Objective To learn about the whole situation of tuberculosis patients among the teachers and students in our university and the treatment so as to provide proof for building prevention strategies. Method To analyze and discuss the 108 tuberculosis cases from 1989 to 2000. Results Of tuberculosis cases, pulmonary tuberculosis (90.7%) was the most, and infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis(77.8%) ranked number one. Incidence of the disease among students (80.6%) was far beyond that among teachers,and male cases were more than female ones(2.6∶1). The effective cure ratio reaches 90%, and the clinical cure ratio 90%. Conclusion Pulmonary tuberculosis can be prevented and cured.Nowadays when the prevention of chronic non-contagious diseases is highly valued, the early prevention of pulmonary tuberculosis should be paid special attention to.


We modify the notion of a Fraisse class and show that various interesting classes of groups, notably the class of nonabelian limit groups and the class of finitely generated elementary free groups, admit Fraisse limits.
Furthermore, we rediscover Lyndon's $\Z[t]$-exponential completions of countable torsion-free CSA groups, as Fraisse limits with respect to extensions of centralizers.
Dedicated to the memory of Charles Sims.


A 26‐year‐old female was referred to us with left eye microbial keratitis following laser in‐situ keratomileusis (LASIK) done a month ago. The vision was 20/1200. The left eye had a central infiltrate involving the flap and beyond [Fig. 1]. Corneal scrapings revealed short gram‐negative bacilli. Hourly topical fortified cefuroxime sodium (5%) and ofloxacin (0.3%) were commenced. Burkholderia cepacia cultures were sensitive to imipenem and amikacin, intermediate sensitivity to ceftazidime, and resistant to all other antibiotics using the VITEK 2 system (bioMerieux, USA). Therapy was switched to fortified amikacin sulfate (2.5%) eye drops, ceftazidime sodium (5%) eye drops hourly, and betamethasone sodium phosphate (0.1%) eye drops 4 times daily. Two weeks later, her vision deteriorated with the appearance of interface fluid [Fig. 2]. Digital tension was elevated. Interface fluid disappeared following steroid discontinuation. The complete resolution took 3 months [Fig. 3] with a vision of 20/50.


The hydrolysis of tBu2Ge(OEt)2 is described. Depending on the amount of water used either tBu2Ge(OH)2 (1) or a mixture of the latter and (tBu2GeOH)2O (2) were obtained. A cocrystallate consisting of 2tBu2Ge(OH)2, (tBu2GeOH)2O and water was the subject of a single crystal X-ray diffraction study. In the solid state the individual molecules are connected by hydrogen bonds giving rise to the formation of a polymeric double chain ribbon.


e13006 Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in 2021, with an estimated 2.9 million new cases (31%) and the second leading cause of cancer death in women. Gasdermins are encoded by six paralogous genes: GSDMA, GSDMB, GSDMC, GSDMD, GSDME (also known as DFNA5) and DFNB59 (also known as pejvakin, PJVK). They play a key role in pyroptosis. Few studies addressing the association between genetic alterations in the GSDM family genes and breast cancer prognosis have been reported up to now. Methods: We used a public cancer research platform named cBioPortal to analyze a cohort of 1983 breast cancer samples. We defined overall survival (OS) as the time between the procedure date when the tumor specimen was collected and the date of death or last follow-up visit. We compared the survival curves of two groups using Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank tests. The statistical significance level was set to 5% (p < 0.05). Results: These genes were found in 685 (34.5%) samples with various genetic alterations, including missense mutation, splice mutation, truncating mutation, structural variant, amplification, deletion. GSDMC was the most frequently altered gene (18%), followed by GSDMD (17%), GSDMB (11%), GSDMA (10%), GSDME (2.5%), and PJVK (0.7%). Based on the result, patients were divided into the GSDM mutation and non-GSDM mutation group. The median OS of the GSDM mutation group was 124.57 months (Table), which is significantly shorter than the OS of the non-GSDM mutation group (log-rank test p = 5.64e-7). Conclusions: To our best knowledge, this analysis is the first investigation to evaluate the association between prognostic value and genetic alterations in GSDM family genes in breast cancer patients. Our investigation shows that genetic alterations in GSDM family genes can be used to predict poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. Further studies are warranted to verify and expand on these findings.[Table: see text]


The formation mechanism and generation conditions of thermopolymerization, cationic polymerization and initiator-initiated polymerization in quench tower are discussed. Thermopolymerization is the main type of polymerization in quench tower,cationic polymerization depends on the concentration of metallic ion in feedstock, and initiator rarely exists in quench tower. The advantages and disadvantages of popular polymer-inhibitors for free radical polymerization and cationic polymerization are compared.


Gary Lawson Browne. Baltimore in the Nation, 1789-1861. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1980.349 + xiii pp. Blaine A. Brownell and David R, Goldfield, eds. The City in Southern History. Port Washington, N.Y./London: Kennikat Press, 1977. 228 pp. Whitman H. Ridgeway. Community Leadership in Maryland. 1790-1840. Chapel Hilh The University of North Carolina Press, 1979. 414 4- xxi pp. The South has often served as a foil to set off the progress of other regions of the United States. Urbanization is a case in point. Sociologists and historians conventionally remark a fifty- or sixty-year lag in the pace of southern urban growth relative to the nation as a whole.1 According to the editors of The City in Southern History; this perceived lag has been responsible for preoccupa- tion with the traditional, rural South to the neglect of cities like Baltimore, Charleston, Richmond, Memphis, New Orleans and Atlanta. The five chron- ologically-ordered essays in their collection offer the best overv...


A power supply device, the output of the alternator is a three-phase star-connected coils is rectified and supplied to the load power generation, comprising: a rectifier circuit and a control unit controlling the controlled rectifier circuit can constitute a three-phase AC voltage of the AC output from the generator a first controlled rectifier circuit for full-wave rectification of the AC voltage and the AC output terminal of the two-phase AC output terminal of the three-phase alternator in a respective selected obtained between the neutral point terminal and a selected the second controlled rectifier circuit to obtain an AC voltage between two phases of the AC output terminal of the full-wave rectification, the control unit controls the first and second controlled rectifier circuit so that the rotational speed of the alternator is below a set speed supplying a second output of the controlled rectifier circuit when the rotational speed exceeds the set speed of the load is supplied to the load circuit a first output of the controlled rectifier, to.


is small compared with the wide distribution of contagious abortion in cattle. Most of the known cases are in groups exposed to infection through abraded skin, and the results reported above confirm the suggestion, based on the epidemiology of the disease, that man is relatively resistant to infection by ingestion. At the most we were able to find only one doubtful (undiagnosed) clinical case and three doubtful cases of subclinical infection in a series of 45 people, all but two of whom were exposed to repeated infection by drinking unboiled milk containing Brucella abortus of normal virulence' to cattle.


Silent animation is an animation that was created without using sound recording, especially in dialogue. The greatest strength of silent animation is nonverbal communication which is all forms of gestures that are not words. This research attempts to examine Larva season 3  episode Garlic 1 and 2 by using the theory of nonverbal systems of kinesis and proxemics categories as a reference unit of analysis. This research aims to interpret the meanings of nonverbal messages by using the Gillian Rose visual methodology from site of self and site of production to find the meanings of nonverbal messages in Larva season 3 episode Garlic 1 and 2. The research uses a critical paradigm with a qualitative approach that focuses on scenes that are describing nonverbal messages in Larva visualization. The results had found that the meanings of nonverbal messages displayed in Larva season 3 episode Garlic 1 and 2 also reflected in recent life issues such as struggling, respecting others, earnest, and being patient. Keywords: Nonverbal Messages, Kinesis, Proxemics, Visual Methodology


I n term of architectural and town conservation, Japan unlike other developed nation has developed its own specific system. "Denken system" or "Preserved district system" is directly translated as "Important District for Preservation of a Group of Traditional Buildings". In this respect law was first enacted by the Agency for cultural affair in 1975, with an aim to conserve groups of traditional buildings and not only any specific single buildings. From then until 2010, 86 areas in the whole country have been announced as the "preserved districts". The process for designation of a preserved district starts with a fundamental study, a feasibility study, and study for a preservation plan, by the local government body, in collaboration with board of education, local people and academic experts. At this level, selected areas will be announced as a "District for Preservation of a Group of Traditional Buildings". After the approval by the minister of education, culture, sports, science and technology, it will be announced as an "Important district for Preservation of a Group of Traditional Buildings" or preserved district. Thus local government and people in the selected area can receive the financial support from the central government; such as a support for a restoration project, a support for the acquisition of buildings, a support for fire prevention, a support for the installation of an information board, and tax reduction.


Hydroponically integrated fish and plant production system (aquaponics) is a new production method that has received attention by growers and researchers recently. In order to investigate the effect of different plant substrates (perlite/cocopeat ratios) on strawberry growth and development in hydroponic and aquaponic systems, a greenhouse experiment was carried out as a factorial trial with a completely randomized design in three replications. Results of statistical analysis showed that in hydroponic system, leaf, crown and root fresh weight, runner length, individual leaf weight, chlorophyll a and b content (in high cocopeat ratios), total chlorophyll and carotenoid content (in high cocopeat ratios), were significantly higher than aquaponic system. Increase of cocopeat to perlite ratio in hydroponic system caused a higher chlorophyll a and b content in leaves and this increase was accompanied with increase of plant growth. Results of this research revealed that most of the measured features were better in hydroponic system than in aquaponic system. In addition, the perlite or cocopeat substrates individually were not appropriate for cultivation but their combination was found to be suitable as substrate for cultivation.


