. TMU/PS films were unaffected by both the acid and alkali solutions. This study provides a potential route for both VOC reduction in coating surfaces and environmental pollution from waste polystyrene disposal.


Oregon Groundwater Legislation Chapter 833, Oregon Laws 1989, requires well testing with sale or exchange of property. "In any transaction for the sale or exchange of real estate that includes a well that supplies groundwater for domestic purposes, the seller of the real estate shall, upon accepting an offer to purchase that real estate, have the well tested for nitrates and total coliform bacteria."


Abstract Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), a novel member of the betacoronavirus family is a single-stranded RNA virus that has spread worldwide prompting the World Health Organization to declare a global pandemic. This creates an alarming situation and generates an urgent need to develop innovative therapeutic agents. In this context, an in silico molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation study on the existing 58 antiviral and antimalarial compounds was performed on 3CLpro, PLpro and RdRp SARS-CoV-2 proteins. The antiviral compounds are best fitted in the binding pockets and interact more profoundly with the amino acid residues compared to antimalarial compounds. An HIV protease inhibitor, saquinavir showed a good dock score and binding free energy with varied binding interactions against 3CLpro and PLpro. While, adefovir, a nucleotide HBV DNA polymerase inhibitor exhibited good dock score and binding interactions against RdRp. Although, the antimalarial compounds showed relatively less dock score but were found to be crucial in displaying essential binding interactions with these proteins. The MD simulation runs for 100 ns on 3CLpro–saquinavir, PLpro–saquinavir and RdRp–adefovir complexes using Desmond revealed fairly stable nature of interactions. This study helped in understanding the key interactions of the vital functionalities that provide a concrete base to develop lead molecules effective against SARS-CoV-2. Graphical Abstract Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma


Two integral equation formulations for the analysis of two-dimensional indoor EM wave propagation are discussed in this paper. The volume and the surface electric fleld integral equations are discretised by the Method of Moments, resulting in dense linear systems whose iterative solutions are accelerated by using acceleration techniques. Numerical results are presented to compare the performance of the two approaches when applied to the same indoor propagation problem.


The Genome Search Meta‐Analysis (GSMA) method is widely used to detect linkage by pooling results of previously published genome‐wide linkage studies. The GSMA uses a non‐parametric summed rank statistic in 30 cM bins of the genome. Zintzaras and Ioannidis ([2005] Genet. Epidemiol. 28:123–137) developed a method of testing for heterogeneity of evidence for linkage in the GSMA, with three heterogeneity statistics (Q, Ha, B). They implement two testing procedures, restricted versus unrestricted for the summed rank within the bin. We show here that the rank‐unrestricted test provides a conservative test for high heterogeneity and liberal test for low heterogeneity in linked regions. The rank‐restricted test should therefore be used, despite the extensive simulations needed. In a simulation study, we show that the power to detect heterogeneity is low. For 20 studies of affected sib pairs, simulated assuming linkage in all studies to a gene with sibling relative risk of 1.3, the power to detect low heterogeneity using the Q statistic was 14%. With linkage present in 50% of the studies (to a gene with sibling relative risk of 1.4), the Q heterogeneity statistic had power of 29% to detect high heterogeneity. The power to detect linkage using the summed rank was high in both of these situations, at 98% and 79%, respectively. Although testing for heterogeneity in the GSMA is of interest, the currently available method provides little additional information to that provided by the summed rank statistic. Genet. Epidemiol. 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The vocabulary of English learning is one of the most difficult works for college students.And learning vocabulary is a kind of basic level of learning English.So changing the method of vocabulary learning is an effective way to learn English well.In this paper,the author analysed the problems that existed in college students' vocabulary learning and presented the effective methods of English vocabulary learning.


In order to study the dynamic response of reinforced pavement on soft clay under traffic loading,cyclic triaxial tests were conducted to investigate the effects of initial deviator stress and load cycles on the softening behavior of clay.The empirical equation for softening of clay was proposed by using regression analysis method.Then the equation was imported into ABAQUS through compiled subroutine.Contact interface elements were used between geogrid and soil.Dynamic response of unreinforced and geogrid reinforced pavement was studied by FEM program ABAQUS in order to investigate the reinforcement effect.FEA results indicate that softening behavior of clay has important effect on the performance of reinforced pavement.Geogrid reinforcement can provide lateral confinement at the bottom of the base layer by improving the interface shear resistance,and improve the stress distribution on subgrade layer.The geogrid reinforcement can reduce the surface deformation and nonuniform settlement.


