To mitigate the problems caused by bus route overlap in the transit network, this paper proposes a new scheduling method with both large and small vehicle types based on passenger OD (Origin-Destination) data. The minimum of total cost of passenger travel time and bus company operation is taken as the optimization objective, departure intervals and vehicle types are taken as the optimization variables. The impact of route overlap on passenger travel time is analyzed. A heuristic algorithm is developed to solve the optimization model to produce the departure time and vehicle type for each bus trip. Finally, three real bus routes in Harbin city are taken as an example to validate the proposed model using peak-hour data. Compared with the model without considering route overlap, the proposed model can reduce total passenger travel time and cost by 5.2% and 8.8% respectively.


A virtual cathode oscillator(VCO) with an axially extracted TE_(10) mode of rectangular waveguide is investigated in this paper.It can emit microwaves axially through an antenna without mode converter or transition waveguide,making the system more simple and compact.The PIC simulation is carried out to investigate VCO.Microwave power of 500 MW is obtained with an electron beam of 400 keV and 8.9 kA,which can be obtained experimentally from the TomaChan accelerator in our laboratory.The beam-to-microwave efficiency is 14%.The frequency and mode of the generated microwave are very pure.These results can provide a possible method for building a compact high-power microwave device.


We first consider an extension of the generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model that allows for a more flexible weighting of financial squared-returns for the filtering of volatility. The parameter for the squared-return in the GARCH model is time- varying with an updating function similar to GARCH but with the squared-return replaced by the product of the volatility innovation and its lagged value. This local estimate of the first order autocorrelation of volatility innovations acts as an indicator of the importance of the squared-return for volatility updating. When recent volatility innovations have the same sign (positive autocorrelation), the current volatility estimate needs to adjust more quickly than in a period where recent volatility innovations have mixed signs (negative autocorrelation). The empirical relevance of the accelerated GARCH updating is illustrated by forecasting daily volatility in return series of all individual stocks present in the Standard & Poor's 500 index. Major improvements are reported for those stock return series that exhibit high kurtosis. The local adjustment in weighting new observational information is generalised to score-driven time-varying parameter models of which GARCH is a special case. It is within this general framework that we provide the theoretical foundations of accelerated updating. We show that acceleration in updating is more optimal in terms of reducing Kullback-Leibler divergence and in comparison to fixed updating. The robustness of our proposed extension is highlighted in a simulation study within a misspecified modelling framework. The score-driven acceleration is also empirically illustrated with the forecasting of US inflation using a model with time-varying mean and variance; we report significant improvements in the forecasting accuracy at a yearly horizon.


Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has been the favored technique for treating symptomatic cholelithiasis. LC has several benefits over the normal open cholecystectomy: negligible traumas, reduced pains, shorter hospitalization, acceptable cosmetic outcomes, rapid recovery, and back to work. Aim and objectives: The aim of this study was to identify the predictors of safe LC. Patients and methods: This prospective study was performed among 500 patients underwent LC who was attending to Al-Hussein Hospital, Al-Azhar University from January 2019 to June 2021. Cases with cholecystitis either acute or chronic, patients with age equal or more than 18 years old, and both sexes were included. While patients with age lower than 18 years old, patients with common bile duct (CBD) stone, pregnancy or patients with bleeding tendency history were excluded. Results: Upon assessing factors associated with postoperative complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy, the male gender was statistically significantly correlated with complications while a non-significant change was found among complications and other sociodemographic variables. A significant association was found among WBCs, total bilirubin, ALT, AST, and complications while a non-significant association was found among gall bladder thickness and complications. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study evaluated the parameters that expect the complications in LC. Patient factors included male sex, leukocytic count, ALT and AST.


As a part of the study on cooking of tasteful rice with gas cooker, the heating period before boiling , was determined. Several measurements were also performed on cooking rice by using a Bunkanabe. The results obtained were as follows. Sensory evaluation : Regardless of the quantity of rice (2/5, 4/5) in the cooker, rice was cooked under the conditions of boiling after short (4 mins.), intermediate (6, 10 and 12 mins.) or long (15 and 24 mins.) period of heating. These three kinds of rice preparations were tested. It was found that the rice prepared at the intermediate period were more tasteful than the others at 1% level of significance. As for the rice quantity randomly sampled, the flow rate of gas was controlled within the range of 4.1~5.7 1 /min (4.5kcal/m3). Under these cooking conditions, the rice boiled in 6 to 12 mins. was found to be the most tasteful. Measurements : The follwing are the results obtained from measurements regarding rice preparations of the short, intermediate and long periods before boiling, respectively. 1) The water contents at the end of cooking were 61%, 62~63% and 64%. When measured at the time of boiling, the correvalues at the end of cooking were 78%, 81~86% and 98・100%. 2) The ratios of weight were 2.0, 2.1 and 2.2, the ratios of increase in volume were 2.2, 2.3 and 2.4 • 2.5. 3) The values as expressd in terms of kneading resistance were 347 gcm, 250~278 gcm and 206・222 gcm. 4) The rates of dehydration were 12.6%, 12.7% and 14.1%. 5) The rates of gelatinization at the time of boiling were 58.0%, 59.1・74.5% and 94.2%. The rates of gelatinization measured after cooking were very similar to one another, irrespective of the period before boiling. All of them exceeded 96%. 6) The contents of reducing sugar at the time of boiling were 76 mg%, 130・141 mg% and 333mg%. At the end of cooking, these contents were 115 mg%, 203・236 mg% and 378 mg%. 7) Grains of cooked rice at the time of boiling were taken as samples from the cooked rice preparations of 4, 10 and 24 mins.


The object of this study is the durability / degradation evaluation of a 26-year-old photovoltaic (PV) monocrystalline silicon (c-Si) system located in Phoenix, Arizona (a hot-dry desert condition). This first of a kind neighborhood solar power plant, called Solar One, was built by developer John F. Long. This 4000-frameless-module bipolar system was originally installed with a rated capacity of 175 kW (17° fixed south tilt). This paper presents only the degradation rates of the modules, and the degradation and failure modes of this power plant are presented in another paper of this conference. The system was shown to degrade approximately at a rate of 2.3% per year with no apparent potential induced degradation (PID) effect in either polarity. The power plant is currently operating at less than 40% (<;70 kW) of its rated capacity (175 kW). The resulting study showed that degradation was a direct result of several factors including: Module construction materials, module design, vandalism, installation methods and hot-dry environmental conditions of Phoenix. Ultimately, intensive encapsulation browning (leading to current loss - largest cause for power loss) and higher series resistance (potentially due to solder bond fatigue leading to fill factor loss) were determined to be the primary causes for the degradation loss.


Abstract : Sixty five percent of Army housing units are more than 25 years old and are likely to have surfaces painted with lead based paint. Lead contaminated structures require remediation to meet current regulatory mandates and to ensure a safe living environment. Once lead is removed, abatement waste must be disposed in an environmentally responsible manner. Lead based paint removed during abatement may contaminate groundwater with excessive lead levels if improperly disposed. Proper site selection for the pollutant disposal and the use of liners are the primary techniques currently available for minimizing the potential for groundwater contamination. Investigation of lead mobility in soil, and the variables that affect its leachability are needed to minimize future contamination of water supplies and to avoid the high expenses associated with remediation. This study investigated fulvic acid, one parameter that affects the transport of lead in the subsurface. Laboratory bench tests indicated that the sorption of lead on clay materials was enhanced by the presence of fulvic acid. This study also recommends that these results not be used in isolation, without accounting for the many other parameters that may also affect the movement of lead in the subsurface.


The aging population of China is becoming increasingly more prominent, thus increasing the burden on medical resources. Therefore, the use of data mining technology to improve the efficiency of disease diagnosis has the following important significance. For hospitals, such technology can reduce the cost of providing one-on-one guidance to patients and the probability of registration errors. For patients, it can save time and energy spent on hospital visits; in addition, through remote access, patients can follow the automated guidance at home to complete registration, thereby enhancing admission efficiency. For internet users, such technology enables self-checking of these users' health conditions on a regular basis; based on certain main symptoms, possible diseases can be pre-diagnosed, thus providing a risk warning. Online medical guidance has become a very important step. To this end, we focus on employing the data mining technology to enhance the performance of online medical guidance. In this paper, we propose a medical diagnosis method called the named entity recognition method and a convolutional neural network model. We apply our proposed method and model as an innovative framework for hospitalization guidance to provide human-like, comprehensive and informative automated medical consultations. We perform experiments on real-world datasets. The experimental results show that our methods achieve state-of-the-art performance compared with baselines.


In today's dynamic, fast world, many IT organizations are shifting their focus towards global software development to utilize every possible benefit across geography. This provides an opportunity for many practitioners across the globe to undertake an assignment for their betterment. Though, they undertake assignments with confidence, they face multiple challenge in the working environment to gain trust from various stakeholders. This paper provides a design approach to measure the risk factors of the global practitioners in an IT organization. It proposes a MultiAgent Simulation Model (MASM) to measure the risk of global practitioners to gain trust from various stakeholders in Global Software Development (GSD). This work highlights the sequential activities for measuring the risk and their attributes concern using multi-agent. These agents execute their task based on activities and gather the data relevant for measurement. The overall risk for a global practitioner is stated and ready for development.


