Encyonema leibleinii and E. lacustre were among the first species of Encyonema to be described, in 1830 and 1824, respectively. Until now, however, only light microscopic features (and SEM of non-type material for E. lacustre) of these species have been documented. Here, we provide ultrastructural (scanning electron micrograph) characterization of their type material. We find that the SEM , as well as LM, features of E. leibleiniiare indistinguishable from those of E. prostratum and E. paradoxum. Consequently, the results support the synonomization of the three taxa, with E. leibleinii having priority as the first name applied to this entity. Encyonema leibleinii and E. lacustre have similar ultrastructural characteristics, mainly concerning the internal stria structure, and the terminal and central raphe fissures. Based on this information and SEM characterizations in the literature, ultrastructural features of the genus Encyonema are discussed.


Objective:To determinate the contents of three active ingredients in Mongolian medicine of Xiaozhong Jiuwei Powder,including rheinic acid,rheum emodin and chrysophanol.Methods:High Pressure Liquid Chromatography(HPLC) was adopted,using the Dimaonsil-C18(250mm × 4.6mm,5μm) as chromatographic column with 25 ℃,methanol-0.1% phosphoric acid solution(85:15)as mobile phase.The flow rate was 1.0 mL · min-1and detection wavelength was 254 nm.Results:The three ingredients of rheinic acid,rheum emodin and chrysophanol showed good linear relation with their peak areas within the limits of 0.1018 ~ 0.5088 μg(r = 0.9997),0.1170 ~ 0.5850 μg(r = 0.9997) and 0.2560 ~ 1.2800 μg(r = 0.9998),respectively.All their correlation coefficients were greater than 0.9997.The mean recovery of 98.45%(1.32%) for rheinic acid,99.60%(1.09%)for rheum emodin and97.36%(1.17%)for chrysophanol were obtained(n =6),and all the RSD values were less than1.32%.Conclusion:The method established in this study is simple,high accuracy,precision and specific,and thus it can be used to control the quality of preparation perspective from monarch drug in a crude medicinal materials of a prescription.


Sputter deposited Al(1–x)ScxN thin films with a Sc content from x = 0 to 43 at% are investigated by electron microscopy in order to study and explain the formation and growth of abnormally oriented grains (AOG). It is found that the latter did not nucleate at the interface with the substrate, but at high energy grain boundaries, at which systematically higher Sc concentrations are detected. The AOGs are thus formed during the growth of c‐textured grains. They grow faster than those, and finally protrude from the c‐textured film surface, having at their end a pyramidal shape with three facets of a hexagonal wurtzite crystal: one (0001) and two (11 2¯ 0) facets. Process conditions favoring less compact grain boundaries, and lower surface diffusion across grain boundaries are thought to promote nucleation of AOGs. Finally, a 4‐step growth mechanism explaining the nucleation from a Sc‐rich complexion and proliferation of AOGs with increasing film thickness is proposed.


An analytical method, already applied to bound-bound and bound-free transitions, is extended to free-free transitions in the field of positive ions. The role of a cut-off factor, intended to cancel the diverging part of the irregular Coulomb functions, as well as the way to obtain photoionisation data for excited states from the extrapolation of free-free results, are carefully discussed.


ABSTRACT Adding patient encounters and simulation to the preclinical years of medical school is becoming increasingly popular. This article describes the creation of active learning opportunities by a clinical librarian that are aimed at training preclinical students through the use of simulated patient scenarios. Scenarios for second-year students walk them through the evidence-based resources needed in clinical years and beyond through a standardized patient encounter. Scenarios for first-year students involve role-play of cases where the patient and physician bring contrasting ideas to the outpatient interaction. All scenarios are carried out under the guidance of a clinician and librarian.


The invention discloses a papermaking net cage adopting a paper-cut pattern as a watermark piece. The papermaking net cage comprises a paper net and the watermark piece arranged on the paper net, wherein the watermark piece adopts the paper-cut pattern; the paper-cut pattern is a positive pattern or a negative pattern. The paper-cut pattern is adopted as the watermark piece on the paper net, a paper cutting technology is combined with a watermark papermaking technology, sizing water filtering is realized by utilizing the hollowed-out characteristic of the paper-cut pattern, convenient adhesion and welding connection positioning is realized through the characteristic that the pattern is integrally connected, and the technological difficulties of spot welding and water filtering are effectively solved; moreover, by adopting the technology, peculiar watermark pattern paper with strong traditional culture further can be designed and manufactured. The technology does not need to be combined with a traditional net pressing watermark technology, watermark paper with a coordinated complete pattern can be designed and manufactured in general, the area of the whole pattern can exceed 60 mm * 60 mm, and the watermark effect is peculiar, so that the watermark paper has a new anti-counterfeiting characteristic.


The method of moments (MoM) was the basis of the earliest large scale, general purpose EM modeling codes and the numerical electromagnetic code (NEC) traces its ancestry to one of the first of these large codes, AMP. Some of the gaps in the modeling capabilities available to the typical code user might be met now by making more of the developments of recent years available in documented and supported codes. NEC has been under continuing development, and a new release of the code is planed that will correct some problems in the present version in areas of wire modeling and code structure. Still, it remains basically a wire modeling code with some capabilities for surfaces. The present features of NEC and improvements planed for the next release are summarized, followed by a discussion of some possibilities for extending the capabilities of NEC or similar codes. >


Surgical angioplasty for branch pulmonary arterial stenosis (BPAS) is associated with a low success rate and a high mortality rate. The success rate of balloon angioplasty using low pressure balloon catheters is about 60%. Little data are available on the success rate using high-pressure balloon (HPB) catheters. Therefore, our goal is to report the procedural and mid-term success rates using HPB catheters for the treatment of BPAS and those factors associated with success. 38 patients (25 boys/13 girls) with BPAS underwent at least one attempt (48 procedures) of balloon angioplasty using HPB catheters. Their median age was 1.1 years (range, 0.1–22.1 year), and their median weight was 9.6 kg (range, 3.7–61 kg). Thirty patients (79%) had BPAS following surgical intervention for their cardiac defects (mostly post tetralogy of Fallot), and eight (21%) patients had the BPAS associated with Williams syndrome (2 patients), Alagille syndrome (one patient), unoperated tetralogy of Fallot (one patient), and congenital BPAS (4 patients). Twenty-six procedures involved the left pulmonary artery (LPA), and 22 procedures involved the right pulmonary artery (RPA). The overall acute success rate was 56% (27 of 48 vessels). The mean ± SD of the gradient across the stenotic segment decreased from 37 ± 20 to 23 ± 20 mmHg (P < 0.001), and the diameter of the narrowest segment improved from 3.5 ± 1.6 to 5.7 ± 2.5 mm (P < 0.001). The median RV/AO pressure ratio decreased from 0.64 to 0.52 (P = 0.009). The median ratio of balloon size to the diameter of the narrowest segment was 2.67 (range, 1.3–7.8). Lesion location (RPA) was associated with higher acute success rate (P = 0.03), but not with mid-term outcome. Acute (P = 0.006) and mid-term (P = 0.04) success were related to balloon diameter to vessel diameter ratio. At mid-term follow-up (median interval 2.5 years), 16 vessels (33%) were widely patent. Complications included perforation of a small branch pulmonary artery in one patient, resulting in hemoptysis with complete recovery. One patient developed pulmonary artery hypertension; two patients developed an aneurysm of the dilated segment; one patient developed femoral vein thrombosis; and one patient had a paradoxical embolus associated with a cerbrovascular accident. There were no procedure-related deaths. We conclude that BPAS is challenging to treat. The use of HPB angioplasty may avoid surgery or the permanence of stem implantation and should be the first intervention for this condition in the pediatric patient. Other interventions should be reserved for refractory stenosis.


The heat stability of milk products are greatly influenced by the stability of milk protein added to the product. This study is aimed to find the optimum stabilizer applied on either whole milk (WMP) or skim milk (SMP). Milk stability, as well as pH and viscosity, were used to evaluate the compatibility of stabilizer in pasteurized milk products. No visible phase separation was observed in all mixtures, hence the heat stability of milk was determined by the protein precipitation measured by using centrifugation. The kappa-carrageenan up to 0.04% (w/w) was found to be the most compatible stabilizer for whole milk followed by xanthan gum and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). Sample with kappa-carrageenan 0.02% in skim milk followed by CMC and xanthan gum showed heat stability improvement resulting in less protein precipitation compare to the control. Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was found to have higher protein precipitation compare to the other stabilizers in both type of commercial milk protein. The pH of whole milk was not significantly affected by the addition of all type stabilizers. However, the pH of skim milk was significantly affected by the addition of all type stabilizers except kappa-carrageenan (0.02 and 0.03%). The apparent viscosity of pasteurized milk products increased with the increase concentration of stabilizer. Incompatibility occuring in WMP/CMC, WMP/MCC, SMP/kappa-carrageenan (0.03 and 0.04%), and SMP/MCC mixtures was likely a result of depletion flocculation phenomena. The most compatible mixtures was found in WMP/kappa-carrageenan 0.03% and SMP/kappa-carrageenan 0.02%.


A GREATLY INCREASED LENGTH OF CULVERT WAS NEEDED TO ACCOMMODATE A WIDENED FILL ON A HIGHWAY THAT WAS BARELY SUFFICIENT TO PROVIDE A TWO-LANE THOROUGHFARE. THE DIFFICULTY OF DETOURING TRAFFIC RULED OUT OPEN TRENCH EXCAVATION AND SO JACKING A PRECAST PIPE WAS THE METHOD EMPLOYED. JACKING COMMENCED FROM THE DOWNSTREAM END WHERE A NATURAL RIDGE FORMED AN EXCELLENT BACK-STOP. A REINFORCED CONCRETE LAUNCHING PAD WAS USED TO FACILITATE JACKING. JACKS WERE POSITIONED ON THE LAUNCHING PAD AND PRESSURE APPLIED TO THE LOWER ARC OF THE PIPE ONLY. THIS ALLOWED MUCKING OUT TO PROCEED WITHOUT DISTURBING THE JACKS. GREAT DIFFICULTY WAS EXPERIENCED IN SECURING RECUMBENT HYDRAULIC JACKS. TANGYE 15 TON HYDRAULIC JACKS WERE USED BUT LARGER 25 TON JACKS WOULD HAVE SPEEDED OPERATIONS. HOWEVER, CONSTRUCTION BY THE PIPE JACK METHOD FACILITATED CONSTRUCTION AND PERMITTED COMPLETION IN SHORT TIME WITHOUT TRAFFIC INTERFERENCE.


