Compound percussive drilling technology is a new method to improve the rock‐breaking efficiency in deep hard formation. In order to study the rock‐breaking mechanism of compound impact drilling, the thermal‐structure coupling simulation of the dynamic rock‐breaking process with a single PDC cutter was investigated by using ABAQUS software. The influence of impact parameters on the rock‐breaking performance and cutting temperature was analyzed. The results proved that the compound impact load changes the rock failure mode and improves the rock‐breaking efficiency. Compared with steady load cutting, the rock broken volume under compound impact increased by 7.5%, and the mechanical specific energy (MSE) decreased by 12.3%. As the axial impact load amplitude increases, the MSE increases gradually. With an increase in torsional impact load amplitude and impact frequency, the MSE decreases first and then increases, and the optimal torsional static load ratio is 0.3, and the optimal impact frequency is 30 Hz. In addition, the cutting temperature of the compound percussive drilling is higher than that of the steady load cutting, and it increases with the impact load amplitude and decreases with the frequency. For the three impact load waveforms—sine, triangle, and square in this paper, the rock‐breaking efficiency under the condition of sine waveform is the largest when the dynamic amplitude of the pulse force is fixed, and the cutting temperature under the condition of square waveform is the highest. Finally, based on the analysis of the rock‐breaking mechanism, a novel compound percussive drilling tool was designed and tested in the field.


Nasal congestion in adults and children remains a major challenge in otorhinolaryngology. Nasal breathing difficulty is one of the most common complaints of patients visiting otorhinolaryngologists. The main causes of nasal congestion are acute upper respiratory tract viral infections, manifested, for example, by acute rhinitis. [1]


The oil cabinet structure often occur structural fatigue fracture,shear failure because of the unreasonable design of the oil cabinet structure,this will lead to great challenge to the security of a ship during sailing. In order to improve the fatigue resistance of oil cabinet structure,this paper established the finite element model of the oil cabinet structure based on HYPERMESH software. By performing the modal analysis of the oil cabinet structure,appropriate objective function for topography optimization are then obtained. We regarded the node displacement as design variables,the first and second natural frequencies as the objective function of the topography optimization,and the frequencies are then maximized during the optimization to improve the structural rigidity. The optimization results show: Oil cabinet first natural frequency is increased by 102%. 2nd order natural frequency increased by 99%. The draw bead from the optimization result similar to "o"type,this is suitable for processing in the stamping process. The layout of the draw bead can effectively improve the structural rigidity of the oil cabinet structure and reducing the probability of fatigue failure.


Faculty Name DIT School of Computing MSc in Computing (Advanced Software Development) Eliciting Knowledge Bases with Defeasible Reasoning: A Comparative Analysis with Machine Learning by Peter KEOGH This thesis compares the ability of an implementation of Defeasible Reasoning (via Argumentation Theory) to model a construct (mental workload) with Machine Learning. In order to perform this comparison a defeasible reasoning system was designed and implemented in software. This software was used to elicit a knowledge base from an expert in an experiment which was then compared with machine learning. The central findings of this thesis were that the knowledge based approach was better at predicting an objective performance measure, time, than machine learning. However, machine learning was better equiped to identify another object measure task membership. The knowledge base of the expert had a high concurrent validity with objective performance measures and a high convergent validity with existing measures of mental workload.


This study was undertaken within the Branch Banking business unit of YY Bank, a major player in the South African financial services industry. Following the need to drive superior overall performance within branch banking, while creating an aspiration element for top managers who are career orientated, selected branches were grouped into the Associate model. The Associate model can be described as the formalisation of an "owner-manager" model that empowers the Associate Manager through a defined mandate with broader or higher discretion relating to aspects of its operations. During the recruitment and selection process, it became evident that while candidates maintained a sound operational perspective of the business, their strategic thinking ability was in some instances, somewhat and in others, seriously lacking. The research objective of this study was to determine the relationship between strategic thinking and overall peak performance among Associate Managers. The Stratified Systems Theory (SST), composed by Elliott Jacques (1989) formed the basis and guiding principle of this study. The study constituted a dependant variable – the potential capability score (CPP) and four independent performance measurement variables. A literature study was pursued to establish the relevance of strategy and the contribution of strategic thinking towards overall performance. The view of Thompson Jr, Strickland & Gamble (2010: 17) holds that a strategy-focused business is more likely to be a strong bottom-line performer than a company whose management team does not take strategy-making responsibilities seriously. A further notion about strategic thinking is that it implies thinking "outside the box" and it precedes strategy formulation. Another citation by Allio (2006: 4), points out that the prime objective of strategic thinking is to place the organisation in a competitive position.


This paper investigates how mobilisation of instructional resourced influenced internal efficiency of public technical training institutions in Bungoma County, Kenya. The study was conducted to ascertain how instructional resource mobilisation has affected internal efficiency of public technical training institutions in Bungoma County, Kenya. The study was conducted in 4 technical training institutes. A total of 4 TTI officers, 16 resource mobilisation managers and 150 tutors formed the sample size for the study. They were selected through purposive and stratified random sampling technique. Data was collected through questionnaires and interview schedule. The data collected was analysed through descriptive and inferential statistics. The research established that moderate internal efficiency levels of public TTIs was due to lack of adequate transformative resource mobilisation mechanisms in place aimed at addressing instructional resource requirements. Nevertheless, the study discovered that instructional resource transformation increased internal efficiency of public technical training institutions in Bungoma County. The paper recommends that: there is need for the public TTI management to consider expanding the capacity of school libraries through stocking and conducting book donation drives.


The generation of new three-dimensional (3D) matrices that enable integration of biomolecular components and whole cells into device architectures, without adversely altering their morphology or activity, continues to be an expanding and c hallenging field of research. This research is driven by the promise that encapsul ated biomolecules and cells can significantly impact areas as diverse as biocata lysis, controlled delivery of therapeutics, environmental and industrial process monitoring, early wa rning of warfare agents, bioelectronics, photonics, smart prosthetics, advanced physiologica l sensors, portable medical diagnostic devices, and tissue/organ replacement. This work focuses on the development of a fundamental understanding of the biochemical and nanomaterial mechanisms that govern the cell direc te assembly and integration process. It was shown that this integration process re lie on the ability of cells to actively develop a pH gradient in response to evaporation induced osmoti c stress, which catalyzes silica condensation within a thin 3D volume surrounding t he cells,


Corrections of the data given in the calalogue of types of the family Buprestidae deposited in the National Forest Insect Collection, Dehradun, India. Erroneously recorded nomina nuda, wrong status of type specimens, type depositions, authorships.


A method for determining the block size of a transform coder in which the digital audio signals having spectral and temporal structure are decomposed into plural spectral frames. The method involves defining the audio signal into time intervals according to the temporal masking properties of a human auditory system; obtaining a peak value in each of these time intervals; calculating differences among the peak values; and selecting a block size based on a comparison of the differences against a predefined value.


Gram positive bacteria are becoming important as etiological agents of sepsis, with some of the main representatives of Staphylococcus aureus, strains of S. aureus methicillin resistant (MRSA) and the Streptococcus pyogenes or also Streptococcus group A invasive (GAS). Since in their cellular structure they present several molecules that can be recognized as molecular pathogen associated pathogens (PAMPs) such as peptidoglycan (PNG), teicoico acid (LTA), lipoproteins; and others that directly activate the adaptive immune system such as Superantigens; infected patients can be exposed simultaneously to a synergistically amplifi ed immune response among all these types of antigens, which through intracellular signaling pathways will trigger the transcription of genes encoding pro-infl ammatory cytokines such as TNFα, IL-1β, IL-8, IL-12, IL-12, IL-10, IL-10, which will lead to many of the clinical manifestations of sepsis and are associated as predictors of prognosis of this with other molecular markers of the same


Objectives - statistical estimation of the physiological limits of the quantitative distribution of ethanol in cadaveric blood and bladder urine and development of an automated method for diagnosing postmortem artifacts of forensic medical examination of acute alcohol intoxication on the corpse. Material and methods. We performed a retrospective statistical analysis of the results of toxicological determination of ethanol concentration in a blood and in the urine in 2376 deaths from acute alcohol intoxication. Results. Regression equations have been developed that allow us to determine the physiological limits of the quantitative distribution of ethanol in blood and urine with any confidence probability for any degree of alcohol intoxication and phase of acute alcohol intoxication. The set of computational procedures is implemented in the format of the computer program "Alcohol calculator Z 3.0". Conclusion. If the concentrations of ethanol in the blood or in the urine are beyond their physiological limits, the results of toxicological analysis should be considered as a postmortem artifact.


The vertical propagation of mountain waves into the stratosphere is investigated, with reference to the Scorer parameter profile in the troposphere, and the change in Brunt‐Väisälä frequency at the tropopause. VHF radar provides data on the vertical and horizontal wind velocities, and echo power, while radiosondes supply temperature profiles. In studies of four large‐amplitude mountain‐wave events, where the wave phase remains nearly constant throughout the troposphere, partial reflection at a sharp tropopause offers a better explanation than wave trapping below a minimum in the Scorer parameter.