Archiel Buagas, RN, came to the United States from the Philippines three years ago hoping that a nursing job she'd obtained through a recruitment agency would open doors to a better way of life. But shortly after arriving in the country, Buagas learned she would be working for a different employer at a lower hourly wage than the employer with whom she'd signed a contract. She said the job switch was just the first in a string of broken promises that included inadequate training, improper paperwork and cramped, poorly heated housing.


To obtain more refined measure of growth the q-proximate type is constructed for a class of generalized biaxially symmetric potentials (GBASP's). Finally, we obtain lower q−proximate type for GBASP's. Our results generalize some results of Kumar [7].


Objective:To learn the application of general anesthesia combined with epidural anesthesia for abdominal surgery in the elderly patients.Methods:Abdominal surgery in elderly patients were randomly assigned 2 groups,using general anesthesia alone(A group) and general anesthesia combined with epidural anesthesia(B group).Results:General anesthesia combined with epidural anesthesia group of patients with spontaneous breathing time,pull out the trachea time and fully awake time significantly shorter than the general anesthesia group;fentanyl,propofol,vecuronium and enflurane ether four anesthesia were maintained the amount of anesthetic significantly less than the general anesthesia group,a statistically significant difference.Conclusion:General anesthesia combined with epidural anesthesia can be used as a safe and effective anesthesia in elderly patients with abdominal surgery,good clinical valuable.


Detection of trends is important in a variety of areas. Scientific research is no exception. While several methods have been proposed for trend detection, we argue that there is value on using semantics-based techniques. In particular, we demonstrate the value of using a taxonomy of topics together with data extraction to create a dataset relating publications to topics in the taxonomy. Compared to other approaches, our method does not have to process the content of the publications. Instead, it uses metadata elements such as keywords and abstracts. Using such dataset, we show that a semantics-based approach can detect "bursty" and "emerging" research topic trends. Additionally, our method identifies researchers involved at the early stage of trends. We use known lists of recognized and prolific authors to validate that many of the researchers identified at the early stage of trends have indeed been recognized for their contributions on important research trends.


Band structure and electron density of states of single-wall zigzag carbon nanotube are analytically computed using nearest neighbor tight binding (NNTB) approximation and theory of linear combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO). DOS is calculated by varying cylindrical dimension, lattice index and neighboring atomic distance. Results show that magnitude of peak of DOS increases with decreasing radius of the tube, lowering bandgap and decreasing of nearest neighbor distance. Wave-vector dependent Hamiltonian is calculated by solving time-independent Schrodinger equation to study band structure. Bandgap is also computed for the two lowest modes only as a function of nearest neighbor distance for different semiconducting tubes. With increase of distance between neighboring atoms and decreasing lattice index, bandgap of semiconducting nanotube linearly increases. For higher order mode, bandgap increases with significant rate compared to the lowest mode. Results can be utilized in developing zigzag CNT-based devices and circuits.


The research work on Torque and Drag was reviewed,and a new method on calculation of Torque and Drag was put forward based on drilling string system dynamics.The drilling string system dynamics model considerated of lognitudinal and transverse and torsional vibration of drilling string,the collision between drilling string and well wall,the friction between well wall and drilling string,the sticky damping between slurry and drilling string,curve effect of kinetic drilling string caused by slurry in drilling string,differential pressure effect of stratum,the plus effect of resistance caused by flection,and interaction of drilling bit and rock,etc..Special Torque and Drag calculation software was developed,and some history cases were simulated and gained some conclusions.The dynamic Torque and Drag calculation was studied for the first time.This new method and special software are quite helpful for the study of drilling string dynamics and analysis of some field questions.


The background of the work resumed in this paper is a project that proposes a methodology based on the use of a Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) system, combined with the development and analysis of Finite Elements Models (FEM) of the structure, introducing an innovative approach for the seismic behaviour assessment of great long viaducts during a seismic event. FEM models are calibrated with data obtained from the monitoring system, in order not only to predict the future behaviour of these structures during more intense seismic events, but also to evaluate safety thresholds and alarms of the system. In this model calibration stage, Operational Modal Analysis (OMA) has been used in order to adjust the numerical model. In the field of civil and structure engineering, system identification is applied mainly for modal analysis and SHM. Modal analysis is based on the determination of modal parameters of a structural system which represent an optimal model, or basis, and can be used to describe the dynamics of a structural system. These modal parameters are modal frequencies, modal damping and mode shape vectors [1]. The main goals of this paper is to study the dynamic characteristics of a long viaduct using the data obtained from a Structural Monitoring System and adjust a finite element model in order to evaluate safety thresholds during and after an earthquake. To this end an Operational Modal Analysis of the experimental data will be performed.


The success of implants is largely dependent on initial stability and long-term osseointegration due to optimal stress distribution around the bone and implant. The purpose of this study is the numerical analysis of stress distribution in jaw bone and implant using finite element analysis considering the static forces caused by screw tightening and masticatory preloads. These forces and design limitations have been applied in accordance with implant science in dentistry to provide a proper stress distribution. First, all the parts were modelled with Solidworks software and then transferred to Abaqus software for analysis and applying the forces. For a better and more exact stress distribution analysis in the bone and implant, this analysis was conducted by two steps, that after determining the properties of each part, boundary conditions, loading and finally meshing the complex using hexahedral meshes and Match mesh technique, the abutment was tightened inside the implant with different tightening torques through six tests to apply preload in first step which this force applying induced stress in jaw and implant. Then, the amount of jaw force was applied to the crown surface. The results showed that the preload is quite effective in bone and implant stress distribution. However, its value only affects the surface stresses of the implant and has little effect on the of jaw bone stress value. This study can be carried on to evaluate the implants life considering Preload. Article DOI:  https://dx.doi.org/10.20319/mijst.2017.33.195211 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-commercial 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA.


Selective attention enables the prioritization of goal-relevant aspects of our sensory environment in order to guide our actions, or to store goal-relevant information in short-term memory. Yet, it remains largely unclear how attention prioritizes goal-relevant information. For example, selective attention may enhance processing of goal-relevant information, suppress processing of distracting information, or both. The research presented in this dissertation examined the neurophysiological mechanisms through which selective attention supports visual short-term memory and action selection using electroencephalography, focusing on the role of brain oscillations and modulations of sensory activity. A first question concerned if selective attention predominantly modulates sensory processing during perception, or may also support maintenance of stored representations to optimize behavior. A second question concerned whether attentional modulation of anticipated and unanticipated irrelevant information rely on similar neurophysiological mechanisms. Thirdly, we addressed whether these mechanisms generalize across different sensory dimensions during action selection. Results provided supporting evidence for an important role of selective attention in action selection, and during both short-term memory encoding and maintenance. However, they also revealed that attentional selection is often imperfect, especially when irrelevant information cannot be anticipated. Whereas interregional modulation of alpha oscillations was associated with filtering of anticipated irrelevant information, filtering of unanticipated distraction relied, at least partly, on representation-specific sensory modulations. Furthermore, individuals differed markedly in the degree to which they exhibited attentional modulation of irrelevant information for different sources of interference, demonstrating the importance of an individual differences approach to increase our understanding of the neural mechanisms that enable selective processing of goal-relevant information.


Observing the anti-aging functions of the multi-vitamin on the mouse models aged by D-galactose. The aged mouse models was established by subcutaneous injection of 5% D-galactose. These mice were simultaneously given by gavage using different doses of multi-vitamin. Content of malondialdehyde (MDA), activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and monoamine oxidase (MAO) in brain and liver were measured by using the reagent kits. MDA contents and MAO activities in all multivitamin-treated groups were significantly lower than the aged mouse model group. SOD activities in all multi-vitamin-treated groups were significantly higher than the aged mouse model group. The multi-vitamin has the obvious anti-aging function.


The present invention relates to a method and online gaming system to provide location information of a game character on-line games, more specifically, a method for providing location information of a game character on the online game in conjunction with a given messenger server and it relates to online game system.


This study mainly introduces the purpose and content of riser tension system in ultra deep water drillship and illustrates the significance, research direction, and the operable analysis process according to practical operation of drillship. With the description of tensioning system and BOP system, it has a positive effect on the engineers that entered this field preliminary.


Coherent optical proce'ssors are described that optically generate feature spaces in parallel at high speed. A wedge ring detector sampled Fourier feature space is described, since it provides dimensionality reduction and features that are invariant to translation and in-plane rotation of the input object. Thus, the object being inspected can be positioned and oriented anywhere within the input field of view. An optical Hough transform processor is also described. This Hough feature space is attractive for many mensuration functions required in inspection. New techniques for using Hough space features are presented and demonstrated. These new techniques provide in-plane distortion-invariance, and determination of the orientation and location of the object in the field of view. We also discuss how the Fourier coefficients, the wedge ring detector sampled Fourier coefficients, and the Hough transform features can all be produced on a single optical processor. To provide a cost-effective real time system, an inexpensive liquid crystal television is used as the input transducer, with its electrical input obtained from a CCD camera viewing the product to be inspected. Several different inspection problems and quantitative optical laboratory test data are included to demonstrate and quantify the performance and use of this processor for product inspection.


