To investigate the differences between the photosynthetic characteristics of different soybean varieties,diurnal variation of main photosynthetic index was determined for five different soybean varieties by using LI-Cor 6400 portable photosynthesis system in the field condition at flowering and podding stage.And the content of chlorophyll was also determined.The results showed:At flowering stage,net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate showed a typical bimodal curve,peaking at 10:00 and 15:00;At podding stage,the transpiration rate represented a typical diauxie curve,which reached its highest peak ahead of 2 h,however,the net photosynthetic rate was characterized by a unimodal curve with a peak at 10:00;The highest stomatal conduc-tance was in the morning,and changed slowly after 9:00;Intercellular CO2 concentration was higher in the morning and evening,with little change between 9:00 and 16:00;The SPAD Value of different soybean varieties had no significant difference at flowering stage,and Zhongdou No.8 was significantly lower than the other varieties at podding stage.The study showed that the diurnal variation of photosynthetic index had its regularity among five soybean varieties.It was concluded that the selecting of soybean varieties with high photosynthetic efficiency should take into account of various indicators of photosynthetic characteristics.


Systematic Network Coding (SNC) has been studied recent years and it got perfect effect on stable satellite link. However, its performance on interfered satellite link is unsatisfactory according to our research. This paper firstly proposes a novel architecture solution named K-SNC on Link Layer (LL) to improve the goodput of the communication on interfered link. In K-SNC, a Variant of Kalman Filter (VKF) is designed to estimate Packet Erase Rate (PER) in real time and a method is introduced to adjust Encoding Window (ECW) adaptively. A mathematical model is developed as the foundation of VKF about PER changing trend with time lapsing. The relationship is analyzed between the appropriate size of ECW in SNC and the PER on satellite link. Simulation works are implemented with NS-2. In comparison with SNC, K-SNC gets impressive improvement on stable satellite link and provides up to more than 30% higher goodput on the satellite link suffering unpredictable interference.


Inspired from the idea of data fields, a community discovery algorithm based on topological potential is proposed. The basic idea is that a topological potential function is introduced to analytically model the virtual interaction among all nodes in a network and, by regarding each community as a local high potential area, the community structure in the network can be uncovered by detecting all local high potential areas margined by low potential nodes. The experiments on some real-world networks show that the algorithm requires no input parameters and can discover the intrinsic or even overlapping community structure in networks. The time complexity of the algorithm is O(m+n3/γ )~O(n2), where n is the number of nodes to be explored, m is the number of edges, and 2γ 3 is a constant.


The late 1980s and early 1990s have witnessed an unprecedented period of top‐down reform in the English educational system. Successive Conservative administrations (first led by Margaret Thatcher, and subsequently by John Major) have sought to introduce the principles and discipline of the market‐place as a means of 'raising standards' for 'every child'. Simultaneously, issues of 'racial' and ethnic diversity have been swept from the policy agenda, which is now dominated by a de‐racialized discourse that assumes an avowedly 'colour‐blind' approach. This paper explores the position of black/African Caribbean young people within this changing picture. Drawing on a range of data (including statistical material on rates of expulsion from school and the examination achievements of successive cohorts of students in major centres of ethnic minority residence), the paper concludes that the reforms have done little to improve the lot of black students. Indeed, in certain areas, the scale of black/white inequality ...


Let µ beagivenprobabilitymeasureand M µ thesetof µ -equivalentstrictlypositiveproba- bility densities. In this paper we construct a Banach manifold on M µ , modeled on the space L ∞ ( p · µ) where p is a reference density, for the non-parametric q -exponential statistical models (Tsallis's deformed exponential), where 0 < q < 1 is any real number. This family is characterized by the fact that when q → 1, then the non-parametric exponential models are obtained and the manifold constructed by Pistone and Sempi is recovered, up to continuous embeddings on the modeling space. The coordinate mappings of the manifold are given in terms of Csiszár's Φ -divergences; the tangent vectors are identified with the one-dimensional q -exponential models and q -deformations of the score function.


The study aimed to evaluate the performance of drip irrigation systems with the application of wastewater from cassava processing with different concentrations of suspended solids, by determining the Christiansen's uniformity coefficient (CUC). The experiment was conducted at an agroindustry in the West of Parana, Brazil, where 6 irrigation systems were installed (varying between two hydraulic loads and three concentrations of suspended solids in the wastewater applied), operated at different time periods. Thirty trials were performed for each treatment and the flow of the drippers was collected using the methodology of Keller and Karmeli. In general, the irrigation systems demonstrated an excellent performance regarding uniformity of distribution of the wastewater, for which all the coefficients were above 90%. The increase in the process capability index showed to be directly proportional to the increase in uniformity of distribution, which enables us to check if the system is able to sustain adequate levels of uniformity.


Experiments have been undertaken using the VEGA-3 petawatt laser system at the Centro de Láseres Pulsados (CLPU) facility in Salamanca to investigate electron and ion acceleration in under-dense plasma. The respective longitudinal and transverse fields of the 'bubble' structure of a laser wakefield accelerator (LWFA) simultaneously accelerates electrons to GeV energies, and ions to 100s keV/u to MeV/u energies. The laser is configured to produce two ultra-intense laser pulses, each with a minimum pulse duration of 30 fs and a variable inter-pulse delay up to 300 fs. The double pulses can superpose or resonantly excite the LWFA bubble to increase the accelerating fields. By focusing the laser beam into a 2.74 mm diameter supersonic jet of He gas, using an F/10.4 parabola, an initial intensity of up to ≈1019 Wcm−2 can be realized at focus. This ionises the gas to produce plasma and the imposes a ponderomotive force that creates the LWFA accelerating structures. For backing pressures of 30 – 60 bar, corresponding to plasma densities of 1–4×1019 cm−3, the fields of the LWFA can exceed 200 MV/m, which is sufficient to accelerate electrons to GeV energies, and ions to 100s keV/u. This study focuses on ion acceleration in the transverse direction. He+1 and He+2 ion spectra have been measured using a Thompson parabola spectrometer and a multi-channel plate detector. He ions with energies up to a few hundred keV/u are observed for both single pulses (5.0 J) and double pulses (5.0 J and 3.6 J, respectively), where the inter-pulse delay is varied between 0 fs and ± 300 fs. The measured spectra are consistent with numerical simulations. Ions are observed to undergo electron exchange in the neutral surrounding gas, which produces different charge states ions and neutral atoms.


With the increasing demand for high performance of remote resource access in transparent computing, there is a requirement to design a multi-level cache framework to alleviate the network latency. Existing cache frameworks in CPU and web systems cannot be applied simply because the remote resource access architecture needs to be extended to support multi-level cache, and the ways that resources are accessed in transparent computing require specific designs. In this article, we propose a multi-level cache framework for remote resource access in transparent computing. Based on the low latency feature of edge computing, we extend the remote resource access architecture to an architecture with multi-level caches by setting caches on the edge devices with low network latency. Then we design a hybrid multi-level cache hierarchy and make corresponding cache policies. Through a case study, we show the effectiveness of our design. Finally, we discuss several future research issues for deploying the proposed multi-level cache framework.


Male sexual function depends upon a complex inter-relationship between psychological, neurological, vascular and hormonal factors. Testosterone is responsible for the initiation, development and maintenance of primary and secondary sexual characteristics as well as having a role in male sexual behavior and potency. In adults, testosterone deficiency is associated with reduced libido and potency, infertility, lethargy and a number of behavioral modifications. This article reviews what is known about the role of testosterone on the mechanism of penile erection and describes the results of the experimental designs and animals models used in the study of erectile physiology. In animals, testosterone seems to have an action on some neurotransmitters of erectile mechanism, while in man, its role is mainly on the behavioral aspects.


The goal of the project is to design and build a low-cost diesel locomotive train simulator for training and recreational purposes. From the safety viewpoint, railways across the world find the use of simulators very effective. Using simulators enhance the quality of training and guarantees a constant high level of long term proficiency, while reducing training time. The simulator can also be used by the gaming community for a realistic experience while playing train driving simulation games on a personal computer. The aim was to build a low-cost driver console simulator using off-the-shelf components, which can be installed at various crew resting points across the Indian Railways network to provide an easily accessible and realistic locomotive driving experience to the loco pilots, other crew members of the train and for recreational purposes.


Automaticity is a measure of descriptional complexity for formal languages L, and measures how closely L can be approximated by regular languages. I survey some of the known results and open problems on automaticity. I also discuss a measure which I call \rationality", and explain how it generalizes the well-known concept of linear complexity.


With the development of tourism, intelligent electronic tourism guides are welcomed widely. In this paper, a self-service tourism guide system based on RFID was designed. The system consists of RFID tags and handheld terminals. Handheld terminal includes ZLG500BTG+ module, VS1003 audio decoder module, SD card data storage module. It implants FAT32 file system, and can use data redirection function to deal with data, which makes the microcontroller complete the main control function of the whole system with less hardware resources. The system is suitable for the museums, exhibitions, and other intensive places.


Galsan Tschinag is one of the most important immigrant writers in Germany. His works, which characteristic of the Mongol nationality, were honored as "the Fortune of German Literature" by the magazine Die Zeit and enjoy a high reputation. His historical novel Genghis Khan's Nine Dreams revealed not only the glorious life of Genghis Khan, but also the distinctive panorama of Mongolia grassland. The novel is based on historical stories. The writer has an access to Mongolia image and Mongolia identification with the combination of history, character and site.


A new catalogue of 125 galactic SNRs is presented. A surface brightness-diameter relationship, corrected for variation in height I z I above the galactic plane, is derived and applied to the catalogue to yield I z I-corrected distances and diameters. A birth rate of about one every 30 or 40 years is indicated from the number-diameter diagram.