(57) Abstract: The equipment for warming the patient, and configured outer cover (74) in contact with the patient, the conductive fabric is provided within the outer cover (70), conductive fabric contains selected to a value and a control device electrically coupled to the conductive fabric in order to heat the patient support surface (26).


A process was developed for the consistent production of high-quality, sinterable UO/sub 2/ powder. The precision forming of the powder and sintering of the green compact to a high-density body were also studied. Ammonium diuranate was precipitated from solutions of uranyl fluoride and/or uranyl nitrats and then contiruously converted to UO/sub 2/ in a rotating kiln. By carefUlly maintaining control conditions throughout the process, the powder produced had the property of forming green compacts of various shapes at low forming pressures without the use of binders or lubricants. The compacts sintered to a high density ()94% of theoretieal) at moderate temperatares while maintaining clean, chip-free surfaces and edges. Close diameter tolerances, plus or minus 0.001 to plus or minus 0.003 inch (depending on size and shape), were met consistently without the use of a grinding operation. This departure from the conventional procedure (use of binders, lubricants, high forming pressures, and grinding to final dimensions) was developed with the aim of lowering production costs of sintered UO/sub 2/ shapes. (auth)


Since World War II, auto and truck flows over highways--especially the Interstate Highway System--have been viewed as the primary link between rural America and the population centers of metropolitan cities. Many rural places see access to a four-lane highway in their county or town as the key to development. Since most of rural America is now dominated by manufacturing, rural development proponents suggest that good highway transportation is the missing link to development of their area. The effects of highways can be distributional (shifts in the incidence of economic activity among locations) and/or developmental (changes in the total level of economic activity). The objective of this paper is to establish what is known about the role of highways in regional economies. Infrastructure has historically been closely associated with the process of economic growth and development. Relevant questions for policymakers are, does infrastructure still stimulate economic development and if it does, do highways contribute to rural economic development or are alternative types of infrastructure more important; and what kinds of impacts do highways have on the location (distribution) of economic activity. The impact of a particular highway investment will be largely distributional when, for example, the public expenditure involved would have been made in another location, or on another type of project or service if the project in question had not been chosen. Developmental impacts are more fundamental changes in the structure of the economy, in the economic base, and the size and composition of the economic multiplier.


The reaction centers of PSI and PSII in chloroplast thylakoids are the major generation site of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Photoreduction of oxygen to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in PSI was discovered over 50 years ago by [Mehler (1951)][1]. Subsequently, the primary reduced product was identified


Neostigmine bromide in plasma was precipitated with picric acid sodium hydroxide solution before vortex,and was extracted with tetrabutylammonium chloride.After centrifuging,the supernatant was determined by reversed phase ion-pair HPLC with a lichrospher C18 column(4.6mm×250mm,5μm),and 77% 0.01mol/L heptane-1-sulfonic acid sodium salt solution(pH was adjusted to 3.0) and 23% acetonitrile as mobile phase.The detection wavelength was 260nm,flow rate was 1.0mL/min and the column tempreture was 30℃.The detection limit of neostigmine bromide was 0.005mg/mL,the quantitation limit of neostigmine bromide in plasma was 0.01mg/L.The linear range of the neostigmine bromide plasma was 0.05—10.0mg/L,with r=0.9991.The method is rapid,accurate for determination of neostigmine bromide in plasma.


This paper explores major application development technologies such as Sun's Java 2 Micro Edition (J2ME) and Wireless Application Protocol (WAP). Furthermore, a prototype wireless application called 'AnyWhere Bookshop' is designed and implemented. This application provides any time, anywhere access to information resources with efficient user interfaces.