ATLAS OF PAIN MEDICINE PROCEDURES - TOC BASIC APPLICATIONS Fluoroscopy Spinal anatomy Equipments, needles, catheters Radiofrequency Cryoneurolysis Chemical Neurolysis SPINAL INTERVENTIONS Epidural steroid injection: Interlaminar: Cervical, Thoracic, lumbar and caudal Transforaminal: Cervical, Thoracic and lumbar Facet Injections: Cervical, Thoracic and lumbar Intra-articular vs. medial branch injections Dorsal root Ganglion injections: Cervical, Thoracic and lumbar Atlanto-Occiptal joint injections Atlanto-axial joint injections Discograms: Cervical, Thoracic and Lumbar Intradiscal Procedures: Annuloplasty Nucleoplasty Sacroiliac joint injections Lysis of epidural adhesions Vertebroplasty Kyphoplasty PERIPHERAL NERVE BLOCKS Occipital nerve blocks Trigeminal nerve blocks Supratrochlear and supraorbital nerves Ilio-inguinal and Ilio-hypogastric block Pudendal nerve block SYMPATHETIC GANGLION INJECTIONS Stellate ganglion block Thoracic (T2-T3) ganglion blocks Splanchnic nerves block Celiac plexus block Lumbar sympathetic block Hypogastric block Ganglion Impar injection INTRATHECAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS Technical considerations Reservoir information Programmable vs. Fixed rate pumps Personal Therapy Manager (PTM) Anchoring of the catheter Pump placement NEUROAUMENTATION TECHNIQUES Hardware specifications: percutaneous vs. surgical leads Screening process Leads placement: Cervical Thoracic and lumbar Anterogarde vs. Retrograde lead placements MEDICAL MANAGEMENT OF PAIN PALLIATIVE AND END-OF-LIFE CARE


Abstract We introduce two new notions of transitivity for Abelian p-groups based on isomorphism of quotients rather than the classical use of equality of height sequences associated with Abelian p-group theory. Unlike the classical theory where "most" groups are transitive, these new notions lead to much smaller classes, but even these classes are sufficiently large to be interesting.


Responding to the call to theorise praxis in relation to philosophy and white diversity research, I draw on philosophers of race, and in particular, collective white ignorance, and generous encounters to argue for listening as a form of progressive white praxis. Whilst praxis has been theorised in feminist theory in relation to knowledge, standpoint and bodies, literature neglects how whiteness structures the production of knowledge and praxis. I argue that an understanding of white praxis should entail an examination of white epistemology, white ignorance and encounters with the stranger. At the same time, heeding critical race theorists' cautions about critical whiteness studies and white feminism, I propose ways in which listening could begin to work as a form of white praxis responding to racism in research on diversity and organisations.


Abstract The amount of evil that we can see in our world might make the thought of a kind and caring God as its creator paradoxical. This is what is generally called the problem of evil and the top ...


To manage thousands of battery cells effectively, a reconfigurable battery system has emerged where each battery cell is equipped with a set of switches for controlling connectivity (i.e. series, parallel, bypass or combinations thereof). While most studies have focused on maximising operation-time or life-time of a reconfigurable battery system, few studies have addressed how to quickly balance voltage of cells, which affects both efficiency and safety of a battery system. A new discharge scheduling policy for battery cell voltage balancing for a reconfigurable battery system is proposed. Based on the analysis why existing naive approaches are not effective for voltage balancing, a new approach consisting of three steps is designed: determination of a set of battery cells to be discharged, calculation of a target voltage, and distribution of the system load to each battery. The present simulation results show that the proposed approach outperforms three alternative ones up to 45.6% in terms of voltage balancing.


A minor-model of a graph $H$ in a graph $G$ is a subgraph of $G$ that can be contracted to $H$. We prove that for a positive integer $\ell$ and a non-empty planar graph $H$ with at least $\ell-1$ connected components, there exists a function $f_{H, \ell}:\mathbb{N}\rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ satisfying the property that every graph $G$ with a family of vertex subsets $Z_1, \ldots, Z_m$ contains either $k$ pairwise vertex-disjoint minor-models of $H$ each intersecting at least $\ell$ sets among prescribed vertex sets, or a vertex subset of size at most $f_{H, \ell}(k)$ that meets all such minor-models of $H$. This function $f_{H, \ell}$ is independent with the number $m$ of given sets, and thus, our result generalizes Mader's $\mathcal S$-path Theorem, by applying $\ell=2$ and $H$ to be the one-vertex graph. We prove that such a function $f_{H, \ell}$ does not exist if $H$ consists of at most $\ell-2$ connected components.


> Walking through that hallway I smell elders, and remember
>
> the circus: scents of cotton candy, stale straw, and dried
>
> urine. …


Marsupials are viviparous, placental mammals that have evolved independently from the same ancestor as the eutherian mammals, which include humans and the principal laboratory animals. As a result of this evolutionary divergence, marsupial structure and function embody alternative solutions to many of the problems of mammalian existence. This dichotomy between marsupials and eutherian species suggests the use of marsupial models to provide innovative laboratory approaches that may facilitate experimental access to specific aspects of normal and abnormal human anatomy and physiology. Those characteristics that endow marsupials with their unique but largely unexploited biomedical research potential are identified and evaluated.


Accumulative back extrusion (ABE) processing, as a novel severe plastic deformation (SPD) method, has been recently justified to be capable of modifying the microstructural characteristics of alloys. In line to its ongoing researches, the present work has been planned to study the evolution of γ-Mg17Al12 intermetallic phase during ABE and subsequent ageing treatment in a high Al-bearing Mg–Al–Zn alloy. The behaviour of γ intermetallic has been systematically examined as following points of view: (i) strain–temperature-dependent morphology changes, (ii) strain-induced dissolution, and (iii) re-ageing behaviour as a function of time and temperature. Aiming to analyse the morphology of eutectic γ compound with respect to the strain and temperature, 2D projections of effective diameter, shape factor and globularity have been made in strain/temperature graphs. The processing conditions (strain and temperature) corresponding to the desired and undesired morphologies are introduced and microstructurally explained through underlying plasticity mechanisms, i.e., 'necking-thinning-particle separation' and 'brittle fragmentation.' The former mechanism is suggested to be in relation with partial strain-induced dissolution of eutectic γ phase, leading to generation of a supersaturated solid solution. This has resulted to the observation of 'off-stoichiometry' phenomena in Mg17Al12 phase and has been justified through dislocation-assisted deformation mechanism at elevated temperature. Surprisingly, a unique re-ageing behaviour has been found for the obtained solid solutions, where a modified kinetics and morphology of γ phase precipitation were characterized. The altered precipitation behaviour is attributed to the specific defect structure achieved by SPD acting as fast diffusion channel for Al solutes.


In view of the changeable characteristic of the stray current in subway system, introduced the artificial neural network BP model, using Matlab prepared a program of the BP neural network prediction mode to predict the current drainage cabinet exhaust flow .The simulation results show that the prediction model is simple and efficient to the automatic drainage cabinet drainage strategy in further promote.


IN THE PAST FEW YEARS evidence has been presented that contact dermatitis to plant oil oleoresins may be successfully treated by oral hyposensitization using the causative plant oleoresins. Fisher' reports on 18 cases of ragweed dermatitis of long duration treated by the oral hyposensitization method. Four patients followed up for five years noted clinical improvement, *which was accompanied by reduction in reaction to the patch tests. Fourteen cases followed up for a shorter period of time seemed to be following a similar pattern. Slater et al.2 believe that the treatment of choice of ragweed dermatitis is by the oral method, using ragweed oleoresin in corn oil. Brunsting3 reports unsuccessful attempts at desensitization by injection of specific oils. Thomson and Thomson4 review literaature on immunization by the oral route. They believe that relief could be obtained in a fair proportion of cases of poison ivy sensitivity by giving the specific oleoresin by mouth. They also believe that the specific oleoresin is better given by mouth than by the parenteral route.


The invention provides a production method of a novel negative electrode binding agent. The production method comprises two steps of proportionally mixing polyacrylonitrile with methyl pyrrolidone to prepare a colloid, and proportionally mixing the colloid with negative electrode active substances and a conductive agent to prepare slurry. The invention further provides an application of the novel negative electrode binding agent in battery production. A preparation method of a negative electrode button battery prepared by the invention is tested, and a result shows that the novel negative electrode binding agent can form a net structure in the preparation process of the negative electrode slurry, can form high-bond-energy hydrogen bond with negative electrode active substances and has excellent electronic conductivity and electrochemical performance; polyacrylonitrile is low in molar mass and good in machining performance and is suitable for preparing multi-cycle lithium ion batteries.


The work results from a bibliographical researchand highlights the situation of women victim ofviolence in Brazil and the structural difficultiesin materializing intersectoral actions amonginstitutions engaged in this segment. It also resultsfrom discussions made at the SEPSASS / UFPB,with emphasis on the debate about Intersectoralitywithin social protection policies. The study isbased on experiences of professors and students inthe supervised training period at the "EdnalvaBezerra Reference Center for Women" in JoaoPessoa, PB. We conclude that there is a need for anintersectoral support network to solve the demands.


This is a collection of selected, peer reviewed papers from the 6th International Conference on Advanced Concepts in Mechanical Engineering (ACME 2014), June 12-13, 2014, Iasi, Romania. The 104 papers are grouped as follows: Chapter 1: Science of Materials and Processing Technologies, Chapter 2: Design of Vehicles and Combustion Engines, Chapter 3: Applied Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer, Renewable Energy, Engineering of Thermal Systems, Chapter 4: Technologies and Machines in Agriculture and Food Processing, Chapter 5: Applied Computational Methods in Design and Modeling, and, Chapter 6: Engineering Management and Engineering Education.


One of the most remarkable implications of psychological medicine in the transition from the 18th to the 19th century was the advent of a new way of looking at the human being and new tools for analysing not only behaviour and individual experience, but also historical events, collective behavioural patterns or complex cultural achievements. Unsurprisingly, the deployment of this gaze could not advance without there being a series of disputes and controversies about its reach and the limits to its indiscriminate application. Focusing on the figure of French alienist Alexandre Brierre de Boismont and on the controversial cases of hallucinations and suicide, this article addresses the conflicts generated by the use of certain emblematic concepts and categories present in French psychological medicine throughout the central decades of the 19th-century, as well as the essentially ambivalent relationship of the psychopathological point of view with the criticism of a culture that was made responsible, then, as now, for a great number of psychological disorders and illnesses.