Angiotensinogen (AGT) constitutes a pivotal component of the renin-angiotensin system which controls the systemic blood pressure and several other cardiovascular functions. In order to evaluate the role of the AGT gene polymorphism in atherosclerosis (CAD) and its risk factors, we first sequenced the gene in 200 individuals in search of informative SNPs. Of the >100 SNPs identified, we proceeded to evaluate the association of 8 variants in 3232 CAD cases versus 2292 angiographed controls by the Applied Biosystems real-time PCR system. Of the studied variants, the recessive mode of inheritance (TT) of rs3789679C>T [Odds ratio(95% Confidence Interval) = 1.23(1.05-1.45); p=0.012]; TT of rs699C>T [1.21(1.11-1.32); p G [1.22(1.10-1.37; p G [1.23(1.07-140);p=0.003] conferred risk for CAD. Interestingly, rs699 (p 2 =9.83; p=0.0017) and several of its variants, including the 7-mer ACGGATA (χ 2 =9.40; p=0.0022), 6-mer GGATAT (χ 2 =11.54; p=0.0007) and 5-mer GATAT (χ 2 =10.89; p=0.001) conferred significant risk for CAD. Furthermore, three 8-mer haploptypes GTGGGTGG (χ 2 =6.96; p=0.0083), ACGGGTAT (χ 2 =4.70; p=0.030) and GTAGGCGG (χ 2 =5.69; p=0.017) were associated with HTN. Similar trends were also observed for T2DM, obesity and hyperlipidaemia. These observations show that the AGT gene polymorphism confers a common risk for atherosclerosis and its major susceptibility traits.


This study aims to evaluate the implementation of the independent internship program organized by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology within the Sociology Study Program, Faculty of Social Sciences, State University of Jakarta using the CIPP evaluation model. The CIPP evaluation model focuses on 4 aspects, namely Context, Input, Process, Product. The type of approach used is a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and literature studies. The results of this study show that based on: (1) Context evaluation is still not optimal, because the involvement of Sociology students only ranges from 15% of batches 1-4 and in batch 4, especially the class of 2020, there are only 4 students who pass the Independent Internship program. Then the vision, mission, and objectives of the Sociology study program are considered to be in accordance with the objectives of the implementation of the Independent Internship program. (2) Input evaluation has been going well, due to the availability of human resources, facilities, and budget funds that are well met. Preparation for the implementation of the Independent Internship has also been well prepared by the Sociology study program and the company, and has had good quality human resources and are competent in their fields. (3) The evaluation process has run well, because it is supported by the study program and participants also have a high level of satisfaction with the Independent Internship program, both from experience, mentors,  nor work. Then the effectiveness of excellent mentor assistance makes participants have no significant obstacles in the registration process until the internship program ends. (4) Product evaluation has also been carried out well, because this Independent Internship program can significantly improve the abilities and skills of participants. In addition, participants gain direct work experience and are actively involved in the company, so that participants get professional relationships and clear career paths.


August (2012) was the last, posthumous edition of the literary work of Christa Wolf. In the context of this prosaic text, in which, as Christa Wolf wrote in the letter form-dedicated to her husband, there were many recollections; there was an attempt to analyze the prosaic memory of Christa Wolf (Nachdenken uber Christa T., Kindheitsmuster, August). By defining the poetry of reminiscence of Wolf's works, the author of the article has focused on Wolf's essay – Lesen und Schreiben – it was a central piece in Christa Wolf's work.


This article highlights the importance of clinical audits within ultrasound and provides an overview of how audits can guide high‐quality clinical care and lead advanced practice within Ultrasound. We outline the who, what when and where of audit and how it can be used in contemporary medicine. Utilising the frameworks within the United Kingdom from the British Medical Ultrasound Society and others as well as drawing from personal experience the authors demonstrate practical examples of audits that have improved the quality of care within the United Kingdom and lead the way for Advanced Practitioner roles where individuals undertake interventional procedures such as Fine Needle Aspirations. The aim of this articles is to demonstrate how Sonographers can take their audits forward and implement the clinical environment.


Sunscreen products that do not require the use of organic, ultraviolet-absorbing agents are provided. Effective protection of the skin from ultraviolet light is attained by increasing the amounts of titanium dioxide and zinc oxide. To mask the excessive whiteness that would otherwise result from the oxides, the sunscreen products contain multilayer-type encapsulations containing pigments. Before use, the pigments are enveloped in capsules that muffle the pigments' color. When the sunscreen product is applied to the skin, the capsules break and the pigments are released to counter the excessive whiteness due to titanium dioxide and zinc oxide. Sunscreen product precursors, from which these sunscreen products can be generated by stirring, are also provided. A sunscreen product package contains the sunscreen product precursor and a stirring ball. A method of ultraviolet protection is provided by shaking the sunscreen product package and applying the sunscreen product thus generated to the skin.


Different studies in the field of ultra-high energy ray astronomy have been performed by the EAS-TOP extensive air shower array, through a survey of the northern sky (19 < < 69 ) at primary energies E1 30 TeV and E2 100 TeV. The obtained results are discussed in connection with different problems of cosmic ray acceleration, such as -ray bursts, supernova remnants, extremely high energy events.


In contemporary political, cultural and communicational debates, the idea of the public sphere has a notable presence. According to the classical Habermasian perspective, the public sphere is the realm of social life in which public opinion can be shaped by principles such as free access for all citizens, inclusion, reciprocity, reflection, equality and the rational justification of arguments. In this domain, people act as public when they discuss topics of general interest in conditions of equality and without coercion. These conditions guarantee, in normative terms, that the citizens can meet freely to express their opinions and points of view (Habermas, 1989). Nancy Fraser defends the influence of public discussions on decision-making and believes that the formation of public opinion can be a counterweight to discourses in formal deliberative arenas. He adds that sometimes the arguments put forward by civil society actors succeed in influencing the decisions of executive and legislative powers (Fraser, 1993). Reinforcing that idea, Avritzer and Costa (2004) argue that issues, positions and arguments defended by the new social actors must infiltrate the State through institutional mechanisms, and thus democratize and put it under the control of citizens. However, not all real public spheres are democratic, since cultural and material inequalities determine the differentiation between publics and their capacities, especially in spaces characterized by dependency relations and state interference (Chaguaceda, 2011). It has been pointed out that a merely conversational public sphere will not succeed in subverting power relations or guaranteeing the pursuit of the common good. The Habermasian model has also been criticized because it is confined to the analysis of the bourgeois public sphere and ignores that, together with the formation of the dominant bourgeois public, they suggested that the publics were composed of peasants, workers, women and nationalists, who constituted competing public spheres (Fraser, 1993) and complement each other. Therefore, one should not speak of sphere (singular) but of public (plural) spheres that together form the public space.In later texts, Habermas admits the coexistence of various public spheres and the need to observe the dynamics of the communicative processes that occur outside the dominant spaces of discussion. Now the public sphere is defined as a complex network formed by a diversity of forums for public discussion - both in formal institutions and outside of these, articulated through communicative activity, when different publics come together in organized networks to debate topics of common interest, contrasting points of view and assuming or reaffirming positions (Marques, 2008). Whatever position one takes within that debate, the notion of the public sphere reveals its value not only for critical social theory and democratic practice, but also for understanding the limits of democracy within existing capitalism and for the construction of alternative democratic projects (Fraser, 1993), both to the present neoliberal order and to socialist experiences of Soviet court. However, the Habermasian theory did not propose a universal law applicable to any context: it is a normative model to which existing societies approach or not. As has been stated (Chaguaceda, 2011), the concept must be anchored in specific contexts and subjects, given that the analysis of the public sphere in concrete spaces shows its normative limits. Limits appear when one analyses some countries, such as Cuba, that are not governed by the principles of liberal democracy, such as Cuba.


In terms of working contents and nature of the political instructors,there is no distinction between men and women.But inherently,because of their different temperaments,the imperceptible education effects and the ways they affect the university students would be different.Nowadays,female instructors are obviously more than the male ones in many colleges.Considering the current the structure and characteristics of "being more female than male",We should pay full attention to the complementary advantages of sexual characteristics in construction of political instructors and form an integral force to give the students an overall influence.


Coextruded multifilms of varying chemical composition and structure were studied by the dynamic mechanical technique. The films studied were two- and three-ply combinations of a polyimide (Kapton) and fluorinated ethylene–propylene copolymer (FEP) and four other two-ply polyethylene and modified polyethylene composites: low-density polyethylene (LDPE)–ionomer, rubber-modified high-density polyethylene (HDPE)–ionomer; ethylene–vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer–LDPE, and EVA-modified HDPE–LDPE. The mechanical spectra of individual film components were also obtained at 110 Hz between −120° and 120°C (220°C for the Kapton–FEP system). Mechanical relaxations were examined to determine the degree of interaction between adjacent films and correlate them with tensile and ultimate properties of the composite.


Background Maternal health is an important part of basic public health services in China's medical reform. Effective management is an important guarantee of maternal health. Telemedicine has been widely used in maternal health management. Objective This study explores the role of usual healthcare combined with telemedicine in the management of high-risk pregnancy. Methods The study was a retrospective. Data were obtained from Hangzhou Maternity Hospital between October 2012 and September 2016, including 93465 pregnant women who were in usual high-risk pregnancy management (usual group) and 134884 pregnant women who were in telemedicine combined with usual high-risk pregnancy management (telemedicine group). The differences in high-risk scores and pregnancy outcomes between the usual and the telemedicine groups were compared. Results The high-risk factors were analyzed, and the results showed that the first fixed high-risk factor was scar uterus and the first dynamic high-risk factor was hepatitis B. Comparing the data of two groups, the number of prenatal visits increased significantly in the telemedicine group (p value <0.05). Although the critical proportion of high-risk women was 2.13% in the usual group and 5.88% in the telemedicine group, respectively (p value <0.01), maternal mortality decreased in the telemedicine group (p value <0.05). Conclusion The combination of telemedicine and usual healthcare can urge the pregnant women to carry out antenatal visits on time, which is one of the important factors to improve the outcome of high-risk pregnancy.