Inspired by the notion of swarm robotics, sensing, and minimalism, in this paper, we study and analyze how a collection of only 1D depth scans can be used as a part of the minimum feature for human body detection and its segmentation in a point cloud. In relation to the traditional approaches which require a complete point cloud model representation for skeleton model reconstruction, our proposed approach offers a lower computation and power consumption, especially in sensor and robotic networks. Our main objective is to investigate if the reduced number of training data through a collection of 1D scans of a subject is related to the rate of recognition and if it can be used to accurately detect the human body and its posture. The method takes advantage of the frequency components of the depth images (here, we refer to it as a 1D scan). To coordinate a collection of these 1D scans obtained through a sensor network, we also proposed a sensor scheduling framework. The framework is evaluated using two stationary depth sensors and a mobile depth sensor. The performance of our method was analyzed through movements and posture details of a subject having two relative orientations with respect to the sensors with two classes of postures, namely, walking and standing. The novelty of the paper can be summarized in 3 main points. Firstly, unlike deep learning methods, our approach would require a smaller dataset for training. Secondly, our case studies show that the method uses very limited training dataset and still can detect the unseen situation and reasonably estimate the orientation and detail of the posture. Finally, we propose an online scheduler to improve the energy efficiency of the network sensor and minimize the number of sensors required for surveillance monitoring by employing a mobile sensor to recover the occluded views of the stationary sensors. We showed that with the training data captured on 1 m from the camera, the algorithm can detect the detailed posture of the subject from 1, 2, 3, and 4 meters away from the sensor during the walking and standing with average accuracy of 93% and for different orientation with respect to the sensor by 71% accuracy.


This paper analyzes investment and innovation in science and technology industrial enterprises as the breakthrough point,based on the DEA method of evaluating the research to the Shanxi Province industrial enterprise performance levels,results showed that the science and technology input and output levels also increased after 1996,the performance level rise,but its overall innovation performance is relatively low,21 years total efficiency value is 1,DEA effective decision unit has reached eight,accounts for only 38% of the total,the rest are not DEA efficient.Science and technology funding investment is related to redundancy,the utilization rate of funds investment and the conversion rate is not high.Therefore,countermeasures must be taken.


GPS control networks have been widely used in establishing plane control. Due to the difference of purpose, environment of geographical and deviation of benchmark datum of control network, these factors complicated aspects of datum processing, quality verifying and controlling of GPS control network. This paper summarized the solving methods of several projects, and would be valuable for similar practice.


Seasonal variations in the phytoplankton density, diversity, gross production and related physicochemical parameters of Poonthura estuary have been followed for a period of one year. The polluted nature of the water body favored a higher density of phytoplankters, which exhibited a positive correlation with gross production. The influence of various physicochemical parameters, phytoplankton density and species diversity on gross production is discussed.


* Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq. Introduction Plants and their metabolites have a long history of use in folk medicine for the prevention and treatment of diseases and infection. Treatment of infectious diseases lead to development excessive use of antibacterial agents which resulted in the antibacterial resistant which increase the chance of treatment failure. Antibacterial resistance due to accepting of resistance genes by horizontal gene transfer, target alteration of drugs, low permeability systems and grow in a specific growth state like biofilm are important mechanisms involved in bacterial resistance. Bacterial biofilm is a sessile life form defined as community of microorganisms attached to a biotic or abiotic substrate surface and submerged into extracellular slimy matrix. Bacterial biofilms have been reported to have useful effects on food chains, sewage treatment plants, on other hand have harmful effects serves to encourage bacteria persistence by resisting antibacterial treatment and host immune responses. Biofilm causes numerous infections such as chronic otitis media, chronic prostatitis, chronic pneumonia in patients with cystic fibrosis, infections of orthopedic devices. The factors that are contributed to resistance in biofilm forming bacteria includes the slow growth rate, decreased diffusion of antimicrobials and accumulation of enzymes that are involved in the resistance. Approximately 60% of human infections are reported to be Background and objective: Ammi majus belongs to family Apiaceae is an important plant used in a different country traditionally for treatment bacterial infection. This study aimed to investigate in vitro antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of Ammi majus seed extracts against six isolated Gram-positive bacteria. Methods: The antibacterial activity of seed extracts were screened by disk diffusion and agar overlay bioautography method and their activities were further determined by minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentration. Biofilm formation was evaluated by the microtiter plate crystal violet assay. The quantity of bound bacteria was determined by measuring absorbance at (OD630 nm) using microtiter plate reader. Results: Ethanol 80% and ethyl acetate extracts showed variable activity against all isolated bacteria while petroleum ether extract revealed resistance against studied bacteria. Streptococcus mitis showed more pronounced sensitivity against both extracts by disk diffusion (12 mm and 10 mm) and bioautography method with minimum inhibitory concentration 7.8125 mg/ml of ethanol 80% and 15.625 mg/ml for ethyl acetate extracts. Ethanol 80% and ethyl acetate extract significantly reduced biofilm formation as compared to control, showed antibiofilm activity at 0.4883-62.5 mg/ml and exhibited strongest antibiofim activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Conclusion: Ammi majus seed extracts revealed highest antibacterial activity against Streptococcus species and strongest antibiofilm activity on Staphylococcus species.