Non-geometric hazards like sinkage and slipping, correlated to terrain categories, have an apparent effect on the locomotion of legged robots. Tactile-based terrain classification is a more accurate way to distinguish terrains in different properties than the vision, but selecting representative features instead of cumbersome ones in the complex foot-terrain interaction for efficient classification is still a challenge. In this letter, two specific leg motions are designed to inspect terrain bearing and friction properties, and manually designed features are extracted based on the foot-terrain interaction model for classification. These features are physics-informed, tidy and interpretable, and can be used with different classifiers under different foot configurations. Four classic classifiers with physics-informed features are trained for terrain classification and evaluated on our self-developed dataset. At the same time, the proposed method was compared with other two methods: an artificial feature extraction method and a CNN-based method. The results show that our proposed method reaches remarkable precision in terrain classification and can still guarantee a high accuracy under a small number of training samples.


[Introduction]. In recent studies of Europeanisation the word 'puzzle' has proved to be a frequent visitor. In essence, this puzzle is seen to revolve around the belief that while membership of the European Union (EU) has wrought tremendous impact upon the shape and direction of national policies and policy processes, the impact upon the bureaucratic infrastructure of domestic government systems has by comparison been somewhat limited. Of late, however, a means of resolving this puzzle has been put forward. In short, the preoccupation of historical-institutionalist analysis with largely structural, institutional and procedural-based aspects of change may, it is argued, have led to the apparently divergent or contradictory paths taken by the respective policy-related and bureaucratic-administrative forms of Europeanisation. A less puzzling interpretation of developments might flow if, in addition to the purely institutionalist perspective, more attention were to be focused upon broader cultural factors and the role played by individuals within the context of bureaucratic adaptation processes. This paper attempts to follow the latter course by drawing on a historical-based study of the long-term impact of bureaucratic Europeanisation on a government department across a period of some twenty-five years. The focus is upon the relative depth of Europeanisation experienced in that particular case and the extent to which that Europeanisation was in fact influenced not only by structural and procedural aspects of the UK administrative system but also by cultural, actor-based and departmental-specific factors.


Background: With its rapid spread, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had a detrimental effect on students' psychological well-being, depression, and behavioral changes due to indefinite educational leaves, lockdowns, restricted outdoor activities, and excess use of social media. This study aims to assess the relationship of social media exposure with the psychological well-being, depression, and behavioral changes of Bangladeshi university students. Methods: A web-based cross-sectional survey was carried out on 530 students from June 17 to July 10, 2020, to evaluate psychological well-being, depression, behavioral changes, and social media exposure via self-reported measures. Results: The prevalence of factors were as follows: poor psychological well-being was 24.9%;moderate to severe depression was 56.6%;severe behavioral changes was 32.1%;and of moderate to severe addiction to social media exposure was 38.3%. All factors were positively associated with social media exposure. Multivariate logistic regression showed that the addiction of participants to social media was 7.488 times higher with severe behavioral changes (OR: 7.488;95% CI 4.708-11.909), 2.299 times higher with poor psychological functioning (OR: 2.299;95% CI 1.421-3.721), 30.54 times higher with severe depressed (OR: 30.54;95% CI 15.0-62.177) than that of individuals without such symptoms. Conclusions: The above findings imply that the government needs to pay greater attention to improve the overall situation of Bangladeshi university students.


Publication of Zhoumalou Wu Bamboo Slips During Three Kingdoms in Changsha reproves that "Fu Min" in the Book of Officials and Farmers written by Jiahe hasn't the same meaning as that given by arranger,and it doesn't include farmers freeing from land tax and conscript labour.It also has different meaning with "Fu Ke" or "Fu Tian" in historical books.


This paper proposes the design of recursive Anycast DNS service system using as a replacement for the original unicast DNS service system that the UniNet Network is active and having problems supporting the volume of client traffic that has a large number of educational institutions. In order to increase the efficiency of providing services to clients of educational institutions. The designing from setting up the server host in various node and the designing the server connected to a suitable network for routing protocol has been proposed, including designing an emergency backup system that regards to compatibility with current network systems and the use of the original unicast DNS system to be useful. As a result of testing the designed system, it was found that the Query time of the new system was 2 times less than that of the original system for query IPv4, and 5 times less than that of the original system for query IPv6. Anycast DNS system that was installed can support the amount of DNS Query more 15 times than the original unicast DNS system.


Na3Ni2SbO6 is prepared by solid state reaction of stoichiometric amounts of Na2CO3, Sb2O3, and NiO (900 °C, 12 h) as a cathode for Na-ion batteries.


Effective fault diagnosis of rolling bearings are vital for the reliable and smooth operation of industrial equipment. Early fault detection and diagnosis of rolling bearings are required to avoid catastrophic failures and financial losses. In this paper, we propose a new sophisticated Multiscale Dispersion Entropy (MDE) based feature that uses a nonlinear mapping approach using a Generalized Gaussian Distribution (GGD)-Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF). First of all, the proposed feature extraction method is used to extract the features from a raw 1-D vibration signal and the candidate feature of each vibration signal is selected by analysing the standard deviation of the features. Then, the features are used as input to a Multi-class Support Vector Machine (MCSVM) model for categorizing rolling bearing fault conditions. The findings demonstrate that the proposed method is better in terms of classification accuracy, precision, recall and F1–score as compared to other entropy feature driven classification models.


In this paper,we propose a noise attenuation method by 3D geometry numerical simulation.We simulate 3D seismic acquisitions with different geometries and process the datasets with the same processing flow and parameters.The following understandings have been found:(1)Simulations show that different geometries have different capability of linear interference suppression.Geometry with larger aspect ratio gets better noise suppression.(2)Three different geometries are simulated.The results show that the geometry with smaller bin size and larger aspect ratio removes linear noise and footprints better than the others.This method is an effective and practical way to optimize geometry design.


The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of NOM and BOPO on the profitability of Islamic banks in Indonesia and at the same time analyze the impact of covid-19 as a moderating variable. The analysis tool to fulfill the goodness of fit model uses the classical assumption test including the normality test; multicollinearity test;  heteroscedasticity test; autocorrelation test; and linearity test. Path analysis to test direct and indirect relationships, moderating regression analysis (MRA), and hypothesis testing. The population and sample in this study were 13 Islamic banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The results of the study are that the NOM and BOPO variables affect ROA at Islamic Commercial Banks in Indonesia in 2018-2020 which means that Islamic banks are able to obtain net operations so that the average ability of productive assets to generate profits is known. The Covid'19 pandemic variable as a moderating variable strengthens the influence of NOM and BOPO on ROA


Developments in the colloid chemistry of bitumen are described. Recent experimental work (ultrafiltration, precipitation and solution, measurement of the mean relative particle size) leads to a modified definition of asphaltene and mineral oil resins which are present in bitumen as colloid dispersal particles. /TRRL/


Graph theory provides an elegant and natural representation of molecular symmetry and the resulting group expressed in terms of permutations is isomorphic to the permutation-inversion group of Longuet-Higgins. In this paper, using the group theory package GAP, we compute the automorphism group of the Euclidean graph of benzenoid chains.


Two new compounds containing the (acetylido)(cyanido)aurate(I) anion are reported. Their solid-state structures with the monocation PPN, bis(triphenylphosphane)iminium, are reported as a product containing a water molecule and an acetone molecule for the phenylacetylide compound, and as a monohy- drate in the case of the t -butylacetylide compound. The gold atom is linearly coordinated with normal Au–C bonds in both cases (1.97–1.99 Å). Hydrogen bond chains are found from N to water and from water to acetone, with H bond D (cid:2)(cid:2)(cid:2) A contact distances of 2.92 Å (O (cid:2)(cid:2)(cid:2) O) and 3.01 Å (O (cid:2)(cid:2)(cid:2) N) for the phenylacetylide compound. The PPN cation has normal bond lengths in both compounds and no short contacts with other atoms in the lattice are observed. The luminescence properties of both compounds have been measured as solid powders. The phenyl- acetylide compound shows medium strength emission with two peaks at 431 and 454 nm when excited at 310 nm. The excitation spectra monitored at 431 and 454 nm, respectively, show similar spectra with a broad band maximum at 310–317 nm. Surprisingly, the t -butylacetylide compound displays negligible luminescence. (cid:2) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. ThisisanopenaccessarticleundertheCCBYlicense(http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).


Opportunities to grow leadership skills and broaden leaders' perspectives can be achieved through interagency personnel exchanges. NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center and other government agencies have formed collaborative agreements to facilitate personnel exchanges, offering a rich career experience for aspiring supervisors and managers.


[Objective]The paper was to isolate and identify Ralstonia solanacearum from white burley, and determine its susceptibility to 6 fungicides. [Method] Using the combination method of semiselective medium (PCCG) and apolymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, R. solanacearum in stalk of white burley from Dazhou City in Sichuan Province was isolated, and its biochemical type was identified. Through susceptibility test, the susceptibility of R. solanacearum to bismerthiazol, ethylicin, streptomycin, lime sulfur, 47% polylysine, 99% kojic acid was studied in laboratory. [Result] A total of 23 strains of R. solanacearum were isolated, all belonging to biochemical type III. R. solanacearum obtained in the test were more susceptible to ethylicin, streptomycin and bismerthiazol, and ethylicin had good control effect against R. solanacearum with EC50 of 0.086 ml/L. [Conclusion] The study provide theoretical basis for control of R. solanacearum in white burley.