We study a radial basis functions least-squares (RBF-LS), a.k.a. kernel-based LS, collocation method of lines [arXiv:2109.03409] for solving surface diffusion problems. Our convergence analysis requires that collocation points has to be sufficiently dense with respect to the RBF centers. In this paper, we further study how oversampling ratio, which is the numbers of collocation points over that of RBF centers for quasi-uniform sets, affects eigenvalue stability, time stepping sizes taken by Runge–Kutta methods, and accuracy.


To avoid problems brought about by fitting length and straight-line fitting means in the conventional method of Hurst Exponent estimated,refinements based on improving scale length and sub-fitting method were proposed.Scale length was selected using the index of two,and curves of rescaled range sequence were divided into four sections.Then the appropriate curves were selected to fit,and linear slope got from the result is the estimated Hurst exponent value.By numerical simulation researchers verify that the method is of estimated accuracy than conventional Hurst Exponent estimation methods.This paper analyzes the effectiveness of Hurst exponent and approximate entropy from acoustic emission signals as characteristic parameters of the occurrence and intensity of rubbing.The experiment uses the Hurst exponent and approximate entropy extracted from the rub impact acoustic emission(AE) signals under different conditions obtained from a rotating test stand in a separate and combined form as the input of BP neural network to identify the different status of rubbing.The results of the experiment show that the method combining Hurst Exponent and Approximate Entropy is of higher recognizable accuracy.This paper provides a new approach for the identification of rotating machinery rubbing fault.


Abstract The unprecedented crisis of COVID‐19 posed severe negative consequences for consumers, marketers, and society at large. By investigating the effect of individuals' distance from the COVID‐19 epicenter (i.e., the geographical area in which COVID‐19 pandemic is currently most severe) on consumers' risk perception and subsequent behaviors, this research provides novel empirical findings that can offer practical insights for marketers. While intuitively, people expect individuals closer to the COVID‐19 epicenter to generate a greater risk perception of the pandemic, empirical evidence from four studies provides consistent results for the opposite effect. We find that a closer (vs. farther) distance to the epicenter associates with lower (vs. higher) perceived risk of the pandemic, leading to less (vs. more) irrational consumption behaviors. We refer to this phenomenon as the "distance proximity effect," which holds for both physical and psychological distances. We further demonstrated that this effect is mediated by consumers' perception of uncertainty and moderated by individuals' risk aversion tendency. The current research contributes to the literature of consumers' risk perception and irrational consumption by highlighting a novel factor of distance proximity. It also offers some timely insights into managing and intervening COVID‐19 related issues inside and outside an epicenter.


The equation of wave action of spiral Rossby wave in the baroclinic atmosphere has been derived with WKB method. If the background flow is time-independent, this equation is conservative.
Based on this conservative equation of wave action the necessary condition of instability in spiral Rossby wave case has been obtained. This condition is that the generalized gradient of the potential vorticity is equal to zero at least in a spacial curve within the region considered in the baroclinic atmosphere. This unstable criterion is the same as Other authors, such as Kuo, Charney and Stern and Eady under some simplified circumstances. By means of the equation of wave energy, it is indicated that the evolution of spiral Rossby wave depends upon the distribution of the wind speed and the shape of the trough or ridge line. The contributions of β and the jet are also discussed.


ABSTRACT While the idea of lifelong education in Spain is much older, the history of the concept begins in the 1960s. As digital libraries are becoming a source of new data for researchers, the aim of this study is to examine the history of the terms related to lifelong education and learning in Spain and other Spanish-speaking countries by using data published before 1960 and available in Massive Digital Libraries, such as Google Books and HathiTrust. The analysis of books and different kinds of texts and discourses published in Spanish from 1400 until 1959 revealed three formative periods in the development of lifelong education that begin in 18th-century Spain during the Enlightenment and spread to Latin America by the mid-19th century where most of the activity is focused in the following century. What emerges are different conceptualisations of permanent education shaped by the social, political, and economic context as well as influential philosophical movements, such as Krausism and positivism, on one hand, and by a variety of actors on the other hand.


Group 20 is a group of economies, comprising of developed and emerging economies, is a vital economic forum to deal with global issues, that the world has been facing. The Forum also provides or creates a consensus on the emerging issues that may have far reaching sequences, implications and impact on the growth and development of world economy. The group also suggests new ways and means to solve global issues and challenges. The latest meeting i.e. fifth at Seoul (South Korea) has also discussed the emerging issues namelytrade imbalances between cash-rich exporting economies and debt burdened importers and currency war due to foreign exchange rates especially between the US and China . The group has also discussed some other vital issues namelyMillennium Development Goals (MDG) and Doha Development round (DDR) affecting the growth and development of global economy. Informal gathering in China has also provided a basis and forum to developed and developing nations to discuss the critical issues formally in coming year. The present paper analyses the major issues of concern for the world and how these issues and challenges should be dealt and met by the Group-20 countries.


High tumor uptake of fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) is associated with an unfavorable outcome in patients with cancer. We evaluated FDG uptake as a prognostic factor in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.


Summary: Chronic gastric dilatation is a rarely diagnosed disease of the horse. The objective of this report was to describe the clinical and ultrasonographic findings of 20 cases of chronic gastric dilatation in horses. Furthermore, horses' clinical history, signalment and clinical and gastroscopic findings were recorded. Medication, feeding management and outcome are presented. Inclusion criteria were: 1) Clinical signs of recurrent abdominal discomfort or resistance to the riders leg; 2a) Repeated ultrasonographic finding of an enlarged stomach (more than five intercostal spaces), or alternatively; 2b) Repeated gastroscopic finding of an impacted stomach in combination with a subsequent sonographical confirmation; 3a) No gastric emptying following 12 hours of starvation, or 3b) Emptying but repeated episodes of dilatation following normal feeding regime; 4) Exclusion of acute gastric impactions and other gastrointestinal disorders. All horses had shown one or several of the following symptoms: repeated signs of discomfort, recurrent mild or moderate acute colic, defensive reaction when fixing the girth or against the riders left leg, chronic weight loss, poor performance and more. With exception of the rectal examination, clinical and laboratory examination was not conclusive. 19 horses showed an enlarged stomach at initial sonography (range: six to eleven intercostal spaces). The initial examination in one horse referred to our clinic was merely by gastroscopy. Gastroscopy was performed in eleven cases. The horses were treated with metoclopramide hydrochloride ( 0.1–0.15 mg/kg twice daily p.o.) and feeding management was adapted according to nutritionist's or veterinarian's recommendations. The mean duration of treatment was 16 months at submission of the manuscript. No side effects were observed. Seventeen of the treated horses survived in the long term. One horse was euthanized 10 days after start of treatment with metoclopramide hydrochloride, at the request of the owner as he had noticed no clinical improvement in that period of time. Two horses were euthanized because of orthopedic problems. Fifteen horses showed complete, and four horses partial clinical improvement after treatment and feeding management was adapted. Metoclopramide hydrochloride seemed effective for the long-term treatment of chronic gastric dilatation. Long-term administration of metoclopramide hydrochloride could be an alternative to bethanechol. Further studies are needed to determine the exact pathophysiologic mechanisms of chronic gastric dilatation and to determine the exact diagnostic findings related to different disease states.


The experience of producing a performance of the Verdi Requiem on the historical day of nine eleven (9 Sept. 2001) serves as the starting point for an examination of the emotional effect of music. The Verdi Requiem demonstrates that this effect resides in the combination of two features: on the one hand, music contributes to the emergence of a sense of community, on the other it rouses individual emotion. The analysis is developed into a meditation on the role of music in a democratic society.


To avoid adverse drug reactions, dose reductions are recommended when prescribing selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) to patients with impaired kidney function. The extent of this practice in routine clinical care is however unknown. We aimed to evaluate the starting and maintenance SSRI doses prescribed to patients stratified by levels of kidney function in real‐world practice.


The beneficial role of noise in the binary spike time dependent plasticity (STDP) learning rule, when implemented with memristors, is experimentally analyzed. The two memristor conductance states, which emulate the neuron synapse in neuromorphic architectures, can be better distinguished if a gaussian noise is added to the bias. The addition of noise allows to reach memristor conductances which are proportional to the overlap between pre- and post-synaptic pulses.


Research in 2004 and 2005 determined the effects of foliar-applied K-fertilizer sources (0-0-62-0 (%N-%P2O5-%K2O-%S), 0-0-25-17, 3-18-18-0, and 5-0-20-13) and additive rates (2.2, 8.8, and 17.6 kg K ha−1) on glyphosate-resistant soybean response and weed control. Field experiments were conducted at Novelty and Portageville with high soil test K and weed populations and at Malden with low soil test K and weed populations. At Novelty, grain yield increased with fertilizer additives at 8.8 kg K ha−1 in a high-yield, weed-free environment in 2004, but fertilizer additives reduced yield up to 470 kg ha−1 in a low-yield year (2005) depending on the K source and rate. At Portageville, K-fertilizer additives increased grain yield from 700 to 1160 kg ha−1 compared to diammonium sulfate, depending on the K source and rate. At Malden, there was no yield response to K sources. Differences in leaf tissue K , S , B , and Cu concentrations among treatments were detected 14 d after treatment at Novelty and Malden. Tank mixtures of K-fertilizer additives with glyphosate may provide an option for foliar K applications.