Clinico-haemato-biochemical studies were carried out on fourteen cross-bred cattle affected with lantana toxicity. There was not much changes in haematology of lantana fed animals. Biochemical alterations included increased level of bilirubin, blood urea nitrogen, creatine and increased activities of AST and ALT. The mild clinical cases of lantana toxicity may be treated by oral administration of activated charcoal and magnesium sulphate, parenteral administration of dextrose saline (5%), liver extract with B-complex, antihistaminic and calcium borogluconate along with transplantation of fresh rumen liquor.


Abstract We consider the asymptotic properties of the synthetic control (SC) estimator when both the number of pretreatment periods and control units are large. If potential outcomes follow a linear factor model, we provide conditions under which the SC unit asymptotically recovers the factor structure of the treated unit, even when the pretreatment fit is imperfect. This happens when there are weights diluted among an increasing number of control units such that a weighted average of the factor structure of the control units asymptotically reconstructs the factor structure of the treated unit. In this case, the SC estimator is asymptotically unbiased even when treatment assignment is correlated with time-varying unobservables. Supplementary materials for this article, including a standardized description of the materials available for reproducing the work, are available as an online supplement.


The study of the basic knowledge of syntactical figures, form of expression, especially the thorough and careful study of their rhetorical characteristics can help us better understand and grasp syntactical stylistic devices and therefore, it can in the meanwhile, help us not only improve our reading ability of appreciation, but also raise our writing level.


The haute cuisine industry. The business model of fine dining restaurants. The chef's role and image. The business model innovation of haute cuisine chefs.


The phosphorylation sites on the human, 85-kDa cytosolic phospholipase A (cPLA) were identified using recombinant cPLA expressed in Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells. Analysis by high performance liquid chromatography of tryptic digests of P-labeled recombinant cPLA showed four major peaks of radiolabeled phosphopeptides. The phosphorylated residues were identified as Ser-437, Ser-454, Ser-505, and Ser-727 using mass spectrometry and automated Edman sequencing. Sf9 cells infected with recombinant virus expressing cPLA exhibited a time-dependent release of arachidonic acid in response to the calcium ionophore A23187 or the protein phosphatase inhibitor okadaic acid, which was not observed in Sf9 cells infected with wild-type virus. Stimulation of Sf9 cells with A23187 and okadaic acid also increased the level of phosphorylation of cPLA. Okadaic acid, but not A23187, induced a gel shift of cPLA and increased the level of phosphorylation of Ser-727 by 4.5-fold, whereas the level of phosphorylation of the other sites increased by 60% or less in response to both agonists. To determine whether the same sites on cPLA were phosphorylated in mammalian cells, human monocytes were studied. Okadaic acid stimulation of monocytes induced a gel shift of cPLA, increased the release of arachidonic acid, and increased the level of phosphorylation of cPLA on serine residues. Comparison of two-dimensional peptide maps of tryptic digests of P-labeled recombinant cPLA and human monocyte cPLA demonstrated that the same peptides on cPLA were phosphorylated in mammalian cells as in insect cells. These results show that the Sf9-baculovirus expression system is useful for investigation of the phosphorylation sites on cPLA. The results also suggest that phosphorylation of the cPLA by protein kinases other than mitogen-activated protein kinase may be important for the regulation of arachidonic acid release.


During meiosis, the maternal and paternal homologous chromosomes must align along their entire length and recombine to achieve faithful segregation in the gametes. Meiotic recombination is accomplished through the formation of DNA double-strand breaks, a subset of which can mature into crossovers to link the parental homologous chromosomes and promote their segregation. Breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility protein BRCA1 and its heterodimeric partner BARD1 play a pivotal role in DNA repair in mitotic cells; however, their functions in gametogenesis are less well understood. Here we show that localization of BRC-1 and BRD-1 (Caenorhabditis elegans orthologues of BRCA1 and BARD1) is dynamic during meiotic prophase I; they ultimately becoming concentrated at regions surrounding the presumptive crossover sites, co-localizing with the pro-crossover factors COSA-1, MSH-5 and ZHP-3. The synaptonemal complex is essential for BRC-1 loading onto chromosomes but recombination is not. BRC-1 forms an in vivo complex with the synaptonemal complex component SYP-3 and the crossover-promoting factor MSH-5. Furthermore, BRC-1 is essential for efficient stage-specific recruitment of the RAD-51 recombinase to DNA damage sites when synapsis is impaired and upon induction of exogenous DNA double-strand breaks. Taken together, our data provide new insights into the localization and meiotic function of the BRC-1–BRD-1 complex and highlight their essential role in DNA double-strand break repair during gametogenesis. Author summary Sexually reproducing species rely on meiosis to transmit their genetic information across generations. Parental chromosomes (homologues) undergo many distinctive processes in their complex journey from attachment to segregation. The physiological induction of DNA double strand breaks is crucial for promoting correct chromosome segregation: they are needed to activate the DNA repair machinery responsible for creating physical connections, or crossovers (COs), between the homologues. In turn, crossovers promote the accurate segregation of the chromosomes in daughter cells. The BRCA1–BARD1 complex has a pivotal role during DNA repair in somatic cells and is exclusively located on unaligned chromosomal regions during mammalian meiosis. We show that in Caenorhabditis elegans, BRCA1 and BARD1 localize to chromosomes at all stages of meiotic prophase I and are enriched at presumptive crossover sites. We found that BRCA1 promotes DNA loading of the repair factor RAD-51 in specific mutant backgrounds and upon exogenous damage induction. Our data provide evidence for a direct physical association between BRCA1 and pro-crossover factors (including the synaptonemal complex) and identify an important role for BRCA1 in stimulating meiotic DNA repair. Further studies are necessary to identify the substrates acted upon by BRCA1–BARD1 complex to maintain genome stability in the gametes.


The N2O concentration was measured in a circulating fluidized bed boiler of commercial size. Kinetics for N2O reduction by char and catalytic reduction and decomposition over bed material from the combustor were determined in a laboratory fixed bed reactor. The destruction rate of N2O in the combustion chamber and the cyclone was calculated taking three mechanisms into account:  reduction by char, catalytic decomposition over bed material, and thermal decomposition. The calculated destruction rate was in good agreement with the measured destruction of N2O injected at different levels in the boiler. The conclusion is that in the bottom part of the combustor, where the solids concentration is about 1000 kg/m3 (voidage 0.6) and the char content in solids 2 wt %, heterogeneous reactions were the most important N2O destruction mechanisms. Reduction by char accounted for 80% of the N2O destruction, 20% was due to catalytic decomposition over bed material, and homogeneous thermal decomposition was negligible. However, at higher levels in the combustor, the solids concentration is lower:  at the top 60% of the N2O destruction was due to thermal decomposition and in the cyclone heterogeneous destruction of N2O was insignificant. It was estimated that more than one-half of the formation of N2O in the combustion chamber takes place above the secondary air inlet.


: This paper presents flow configuration software enhancement on the industrial internet of things (IIoT) environment using field device tool (FDT) ver. 2 (FDT2) technology. The focus of this paper is to exhibit how FDT2 business logic components are preserved for IIoT enhancement and how easily IIoT environment is realized. We show the value of this development by explaining the e ff ectiveness of IIoT use cases. The FDT IIoT server (FITS) and the reference architecture model Industrie 4.0 (RAMI 4.0) relation analysis is done to prove its e ff ectiveness. We confirmed a dramatical change of field device management work by each use case analysis which covers a variety of end-user requirement. Decoupling the DTM user interface and DTM business logic means that digital data produced in DTM business logic is transformed appropriately according to each end-user scenario. We decoupled flow measurement application extended functionality, and it means that achievement in developing key technologies for an asset management tool that makes full use of IIoT to measure mass flow.


Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are pollutants linked to combustion processes. They are considered potential causes of health problems in high density urban areas. Quantifying PAHs exposure in urban areas is the major goal of the EXPAH LIFE+ Project (www.ispesl.it/expah). Many field campaigns have been conducted in the urban area of Rome. A major target of this project was to construct PAHs exposure maps starting from the measurements and from the results obtained by an air dispersion model. To meet this goal, an integrated approach based on measurements and machine learning methods has been applied to reconstruct daily PAHs concentration maps. These maps may be used to estimate short and long term exposure. SVMs are a class of supervised machine learning methods (SMLM), a branch of the artificial intelligence, developed by Vapnik in the '90s to address classification and regression problems (they have been later extended to other problems). SVMs are capable of finding non-linear relations by using kernel functions. The usefulness of these methods lies in their capability to produce good predictions once new samples are available. In the work we have applied the so-called ε-SVR methods using the LIBSVM software. In the literature, some intelligent methods have been previously used to forecast ozone and primary pollutants concentrations. However, Support Vector Machines (SVMs) methods have been rarely applied for air dispersion modeling. We consider a dataset that contains one year of air quality data for the urban area of Rome over the time period June 1, 2011 and May 30, 2012. In addition, we employ field data from six-eight days' campaigns distributed over the seasons. The region of interest is an area 60 km × 60 km centered on the city of Rome and divided into 3600 pixels (each one 1 km × 1 km). Three kinds of variables have been initially considered: meteorological variables (wind direction, wind speed, pressure, precipitations, relative humidity, temperature and total cloud cover), pollutant emissions and the outputs of the base case FARM model (an air dispersion model based on a deterministic approach for pollutant modeling, described below). For each variable, hourly values were available for each pixel and for each day of the period. In addition, the dates (day and month) are included as inputs.


Foreword Introduction Definitions Formulae Types of Nomenclature Binary Nomenclature Substitutive Nomenclature Additive Nomenclature Organometallic Nomenclature Polymer Nomenclature Boron Hydrides Biochemical Nomenclature Other nomenclatures Name Construction and Deconstruction InChIs Future developments Graphical representation.