The article makes a detailed research on anti-acquisition tactics.Through the analysis on typical cases,the article finds out that anti-acquisition tactics can effectively contain the smooth implementation of vicious acquisitions,which is significant for maintaining interests of listed firms and their shareholders.Successful anti-acquisition measures include employee shareholding plan,white knight,articles of association,lawsuit,and poison pills.


We studied the natural bacterial population used in the production of artisanal protected denomination origin (PDO) Toma piemontese cheese in order to obtain preliminary information on the lactic acid bacteria involved in the traditional fermentation of this cheese. A total of 116 coccal isolates and 11 mesophilic lactobacilli were collected from different curd and cheese samples, and were identified by the combined use of PCR 16S–23S rDNA spacer analyses, species-specific probes and 16S rDNA sequencing. The results obtained were supported by DNA/DNA hybridization studies and by reference cultures used as markers. Lactococci constituted 67% of the coccal isolates. They were identified as Lactococcus lactis and L. garvieae, with an incidence of this latter species higher than expected. The majority of these lactococcal isolates displayed an atypical phenotype of growing in the presence of 6.5% NaCl and at 101C. Enterococci were also isolated, principally from the cheese samples (16% of the coccal isolates), together with strains of Streptococcus macedonicus and S. thermophilus, the latter in a lower amount. Lactobacilli (principally Lactobacillus paracasei strains) were only detected in three samples and their incidence was very low ( 1, 3 and 7 cfu g, respectively). The presence of undesirable micro-organisms in some samples of curd emphasizes the necessity of improving the general hygienic conditions of cheese production. The results suggest the possibility of preserving the wild bacterial population in order to protect the typical organoleptic characteristics of this traditional raw milk cheese and to select new strains for the dairy industry. r 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.


AbstractThe removal of zinc(II) at low concentrations from an aqueous saline solution was investigated using a five-compartment electrodialysis cell. In this work, the effect of key operating parameters such as initial zinc ions concentration, solution pH, applied voltage, and feed flow rate on process efficiency was studied. The separation performance was evaluated in terms of mass transfer, energy consumption, and current efficiency. The results showed that increasing the initial concentration of Zn(II) and applied voltage improves the cell performance. However, separation performance decreases with an increase in the flow rate. It was also found that specific power consumptions (SPC) are strongly dependant on ionic strength as the increase of ionic strength leads to an increase of the solution conductivity. Zinc removal rate and SPC were virtually constant and increased sharply when pH values ranged in the alkaline region.


Abstract : This report describes a technique for measuring the size and shape of an X- or gamma-ray pulse. The technique is based on water and dilute aqueous solutions that, when irradiated, produce the hydrated electron, e(aq)(-), a short-lived, transient ion with an intense optical absorption spectrum. Measurements of the intensity of red light transmitted through the irradiated sample are directly correlated to radiation intensity. Resolving time of the system is in the nanosecond range. The technique is shown to be feasible and may have application at pulsed accelerator facilities and at nuclear weapons tests. (Author)


Experimental study on the influence of mass of nanoparticles and refrigerant on the migration performance of nanoparticles was performed with oil and without oil respectively.At the same time,the migration process of nanoparticles was analyzed theoretically and the model to predict the migration mass of nanoparticles was established.The results show that in the boiling process of nanorefrigerant,with or without oil,the migration mass of nanoparticles increases with increasing the mass of nanoparticles or refrigerant,the migration ratio decreases with increasing the volume fraction of nanoparticles;the migration mass and migration ratio of nanoparticles with existing of oil is less than that without oil;the results calculated by the model can reflect the change regularity of experimental data.


This concise, highly readable compendium grew out of an optimistic attempt by the authors, some years ago, to cover the field of pediatric cardiology in a 2-day lecture seminar! The general aim is to offer a brief basic introduction to pediatric cardiology, with emphasis on fundamental general considerations as well as the more common disease entities. The first 11 chapters deal with the basic tools of pediatric cardiology such as anatomy and embryology, experimental production and genetics of cardiac anomalies, abnormal hemodynamics, the physical examination, and the various modalities of laboratory examination.


Industrial design typically interacts with diverse organizations ranging from local companies to government agencies, as well as various and distinct disciplines such as engineering, business, sociology, and psychology. In educational environments, such collaboration can serve as an excellent pedagogical tool and a structure for maintaining the relevance (and future viability) of industrial design programs in large research universities. This paper begins with a brief definition of design collaboration. It will then discusses the mutual benefits for the disciplines involved, the nature of their relationships, opportunities for education and research, and the difficulties faced as well. In addition, this paper will also show how these collaborations within a university structure can be a significant tool in the generation of socially conscious and innovative ideas as well as great learning environments. Collaborative design will be described by the attention devoted to various case studies, in which the author is involved as well. Special attention will be devoted to these case studies for they are a part of an ongoing relationship between industrial design and mechanical engineering on a major university campus along with a local company and U.S. government agency. This paper will also demonstrate how expertise in a wide range of disciplines is necessary when developing products and provide broader implications for anyone interested in leveraging collaboration to spark new forms of education and faculty research in industrial design.


It provides a sealed contact device which improves the sliding performance of the movable contact. The coil bobbin 21 and the movable core 25 and the yoke 26 and the return spring 27 by the electromagnet block 2, the sealed container 31 and the fixed contact 32 and the main body approximately formed in a rectangular shape having a each longer side of the portion (35a), the first and second projections (35b, 35c) a movable contact (35 to be formed is arranged in the with the movable contact 34 which jeopri the fixed contact 32 sealed container 31 ), and one end is connected to the movable contactor 35, the other end the movable core 25 is associated with a contact block having a shaft 37 for moving the movable contactor 35 toward the fixed contact 32. (3 ), and is composed of the case 4, the first and second projections (35b, 35c of the movable contact 35) is formed in a non-point-symmetrical shape with respect to the connection with the shaft 37, the movable contact (35) and when the rotation either side of the projection (35b, 35c) only and in contact with the sealed container (31).


Suicide is a major cause of death in today's world. The pattern of suicidal deaths in a particular area points not only to the quality of living but also the social and mental makeup of the population. The present study includes the cases which have been identified as suicidal deaths being brought for medico legal autopsy. Out of 527 cases of suicidal deaths majority of the cases were males belonging to the age group 21-30 years followed by age group 31-40. Poisoning and Hanging were the most common methods employed. Most of the victims were of lower socio economic class belonging to rural background. Economic instability and family conflict were the most common cause that led to suicides. Suicidal deaths are preventable by the combined effort of the Government agencies, adaption of healthy lifestyle, counselling facilities and change in the mindset of the people to adapt to all the difficult situations in life.


ABSTRACT

An experimental study has conducted, in this work to determine statistical models for optimization of process parameters in wire EDM. Wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) technology has extensively used in the field of medical, mould making, Die making, aerospace and automobile industries. AISI D3 Steel(contains 1.5-1.8% carbon) is the hard material so that cutting by other machining is very difficult. But this cutting process make easy with wire EDM. D3 steel is widely used in making the press dies for cutting and forming operation therefore surface finishing of it is very important. The paper is focusing on to find out the combination of process parameters for optimum surface roughness, material removal rate (MRR), Kerf width and wire wear ratio in wire electro discharge machining (EDM) of AISID3 Steel. The best combination of machining parameter viz. machine feed, voltage, pulse on time and pulse off time. The paper highlights the importance of process parameters and different machining conditions on MRR, surface roughness (Ra), kerf width and surface topography. In this work, machine feed, voltage, pulse on time and pulse off are input parameters and surface roughness ,MRR, kerf width and wire wear ratio as output parameters. The optimal values of these parameters have defined with the aim of achieving the better surface roughness and higher MRR and better WWR.
The experiment work had conducted with three input parameters pulse on time, pulse off time, machine feed and voltage, and also its different levels. Full factorial technique had been used for accurate results. ANOVA had been used for the analysis and defined optimum value of input parameters for getting best output on D3 steel.


Our emergency medical services (EMS) system is called SAMU ("Service d'Aide Medicale d'Urgence"). It was initiated in Paris in 1956. Since that date, it has developed a new concept of emergency transportation, which excludes speed as the best way for saving life threatened by danger. Indeed, this EMS System is based upon the same principles that are used everywhere, but there are some practical differences which are characteristic of the service in France. One example is the medicalization (physician-staffing), which permits excluding speed in transportation. Everywhere, the fundamental EMS principle is to struggle against time to give efficient care as soon as possible. In emergency situations, all things are simpler and all treatment is more efficient if you can do it within the limit of time available for resuscitation. If this limit is surpassed, success is dubious. The means to reach it are more sophisticated and cost increases tremendously; however, the mortality goes up inexorably to death in all severe cases.