Context. The mechanism(s) behind coronal heating still elude(s) direct observation and modelling of viable theoretical processes and the subsequent effect on coronal structures is one of the key tools available to assess possible heating mechanisms. Wave-heating via phase-mixing of Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) transverse waves has been proposed as a possible way to convert magnetic energy into thermal energy but increasingly, MHD models suggest this is not a sufficiently efficient mechanism. Aims. We model heating by phase-mixing of transverse MHD waves in various configurations, to investigate whether certain circumstances can enhance the heating sufficiently to sustain the million degree solar corona and to assess the impact of the propagation and phase-mixing of transverse MHD waves on the structure of the boundary shell of coronal loops. Methods. We use 3D MHD simulations of a pre-existing density enhancement in magnetised medium and a boundary driver to trigger the propagation of transverse waves with the same power spectrum as measured by the Coronal Multi-Channel Polarimeter (COmP). We consider different density structures, boundary conditions at the non-drive footpoint, characteristics of the driver, and different forms of magnetic resistivity. Results. We find that different initial density structures significantly affect the evolution of the boundary shell and that some driver configurations can enhance the heating generated from the dissipation of the MHD waves. In particular, drivers coherent on a larger spatial scale and higher dissipation coefficients can generate significant heating, although it is still insufficient to balance the radiative losses in this setup. Conclusions. We conclude that while phase-mixing of transverse MHD waves is unlikely to sustain the thermal structure of the corona, there are configurations that allow for an enhanced efficiency of this mechanism. We provide possible signatures to identify the presence of such configurations, such as the location of where the heating is deposited along the coronal loop.


In 1997–1998, the reproductive biology of Pedicularis bidentata, Pedicularis cranolopha, Pedicularis davidii, Pedicularis longiflora var. hongyuanensis, Pedicularis longiflora ssp. tubiformis, Pedicularis plicata, Pedicularis polyodonta, Pedicularis rhinanthoides ssp. labellata, Pedicularis roylei, Pedicularis semitorta, Pedicularis spicata and Pedicularis verticillata was studied in the subalpine–alpine zone of the Chinese Himalaya in western Sichuan Province. Except for Apis pollinators on P. polyodonta and P. spicata, only workers and queens of Bombus filchnerae, Bombus patagiatus, Bombus potanini, Bombus sichelii and Bombus waltoni pollinated Pedicularis. Nectariferous, erostrate flowers were pollinated nototribically and sternotribically, during foraging for nectar and pollen, respectively, whereas nectarless, rostrate (including very long-tubed) flowers were pollinated sternotribically during foraging for pollen only. Insect exclusion from flowers revealed that P. longiflora ssp. tubiformis, P. roylei and P. verticillata are insect-pollinator dependent. Analysis of the corbicular pollen loads of pollinators revealed a moderate degree of pollen-foraging fidelity. Pollinator frequency on Pedicularis did not exceed three insects per hour, but Bombus pollinators were more common on other plant genera. No evidence of lepidopteran pollination on long-tubed Pedicularis species was found, nor was there any evidence of species–species specificity between Bombus pollinators and Pedicularis flowers.


In the era of cloud computing, the cloud server always plays a significant role to carry the heavy tasks of computation. As for storage services, it provides an efficient manner for accessing data. For data privacy, encryption is usually referred to as a simple approach, but in fact cloud services cannot work with the traditional encryption. Therefore, outsourced computing over encrypted data receives attention of preserving privacy in the cloud setting. The notion, privacy-preserving outsourced similarity test (PPOS) over encrypted data, is introduced to capture the following scenario. The cloud stores encrypted data with the encrypted feature vector and then picks up the target data by testing similarity between those vectors and the search query. Recently, Zhang et al. proposed a PPOS scheme based on additive homomorphic encryption, garbled circuits, and ciphertext-policy attribute-based encryption. In this paper, we aim for presenting the formal security model and new scheme of PPOS. We use as few primitives as possible to minimize cryptographic building blocks. Our solution avoids using homomorphic encryption and constructs the PPOS scheme simply from garbled circuits and ciphertext-policy attribute-based encryption.


53 Introduction 54 Materials and Methods 58 PCR Amplification of Promoters from Brachypodium distachyon Genomic DNA 58 Modification of pIPKb001 Cereal Transformation Vector for Optimal Expression of GUSPLUS Reporter Gene 59 Transformation of Promoter Characterization Vectors into Brachypodium distachyon via Agrobacterium tumefaciens Transformation 60 Seed Sterilization and Plant Growth 60 Tissue Collection for X-Gluc Staining 60 X-Gluc Staining for Detection of GUS Expression 62 Rescue of Bdpmt and Bdcesa8 Mutant Phenotypes 63 Results 65 Selection of Promoter Candidates 65 iii BdPMT Promoter:GUSPLUS Transgenic Lines 67 BdPMT Promoter:GUSPLUS Expression in Stems 68 BdPMT Promoter:GUSPLUS Expression in Leaves 69 BdPMT Promoter:GUSPLUS Expression in Roots 69 BdPMT Promoter:GUSPLUS Expression in Floral Organs 70 BdCESA7 and BdCESA8 Promoter:GUSPLUS Transgenic Lines 70 BdCESA7 and BdCESA8:GUSPLUS Expression in Stems 71 BdCESA7 and BdCESA8:GUSPLUS Expression in Leaves 72 BdCESA7 and BdCESA8:GUSPLUS Expression in Roots 72 BdCESA7 and BdCESA8 :GUSPLUS Expression in Floral Organs 73 Bdpmt Phenotypic Rescue 73 Bdcesa8 Phenotypic Rescue 74 Discussion 76 References 81 Tables 86 Figures 93 Supplemental Figures 103


In this cross-national qualitative study, tertiary instructors from North America (Canada and the USA) and New Zealand were asked to share their perceptions regarding effective e-learning methodologies. The purpose of the research was to identify what similarities and differences in perceptions existed, and what implications, if any, such similarities and differences would have for the development of national and tertiary digital strategies for New Zealand. A comparison of the responses to four primary research questions indicated that while both similarities and differences in perception do exist, the similarities far outweigh the differences.


With the development of green energy technologies, base stations (BSs) can be readily powered by green energy in order to reduce the on-grid power consumption, and subsequently reduce the carbon footprints. As smart grid advances, power trading among distributed power generators and energy consumers will be enabled. In this paper, we investigate the optimization of smart grid-enabled mobile networks, in which green energy is generated in individual BSs and can be shared among the BSs. In order to minimize the on-grid power consumption of this network, we propose to jointly optimize the BS operation and the power distribution. The joint BS operation and power distribution optimization (BPO) problem is challenging due to the complex coupling of the optimization of mobile networks and that of the power grid. We propose an approximate solution that decomposes the BPO problem into two subproblems and solves the BPO by addressing these subproblems. The simulation results show that by jointly optimizing the BS operation and the power distribution, the network achieves about 18% on-grid power savings.


Nowadays, social media become a necessity for people to interact, collaborate, and share resources with other people in any part of the world. And it can be denied that the users are almost from students. One of popular social media is Instagram which enables its users to take, share, and comment the content (e.g. photo and video) they have made. This phenomenon is of course can be a great opportunity in the field of education. Due to this reason, the researchers conducted a study which has aims at describing the perception of students toward the use of Instagram in learning English especially speaking and finding the influence of Instagram in improving students' speaking skill. In collecting data, the researchers used questionnaires, observations, and structured interviews. The collecting data then are analyzed by using Interactive Model consisting of data collection, data reduction, display data, and drawing conclusion. Findings of the study indicate that the majority of students tend to have positive perceptions toward the use of Instagram in speaking class. Furthermore, there was improvement of students' speaking skill after been taught by using Instagram. Keywords—Instagram; social media; speaking; teaching


BIGBOSOR4 is used in an optimization loop in which the dimensions of a typical axially oriented weld land and the cross-section dimensions of reinforcing Tee-shaped stringers along the two straight edges (generators) of the weld land are decision variables. The optimization is carried out in a GENOPT context. Any number of equally spaced identical T-stiffened weld lands in a 360-degree cylindrical shell can be accommodated. The weld lands are embedded in an internally stiffened "acreage" cylindrical shell that has been previously optimized by PANDA2. The previously optimized "acreage" cylindrical shell has internal "acreage" stringers and internal "acreage" rings with rectangular cross sections. The spacings, heights, and thicknesses of the internal "acreage" stiffeners are not decision variables for the optimization problem in which the weld land and its reinforcing edge T-stringers are optimized. The design constraints for the cylindrical shell with the Tstiffened weld lands are: 1. general buckling, 2. inter-ring buckling, and 3. stress. The prebuckled state is assumed to be uniform end shortening, with the membrane axial compression in each segment of the structure proportional to the axial membrane stiffness of that segment. The prebuckled state is assumed to be a membrane state: no prebuckling bending. The entire shell structure is fabricated of the same material. In the model for general buckling the previously optimized "acreage" rings and stringers are smeared out and the cylindrical shell is simply supported at its ends. In the model for inter-ring buckling adjacent "acreage" rings are replaced by simple supports, that is, a length of shell equal to the ring spacing is analyzed, and the previously optimized "acreage" stringers are smeared out. The maximum stress in the weld-land-edge-stringer region is computed as if there were no prebuckling bending (membrane compression only). The cylindrical shell is modeled as a 180degree segment of a huge torus, with symmetry conditions applied along the generators at zero and at 180 degrees. In the GENOPT examples studied here there are three identical T-stiffened weld lands spaced at 120degree intervals. The adequacy of the optimized "acreage" cylindrical shell with and without the optimized Tstiffened weld lands is evaluated with various STAGS finite element models. There is good agreement between predictions from the GENOPT/BIGBOSOR4 model and the various STAGS models.