Starting with how the noise of the ventilators travels,and the attenuation factors of the noise of coal mining air,and starting the method of controlling the noise out of the acoustic source,namely the ventilators which have been brought into service,chief measures will be taken to lower the noise,to make reasonable structural reforms to fix adequate noise silencers by locally controlling the traveling.


The radioactive aerosols are produced during the operation of nuclear power plants will cause certain harm to human body. Dry deposition is one of the important factors affecting the aerosols deposition to the ground, and radioactive aerosols and common aerosols have similar properties in terms of dry deposition. Based on the similarity theory, with the help of the newly built environmental wind tunnel of the China Institute for Radiation Protection, with a part of a nuclear power plant site as a research object, and the wind tunnel simulation experiment of aerosol dry deposition characteristics was carried out in groups. The particle dynamic analyzer (PDA) was used to measure and calculate the dry deposition velocity of aerosol particles, and the results are grouped, analyzed and discussed. The research results show that when the variables are controlled, when the underlying surfaces are the same, compared with aerosol particles with particle sizes of 0-2 μm and 2-5 μm, the dry deposition velocity of aerosol particles greater than 5 μm is more likely to change with the increase of wind speed.


This paper presents a learning activity for the subject "Machines and Mechanisms" in a bachelor's degree in Electrical Engineering that allows to work on several specific and generic competences for a large group of students. This activity consists of seeking a real mechanism and following some steps to analyze it, so that the students can improve their knowledge and understanding of the subject area. This activity is planned in a way that forces the students to put different skills into play, further than just dealing with the technical issues of it. Peer-assessment is carried out alongside the activity to encourage deeper learning. A full description of the activity is presented, together with the assessment tools and the results for this course


Previous research on second language vocabulary acquisition has shown that learning to use a new word is not a simple matter of making a form–meaning connection. Knowing a word instead requires mastery of as many as nine different aspects of vocabulary knowledge (Nation, 2001). The current study uses data from five beginning-level textbooks of German as a foreign language that are widely used at American universities to examine which of these aspects of vocabulary knowledge are addressed in textbook activities. The results show that activities in lower-level German textbooks focus overwhelmingly on form–meaning connections and grammatical functions while ignoring other aspects, such as collocations, word parts, and concept and referents. A pedagogical approach that takes the entire classroom ecology into account is suggested.


This paper presents, a simple and robust Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) for vibration control of a Vehicle Active Suspension System (VASS) and compares with conventional Proportional, Integral and Derivative (PID) controller and an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) controller which is trained with conventional control data. The main objective is to enhance the travelling comfort to the passengers with the use of controllers for VASS when subjected to road disturbance. The simulation is carried out using MATLAB/SIMULINK software. Simulation results show that the ANFIS works well for the suppression of the vibration of vehicle body acceleration when subjected to random road excitation compared to passive system, PID and ANN controller based active systems.


At a historical moment in which educational institutions and teachers are rethinking their way of working as a consequence, among other factors, of the crisis created by the Covid-19 Pandemic, the authors propose the fulfillment of seven didactic functions that, according to their research, increase the probabilities of developmental learning as a viable way of working the "potential development zone" and with it the real educational attention, despite the form of organization of teaching: face-to-face, virtual, distance, through case study, problem solving, projects, etc. What essentially guarantees learning are the didactic functions of what the authors call the "ELI method".


Simulating the interaction between groundwater and surface water can help in assessing the impacts of development on water resources. A new computer modeling package (LAK2) was developed for simulating lakegroundwater iteraction with the popular MODFLOW (Modular Three-Dimensional Finite-Difference Ground-Water Flow Model) program, including lake-steam interaction using MODFLOW's steamflow routing (STR2) package. The new transient package solves for steady-state or lake stage, or the can stage be specified by the user. The new lake package builds on the capabilities of previously-documented packages (LAK1 by Cheng and Anderson and RES1 by Fenske and others). The utility of the LAK2 package is demonstrated with a real-world example in which modeling is used to predict lake level decline at four lakes in response to groundwater drawdown resulting from the operation of a proposed underground mine.