Tunable quantum interference is enabled by a design incorporating phase-change materials into metasurfaces. Via controlled joule heating, these structures can switch rapidly between phases of constructive and destructive quantum interferences.


The article discusses various reports published within the issue, including one by Jeremy Baskin on the practice of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in emerging economies and another by Peter Newell and Ana Muro on CSR in Argentina.


Is there a global society? Or a digital society? What is the role of culture and cultural development in the formation of the digital ratio? This contribution identifies two great processes in the relationship between culture and digital society. The former establishes itself as a process of liberation from an authoritarian and repressive power, identified mainly in public institutions. The goal is cultural freedom from the authority and the "chains" that have been built over time through the cultural domain of the alphabetic mind and the logical-sequential paradigm. This culture, historically founded on the alphabetic mind, is identified with modern human nature and with its vision of the world. The second process is a counter-revolution. At the center of this counterrevolution is the downsizing and then the cancellation of the social centrality of the producers. The modern producers (of the time of modernity) are the dialectical and conflictual personification of industrial capitalists (the bosses, the entrepreneurs) with the salaried workers (the workers, the unemployed and eventually the citizens). The primary objective was a reversal from the utopia of equality (present in the critique to logocentrism and the affirmation of the global parity of every point of the network) to the reality of a fierce domain of inequality on a global scale.


Portrait of a Venetian Gentleman, 1555, by Jacopo Tintoretto. Dorothy Cross selected this NGI artwork to include in the exhibition 'Trove' at IMMA.


High energy sorghums produce high alcohol content harvest with a considerable level of grain yield. Identification of superior hybrids with high alcohol content and grain yield is important (Selvi and Palnaisamy, 1987) for high-energy sorghum improvement. Ramalingam (1983) made genetic analysis of high energy sorghum for juice content and grain yield components. Selvi (1984) detected some of the superior cross combinations based on heterosis and combining ability studies. Assessment of combining ability for these traits will provide useful information for the selection of parents and hybrids based on general combining ability (gca) and specific combining ability (sca) effects. It also gives information on the nature of gene action governing the particular trait. The present study was conducted on 7 x 7 diallel cross for combining ability analysis to identify good combiners and superior for high energy.


Our research activities are focused on formal specification based product and process quality improvement of a software system. We start with a formal specification based pragmatic view on software specification, software refinement, software enhancement and software testing. These features are further explored for the improvement of product and process quality. On the basis of these features we propose a framework for the compliance of standard process improvement model CMMI(Capability Maturity Model Integration) and software product quality improvement.


This paper analizes the characteristics of granite eluvial soil of granite area in Guangdong and discusses the adaptability of heavy dynamic sounding test in granite area,thus obtaining the regression equation of heavy dynamic sounding test and standard penetration test.On this basis standard values and modulus of deformation of bearing capacity of foundation slab of granite eluvial soil are determined and applied in real project.


The purposes of this inquiry were to seek the multicultural awareness of students at homogeneously and heterogeneously populated schools in the Municipality of Sungai Penuh, Jambi, Indonesia. Data were collected through administrating the adapted version of Multicultural Awareness Scale to 334 students from one homogeneously populated senior high school and one heterogeneously populated madrasah aliyah (Islamic senior high school). Data were analyzed by using Rasch Analysis and tests of inferential statistics. The results of data analyses indicated that 1) the students had a relatively high multicultural awarness, 2)the examination on the map of item endorsabilty indicated that the students had high cultural awareness but low self-awareness, 3) the students at the heterogeneously populated madrasah aliyah had a higher multicultural awareness than their counterparts at the homogeneously populated senior high school, and 4) no statistically significant differences were found in the comparisons of the students' awareness across the demographic variables across and within the same school. Policy implications and suggestions for future research are also discussed.


Welcome to this new issue of Ethnomusicology Forum, the first for 2015 and the first in operational terms for our new Reviews Editor, Lonán Ó Briain. It's also the first where we can formally welcome Emma Brinkhurst back to her role as editorial assistant. Trevor Wiggins has been covering Emma's duties during her leave, and so kept us safely underway (thanks, Trevor!), but we've been hugely glad since November to have had access once again to Emma's additional pair of eyes, her experience, know-how and memory. Even with support from Taylor & Francis, running a journal is a complex matter. There are multiple issues always underway at once, and typically multiple versions of every article and figure. Some peer reviews are submitted online, some by email and some need to be chased up, so keeping clarity over what's where at any one moment, or at figuring out what's missing and where it might be, is no easy task. I'm sure you will all be aware by now that the annual conference of the BFE for 2015 is in July, later than usual. This will enable us to have a joint meeting with the Société française d'ethnomusicologie in Paris, 2–5 July 2015, with a main focus on Border Crossings/Boundary Maintenance. The CFP for the four main areas of Music crossing boundaries, The bounds of tradition in music, Crossing categories, and Intellectual territories is now closed and details of the conference and registration will be updated as available here: http://www.bfe.org.uk/news/bfe-and-sfe-2015-cfp. In this issue we group five articles that offer new perspectives on enduring ethnomusicological issues: identity, music as work, aesthetics and recording technology. In the first article, Matthew Machin-Autenrieth discusses flamenco, a resonant but disputed symbol of regional identity. Turning to perspectives from political geography, he adds nuance to our understandings of what's at stake in music-based identity claims at the sub-national level. If Machin-Autenrieth is correct to observe that we've more typically 'focused on the musical expression of local, national and global spaces', the ethnographic observations in his paper remind us that regional identities are not simply given so much as actively constructed (and fragmented) by a diverse range of individuals, groups and governmental programmes, and that music can be a primary tool in these processes. The second article shares Machin-Autenrieth's openness to work in political science, though it draws on a different cross-section of literature. Here, the concern is with understanding musical work, and not least in drawing our attention to the role of the body in music making, and so to the materialities and subjectivities of female professional singers' lives. Supported by a rich vein of ethnographic commentary, Ethnomusicology Forum, 2015 Vol. 24, No. 1, 1–3, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17411912.2015.1021184


Bioluminescence tomography(BLT) is an instrumental molecular imaging modality designed for the 3D location and quantification of bioluminescent sources distribution in vivo. In our context, the diffusion approximation(DA) to radiative transfer equation(RTE) is utilized to model the forward process of light propagation. Mathematically, the solution uniqueness does not hold for DA-based BLT which is an inverse source problem of partial differential equations and hence is highly ill-posed. In the current work, we concentrate on a general regularization framework for BLT with Bregman distance as data fidelity and total variation(TV) as regularization. Two specializations of the Bregman distance, the least squares(LS) distance and Kullback-Leibler(KL) divergence, which correspond to the Gaussian and Poisson environments respectively, are demonstrated and the resulting regularization problems are denoted as LS+TV and KL+TV. Based on the constrained Landweber(CL) scheme and expectation maximization(EM) algorithm for BLT, iterative algorithms for the LS+TV and KL+TV problems in the context of BLT are developed, which are denoted as CL-TV and EM-TV respectively. They are both essentially gradient-based algorithms alternatingly performing the standard CL or EM iteration step and the TV correction step which requires the solution of a weighted ROF model. Chambolle's duality-based approach is adapted and extended to solving the weighted ROF subproblem. Numerical experiments for a 3D heterogeneous mouse phantom are carried out and preliminary results are reported to verify and evaluate the proposed algorithms. It is found that for piecewise-constant sources both CL-TV and EM-TV outperform the conventional CL and EM algorithms for BLT.


Systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) is an autoimmune syndrome primarily affecting young women characterized by inflammation in several organs including kidneys, skin, joints, blood and the nervous system. Abnormal immune cellular and humoral responses play key roles in the development of the disease process. Impaired clearance of apoptotic material is a key factor contributing to activation of self-reactive immune cells. The incidence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) is increased with up to 50 times in SLE patients compared to age and gender-matched controls and this can only partly be explained by traditional risk factors for CVD. Currently, there is no effective treatment to prevent CVD complications in SLE. Traditional preventive CVD therapies have not proven to significantly lower the incidence of CVD in SLE; therefore, there is a need for novel treatment strategies and increased understanding of the mechanisms involved in CVD complications in SLE. The pathogenic immune responses in SLE and development of atherosclerotic plaques share some similar characteristics, such as impaired efferocytosis and skewed T cell activation, suggesting the possibility to identify novel targets for intervention. As novel immune-based therapies for CVD are being developed and brought into clinical testing, it is possible that some of these may also show efficacy in CVD prevention and immunomodulation in SLE. However, further understanding of the mechanisms leading to increased CVD in SLE is critical for development of such therapies.


R(+)-Citronellal was converted into a key intermediate, (unsaturated ketone 5)in three steps,which led to 6 having the frame of arteannuic acid through intramolecular ene reaction.Further modification of 6 afforded 1,6-epimer of dihydroarteannuic acid.The configuration of 7 was determined by X-ray diffraction analysis.