Two experiments were conducted to determine the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of AA and DE, and to estimate ME and NE of rice protein concentrate, salmon protein hydrolysate, whey protein concentrate, and spray-dried plasma protein. In Exp. 1, 6 barrows (initially 29.5 ± 2.5 kg of BW) were fitted with ileal Tcannulas and fed each of 5 cornstarch-based diets in a balanced crossover design over 35 d. During a given week, there were either 1 or 2 replications of each treatment, resulting in 6 total replications over 5 wk. The 4 test diets (fed from d 0 to 28) were formulated to contain 12.5% CP by using analyzed nutrient compositions of rice protein concentrate, salmon protein hydrolysate, whey protein concentrate, or spray-dried plasma protein. The fifth (N-free) diet was fed from d 28 to 35 to estimate basal endogenous losses of CP and AA, which were used to calculate SID. Ileal digesta were collected and analyzed, and AID and SID values were calculated. Apparent ileal digestible Lys, Met, and Thr values were 80.0 ± 3.3, 65.6 ± 3.1, and 68.4 ± 4.5% for rice protein concentrate; 85.6 ± 4.8, 85.5 ± 4.3, and 69.8 ± 8.5% for salmon protein hydrolysate; 93.3 ± 1.4, 89.9 ± 5.8, and 83.6 ± 5.3% for whey protein concentrate; and 92.8 ± 0.9,


Text-to-image person re-identification (TIReID) retrieves pedestrian images of the same identity based on a query text. However, existing methods typically treat it as a one-to-one image-text matching problem, only focusing on the relationship between image-text pairs within a view. The many-to-many matching between image-text pairs across views under the same identity is not taken into account, which is one of the main reasons for the poor performance of existing methods. To this end, we propose a simple yet effective framework, called LCR2S, for modeling many-to-many correspondences of the same identity by learning comprehensive representations for both modalities from a novel perspective. We construct a support set for each image (text) by using other images (texts) under the same identity and design a multi-head attentional fusion module to fuse the image (text) and its support set. The resulting enriched image and text features are aligned to train a "richer" TIReID model with many-to-many correspondences. Since the support set is unavailable during inference, we propose to distill the knowledge learned by the "richer" model into a lightweight model for inference with a single image/text as input. The lightweight model focus on semantic association and reasoning of multi-view information, which can generate a comprehensive representation containing multi-view information with only a single-view input to perform accurate text-to-image retrieval during inference. In particular, we use the intra-modal features and inter-modal semantic relations of the "richer" model to supervise the lightweight model to inherit its powerful capability. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of LCR2S, and it also achieves new state-of-the-art performance on three popular TIReID datasets.


The transport sector is almost fully dependent on oil-derived products and in both the United States and in Europe this sector contributes with about one third of total energy consumption and about 30 % of the CO2 emissions. The transport sector is forecasted to contribute with 90 % of the increase in CO2 emissions projected for EU in 2010. With the increasing use of oil for transport in China, India and other Asian countries the rush for oil has resulted in increasing prices on oil and a push for production of oil substitutes. Finding alternatives is a key issue and biofuels are expected to be the easiest alternative fuel as no significant changes in the infrastructure or in established vehicles and engines are required. Biomasses play a unique role as raw materials for the production of transport fuels as outlined by US Department of Energy. It is important to understand that biofuels are not always "bio"- and in some situations large scale production will lead to a larger over-all use of fossil fuel and thereby a larger emission of carbon dioxide. Biodiesel produced from rape seed and bioethanol produced from corn might be questionable when it comes to the net energy produced. Furthermore, production of these types of biofuels will occupy land, which might be used for food production and it can further lead to loss of rainforest or deforestation in parts of the world where the new opportunities opens for new developments.


Last month in Part I of this series the author addressed workflow issues and the development life cycle of a chromatography data system. In part II, he systematically lays out the steps users should take when specifying evaluating, and selecting a new chromatography data system


A new strategy has been developed for the synthesis of C2-symmetric trans-α,α'-bis(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidine and piperidine derivatives 1−3 starting from symmetric α,ω-terminal dienes 4−6. The doub...


The authors of the article did not present the "Functiograph according to Kleinrok" as well as the method of intra-oral mandibular movement recording according to Kleinrok in a clear way. For this reason the construction of this recording device as well as above mentioned method as described.


Resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) spectra of model copper- and nickel-based transition metal oxides are measured over a wide range of energies near the M-edge (h$\nu$=60-80eV) to better understand the properties of resonant scattering involving shallow core levels. Standard multiplet RIXS calculations are found to deviate significantly from the observed spectra. However, by incorporating the self consistently calculated decay lifetime for each intermediate resonance state within a given resonance edge, we obtain dramatically improved agreement between data and theory. Our results suggest that these textured lifetime corrections can enable a quantitative correspondence between first principles predictions and RIXS data on model multiplet systems. This accurate model is also used to analyze resonant elastic scattering, which displays the elastic Fano effect and provides a rough upper bound for the core hole shake-up response time.


As the density of high performance modules increases, the demand for high speed and detailed inspection of substrate interconnection also increases. The timing-based parallel digital interconnect test (PDIT) method described in this paper addresses these issues in a timely and cost efficient manner [1]. The original PDIT method transmitted unique digital patterns to the substrate networks in parallel and monitored the received patterns at each node [2,3]. Catastrophic opens and shorts were detected and diagnosed by comparing the transmitted patterns to the received patterns. The original method achieved 100% detection of catastrophic faults but provided very limited detection of resistive shorts and opens. By adapting the original PDIT method to include the measurement of capacitive charging on each test channel, the timing-based method incorporates the ability to detect catastrophic faults in addition to the determination of resistive faults [4,5]. The test system is implemented with low-cost FPGAs. Capacitors are added to each test channel to capture the timing information. The external capacitors are typically much larger than the substrate net capacitance and have a negligible effect on the timing information. The FPGAs are configured to sample the transmitted waveforms to determine the time when the signals charge to the desired logic level. A clock operating in the megahertz range provides sample intervals with microsecond accuracy. The parallel test of the entire substrate is then achieved in milliseconds with improved sensitivity for resistive opens and shorts.


Background: Violence is a problem which affects society, and individual and collective health. Objective: To describe the victims' experience on the nurses' attendance in health units following an episode of violence. Method: Cross-sectional study with a qualitative approach, configuring an interpretative paradigm. Convenience sample of 27 women resident in a shelter-house. Age between 22-64 years (M=41.15; SD=11.7). The questionnaire collected demographic data, type of aggression and narrative on the nurses' attendance on the health unit's admission episode. The data was analysed using WebQDA software. The ethical procedures were complied. Results: The majority is of Portuguese nationality (n=21), cohabited with the aggressor (n=24). In 18 of the cases, the time between the admission in the health unit and the se-cure place ranged from 1 to 48 hours. All suffered psychological violence. In the narrati-ve analysis, three major categories emerge: a) retelling the violence, b) deprivations in care and c) beneficence in care. In the first category the participants describe the victi-mization, in the second category they point the attendances' frailties and in the third ca-tegory the attendances' favourable aspects. A fourth category emerges, resulting from the reflective attitude on the predecessors, denominated here by rebirth of losses and bereavements, on which some of the participants anticipate a positive future. Conclusion: Although sexism is identified by some participants, overall, they are gratified by nursing care. Descriptors: Domestic violence; violence against women; nursing care; qualitative re-search.


This study was carried out to assess the effectiveness of computer-assisted teaching on knowledge regarding high-risk pregnancy among BSc Nursing 4 th year students of R.D. Memorial College of Nursing, bhopal. All the 4 th year BSc. Nursing students were enrolled in the study. Study participants filled the pre-teaching assessment using the study tool (containing 30 objective questions) and then received a 1-hour session on High-risk pregnancy. Post-teaching assessment was done using the same study tool. Data were analyzed using MS Excel and Google Sheets . There was a 16% increase in the average scores after the teaching sessions (pre-teaching average score 11/30 and post-teaching 16/30). Almost all the Knowledge subcategories showed an increase in the level of knowledge of the study population. None of the demographic variables were correlated with the pre-teaching scores of the study population.


The Prooemia, preserved in fragmentary form, which are assigned to books 1 and 7 of the Annals of Ennius, combine the idea of the epic as a sacred song (the story of Rome being the subject of a laudative idealization) with the idea, inherited from Alexandrian poets "philologists", of poetry as a learned technique. With verses that probably open the poem, Musae quae pedibus magnum pulsatis Olympum (fr. Skutsch 1), Ennius takes openly stand in the Homeric tradition: he usually refers to Homer's epic model and the poetic function it represented, to inherit him the role of initiator (the verse was probably followed by the episode of the dream in which Ennius was consecrated 'Homer reincarnated'). But at the same time Ennius proclaims himself the first poet dicti studiosus: he suggests an image of himself not only as vates but also as primus inventor of a learned poetry that creates a new language and a new rhythm. This selfdefinition finds in the Prooemium a favourable space: it is, however, a particular Prooemium since it is not at the beginning of the work but at the beginning of Book 7. Ennius presents his poem and its originality in relation to the topos of primus ego in two Prooemia: at the beginning of the poem, in the form of a dream initiatory as a moment of poetic investiture according to the Theogony, and then at the beginning of Book 7 in literary terms, making an agonistic reference to Naevius. The political function and duty of the Roman poet requires a poetic form that defines new literary terms. This definition is the only one that can reflect the role of the poet and express the change of the poetic function in relation to the model of the poet "philologist" of Alexandrian tradition.


The authors present a theory which explains the mechanism of the ball bearing motor. The motor is the result of the rotating of a ball bearing when a current is passed through it. The applied torque is calculated following a perturbative description of the electromagnetic structure of the balls. The main effects result from the interaction of the magnetic field of the central axis with the induced currents and magnetic fields developed within the balls. The various current densities and fields are determined by solving exactly the corresponding Poisson equations, which result from the Maxwell equations. The predicted values for the total power, the efficiency and the various required constants are in excellent agreement with the experimental results.