In this thesis a new signal processing technique is presented. This technique exploits the use of pulses as the signalling mechanism. This Palmo1 signalling method applied to signal processing is novel, combining the advantages of both digital and analogue techniques. Pulsed signals are robust, inherently low-power, easily regenerated, and easily distributed across and between chips. The Palmo cells used to perform analogue operations on the pulsed signals are compact, fast, simple and programmable. To demonstrate the inherent suitability of the technique to programmable analogue implementations, two chips were fabricated and tested on boards containing a standard FPGA for doing the routing. Results from elementary lter implementations and A/D converters are presented to prove the validity of the approach. Finally a current-mode log-domain BiCMOS Palmo circuit is analysed, which enables much higher sample frequencies than the voltage domain Palmo counterparts. 1The name Palmo is derived from the Hellenic word A MO which means pulsebeat, pulse palpitation or series of pulses. Table of


There have been numerous case studies of prison graffiti produced in the Spanish Empire. Most publish archaeological finding; only a few approach them as historical testimony that may provide a series of information about those who produced them and the times they lived in. However, none have undertaken an overview covering all the territories held by the Spanish crown during the 16th-18th centuries. This paper aims to do by piecing together the evidence collected to date in order to draw some general conclusions about the reasons that drove prisioners to write and draw on the walls of their prisons


One of the digital image advantages is their simple structure consisting in mapping of a region, an object or a phenomenon onto the plane divided into elementary squares – pixels The imperfections of the raster modeling of reality are compensated by access to the wide spectrum of digital images processing methods, being developed in many scientific fields It is worth to note the large efficiency of the raster solutions in the data transfer. This is clearly seen in the Internet, where the user is often not aware of how large are the files from which the images visualized on the screen are made. In spite of the huge progress in the image processing, not all operations give satisfactory results The detecting of edges can be an example. This is very effective for the images with high contrast and simple content, but considerably less effective for the multitonal images of natural scenes This example was given because the edges detecting occurs, directly or indirectly, in the most of the methods automating the image processing in the photogrammetric technology (for instance, in automatic aerotriangulation and automatic generation of the data for NMT constructing). The radiometric quality is often neglected when looking for the reasons of the unsatisfactory quality of the automatic images analysis Meanwhile, the image noise can substantially reduce the efficiency of image processing, especially in the case of images with low contrast and containing many fragments with finegrained structure, with which we deal often in photogrammetry and remote sensing. 59 GEOMATICS AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING Volume 2 Number 1 2008


We provide the first documentation of morphological variation in the lower first molar (m1) of Lemmiscus curtatus from southern Canada. A total of 370 specimens were obtained from owl pellets taken from 4 localities in southern Saskatchewan. The 4 most common morphotypes are, in order of descending relative abundance, molars with 5 closed triangles and a well-developed but widely open sixth triangle, molars with 5 closed triangles and a sixth triangle that is pinched at the confluence of the anterior cap, molars with 5 closed triangles and incipient closure of the sixth triangle from the anterior cap, and specimens with 6 closed triangles. As is true of other modern populations of L. curtatus, the samples from Saskatchewan include no morphotypes with only 4 closed triangles. This collection is notable for the relatively high proportion of specimens with pinched, incipient, or full closure of a sixth triangle on the m1, and it also highlights the complex dynamics of dental evolution in arvicoline rodents.


ABSTRACT In this paper, I explore the notions of 'community' and 'trust' with regard to Congolese refugees living in the city Kampala, Uganda. I collected the primary data from individual refugees and refugee communities in 2010–2011. Jabareen and Carmon's [2010. "Community of Trust: A Socio-cultural Approach for Community Planning and the Case of Gaza." Habitat International 34: 446–453] analytical framework on 'communities of trust' is applied in this paper. I analyse refugees' five distinct types of 'communities of trust' here by examining three mutually reinforcing community-elements: daily life practices, basic beliefs and attitudes, and shared space. I conclude that certain communities identified by the refugees form an important informal 'space of protection' for them. Participation in community activities does not, however, automatically signify a strong sense of belonging. Shared beliefs and attitudes bring refugees together and act as reinforcing factors in community building. Inter-community mistrust also strengthens intra-community trust. Urban refugee communities occupy various micro-spaces in their city of exile, and engage both in acts of resistance and cooperation when it comes to their spatial practices. These main findings have implications for refugee communities and for agencies and authorities working with these communities.