At 450mm wafer area, the first Cu BEOL module process was demonstrated with a single damascene structure using low-k ILD, TiN metal hard mask and guided 20nm half-pitched lamella BCP DSA patterning. It showed the potential opportunities, technical feasibility and further challenges for coming needs for 450mm equipment.


The number of species in the Pegomya maculata species group is raised from three to four with the description of a new, Holarctic species, P. grahami sp. nov. The other species, P. maculata Stein, P. atricauda Ringdahl and P. macrophthalma Griffiths, are redescribed. The number of species in Europe is raised from two to four. Two species, P. grahami (previously recorded as P. maculata) and P. macrophthalma, are also Nearctic. Pegomya maculata is the only species known from the female, but descriptions are given of 2-3 unidentified female morphospecies matching the species group. A lectotype is designated for Pegomyia maculata Stein, 1906.


In our paper, 'Comparative analysis of the activity and content of different streptokinase preparations,'1 we only mentioned the results of the chromogenic assay for the activity measurement of STPase. To confirm, we also tested the samples with a clot-lysis assay as second assay. We have not shown the data of this confirmational tests as they did not significantly differ from the results of the chromogenic assay. The results of both …


Abstract Persons with dementia commonly experience mealtime challenging behaviors resulting in negative outcomes. Appropriate caregiver engagement is critical in engaging residents in eating. Current caregiver behavior measures are neither validated nor specific for mealtime care. A feasible and reliable measure to evaluate caregiver engagement during mealtimes is needed. Our team developed the Caregiver Mealtime Engagement Scale (CMES), a 29-item observational measure with good content validity (Content Validity Index = 1.00). The CMES includes 24 positive behaviors (e.g., position resident upright) and 5 negative behaviors (e.g., interrupt resident). Each item is scored by frequency on a 0 (never) – 3 (always) scale. Total score ranges from 0-87; higher score indicates better engagement. This study aimed to test the CMES' reliability and validity through a secondary analysis of 87 mealtime video-recorded observations from a hand feeding trial (P30). The sample included 7 residents and 25 staff from 2 nursing homes. The CMES has good internal consistency (Cronbach's α =.775). Inter-rater reliability was good (r = .861, p<.001) based on ratings of 20 videos by two independent trained coders. Intra-rater reliability was excellent (r = .905, p<.001) based on ratings of 20 videos by one trained coder at two times (2-3 weeks apart). The CMES demonstrated good convergent validity based on association with the Relational Behavior Scale (r = .822, p<.001) and Mealtime Relational Care Checklist (r = .324, p=.002). Findings support the CMES' reliability and validity. Future research is needed to test CMES among a larger diverse sample of caregivers in different settings.


To separate the substance in question in a homogeneous state, the writer made several trials. As a preliminary experiment the glacial acetic acid-soluble, phosphorus-free fraction (See First Paper)) was digested with trypsin and also treated with formaldehyde to see the effect of these operations on that biological potency, with results suggesting protein nature of the active factor. Exhaustion of the fraction with hot benzene, chloroform and alcohol did not diminish its activity. On the other hand, heating of the material as dissolved in physiological saline at 100•Ž, irradi ation with ƒ ́-ray and freezing with liquid air also did not inactivate it, namely, the active factor appeared fairly stable. To isolate the principle, attempts were made to subdivide the fraction by electrodialysis, by precipitation with acid and with several protein precipitants, taking the electrophoretic pattern and outcome of the skin test as indications. Half saturation with (NH4)2SO4, saturation with NaCl, addition of trichloroacetic acid up to 5% and electrodialysis all gave a precipitate that was heterogeneous, though more reactive to cancer patients than to non-cancerous. In efforts, however, a product was given, whose electrophoresis demonstrated only one component, by a combined procedure consisting in fractionated precipitation with Na2SO3 of the solution of the electrodialytic precipitate reprecipitated at pH 4.5. Its properties will be enumerated below, which afforded a proof that it belongs to the class of globulins.


Integration, from an educational perspective, means that all students have equal access to the total school environment for the purpose of achieving their educational goals. The legal, social, and educational rationales for integrating severely disabled and nondisabled students have been delineated in numerous publications (cf., Bricker, 1978; Brown et al., 1979). Federal funding of large-scale demonstration projects (e.g., Hawaii Integration Project, Kansas Integration Project) and research institutes (e.g., San Francisco State University and University of Minnesota) demonstrates governmental support of integration efforts. And a major professional organization, The Association for Persons with Severe Handicaps, has adopted a deinstitutionalization resolution proclaiming the rights of disabled students to access integrated environments in the public schools ("TASH Adopts Resolution," 1980). Integration is more than a special education trend; it is an expression of a broader concern for safeguarding the constitutional rights of all citizens on the basis of the equal protection doctrine. Equal protection is rooted in the values of self-fulfillment and disregard of unalterable traits (H. R. Turnbull, personal communication, 1981). Self-fulfillment implies that an individual is free from unnecessary restrictions and limitations to his/her liberty. Disregard of unalterable traits means that an individual is not discriminated against ( or restricted) on the basis of inborn characteristics such as sex, race, ancestry, and disability. Integration of severely disabled students addresses the values of self-fulfillment and disregard of unalterable traits by providing equal and shared access to environments, programs, and events available to nonhandicapped students.


In this article, the author describes the push by the California High Speed Rail Authority to acquire funding through a ballot measure in November of 2008. Certain prerequisites for a north-south line to service the Sacramento, San Francisco Bay Area, Los Angeles, and San Diego metropolitan areas have already been satisfied such as environmental approval. The proposed system will be modeled from systems in Spain, France, Germany, Japan, and others. The system will also have to be a departure from U,S, rail and wheel standards in order to comply wish internationally normative high-speed rail systems.


Circular economy is the crucial economic developing mode to boom the resources utilization and environmental protection.As one of the basic management systems stipulated by the Law of Circular Economy Promotion of China,circular economy planning is the feasible means that can guarantee the practice of the theory.On the base of an analysis of origin and implications of circular economy,the development progress of circular economy planning was reviewed,and their phases divided by developing characteristics,named as exploration stage,implementation stage and the new stage of ecological civilization.Meanwhile,the planning methodologies as well as their suitability were analyzed and compared,and existing indicator systems in circular economy planning were listed.Aiming at existing problems in circular economy planning,it was proposed that under the background of eco-civilization establishment,the theoretical innovation,methodological innovation and guarantee system innovation of circular economy planning should be strengthened.


The study of fatigue behavior of aluminum alloy 6063 exposed to periodic fatigue stresses was studied in laboratory conditions under the two conditions of the presence of the first indentation in the first test, then the presence of the phenomenon of erosion in the second test resulting from the projection of pure water Jet on samples of the same metal used in The first test. The purpose of these tests was to estimate the practical life of these samples and the resulting accumulation by using upward and downward variable stresses. A mathematical model was built to calculate the life of the samples in the above conditions, and the results of the estimated life of the samples calculated by the model showed a large convergence with the results of the estimated life of the samples practically calculated. So this mathematical model can be used to estimate the life of samples made of different minerals under these same conditions, after knowing the (S-N) curve for each metal and the amount of the value of the fatigue notch factor (Kf), which can be calculated from special tables without referring to performing practical tests for them.


With the lightning positioning data from 2007—2010 measured by 52 lightning detection stations of 5 provinces in central China,this paper analyzes the daily change,intensity,slope and density of lightning distribution for four seasons.The results show that the occurrence time of the positive and negative lightning peak value and their daily variation curve for four seasons are not identical.The lightning mostly occurs in the period from afternoon to evening(12:00—20:00) during summer and autumn,which presents a single peak change,and the peak value usually appears in 16:00—18:00.While during winter and spring,the lightning mostly occurs in the period from evening to before dawn(20:00—2:00),which presents a single trough change,and the valley value appears in 10:00—14:00.Lightning intensity and slope change little during four seasons.The intensity and slope of positive lightning are higher than that of negative lightning,and the highest lightning slope appears in summer,while the biggest lightning intensity appears in winter.The positive and negative lightning intensity mainly distributes in 10-40 kA,more than 90% of lightning intensities are less than 80 kA,and 95.5% of lightning intensities are less than 100 kA.There is considerable variation in seasonal lightning density distribution in the five provinces.During spring,the lightning density is higher in central part than in north and south part,and in summer and winter,the lightning density increases gradually from south to north,while in autumn,it increases gradually from north to south in the five provinces.


The Plutonium Air Transportable Package, Model PAT-1, is certified under Title 10, Code of Federal Regulations Part 71 by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) per Certificate of Compliance (CoC) USA/0361B(U)F-96 (currently Revision 9). The purpose of this SAR Addendum is to incorporate plutonium (Pu) metal as a new payload for the PAT-1 package. The Pu metal is packed in an inner container (designated the T-Ampoule) that replaces the PC-1 inner container. The documentation and results from analysis contained in this addendum demonstrate that the replacement of the PC-1 and associated packaging material with the T-Ampoule and associated packaging with the addition of the plutonium metal content are not significant with respect to the design, operating characteristics, or safe performance of the containment system and prevention of criticality when the package is subjected to the tests specified in 10 CFR 71.71, 71.73 and 71.74.


Now as one of the most perspective directions of rehabilitation of people with a hearing disorder and their integration into the environment of the hearing is possible to consider the cochlear implantation. The article considers the features of sports and health-improving work with the preschool children using cochlear implants. The possibility of efficiency increase of audio-verbal rehabilitation of children in the course of occupations by physical exercises in preschool institution of the compensating type is discussed. The main idea is that the problems of development of the audio-verbal and speech-motor centers of the brain can be solved at lesson along with increase of physical readiness of the children. Relevance of the problem of studying of this children`s category is stated by the modern requirements of the theory and practice of the adaptive physical culture directed at search of new optimum ways for rehabilitation after cochlear implantation. Keywords: children at preschool age, physical exercises, cochlear implantation, audio and verbal rehabilitation.