The essay analyzes the existing problems in P.E. at colleges,and puts forward new ideas to lay a lifelong atheletic foundation in P.E. at colleges.\;


Problems of intergovernmental policy coordination can take many forms and are becoming increasingly important with continuing economic integration. In this paper we focus on the fiscal competition problem where the non-cooperative choice of taxes and transfers among governments typically leads to suboptimal outcome. We look at the effect of two widely used corrective policies: revenue sharing and expenditure sharing (or intergovernmental matching grants). Our main result is that these two corrective policies have opposite effects depending on the form of competition between governments, namely whether governments compete in taxes or expenditures. More precisely, for any form of competition, revenue sharing is desirable exactly when expenditure sharing is not and vice versa. The implication is that the choice of the optimal corrective policy requires a complete understanding of the underlying non-cooperative behaviour among governments. Our second main result is that neither revenue sharing or expenditure sharing can be sustained as a Nash equilibrium among governments, although all governments would benefit from one of these two corrective policies. Central intervention is therefore inevitable unless governments can pre-commit to the optimal corrective policy before setting their fiscal policies.


Summary Fungal diseases present a serious problem in reducing a decorative value of home garden leafy bushes. The aim of three‐year observations, on health condition, of selected leafy bushes in gardens was to determinate the cause of their increasing morbidity. It was found that barberry was infected with powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe berberidis. Phytophthora disease on rhododendron was caused by fungus‐like organism from the genus Phytophthora. Infected japonica rhododendrons showed the symptoms of powdery mildew caused by the fungus Erysiphe azalea. Spirea bushes were infected with bacteria Erwinia spp. especially in the periods with a high humidity. The symptoms of black spots caused by fungus Diplocarpon rosae were recorded on roses. Conditions of bushes were recorded with damage indicators. To high density of plants and draft deficiency in gardens showed to be the most important causes of bad plants' condition. Differences occurred in three years period showed the necessity of chemical protection of Rhododendron japonica and Rosa spp. Observations showed the importance of proper selection of plant's cultivar and species to grow them in good conditions.


An arrangement for using crystal detectors in radio measurements is shown. It is based on the original use of a low resistance shunt across detector and galvanometer and calibration of the arrangement using r.f. currents which can be measured with hot-wire instruments. By increasing the shunt resistance, the necessary much higher sensibility is directly obtained. Performance data are given.


This paper describes further work on the absorption of glucose from the surviving preparation of rat small intestine which we have previously described (Fisher & Parsons, 1949, 1950a). It was tacitly assumed in the earlier work that as the mucosa, the most active tissue of the intestinal wall, was directly in contact with the fluid in the lumen, it would draw its nourishment from this fluid. Consequently, it was supposed that disappearance of glucose from the fluid in the lumen was due to two processes: translocation of glucose into the submucosal space by some of the cells, and utilization of glucose for metabolic purposes by all of the cells. The work to be described suggests that this is not so. The intestine behaves as though glucose were translocated across the mucosa by relatively few cells, and as though the lumenal borders of the remaining mucosal cells were impermeable to glucose. The glucose concentration in the fluid in the submucosal space of the surviving intestine rises sharply during glucose absorption, and most of the glucose supply of the mucosa is presumably derived from this source. The general relation existing between glucose concentration in the lumen and the rate of absorption is described and discussed.


Used the method of water balance, the redistribution of rainfall by mixed forest in Huoditang area of Qinling mountain is studied. The results are as follows: (1) Woods canopy's interception of rainfall, runoff of woods stems and the rainfall under the woods are 126.58, 11.69 and 588.2 mm, which account for 17.43, 11.61 and 80.96 percent of the total rainfall respectively during July to October in experimental area. Most of precipitation falls into forest by the rainfall under woods. (2) Dead leaves and branches under the woods intercept 85.01 mm rainfall, which account for 11.75 percent of the total rainfall. They play important roles in retaining water. (3) Changing amplitude of water storage in woodland is 53.45 mm. Woodland is very important for reducing the crest of runoff, adjusting runoff and shortening dry season. (4) The results of forest eco system water balance are that forest evapotranspiration is 521.01 mm, the runoff is 155.24 mm, and the change of woodland soil water storage is +50.09 mm. They make up 71.73, 21.37 and 6.9 percent of the total rainfall, 726.34 mm of the same period. Forest evaportranspiration is the most part of woods water output.


The human genome encodes 13 aquaporin isoforms with characteristic substrate specificity that are expressed at specific locations throughout the body. Of these isoforms, AQPs 1-4 serve important functions in renal water reabsorption. Consequently, specific AQP inhibitors have been proposed as 'aquaretics', a new class of drugs suitable to induce diuresis without concomitant salt wasting. Furthermore, animal experiments suggested that AQP4 inhibitors could be useful to treat some forms of brain edema. Other proposed applications for AQP inhibitors involve amongst others treatment of diabetes, inflammatory skin diseases and cancer. However, few of these putative applications have been critically evaluated against current forms of therapy. Furthermore, development of AQP inhibitors remains difficult and despite numerous efforts during at least the last 15 years very few AQP inhibitors have been described. Moreover, none of the hitherto described substances have been developed to a level where meaningful verification of proposed AQP drug targets in preclinical or clinical settings was possible. Nonetheless, encouraging progress towards development of such substances has been made during recent years. Novel cell-based assays facilitate high throughput screening of chemical compound libraries for hit discovery. AQP 3D structures have been solved for 10 isoforms, which can support rapidly evolving computational hit discovery methods, as well as hit to lead programs. In this chapter, we will provide a critical review of current evidence supporting relevance of AQPs as drug targets, describe current methods for AQP inhibitor discovery and will try to highlight challenges that remain before successful AQP inhibitor development. (Less)


Many criticisms could be directed at the author for the choppiness of his writing style. It is not careful, as is evidenced by sections of chapters which are outlined, though containing only one point, as on page 128. But no one can detract from the value of this book for the practitioner in ministry. It will be a helpful resource to pastors of small churches and is highly recommended as among the best reading available for them.


Ray Herb's career in the development of electrostatic accelerators spans 65 years. He began in 1933 by pressurizing a Van de Graaff generator, for the first time. Over the next six years, the group at the University of Wisconsin, under his direction, developed the fundamentals of equipotential rings, potential grading, corona triode control, and other basic mechanisms for the practical use of electrostatic accelerators while making fundamental contributions to experimental nuclear physics. This group held the world's record in sustaining potential difference of 4.5 MV. During World War II, he worked on radar at the Radiation Laboratory. After the war, Herb resumed his career with further fundamental contributions including metal/ceramic bonding, ultrahigh vacuum pumping, negative ion source development and metal charge carriers. The company, National Electrostatics, under his direction manufactured the accelerator which still holds the world's record for the highest sustained potential difference of 32±1....


The law academic circles usually think that since Tang dynasty the legal development is the course of combination of etiquette and law,which emphasizes on the consistency of the two but ignores the contradiction and conflict between them.It came up mainly in the late Qing dynasty.The etiquette was highly developed,the ceremony system of the magistrates was institutionalizational and used daily.But the result strengthened the gap between the government and the people and contributed to cause the barriers between officials and people.At the same time,judicial faced many difficulties.At last the judicial forms changed and judicial corruption appeared,becoming worse and worse.Its deep reason not only includes the basic spirit of Qing dynasty ritual contradiction and conflict against laws,including the nature contradiction between etiquette and law。


I died before I was born. Before I had the chance to realize that I existed. Before I had the chance to objectively contemplate myself. Before I had the experience, at age 11, to walk out of the collective mist, into the open field, and realize "I am." No chance to realize that I was no longer part of an undifferentiated state of being, but rather a separate, individual, unique human being. Before I was struck with the existential obligation of "Responsibility." The responsibility to create a life; a life that was unique to me. A life that was created by my choices, and values and authentic to me. A life to be lived to its fullest potential, with meaning, direction, attitude, and authenticity. In this time of the Global COVID-19 Pandemic of 2020, I've been reflecting on loss. This essay explores two very basic, personal losses that have been evoked by the "death salience" that has permeated our current global subconscious. The first loss is "the loss of the freedom to choose to create my own life rather than the imperative to become the redeemer of my parents who survived the Holocaust." It was clear that my one and only destiny was to be created into the person who would redeem my parents and justify their survival, when so many millions did not, through my life's impact on the world. Close your eyes, and imagine a 4 year-old boy, living in an one bedroom apartment on Grand Street in the Lower East Side of Manhattan, with his parents Rose and Moishe. Rose was 14 years old when the Nazis invaded Poland. Moishe was 17. Their families were wiped out in the Holocaust; starving to death in hiding, carted off in cattle cars to Auschwitz and Treblinka. No one survived but the two of them. They found each other in the forests of Poland. Young Partisans, fighters, hidden in the woods, starving, ever vigilant for the Nazi or Ukrainian soldiers that would come upon them and extinguish their lives. They were second cousins. The forest floor was their bed. The stars and sky their blanket. They fell asleep in each other's embrace to stay warm. They needed each other to survive. A basis for love and what would become marriage lasting 65 years. The war ended; abruptly, miraculously. They trekked across the Polish-German border to a refugee camp outside of Munich called Fahrenwald. They married there, sleeping in a bed borrowed from another married couple on their wedding night. Then the voyage in 1949 to America, New York, the Lower East Side, Grand Street. I was born several years later. A son; the first-born son. New life. New hope. They had the courage to live, the courage to love, the courage to hope, they still had the fire and the fight within them. As that 4 year-old boy I could not escape the reality that the Holocaust lived with us in that apartment on Grand Street. It didn't have a room of its own, it lived in every room, on every wall, in every picture and religious article saved from the Holocaustmy father's tallit or prayer shawl, the yellow felt star worn by my grandfather inscribed with the label "Jude." Death lived in every room as well. Death was in the air. I breathed the air of death daily; in the words and stories and the memories recounted of all who died in our families, and the millions more who died in the Shoah. Most poignant were all the young people, my parents age, who died before they had a chance to create and live their lives. All those who died before they were bornunlived lives. For me, at age 4, "Death" was real, very real, constant, and palpable. Death was not an abstraction. From the age of 4 on, I lost the ability to deny death. This is the second personal loss I explore here.