To determine the maximum likelihood estimate in case of the iterative solution of the likelihood equations we need a convergence criterion. Usually numerically motivated convergence criteria are used; we propose a statistically motivated convergence criterion. Our criterion reduces the number of iterations tremendously. The iterative algorithm to solve the equations is known to be unstable in the neighborhood of the exact solution. Our method avoids this numerical unstable region. The theory is validated by simulations.


Ferroelectric materials with tetragonal tungsten bronze (TTB) structure are technologically important for optical applications such as electro-optic, nonlinear optic, and photorefractive devices. Since the direction of spontaneous polarization is only along the c-axis of TTB structure, they are called uniaxial ferroelectrics. The structural formula of TTB ferroelectrics is expressed by (A1)2(A2)4(C)4-(B1)2(B2)8O30 with corner sharing distorted BO6 octahedra as shown in Fig. 1. In the case of ferroelectric Ba2NaNb5O15, the A1 and A2 sites are completely occupied by Ba and Na ions. Thus belongs to so called the filled TTB ferroelectrics, which undergo a normal ferroeletric sharp transition [1]. On the other hand, in SrxBa1-xNb2O6 (SBN100x), the A1 sites are occupied only by Sr ions and the A2 sites are occupied by both Ba and Sr ions. Since 1/6(A1+A2) sites remain unoccupied, it belongs to the unfilled TTB ferroelectrics. The randomly distributed vacancies at A1 and A2 sites are the main source of quenched random fields (RFs) due to the immanent charge disorder. They enhance the diffusivity of a broad phase transition. With the increase of the Sr content, the lattice entropy at A1 and A2 sites [2] increases as shown in Fig. 2, and the Curie temperature, TC decreases. Consequently, the diffusive nature increases due to the increase of the strength of RFs, which are believed to play a dominant role for the relaxorness. Thie is because quenched random fluctuations of RFs induce polar nanoregions (PNRs) which have a dominant contribution to the precursor phenomena of the ferroelectric phase transition [3,4]. In the present study, the effect of very weak RFs on the elastic properties of SBN26 (x = 0.26) single crystals was investigated using Brillouin scattering spectroscopy. The observed result of SBN26 is compared with that of SBN80 (x = 0.80) with strong RFs.


The paper analyses the practical problem of maintenance task scheduling,with the goal of recovering the battle effectiveness in the best times.The paper establishes the model of maintenance task scheduling based on specialty,and researches on the method of solving and optimizing the model.Not only can the method be applied to the static maintenance task scheduling but also can be applied to dynamic maintenance task scheduling.At last,the validity and maneuverability of the method is demonstrated by a example,and the result shows that the method is true of fact which can resolve the problem of maintenance task scheduling effectively and quickly.


The steel beam-column joint connection strengthened by plate ring is the most mature and widely used joint connection.The researches in the past paid attentions to the behavior of the joint with beam regularly arranged.No research report has been provided at present for the mechanic characteristics of special joint with beam irregularly arranged.It is difficult to design the joint with beam irregularly arranged in actual project design.Experiments on 2 typical full-scale joints strengthened by plate ring with beam irregularly arranged are conducted to examine directly the structural behavior and the failure mechanism of the joint.Based on the experimental results,the following conclusion can be drawn: stresses in the beam flange can be effectively transferred to steel tube wall by stiffening ring plate;stiffening ring plate can work together with steel tube wall within the effective scope;the stresses in stiffening ring plate at the side without connecting any beams are much small.Good performances of such kind of beam-column joint can be maintained by reasonable design.


We introduce a fast partial difference elimination (PDE) algorithm for motion estimation (ME). The basic idea of the proposed approach is to eliminate invalid candidates earlier by predicting a total matching error between matching and candidate blocks. The matching error prediction is performed by using a partially computed matching error between the blocks. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can significantly save about 40% of the averaged computational costs versus the conventional PDE algorithm for ME at the cost of ignorable image quality degradation, whose average value is 0.0012 dB.


The new curriculum of higher education is based on the competence of graduates. The competencies that students should develop are comprehending the knowledge and using it to solve problems by explorative and using technology. One of the subjects in mathematics that students learn is group theory. A group is an algebraic structure consisting of a set which fulfils some properties. As written in the new curriculum, learning should instil values, including cultural values, so that students are more appreciative and familiar with the culture of their nation. So, this study aimed to construct learning strategy on teaching group theory with combining culture element and technology. The results of this study were the steps of learning strategies that had been constructed to learn group theory by involving culture and technology that got a positive response from students. The technology referred to in this study was the use of programs, such as Kali, Tess, Group Explorer and jBatik software. Meanwhile, the cultural elements used in group theory learning were the motifs of batik and carving.


The invention discloses a push-up trainer which comprises a first hand support, a first force sensor and a first controller. The first force sensor is arranged on the bottom surface of the first hand support, the first controller is arranged in the first hand support, and the first force sensor is connected with the first controller. The first force sensor comprises a first force-measurement acquisition circuit which is used for acquiring first data including value data and fluctuation data of pressure applied to the first hand support from hands of a user. The first force-measurement acquisition circuit is connected with the first controller which is used for counting push-up numbers according to the first data. According to the technical scheme, the push-up trainer is capable of counting automatically so that counting accuracy is improved.


The Icatibant Outcome Survey (IOS; NCT01034969) is a Shire‐sponsored, international, observational study monitoring the safety and effectiveness of icatibant, a bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist approved for the acute treatment of adults with hereditary angioedema with C1 inhibitor deficiency (HAE‐C1‐INH).


In this summary we present a simple and unsupervised Semantic Query Expansion model (SemQueryExp) for Complex Answer Retrieval (CAR). TREC CAR is a large-scale information retrieval shared evaluation task based on Wikipedia content. We have participated in the Passage Ranking Task of TREC CAR. Queries are provided as hierarchical section outlines and the goal is to retrieve the relevant paragraph, i.e., the original Wikipedia paragraphs of the respective section. The queries consist of the page title in which the section appears, the name of the main section and one or more sub-level sections (e.g., Thompson Capper // Early career // South African service). A section in turn contains a number of terms that we want to use in order to expand the query with semantically related terms. Here we rely on 300-dimensional GloVe [1] word embeddings, pre-trained on Wikipedia. For each word in the query we lookup its embedding, search for the k-nearest-neighbors and add the corresponding words to the query. Distances between word embeddings are measured with the cosine similarity. The final query consists now of its original query terms as well as the words added during query expansion. We assume that words appearing in lower sub-section levels, i.e. more specific sections, capture more relevance for the query than words appearing on higher levels such as the page title, which only describe the surrounding theme. This is encoded by assigning each query term a weight according to it's level in the hierarchical outline. If a word is in the title it receives a weight of 1, if it is in the main section it receives a weight of 2, etc. Expanded query terms are assumed to be noisy and scored with a value ranging between 0 and 1, depending on their cosine similarity. The final query consists of the union of all terms appearing in the outline and the expanded query terms, coupled with respective weights. All data is normalized by removing stop words and applying lemmatization. We execute the query on a Lucene index as a BoostedQuery using the BM25 retrieval model. We used no external data and we tuned the value of the parameter k on the benchmarkY1-train portion of the TREC CAR dataset.


World Resources 2008 argues that properly designed enterprises can create economic, social, and environmental resilience that cushion the impacts of climate change, and help provide needed social stability. Increased resilience must be part of the response to the risks of climate change. The efforts that foster resilience chart the first steps on the path out of poverty. World Resource Institute (WRI) identifies those elements without which the achievement of any permanent measure of improvement, of any promise of sustained growth, is greatly diminished. When these factors are present, resourceful and resilient communities can emerge. Resilience is the capacity to adapt and to thrive in the face of challenge. This report contends that when the poor successfully scale up ecosystem-based enterprises, their resilience can increase in three dimensions: they can become more economically resilient, better able to face economic risks. They and their communities can become more socially resilient, better able to work together for mutual benefit. And the ecosystems they live in can become more biologically resilient, more productive and stable. WRI recognize that the concern for poverty extends to the serious problems of urban poverty as well. For this reason, WRI must continue to support responsible industrial development that generates jobs and opportunity, even as it lessens its burden of pollution. Such urban industrial growth has been a significant factor in East Asia's success over the last two decades in reducing poverty.


Brassica rapa belongs to Brassicaceae family with diploid (2n=20) genotype and this species consists of morphological diverse crops. It includes leafy vegetables, turnip vegetables, and vegetable oil. This study focused on investigation of hormones and sugar storage during turnip tuber formation in turnip plants. First, sugar and starch content in mature turnip tubers of 19 turnip accessions from different geographical origin and growth conditions (Greenhouse and field) were measured by enzymatic analysis. Glucose and fructose content were higher than sucrose content in most of the accessions and the total sugar and starch content in tubers grown in greenhouse were higher than the ones grown in the field. VT-053 was unique from all accessions, as it had high sucrose content in both field and greenhouse grown conditions. For sugar translocation study, four (SM-17, FT-004, FT-086 & DH-VT-117) accessions were used which collected at different growth stage. Average total sugar content was lower in leaf tissues than in turnip tissues in all tested growth stages. In addition, the average total glucose content was also lower at later growth stages (4 & 5) in shoot and tuber tissues. This might show the flow of sugar from the leaves (source) to storage organ. Based on these data, VT-115, VT-117, VT-012, VT-053, VT-052, FT-002, YS-143 and red round turnip accessions were selected and grown in vitro condition to assess the effect of sucrose (5, 6, 7, & 8%), medium (Standard MS-medium and Tuber Inducing Medium), photoperiod (long day (LD16) & the shortest day (SD8)) and hormones (BAP and GA3) in vitro condition. The result of this part showed that six percent sucrose with the standard MS medium in the long day condition induced turnip tuber formation. GA3 hormone did not show a significant difference in turnip formation for all (0, 3.5, 7.5 and 11.5mg/l) tested concentrations. Application of exogenous BAP (5, 10, & 15mg/l) hormone inhibited turnip tuber formation and turnip growth. Third, gene expression patterns of 21 selected genes in two tissue types (shoot and tuber) from six different growth stages of VT-117 were quantified using qRT-PCR. The result of this part indicated that Out of 21 genes VTuni_02, VTuni_05, VTuni_09, VTuni_14, VTuni_30, BraDDF1, BraARF1 and BraARF3_2 might be involved in turnip tuber formation.