This paper proposes a high-resolution and high-frame rate CMOS image sensor with column-wise cyclic ADC. The proposed ADC uses the sharing techniques of OTAs and capacitors for low-power consumption and small silicon area. The proposed ADC was verified implementing the prototype chip as QVGA image sensor. The measured maximum frame rate is 120 fps, and the power consumption is 130 mW. The power supply is 3.3 V, and the die size is . The prototype chip was fabricated in a 2-poly 3-metal CMOS process.


Objective:The study is to probe into the reason of sterility by treating sterilite patients with tubal paten test by liquid instillation and observing gestational codition.Methods:509 cases were divided into two groups and treated with tubal patent by different liquid medicine.The pregnancy rates of two periods of treatment were compared.Results:As for the reasons of secondary sterility by abortion and uterine curetage are the most important ones,next is intrauterine device and the last is pelvic inflammatory disease.After wto periods of tretment,218 patients with fallapian tube in group A(296cases)were patent,weth the patent rate of approximinataly 73.64%,213cases treated in six monthes,have pregnancy rate of approximinataly 96.30%.92 cases in group B(213cases)are patent,with the patent rate of 43.20%,and 58 cases treated in six monthes,with pregnancy rate of approximinataly 27.23%( P 0 01).Conclusion:The most important methods in treating sterility and increasing pregnancy rate are prevernting convalsion in tubal patent test,avoiding secondary conglutination,and preventing infection after tubal patent test.


The aim of research to analyze the actual profit, profit maximization, and the sensitivity of chilli and tomato farm in the village of Pombewe, District Sigi Biromaru, Sigi. The sampling technique conducted a census that as many as 17 people . Data collected by interview using interview guideline. Secondary data obtained from the village monograph, BPS and various journals.  The results using the actual profit earned revenue analysis of chilli and tomato farming in aggregate on an area of 0.69 Ha reached Rp 43.331.876,47, and partially chili farm with an area of 0.33 Ha reached Rp 23.280.509,12 and tomato farming with an area of 0.36 Ha reached Rp 20.051.387,35.  Analysis using linear program obtained maximization profit of Rp 129 599 700, - with chilli farming area of 1.03 Ha and 1.02 Ha of farming tomatoes. Sensitivity analysis of optimization that has been achieved is determined by the change in the willingness of each seed seeds chili> 16.20 sachet or tomato seeds> 29.72 sachet. Keywords : Maximization of profit, farming chilli, tomato farming .


This paper describes some of the most recent work on continuous speech recognition using phoneme-level hidden Markov models (HMMs) which has been conducted at the UK Speech Research Unit as part of the ARM (Airborne Reconnaissance Mission) project [11]. The goal of the project is automatic recognition of spoken airborne reconnaissance reports. The project draws on many years of research undertaken in the UK by the Joint Speech Research Unit and the current RSRE Speech Research Unit, and also on the work on continuous speech recognition using sub-word HMMs which has been conducted under the current DARPA programme, particularly at MIT Lincoln Laboratory [5] and Carnegie Mellon University [3], and by the speech groups at IBM and BBN.


While the ERA40 project by European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ECMWF) provides ozone reanalysis data,in order to use the data more effectively and reasonably,a comparison analysis is done for the ERA40 and Halogen Occultation Experiment(HALOE) data.Ratios of noise relative to signal are estimated firstly by HALOE observational ozone concentration on seasonal and interannual timescales respectively.The results indicate that there are significant seasonal and interannual variations in a large part of stratosphere.The comparison analyses suggest that seasonal variation of ozone from ERA40 is similar to that from HALOE observations,whereas interannual variation of ozone from ERA40 is greatly weaker than that of HALOE observations in the tropical middle stratosphere,but is stronger at middle latitudes in the lower stratosphere.


Objective
To compare biomechanical effects of augmentative plating assisted by different types and numbers of intramedullary nails in the treatment of nonunion of femoral shaft fracture after intramedullary nailing.