Comparison and contrasts of recent British and Swedish experiences of rail reforms are provided in this paper. Provided is some relevant background that shows that in both countries, on-track competition in the passenger rail market is currently limited. If such competition were permitted on a wider scale, the extent would be influenced by the level of track access charges. A simulation model to assess the impact of on-track competition has been developed and it has been applied to both Britain and Sweden. The paper describes the results of the model in detail. It is also shown that in both countries there is substantial off track competition in the form of tendering and franchising. Some conclusions are drawn about the efficacy of on-track competition.


Objective To compare the results obtained from different hematology analyzers and set up quality control program for complete blood analysis. Method Eight samples of daily whole blood of high, normal and low level values in patients were collected and analysed for six days. NE 1500 was compared with manual analysis of WBC, RBC, HGB and HCT. NE 1500 was used as a reference analyzer to evaluate the other five hematology analyzers with the same four indicators. Fresh blood was used to calibrate all the six analyzers with WBC, RBC, HGB, HCT, MCV and PLT. Results The coefficient of variance ( CV ) of all the indicators but PLT was smaller than 5%. The CV of PLT was about 10%. The relationship between the results of NE 1500 and manual count was close ( r 0 975). COULTER ONYX, CD 1600(1) and NE 1500 demonstrated a good correlation ( r 0 975); CD 1600(2) and NE 1500 had some discrepancies in results. But HGB and HCT were good ( r 0 975), and the other two, WBC and RBC, had significant discrepancies ( r 0 975). F 820 and NE 1500 showed poor agreement in their results, but one indicator showed a good correlation ( r 0 975), the rest were poor ( r 0 975). Conclusion It is important for laboratories to compare the results of all the different hematology analyzers and to carry out quality control for results of hematology analyzers with fresh blood every day, which is also necessary to ensure the accuracy and precision of the results.


In December 2012, the University of Saskatchewan Library's University Archives and Special Collections acquired the complete image collection of Courtney Milne, a professional photographer whose worked encompassed documentary, abstract and fine art photographs. From acquisition to digital curation, the authors identify, outline, and discuss the various points at which key decisions were made in order to make this extensive collection available to the public via an online database. Issues include decisions on administrative control over the workflow, the level of description needed, and the equipment, software, and technical formats required for digitization and display. In particular, the authors discuss how the format of the work influenced issues surrounding reproduction rights, access and use in unanticipated ways.


On the relation between the development of coal-bearing sediments and tectonic mobility in the Carboniferous of the Upper Silesia Coal Basin

The sedimentation of the coal-bearing formation and the tectonic history of the Upper Silesia Coal basin are discussed. The authors stress upon the importance of syn-orogenic sediments for dating the orogenic processes and for the evaluation of their duration.


Endothelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EndMT) was first reported in the embryogenesis. Recent studies show that EndMT also occurs in the disease progression of atherosclerosis, cardiac and pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension, diabetic nephropathy, and cancer. Although transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) is crucial for EndMT, it is not clear which isoform elicits a predominant effect. The current study aims to directly compare the dose‐dependent effects of TGFβ1, TGFβ2, and TGFβ3 on EndMT and characterize the underlying mechanisms. In our results, all three TGFβ isoforms induced EndMT in human microvascular endothelial cells after 72 hr, as evidenced by the increased expression of mesenchymal markers N‐cadherin and α‐smooth muscle actin as well as the decreased expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Interestingly, the effect of TGFβ2 was the most pronounced. At 1 ng/ml, only TGFβ2 treatment resulted in significantly increased phosphorylation (activation) of Smad2/3 and p38‐MAPK and increased expression of mesenchymal transcription factors Snail and FoxC2. Intriguingly, we observed that treatment with 1 ng/ml TGFβ1 and TGFβ3, but not TGFβ2, resulted in an increased expression of TGFβ2, thus indicating that EndMT with TGFβ1 and TGFβ3 treatments was due to the secondary effects through TGFβ2 secretion. Furthermore, silencing TGFβ2 using small interfering RNA blunted the expression of EndMT markers in TGFβ1‐ and TGFβ3‐treated cells. Together, our results indicate that TGFβ2 is the most potent inducer of EndMT and that TGFβ1‐ and TGFβ3‐induced EndMT necessitates a paracrine loop involving TGFβ2.


operating at a pressure of 8 cm of Hg is described. The details of the electronic circuitry for running the chamber automatically are also presented. (auth)


Manipulation tasks involving sequential pick-and-place actions in human environments remains an open problem for robotics. Central to this problem is the inability for robots to perceive in cluttered environments, where objects are physically touching, stacked, or occluded from the view. Such physical interactions currently prevent robots from distinguishing individual objects such that goal-directed reasoning over sequences of pick-and-place actions can be performed. Addressing this problem, we introduce the Axiomatic Particle Filter (APF) as a method for axiomatic state estimation to simultaneously perceive objects in clutter and perform sequential reasoning for manipulation. The APF estimates state as a scene graph, consisting of symbolic spatial relations between objects in the robot's world. Assuming known object geometries, the APF is able to infer a distribution over possible scene graphs of the robot's world and produce the maximally likely state estimate of each object's pose and spatial relationships between objects. We present experimental results using the APF to infer scene graphs from depth images of scenes with objects that are touching, stacked, and occluded.


A metastatic cascade begins with the passage of cells from the primary tumor to the circulating blood or lymph. This particular event seems to be a critical event in the fate of tumor cells. Under new environmental conditions, a tumor cell may die, or survive and have a chance to produce metastases. By contrast, non-transformed cells do not develop ectopic foci; when they reach the circulation system, they soon die. So, it seems that a lack of adhesion would be a factor determining the fate of cells circulating in the blood, a phenomenon already described as anoiksis. Under physological conditions, the signal transduction systems that lead to proliferation and survival require the cooperation of at least two types of stimulation; one from growth factor and the other from adhesion molecules like integrins. When a cell loses adhesion to the extracellular matrix, the pathway from the integrins is switched off and that cell either stops proliferating or dies. Here, we are going to show the different mechanisms of the cell death of transformed and non-transformed cells. From in vitro experiments performed, it seems that tumor cells display a mechanism protecting them from mitochondrial activated cell death.


What is the best response to abortion advocates who have asserted, and may assert even more boldly in the near future, that abortion is a 'religious right'; that outlawing or even restricting abortion in any way is a violation of religious freedom?


Software development is one activity that requires an efficient management of information. In this context, following well-defined information management practices do not only provide advantages for providers and customers; in most of the cases, there is a need to be compliant with different standards that enforce organizations to follow specific rules and practices for the identification and management of documents. In addition, organizations involved in software development activities must manage the complex evolution of documents and other items that, although usually endorsed in textual documents, require a separate, specific management. This happens with software requirements, design elements or the hardware platform on which the software will be executed. All these items, among others, constitute the configuration of the software. This term refers to the set of programs, data, documents and technical infrastructure that permits its development and execution. Efficient management of these elemntes is one of the main challenges for information professionals working in these scenarios, and one of the difficulties is probably due to the need to adapt currently available EDMS (Electronic Document Management Systems) to these situations and to the applicable standards. The author presents the main issues regarding the management of the different information items and documents in software configuration and the customisation completed in an open source document and content management system to manage configuration items in software development projects.


Aberrant driving behaviour is a major concern for road safety. Numerous studies have shown that behaviours such as speeding and drink driving are strongly associated with accident involvement (eg Finch, Kompfner, Lockwood and Maycock, 1994; Parker, Reason, Manstead and Stradling, 1995b; Parker, West, Manstead and Stradling, 1995c; Stradling, 2000; Taylor, Lynam and Baruya, 2000). A large volume of research has therefore been carried out into aberrant driving behaviours to provide a better understanding of why they are carried out and how they can be changed to improve safety.


The numerical method validation using the Reynolds equations and calculations were made for the case of infinite aspect ratio rectangular wing, which is streamed by a transonic unbounded air flow in buffet regime. It is shown, that instead of 2D flow, a periodical flow along the lateral direction is realized. Furthermore, the oscillations in time along the longitudinal direction (buffet) take place. The presence of the side wind tunnel walls deforms this periodical structure and changes the buffet frequency. Calculations of the wing-body combination flow show that the oscillations take place inside the restricted wing area both along longitudinal and lateral directions.