Abstract At social community level there are still myths and stereotypes, which refer to sexuality of the persons with disabilities. The most common wrong assumptions are those stating that persons with disabilities are asexual - long life children and the opposite ideas which state that persons with disabilities are sexually impulsive. The truth is that sexuality is an integral part of each life starting in the childhood and stretching throughout the whole life. The main goal of this master thesis, presented on 190 sheets, was to elaborate the characteristics of sexual development of persons with disabilities, more exactly of persons with mental retardation, vision impairments, auditive impairments and persons with physical impairments. Furthermore, to determine the degree and manner of acquired sex education and to make comparison in terms of prevalence and reasons for sexual abuse of persons with different types and degrees of disabilities, as well as to stress the possibilities for prevention. The sample of the research was consisted of 317 examinees separated in 6 groups and one control group. The first group included 98 examinees with mental retardation, out of which 36 at the age between 10 and 15 years from the Special Primary Schools "Idnina" and "Dr. Zlatan Sremac", 29 examinees with mild mental retardation older than 15 years from the State Secondary School for Rehabilitation and Education "St. Naum Ohridski", 33 examinees with moderate mental retardation no older than 10 years of age, from Institution for Rehabilitation of the Children and Youth - Topansko Pole. The second group included 25 persons with visual impairments from the Institution for Rehabilitation of Children and Youth with Visual Impairments "Dimitar Vlahov", out of which 8 were at the age between 10 and 15 years and 17 examinees were older than 15 years. The third group included 19 examinees with auditive impairments at the age between 10 and 15 years from the Institution for Rehabilitation of Children and Youth with Auditive Impairments "Kocho Racin" - Bitola and 16 examinees with auditive impairments older than 15 years from the Center for Education and Rehabilitation "Partenija Zografski" - Skopje. In the forth group there were 25 persons with physical impairment, from the Institution for Prevention and Rehabilitation of the Persons with Physical Impairments "Banja Bansko" - Strumica, 21 examinees no older than 12 years of age and 4 examinees from the Center for Cerebral Palsy at the age between 10 and 15 years. 72 special educators and rehabilitators and professional staff from the institutions, primary and secondary special schools were included in the fifth group, and in the sixth group were included 30 parents of the persons with disabilities. In the last group 32 pupils from the Primary School "Petar Zdravkovski - Penko" at the age between 10 and 15 years were included. In the third part of the master thesis the analysis of results and discussion were presented. The information presented in this part are nominal data, which after collecting, were numbered, grouped and tabled, and after that processed with standard statistical program SPSS 11 for WindowsXP, applying c2 test, which at the 2 x 2 tables was applied together with Fisher exact test R x C tables of contingency, in order to obtain more precise results and determine existence of the possible concession. …


With in mind the inverse model identification problems in inverse system method,this paper studied the realization of inverse system identification and control using support vector machines(SVM),and proposed a compound control strategy combing SVM inverse system with PID controller.SVM were used to identify the inverse model of nonlinear system,and this inverse model was used as feed-forward controller to design direct inverse control.Moreover,PID controller was used to realize feed-back control,which could overcome the limits of direct inverse control in performance and robustness.Simulations demonstrated that SVM had a good approximate capability for inverse model,and the proposed compound control system had a good dynamic and static state performance as well as good robustness.


To a backlight unit of the present invention changes the capacitance of the relatively series capacitor of the lamp current is smaller flows (serial capacitor) in parallel driving method that for implementing a uniform brightness all over the panel by decreasing the current deviation, the plurality connected in parallel a cold cathode fluorescent lamp; A capacitor attached to both ends of the plurality of cold cathode fluorescent lamps; A lamp housing which houses located in the lower surface of the plurality of cold cathode fluorescent lamps enclosing the cold cathode fluorescent lamp; And an inverter for applying a high voltage connected to the capacitor of the cold cathode fluorescent lamp, wherein the plurality of cold-cathode fluorescent lamp is of a different size in the case of the other cold cathode fluorescent lamp, the two ends a cold cathode fluorescent lamp in the last second characterized in that the capacitors are mounted. Cold-cathode fluorescent lamp, a parasitic capacitance, a capacitor, a parallel drive


Seoul is distinctive from a global perspective in at least three important respects:(i) it has the potential to emerge as a true center for the Northeast Asia region, (ii) it is an important example of how flourishing civil society can take root in what was an authoritarian state, and (iii) it is likewise an instructive example of remarkable urban growth and transformation. The question becomes one of how might Seoul capitalize on its unique to establish a global niche for itself? The purpose of this study is to create unique institutions that are truly international in their orientation yet located in Seoul. Implicit in this study is a notion of hierarchy of cities that are interconnected on the basis of economic, political and cultural transactions. The study is to pursue a more demand-oriented approach through adaptation of a niche strategy. The key point made is that Seoul could be much more active in cultivating a meaningful regional identity, and doing so would in fact be the best means of establishing a strong global presence. Two international institutions are recommended as a more recent and instructive exemple of how Seoul might seek to define and signal its horizontal niche in a global context in a cost-effective manner. One is the Global Institute for Societal Transformation (GIST) under the United Nations University. The institute could be truly international in its composition and global in its breadth and engagement while using Seoul as its base of operations. It could work systematically build on each of the three distinctive qualities discussed above. The other is Center for Northeast Asian Development Studies(CNADS). The proposed CNADS is intended to change the situation by stimulating world class research and related policy dialogues and knowledge dissemination regarding a broad array of contemporary economic, social and political development through the Northeast Asian region.


Kinship, stability and occupation: the slave families in Rio de Janeiro, 1790-1830. The article tries to establish some of the patterns related to the slave families in the rural area of Rio de Janeiro in the first half of the 19th century. The research is based on wills. From a theoretical point of view kinship is considered to be one of the main strategies of pacification, socialization and slaves organization. From these functions come its conservative social role, essential to the reproduction of the inclusive slavery system.


The paper summarizes motivating factors for foreign direct investment (FDI) and discusses the economic impact of FDI. Although it is not possible to make a clear-cut estimate of the net impact of FDI on the U.S. economy, analysis of available information and data support at least some of the arguments advanced by proponents of maintaining a U.S. open door policy for international investors.


Objective. In nondiabetic healthy individuals, insulin secretion and sensitivity are linked by a negative feedback loop characterized by a hyperbolic function. We aimed to study the association of traditional insulin resistance (IR) factors with insulin secretion and sensitivity, and to determine whether the hyperbolic equilibrium of this relation is preserved in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods. This was a cross-sectional study encompassing 361 nondiabetic individuals: 151 with RA and 210 controls. Insulin, C-peptide, and IR indices by homeostatic model (HOMA2) were assessed. A multivariable analysis was performed to evaluate the differences in the correlation of traditional IR-related factors with glucose homeostasis molecules, as well as IR indices between patients and controls. Nonlinear regression analysis was used to assess the hyperbolic relation of insulin sensitivity and secretion. Results. HOMA2-IR indices were higher in patients with RA than controls. Hepatic insulin extraction, as assessed by the insulin:C-peptide molar ratio, was lower in patients with RA after multivariable analysis (0.08 ± 0.02 vs 0.14 ± 0.07, p < 0.001). Traditional IR-related factors showed significantly lower adjusted correlation coefficients with IR indices in patients with RA. The association between insulin sensitivity and secretion showed a different hyperbolic relation in patients with RA: the variability explained by the curve was lower in RA (nonlinear r2 = 0.845 vs r2 = 0.928, p = 0.001) and β coefficients (−0.74, 95% CI −0.77 to −0.70 vs −1.09, 95% CI −1.17 to −1.02, ng/ml, p < 0.001) were different in RA. Conclusion. The traditional factors associated with IR in healthy individuals are less related to IR in patients with RA. Insulin sensitivity and secretion yield a different hyperbolic equilibrium in RA.


Groundwater has rapidly emerged to occupy a dominant place in India's agriculture and food security in the recent years. It has become the main source of growth in irrigated area over the past 3 decades, and it now accounts for over 60 percent of the irrigated area in the country. It is estimated that now over 70 percent of India's food grain production comes from irrigated agriculture, in which groundwater plays a major role. Since the development of groundwater irrigation has not largely been government or policy driven - has happened gradually through highly decentralized private activity, this revolution has gone largely unnoticed.[IIMA W.P. No. 2009-03-08]


Parallel computing is a technique to solve a problem using many CPUs. To perform parallel computing, it requires parallel computer, which is commonly known as supercomputer or multiprocessor computer. Nowadays, a supercomputer is still very expensive. Therefore, parallel algorithm is difficult to be applied in general. To resolve this problem, virtual parallel workstation is created. Virtual parallel workstation is a network of computers controlled by a program that can regulate the allocation of computational processes to processors across the entire network. This project uses PVM (Parallel Virtual Machine) to implement the parallel workstation environment to perform Bubble Sort Algorithm in parallel approach


Doping of GaN with Fe atoms above 0.4% concentration leads to crystallographic phase separation and to the self-assembly of Fe-rich nanocrystals (NCs) with stoichiometry and magnetic characteristics imposed by the growth conditions. Here, we report on the studies of magnetic anisotropy of GaδFeN layers with FeyN embedded nanocrystals controlled by strain engineering via AlxGa1−xN buffers with different Al concentration 0 ≤ xAl ≤ 41%. Already for xAl < 5% the structural properties: phase, shape, orientation - as well as the spatial distribution of the embedded NCs are modified in comparison to those of the NCs stabilized in GaδFeN on GaN. Our study shows that although the magnetic easy axis of the cubic γ'-GayFe4−yN nanocrystals lies in-plane of the layer, the easy axis of hexagonal ε-Fe3N NCs formed in all samples with xAl > 0 coincides with the [0001] growth direction. This leads to a sizeable out-of-plane magnetic anisotropy and opens wide perspectives for perpendicular recording based on nitride-based magnetic nanocrystals. Our study yields the first direct determination of the temperature dependence of magnetocrystalline anisotropy parameter ε-Fe3N.