The main idea of this paper is to realize digital receiver on FPGA for addressed direction finding of communicational standards such as DECT, GSM, IEEE 802.11B. A general block diagram of a digital receiver for addressed direction finding is presented. Various variants of FPGA based systems of symbol synchronization and frequency synchronization are proposed.


This paper investigates the perceptions of the heads of 12 LIS schools about KM education. The heads from North America, Europe and Pacific region who consented to participate in this study had either been offering KM courses or had an apparent interest in these programs. Data about perceptions were gathered around the nature of their KM coursework, KM positions their graduates might target, interdisciplinary partnerships, strategic partnerships with industry, and practical difficulties in the introduction of KM courses. They were asked to pinpoint difficulties in the areas of faculty availability, student enrollment, resource availability, creation of partnerships, working with professional associations, and interactions with industry. There existed a strong interest in offering KM courses, cultivating collaborations with business and computing schools, and developing strategic partnerships with industry. These heads identified those problems that hindered their progress. * Professor, Library and Information Science, Kuwait University. email@example.com ** Head, Division of Information Studies, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. email@example.com


An integrated circuit such as a MOS transistor, having an electrically conductive diffusion barrier at the me tal/silicon interface and a method of manufacture there for is disclosed. The metal/silicon interface is formed by selective metal deposition onto silicon. According to the method, the interface is subjected to a nitrogen based plasma during a period of at least five minutes. The interface is brought to a temperature greater than 500 C. during this period, in order to create a diffusion barrier comprising a silicon nitride layer. The interface is then subjected to an annealing treatment under a neutral atmosphere so as to remove the nitrogen previ ously introduced into the metal. The diffusion barrier forms a linking and protecting interface between each source drain or gate zone of the MOS transistor and the corresponding layer of metal covering the latter.


An actively Q-switched Nd:GGG/BaWO<inf>4</inf> single-frequency Raman laser at 1178.3 nm is demonstrated. Under a pulse repetition rate of 20 kHz, the maximum pulse energy was 12 μJ and the linewidth was less than 4.34×10−3 cm−1.


Nowadays, service robots are highly anticipated in an aging society with low birthrates due to a shortage of human workers. Furthermore, COVID-19 avoids daily human communication in person. To utilize service robots in such a society, several types of robots are necessary to cope with the aforementioned society's various problems. Through collaboration with various types of robots, we have proposed and demonstrated an architecture for providing a broader range of services through this study. This architecture eliminates robot interface differences and allows the connection of various robots with a common communication protocol. In the teleoperation experiment, we could connect various types of robots manufactured by different companies using a general-purpose interface unit and we could teleoperate them via the Internet. We also confirmed in the collaboration experiment that the robots can be connected regardless of their functions by managing them according to their functions. Our architecture has verified the function to make collaboration of different types of robots both in teleoperation and collaborative tasks by different robots. In the future, we will conduct experiments to evaluate the practical services that service robots can provide in actual facilities such as shopping malls.


The paper presents the results of a survey of the Svetlogorsk teachers assessing the main social and psychological risk factors in the onset of psychoactive substances use in adolescents. According to the respondents' opinion, the main reasons for adolescent drug use are higher access to illicit drugs, influence of drug addicts and drug-using peers, conflict relations in families. Moreover, some psychological traits like a higher suggestibility, lower resistance to bad authorities and stressful situations might promote initiation of PAS consumption in adolescents. The current approaches and preventive programs against the prevalence of drug use among young teenagers people are discussed. The paper analyzes the results of a survey of the Svetlogorsk teachers assessing the main social and psychological risk factors at the beginning of psychoactive substances (PAS) use in adolescents. Most respondents believed in a considerable prevalence of the illicit drug use in the city, particularly among the part of young population. They reported that the higher access to illicit drugs, influence of drug addicts and drug-using peers, and conflict relations in families are likely to belong to the main reasons of the adolescents' drug use. Moreover, some psychological features, such as a higher level of suggestibility, lower resistance to bad influence and stressful situations might promote an onset of PAS consumption by adolescents. The current approaches and preventive programs against the prevalence of drug use among young people were discussed.


This paper discusses the significance of carrying out the part-time job in university library,and probes into how to bring the students working on the part-time job into the human resource management of university library.


This thesis concerns urban construction archive management business of China in the 20th century 12 items of state level construction archives, 11 categories of urban construction archives was initially studied. And studies on data collection method, obligations and range of service, etc. of urban construction archives center were conducted as well. Urban construction archive management business was aggressively pursued in terms of national policy, based on the state plan to construct medium-sized and large cities and Mao ZeDong(毛澤東)'s direction regarding of urban construction archives. As a result, there happened to be various levels and types of 3,186 archive centers, as of 2003. And the archives centers of urban construction have been estavlished in 662 cities all over China so far, while the establishment of the urban construction archives centers was pursued only in 42 cities in 1960s. Another point to note is that staff members of junior college or higher educational background account for 70% - 80% of overall human resources of the archives center of urban construction, while 60 - 70% of them are technical level. This makes professional human resources represent at least 60% of the total human resources of the centers. This is a result of effort of China to enhance urban construction archive management business on both quantitative and qualitative level. And through the study on the situation of urban construction archive management business in Beijing(北京), it was learned that urban construction archives are being collected and managed in archives centers of the respective areas as well as in professional archives centers of urban construction. Some suggestions were also made regarding what kind of direction Korea should take to pursue the business of urban construction archive management.


Significance This study shows that metabolic engineering can be used to imbue pine tracheary elements with an ability to synthesize sinapyl alcohol, a lignin monomer not normally used for lignification in conifers such as pine. The dynamic nature of the lignification process enables pines to incorporate this monolignol, allowing them to produce hardwood-like lignins that are known to facilitate refining processes such as biofuel production and chemical pulping. The potential to improve the refining of conifer-derived biomass through lignin manipulations is important, as even small improvements in yield can lead to significant environmental and economic benefits in such processes. Conifers (softwoods) naturally lack syringyl units in their lignins, rendering lignocellulosic materials from such species more difficult to process than syringyl-rich hardwood species. Using a transformable Pinus radiata tracheary element (TE) system as an experimental platform, we investigated whether metabolic engineering can be used to create syringyl lignin in conifers. Pyrolysis-GC/MS and 2D-NMR analysis of P. radiata TE cultures transformed to express ferulate 5-hydroxylase (F5H) and caffeic acid O-methyltransferase (COMT) from Liquidambar styraciflua confirmed the production and incorporation of sinapyl alcohol into the lignin polymer. Transformation with F5H was sufficient for the production of syringyl lignin in TEs, but cotransformation with COMT improved its formation. In addition, lower levels of the pathway intermediate 5-hydroxyconiferyl alcohol were evidenced in cotransformation experiments, indicating that the introduction of the COMT overcame the inefficiency of the native pine methyltransferases for supporting sinapyl alcohol production.Our results provide the proof of concept that it is possible to generate a lignin polymer that contains syringyl units in softwood species such as P. radiata, suggesting that it might be possible to retain the outstanding fiber properties of softwoods while imbuing them with the lignin characteristics of hardwoods that are more favorable for industrial processing.


To realize high-rate, low-temperature sputtering, two parallel targets were used and a magnetic field was applied perpendicular to them. The γ-electrons emitted by the targets contribute to formulation of a high-density plasma between the targets and to controlling the γ-electrons striking the substrates. As a result, the authors were successful in depositing such magnetic materials as iron and nickel on a substrate without heating at 50 times the rate in ordinary diode sputtering. This method also prevents high-energy ions from hitting the substrate and permits deposition of a film of large area with uniform thickness. The observed profile of the film thickness agreed with the calculated one in which the cosine law of sputtering was assumed. A practical model of the present sputtering apparatus was fabricated with permanent magnets and its performance was investigated.


It is particularly important for the dynamic distribution of personnel in the construction space at the seismic moment,the paper study from the disordered individual distribution to the orderly transition of to the population distribution. by the maximum entropy principle,it solves 2 transition including the gravity to the utility function,the utility function to probability,which realizes the distribution model.


In the electrical complex "induction heater - deforming equipment", the limiting performance of the complex is the induction heating unit. In this regard, an important task of increasing the effi ciency of the processing complex is to optimize both the design and operating parameters of the induction heating unit. It is shown that the main design parameter infl uencing the energy characteristics of the complex is the length of the heating system. When optimizing the total length of the heater, an iterative model of the process of induction heating of ferromagnetic billets is used. The power distribution algorithm along the length of a two-section heater is a piecewise continuous function. Optimization of the heater length according to the proposed method made it possible to reduce the heater length from 2.8 m to 2.1 m, i.e. by 25%. To search for eff ective control algorithms for non-stationary modes, a refi ned electrothermal model is proposed in the work. It takes into account the nonlinear dependence of the distribution of the power of the sources of internal heat release on the temperature distribution in the metal of the workpieces along the radial and axial coordinates. The problem of fi nding the optimal control of transient modes of a two-section induction heater of methodical action is formulated and solved. The results obtained provide a minimum of energy consumption for heating billets in transient modes under conditions of technological and energy constraints. Variants of starting the heater at various initial temperature states of the load are considered. The results of a comparative analysis of the eff ectiveness of the obtained control algorithms are presented. The structure of the power supply and control system of the induction heating complex is proposed.