The goal of the research was to investigate the effect of dietary natural or biotic additives such as garlic, black pepper, and chili pepper powder in poultry nutrition on sustainable and economic efficiency of this type of production. A total of eight dietary treatments with 1200 broiler chickens of hybrid line Hubbard were formed, with four replicates. During the experimental period, chickens were fed with three period mixtures diets of different average costs: Starter compound mixture two weeks (0.38 €/kg in all treatments), grower compound mixture next three weeks (0.36, 0.38, 0.40, 0.41, 0.46, 0.39, 0.42, and 0.39 €/kg, respectively), and finisher compound mixture for the final week (0.34, 0.36, 0.38, 0.39, 0.44, 0.37, 0.40, and 0.37 €/kg, respectively). The experiment lasted a total of 42 days. Upon finishing the experiment, results have shown statistically significant (p < 0.05) differences regarding the European broiler index (EBI) as one of the indicators of economic efficacy. The EBI was lowest in the control treatment (220.4) and significantly higher in experimental treatments (298.6), respectively. In cost, a calculation included the cost of feed and used natural or biotic supplements in chicken nutrition. The findings of the study of economic efficiency revealed that the cost per treatment rises depends on the natural additive used. Economic efficiency analysis showed that the most economical natural additive with the lowest cost is garlic (0.68 €/kg), while the most uneconomical is treatment with black pepper with the highest cost of body weight gain (0.82 €/kg). This higher cost of the gained meat is minimal as a consequence of a much healthier and more nutritious food meant for human use, which often promotes sustainable aspects, compared to conventional and industrialized poultry production.


Lumbar spinal canal stenosis is very common degenerative spinal disorder among the elderly population. One of the main causes of the disorder is hypertrophy of the ligamentum flavum (LF). The pathomechanism of the LF hypertrophy is still unknown; despite numerous investigations have been reported. We have previously postulated based on histological analysis that the LF hypertrophy would be caused by the accumulation of scar tissues (fibrosis) in the ligament, especially at the dorsal aspect (1,2,3). In this study, we have evaluated the LF hypertrophy with reference to the pathologic similarity to the hypertrophic scar formation during the cutaneous wound healing process.


Author Institution: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Atomic and Molecular Physics Division, Cambridge MA 02138, USA; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA


Although marine environmental management is only review of oil spill contingency planning in Malaysia about a decade old in Southeast Asia, there are suggests further cooperation is possible and that already in place several pieces of legislation and improved equipment, communications and customs six regional contingency plans to combat marine clearances are needed for Southeast Asia to reach pollution. full cooperative potential.


Active phase splitter (100, 102) comprises two or more phase shift circuits (110, 150). Each phase shift circuit comprises a plurality of active devices (112,114,152,150) and a capacitor (116,156,158). For single-pole active phase splitter, within each phase shift circuit, two active devices configured as a cascode amplifier. First active device configured as a common source amplifier, and a second active device configured as a common gate amplifier. The capacitor (116, 156) connected across the gate and drain of the first active device to generate the pole for the desired phase shift circuit - 0:00 pair. Cascade structure results in the desired transfer function, and providing an input voltage (V


After ion-exchange resins were treated for 24 h by an aqueous solution of [Zn(NH3)4]2+ complex, the treated resins were carbonized for 10 min in nitrogen gas at each temperature. The activated carbons with ZnO were then prepared. The antibacterial activity on their carbon samples was studied without the presence of light. ZnO of hexagonal type was detected in the carbon samples, of which the amount decreased with an increase in the carbonization temperature. However, the specific surface areas of carbon samples increased with increasing the carbonization temperature of the resin. The antibacterial activity on carbon samples containing ZnO increased with a decrease of the carbonization temperature and an increase of the amount of ZnO in the samples. From a comparison of the antibacterial activity between Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, it was found that the activity for Staphylococcus aureus was stronger than that for Escherichia coli. The concentration of hydrogen peroxide increased linearly w...


Background Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is a minimally invasive therapy for patients with severe aortic stenosis, which has become standard of care. The objective of this study was to determine the maximum cost‐effective investment in TAVI care that should be made at a health system level to meet quality indicator goals. Methods and Results We performed a cost‐utility analysis using probabilistic patient‐level simulation of TAVI care from the Ontario, Canada, Ministry of Health perspective. Costs and health utilities were accrued over a 2‐year time horizon. We created 4 hypothetical strategies that represented TAVI care meeting ≥1 quality indicator targets, (1) reduced wait times, (2) reduced hospital length of stay, (3) reduced pacemaker use, and (4) combined strategy, and compared these with current TAVI care. Per‐person costs, quality‐adjusted life years, and clinical outcomes were estimated by the model. Using these, incremental net monetary benefits were calculated for each strategy at different cost‐effectiveness thresholds between $0 and $100 000 per quality‐adjusted life year. Clinical improvements over the current practice were estimated with all comparator strategies. In Ontario, achieving quality indicator benchmarks could avoid ≈26 wait‐list deaths and 200 wait‐list hospitalizations annually. Compared with current TAVI care, the incremental net monetary benefit for this strategy varied from $10 765 (±$8721) and $17 221 (±$8977). This would translate to an annual investment of between ≈$14 to ≈$22 million by the Ontario Ministry of Health to incentivize these performance measures being cost‐effective. Conclusions This study has quantified the modest annual investment required and substantial clinical benefit of meeting improvement goals in TAVI care.


The invention relates to a production method of 2,3-dichloropyridine, solving the problem that byproducts are easily generated through 2-position chlorination reaction so as to cause the final product quality to be instable, for example, intermediate purification is carried out but yield and environment are influenced, and the working efficiency is reduced. The production method of the 2,3-dichloropyridine comprises the following steps: 1) carrying out degradation reaction: hydrolyzing 2-chloro nicotinamide used as a starting material, and carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain 2-chlorine-3-aminopyridine; and (2) successively carrying out diazotization reaction and 3-position chlorination reaction: successively carrying out diazotization reaction and 3-position chlorination reaction on 2-chlorine-3-aminopyridine to obtain 2,3-dichloropyridine. The production method has the beneficial effects that (1) the difficulty that the byproducts are easily generated because 2-position chlorination is successfully avoided, thereby ensuring the quality of the intermediate product 2-chlorine-3-aminopyridine; and (2) because the intermediate product 2-chlorine-3-aminopyridine is not dissolved in strong basic aqueous solution, the product can be directly taken out by vacuum filtration, and is easy to purify.


The invention discloses an automatic-controlled air conditioner humidifying device, and relates to the technical field of air conditioners. The automatic-controlled air conditioner humidifying device is characterized in that a flow air cylinder is in a volute type air duct; the flow air cylinder is cylindrical; a water evaporation component is sheet-shaped; a support piece is arranged in the center of the water evaporation component; a water absorbing material cover coats the support piece; the lower part of the water absorbing material sleeve is connected with a water absorbing material water immersion base; the water absorbing material water immersion base is in a water tank; the water evaporation component is positioned in the air duct; one end of a water injecting pipe in the water tank is connected with an electric valve; the inner wall at the upper part of the water tank is connected with an upper liquid level sensor; the inner wall of the lower part of the water tank is connected with a lower liquid level sensor; a drainage nozzle is arranged at the bottom of the water tank; the lower part of the drainage nozzle is connected with a valve A; the drainage nozzle is arranged at the bottom of the water tank; a condensed water inlet is formed in the top of the water tank; and an outdoor unit condensed water pipe is connected with an outdoor unit. The automatic-controlled air conditioner humidifying device has a humidifying effect while refrigerating and heating, and can adjust indoor temperature and humidity around the clock.


In this article,a single population model with a refuge is proposed and the dynamical behavior of this model is analyed.The numerical results show that not only period-doubling bifurcation,Hopf bifurcation and chaos exist in this model,but also a nonregular phenomena,such as period-1 motion to period-4 motion suddenly,is found.The numerical results show that the bifurcation of y can only reflect the mean value of x,while is small.Furthmore,the co-exist of multi-attractor in this model is discussed.


Two earthquakes( M L4.1 and M L4.0)occurred succssively in Yanggao of Datong and Douhe of Tangshan in Jun.28 and Jul.11,2001.Based on the background anomalies of seismicity in north China and the feature of local small earthquake activity as well as some imminent precursory anomalies,we had given some trial imminent prediction before the two events.In this paper,the prediction course is summarized systematically,which may be significant to the prediction of medium and even strong earthquake.


Cycloheximide (CHI) [3-(2-[3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl]-2 hydroxyethyl)-glutarimide] and Retzanol TD-8 (RTD-8) [tridecyl alcohol derivative] surfactant alone and in combination stimulated significant leaf abscission on cherry, peach, pear and apple nursery stock. RTD-8 alone was sometimes more effective than CHI alone, and combination treatments were rarely better than either material alone. CHI but not RTD-8 induced bud and shoot tip damage.


In an influential paper, Katz & Pesetsky (2011) present the identity thesis for language andmusic, stating that "[a]ll formal differences between language andmusic are a consequence of differences in their fundamental building blocks (arbitrary pairings of sound and meaning in the case of language; pitch classes and pitchclass combinations in the case of music). In all other respects, language and music are identical." Katz & Pesetsky argue that, just like syntactic structures, musical structures are generated by (binary) Merge, for which they provide a number of arguments: for instance, musical structures are endocentric (each instance of Merge in music, just like in language, has a labelling head). They also argue that movement phenomena (i.e., the application of Internal Merge) can be attested in both language and music. While fully endorsing the view that musical structures are the result of multiple applications of External (binary) Merge, this paper argues that the arguments in favour of the presence of Internal Merge in music are at best inconclusive and arguably incorrect. This is, however, not taken as an argument against the identity thesis for language and music; rather, I take it to follow from it: the identity thesis for language andmusic reduces all differences between language andmusic to its basic building blocks. If the application of InternalMerge in natural language is driven by uninterpretable features (cf. Chomsky 1995; 2001; Bošković 2007; Zeijlstra 2012) that are language-specific and not applicable to music (the reason being that only building blocks that are pairings of sound and meaning can be made up of interpretable and uninterpretable features), the direct consequence is that Internal Merge cannot be triggered in music either.


Peer assessment is where students assess the quality of a peer's work. Studies have demonstrated its positive impact on learning yet most of these are in higher education. This study used training to improve the quality of written feedback in a year six primary school classroom. Action Research was selected as a research strategy given the need to find a solution to a classroom problem. Convenience sampling was used as the research focused on the class of children where the issue lay. Methods used to evaluate the quality of training included documents, observations, informal interviews and mind maps. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data produced. The findings indicate that training may help to improve the quality of children's written feedback in primary school, as it has done in other contexts. Further research is needed to verify these results given the small sample size and absence of controls.