Transposable elements (TE) are a source of deleterious mutations. A first defense that comes into play is based on small RNAs, called piRNAs, which target TEs by sequence complementarity and block their transposition. This defense mechanism is often compared to an adaptive immune system. piRNAs come from discrete loci, the piRNA clusters. Composed of intertwined and inactive TEs, these clusters represent the library of mobile sequences that cells must repress in order to maintain genome integrity. The main goal of this iBio PhD project is to understand the dynamics of activation of these piRNA clusters and subsequent production of piRNAs that control TE expression. RNA chemical modifications (mostly methylation) on the piRNA precursors transcripts will be also investigated in this project. Indeed those RNA modifications are probably involved in the correct funneling of the piRNA precursors transcripts to the piRNA processing factory localized in the cytoplasm. Thus, the PhD project required both biochemistry and chemistry knowledge. In addition, Drosophila genetics and bioinformatics sequences analysis and statistics will be an asset for the future recruited iBio PhD student. Context and objective : Transposable Elements (TE) are mobile DNA sequences present in all genomes. Their insertion into the genome can provoke gene mutation. Thus, specific repressive mechanisms have been set up to protect the genome against uncontrolled TE activity. One of these mechanisms involves particular heterochromatic loci, called piRNA clusters, highly enriched in TE fragments. These loci are expressed in the germline. Their transcripts are exported into the cytoplasm where they are processed into small non-coding RNAs associated with PIWI proteins belonging to the argonaute family of proteins. These RNAs have been called PIWI interacting RNAs or piRNAs. These PIWI/piRNA complexes specifically target active TE transcripts by sequence complementarity to repress transposition via RNA interference mechanisms. To date, about thirty protein factors have been identified as being involved in piRNA biogenesis. However, the mechanisms allowing the recognition of these primary transcripts are still unknown. Our team is interested in the biology of piRNA clusters in the Drosophila germline. We are studying more specifically two germline piRNA clusters. One of them is a locus consisting of 7 tandem repeated transgenes, called BX2, which we have been shown to exist in two different epigenetic states: unable to produce piRNAs (BX2) or activated for the production of transgenic piRNAs (BX2). The other one is cluster 1A, which is one of the 140 piRNA clusters identified in the genome of D. melanogaster. Cluster 1A is localized at the subtelomeric region of the X chromosome. This locus has the unique feature among all piRNA clusters of being present only in some laboratory strains, allowing controlled genetic experiments (Asif-Laidin et al., 2017). The aim of this PhD project is to better understand the genesis and activation of piRNA clusters, using BX2 and cluster 1A as piRNA cluster models. In a previous study, we showed that maternal inheritance of transgenic piRNAs is crucial for the activation and maintenance of a locus into a piRNA-producing BX2 locus (de Vanssay et al., 2012). The first aim of this iBio PhD project will be to set up the tools to understand the determinism of this maternal inheritance. For this part, the student will have to prepare immunoprecipitations from ovaries of BX2 lines using antibodies specific to the three PIWI proteins (Aub, Piwi and Ago3). These PIWI-piRNA complexes will then be microinjected separately or in combination into embryos of the BX2 lineage. Using a functional test developed in the laboratory (de Vanssay et al., 2012), the epigenetic status of this locus will then be tested. This study will provide a better understanding of the mechanistics and determinism of maternal inheritance.


Activated natural killer (NK) cells are effective anti-tumour cells. In order to reach target cells in a tumour mass they need to migrate in the extravascular space. The process of tumour localisation begins when the NK cell is attracted in the blood stream, and utilisation of matrix-degrading enzymes is crucial for passing of the basal membrane (BM) and for locomotion outside the vascular bed. NK cells express several members of the family of matrix-degrading enzymes, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). The aim of this study was to gain more knowledge on the regulation of NK cell migration that affects infiltration of the extracellular matrix (ECM) equivalent Matrigel. In specific; morphologically study NK cell locomotion in a matrix environment; identify the repertoire of MMPs expressed by freshly isolated human NK cells and the human NK cell lines YT and NK-92; explore the role of MMPs in NK cell migration and investigate the effect of IL-2 and chemokine stimulation as well as matrix (Matrigel) contact on NK cells' migratory ability and MMP expression. IL-2-activated mouse A-NK cells cultured in Matrigel revealed two different patterns of matrix disintegration depending on their time in culture, and similar differences were found between two human NK cell lines. Younger (≤ 5 days) mouse A-NK and NK-92 cells gave rise to a general widespread matrix reorganisation, interpreted to be due to direct release of soluble matrix-degrading enzymes. Older (≥ 6 days) mouse ANK and YT cells instead produced large excavations in the Matrigel. These cavities could be explained by a release of proteoglycan-rich material with matrix-dilating properties, combined with associated matrix-degrading proteases. The IL-2-independent NK cell line YT and freshly isolated human NK cells was used to investigate the effects of IL-2 stimulation on NK cell migration and MMP expression and production. IL-2 stimulation of the YT cell line demonstrated opposing effects related to the duration of stimulation. A rapid stimulatory response at about 2-4h on MMP production, and a later negative effect on MMP expression and MMP-9 production was seen after prolonged stimulation (≥ 24h). Both responses correspondingly affected the migratory ability. In freshly isolated NK cells, migration increased MMP-dependently in response to IL-2 and MT6-MMP expression increased. MMP-13, MT3and MT6-MMP, previously not described in NK cells, was found to be expressed by freshly isolated human NK cells. While matrix (Matrigel) contact did not affect MMP expression in either the NK-92 or YT cell line, the chemokine CX3CL1 was found to increase NK-92 cells' MMP-9 production significantly, but had no effect on their migration. These findings increase our understanding of how NK cell migration is regulated and provide one further step in the development of strategies to achieve greater number of tumour infiltrating NK cells.


Objective: Growth hormone (GH) has been shown to stimulate lipolysis and enhance lipid oxidation. We investigated whether GH could improve mitochondrial oxidative capacity. Method: Fourteen male Wistar rats received 14-day treatment with biosynthetic human GH (10 IU/kg/24 h) or placebo. Mitochondria were isolated from the total muscle of one hind limb of the rat. Mitochondrial oxygen consumption was measured in vitro using a Clark-type electrode with three substrates: palmitoyl-L-carnitine, pyruvate and succinate (+ rotenone). Results: Muscle mitochondrial yield was not significantly different in the GH-treated group from that in controls. Neither the basal nor ADP-stimulated respiratory state reached a significant difference between the 2 groups with palmitoyl-L-carnitine, pyruvate, and succinate. Conclusion: GH treatment did not improve the oxidative capacity of skeletal muscle mitochondria.


The aim is to analysis and study the phytochemical constituents present in Ocimumbasilicum leave. Preliminary Phytochemical analysis of aqueous methanol extract of Ocimum basilicum leaves revealed the presence of bioactive constituents such as alkaloids, anthraquinones, coumarins, flavonoids, saponins, phlobatannins, tannins and terpenoids. These constituents were separated away on the basis of polarity of different solvents in to different fractions. These may be used in nutraceuticals and the food industry. However, additional studies are necessary to develop a method for the fractionation and identification of polyphenols and to determine the most active antioxidant compounds in the polyphenolic extract.


An overview of the work done at the Ballina soft soil Field Testing Facility (NFTF), established near the town of Ballina (New South Wales, Australia) by the ARC Centre of Excellence for Geotechnical Science and Engineering (CGSE), is presented in this paper. The testing facility is aimed at carrying out fundamental research for providing solutions to problems associated with energy and transport infrastructure in Australia. Development of the field testing facility was driven by challenges with soft soil engineering at the nearby Ballina Bypass motorway project. The state road authority, the contractor and the designers helped to create the concept which was fleshed out and delivered by the CGSE. The main outcomes of comprehensive in situ and laboratory characterization studies are presented and discussed. Results of experimental studies carried out by the CGSE to assess sampling disturbance in the soft soil deposits encountered at the Ballina site are also presented. Last but not least, the paper discusses the main findings and lessons learnt from an international symposium organized by the CGSE in 2016 to assess current practice for predicting the behaviour of embankments constructed on soft soils.


Abstract The involuntary migratory flows from Africa to Europe have raised new theoretical and methodological challenges for psychologists who find themselves managing the critical situations of migrants at the borders. Among other factors, the psychological distress experienced by some of them appears to be strongly conditioned by religious beliefs which, in turn, makes it difficult to diagnose and treat them properly according to the tradition of Euro-American psychology. Indeed, the risk is to apply western medical and psychiatric categories to the mental health issues of migrants, missing the meaning that the expressed distress could be acquired within a different cultural framework. The present contribution describes a clinical case developed in a migrant camp in Italy, initially framed as "hallucinatory psychosis". After the deconstruction of this diagnostic label, a few therapeutic practices will be outlined. These are derived from the Dialogical Self Theory and from the social constructionist concept of Multi-Being, which are considered particularly suitable for understanding psychological distress in a multicultural setting and for planning interventions in troubled situations of involuntary migration.


In this work, an electrochemical aptasensor for the sensitive detection of platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB) is fabricated based on leaf-like VS2 nanosheets which are prepared by a facile hydrothermal method. The scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images demonstrate that the as-prepared VS2 is constructed with many irregular sheets in a leaf-like structure with a thickness of several nanometers. The electrochemical aptasensor is constructed by depositing Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) on the VS2 nanosheet modified glassy carbon electrode and then immobilizing the aptamer. Using the AuNP/VS2 composite as the sensing platform greatly enhances the effective surface area of the electrode and thus amplifying the detection response. The proposed aptasensor can sensitively detect PDGF-BB with a low detection limit of 0.4 pM and over a wide target concentration range of 0.001 nM to 1.0 nM. The aptasensor has been successfully applied in the determination of PDGF-BB in human urine samples and the results compared well with those by the reference ELISA method, indicating its promise in biochemical analysis.


In this report, we constructed for trial an evaluation setup of photoacoustic contrast agent with a low power pulsed laser diode. Through a series of experiments using this setup, the effects of the pulse duration on the photoacoustic signal waveform and level are investigated. Besides, a simulation model is proposed to explain the observed characteristics, and the results match well with the experimental data with 14.6% mean absolute error.


The invention discloses an additive type phosphorus phenanthrene oxa-flame retardant and a preparation method thereof. The chemical name of the additive type phosphorus phenanthrene oxa-flame retardant is poly-(10-taconic acid gylcol ester-9, 10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide). The preparation method comprises the following steps of: firstly carrying out a reaction on DOPO, itaconic acid and ethylene glycol to generate a monomer midbody 10-taconic acid gylcol ester-9, 10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide; and polymerizing the reacting midbody at high temperature under the function of catalyst to obtain a target product. The additive type phosphorus phenanthrene oxa-flame retardant provided by the invention is applicable to various high molecular materials with higher processing temperature such as linear polyester, fiber, polyamide, polyurethane and the like; and the preparation method is free from halogen, environment-friendly, simple in operation process, easy to control, high in yield, good in product repeatability, and less in impurity, wherein the product yield can be 98.5%-99.9%, and the production cost can be reduced.