This paper starts with an up-to-date literature review of the pre-rift, syn-rift and post-rift stratigraphy of the Gulf of Suez. The geometry and depth of the Proterozoic basement is not generally known due to poor seismic images below the Upper Miocene evaporites (including massive rock salt) and clastics. The pre-rift Paleozoic to Early Oligocene succession shows that several local basins (c. 10s of km in extent) occur in the Gulf, with thick sedimentary sections (e.g. c. 3,000 m for Paleozoic and 1,000 m for Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous). The origin and distribution of these basins is not well understood and the presence of similar pre-rift basins in the southern Gulf is not known to occur. The syn-rift Late Oligocene to Middle Miocene and post-rift Late Miocene – Pliocene successions are widely distributed within the rift basin and reach a thickness in excess of 5,000 m.
 In order to visualize the grain and relative relief of the Proterozoic basement, a series of aeromagnetic images are shown in this paper. The images include Total Magnetic Intensity (TMI), Reduced-to-Pole (RTP), filtered regional and structural RTP, and Second Vertical Derivative (SVD). The paper also shows a three-dimensional visualization image of the magnetic basement that highlights the distribution of the basins in the Gulf. The magnetic lows do not generally trend along the Suez (NNW-trending Clysmic) Fault, but instead show highly variable orientations attributed to a complex pattern of criss-crossing faults. In particular, two areas were selected to interpret the geometry and depth of the basement. The first area covered the northern Zaafarana Accommodation Zone and involved modeling five aeromagnetic profiles. The Zone was interpreted as an EW-trending basement plateau bounded by basins that are c. 8,000 m deep. The second modeled area (four profiles) covered the southern Morgan Accommodation Zone. This zone was interpreted as an ENE-trending plateau of similar relief to the Zaafarana Zone. The Morgan Zone is terminated in the eastern Gulf by the 8,000-m-deep Morgan Basin. The very deep basins surrounding the two plateaus may contain both pre-rift and syn-rift source rocks, from which the numerous surrounding petroleum fields were sourced.


The singularity distribution method or the Green's function method is considered to be one of the most suitable methods for estimating motions of an arbitrary shape floating body. This is based on the integral of the Green's function and its derivative over the submerged surface of a floating body. For precise calculations of the integral, sophisticated numerical treatments are required, and the corresponding CPU-time may be very long.This paper deals with an elimination technique of CPU-time to calculate the Green's function of a floating body with a symmetrical shape. Appling it to a biaxial symmetrical floating body, CPU-time can be reduced to be the quarter in comparison with the ordinary calculation.


Signs and symptoms of Parkinsonism have a high prevalence in older persons. Parkinsonism is associated with negative outcomes in the elderly and there is still uncertainty about when and how to start levodopa in these conditions. The diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson disease is often not pursued in the oldest old. The coexistence of both motor and cognitive impairment is the strongest factor limiting the initiation of treatment with levodopa and/or dopamine agonists in a geriatric setting, given the possibility of producing psychotic symptoms, such as visual hallucinations. It seems reasonable to perform at least one attempt to administer levodopa in older persons with parkinsonism, especially when symptoms and motility disorders are evident, in order to try to obtain an improvement in walking speed and balance. Important signs that should guide treatment for Parkinsonism in older persons are the presence of line-pipe rigidity and cogwheel rigidity.


The determinants of child health, rrortality, and fertility are analyzed within a household production framework which incorporates the child's genetic health endownent along with relevant prices. Child height-for-age and weight~for-height are the proxies for child health in the estinated equations. But because child stature reflects both genetic and environmental factors, a proxy for genetic endowment is included, namely, the rrother's height and weight-for-height. The errpirical results confirm the conventional wisdom of the health literature that child height represents cumulative health, and child weight-for-height, transitory health. This confirrration follows from the result that child height is determined by measures of the longer term inherited incorne and health position of the household, namely, father's schooling and household assets. Child weight-for-height is determined by rrother 's schooling, wage and weight-for-height, and father's wage. Thus, the use of the two indicators in any evaluation of child health in sorre sense corrplerrent each other. DEMAND FOR CHILD HEALTH AND FERTILITY IN RURAL INDIA*


Introduction Almost 70% of Portuguese people do not meet the minimal physical activity recommendations for health. Walking trails (WT) may be particularly effective at reaching populations with high risk for inactive behaviours. However, sparse information exists in respect to quantify the acute physiologic adaptations induced by different WT this may be chiefly important between senior people bearing in mind the decline in recover capacity from physical efforts as age grows up. Considering this, the aim of this study was to examine the effects of different WT on acute physiological adaptations of aging people. Methods 33 healthy women (62.5 /pm 7.4 years) and 30 healthy men (58.2 /pm 5.8 years) participate in this study and perform 4 distinct WT: WT1 (distance=3874.6m and altimetry=75m); WT2 (distance=5644.2m and altimetry=50m); WT3 (distance=6092.0m and altimetry=105m); WT4 (distance=6925.5m and altimetry=60m). Heart rate (HR) and caloric expenditure estimated through the HR relationship with VO2max, previously evaluated through Bruce protocol, was continuously recorded in all WT. Before (U1) and immediately after (U2) each WT, a capillary blood sample was colleted to analyze blood urea (mg/dL) concentration and estimate protein catabolism, especially important in this population once the protein turnover decreases with age. Results/Conclusions Our results suggest that women perform most of the WT with more intensity, as it can be seen through the mean values of relative HR (between 71.6 /pm 9.5 and 76.3 /pm 8.6 bpm for women and between 66.0 /pm 7.4 and 67.2 /pm 8.8 bpm for men), as well as by the similar values in the speed (between 4.9 /pm 0.4 and. 5.4 /pm 0.6 km.h-1 for both groups). At first glance, only in the WT1 women were faster than man, which seem to have influenced the protein catabolism. However, considering that women are shorter than man, the close values in speed represent a higher stride frequency for females than males, and so the intensity. Having in mind the characteristics and the acute physiological adaptations to each WT, we may say that the distance influence a lot the protein catabolism. Beside this variable, it seems important to consider the speed, especially between the women group, once the WT1 (the shorter WT) have also induced an increase in urea concentration as opposed to WT3 (longer and with more slope variation). In conclusion, we may advance that although the distance tends to stimulate more acute physiological adaptations, the speed and the slope variation should also be considered.


Abstract The prevalence and incidence of trauma-related injuries, coronary heart disease and other chronic diseases increase dramatically with age. This population sector is therefore a regular consumer of different types of drugs that may affect platelet aggregation and the coagulation cascade. We have evaluated whether the consumption of acetylsalicylic acid, acenocoumarol, glucosamine sulfate and chondroitin sulfate, and therefore their presence in blood, could interfere with the preparation and biological outcomes of plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF). Clotting time, clot retraction and platelet activation of PRGF was evaluated. PRGF growth factor content and the release of different biomolecules by tendon fibroblasts were also quantified, as well as cell proliferation and cell migration. The preparation and biological potential of PRGF is not affected by the intake of the evaluated drugs, and solely its angiogenic potential and its capacity to induce HA and fibronectin synthesis, is reduced in patients taking anti-coagulants.


we report the case of a 51-year old Caucasian man who presented himself at our hospital with ocular involvement of mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP). Both eyes were affected by intense scarring, symblephara and erythema of the conjunctiva. His vision was reduced to 0.1–0.15 in the right eye, while in the left eye he was nearly blind, with only blurry vision remaining. He had been diagnosed with ocular mucous membrane pemphigoid (ocMMP) ten years before and had received a recurrent high-dose prednisolone treatment, a concomitant therapy with dapsone followed by cyclophosphamide. Due to the additional involvement and rapid deterioration of the skin of the face, scalp and arms, the systemic therapy was replaced with mycophenolate sodium and further supplemented by rituximab infusions [1, 2]. As a result, the skin lesions healed completely, and the eye inflammation regressed. He remained in ophthalmologic care for seven years, with varying topical eye treatment (Figure 1). The diagnosis of MMP was based on histopathological visualization of subepidermal blistering and positive direct immunofluorescence showing linear deposits of IgG and C3 along the basement membrane zone [1]. Immunoblotting detected circulating IgG4 autoantibodies against laminin 332 that can be found in approximately 20 % of all MMP patients [3–5]. In particular, the oral mucosa (85 %) and eyes (65 %) are affected by the disease [6]. Patients with anti-laminin 332 ocMMP have an increased risk for associated malignancies. About 30 % of the cases are diagnosed with cancer, particularly of visceral organs such as the stomach and colon [4, 7, 8]. Our patient underwent repeated tumor screening tests, all of which returned negative. Initially, the patient was started on an intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy to improve a recurrent inflammation of the conjunctiva and to restore his vision. In addition, a new regime of mycophenolate mofetil and subsequent cyclophosphamide was given. Despite the highly potent treatment, no improvement in vision could be achieved (Figure 1). At this point, the patient was only able to identify hand movements (Figure 2). Once blindness manifests, few therapeutic options remain. Previous amniotic membrane transplantations on the left and right eye had reduced the inflammation but did not improve the vision. As corneal transplantation frequently fails, visual rehabilitation in MMP associated with severe dry eye can only be achieved with the help of keratoprostheses, such as the osteo-odonto-keratoprosthesis (OOKP) or the tibial bone keratoprosthesis (TKpro) [9–13]. Long term analysis revealed better results for the OOKP, though the TKpro presents a useful alternative, if no suitable tooth is available [9, 10]. Our patient was therefore referred to the Department of Ophthalmology at the Ortenau Klinikum at Offenburg, which is one of two centers in Germany offering OOKP DOI: 10.1111/ddg.14259 Osteo-odonto-keratoprosthesis restores vision in ocular mucous membrane pemphigoid Clinical Letter


Abstract 3164

We have recently found that human mature red blood cells (RBCs), though lacking large RNAs, possess a diverse and abundant set of microRNAs (miRNAs). MiRNAs are a class of small RNAs that inhibit translation and/or promote degradation of target mRNAs. Red blood cells are an ideal model for small RNA identification due to the relatively low amount of contaminating mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA fragments.