Objective To observe the diabetic cerebral infarction in patients after the application ShuXieTong the clinical treatment effect and blood fat and blood flow dynamic change. Methods Select 50 cases with diabetes diagnosis of cerebral infarction patients with standard, random divide into two groups, each group of 25 cases, the treatment group used ShuXieTong treatment; Control group using blood plug through contrast treatment. To observe the curative effect of two groups of patients before and after treatment and of blood lipid and blood flow dynamic change. Results The treatment group of nerve function defect degree of score significantly improved, with the total effective rate obviously higher than the control group, and the blood fat and blood flow dynamics obviously improved than the control group, the difference compared with statistical significance. Conclusion In diabetic cerebral infarction patients ShuXieTong application to treatment of curative effect definite, and blood fat and cerebral blood flow dynamics have significant improvement effect, and promote the use in clinic.


On 14 August 2008, the Portuguese Competition Autority (Autoridade da Concorrencia : "AdC") approved a merger control decision pursuant to Law 18/2003, of 11 June (the Portuguese Competition Act),…


The groups SO( nu -1), SO( nu ), SO( nu +1), SO( nu +1, 1) and SO( nu +2, 2) ( nu =1, 2, 4, 8) and their spin representations are described in terms of the division algebras R, C, H and O.


The mechanism of learning has been attracting the attention of thinkers in philosophy, psychology, education, and also computer science. Behaviorists see learning as a relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience and concentrate on control of the external environment. Cognitive psychologists perceive it as a relatively permanent change in mental associations due to experience and believe that humans are capable of insight, perception, and attributing meaning. Social Psychologists view it as a social enterprise, depending upon interaction between learner and his/her socio-cultural environment. Humanists emphasize the development of the whole person and place emphasis on the affective domain. Constructivism stresses that all knowledge is context bound and that individuals make personal meaning of their learning experiences through internal construction of reality.


Laser induced breakdown of air is used to create a SW by focusing a 7 ns, 532 nm, 10 Hz Nd:YAG laser. Plasma created at the breakdown launches a compression wave into the nearest ambient air molecular layers that propagate at supersonic velocities. The propagation characteristics of SWs are studied double probe-beam deflectometry method, by two noninteracting probe beams that are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the propagation direction of the SW creating laser beam. The evolution of the laser induced SWs in air created at the focus along the direction of propagation (forward probe, FP) and in the direction opposite to the laser propagation (backward probe, BP) of the breakdown creating laser beam, are studied. The nature of the SW is estimated from the arrival time (τ) measured at different distances (Z) from the focal volume. At an input laser energy of 45 mJ, the arrival time information in the backward probe showed τ ∞ Z2.5 behavior indicating spherical SWs and in the forward direction followed τ ∞ Z1.6 showing planar expansion of the SWs revealing direction dependent asymmetric expansion of SWs across the focal plane. The pressure of the SWs estimated using counter pressure corrected point strong explosion theory along with the experimentally measured shock velocities are used to generate the P - U Hugoniot of shock compressed air.


...................................................................................................................................................ii List of Figures and Tables ......................................................................................................................... v List of Figures ........................................................................................................................................ v List of Tables ......................................................................................................................................... v List of Abbreviations and Acronyms ........................................................................................................ vi Acknowledgments .................................................................................................................................. vii


(p-issn: 2579-5988, e-issn: 2579-597X) 84 Abstract—A data warehouse are central repositories of integrated data from one or more disparate sources from operational data in On-Line Transaction Processing (OLTP) system to use in decision making strategy and business intelligent using On-Line Analytical Processing (OLAP) techniques. Data warehouses support OLAP applications by storing and maintaining data in multidimensional format. Multidimensional data models as an integral part of OLAP designed to solve complex query analysis in real time.


New product RD it is itself a three-stage process. It begins with the idea prospecting that leads to working prototypes. Next, comes productization—the conversion of working prototypes into products that can be manufactured with a reasonable prospect of being profitable. Finally, firms produce pre-launch inventories. This process often involves high-risk, not only due to the large amounts of time and capital investment, but also because of the secrecy maintained across lateral competitors that stifles the market signals that ordinarily foster economic efficiency.

Reconsideration of the Austrian theory of the business cycle with these characteristics of new-product R&D in mind leads to additional insights about:

1) capital consumption during the cycle; and

2) the timing of the bust that follows a boom inspired by excessive credit expansion.


Summary

It is important to assess the tolerance of new potato cultivars with partial resistance to potato cyst nematode attack. The experiments described here are intended to quantify tolerance adequately using a minimum of resources. When test plants were spaced widely in the field trials it was also possible to estimate their resistance levels but standard plant spacing allowed roots of neighbouring plants to encroach on a test plant's root space and to interfere with attempts to assay resistance. Standard plant spacing did, however, give more realistic yields per plant and competition from neighbouring plants was standardised by surrounding each test plant by four identical guard plants (cv. Desiree). Regressions of yield on severity of nematode attack were drawn when nematode infestation varied naturally across the trial site or when different levels of attack were created by applying nematicide at a range of dose rates. Cara was the most tolerant cultivar tested, with a complete spectrum of tolerance shown by other cultivars/clones. Some clones with a high degree of resistance were intolerant and it is precisely these that this type of test seeks to identify.


Object To develop a best approach for the rapid propagation of Lilium brownii F.E. Brown var. viridulum Baker by tissue culture. Methods Different parts of the bulb were tried as the explant and cultured on different culture media with the additon of different portions of various hormones at various cultural conditions. Results The best medium for the culture of explant bulb was MS+NAA 0.5 mg/L and GA 3 2.0 mg/L and the highest induction rate was at the lowest part of the scale leaves, which attained 92.5%. The small bud can further differentiate to form secondary small buds. By liquid-quivering culturing, the weight increase can be accelerated. Conclusion Tissue culture of L. brownii var. viridulum can achieve its rapid propagation, resulting in the possibility for its industrial production.


The Paper argues that the word sarik in tannaitic Hebrew does not, despite claims to the contrary, indicate permissibility. Analysis of apparent counter-examples illustrates the relationship between teleological necessity and weak deontic obligation.


Over the last three decades, storm-water quality modeling has been used increasingly commonly to describe the general system behavior and assess the pollution loads transferred in and spilled out of combined sewer systems. The calibration of quality models is, in most cases, based on conventionally obtained calibration data, e.g., by automated sampling. Long-term high-resolution online measurement data are available for the Graz West catchment (Graz, Austria), allowing an assessment of the full dynamics of discharge and pollution concentrations. This paper focuses on the application and comparison of single-event and two different multievent optimization schemes for sewer-water quality model calibration. While both single- and multievent optimization lead to satisfying results for the calibration events in discharge calibration, it is shown that validation events are better reproduced by using multievent calibration. Single- and multievent autocalibration of pollution concentration is based on the best dataset obtained from the discharge calibration. As for discharge, the pollutographs are reproduced satisfactorily, and multievent calibration is more stable. In all cases, the two multievent approaches performed equally well.


Microtechnology and nanotechnology will lead to the most exciting advances in medicine in the 21st Century. Originally the semiconductor manufacturing process, microfabrication technology has enabled the development of microsensors, micro-actuators, and various microsystems, integrating electrical, mechanical, optical, and fluidic components. Such microsystems can provide tools and instruments to handle and manipulate microscale and nanoscale samples. In medicine this could be cells or biomolecules. In this Special Issue the first four papers consider the application of microtechnology in the formation of devices and tools for manipulating, processing, and monitoring cells and molecules. The latter papers focus on nanotechnology in medicine. The first paper by Shen et al. describes a microrobotic biomanipulation platform that integrates microforce sensors in the mechanism, for use in the micro-injection of genetic material into Drosophila embryos. The research presented in this paper could provide a tool to investigate the unknown mechanisms of such diseases as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's. In the following paper, Prince et al. investigate the application of physical mechanisms in microfluidics, with the aim of propelling microfluid channels in a passive automated filtration device. This has a range of applications in medicine and diagnosis, such as separating and selecting spermatogenic cells in in vitro fertilisation treatment. The micropumping function is important in providing the flow control for sustaining a fluid environment for cells and molecules. The paper by Lei et al. presents a valveless micropump based on vortex flow generation. Combined with a phase-sensitive SPR sensor, the microtechnology-based platform can be widely applied in biotechnology and medicine. In this paper, the successful applications illustrate the detection of biomolecular binding and the monitoring of cell adhesion. In a further example of micropumping, a valveless double superimposed chamber micropump for drug delivery purposes is presented by Zordan and Amirouche. This paper focuses on the design considerations. The above examples show how microsystems technologies can be developed as new devices and platforms to augment medical process, to benefit medical research and developments in biotechnology. To enable interaction with the chemical and biological environment of the human body, systems and devices that include cellular and biomolecular processes will require the application of microtechnology integrated with nanotechnology. Nanotechnology is a vast field of processes and systems at the nanometre scale. A particular role for nanotechnology in medicine is likely to provide novel chemical and biological interaction between drugs and devices on the one hand, and living organisms on the other. The final three papers of this Special Issue present research on nanotechnology in medicine. Leung et al. describe the results of a study on the effect of surfactants on the interfacial mass transport of enzymes, across a polycarbonate membrane in a cell. The work in this area on nanobiotechnology is important in drug formulation and delivery. Surface functionalisation and surface coating of medical devices and implants is a major area of medical engineering research. In this Special Issue the paper by Zaharia et al. provides an excellent example. The authors describe the results of a new process for surface coating hydrogenated carbon films on medical implants. New methods and processes of nanostructured coating on materials offer potential for increased life of such implants, with consequential benefit for patients and health providers.


"The task for the future Western scholar of Japan," wrote John Dower in 1975, "is … to step back and question prevailing questions, to ask what is not being asked and whether it is not possible to ...