The measurements of many spectrums of solar protons at northern latitudes have shown that the cutoffs are commonly much lower than those calculated for the earth's magnetic field as deduced from surface measurements, together with any reasonable ring current. We show that most of the observations can be reasonably accounted for with a magnetic field which, in addition to the contributions mentioned, has a turbulent component everywhere beyond a certain distance from the center of the earth. The model is essentially that explored by Parker and by Rothwell. The fact that the solar wind distorts the field at great distances must, as Akasofu et al. suggested, produce a modification, the nature of which we flare is probably the one that began at 1257 UT on this date.


The objective of this project is to identify modal properties such as the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of structures. The formal means for accomplishing this task, Structural Identification, is viewed as a two step procedure: (1) identify the eigensolution; and (2) using the identified eigensolution, identify the mass and stiffness. The eigensolution is identified as a correction on a postulated model based on erroneous parameters.


The limit velocity of baseband signal that logging cable can transmit is 200 kBit/s, so, it is very difficult to increase velocity of data transmission, then, high efficient modulation and demodulation technology should be adopted. Introduced are the design scheme and realization of Modem in high speed cable telemetry system. Based on analyzing the theory of OFDM(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing)and characteristic of cable transmission, the Modem of high speed cable telemetry system has been designed. It is the first time that the OFDM is used in logging tools,which meets the requirement of design of logging tools.


In the "logion of ignorance," handed on in Mk 13,32, Jesus affirms that the Father alone knows "the day or the hour" of the coming of the Son of Man in glory. This article analyses this statement, specifically the expression in order to show that - in itself and in the context of the Markan eschatological discourse (13, 1-37) - this knowledge on the part of the Father of the last "day or hour" is not a passive knowledge, unrelated to the becoming of creation and of history, as it might at first sight appear to be, but a creatively and actively deployed knowledge of the whole of created reality, with the purpose of leading everything to the fullness that He desires, and which will come about definitively at the moment that, on the basis of this knowledge, He shall determine (Mk 13, 24-27).


Nephrotoxicity of calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) is associated with adverse events in patients undergoing heart transplant (HTx), although studies directly comparing tacrolimus (TAC) versus cyclosporin A (CsA), especially in combination with everolimus and low‐dose CNIs approach, are limited. Thus, we sought to investigate the associations of TAC and CsA with clinical outcomes in HTx recipients, with specific focus on renal function.


Land is a key factor for urban planning and is a basic input for any housing and construction policy in public spaces. This requires the utmost rigor in the scientific perception, instruments and methods that are appropriate for determining the price of urban land. Before presenting and discussing these aspects, this article examines the arguments of classical and neoclassical economic theory that explain the principles of studying valuations as part of a theoretical conception of economical sciences. This review stresses poorly understood notions, such as this: the price of land is not established in the production process and it is not produced like any other commodity, since its existence comes from processes of higher productivity and resource ownership that makes a difference in productivity in a market where the worst production conditions regulate prices; in short, it is the market and not land ownership what defines land prices, consistent with the valuation of utility in the production process of built environments.


ABSTRACT The correlation of experienced violence and racism or the perceived threat of either on mental illness and overall health has been well documented in health disparities research. Racism, either experienced or perceived, is associated with adverse health outcomes, especially in racial ethnic minorities. The current study explores the impact of national police brutality cases and extrajudicial killings on the social development, mental health, and overall well-being of young African American males. Further, we explain the social epidemic of police killings on the emotional and psychological well-being of African American boys and young men. The needs of Black male youth, relative to police killings, are captured, and persistent racial stereotypes that are often used to justify the extrajudicial killings of unarmed African American boys and young men are challenged. The current research is a pilot study that explores how awareness of national police killings impacts the mental health and social development of young African American boys. The current study has implications for community and public health research on violence and racism and specifically the public health impact of police killings on African American boys and young men. Recommendations for social policies that address national policing reform are discussed.


Background: In surgery intact gloves act as a sterile barrier between surgeon and patient. The impermeable gloves protect the surgeon from bloodborne pathogens such as HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatit...


We report the discovery of low-amplitude gravity-mode oscillations in the massive binary star V380 Cyg, from 180 d of Kepler custom-aperture space photometry and 5 months of highresolution high signal-to-noise ratio spectroscopy. The new data are of unprecedented quality and allowed the improvement of the orbital and fundamental parameters for this binary. The orbital solution was subtracted from the photometric data and led to the detection of periodic intrinsic variability with frequencies, of which some are multiples of the orbital frequency and others are not. Spectral disentangling allowed the detection of line-profile variability in the primary. With our discovery of intrinsic variability interpreted as gravity-mode oscillations, V380 Cyg becomes an important laboratory for future seismic tuning of the near-core physics in massive B-type stars.


Objective To study the efficacy of small shaped knife for the treatment of vestibular peripheral vertigo in acute attack. Methods Sixty-six patients with vestibular peripheral vertigo in acute attack received small shaped knife on the center of upper nape line and bilateral points 2 cun lateral to the center, and on the spinous process and bilateral points 2 cun lateral to the process of the second and sixth cervical vertebra. The vestibular symptom index(VSI) was monitored before treatment, and 5 min, 30 min, 1 h, 6 h and 24 h after treatment. Results The overall effective rate was 93.9% for the patients. The VSI was decreased obviously 5 min after treatment( P 0.01 compared with that before treatment), and remained steady within 24 h. Vertigo,balance disorders, and dizziness were quickly relieved after small shaped knife therapy(P0.01), and vision sensitivity, nausea and vomiting were also improved(P0.05) 5 min after treatment. Headache was not relieved after treatment( P 0.05). Conclusion Small shaped knife therapy shows certain effect on relieving clinical symptoms of acute vestibular peripheral vertigo patients quickly and effectively.


Abstract It is shown, that the K2SeO4 soft branch of the phase II corresponds to the U2 branch of the phase I.


Hospitals and local public health agencies in Western North Carolina have a demonstrated history of creativity and collaboration. Just one example of a successful innovation took place in 1995, when dedicated leaders from local, predominantly rural hospitals voluntarily created WNC Health Network, a nonprofit alliance to improve health and health care across the region [1].


constituency in the government remains overwhelmed by business representation. England, too, points to the dominance of employers in the Legislative and Executive Councils and that, although since 1967 the role of the government has increased, management prerogatives remain untouched by regulation; and there is 'no reason to believe that this situation will change'. Both the England and Turner et al. studies end with the events of 4 June 1989 in Beijing's Tiananmen Square, thus leaving neither much opportunity


The diynol (–)-EtCH(OH)·[CC]2H has been found in Gymnopilus spectabilis, the triynol and triynoic acid Me[CC]3R (R = CH2·OH or CO2H) have been found in Psilocybe merdaria, Kuehneromyces mutabilis, Russula vesca, and Ramaria flava, and the acids H[CC]3·CH2·CH2·CO2H and HO2C·CH[graphic omitted]CH·[CC]2·CH2·CH2·CO2H have been obtained from Serpula lacrymans cultures. The Strophariaceae, Russulaceae, and Gomphaceae families have not been reported previously as polyacetylene producers.


Life cycle sustainability assessment (LCSA) of flare technologies can assist the stakeholders/decision‐makers to choose the most sustainable flare technology in life cycle outlook among multiple options. This article purposes in developing a framework of life cycle sustainability decision‐support for prioritizing the flare technologies by integrating the LCSA concepts and fuzzy multicriteria decision making (MCDM) method. A novel fuzzy MCDM (FMCDM) technique that can handle linguistic variables in the decision‐making matrix was progressed by integrating SWARA–WASPAS approach and fuzzy evaluation (fuzzy SWARA–fuzzy WASPAS). Using fuzzy SWARA is obtained the weights of the metrics for LCSA and then, fuzzy WASPAS is employed to prioritize the alternatives with considering the metrics. Finally, the findings of fuzzy SWARA show the "Production cost," having the topmost weight with value of 0.5094, is the foremost metric that overshadows the choice of suitable and sustainable flare technology. The results obtained from the fuzzy WASPAS suggest that "Steam‐assisted flare," is the highest prioritized and thus, the most significant alternative to employ flare technology in oil, gas, and chemical plants. The results indicate that combining LCSA and MCDM can effectively rank industrial systems and equipment under data uncertainties.