When Henry VII seized the throne after the Battle of Bosworth, his crown was far from secure. Yet for more than a hundred years his descendents ruled in England, surviving religious turmoil, rebellion, foreign armadas, diplomatic crises and losses overseas. Some of them went reluctantly to war whilst others embraced its potential, yet all relied upon military success for their own reflected power and prestige. "The Fighting Tudors" explores this extraordinary dynasty's strategies for survival, and shows how military action to defend the throne became a sophisticated propoganda tool. It traces the great battles of Tudor reigns, from campaigns in France and Scotland to the crises of the Armada, and reveals their public and private impact upon individual monarchs - Heny VII, the 'sea king' who pledged to bring peace to his ravaged country; Henry VIII, who loved traditional jousting yet commissioned cutting-edge ships for his standing navy; Mary, whose loss of Calais compounded the disappointments of her reign; and Elizabeth whose dramatic speech at Tilbury became a defining moment of her reign. Ambitious courtiers and military commanders mingle with volatile monarchs and the great seafarers - Drake, Hawkins, Raleigh and Frobisher - who through exploration, plunder and courageous defence finally brought England dominance on the seas.


The article focuses on two novels – The Viceroy of Ouidah, by Bruce Chatwin, (1987; 1998) and O Ultimo Negreiro, by Miguel Real (2007) – and the film Cobra Verde, by Werner Herzog (1987), taking the historical character Francisco Felix de Souza as a guiding thread to think the relations between fiction and history in the construction of an imaginary about a chapter of the history of the Black Atlantic. Supported in the discourses of the historical field, we analyze a network of interdisciplinary and intertextual cooperative relations, with emphasis in the Social Sciences. These networks are brought into the dialogue in which the Black Atlantic, read by the dominant bias of literature, is a privileged passageway of texts that provoke historical truth and demand of the theory a hybrid and mixed discourse composed of fiction, theory and historical reflection.


This paper presents the possibility of application of frequency converters and outside the area controlled by a standard drive It introduced theoretical assumptions and the derivation for the use of parallel combination of RL and RC circuit as the circuit load frequency control. The application is suitable for example for regulation of the temperature gradient in zone heating, power distribution between the two heating systems and for creating optimal thermal comfort in buildings. The advantage of the power supply is constant voltage sine wave with variable frequency.


We demonstrate a microelectromechanical-system-based tunable grating coupler capable of changing the central wavelength. The grating structure is fabricated on a suspended cantilever with supporting arms and can be tuned by an applied voltage. We demonstrate a tunable range of 22.8 nm under actuation voltages of up to 12 V in the present devices. In addition, we show that the supporting arms are critical components that can be used to effectively avoid the pull-in effect.


In order to detect community structure in large-scale complex networks fast and correctly,a new heuristic algorithm based on the idea of degree preference is proposed in this work.Started from the node under consideration,this new algorithm introduces a degree-based alternative breadth-first search to get the local community structure of a node.Since this algorithm only requires local information of the node,its time complexity is linear and thus is very low.This algorithm is applied to a classical social network,the Zachary network,with satisfactory result.Finally,an improved algorithm for further enhancing the accuracy is discussed.


We found, in two separate studies (1996 and 2002), that high attaining Year 10 students in English schools tend to produce empirical proofs, though many of them seem able to appreciate some of the qualities of more powerful proofs. Students rate algebraic proofs highly, often for superficial reasons, though we found that in the second, longitudinal, study they were more discriminating in Year 10 than they had been in Year 9.


2+ sensing a b s t r a c t The pre-deposition of Sn following with the square-wave anodic stripping voltammetric (SWASV) analy- sis is employed to determine the Sn 2+ -sensing ability of bismuth-film electrodes (BFEs). The influences of Bi microstructures, such as grain size, preferred orientation ratio between Bi(1 1 0) and Bi(0 1 2) (denoted as f), and average roughness factor (Ra) of Bi deposits on the Sn 2+ -sensing ability, are investigated. The preferred orientation ratio is a key factor determining the Sn2+-sensing ability of BFEs meanwhile a syn- ergistic effect between grain size and f on enhancing the current density of Sn 2+ sensing is obtained when f is above 0.11. The crystalline facet of Bi(1 1 0) favorable for pre-depositing Sn is the main reason enhancing the Sn 2+ sensing of Bi deposits. Thus, this work shows that Sn 2+ sensing through stripping of


The triplet k(ET) for three organometallic polymers built upon the diethynyl[2.2]paracyclophane was studied to show good excited state electronic communication across the materials.


Porous titanium alloys are widely used as implant materials due to their mechanical behavior similar to that of bone. In addition, fatigue properties of implant materials are especially important since medical implants mostly exposed to cyclic compressive loading conditions. In this study, porous Ti-6Al-4V alloy has been produced via sintering at 12000C for 2 hours employing magnesium space holder technique. Porosity of the produced foams were measured according to Archimedes' principle and calculated to be in the range of 51 ± 1 vol.%. Mechanical properties of the foams were characterized by monotonic compressive and compression-compression mode fatigue tests. The compressive strength and elastic modulus of the foams were determined to be 167 ± 18 MPa and 12 ± 1 GPa respectively. Fatigue tests conducted with a frequency of 5 Hz and a constant stress ratio (σmin/σmax) of 0.1 revealed that porous Ti-6Al-4V alloys have a fatigue limit of approximately 135 MPa. Furthermore fracture surfaces of the foams were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM).


The demand for combined Ba/BSc degrees in Product Design has continued to increase at UK universities at the expense of demand for traditional engineering degrees. Students enrolling for combined degrees can achieve university entrance through school courses that include major elements of art and hands-on learning or school courses that include more academic, mathematically-based learning. Both groups of students bring with them particular modes of cognising and learning styles appropriate to their individual school-based experiences. The problem for university teachers is to provide design-based learning experiences in the early stages of undergraduate programmes that can integrate, build upon and develop these different learning styles. The reported work presents the results of an investigation into the characteristic strategies used by the two different groups when presented with a practical problem in mechanical design. The results show how the different strategies are related to the traditional problem solving techniques characteristic of design engineers and the more product-focused techniques characteristic of industrial designers. An integrated teaching methodology has been presented to accommodate the different learning styles and recommendations have been given with regard to structuring learning experiences in the early stages of broad-based undergraduate programmes in design.


Sodium fire is a design basis accident of sodium-cooled fast reactor. Sodium spray fire experiments were conducted in enclosed cell in this study to understand the sodium spray fire status and how to have an influence on the plant under realistic sodium spray. The process of spray fire experiment was described in the paper. Pressure transducers and thermocouples can be mounted on the room to record pressures and temperatures, respectively. Control and data acquisition system were designed to record most of data for the various instruments. Three experimental results showed realistic sodium spray combustion is mainly in the form of column fire burning. The rise of temperature is drastic on combustion zone. The highest temperature was observed during the sodium spray burning. The experimental results of pressure and temperature were compared to calculation values based on FEUMIX program. It was found the theoretical temperature on 10% sodium atomization of FEUMIX program is coincident with the experimental results of sodium fire burning at over 1500mm combustion zone at time 200 seconds. However, the experimental pressure curve has distinct from theoretical calculation value using FEUMIX program. The results can as a reference to analyze spray sodium fire combustion to help for nuclear safety analysis.Copyright © 2013 by ASME


This study aimed to analyze the differences between clusters obtained by the acute effect of fatigue after an ultra-endurance event in the internal and external load of cyclists. 26 volunteers participated in the study, and they were divided into the experimental group (N = 18; height: 177 ± 8 cm; body mass: 78.6 ± 10.3 kg) and the control group (N = 8; height: 176 ± 10 cm; body mass: 78.0 ± 15.7 kg). The experimental group completed a 12 h non-stop cycling event. Jump height, lactate, plasma antioxidant capacity, pain perception and fatigue perception were measured before and after the event. Cyclists of the experimental group were classified considering their training characteristics (recreational vs. competitive) and by conducting a non-supervised K-means clustering. The differentiation of cyclists according to training characteristics resulted in a lower distance covered by recreational than competitive cyclists (279.4 ± 39.7 km vs. 371.0 ± 71.7 km; ES ≥ 0.8; p < 0.01), although no differences were observed in the remaining variables between groups (p > 0.05). The clustering analysis provided two clusters. Cluster 2 suffered a greater jump height reduction (-3.3 ± 1.6 vs. 1.2 ± 0.8; ES ≥ 0.8; p < 0.001) and increased pain and fatigue perception (ES ≥ 0.5; p < 0.05) after the race than Cluster 1. In conclusion, counter-movement jump can differentiate the fatigue produced by a cycling ultra-endurance event and therefore, this non-invasive technique is useful in fatigue monitoring and recovery planification.