At present, Parkinson's disease (PD) has become the third most common neuropathy following cerebrovascular diseases and epilepsy, and is the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's disease (AD). There is growing evidence that neuronal apoptosis plays a key role in the mechanism in PD, AD and other neurodegenerative diseases [Mattson, 2000; Yuan & Yankner, 2000]. Therefore, regulating neuronal apoptosis signaling pathway will provide a theoretical basis to reveal the mechanism of neuronal apoptosis; and on the basis of research, development of antineuronal apoptosis drugs to selectively interfere with critical target of apoptosis signaling pathway would be an important means in prevention of neurodegenerative diseases effectively. Although subject to intensive research, the etiology of PD is still enigmatic, which in turn has hindered the development of effective treatment. Today, PD treatment is basically symptomatic, and no neuroprotective therapies are available. The current therapy for PD mainly aims at replacing the lost neurotransmitters. The signs and symptoms of PD can be alleviated with drugs that enhance dopamine function, among which, levodopa is considered the most effective one. The most severe shortcoming of levodopa treatment is that it fails to alter the progression of PD. Patients with advanced PD may develop a variety of motor complications associated with levodopa therapy, such as switching phenomena and dyskinesia [Rylander et al., 2010]. More disappointing is the therapeutic effect of levodopa weakens after about two years (Marsden & Parkes, 1977). Therefore, there is still an urgent need of finding more beneficial treatment strategy for the disease. Here, we proposed a neuroprotective drugs to effectively control the course of PD: it can inhibit substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons from "primary" progressive loss, so as to achieve the purpose of effective treatment of Parkinson's Disease.


We discuss a possible exact equivalence of the Abelian Higgs model and a scalar theory of a magnetic vortex field in 2 + 1 dimensions. The vortex model has a current-current interaction and can be viewed as a strong coupling limit of a massive vector theory. The fixed point structure of the theory is discussed and mapped into fixed points of the Higgs model.


Abstract We investigated academic buoyancy (a response to challenge) and adaptability (a response to change) among a sample of 12–16-year-olds in China (N = 3617) compared with same-aged youth from North America (N = 989) and the United Kingdom (UK; N = 1182). We found that Chinese students reported higher mean levels of buoyancy and adaptability. We also found that correlations between buoyancy and adaptability, and between these two factors and motivation and engagement outcomes, were significantly higher for Chinese students than for North American and UK samples. In path analyses, buoyancy and adaptability positively and significantly predicted motivation and engagement (typically at p < .001) in all three regions; however, buoyancy effects were significantly stronger for the Chinese students.


1:Introduction 2:Background 3:Policy Context 4:The Conventional Methodology of Retail Impact Assessment 5:A Framework for Retail Impact Assessment 6:Qualitative Factors 7:Evidence of Retail Impact 8:Retail Impact Assessment in the Planning Process 9:Experience in Europe and North America 10:The Application of Best Practice, 11:Conclusions


The psychological aspects of weight reduction were evaluated using a representative sample of 100 overweight patients drawn from the Iscor population.


Bayesian low-rank matrix factorization techniques have become an essential tool for relational data analysis and matrix completion. A standard approach is to assign zero-mean Gaussian priors on the columns or rows of factor matrices to create a conjugate system. This choice of prior leads to symmetries in the posterior distribution and can severely reduce the efficiency of Markov-chain Monte-Carlo (MCMC) sampling approaches. In this paper, we propose a simple modification to the prior choice that provably breaks these symmetries and maintains/improves accuracy. Specifically, we provide conditions that the Gaussian prior mean and covariance must satisfy so the posterior does not exhibit invariances that yield sampling difficulties. For example, we show that using non-zero linearly independent prior means significantly lowers the autocorrelation of MCMC samples, and can also lead to lower reconstruction errors.


The authors report on a case of Darier-Ferrand's dermatofibroma on forehead. It was a very uncommon localization. They stress on the specific treatment applied: forehead cranioectomy and scalp plasty, made compulsory after several exercises and their reappearances.


Over the last two centuries the atmospheric CO2 level has exhibited a consistent rise, leading to an increase in the greenhouse effect. This level is now 35% higher than it was before the industrial revolution. On the basis of various scenarios from the Special Report on Emissions it is expected to rise from the present level of 385 ppm to 650–970 ppm by the end of the 21st century.Plant biomass and resistance of winter wheat to various powdery mildew pathotypes were investigated at normal (400 ppm) and enhanced (700 ppm) atmospheric CO2 levels in a greenhouse. Wheat cultivars Ukrainka and Mv Hombar, and 12 lines from the mapping population developed from their cross and exhibiting different level of resistance were tested.The results showed that the atmospheric CO2 level had little influence on the resistance of winter wheat to powdery mildew infections based on the percentage of leaf area covered whole plant percentage severity. In response to higher atmospheric CO2 level there was an increase in the ab...


Radiative transfer in a geometrically thin accretion disc with fnite optical depth is considered under the plane-parallel approximation. The Eddington factorthat is defned as the ratio of the mean intensity to radiation stress tensor, is assumedbe constant. We have focused our attention on the scattering effect and the opticaldepth. The emergent intensity as well as other radiative quantities are analyticallyobtained related to the vertical structure of disc while a linear Planck function is applied. The effect of scattering on the radiative quantities is considered for two cases:(i) isothermal and (ii) temperature gradient and both cases are assumed to be in local thermodynamical equilibrium (LTE), too. Our results show the scattering for anisothermal atmosphere is more signifcant than an atmosphere with temperature gradient. Moreover, the emergent intensity is changed by the disc optical depth. We alsoexplore the limb-darkening effect for the both thick and thin optically discs, separately.


An efficient, simple, and metal-free synthetic approach for the N- and O-benzoylation of various amines/benzyl alcohols with pyridinium salts of phenacyl bromides is demonstrated to generate the corresponding amides and esters. This protocol facilitates the oxidative cleavage of a C–C bond followed by formation of a new C–N/C–O bond in the presence of K2CO3. Various pyridinium salts of phenacyl bromides can be readily transformed into a variety of amides and esters which is an alternative method for the conventional amidation and esterification in organic synthesis. High functional group tolerance, broad substrate scope and operational simplicity are the prominent advantages of the current protocol.


This paper investigates structural properties of diiusive scale-spaces and develops a Riemannian description based on electromagnetic (EM) eld theory. The generalized diiusion equation deening photometric transitions is interpreted as a Lorentz gauge condition expressing the trace Lorentz-invariance of an EM quadripotential with covariant scalar and contravariant vector components, respectively related to photometric and geometric image properties. This gauge condition determines EM quadriield and quadricharge which satisfy Maxwell equations. Deriving their general expressions as functions of scale-space geometric or energetic features yields Lorentz-invariants which synthetize intrinsic multiscale image properties.


This chapter describes in detail the principles of both transport and Diameter‐level connectivity between two adjacent Diameter nodes, known as peers. It covers how the peers discover each other, how the peers connect and maintain connections, and how transport failures are handled. There are two types of peer discovery: static discovery, in which connection information for adjacent peers is configured into the Diameter node, and dynamic discovery, in which a Diameter node uses Domain Name System (DNS) to find its adjacent peers. Each Diameter node has a DiameterIdentity, which is a fully qualified domain name. The chapter also covers advanced transport topics such as multi‐homed connections, head‐of‐line blocking, and multiple connection instances. It provides an overview of how Diameter uses DNS. Since Diameter is a peer‐to‐peer protocol where either end of the communication can be a server or a client or both, either end can initiate peer connections.