Analysis result of MBR treating sauce waste water in contrast to SBR is: COD of MBR is better than SBR in effluent,but worse than SBR with air floating.It is no use of SBR technique getting rid of chromaticity,and chromaticity of MBR is better than SBR in effluent.Take a living work as example,treating water quantity is 400 m~3/d,analyze total project investment and annual operational cost of MBR in contrast to SBR,the operational cost of MBR is lower 22% than that of SBR.It is difficult for MBR to use widely result from the cost of producing of MBR is more expensive.With the improvement of fee of tapping water and wastewater discharge,the decrease of membrane module price,prolonging the membrane filtration,the MBR technique will be developed rapidly.A resultful approach to resolve the existent problem is the combination of MBR and SBR technique.


Artificial neural networks (ANN) which has been used for the prediction of a reliable load scheduling method. This paper exiting an intelligent method to meet fluctuate power supply demands. Generally, we experienced with load shedding process when the power generation system fails due to the instability. In load shedding process, additional loads are isolated. The proposed method overcomes this problem. We can schedule the demanded power with respect to the availability in a cost effective manner. An optimum design of power scheduling is demand in this section. The cost of power generation is different for various sources. The load demand to each section is also different and may vary nonlinearly. In order to generate a mapping between the above inputs and the desired output, ANN is trained using simulated data for a number of cases. In this approach, the net load demand and the output from solar source (or conventional source) are the inputs of this network and the power from other source and power losses due to various reasons at the circulation time is the response of neural network. The ANN model is proved to be much faster than the dynamic simulation programs. MATLAB is the platform used for training and programming of ANN.


Webb et al conducted a survey in a population of 196 university students investigating the usage levels and awareness of health effects of non-nutritive sweeteners (NNSs). From this study, the authors claim that students were largely unaware "that NNS does cause cancer" and largely aware "that NNS are associated with weight gain". The reporting of this study infers that the investigators directly asked the student participants if they were aware that NNS cause cancer and/or aware that NNS are associated with weight gain. The publication by Webb et al is misleading with regard to understanding the health effects of use of NNSs. Regulatory food safety authorities worldwide consistently confirm that NNSs are safe, and do not cause cancer. While there has been much conversation regarding the potential for NNSs to cause weight gain, such an effect has been refuted by collective evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) – the most reliable type of research for evaluation of proposed effects. Webb et al cite a recently conducted scoping review by Lohner et al when claiming that NNS use can cause cancer. While this review lists certain types of studies that investigated the carcinogenicity potential of NNSs, Lohner et al did not conclude that these studies were evidence that any NNS causes cancer. Moreover, the purpose of the Lohner et al paper was aimed only at mapping outcomes from human data, and from this, suggesting health outcomes about which systematic reviews should explore. This scoping review, due its design, also did not give consideration to either the quality of the studies listed (e.g., RCT vs observational studies) or the significant body of pre-clinical research required by regulators. Again, based on the totality of the available evidence, regulators around the world consistently confirm that NNSs are non-carcinogenic. In addition, a systematic review and meta-analysis (Toews et al), commissioned by the WHO and conducted by the same Cochrane research group that published the scoping review by Lohner et al, found no evidence of association between NNS consumption and several forms of cancer. Further reviews of particular NNSs have also shown no evidence of carcinogenic potential. Similarly, the research cited by Webb et al does not fairly represent the totality of evidence regarding the potential for NNSs to cause weight gain. While there have been numerous hypotheses generated about how NNS might cause excess weight gain in humans, collective results from RCTs do not show that NNS use would cause weight gain. Indeed, results of RCTs overall indicate that use of NNSs can help in lowering excess body weight. For example, a systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs on NNS, energy intake and body weight concluded that: "Overall, the balance of evidence indicates that use of LES [low-energy sweeteners] in place of sugar, in children and adults, leads to reduced energy intake and body weight". While there have been some observational studies reporting a positive association between NNS intake and obesity, such studies are not designed to evaluate causality. Moreover, it has been noted repeatedly that interpretation of data from observational studies, with regard to NNS use and body weight gain, is difficult, as reverse causality can exist. That is, the association of use of an NNS with weight gain may be the result of using an NNS in response to gaining weight and not the other way around. Hence, it is imperative to consider the collective body of evidence, and to rely on more definitive studies, such as RCTs, when considering the potential for an NNS to cause weight gain. Webb and colleagues rightly point out that excess body weight can lead to serious health complications for both children and adults. At a time when the rates of obesity continue to increase worldwide for all age groups, health organizations recommend the reduction of free sugars intake to less than 10% of energy intake. The availability of approved NNSs can help achieve this goal, and aid in sound weight control strategies. Given this, and the fact that allegations about NNSs made by Webb et al are not supported by the collective scientific evidence, such claims are irresponsible. High standards in research design and publication are necessary to ensure a balanced interpretation, context, and reporting in research on NNS.


Abstract A one-pot approach to 3-arylmethylene-2-methyl-1,2-benzothiazin -4-(3H)ones 1, 1-dioxide (3) starting from 2-methyl-1,2-benzothiazin-4-one and the appropriate aldehydes, in the presence of sodium methoxide/methanol, is described.


Purpose - – The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the potential of the resource-infrastructure-environment (RIE) index as a supplementary tool to assist policy makers. Design/methodology/approach - – This study undertakes a sensitivity analysis (SA) to assess the responsiveness of the RIE index to potential policy actions on three countries: Australia (mid-industrialised nation), Mexico (emerging economy) and the USA (highly industrialised nation). Findings - – The results show that the RIE framework is capable of accommodating SA to guide the policymakers on the directional changes of the index to measurable changes to its component parts. Research limitations/implications - – Although the initial results seem promising, further refinement of the indicator is required before it can be practically implemented. For instance, the RIE framework has yet to incorporate dimensions to represent distribution and effects of substitution. Originality/value - – The paper undertakes a SA to assess the responsiveness of the RIE index which is an alternative measure of progress for nations that has the capability to capture more aspects important to progress.


In this paper we study the stability of the HD 12661 planetary system in the framework of the N- body problem. Using the initial conditions found and announced by the California & Carnegie Planet Search Team, (http://exoplanets.org/almanacframe.html), we estimate the dynamical limits on orbital parameters that provide sta- ble (quasi-periodic) motions of the system. We investigate the orbital stability by combining the MEGNO indicator analysis with short-term integrations of the orbital dynamics. The MEGNO technique, invented by Cincotta & Simo (2000), makes it possible to distinguish efficiently between chaotic and regular dynamics of a conservative dynamical system. The orbital evo- lution, derived simultaneously with MEGNO, helps to identify sources of instability. The nominal initial condition leads to a chaotic solution, with a Lyapunov time � 1300 yr. In spite of this, the system motion seems to be bounded. This was examined directly, by long-term, 1 Gyr integrations. During this time, the eccentricities vary in the range (0.1, 0.4). The system is locked in apsidal resonance with the critical argument librating about 180 ◦ , with a full amplitude varying typically between 40 ◦ and 180 ◦ . Using MEGNO, we found that the HD 12661 system evolves on a border of the 11:2 mean motion resonance. This reso- nance is stable and results in a quasi-periodic evolution of the system. From the viewpoint of global dynamics, the crucial factor for system stability is the presence of the apsidal resonance. We detected this resonance in a wide neighborhood of the initial condition in the space of orbital parameters of the system, and in wide ranges of relative inclination and masses of the planets. The center of libration can be 180 ◦ (as in the nominal system) or 0 ◦ . The regime depends on the initial values of the apsidal longitudes. Statistically, the system prefers almost exclusively one of these two resonance regimes. The HD 12661 system gives a very evident example of the dynamical role of secular resonances, and their influence on the stability of exosystems containing Jupiter-like planets. Data derived by numerical experiments are compared with the results of Laplace-Lagrange secular theory. The analytical theory gives a crude approximation of the secular dynamics, because the eccentricities and masses of the planets are large, and the nominal system is near the 11:2 mean motion resonance.


The meaning, even the sheer presence, of birds in the Odyssey has been ignored by all but a few scholars. A similar statement could be made about an aphrodisian reading of the text. Yet Homer felt that birds were deeply significant, often as symbols of Aphrodite. Examination of these meanings leads to a unique understanding of essential, underlying values in Homeric culture. Such efforts are consonant with the anthropological goal of understanding how culturally defined natural phenomena work in the articulation, expression, and condensation of powerful, culturally defined emotions.


Glass finds from Polish excavations in Palmyra from 1959 to 1973 in tombs and in Diocletian's Camp, not all of them already published, are reviewed and presented with new photographs and drawings.


In historical period of dry lake bed of Ebinur Lake Southeast,a sampling belt with abundant vegetation type of length of 1 500mand wide 1 000m was chosen to study the seasonal variation and distribution characteristics of the major ions,salinity and organic matter of dry lakebed sedimentary soil in the Ebinur region of Western Dzungaria,Xinjiang Province,China.Soil samples of 0—30cm depth and 30—60cm were collected with auger boring.The results indicated that the average value of salt content of surface soil(0—30cm)accounts for 73.3%of the whole sampling layer(0-60cm)in dry lakebed sediment.The vertical distribution of salinity sediments shows strong surface accumulation.The spatial distribution of soil salinity has undergone great changes from May to October.Soil salinity shows the increasing trend from bottom to top in the vertical profile,soil salinity in autumn is greater than that in summer in the horizontal section.Evaporation plays a significant role in spatial distribution of soil salinity in the dry lakebed.The general rule of spatial variation of different ion in Ebinur Lake dry lakebed is that the coefficient of variation of surface soil is greater than deep soil except Ca2+.The contents of soil organic carbon and organic matter are slightly higher in October than in May.Regulating effect of salt desert plant makes distribution pattern of the surface organic carbon and organic matter change in the process of its life activity.