We performed deep sequencing of small RNAs in human RBCs to provide an unbiased set of both known and novel microRNAs, and to gain insight into the process of erythropoiesis. Small RNA libraries were applied to the Illumina GAII deep sequencing platform from both HbAA and HbSS individuals, as microRNAs have also been shown to be genetic determinants of sickle cell phenotypes (Sangokoya 2010). A modified version of the probabilistic modeling algorithm, miRDeep (Friedlander 2008), was used to identify several novel and known microRNAs. Genomic loci that overlapped with miRNAs described in miRBase were identified as known miRNAs. The remaining genomic loci were identified as encoding candidate novel miRNAs. Collectively, we identified 253 predicted miRNA precursor loci from the two samples. 226 miRNA precursor loci annotated in miRBase were identified as known miRNAs, whereas the remaining 27 precursor loci were identified as candidate novel miRNAs. In addition to miRNAs, we identified other small RNAs that did not pass miRDeep criteria. One of the most abundant sequences consisted of a distinct fragment of Ro-associated Y4 RNA (hY4). Y RNAs are involved in chromosomal DNA replication and cell proliferation, and specifically, RNAs hY1 and hY4 have been shown to be present in mature human erythrocytes (O'Brien 1990).

In addition, we also identified the relative expression of both novel and known microRNAs during erythropoiesis using both human and mouse erythroid differentiation models. We are currently investigating the relevant targets and regulatory functions of these microRNAs during erythropoiesis, as well as experimental validation of authentic microRNA fuction of novel microRNAs. This global analysis will enhance our understanding of events dictating red cell maintenance and development.

Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


S OF PRESENTATIONS RELATED TO IGCP 458 (TRIASSIC-JURASSIC BOUNDARY EVENTS) HETTANGIAN AMMONITES AND RADIOLARIANS IN THE MT. CAMICIA SUCCESSION (GRAN SASSO, CENTRAL APENNINES) Bertinelli A., Nannarone C., Passeri L. and Venturi F. Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Perugia (Italy) The Gran Sasso range contains two different Late Triassic Early Liassic facies: a) shallowwater carbonate facies in the western part (Corno Grande), with the Dolomia Principale Fm. in the Late Triassic and the Calcare Massiccio Fm. in the Early Liassic; b) euxinic to open-pelagic facies on the eastern part (Mt. Camicia). Adamoli et al. (1990) described the following lithologic intervals in the lower part of the Mt. Camicia succession (Vradda section): 1) thin-bedded bituminous dolostones (Scisti Bituminosi Auctt.), referred to the Late Triassic; 2) thin-bedded dolostones (Vradda Dolostones); 3) mottled limestones in thickening upward cycles with thin bedded micrite and calcarenites (Spotted Limestone); 4) Ammonitic Beds referred to the Early Liassic p.p.; 5) Corniola Fm. with cherty micrites, calcarenites and calcirudites (Early Liassic p.p. Middle Liassic); it is followed by the Late Liassic "Verde Ammonitico" Fm. The Ammonitic Beds (20 m. thick) crop out on the eastern side of the "Vallone di Vradda" and they have been studied along various stratigraphic sections. The Ammonitic Beds are made of thinbedded micrites and calcarenites and they are quite similar to the overlying Corniola; the calcarenites in the upper part of the section are sometimes silicified. An anoxic level (4-5 cm thick), made of a felted bituminous matter, is present in the lower part. Six thin levels with abundant small-sized ammonites were found in the calcarenites: a) the lower level contains abundant specimens of "Euphyllites" n. sp. indet. and rare specimens of n. gen. indet. aff. Discamphiceras (Middle Hettangian ?); b) the second level contains a minor amount of specimens: "Euphyllites", Wähneroceras sp. indet., Schlotheimia sp. indet. and a gen. indet. (Pseudotropitinae) (Late Hettangian); c-d) the third and fourth levels contain many specimens of "Analytoceras" n. sp. indet., rare specimens of Schlotheimia sp. indet., a gen. indet. aff. Discamphiceras and Pseudaetomoceras doetzkirchneri (Late Hettangian); e) the fifth contains rare specimens of Paracaloceras sp. indet. and Sunrisites sp. indet. (Late Hettangian); f) the sixth contains many specimens of Gyrophioceras praespiratissimus and G. supraspiratum Wähner, and rare specimens of Schlotheimia sp. indet. (Late Hettangian). The largest part of these taxa are completely unknown in Italy; this assemblage shows some analogies with the Adnet fauna (Northern Calcareous Alps) (Wähner, 1882-97). The Ammonitic Beds of Mt. Camicia are very rich in radiolarians which are often calcitized; just in the lower (a) and in the upper (f) levels we have found many well preserved specimens. These are characterized by spherical and irregularly spinose forms, often with tubercles. The most abundant genus is Praeconocaryomma. The first occurrence of this genus was reported from the Early Sinemurian (Yeh & Cheng, 1998); the ammonites found in the Vradda section suggest that this genus was present since at least the Middle Hettangian. Studies on the other specimens found in the first and in the sixth levels are in progress. The results of this research are: a) a further support for the existence of a pelagic basin in the eastern part of the Gran Sasso range since at least the Early Liassic; b) a first documentation of a succession of Hettangian ammonites in Italy; c) a correlation of some radiolarian taxa with the ammonites biozones. References Adamoli L., Bigozzi A., Ciarapica G., Cirilli S., Passeri L., A. Romano, F. Duranti & Venturi F. (1990) Boll. Soc. Geol. It., 109, 239-247. Yeh K.Y. & Cheng Y.N. (1998) – Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sc. of Taiwan, 11, 1-65. Wähner F. (1882 – 97) – Beitr. Pal. Österreich – Ungarns und des Orients, 2-11, 291 pp.


IN 1958 SAYRE and P1 reported on two patients under the title "Retinitis pigmentosa, external ophthalmoplegia, and complete heart block. . ." Although chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia has been associated with a multitude of other diseases, including retinitis pigmentosa, the triad of external ophthalmoplegia, retinitis pigmentosa, and heart block had not been previously reported. We believed then that this association, although seen in only two patients, represented a syndrome and was not merely a chance occurrence. Since that report, we have seen a number of similar cases. Although our better understanding of these cases and of the associated findings has produced some changes in our interpretation, we feel even more strongly that the association of these findings represents a syndrome not previously recognized. The purpose of this paper is (1) to present the historical background of extemal ophthalmoplegia occurring alone or in association with pigmentary degeneration of the retina or cardiomyopathy and (2) to report a series of cases of a newly recognized syndrome consisting of the occurrence of external ophthalmoplegia in association with both pigmentary degeneration of the retina and cardiomyopathy.


Numerous studies have revealed that propolis has medicinal properties and acts as a biological active agent with antioxidant, cytotoxic, and anticancer properties. Known propolis types include European propolis, Brazilian green propolis, red South American propolis, and Mediterranean propolis. The Omani propolis is deferent from these known propolis types, as it reflects novel plant and resin materials collected by honeybees in Omani apiaries. It is postulated that the Omani propolis is rich in new active phenolic constituents that are not present in other well studied propolis types.


Dietary exposure to cadmium, even at lower doses, can lead to free radical induced neurotoxicity, neurobehavioral changes and alteration in neurotransmitters. Such changes are likely to be more pronounced in the developing brain due to incompleteness of blood brain barrier (BBB). Hippocampus being the seat of intelligence has a role in learning and cognitive behavior and any damage to hippocampus during developmental stage is likely to result in neurodegenerative changes in later life. To this end, fetal and neonatal exposure to cadmium was induced by exposing pregnant dams of Swiss albino strain throughout the period of gestation and following parturition up till 5th day post partum (pp) through drinking water (3ppm/animal/day). The neonates were sacrificed on day 6 pp and indices of oxidative stress, levels of trace elements and changes in cholinergic system were evaluated in the hippocampus. Increased lipid peroxidation, surge in reactive oxygen species (ROS), depressed antioxidant defense, increased accumulation of cadmium, differential alterations in trace elements and decreased activity of AChE were the features of cadmium toxicity. Simultaneous administration of melatonin to cadmium challenged animals offset these detrimental changes. The results suggest that melatonin co-administration can effectively protect against the adverse effects of cadmium on endogenous antioxidant status, changes in trace metal concentrations and compromised hippocampal cholinergic system.


The goal of this research is to determine how spectral analysis of pressure fluctuations can be used as a diagnostic and design tool for both bubbling fluidized beds (BFB) and circulating fluidized beds (CFB). Static pressure fluctuations are measured from two BFB models, two CFB models, and two Pyropower CFB boilers located at the ISU power plant/cogeneration facility. Analyzing the fluctuations using spectral analysis shows that the structure of pressure fluctuations is governed by multiple phenomena. Similarities and differences between the nature of fluctuations in bubbling, turbulent, and fast fluidization regimes are discussed. The Bode plots of pressure fluctuations under bubbling/turbulent fluidization exhibit the characteristics of an oscillatory second order system. This system is governed by a combination of voidage oscillations and surface eruptions. A theoretical model is developed to predict the frequency of oscillation in fluidized systems, and to explain the second order behavior. A comparison of pressure fluctuation behavior in two geometrically similar BFBs is conducted, which validates previously derived fluidized bed similitude parameters under most operating conditions. Multiple second order phenomena acting concurrently also govern CFB pressure fluctuations. Phenomena similar to that proposed for BFBs governs pressure fluctuations in the lower dense regions of the CFB. A siuface wave phenomena is hypothesized to govem CFB fluctuations above the lower dense bed. Similar pressure dynamics and axial voidage profiles are not observed when currently proposed similitude parameters are matched m two CFBs. By replacing the dimensionless soUds flux with a dimensionless riser loading parameter, this modified set of similitude parameters can be used to establish similar hydrodynamics in CFBs . Primarily due to the periodic operation of the coal feed system in the industrial scale CFB Boiler, pressure fluctuation analysis did not result in any definitive hydrodynamic information.