The amount of biological information has increased during the last decades. The information is hidden in museum specimens, data bases of observations, and in literature. Integrating data from scattered sources is hard because different vocabularies are used. The biggest barrier for data integration is the changing nature of scientific names, which hinders the interoperability of information systems. A solution is to use machine-processable identifiers for identifying biological names.


Talent Management (TM) has become one of the important strategic topics for managers in global organizations and businesses in general. Despite the importance of talent management, researches in the area are still few, mainly conceptual research. The purpose of this article is to enhance the readers understanding of the domain of talent management concept perspectives, importance and the main practices. At the same time giving a general idea about the connection with other HRM functions, based on secondary data and researches in the areas of talent management. To achieve the aim of this article, the existing body of studies was reviewed, which were chosen based on the relevance to the talent management issue. Also, the articles which were published recently in this field were adopted.


Our project set out to redesign temporary shelters for the Afghan refugees living in the Darsmand camp in Pakistan. The purpose is to design a durable, sustainable, inexpensive, easy to set up, and space efficient shelter that meets all cultural aspects.


This study evaluated the evolution stage and origin of chemical components of 12 boreholes at crystalline bedrock using multivariate statistical and groundwater quality analyses. Groundwater types are mostly belonged to Na(Ca)-HCO3 and Ca-HCO3 types, indicating that directly reaction of cation exchange (Ca 2+ → Na+) prevailed. The degree of groundwater evolution is included the range from low to intermediate stage based on field and laboratory analytical conditions. As a result of multivariate statistical analysis, a typical indicator of groundwater contamination, NO3-, has the positive correlation with Na+ and Cl-. The origin of sea spary (Cl-) has the positive correlation with Na+, SO4 2-, Mg2+, and K+, while not correlation with Ca2+, Fe2+, HCO3 -, F-, and SiO2. The concentration of Cl and NO3 belongs to general quality of groundwater and not exceeds over the Korean standard for drinking water. And the negative values of saturation index of minerals are calculated with chemical components in groundwater. Therefore, most of chemical components of groundwater in the study area are originated from natural process between rock and groundwater, whereas some of components are derived from sea spary and anthropogenic sources related to agricultural activities.


The binding energy of the excitonic molecule, a complex consisting of two electrons and two holes, has been determined as a function of $\ensuremath{\sigma}$, the ratio of the mass of the electron to that of the hole. We find the binding energy of the excitonic molecule in Si to be 0.63 meV, as compared with the experimental result of \ensuremath{\le}2 meV. Our analysis also predicts that the excitonic molecules should also be observed in a wide variety of crystals for which $\ensuremath{\sigma}$ does not lie in the range $0.2\ensuremath{\le}\ensuremath{\sigma}\ensuremath{\le}0.4$.


2-Bromopropane (2-BP), a halogenated propane analogue, is a substitute for chlorofluorocarbones (CFCs) which have a great potential to destroy the ozone layer and to warm the earth's environment. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the potential adverse effects of 2-BP on pregnant dams and embryo-fetal development after maternal exposure during the gestational days (GD) 6 through 17 in ICR mice. The test chemical was administered subcutaneously to pregnant mice at dose levels of 0, 313, 625 or 1,250 mg/kg/day. All dams were subjected to caesarean section on GD 18 and their fetuses were examined for external, visceral and skeletal abnormalities. In the 1,250 mg/kg group, maternal toxicity included an increase in the incidence of abnormal clinical signs and a decrease in the maternal body weight, body weight gain, and corrected body weight. Developmental toxicity included a decrease in the fetal body weight, a reduction in the placental weight, an increase in the fetal skeletal variation and ossification delay. There were no adverse effects on either pregnant dams or embryo-fetal development in the 313 and 625 mg/kg groups. These results suggest that a 12-day subcutaneous dose of 2-BP is embryotoxic at a maternally toxic dose (i.e., 1,250 mg/kg/day) in ICR mice. In the present experimental condition, the noobserved-adverse-effect level of 2-BP is considered to be 625 mg/kg/day for dams and embryofetuses, respectively.


In this paper, we prove the strong Novikov conjecture for groups coarsely embeddable into Banach spaces satisfying a geometric condition called Property (H).


Support Vector Machines (SVM) classifiers are widely used as inference tools in Internet of Things (IoT) and Edge Computing applications. To achieve high classification accuracy, the SVM classifier can turn out to be the computationally intensive and power hungry component of the application. In this paper, we enable an efficient SVM implementation, in terms of performance and power dissipation, on an ultra-low-power multi-core SoC, Intel/Movidius Myriad 2. Experimental results highlight the efficiency of the proposed solution, as it achieves 105 × speed-up compared to its initial porting and up to 40% energy savings against state-of-the-art relevant approaches.


In the preceding report (3) experiments were described which suggested the occurrence of haemopoietic disorders in mice infected with the LCM virus. Immunological disorders associated with the LCM virus infections of mice are well-known. It was considered that both haemopoietic and immunological defects might be caused by some virus-induced interference with the stem cells in the infected mice. Attempts were therefore made to estimate the numbers and the function of stem cells in mice infected with the LCM virus. Haemopoietic colony assays were employed, and both acutely infected mice and persistent, tolerant virus carriers were examined. The findings suggested a decrease in colony-forming stem cells in the bone marrow during the acute infection. However, the most striking observation in the acutely infected mice was of a profound inhibition of the colony-forming response of stem cells in these animals. The influences exerted upon the stem cell response seemed to be quite specific, in that the response of immunocompetent cells was almost unimpaired when examined at the same time. The inhibition was not caused by a direct viral effect upon the stem cells, nor by any immune-mediated damage. Experiments with the adult, persistent, tolerant virus carriers indicated that the haemopoietic colony formation was not inhibited in these mice despite a pronounced viraemia. However, their numbers of colony-forming stem cells amounted to about fifty per cent of the normal values and seemed to agree with their relative increase in sensitivity to X-rays. It is suggested that virus-induced interference with the function of haemopoietic stem cells plays a central role for the tolerogen effects of the LCM virus.


English translation. The original article can be found here
This year we are celebrating the fortieth anniversary of the publication of the Catechism of the Catholic Church. The document, awaited many years by believers, contained a popularly outlined interpretation of the most important principles of faith, morals, worship and prayer. The purpose of this article is to analyse the significance of this document for the catechetical activities of the Catholic Church in Poland over the past four decades since its publication. The previous Roman Catechism served the Church for more than 400 years. A new document of such stature was to lead to a radical revision of the aims of catechesis, the prominence of its most important contents and the improvement of its methodological instrumentarium. The article will answer the following questions: "Has there really been a religious revival in the stages of adapting the Catechism of the Catholic Church to the realities of the local community of the Polish Church;" "Has it become the basis for a deeper reflection on the current state of catechesis?" It will also be important to answer the question: "Has there been a real popularisation of this document in Polish ecclesial, cultural and educational spaces?"


In Argentina, contemporary notions of progress originate within the whitening projects of the nineteenth century. In this work I propose that the imprints of these Colonial modernization projects are still visible on the portena body. For this reason I examine the Porteno fashion industry alongside the pervasive Barbie culture. I believe that Portenas embody the national crisis of identity. I seek to pose the possibility—instead of arguing the fact—that the fashion industry's power over Portena s (women who live in Buenos Aires Capital) toughened post the economic crisis of 2001. The reason for this is rooted in the relationship of Portena bodies to the construction and maintenance of Argentina's simulacrum of modernity.

Furthermore, I present the anorexia epidemic, as well as the recent production of an obesity one, as symptoms of a volatile modernity. I take the European standard of beauty as a direct rejection of Latinization (a cultural identification with the rest of Latin America.) With the growing poverty, unemployment, and hunger rates, today Portena s are Argentina's best representation of "European modernity."


We consider point spectrum traces in the Hofstadter model. We show how to recover the full quantum Hofstadter trace by integrating these point spectrum traces with the appropriate free density of states on the lattice. This construction is then generalized to the almost Mathieu operator and its n-th moments which can be expressed in terms of generalized Kreft coefficients.


Oscillating polar entities, such as protein molecules embedded in the cell's membrane or microtubules in the cell's interior are, as theoretically predicted and empirically demonstrated, sources of electromagnetic fields with frequencies ranging from far infrared to the MHz domain. The preliminary results obtained in our laboratory suggest connection of the characteristics of observed electromagnetic signals with the phases of the mitotic cycle. Such techniques, if adequately developed, could form a basis of new diagnostic methods in cytology. The present contribution examines the influence of temperature changes (within the physiologically acceptable limits) on properties of the oscillator ensembles, in particular on dependences of the occupation numbers versus the energy pumping rate.