Background/Objective : The objective of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the E-Health (EHR) Project Implementation (LHIMS Software) at the Cape Coast Teaching Hospital and its impact on patients' waiting time and Health Information Management System. Implementing electronic health records system is a challenging one worldwide especially in developing countries considering the needed resources (technology and capacity building) and willingness of workers to change. However, the Ghana Ministry of Health (Ghana – MOH) in recognition of the benefits, made a policy decision to pilot the e-health (EHR) system at the Cape Coast Teaching Hospital (CCTH) in the Central Region of Ghana with the use of the Light Wave Health Information Software (LHIMS). The project was rolled out in January 2018. Method: the study was conducted at the Cape Coast Teaching Hospital (CCTH), Ghana. A cross sectional design approach was used and a semi-structured questionnaire was administered to 307 CCTH staff and 197patients by using purposive sampling method. An observatory data collection approach was also used to monitor 30 of the patients at the outpatients' clinic to measure their waiting time (from entry into the hospital to exit at the pharmacy) under the e-health project. Data was analysed with Microsoft Office Excel 2016 and presented in the form of evaluation logical framework table and charts. Results: Staff response was 90% out of the 307 sampled whilst patients' response was 100%. Overall, the average waiting time for OPD recorded a reduction to 1 hour 36 seconds after the introduction of the E-Health system in 2018 compared to the 2 hours under the Patients-folder system (paper system


T genus Alectoris is currently considered to comprise seven species, distributed over southern Europe, northern Africa and Arabia, and across Asia to Tibet and western China. Recent genetic studies on DNA of these partridges have yielded interesting results, especially concerning the endemic Sicilian Rock Partridge A graeca whitakeri (hereafter whitakeri) from Sicily, Italy (Lucchini & Randi 1998, Randi et al 2003, Randi 2006). In the light of the considerable differences between this taxon and other Rock Partridge taxa regarding DNA, morphology, plumage and voice (Arrigoni degli Oddi 1929, Orlando 1956, 1967, Priolo 1970, 1984, Lucchini & Randi 1998, Randi et al 2003, Corso 2005, Randi 2006), and considering its geographic isolation, it is useful to present an in-depth analysis of its identification characters, variability and taxonomic status. This paper is based on c 25 years of field observations throughout Sicily, during which large numbers of birds have been observed and studied in detail. Furthermore, during 2001-08, 185 birds have been studied in the hand (122 skins in museums and private bird collections, 39 birds shot by hunters and 24 kept in captivity) as well as several birds from photographs. A description of typical whitakeri is given, with details on the main differences with other Rock Partridge taxa and with Chukar Partridge A chukar (hereafter chukar), based on study of 278 specimens from other Alectoris taxa (127 saxatilis, 85 nominate graeca, 41 chukar and 25 orlandoi). The variation in plum-


THIS ARTICLE REPRODUCES A PAPER PRESENTED AT THE ONE-DAY CONFERENCE ON THE MANUFACTURE AND USE OF BLAST-FURNACE SLAG, WHICH WAS HELD AT PONT-A-MOUSSON 8TH JUNE 1973. DETAILS ARE GIVEN OF THE MANUFACTURE OF SYNTHETIC AGGREGATES WITH A VIEW TO ENSURING HIGH SKIDDING RESISTANCE AT HIGH SPEED OVER THREE OR FOUR YEARS ON HIGHLY TRAFFICKED ROADS. BECAUSE OF THE UNSATISFACTORY MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SLAG AGGREGATES (LOS ANGELES COEFFICIENT APPROXIMATELY 5, WET DEVAL COEFFICIENT HIGHER THAN 15, ACCELERATED POLISHING COEFFICIENT IN THE ORDER OF 0,70), A STUDY WAS MADE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF MODIFYING THE NATURE OF THE SLAG. THREE MIXTURES WERE STUDIED: SLAG-FLY ASH, SLAG-FLY ASH-SAND, AND SLAG-SAND. THE BEST RESULT WAS OBTAINED AFTER HEAT TREATMENT OF THE SAND-SLAG MIXTURE. GOOD MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS WERE REACHED IN THE LABORATORY FOR THE LOS ANGELES AND DEVAL COEFFICIENTS; AS REGARDS THE ACCELERATED POLISHING COEFFICIENT, AN IMPROVED SHAPE COEFFICIENT AND THE USE OF ANGULAR AGGREGATES WILL PROBABLY COMPENSATE FOR THE AVERAGE VALUE OBTAINED.


The invention concerns a suit for limiting environment contamination by the user formed to cover the major part of the user's body and having a pair of trouser legs (7) and a main opening (20) capable of being closed enabling the user to slip into the suit (1). The main opening (20) is located in a lower region of the suit (1), and extends over the major part of the height of each of the leggings (7), laterally relative to the user's body, so that the latter can slip into the suit (1) by the lower region.


Repeated spectrographic observations at dispersions of 11 A and 17 A mm-1 were made of 29 Ap stars located between right ascensions 7h and 19h, and north of declination - 40 . Manganese-type Ap stars were excluded from the survey. The Ap classification of seven of the stars was not confirmed, but of the remaining 22, exactly half proved to be spectrum variables, on the basis of visual inspection of the spectrograms. Equivalent-width measurements were made for the spectrum variables in order to provide quantitative indicators of variability. Examination of the Ap stars in Babcock's list of magnetic stars shows that of those sufficiently well observed to determine variability, 47% are spectrum variables, in agreement with the results of the present observations. The data available are insufficient to determine correlations between the type and degree of spectrum variability and the other properties of the Ap stars. Key words: peculiar A stars - spectrum variables


[Objective]To understand the effect of the working time on fatigue condition of station attendants on duty,and provide basis for reasonable shifts and employment of railway transportation.[Methods]The physical fatigue factors changes of 117 station attendants on duty along Jiaozhou-Xinyi railway were investigated before working and after different working hours,the physical and psychological condition during working and the fatigue condition before and after working were evaluated.[Results]It can be seen from the testing indicators of the station attendants on duty before and after work that the items of head sank,headache,general malaise,yawn of the body factor,the items of rhembasmus,sedentariness,reticence of the mental factor,the items of eyes fatigue,eyes dry,not flexible,hypacusia and tinnitus of the nerve factor had significant differences.10 h working had more obvious impact on physical fatigue than 6h and 8h working.The items of choice reaction time,CFF,work capacity and short-term memory,etc in fatigue testing also had a difference before and after work,as well as error and missing deleting words and error rate.Fatigue condition of 10 h working was more serious than that of 6 and 8 h working.[Conclusion]The fatigue mainly causes by the long working time,monotonous work and heavy responsibility.Scientific arrangement of work,health education and intervention are the main means to ensure the physical health of station attendants on duty.


Tadarusan in the Great Mosque of Bandung is held every month of Ramadan, which is from the first Ramadhan to the end of Ramadhan, by completing 30 Juz, so that every day 1 juz. The author is interested in increasing the awareness of the Al-Qur'an regarding the phenomenon of the Koran Al-Qur'an and the purpose of the Al-Quran at the Bandung Grand Mosque, using Edmund Husserl's phenomenologies approach with the first two steps of the epoche and the second eiditich vision. The results of this study indicate that people flocked to tadadrusan different stripes of different backgrounds there are housewives, employees, fathers, youth and children, who have a variety of different reasons there are those who answer because invited, fill in the blanks of time, take care of children, and there are those who want to expect a reward from reading the Qur'an. So the existence of the Al-Qur'an tadarusan is to broadcast or even read Al-Qur'an, so that people know and want to read the Qur'an regardless of the motive of the dilator behind it.


A thicker patella was regarded as one of the causes of patellofemoral complications after total knee replacement. In order to investigate the kinematic effect of thicker patella on Knee function, ten intact embalmed cadaveric knee effect of a thicker patella on knee function, ten intact embalmed cadaveric knee specimens, each with an adjustable patellar thickness were used to measure at different patellar thickness: 1) the patellofemoral contact pressure suing pressure sensitive Fuji prescale film; and 2) patellar movement during knee flexion from full extension position using an imange processing system. As the patellar thickness increased from the original dimension to a 7 mm increment, lateral patellar subluxation was clearly demonstrated by an increase in the patellofemoral contact pressure on the lateral femoral condyle and by lateral displacement of the patella. Increased patellar thickness in a total knee replacement is considered to be one of the causes of lateral subluxation. The importance of monitoring patellar thickness using a patellar cutting jig is stressed.


The study, led by Imperial College London, used the Fortress lateral flow test to detect antibodies in a drop of blood from the finger. Tests were sent to a random sample of the population between 26 January and 8 February 2021 and 154 172 people in England had valid results. The study is published as a preprint and has not yet been peer reviewed. This round of the study included—for the first time—18 000peoplewho had received at least one dose of a coronavirus vaccine.


Carolina Press, 2004, 255 pp. Jane Grey Swisshelm: An Unconventional Life, 1815-1884 21 married a farmer, James Swisshelm. Two years later, the couple moved to Louisville, Kentucky, where she witnessed slavery for the first time. By 1842 the Swisshelms were back in Pittsburgh and by this point, it was apparent that the marriage was fraught with conflict. Swisshelm particularly resented the fact that her husband, a devoted Methconstantly tried to convert odist, her. In 1847, Swisshelm started the Pittsburgh Saturday Visiter with the support of Robert M. Riddle, editor of another local newspaper. Swisshelm had been writing letters on abolition and other subjects for Riddle's paper. When another abolitionist newspaper in Pittsburgh failed, she stepped in to fill the void. The weekly newspaper supported the abolition of slavery, the new Liberty Party, and the emerging women's rights movement. Almost immediately, Swisshelm came under criticism that she was intruding into the male world of political journalism. When she temporarily retired after the birth of her daughter, the Boston Daily Journal commented sarcastically that she "illustrated the inconvenience which would attend the assumption of miscellaneous duties by females" (p. 109). By Sylvia D. Hoffert


The comparison stimulus used in the present experiment was white noise (20–20 000 Hz), with energy at 1000 Hz ± 50 Hz filtered out. The adapting tone was a 70‐dB‐SPL 1000‐Hz tone. Both stimuli were presented simultaneously to the preferred ear. The adapting period was 7 min. Average adaptation was 6.5 dB for 11 Subjects. Adaptation values ranged from 0 to 1.58 dB (Wilcoxon T = l, p≤0.01). A small but significant amount of monaural adaptation is found with this technique, suggesting that auditory adaptation, at the least, is not entirely a phenomenon resulting from binaural interaction. The 6.5‐dB value found is much less than the average 22.3‐dB adaptation measured using a pure‐tone comparison stimulus in another study run at approximately the same time. The report of subjects that there was difficulty in distinguishing the adapting tone from the white noise may account for the smaller amount of adaptation found in the present study.