Since the implementation of the new construction system in 1988 in China, this system has gone through three phases: trial phase(1988-1993),development phase(1993-1995),and comprehensive application phase from 1996.Construction supervision as a new management system has profound effects to the whole process of a construction project, in particular, to the three conventional objectives, that is quality, cost and construction time. The new management system has to a large extent brought the traditional problems of extended construction time, uncontrollable cost and unsecured quality to a normal practice. Construction supervision is a management activity with request of high intelligence. The performance of this activity is closely related to the quality of project general supervision engineer. This paper identifies the basic elements that a proper project general supervision must have. By applying the fuzzy analysis principle, this paper presents a quantitative model for evaluating the quality of project general supervision engineer.It provides an applicable approach for project clients when general supervision engineers are to be chosen.


Director of Thesis: Eli G. Hvastkovs Major Department: Chemistry Bacterial infections are a significant health problem that can be detrimental to the human population. It is estimated that bacterial infections are responsible for billions of dollars' worth of damages in the health care field alone, and numerous deaths annually. Bacterial infections can become so detrimental because they produce a structure called biofilm, which facilitates antibiotic resistance and is a major cause of chronic infections. In order to combat this threat, new anti-biofilm and antibiotic therapies are being developed and their efficiency must be tested. A series of antimicrobial peptides (AMP) containing unnatural Tic-Oic amino acids have been developed for this purpose.


. Monetary policy can affect the economy through a variety of channels. Using quarterly secondary data from 2010: 1 to 2020: 2. This paper examines the bank lending channel to provide new evidence and explain the transmission mechanism in Indonesia. The estimation method used is a Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). The result of the VECM analysis shows that the Monetary Policy transmission mechanism through the bank lending channel still has a weak influence on the output. Therefore, from the demand side, it is necessary to seek new market shares for export purposes, also, to maintain existing ones to restore domestic corporate credit demand, and from the supply side, banks must provide easy access for MSMEs to obtain loans while still prioritizing the principle of prudence.


In patients with lung lesions obtaining histology of the lesion plays an important role in obtaining the diagnosis and therapy planning. Most patients undergo bronchoscopy in order to obtain a tissue sample of the lesion. However, success rates leading to a diagnosis ranges from 30-80% depending on the sampling method (biopsy, fine needle aspiration or bronchoalveolar lavage) (1).


Current research on reconflgurable manufacturing systems (RMSs) only highlights the isolated empirical study with a limited attempt to explore the modeling and design support issues surrounding this economically important class of system development problems. This paper proposes colored object-oriented Petri nets with changeable structures to shed light on how RMSs can dynamically reconfigure system components to accommodate production variations resulting from diverse changes in product design and order quantities. The proposed model is discussed in detail using a case example.


RESUME J. M. Colebrook Institute for Marine Environmental Research, Prospect Place, Plymouth, Devon. UK Received 25/5/77. in revised form 12/9/77, acccpted 26/9/77. Principal components analyses are used to describe the major year-to-year changes in the abundance of the zooplankton of the North-East Atlantic and the North Sea for the period 1948 to 197 5. There is a marked degree of coherence both between species and between different parts of the area. The changes show persistence from year-to-year in the form oflong term trends. The main pattern of differentiation between the species is related to their geographical distributions. Interpretations of the year-to-year changes are presented, based on empirical associations with climatic factors, which suggest that changes in the North Atlantic current, and more localised wind-driven advection play a major role in determining the year-to-year changes.lt would appear the variations in abundance are influenced primarily by densityindependcnt factors. Oceanol. Acta, 1978, 1, 1, 9-23. Prelevements en continu de plancton zooplancton et environnement, Atlantique Nord-Est et Mer du Nord 1948-1975 La methode en composantes principales est utilisee pour decrire des variations annuelles du zooplancton dans l'Atlantique Nord-Est et la Mer du Nord pendant la periode 19481975. Il existe un fort degre de coherence a la fois entre les especes et les differentes parties de la zone. Les variations montrent une certaine persistance d'annee en annee sous la forme de tendances a long terme. La caracteristique principale de discrimination entre les especes est liee a leurs reparti.tions geographiques. Des interpretations des variations annuelles sont presentees. Elles sont fondees sur des associations empiriques avec des facteurs climatiques, ce qui suggere que des changements dans le courant Nord Atlantique et des phenomenes d'advection a echelle locale sous l'effet du vent jouent un role important en provoquant des variations annuelles. Il semblerait que les variations d'abondance soient influencees principalement par des facteurs independants de la densite. Oceanol. Acta, 1978, 1, 1, 9-23.


Paprika (Capsicum annuum var Grossum) is a prospective horticultural commodity to be developed in Indonesia, so the production needs to be increased. However, paprika is included as a perishable commodity, so it affects the quality and shelf life. Postharvest technology that can maintain quality and extend the shelf life of horticultural products is edible coating. Gelatin and chitosan are materials that can be used as coatings. The experiment aimed to determine the effect of edible coating types on the quality of green peppers in the form of water content, weight loss, and color components (Lightness, a*, and b*). This experiment was carried out from October 2022 to March 2023 at the Horticulture Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran. The experiment used a completely randomized design consisting of 6 treatments, namely control (without edible coating) stored 0 days, control (without edible coating), 5% Gelatin, 10% Gelatin, 1% Chitosan, and 2% Chitosan stored 8 days and repeated 4 times. The results showed that there was an effect of edible coating on the moisture content and weight loss of the peppers, but did not affect the color components in the form of Lightness (L*), a*, and b*. Chitosan 2% could maintain the moisture content of green peppers during storage for 8 days, while treatment with 5% gelatin and 2% chitosan resulted in lower weight loss compared to the control.


O ptic neuritis after inactivated and live-attenuated influenza vaccination is rare, with fewer than 30 cases reported to date. The association and pathophysiology remain controversial. Although some authors have concluded that there is insufficient evidence to support a causal relationship between the influenza vaccine and optic neuritis, others have found the time course of symptom onset in the setting of a negative work-up for known causes of optic neuritis to be convincing support for an association (1,2). In this study, we present a case of bilateral optic neuritis occurring 1 week after influenza vaccination in a child whose identical twin received the same vaccine without visual or other adverse effects. A previously healthy 6-year-old girl developed bilateral vision loss 1 week after receiving the intramuscular quadrivalent (inactivated) influenza vaccine. Her identical twin received the same vaccination without subsequent changes in vision. There was no family history of autoimmune, ocular, or neurologic disorders. Our patient had no previous medical problems. At presentation to the emergency department, her visual acuities were hand motion in the right eye and counting fingers in the left with no afferent pupillary defect (APD). Examination revealed severe optic disc swelling with vessel obscuration bilaterally and peripapillary hemorrhages on the left. There were no anterior chamber cells, vitreous cells, or macular exudates in either eye. MRI of the brain, orbits, and spinal cord with and without intravenous (IV) contrast showed increased T2/FLAIR signal and abnormal enhancement in the retrobulbar optic nerves bilaterally (Fig. 1A, B), but no white matter lesions in the brain or spinal cord (Fig. 1C). Cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed 1,000 red blood cells/ mL, 5 nucleated cells (WBC)/mL, protein level of 23 mg/ dL, and glucose level of 58 mg/dL. There were no oligoclonal bands, positive cultures, Lyme antibodies, aquaporin4 antibodies, or evidence of any of the following by polymerase chain reaction in the CSF: Epstein–Barr virus, herpes simplex virus, and varicella-zoster virus. Serologic testing was also negative for culture growth, Lyme antibodies, and aquaporin-4 antibodies; white blood cell count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, and angiotensin-converting enzyme levels were normal. After 5 days of IV methylprednisolone, visual acuities improved to 20/20, and she recognized 10/10 Ishihara color plates with each eye. The patient was discharged to home without a steroid taper. Six days after her last dose of IV steroids, the patient experienced decreased vision in the left eye. Examination showed visual acuities of 20/25 in the right eye and no light perception in the left eye. There was a left APD. Ophthalmoscopy showed mild atrophy of the right optic disc from her initial inflammation and swelling of the left optic disc (Fig. 2). Optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer showed average thicknesses of 144 mm in the right eye and 203 mm in the left eye, consistent bilateral disc edema. The patient started oral prednisolone 2 mg/kg/day; 2 weeks later, her visual acuities returned to 20/20 with normal color vision (14/14 Ishihara plates) in each eye. Optic disc swelling in the left eye had resolved, leaving mild pallor of both optic discs. The oral steroid dose was tapered over the subsequent 4 weeks without recurrence of vision loss. At her last follow-up evaluation (11 weeks after the influenza vaccination and 10 weeks after initial vision loss), neuro-ophthalmic examination was stable. To the best of our knowledge, she has remained without recurrence off steroids over the past 2 years. Although optic neuritis after influenza vaccination is extremely rare—reported to occur at a rate of 0.003 cases per 100,000 doses of H1N1 (influenza A) vaccine. Published cases have helped to characterize the clinical manifestations (3). Similar to our patient's presentation, symptoms typically occur within 2–6 weeks of influenza vaccination. Vision typically deteriorates to hand motions or worse, but most patients experience full recovery after oral and/or IV steroids. By contrast, untreated patients in previous cases developed optic atrophy and permanent visual loss (4). Optic neuritis after influenza and other vaccinations has been hypothesized to fall under a spectrum of clinical syndromes known as autoimmune/inflammatory clinical syndromes induced by adjuvants (ASIA)—an immune reaction to adjuvants. Adjuvants are specific protein substances added to vaccines to augment antigen-specific immune responses to enhance vaccine efficacy (4). ASIA syndrome, also known as Shoenfeld syndrome, was first Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Science (EL, AF) and Neurology (AF), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.