1 - Morphology and Anatomy.- Prosternal horn and Gilson's gland in certain Limnephilid larvae.- The clinging apparatus of Trichoptera pupae: number, structure and SEM observations of the denticulations on the urotergal plates.- Research on the musculature and sense organs of the protuberances of the first abdominal segment in caddis larvae (Trichoptera).- 2. Taxonomy.- Les larves d'Hydropsyche du Maroc (Trichopteres, Hydropsychidae).- Studies of neotropical caddisflies. XXXVI: the genus Calosopsyche in Central America, with descriptions of its immature stages (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae).- Setal characters in larval diagnoses for some nearctic species of Cheumatopsyche (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae).- The remarkable genus Palaeagapetus Ulmer, 1912 (Hydroptilidae).- A new genus and species of Limnephiline Trichoptera from the Far East of the U.S.S.R. (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae).- Psychoglypha (Monophylax) new subgenus (Trichoptera, Limnephilidae, Limnephilini).- 3. Fossil Forms.- Caddisflies and quaternary palaeoecology - What have we learned so far ?.- Trichoptera sub-fossils from temperate running water sediments.- Caribbean amber caddisflies - Biogeographical aspects.- 4. Biogeography.- A review of the Irish Trichoptera.- An attempt to evaluate the state of the caddis fly fauna of Belgium.- Faunistic studies on Iberian Trichoptera : a historical survey and present state of knowledge.- Analyses of Trichopteran faunal similarities in Northern Portugal.- The caddis flies (Trichoptera) of the Primeval Forest in Bialowieza.- Preliminary comparison of New Guinea Trichoptera with the faunas of Sulawesi and Cape York Peninsula.- The caddisfiies of Sri Lanka.- Preliminary investigations on the faunistics and ecology of Hong Kong Trichoptera.- An introduction to the Trichoptera fauna of Japan, with a tentative checklist of genera.- A preliminary study of the subfamily Hydropsychinae (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in China.- 5. Phylogeny.- On the Biogeography of the Oxyethira group, tribe Hydroptilini (Hydroptilinae, Hydroptilidae, Trichoptera).- Higher classification of Triplectidinae (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae).- Phylogeny of the Polycentropus insularis species-group (Trichoptera : Polycentropodidae).- Ecological and eidonomic trends in Mediterranean Stenophylacini.- 6. Biology and Physiology.- 6.1. Reproduction..- Effet de la photoperiode sur la maturation genitale des femelles de Limnephilus rhombicus d'Europe centrale.- Male mate recognition in Leptoceridae.- Techniques for demonstrating sex pheromones in Trichoptera.- A study of egg masses of Glyphotaelius pellucidus (Retzius), (Trichoptera : Limnephilidae).- Adaptive egg laying behaviour in two species of caddisflies.- 6.2. Metabolism.- Observations on gill number and respiratory adaptation in caddis larvae.- Respiration rates and distribution of caddis larvae in relation to acclimation to temperature.- 6.3. Tnterspecmc Relations.- Contribution a la connaissance des epibiontes et parasites des larves des Trichopteres italiens.- Incidence des elements trichopterologiques dans le contenu intestinal des poissons du cours moyen du Po (Italie).- 7. Light Traps and Flight Patterns.- 7.1 Collections.- Results of four years' intensive light trapping in Western Switzerland.- Light trap collections of Trichoptera near the source of Hopp Brook, New Haven county, Connecticut.- Forest canopy collection of Trichoptera.- 7.2. Fltght Patterns.- Patterns of geographic variation in adult flight phenology of some nearctic Trichoptera.- The comparison of light trap and sticky trap catches of adult Trichoptera (Lyon, France)..- Flight patterns of three species of lotic caddisflies.- Changes in flight direction of caddis flies when meeting changes in the environment.- 8 -Ecology.- 8.1. Life Cycles. Habitat and Feeding Habits.- The life cycle and food of Apatcaiia zonella (Zett) in a spring-fed stream in SW Iceland (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae).- The life history of Cryptochia pilosa (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae) in an Oregon coast range watershed.- Life cycles and growth patterns of Trichoptera in the Matarrana, a karstic river.- Remarks on the life history of Anabolia furcata Brauer (Trichoptera).- The effect of temperature and diet on the larval growth of Glossosoma nigrior.- Larval development, substrate preference, and feeding habits of Polycentropus variegates Milne in model stream channels (Trichoptera: Polycentropodidae).- A review of bionomics of the Japanese Lepidostomatidae (Trichoptera) with particular reference to the change of case materials and its ecological significance.- Caddisfly adaptations to the variable habitats at the land-water interface.- Distribution of the Hydropsyche larvae and the structure of their nets.- Seston quality as a factor influencing Trichopteran populations.- Direct observations of Hydropsyche prey selection.- 8.2. Zonatton and Distribution.- A new ordination technique for ecological purposes applied to caddis larvae in ditches.- Les peuplements larvaires de Trichopteres des anciens lits fluviaux dans trois secteurs de la plaine alluviale du Haut-Rhone Francais.- Principal components analysis of temporal and spatial variation in Trichopteran faunas of Northern Portugal.- The temporal and spatial distribution of adult Trichoptera on the upper surfaces of the floating leaves of Nymphaeids. A study using adhesive traps.- Trichopteres de Corse, biogeographie, ecologie et distribution des especes dans les cours d'eau.- Contribution to larval taxonomy, ecology and distribution of the central European species of the genus Philopotamus (Trichoptera: Philopotamidae).- 8.3. Communities.- Emergence and distribution of Hydroptilidae in the littoral and outlet biocoenoses of lake Konnevesi (Central Finland).- Trichoptera colonization in the irrigated meadows of Norcia (Umbria, Italy).- 8.4. Environmental Perturbations.- Effects of an artificially silted stream bottom on species composition and biomass of Trichoptera in Breitenbach.- Studies on Plectrocnemia conspersa (Curtis) in copper contaminated streams in South West England.- The distribution of Trichoptera in Dutch soft waters differing in pH.- Recovery of the Trichoptera fauna near Mt St Helens five years after the 1980 eruption.- Trichoptera of regulated rocky mountain streams.


Background: Black garlic is obtained from raw garlic (Allium sativum L.), by a fermentation process, under humidity and heat treatment, showing a high concentration of organosulfur compounds, which have been related to benefits in the prevention or delay of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The objective of the research was to evaluate whether long-term consumption of black garlic improves endothelial function and lipid profile in subjects with hypercholesterolemia. Methods: Single center, controlled clinical trial with two branches: Hypercholesterolemia vs. Healthy condition. Sixty-two subjects of both sexes were distributed in two groups, the hypercholesterolemia group (n = 31) (total cholesterol (TC) range 200–300 mg/dL and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol range 135–175 mg/dL) and the healthy group (n = 31). The intervention consisted of the ingestion of 4 cloves of black garlic (12 g) daily for 12 weeks. Results: significant increases in Apolipoprotein (Apo)A1 occurred in both groups: Hypercholesterolemia (Δ 11.8 mg/dL p < 0.001) vs Healthy (Δ 11.1 mg/dL p < 0.001). Besides, significant reductions for endothelial adhesion molecules monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) (Δ −121.5 pg/mL p = 0.007 vs. Δ −56.3 pg/mL p = 0.015), intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) (Δ −39.3 ng/mL p < 0.001 vs. Δ 63.5 ng/mL p < 0.001), and vascular cyto-adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) (Δ −144.4 ng/mL p < 0.001 vs. Δ −83.4 ng/mL p = 0.061) were observed, for hypercholesterolemic and healthy subjects, respectively. Conclusions: These data show that black garlic consumption could improve some parameters related to endothelial function and lipid profile, which may have a favorable impact on the risk of CVDs, although more long-term studies are necessary to confirm.


We performed Raman experiments on superconducting Bi2Sr2(Ca1−xYx)Cu2O8+� (Bi-2212) and YBa2Cu3O6+x (Y-123) single crystals. These results in combination with earlier ones enable us to analyze systematically the spectral features in the doping range 0.07 ≤ p ≤ 0.23. In B2g (xy) symmetry we find universal spectra and the maximal gap energy �0 to follow the superconducting transition temperature Tc. The B1g (x 2 −y 2 ) spectra in Bi-2212 show an anomalous increase of the intensity towards overdoping, indicating that the corresponding energy scale is neither related to the pairing energy nor to the pseudogap, but possibly stems from a symmetry breaking transition


The global deforestation, the main cause of global warming, is a major global concern. The deforestation and forest degradation are estimated to contribute about 12 to 20 per cent of global emissions van der Werf, et al. [1] while natural forests can prevent and reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emission (IPCC, 2007). Conserving tropical forests is one essential activity to stop climate change Komba & Muchapondwa [2]. The need to reduce emissions from the forest sector has been noted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [3].


Following her participation in the panel 'Who are the middle class in South Asia?' at the recent LSE South Asia Centre summit in London, Ammara Maqsood discusses her findings from her new book, The New Pakistani Middle Class with Ananya Dasgupta.


3. Identify the time frame (present or past time) of the Indicative verb in the main ("independent") clause. The time frame of the participle in the "genitive absolute" construction will be translated either as being "simultaneous" with the time frame of the Indicative verb of the main ("independent") clause, or as occurring "prior" to the time frame of the main Indicative verb (see point 5, below).


which ultimately aims (i.e. at the canonical level) at testifying to Jesus Christ. Rather than take a stand with either the exegete or the systematician exclusively, then, the biblical theologian seeks instead to foster an interdisciplinary approach to biblical interpretation which aims at textually mediated theological truth. Biblical theology is nothing less than a theological hermeneutic, a regula legei (a rule of reading). As such, biblical theology is not merely a matter of repackaging the conceptual content of the Scriptures, but a way of having one's heart, mind, and imagination alike schooled in the ways of seeing and experiencing the world according to the many literary forms and the one canon, which together constitute the word of God written.


The aim of this Master's Thesis was to build an electronic controller for a fuel injection engine in a Formula SAE race car. The thesis begins with a short look at history and a basic description ...


Having cited the scarce data available in the literature on this issue, the author proceeds to present the results of his pathological, anatomical and bacteriological investigation of one case of severe, fatal eclampsia.


The authors show China's desire to create a new type of Sinocentric globalization thanks to effective cooperation, coordination and solidarity, the principles of true multilateralism and the rule of law, the use of China's wealth and industrial know-how, and the attraction of countries and companies into the Chinese orbit. It is argued that the significant improvement of the internal potential of the PRC characterizes the readiness of its powerful economic base for the formation of international bilateral and multilateral relations and the development of promising partnership relations between the PRC and other selected countries in the vector of investments in infrastructure and economic projects, which in general should ensure a closer connection connection with the countries of Asia and Europe and will contribute to the implementation of China's external strategy of openness of a new type, as well as the sustainable development of transport and global transport infrastructure. "One Belt, One Road" is the largest geo-economic project in the history of mankind, aimed at creating and strengthening multinational ties, increasing the intensity of economic, cultural and political exchanges. Thanks to gigantic investment investments until 2049 (the 100th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China), with the support of the BRICS New Development Bank, the South-South Cooperation Promotion Fund, AIIB and the Silk Road Fund, the project should lead to the consolidation of the vast European-Asian space and parts of Africa (65 countries), in which more than 4 billion people live. The article focuses on the Initiative Project of the People's Republic of China "One Belt, One Road" in terms of the importance of participation and partnership support of countries on this route, especially large countries such as India. It has been demonstrated that although the One Belt One Road Project aims to create a new model of cooperation in the promising partnership relations of China and India, the ambitions of the South Asian region are a "challenge" for both states. Based on the analytical evaluations of interstate relations between the PRC and India in different periods with a fairly wide range of development from cooperation to competition and even confrontation, the authors state that national strategic trends create various challenges for Sino-Indian relations. That is why the authors focused attention on the dual nature of the relations between these two countries and revealed, on the one hand, the development of friendly relations of cooperation, on the other hand, the presence and growth of geostrategic competition between China and India, which is likely to influence the formation of an adequate economic basis for investment cooperation of the People's Republic of China with India as a potential partner in the implementation of the "One Belt, One Road" initiative, as well as on the project deployment scenario itself.