Methods
Twenty-five specimens of synthetic femur were randomly divided into an experimental group (20 bones) and a control group (5 bones) . All the bones were made into models of nonunion of femoral shaft fracture after intramedullary nailing. The control group was subjected to no augmentative plating. The experimental group was further divided into 4 subgroups (n=5) which were subjected to fixation respectively by: a 7-hole plate with 3 bicortical screws on each side, a 7-hole plate with 3 unicortical screws on each side, a 5-hole plate with 2 bicortical screws on each side, and a 5-hole plate with 2 unicortical screws on each side. The torque values of all the subgroups were measured and compared when the models were subjected to torsional angles of 5°, 10°, 15°, 20° and 25°.

Results
The anti-torsional strengths at torsional angles of 5°, 10°, 15°, 20° and 25° in the 4 experimental groups were all significantly greater than in the control group (P<0.05) . At a torsion angle of 25°, the mean torque value in the 3-bicortical-screw group (46.51±6.66 nm) was significantly greater than in the 2-bicortical-screw group (39.03±8.52 nm) (P<0.05) . At torsion angles of 5°, 10° and 25°, the mean torque values in the 3-unicortical-screw group (13.48±1.68 nm, 23.29±3.72 nm and 48.19±5.34 nm, respectively) were significantly greater than in the 3-unicortical-screw group (9.56±3.62 nm, 16.99±5.49 nm and 38.69±6.56 nm, respectively) (P<0.05) . At torsion angles of 20° and 25°, the mean torque values in the 3-unicortical-screw group (39.15±5.07 nm and 48.19±5.34 nm) were significantly greater than in the 2-bicortical-screw group (32.50±5.65 nm and 39.03±8.52 nm) (P<0.05).

Conclusions
The anti-torsional strength of fixation by 3 screws on each side is significantly greater than by 2 screws on each side. When the number of screws is the same, there is no significant difference between fixation by unicortical locking screws and that by bicortical conventional screws. Augmentative plating with 3 unicortical screws or 3 bicortical conventional screws on each side is recommended for treatment of nonunion of femoral shaft fracture after intramedullary nailing.

Key words:
Femoral fractures; Fractures, ununited; Bone plates; Fracture fixation, internal; Biomechanics


The joint effort of a cutting tool manufacturer and a coating specialist led to the development of a soft solid lubricant based cutting tool coating (Patents pending!). It is applied by an advanced sputtering technique as a very thin uniform coating with a good adherence to the tools. It has a low coefficient of friction and a low affinity to alloy materials like aluminum, titanium and precious metals. These factors and others allow the machining at high spindle speed and feed rates with an excellent workpiece surface finish. Values can be maintained which are far superior to even those permitted for cemented carbide tools. In some cases, productivity and tool life can be increased by a factor of up to 20.


This is a lightly revised doctoral dissertation examining the representation of the emperor in the forty or so surviving Latin panegyrics written for emperors ranging from Domitian (an excursus on Statius) to Anthemius. The bulk of the book examines the processes by which an idealized image of the emperor was established. There are few surprises here; but M.'s analysis of the speeches clarifies beautifully the range of possibilities available, and concurrently the constraints operating within a genre so tightly controlled by convention. The material is lucidly sifted and usefully presented, and provides ample evidence of the ideological continuity of the principate. M.'s description of the social function and context of panegyric is also compelling. The original audience for these speeches was small, the Emperor, his court, and chosen local dignitaries; a conventional propaganda function is thus ruled out. The orator was usually a local rhetorician, someone with a certain status, which could be significantly enhanced by success in this medium. The speech was not a vehicle for conveying information, but rather an opportunity for the audience to see their common rhetorical heritage reworked in an inventive manner. Simultaneously, particular needs of the community could be conveyed to the court, although in a manner likewise wholly circumscribed by convention. The excitement of the speech lay, M. argues, not in the matter conveyed, but in the audiences' appreciation of the convention. A situation not dissimilar from that of, say, Pindar's victory odes. The written copy of the speech would then circulate because it was of interest to those whose rhetorical interests made the latest reworking of the convention something to be learnt from and imitated.


By measuring base erosion only through certain related party outbound payments, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act misses much of the profit shifting that has created the more than $2.6 trillion of overseas untaxed profits. This article shows how the base erosion provisions in the legislation could be easily expanded to make them truly effective and a real disincentive to continued profit shifting.


Interpretations on each classic are based on a new creation of the interpreter in nature. The spectacular history of the Yi-ology is actually a history of interpretation on Yi jing. Departing from the development of the Yi-ology history and from the angle of hermeneutics,this paper aims at analyzing different interpretative characteristics in different dynasties and sketching the development of interpretations with the transference,deduction . perceiving, proliferation of the meanings, and returning to the original meanings to clarify the development of the Yi-ology history.