This article is a partial exploration of the relevance and usefulness of "models" for rural development in China. Dating back to the days of the Border Regions and guerrilla bases of the 1930s, the Chinese Communist Party has publicized the advanced (xianjin) and the model (mofan) units, rewarding them symbolically and materially, and holding them up for study and emulation. Sometimes these designations are awarded to individuals, sometimes to entire work units, that is, factories and industrial enterprises, agricultural teams (shengchandui), brigades (da dui), or entire communes. There have been widespread longterm national campaigns centered on models: for example, the Lei Feng campaigns that have surfaced periodically over the past three decades, glorifying an ordinary soldier who embodies the virtues of hard work, thrift, consideration for others, dedication to the Party and the Motherland, and self-sacrifice. Or there was the two-decade-long campaign to "learn from Dazhai," singling out a poor mountain village that reportedly followed the path of self-reliance. Using collective effort and sacrifice to transform the natural environment, laboriously building terraces and irriga-


The key technique and basic theory of FEM simulation in hot forging are introduced in this paper. The heading process of the high temperature alloy (GH4169) bolt is simulated by using a certain FEM software successfully. Thus, the metal flow under deformation and the optimization design of die are analyzed.


The study aimed to determine the influence of land, seed, fertilizer, labor and income of direct seeding wetland rice farming system on its rice production in Dolago village, South Parigi subdistrict of Parigi Moutong District. The experiment was conducted from December 2015 to February 2016. The results showed that the land area (X1), the seeds (X2), fertilizers (X3) and the labor (X4) had simultaneously significant effect on the production of the direct seeding wetland rice farming system. This is indicated by the F -counted equal to 262.585> F -table 3.828 at α level of 1% suggesting the acceptance of H 1 . Partially the land area, the seeds, and the fertilizer are highly significant as shown by their t -counted of 8.35, 5.959, and 3.334, respectively are > t -table (2.423) at α level of 1% while the labor is significant (t -counted (2.235)> t -table (1.684) at α level of 5%. The average income of the respondent farmers is IDR 24,308,874.35/1.13 ha or IDR 21,449,006.79/ha. Key W ords : Production, income, wetland rice.


In this study, the field experiments were conducted to study the effects of different proportions of vermicompost (without vermicompost, 1800 kg ha vermicompost, 2400 kg ha vermicompost, 3000 kg ha vermicompost, 3600 kg ha vermicompost) on the flue-cured tobacco economic traits and tobacco internal quality. Results showed that the application of 3000 kg ha vermicompost in the field significantly increased the contents of nicotine, total nitrogen and potassium, enhanced the ratio of potassium to chloride, coordinated the chemical ingredients of tobacco leaves, improved the sensory quality, and made flue-cured tobacco as high-quality tobacco. Therefore, application of 3000 kg ha vermicompost proved to be more effective in improving economic benefits and internal quality of tobacco. Such effects were associated with increased contents of carotene degradation products, Maillard reaction products, cembratriendid alkyl degrading products and other aromatic compositions in flue-cured tobacco leaves by vermicompost and with improved intrinsic quality of tobacco.


New algorithms are needed to solve electromagnetic problems using today's widely available parallel processors. In this paper, we show that applying the optimized waveform relaxation approach to a partial element equivalent circuit will yield a powerful technique for solving electromagnetic problems with the potential for a large number of parallel processor nodes.


Law is a kind of concept which needs to be interpreted ceaselessly,and application of law should be on the premise of interpretation of law.Judicial restraint or judicial activism impersonates derives from two distinct judicial philosophy of the interpreter of law,of which the focus of divergence of the two lies in the confine and limit of discretionary power which judge could perform.In recent years the scholars praised highly of judicial activism,but frequently misreading its meaning.In practice,judicial activism is in judge's good graces and they have almost unlimited butout-of-order interpretation of law.It is pressing that the judge should pursue judicial restraint and interpret the law strictly in conformity to the rule and then construct the adjudication rule in a conservative manner.


The current situation of DSP teaching was investigated and analyzed. Content and method of teaching are discussed based on the different teaching objectives proposed according to the "outstanding engineer education plan". The lecture,discussion,practice and evaluation are organic combined to arouse the interest of student better and improve the training quality,which has been carried out in teaching practice and accepted by employer,university,teacher and student together.


: The idea of cyber-physical systems (CPS) is the incorporation of computation processes and physical processes which can help towards the recognition of real smart cities capable to ensure sustainability and efficiency. IoT refers to the junction of Internet technology using RFID, sensors and smart objects. Sensor based hardware, data collection, management of data, mining of data and WWW (World Wide Web) are the latest trend technologies used in IoT. The major security challenges are considered as the key issues for the consideration. They include data confidentiality, privacy and trust issues. This paper identifies some of the key issues, applications and challenges of IoT facing in the real world today. CPS along with their cyber-physical object (CPO) is the key elements in the context of a smart city nature.


Presbycusis, or hearing loss associated with the aging process, is one of the most common chronic conditions afflicting the older adult population today. Almost half the population over 65 years exhibits some degree of hearing impairment.1-4 The major consequence of presbycusis is difficulty in communication, particularly in noisy and/or reverberant listening situations.5-7 Due to these communicative difficulties, reduced psychosocial functioning in this population has often been reported. In particular, declines in social interaction, intimate relations, self-concept, psychological status, and cognition have been noted.3,8-13 For example, Mulrow et al. evaluated the effect of hearing loss on quality of life in older men.3 Results revealed that the presence of hearing loss was highly associated with decline in emotional, social, and communication performance. Additionally, Sherer and Frisina evaluated the effects of minimal hearing impairment on quality of life.14 This investigation found that the subjects with hearing impairment reported greater communicative, social, and emotional handicap, as well as lower selfesteem and social satisfaction, than did individuals without measurable hearing loss. In addition to psychosocial effects, hearing loss has also been shown to compromise physical health status.8,15,16 Carabellese et al. reported that elderly persons with hearing deficit were at an increased risk for difficulties in accomplishing activities of daily living.8 Additionally, Bess et al. reported that presbycusis was associated with an increased incidence of health-related diseases, such as hypertension, ischemic heart disease, arrhythmias, and osteoarthritis.15 Moreover, this study indicated that the greater the hearing impairment, the greater the prevalence of these healthrelated dysfunctions. One possible solution to the aforementioned declines in psychosocial and functional health status is the use of amplification. Past studies have revealed that persons using amplification reported fewer depressive feelings, richer social relationships, and higher quality of life than those who did not.17,18 For example, Mulrow et al. evaluated elderly veterans with hearing impairment after the provision of hearing aids.18 They noted improvements in social, emotional, and communication areas. Crandell found that the use of amplification could also positively affect functional health status.19 In his study, 20 elderly individuals with mild to severe sensorineural hearing loss were evaluated via the Sickness Impact Profile (SIP),20 the Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36),21 and the Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit (APHAB).22 The forms were administered before the fitting of hearing aids and at 3 and 6 months afterward. APHAB scores indicated improved communicative function with the use of amplification. After 3 months of hearing aid use, statistically significant improvements in physical and psychosocial functioning, as measured by the SIP, were noted. This positive trend remained stable for 6 months after the initial fitting. Although not statistically significant, slight improvements in the SF-36 were also noted. Although prior studies have evaluated the psychosocial and functional health benefits of hearing aids, none have examined the benefits of frequency modulation (FM) systems. When a personal FM system is employed, the speaker's voice is picked up via an FM wireless microphone located near his/her mouth where the detrimental effects of reverberation and noise are minimal. The acoustic signal is then converted to an electrical waveform and transmitted via an FM signal to a receiver tuned to the same frequency. The electrical signal is then amplified, converted back to an acoustical waveform, and conveyed to the listener. We are currently conducting research on the possible psychosocial and physical health benefits of hearing aids that incorporate recent FM technologies.


Neuroscience has allowed unprecedented access to the process of the minds of decision makers. The findings from this field have enormous impact for negotiators and mediators. This article discusses ways in which neuroscience should influence the understanding and practice of negotiation and mediation.


The randomizer of C-language work generally in 16 bits. It can not meet the practical needs in 32 bits or higher environment. This paper put forward two methods of constructing randomizer in the Fractal applications: (1) The randomizer satisfing the Gauss normal distribution N(0,1) is constructed basing on central limit theorem of the probability theory; (2) The random sequence is created basing on the Chaos principle. There is not only randomness inside the random sequence but also in random sequence itself. Last part introduces an example of application result.


The so called «school failure», for which we present an original definition, represents a complex phenomenon that is extended throughout Ibero-America, even though there is a significant disparity between countries and regions. We are facing something that generates unease and inequality, and with an impact that goes beyond school walls. In these pages, we approach school failure from a mainly pedagogical pespective. All in all, we acknowledge that school performance in every educational level is the result of a constellation of factors. For this reason, after doing our own research, the reflecting and checking the correspondent bibliography, this article gives a outlook of the determining factors o school performance in high school. At the same time, we present, more o less explicitly, proposals to improve the student's learning process.


The goal of this article was researching the possibility of using berry products for enhancement of antioxidant properties of food products. In order to achieve this goal, an initial assessment of antioxidant activity of juice and millcake extracts was carried out for various berries: viburnum, honeyberry, strawberry, black currant and cranberry. It was determined that viburnum berry juice possessed the highest antioxidant activity among the juice; black currant extract possessed the highest antioxidant activity among the millcake. Viburnum juice and black currant millcake were used as berry semi-finished product in the formula of pastille products. Two types of pastilles were produced by the developed process formulas, and an assessment of their quality was carried out. The research was carried out based on a complex of parameters which included: organoleptic parameters, density, total acidity, moisture content, and antioxidant activity. It was determined, that inclusion of berry products into the formula of pastille products allows obtaining high-quality products complying with requirements of the current regulatory documents, which were highly evaluated by consumers. The article presents results of tasting analysis, carried out with the use of a tasting scale elaborated by the authors. The research of antioxidant activity of finished pastille products showed that provided taking into account the regularities of adding berry products to the pastille product formula, the loss of antioxidant properties in the production process are insignificant. Antioxidant activity of pastille with added berry products excelled the reference sample practically twice. Comparison of pastille samples containing berry products showed that antioxidant properties of the pastille with viburnum berry juice were 17% higher than of the pastille with black currant millcake. Thus, the conducted research proved applicability of berry semi-finished products for obtaining products with enhanced antioxidant properties.