A protocol conversion card comprises an MVB (multifunction vehicle bus) transceiver, an FPGA (field programmable gate array), a USB (universal serial bus) singlechip and a USB interface, wherein, the FPGA comprises a control module of MVB network protocol, a USB interface module and a Nios II processor; the USB singlechip comprises an FIFO, an SIE and a 51 controller; the MVB transceiver exchanges data with an MVB bus; the control module of MVB network protocol is connected with the MVB transceiver to fulfill the encoding and the decoding of the data of the MVB bus; the USB interface module is connected with the control module of MVB network protocol and the USB singlechip to fulfill data transmission with the USB singlechip; the Nios II processor controls the operation of the control module of MVB network protocol and the USB interface module; the FIFO is connected with the USB interface module of the FPGA and the SIE to fulfill data transmission with the FPGA; the SIE is connected with the USB interface to fulfill the encoding and the decoding of the data of the USB interface; the 51 controller controls the operation of the FIFO and the SIE; and the USB interface exchanges data with a host computer. The protocol conversion card provided by the utility model has the advantages of simple and reliable structure, stable property, low cost and flexile product upgrading.


PART 1: Introduction to the Survival Skills Survival Skill 1: Have a Winning Attitude Survival Skill 2: Know Your Learning Style Survival Skill 3: Know the Language Survival Skill 4: Plan a Learning Strategy Survival Skill 5: Arrange a Suitable Study Area Survival Skill 6: Plan a Reading Strategy Survival Skill 7: Analyze Your Note-Taking Skills Survival Skill 8: Study Actively Survival Skill 9: Use All Your Resources Survival Skill 10: Prepare for Tests Survival Skill 11: Use Test-Taking Strategies During and After a Test Survival Skill 12: What To Do If You Get Lost Special Survival Skills - Learners with Special Needs - Pronunciation - Time Management Tools - Returning Learners - Using Flash Cards Effectively - Using Your Digital Device to Study A&P - Test Anxiety - Climbing the Learning Pyramid - English as a Second Language - The Student Laboratory PART 2: Maps, Charts, & Shortcuts, Special Survival Skills: Using Models and Analogies 1. The Body as a Whole 2. Support and Movement 3. Communication, Control, and Integration 4. Transportation and Defense 5. Respiration, Nutrition, and Excretion 6. Reproduction and Development Common Word Parts Common Abbreviations


Neurons are complex biological systems which develop intricate morphologies and whose dendrites are essential in receiving and integrating input signals from neighboring neurons. While much research has been done on the role of dendrites in neuronal development, a further understanding of dendrite dynamics can provide insight into neural development and the cellular basis of neurological diseases such as schizophrenia, Down's syndrome, and autism. The Jonathon Howard lab hypothesizes that microtubules are a primary driving force in dendrite dynamics. Since it is known that microtubules display dynamic instability, rapidly transitioning between growth, paused, and shrinking states, the Howard lab proposes a similar 3-state transition model for dendrite dynamics. However, this model remains to be rigorously evaluated on dendrite branch data. In this paper, I develop a novel implementation of the Gibbs sampling algorithm for parameterization of the proposed 3-state mixture model, improving upon prior parameterization methods such as least squares fitting. Furthermore, I apply the algorithm on a confocal microscopy dataset of measured dendrite branch velocities from Class IV dendritic arbors in Drosophila melanogaster, demonstrating a good fit of the model to the data.


In modern conditions, opening a business based on the principles of craft technologies is relevant for agricultural producers of Ukraine, because it allows to reduce the risks of security issues and unemployment. Economic processes in the country are changing very quickly, customer requests for unique products and quality are undergoing transformations. Therefore, managing the brand of craft producers will provide an opportunity to find effective ways to optimize costs and efforts to enter new local markets, including foreign ones. The purpose of the study is to determine the current state and strategic aspects of the development of branding based on craft technologies of agricultural enterprises. The existence of an inseparable synergistic effect from a positive brand of a craft product of an agricultural enterprise for both the business entity itself and the consumer is substantiated. This can be traced through the corresponding economic and social result (profit, expenses, satisfaction of needs, emotions). Particular attention is paid to such a feature of a craft product as the personal participation of the owner in its production. The image of such a key person will determine the direction of branding and the perception of its development. The situation that has developed in Ukraine with the organization of craft productions has been analyzed and the most developed types of activities in the agricultural sector have been identified (bakery and confectionery, alcoholic beverages, cheese and dairy products, meat, honey products and canned goods). The main difficulties are related to unsatisfactory marketing, financial difficulties, uncertainty due to military aggression. The strategic aspects of agribusiness that should be planned by the manager in the context of the introduction of craft technologies are substantiated and analyzed: (strategy and tactics of a new type of activity based on craft technology; choosing the location of an agricultural enterprise; choosing suppliers; sources of financing and assessing the impact of craft product development on the image of an agricultural enterprise).


Agrippa d'Aubigne and John Milton are perhaps best known for their epic poems, Les Tragiques and Paradise Lost,' but they had more than epic poetry in common. Both men were passionately religious at important stages in the development of Protestant theology after the Reformation. Both were deeply involved in the political upheavals of their respective countries. The combination of political involvement and religious commitment which dominated the lives of these two men makes


A review of the book Open Access Policy in Latin American Universities: the case of a green route in the National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, aims to bring to Brazilian literature research from other continents, intercalating relevant themes and research in the area of Science of Information and Archives.


The invention discloses an integral type movable iron core structure of an electromagnetic switch for a novel energy car. The integral type movable iron core structure of the electromagnetic switch for the novel energy car comprises a movable iron core (3), a push rod (4) and a pull rod (1), wherein the push rod (4) and the pull rod (1) are stepped shaft shaped structures, a central stepped through hole (11) is arranged in the movable iron core (3) in molding mode, an embedded pressure groove (12) is arranged on the inner wall of the central stepped through hole (11) in molding mode, and the big head end of the pull rod (1) is matched with the big hole end of the central stepped through hole (11). The big head end of the push rod (4) is matched with the small hole end of the central stepped through hole (11), a partition plate (5) is arranged in the embedded pressure groove (12) and arranged between the push rod (4) and the pull rod (1), and a meshing spring (6) is inserted on the pull rod (1) in sleeved mode. An end cover (2) and the movable iron core (3) are fixed on the pull rod (1) and inserted on the pull rod (1) in sleeved mode. The integral type movable iron core structure of the electromagnetic switch for the novel energy car is stable in working, and long in service life, and initial failure phenomenon can not occur.


Object In order to make measures of the HBV prevention of primary and middle school students in native area.We selected 1827 students who have already been infected HBV to investigate the state of HBV infection and infective factors.Result The result indicated that 112 students were infected positive HBsAg,the rate is 6.13%;Among the students who got positive HBsAg,primary students account for 4.92%,lower than the rate of middle school student(8.23%),which showed significant difference(P0.05);And the infection rate of male(7.45%) is higher than the female(4.77%),which indicated significant difference too(P0.05);Beside,we haven't find the positive of HBsAg among the students of the certain vaccination.The HBV-DNA and HBeAg with their positive rate are 51.79% and 51.68% respectively among the students with positive of HBsAg.The data was very near,which demonstrated that the virus in duplicating period show stronger infection.Conclusion We have investigated and analyzed the HBV infection factors.We found that the family experience of B type hepatitis,the blood transfusion,and the usage of blood product can contribute to the HBV infection.


Background: The management of concomitant gallbladder and common bile duct (CBD) stones is controversial. We study the outcomes of laparoscopic management of common bile duct (CBD) stones with stent placement and primary closure against T-tube drainage. Patients and Methods: A series of 31 patients (17 females and 14 males) aged between 30 and 55 years, who underwent biliary decompression after laparoscopic CBD exploration to treat choledocholithiasis, was studied retrospectively from May 2009 to December 2015. The results in patients with stent (11) were compared with those who had T-tube drainage (20). Results: Stent placement and T-tube drainage was achieved in all cases by choledochotomy after adequate clearance of CBD. No mortality was reported in our series. Patients with T-tube drainage had more morbidity and complications compared to stented patients. Stents were successfully removed in all cases in the postoperative follow up by endoscopy. Conclusions: Laparoscopic CBD stenting is a safe method in the treatment of selected patients of CBD stones who need biliary decompression. Because of lower morbidity and shorter hospital stay compared with T-tube drainage, it should be considered as the first approach whenever biliary decompression is needed after LCBDE.


E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com May 25, 2014, Accepted June 18, 2014Key Words : CEC capillary column, Open tubular, Molecular imprinted polymer, Tryptic digest, High sepa-ration efficiencyProteomics aims to understand complex biological systemsby analyzing protein expression, protein function, proteinmodifications and protein interactions.


Modular connection between DC/DC converters is commonly used for many applications, to adapt voltage and power ranges, and in order to achieve scalability. This work presents a modular connection between DC/DC modules, providing an accurate voltage and power sharing, in a reliable way. This option could be used in the intermediate bus architectures, to adapt voltage and power levels, achieving high efficiency. Another advantage of the modular connection is the possibility of standardization. This way, it is possible to reuse a whole system module, just only adapting its voltage level, using an intermediate stage, based on the connection of several DC/DC blocks. To validate this solution, several DC/DC resonant converts have been designed for an input and output voltage of 56 V and 28 V respectively, for a rated power of 200 W (per module) and for a switching frequency of 400 kHz. Therefore, by combining several of these designed modules, it is possible to work at higher voltages and powers in whole system.