Detent force of a permanent magnet linear motor(PMLSM) consist of cogging and drag forces, and should be minimized for high precision control purpose applications. This paper shows that the cogging force can be reduced effectively by employing 9 pole 10 slot structure. The drag force is minimized by optimizing the total length and shape of the exterior teeth of armature core simultaneously by using() evolution strategy coupled with response surface method. After optimization, the optimized PMLSM is proven to reduce 95% and 92.6% of the cogging and total detent forces, respectively, and give 12% and 6.4% higher Back-emf and thrust force, respectively, compared with a conventional 12 pole 9 slot structure under the same condition. Additionally, Simulation results by the proposed optimum design are verified by the experiment results.


With the increasing in number and size of databases dedicated to the storage of visual content, the need for effective retrieval systems has become crucial. The proposed method makes a significant contribution to meet this need through a technique in which sets of clusters are fused together to create an unique and more significant set of clusters. The images are represented by some features and then are grouped by these features, that are considered one by one. A probability matrix is then built and explored by the breadth first search algorithm with the aim of select an unique set of clusters. Experimental results, obtained using two different datasets, show the effectiveness of the proposed technique. Furthermore, the proposed approach overcomes the drawback of tuning a set of parameters that fuse the similarity measurement obtained by each feature to get an overall similarity between two images.


Context The severity of Sjögren's syndrome has been evaluated using a wide variety of clinical measures and patient-reported outcomes (PROs). This may contribute to the lack of clarity concerning the burden of Sjögren's from the patient perspective. Objective To perform a comprehensive peer-reviewed literature analysis of the patient aspects of Sjögren's, focusing on PROs, to investigate the complexity underlying the evaluation of the syndrome and to elucidate the discordance between the different measures. Methods We searched Embase for articles published between January 2005 and September 2015. Research articles, clinical and diagnostic reviews, and validation studies with a focus on patient aspects of Sjögren's were selected as the primary information source. Results 157 articles met the eligibility criteria. A wide variety of assessment measures used to evaluate glandular, extraglandular and functional domains were observed. Many different, non-validated Visual Analogue Scales, with a wide range of anchor words, were used in the quantification of Sjögren's disease burden, impeding comparisons between studies. Relatively few clinical trials of drug therapies used validated scales: European League Against Rheumatism Sjögren's Syndrome Patient Reported Index was used most often for symptom assessment and 36 Item Short Form Survey for quality of life (QoL). Conclusion A wide range and diversity of measures are used to evaluate the patient burden of Sjögren's; most are not validated for use in this disease. PRO endpoints, validated specifically in Sjögren's, that demonstrate improvement are needed. These measures should focus on QoL aspects important to patients and will most likely involve gauging change in function rather than patient-reported symptoms.


The vehicle heating /ventilation flap is regulated by a transmission system comprising an enclosure (1) filled with an incompressible hydraulic oil (2). The enclosure wall is formed by primary (4) and secondary (6) bellows. Each bellows is closed at one axial end (7,8) and communicates through the other end with the rest of the enclosure (5). Axial displacement (d1) of the first end of the primary bellows corresponds to an axial displacement (d2 = a x d1) of the first end of the secondary bellows. An input part (9) mechanically connected to the flap drive impresses the axial displacement of the primary bellows. An output part (10) mechanically connected to a movable part is displaced by the first end of the secondary bellows during its displacement.


A life cycle analysis approach is employed to determine the combined potential global warming impacts of carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide emissions arising from the production, supply and use of coal, oil and natural gas in the United Kingdom. The study pays particular attention to recurring claims that the methane emissions associated with gas industry activities are removing the inherent low carbon advantage of natural gas. The results illustrate that natural gas maintains a clear lead as the least impacting fossil fuel and further demonstrates that the higher utilisation efficiency that natural gas maintains over coal and oil systems in many industrial, commercial and domestic applications, increases those advantages still further


The content of Cu and Mo in a copper-molybdenum ore in Henan province was low and part of its valua- ble minerals are finely disseminated and closely coexisting with other minerals. Meanwhile,it also contains some graphite which has good floatability.Appropriate reagent system and mineral processing test are carried out according to the ore characteristics.The flowsheet of Cu-Mo bulk flotation-Cu-Mo separation-cleaning after regrinding of molyb- denum coarse concentrate was determined. By closed-circuit test,the copper concentrate containing 20. 79% of Cu and with the recovery of 90.18%and the molybdenum concentrate containing 46.27%of Mo and with the recovery of 68.30%were obtained from the raw ore contain 0.42% of Cu and 0.021% of Mo.Meanwhile,the comprehensive re- covery of silver was realized.The flotation index was satisfactory.


The academic community has discussed using Automated Valuation Models (AVMs) in the context of traditional real estate valuations and their performance for several decades. Most studies focus on finding the best method for estimating property values. One aspect that has not yet to be studied scientifically is the appropriate choice of the spatial training level. The published research on AVMs usually deals with a manually defined region and fails to test the methods used on different spatial levels. Our research aims to investigate the impact of training AVM algorithms at different spatial levels regarding valuation accuracy. We use a dataset with 1.2 million residential properties from Germany and test four methods: Ordinary Least Square, Generalised Additive Models, eXtreme Gradient Boosting and Deep Neural Network. Our results show that the right choice of spatial training level can significantly impact the model performance, and that this impact varies across the different methods.


In a wireless communication system, it provides a method and apparatus for reducing power erroneous control during soft handoff. Before the mobile unit on the reverse link is captured, a uniform power control bit pattern to be sent to the mobile unit at timings of a plurality of power control bits, programming the plurality of base stations (600) (702). Furthermore, a plurality of base stations, synchronize the transmission of the uniform power control bit pattern (704), when a plurality of base stations to transmit the same power control bits in each of the timing of the plurality of power control bits the to send.


SHE folk culture in Ningde,Fujian,has rich contents,thus a major basis of the study of the SHE's history and culture.The existing intellectual property law and the "Non-material Cultural Heritage of the Convention" are unable to meet the requirements of the protection.To solve the problem,we should learn from foreign counterparts,establish the protection principles,adopt reasonable measures,appoint a specialized management body and set up a protection fund.


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
Intestinal bacteria plays an important role in the physiological and immunological status of birds. The present study investigated the diversity of intestinal bacterial of broilers that were fed corn-soy diet and supplements of antibiotics and probiotics.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
The supplemented treatments were water, water with antibiotics, water with probiotic and water with antibiotics and probiotic. Eight randomly sampled broilers were slaughtered and their ileum digesta taken. The total of 32 samples was then subjected for DNA extraction. Subsequently, bacterial tag-encoded 16 FLX ampliconpyro sequencing (bTEFAP) procedures were performed.

RESULTS
Nearly all treatments samples contained Lactobacillus, with the majority related to water with probiotic treatment. In contrast, different pathogenic bacteria along with Lactobacillus observed for other three treatments.

CONCLUSION
The probiotics supplements made a shift towards useful bacterial species; Lactobacillus salivarius and Lactobacillus aviarius. This study promoted for replacing the probiotics as a prophylaxis in gastrointestinal infection and diseases instead of antibiotics.


This paper studies the convergence behaviour of dictionary learning via the Iterative Thresholding and K-residual Means (ITKrM) algorithm. On one hand, it is proved that ITKrM is a contraction under much more relaxed conditions than previously necessary. On the other hand, it is shown that there seem to exist stable fixed points that do not correspond to the generating dictionary, which can be characterised as very coherent. Based on an analysis of the residuals using these bad dictionaries, replacing coherent atoms with carefully designed replacement candidates is proposed. In experiments on synthetic data, this outperforms random or no replacement and always leads to full dictionary recovery. Finally, the question how to learn dictionaries without knowledge of the correct dictionary size and sparsity level is addressed. Decoupling the replacement strategy of coherent or unused atoms into pruning and adding, and slowly carefully increasing the sparsity level, leads to an adaptive version of ITKrM. In several experiments, this adaptive dictionary learning algorithm is shown to recover a generating dictionary from randomly initialized dictionaries of various sizes on synthetic data and to learn meaningful dictionaries on image data.


We explore the connection between the stellar component of galaxies and their host halos during the epoch of reionization (5 ≤ z ≤ 10) using the CROC (Cosmic Reionization on Computers) simulations. We compare simulated galaxies with observations and find that CROC underpredicts the abundance of luminous galaxies when compared to observed UV luminosity functions, and analogously the most massive galaxies when compared to observed stellar mass functions. We can trace the deficit of star formation to high redshifts, where the slope of the star formation rate to stellar mass relation is consistent with observations, but the normalization is systematically low. This results in a star formation rate density and stellar mass density that are systematically offset from observations. However, the less luminous or lower stellar mass objects have luminosities and stellar masses that agree fairly well with observational data. We explore the stellar-to-halo mass ratio (SHMR), a key quantity that is difficult to measure at high redshifts and that models do not consistently predict. In CROC, the SHMR decreases with redshift, a trend opposite to some abundance-matching studies. These discrepancies uncover where future effort should be focused in order to improve the fidelity of modeling cosmic reionization. We also compare the CROC galaxy bias with observational measurements using Lyman-break galaxy samples, finding reasonable consistency.


In this paper we prove that the steepest descent of certain porous-medium type functionals with respect to the quadratic Wasserstein distance over a constrained (but not weakly closed) manifold gives rise to a nonlinear, nonlocal parabolic partial differential equation connected to the study of the asymptotic behavior of solutions for filtration problems. The result by Carlen and Gangbo on constrained optimization for steepest descent of the negative Boltzmann entropy in the Wasserstein space is generalized to porous-medium type functionals. An interesting feature of the resulting Fokker-Planck equation is the nonlocality of its drift term occurring at the same time as its nonlinearity.