Artocarpus altilis (Family: Moraceae) is commonly referred to as breadfruit as it is similar to freshly baked bread. Synonyms of Artocarpus altilis are Artocarpus communis and Artocarpus incisus. Basically Artocarpus species consists of phenolic compounds which include flavonoids, stilbenoids, arylbenzofurons and Jacalin, a lectin. Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) is originated from A. camansi Blanco (bread nut) which is native to New Guinea, Moluccas (Indonesia) and the Philippines. Many on-going researches are testing the pharmacological activities of Artocarpus altilis. Some of the researches that are being carried out on this plant includes anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antifungal, sexual behavior, immunomodulatory effect, antidiabetic effect and antibacterial effect. This review will help to provide detailed information on recent researches done on this plant.


The main task of kidneys is removing waste materials like urea and toxins resulting from metabolism of the body. Other functions of the kidneys are regulating water balance and electrolytes, acid and alkali balance adjustment, the secretion of a hormone-like substances and so on. When the kidneys are impaired in their work and the toxic waste are accumulated in the blood, it can cause diabetes or increase blood pressure. A quarter of people with diabetes need kidney dialysis. Remove waste materials and toxins from the blood, dialysis makes the kidneys work better. In this paper, waste material level in the blood has been investigated after dialysis using modeling software Metmatyka and drawing chart of required time to reach waste material level to the normal level in blood.


Edge localized modes (ELMs) represent a challenge to future fusion devices, owing to cyclical high peak heat fluxes on divertor plasma facing surfaces. One ameliorating factor has been that the heat flux characteristic profile width has been observed to broaden with the size of the ELM, as compared with the inter-ELM heat flux profile. In contrast, the heat flux profile has been observed to narrow during ELMs under certain conditions in NSTX. Here we show that the ELM heat flux profile width increases with the number of filamentary striations observed, i.e. profile narrowing is observed with zero or very few striations. Because NSTX often lies on the long wavelength current-driven mode side of ideal MHD instabilities, few filamentary structures can be expected under many conditions. ITER is also projected to lie on the current driven low-n stability boundary, and therefore detailed projections of the unstable modes expected in ITER and the heat flux driven in ensuing filamentary structures is needed.


In order to meet the social requirements for comprehensive talents,the practice of forestry entomology course was reformed.With the learning objectives made clear,the teaching content,teaching methods and appraisal system were reformed,the theoretical teaching and practice teaching were organically integrated,the teaching content was optimized and classified,and the teaching methods and appraisal system were reformed.


Abstract The mode of action of three types of conjugated enamine compounds was investigated by means of thermoluminescence measurement. Cyanoacrylate and 2-(l-ethoxyethylam inom ethylidene)- 4-dodecyl-5,5-dim ethyl-cyclohexane-1,3-dione (ACm12) converted the B-band (30 °C) arising from S2QB- charge recombination to a downshifted 6 °C-band. This band was proved to be identical with the DCM U-induced Q-band (6 °C) arising from S2QA- recombination, indicating that these two compounds block QA to QB electron transport. 3-(1-dodecylam inopropyridene)-6- methyl-2H-pyran-2,4-dione (APp12 ), on the other hand, induced an abnormal band peaking at 15 °C between the Q-band and B-band. From the gradual downshift of its peak temperature in titration experiments, this band was assigned to arise from a modified S2QB- charge pair, in which the properties of either QB- or S2 is altered. The 15 °C-band showed normal oscillation during the first 2 flashes, but the oscillation was interrupted thereafter. Another therm oluminescence analysis by use of post flash low temperature illumination protocol revealed that APp12 affects neither QA to QB nor QB2- to PQ electron transport, but specifically blocks S3 to S0 transition. These results indicate that APp12 is a new-type PS II inhibitor.


Based on characteristics of MPEG 2 video coding system,the HG algorithm is discussed in this paper,which is a typical digital video watermarking algorithm in the compressed stream To optimize this system,the dynamic strategy is introduced to control the quantity of embedding information and modulation amplitude of embedding information in DCT domain Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can more rationally and effectively embed watermark information than the original algorithm,while the complexity of watermarking system markedly reduced


The container truck is an important factor affecting the efficiency of the container yard in the container terminal. The traditional schedule of container trucks is based on operation queues. The schedule of this paper is based on pool strategy, and loading and unloading containers are operating at the same time. This paper considers transporting time of container trucks and operating time of yard cranes, and constructs math model, targeting the minimum of time about container trucks. Immune and tabu-search algorithm is put forward for solving the model. The results of the experiment prove that pool strategy improves the efficiency of container trucks and yard cranes comparing to operation queues, and then improves the efficiency of the yard.


Among avian species with biparental care, male alternative reproductive opportunities can occur in the form of either extrapair fertilizations or additional social mates. We manipulated testosterone (T) levels in male house sparrows to assess whether participation in parental care detracts from male success in securing alternative matings; we also compared the annual reproductive success of males that engaged in normal levels of care with the success of males that displayed increased mating effort at the expense of parental care. Our results showed that the incidence of polygyny among high-T/low-parenting males was elevated relative to control males, but that success in obtaining extrapair mates was independent of hormonal treatment. Thus, male parental care seems to carry an opportunity cost in terms of reduced acquisition of additional social mates. Despite this cost, between-treatment comparisons of the estimated number of fledglings sired annually suggest that, in this species, the value of male contributions to care is sufficiently high to favor the reductions in T that facilitate normal male parenting.


The poloidal field coils on the Alcator C-Mod Tokamak are manufactured from C107 or C110 half hard copper strip. A copper C10100 flag is joined to the ends of the coil turns in order to transfer the current from the coaxial leads. The coil design requires that any joint made between the flag and the coil turn be as strong, statically and in fatigue, as the coil strip. Standard methods such as welding, brazing and hard soldering would reduce the tensile strength by annealing the copper in the area of the joint. A soft solder connection with a full lap joint was not considered due to a premature failure in an initial test. In investigating alternative joining methods, tests were performed on samples of electrodeposited copper provided by the A.J. Tuck Co., of Brookfield, Connecticut. The tests showed that the joint met C-Mod structural specifications at 77K. Encouraged by these results, M.I.T., embarked on a testing program involving electroformed butt joints. Through an extensive engineering-program, reliable electroformed joints were obtained in production. The production engineering involved the construction of a special facility to control the process parameters. Details are presented here for duplicating this facility.


One approach for educating students with disabilities in general education settings is cooperative teaching. Through use of an open-ended, non-directed dialogue journal maintained by two teachers of their perceptions as a cooperative teaching team, this article examined their perspectives and experiences, and the evolution of their relationship. The factors that contributed to the development of their relationship and implications of the findings for teachers, administrators, and teacher trainers are discussed.


The problem of assessing the information capacity of images is rather complicated and has many different aspects. This paper addressed the problem of quantifying the information capacity of images. The low accuracy of estimating the information capacity of the image based on the use of the classical approach to assessing the informativeness of signals using Shannon's information entropy is demonstrated. The purpose of this work is to enhance the accuracy of assessing the information capacity of images. To this end, a new approach to assessing the information capacity of the image based on the provisions of information theory and theory of contrast is proposed. The basis of the proposed approach is the analysis of the joint distribution of image brightness and the distribution of brightness increments. The proposed approach is based on measuring the average amount of information about the joint distribution of brightness, about the magnitude of brightness increments, as well as about the location of intervals of increment in the brightness scale. The proposed assessment and its components can be used to analyze various aspects of image quality and estimate the information capacity of the image. The proposed approach increases the accuracy and reliability of the assessment of statistical characteristics and information potential of the image.


Patrick Moore was the archetype of the English eccentric, bringing a passionate enthusiasm for astronomy to the general public, principally through his long-running television series The Sky at Night. He was an inspired amateur who made no pretence at being a professional, but who had the extraordinary ability to communicate in simple, articulate and direct language the significance of advances in astronomy and astrophysics to the general public. He inspired generations of young people to take an interest in astronomy, and in science in general. This passion was combined with a love of everything English, especially cricket, and political views which might be mildly described as extreme right-wing.


Objective:To research the relationship between the time rhythm of five viscera mastering and the onset time rhythm of the AMI with different TCM syndromes. Methods: After questionnaire investigation, 155 patients were given TCM syndromes differentiations. Their informations were used to research the AMI onest rhythm from the theory of TCM time medicine. Results: From December to April next year,excess syndromes of AMI were much more than deficiency syndromes. The onest times of excess syndromes, deficiency syndromes, deficiency and excess syndromes was respectively Xiabu, Rizhong and Pingdan. The phlegm and blood stasis syndrome of AMI was more than those which are not syndrome of phlegm or blood stasis. The peak-time of AMI with phlegm and blood stasis syndrome and without syndrome of phlegm or blood stasis syndrome is respectively in Xiabu and Rizhong. In Yeban, AMI patients of phlegm and blood stasis syndrome are more than those without phlegm or blood stasis syndrome. Conclusion: The onest of AMI is a certain time rhythm. From December to April next year, the peak-times of different TCM syndromes in AMI have relationships to the five viscera mastering.


Seira dowlingi (Wray, 1953) is recorded for the first time in Peru and Brazil from five states, including Fernando de Noronha archipelago plus a new record from United States. These new records support that S. dowlingi has a wide distribution in Neotropical Region, and expanded to 34 the number of species of Seira Lubbock, 1870 found in Brazil. In addition, our revision excluded the record of Seira domestica (Nicolet, 1842) for Brazil.