This paper describes a methodology for selecting initiating events or event scenarios for the hazard analysis of a new Department of Energy (DOE) facility at the Nevada Test Site for nuclear explosive operations called the Device Assembly Facility (DAF). The selection process is a very important first step in conducting the hazard analysis for the facility, which in turn may feed into a quantitative risk analysis. A comprehensive risk analysis is dependent on the identification and inclusion of a complete set of initiating events in the analysis model. A systematic and logical method of grading or screening all the potential initiating events satisfies the needs for completeness within the bounds of efficiency and practicality. By applying the graded approach to the selection of the initiating events, the task and hazard analysis was able to focus its attention on only those events having the potential to develop into credible accident scenarios. Resources were concentrated into the understanding of those scenarios, and assuring that adequate positive measures are in place to control the risk associated with them.


This study from France concerned itself with the biologic drug, omalizumab, as treatment for chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU). CSU causes troublesome, even debilitating, itchy weals like nettle stings (urticaria), together with swelling of deeper tissues (angioedema) that commonly affects the lips, tongue and eyelids. Omalizumab is licensed for severe CSU that does not respond to high‐dose antihistamines. One hundred and thirty‐six patients with CSU were enrolled and 124 completed the study. They were given three standard doses of omalizumab, every four weeks for 12 weeks. Half the patients also took other medication, usually an antihistamine, to treat their CSU. Researchers and participants knew that all participants were getting omalizumab, and there was no placebo group. Two scoring methods used to assess improvement – the established 7‐day urticaria activity score UAS7 and the newer urticaria control test UCT – were found to correlate i.e. their scores were similar. Omalizumab was effective in two‐thirds of patients as measured by the UAS7 score, and in three‐quarters by the UCT score. These results were not influenced by whether the patients had angioedema. Quality of life scores improved markedly. Mean levels of a blood protein called D‐dimer were increased at the beginning of the study and fell with treatment, but there was no correlation with the improvement in UAS7 or UCT scores. Eight of nine patients with very high D‐dimer levels responded to treatment, so measuring D‐dimer might predict response to omalizumab. Apart from this, the main conclusions were that omalizumab works for CSU and has few side‐effects, and that the UCT is reliable.


The extractability change of phenanthrene in 3 paddy soils and its effect on bacterium diversity were studied using high performance liquid chemography(HPLC)and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(DGGE)under laboratory incubation condition.The extractability of phenanthrene decreased by 56.5%~70.3%in paddy soils added phenanthrene after incubation for 56 d.However,the extractability only decreased by 7.4%~28.4%in control.DGGE analysis showed that the diversity of bacterium was similar roughly in all treatment,and specific bacteria appeared in the paddy soil with high extractability of phenanthrene.


The mutual coupling between the air-conditioning air supply and the piston wind is the typical characteristic of the airflow organization in subway station.Through the field measurement in the closed environmental control system,the velocity and temperature of the coupling airflow at different measurement points below the typical jet vary with time and the train condition on the platform and station hall.The research indicates that the fluctuation range of the velocity and temperature,and average temperature on the platform are larger than those on the station hall with the maximum velocity fluctuation range of 129%.The trend of the coupling airflow velocity is close to that of the piston wind,and the coupling temperature lies between the temperatures of the piston wind and the solo air-conditioning air supply.The comfort indexes RWI and HDR in transition region are adopted.The comfort level under the air-condition airflow alone is better than that of the coupling airflow.The comfort level in the station hall is better than that on the platform.The results can provide reference to the comfort and energy-saving design and operation of subway environmental control.


We perform simulations of Turing patterns confined to a monolayer by a gradient of parameters in a three-dimensional system. The results provide a more comprehensive basis for the interpretation of the actual experimental results than the usual, but disputable, interpretation in terms of ideal two-dimensional systems. Systematic comparison of the bifurcation behavior in genuine two-dimensional systems and in such monolayers is achieved with a theoretical model. We show that in the monolayers, hexagonal phases are restabilized as a result of the longitudinal instability.


This study explores the social mechanisms involved in online community trust. Drawing on interviews with members from two Norwegian Internet drug forums, the article illustrates how forum members evaluate the trustworthiness of online user-generated drug content, referred to as 'broscience'. First, the shared narratives and boundaries within the forums generated a sense of collective identity, where members defined their online surroundings in terms of community trust and collaboration. Second, the subcultural argot within the forums helped members express a level of subcultural competence and authenticity, in which they were able to assess their credibility and initial trustworthiness. Third, the reputation linked to online identities created expectations and predictability as a basis for evaluating members' trustworthiness. These findings touch upon the ambivalence of trust in an online setting and highlight the communal process that caused their ambivalence to be suspended, thereby enabling online community trust.


Twenty cases of rhinophyma were treated, 17 by electrodesiccation and three by cryosurgery, all with good cosmetic and functional results.


One of the most important challenges of developing multi-terminal (MT) high voltage direct current (HVDC) grids is the system performance under fault conditions. It must be highlighted that the operating time of the protection system needs to be shorter than a few milliseconds. Due to this restrictive requirement of speed, local measurement based algorithms are mostly used as primary protection since they present an appropriate operation speed. This paper focuses on the analysis of local measurement based algorithms, specifically overcurrent, undervoltage, rate-of-change-of-current, and rate-of-change-of-voltage algorithms. A review of these fault detection algorithms is presented. Furthermore, these algorithms are applied to a multi-terminal grid, where the influence of fault location and fault resistance is assessed. Then, their performances are compared in terms of detection speed and maximum current interrupted by the HVDC circuit breakers. This analysis aims to enhance the protection systems by facilitating the selection of the most suitable algorithm for primary or backup protection systems. In addition, two new fault type identification algorithms based on the rate-of-change-of-voltage and rate-of-change-of-current are proposed and analyzed. The paper finally includes a comparison between the previously reviewed local measurement based algorithms found in the literature and the simulation results of the present work.


Part 1. From the absorption spectra of untreated and extracted, unexposed and ultraviolet-radiated wood powders of 11 different wood species it could be recognized that under the influence of light the extract-free wood reacts uniformly; its extractives, however, react very differently. In general the extract-free wood substance becomes yellow under ultra-viulet radiation. Although the optimum of the radiation effect does not coincide with the maximum absorption of lignin, the lignin is responsible for the yellow shading. This is confirmed by chromatographic tests. It is concluded that in the wood the lignin, which is strongly ultraviolet-absorbing, has a screening effect. Part 2. The ultraviolet radiation of more than 75 commercial timbers and the culorimetric determination of the discolouration phenomena gave various results. Based on the kind of colour difference determined the woods tested can be grouped as follows: 27% required no protection from ultraviolet radiation; 35% could theoretically be protected; 28% could not be effectively protectcd with ultraviolet absorbers; the possible protection of the remaining 10% is uncertain. -- AATA


The velocity of flow may obviously affect the chemical and electrochemical conditions within a corrosion fatigue crack. A tow-dimensional model was developed according to the continuity equation and conservation of fluid flow. The velocity of flow within the crack with a single edge-notch geometry was obtained by solving the partial differential equations with analytic method. The flow state within the corrosion fatigue crack and the influence of other parameters on the flow velocity for compact tension specimen were discussed according to the model.


[%metadata%] UNDIPLOMATIC BEHAVIOUR OF THE HOLY SEE News and views of Molested and Abused Catholics on the Royal Commission into child sexual abuse


As many children and youth with Asperger Syndrome (AS) are placed in general education settings, assessing their academic skills has become a necessary component in providing educational services. Despite the increasing prevalence of this disability, no systematic academic assessment methods have been found that provide a comprehensive understanding of the academic strengths and concerns of individuals with AS. This article introduces some approaches that educational practitioners can use, while emphasizing the need for a comprehensive assessment system involving both formal and informal assessment methods as a part of educational interventions.


As a form of education and science diplomacy of high quality, international scientific publications contribute to a nation's sense of self-worth. Publications in reputable national and international scientific journals are extremely essential outcomes of scientific research. Universities with a large number of scientific publications are highly competitive within their respective nations. The long-term objective of this study is to generate studies on a robust research culture in tertiary institutions that can address the quantity and quality of scientific publications by lecturers in Indonesia. The specific objective of this study is to analyze a robust research culture in order to enhance the scientific publication performance of lecturers in Indonesian higher education. Therefore, this research must be conducted immediately in order to generate studies and solutions for enhancing the quality of scientific publications produced by Indonesian institutions of higher education. This study's methodology combines both quantitative and qualitative research techniques. According to the findings of this study, a robust research culture has a positive effect on the quality of scientific publications in higher education


Nanotechnology has proved a boon as it brings a revolutionary change in the world with the tremendous advancements in the field of science such as engineering, biotechnology, analytical chemistry, and agriculture. The synthesis of the metal nanoparticle is a developing area of exploration in present-day material science and innovation. Among the techniques involved in the synthesis of metallic nanoparticles, the biological methods or the green synthesis are reliable due to its cost-effective, environment friendly, and use of non-harmful materials in the processing. Therefore, the current work is focused on the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles with the leaf extract of holy plant Aegle marmelos by utilizing 1mM silver nitrate solution. From the bio-reduction reaction mixture, the synthesis of silver nanoparticles was studied by UV-Visible spectrophotometer at the range of 200 nm to 800nm and discovered maximum absorbance at 460nm. Further, the SNPs were analyzed for the protein or other organic groups by Fourier Transformed Infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR). The dried silver nanoparticles were further characterized by utilizing a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to observe the actual size, shape, and distribution of particles. This result showed the actual size of the bioengineered silver nanoparticles ranges from 25-30nm. The EDX result showed a peak of Ag that confirmed its presence in the suspension. The main objective of this study is to develop a fast, environmentally friendly, and advantageous technique for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. By standardizing the biosynthesis techniques, silver nanoparticles can be synthesized in bulk with a safe environment and it may be utilized for different clinical applications including control of pathogenic microorganisms and so on.