Research into the topology control of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is geared towards modeling and analysis of methods that may be potentially harnessed to optimize the structure of connections. However, in practice, the ideas and concepts provided by researchers have actually been rarely used by network designers, while sensor systems that have already been deployed and are under continued development in urban environments frequently differ from the patterns and research models available. Moreover, easy access to diversified wireless technologies enabling new solutions to be empirically developed and popularized has also been conducive to strengthening this particular trend.


Ramanujan's Continued Fraction may be stated as follows: Let where there are eight gamma functions in each product and the ambiguous signs are so chosen that the argument of each gamma function contains one of the specified number of minus signs. Then where the products and the sums on the right range over the numbers α, β, γ, δ, ε: provided that one of the numbers β, γ, δ, ε is equal to ± ±n, where n is a positive integer. In 1935, Watson (3) proved the theorem by induction and also gave a basic analogue. In this paper we give a new proof of Ramanujan's Continued Fraction by using the transformation of Bauer and Muir in the theory of continued fractions (Perron (1), §7;(2), §2).


The SIN4 locus encodes a global transcriptional regulator of various yeast genes. In this report, we demonstrate that loss of function mutations in SIN4 create a multi‐drug hypersensitive phenotype that is independent of PDR5 mediated resistance. Thus, double sin4, pdr5 mutants are more sensitive than single mutants. Furthermore, SIN4 does not regulate the PDR5 locus. These observations establish that yeast cells have two genetically distinct pathways conferring resistance towards similar substrates. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


An embedding domain method for the stationary incompressible Navier-Stokes equations is presented. The method is useful for solving the equations or complicated-shaped or varying domains. The original domain is embedded in a so-called fictitious one. On the latter an equivalent formulation of the Navier-Stokes equation is derived. Existence and uniqueness results of its solution(s) are presented. The structure of and solution methods for the discrete systems and numerical issues are discussed. An algorithm for finding the trace of the original boundary in the fictitious domain are given. Numerical results for the fictitious domain method are compared with those from computations on the original domain. As test case the 2-D flow around a circular cylinder in a channel is used.


This paper investigates the links between locational conditions, innovative capabilities, and internationalization of manufacturing small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Two modes of foreign market servicing are explored: exporting activity and relocating of selected business activities abroad. The analysis is based on the survey of about 3000 firms. The results reveal that the outputs of SMEs' innovative activities – product innovations and patent applications – enhance exporting propensity. Nevertheless, the input-side indicator – R&D intensity – appears to exert no impact. Furthermore, the locational factor proximity to research institutions promotes SMEs' exporting. Regarding the determinants of selective relocations abroad, the findings show that SMEs with a high degree of R&D are less likely to separate production from other operations and relocate it abroad. Moreover, manufacturing SMEs assessing the proximity to research facilities, as well as support from various regional authorities as important and good-quality locational conditions, exhibit a significantly lower likelihood to relocate selected activities abroad.


: Physical Education has certain uniqueness and plays an important role in cultivating students' all-round development. Therefore, it is of great significance for local normal colleges to carry out the reform of the training mode of physical education talents. The study believes that the construction of a new model for the training of physical education talents requires relevant scientific research on the training program, training standards and curriculum system construction of physical education professionals at this stage, and should pay attention to the penetration and interpretation of the reflective practical education concept in all links.


Nursing and medical care for facture patients is challenged by several issues such as unavailability of a suitable bone graft, challenges associated with autologous bone graphing, and rejection of the bone graft. In the current study, Moringa oleifera extract was loaded into
 chitosan nanoparticles and the resulting delivery system was added into a collagen solution and lyophilized to produce a bioactive bone graft. Various In vitro experiments were performed to characterize the nanocomposite scaffolds and their healing function was evaluated in a rat model
 of calvarial defect. In vitro studies showed that the scaffolds protected MG-63 cells against oxidative stress and had a porous microstructure. Histopathological studies showed that the scaffolds loaded with Moringa oleifera extract augmented bone injury healing to a higher extent
 than other groups. Furthermore, gene expression studies showed that the rats treated with Moringa oleifera extract-loaded scaffolds had significantly higher tissue expression levels of osteopontin, Osteonectin, collagen type 1, collagen type 2, and VEGFa genes.