Background : The sharp injury is the most burden problem among healthcare workers. The prevalence slightly increased as consequences spreading blood-borne pathogen. Some researchers had found several variables associated sharp injury among medical workers in the hospital. Objective : The objective of this research was to identify variables that significantly correlated sharp injury among healthcare workers in Sleman State Hospital, Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia. Methods : A cross-sectional study was conducted with total sampling as the method to collect respondents. Total population including a doctor, nurse, midwife, laboratory assistant has been selected based on inclusion criteria such as length of work more than one year and approved to be respondents, amounted 133 samples research. The analysis used chisquare for bivariate and logistic regression test for multivariate. Results : There were nine variables had identified that were age, gender, the level of education, the length of work, salary, occupation, employment status, body mass index, and the marital status. According chi-square analysis obtained gender, the level of education, salary, occupation, employment status and body mass index which were significantly correlated sharp injury (p-value > 0.05). Therefore, only two variables based on logistic regression had statistically related sharp injury. Those variables were salary <1.388.000 IDR (p-value 0.008, aOR 0.135, CI 0.031- 10.594) and abnormal body mass index (p-value 0.000, aOR 6.218, CI 2.552-15.147). Conclusion : In summary, there were two variables had correlated sharp injury among healthcare workers in Sleman state hospital Yogyakarta province, Indonesia; salary and body mass index.


A new fringe compensation method for holographic interferometry is presented. Virtual displacement fields are used to compensate the displacement of the investigated object. The virtual displacement fields are built from phase-shifted reconstructions of the recorded interferogram. The sensitivity of the measurement can be changed after the recording of the interferogram. The fringe density at highly deformed points of the object can be decreased; the defect detection can be simplified.


This paper presents a curriculum initiative that aims to encourage the 'internationalisation' of international student experience. This initiative, entitled the 'Global Citizenship Project', is used on the Cert HE. International Preparation for Fashion (IPF) course at London College of Fashion. By describing the sources and approach used by tutors on the course, the paper explores the Global Citizenship Project brief given to students in the autumn term, and how it encourages student engagement with the immediate environment and one another. It explores how the curriculum should aim towards accepting and understanding the needs of multicultural learning, empowering learners to share their own cultural capital (Bourdieu and Passeron, 1994).


The testing path contained in CRSE methodology must be refined so that all the fundamental CRSE principles related to undertaking the testing will be met Formal models that are easily understandable and graphics based have to be invented and implemented considering all the processes that have been described in the CRSE methodology. All the issues related to testing of the embedded systems must be incorporated into the models that will be included into the testing path of CRSE methodology.


Morphology is considered as the most evident characteristic of a crystal for the crucial identification of polymorphs, where the crystal structures vary only in terms of molecular arrangement at specified positions. In this paper, the impact of polymorphism on vacuum morphology was studied for a calcium channel blocker; felodipine. Felodipine was selected as a model drug to perform morphology comparison among its four different reported polymorphs using molecular simulations tools (Material Studio 6.1). An attempt was also made to correlate the structural properties with two important biopharmaceutical properties, namely solubility and intrinsic dissolution rate (IDR) and predict these properties for form IV polymorph which hitherto was not reported. BFDH, morphology growth and equilibrium morphology were included in the models for comparing the morphologies (COMPASS force field). The most important face with highest surface area obtained for felodipine polymorph I was (0 1 1), for polymorph II (1 1 0), for polymorph III (1 0 -1) and for polymorph IV (0 1 1). Correlations between the solubility and IDR with various simulated crystal morphological parameters like BFDH aspect ratio, morphology growth aspect ratio, entropy, attachment energy, surface energy and polar/non polar ratio were obtained for the three reported polymorphs. The highest solubility of form II was explained from its morphology and dominancy of polar functional groups on crystal facets. The reported polymorphs for all the values showed a rank order correlation of II > I > III for various properties studied with correlated well with their reported solubility and IDR. Based on the established correlations, the solubility and IDR for form IV was calculated. This kind of research work can be helpful in predicting the impact of surface structure chemistry of polymorphs specifically which are difficult to crystallize on their solubility and dissolution rate.


The paper analyzes characteristics of crane arrangement in turbine house of nuclear units of European pressurised reactor(EPR) in Taishan nuclear power plant.The stator and moisture separator reheater(MSR) employ no main crane for lifting,hence main crane with higher capacity and auxiliary crane with lower capacity are provided.Because of vertical collocation of MSR,the crane collocation comprises the upper layer and lower layer.Compared with cranes in turbine houses of CPR 1000 nuclear power units and general 1000 MW thermal power units,the design scheme for the crane can save investment and promote maintenance efficiency.


Rarely does one come upon a work as original and as signifi cant as Ordering the Heavens . Bruce Eastwood's prizeworthy book is original because it mines a rich body of evidence that, although in plain view of generations of scholars, has never been studied systematically or properly understood. His work is signifi cant because astronomy and cosmology were central topics in the early medieval intellectual worldview and occupied the best minds of the age. Eastwood shows, for the fi rst time, with great precision and acuity how diagrams in manuscripts functioned as means of both interpretation and instruction. Eastwood's straightforward approach traces how scholars in the age of Charlemagne and his ninth-century successors read and interpreted four Roman texts on astronomy: Macrobius's Commentary on Scipio's Dream , Pliny the Elder's Natural History , Martianus Capella's allegory of the liberal arts ( The Marriage of Philology and Mercury ), and Calcidius's Commentarius on Plato's Timaeus . Drawing a clear distinction between computus , a keen Carolingian interest focused on calendrical calculations and cycles, and astronomy, the scientifi c investigation of planetary bodies and their characteristics, Eastwood argues that ninth-century scholars used Roman astronomy to bring order to their understanding of the cosmos, an implicit order they believed derived from divine creation. The rediscovery of Roman astronomy and the invigoration of Carolingian astronomy beyond the understanding achieved by Bede (d. 735) occurred


ABSTRACT Rebrandings have become commonplace on the hotel landscape. Research has not directly examined rebrandings from the employee's perspective, nor has previous research considered the impacts of rebranding on service quality and customer outcomes. In this paper we discuss the role of service climate and employee identification in hospitality organizations and propose a conceptual model that links service climate and employee identification with customer service and related outcomes such as word of mouth communication behaviours. As part of a larger project, 228 employees in three hotels in Australia completed a self-report survey. At the time of the survey, the hotels were undergoing rebranding processes. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis investigated the relationships between the variables of interest. Preliminary findings demonstrate the significant role of customer-contact aspects of service climate and the role of employee identification with their department in predicting employee perceptions of customer outcomes. Future research is proposed.


Addition of fullerene in concentration between 0.065 and 0.75 phr increases Schob elasticity, hardness, and modulus of NR-based rubber. There is no substantial influence of fullerene on Tg, tan δ, and G-modulus all evaluated by DMA at twisting within a temperature range −150 to −50°C (glassy state). At temperatures between 0 and 150°C (rubbery state) it is different, namely an increase in modulus and some changes in the slope of segments in G(T) curves were observed. It could be resulted from additional strong physical junctions of the rubber network. This suggests the growth of degradation energies of the branching junctions and related rise in the aging resistance as concentration of fullerene increases. Simultaneously, it could be expected some reduction of tire temperature at service. Because of this, introduction of fullerene could be reasonable for tread rubbers in case of reduction of its price. Permittivity and dielectric loss angle are correlated with fullerene concentration. Compounding technology when fullerene dispersed within carbon black is mixed with raw rubber on available machines could be easily implemented in the industry. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 390–398, 2006


Protein translocation into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) constitutes the first step of protein secretion. ER protein import is essential in all eukaryotic cells and is particularly critical in fast‐growing tumour cells. Thus, the process can serve as target both for potential cancer drugs and for bacterial virulence factors. Inhibitors of protein transport across the ER membrane range from broad‐spectrum to highly substrate‐specific and can interfere with virtually any stage of this multistep process, and even with transport of endocytosed antigens into the cytosol for cross‐presentation.


Linear stability characteristics of an anomalous sub-diffusive activator–inhibitor system are investigated through a mesoscopic model, where anomaly ensues by a memory integro-differential operator with an equal anomaly exponent for all species. It is shown that monotonic instability, known from normal diffusion, persists in the anomalous system, thereby allowing Turing pattern occurrence. Presence of anomaly stabilizes the system by diminution of the range of diffusion coefficients' ratio involving instability. In addition, the maximal growth rate is diminished, proving the existence of an absolutely stable anomalous system.


Ease of Use can be thought of as consisting of two components: Ease of Learning and Ease of Doing. In the past, most of the attention in discussions of Ease of Use has focused on Ease of Learning. This is the motivation behind consideration for the "naive" or "casual" user. The most common approach has been to allow trading computing functionality for Ease of Learning. This makes the most commonly performed tasks very simple to perform, but prevents a wide range of other tasks from being performed at all. This affects Ease of Doing.Ease of Doing is a concept that has been primarily associated with expert users of computing systems. A task is only Easy to Do on a computer if the proper tools have been provided for doing it. Since there is an enormous range of tasks to apply systems to, there must also be a large collection of tools. A great variety of software tools that are finely tuned to particular applications should be made available to users. In addition, the system should be extensible to allow for ready customization.We feel that a sophisticated personal computing environment must provide a quick path for casual users to be able to operate parts of the system, and yet allow more habitual users a path to gain mastery over the more esoteric components of the system with time.


evaluation of an abdominal mass in the other). In both instances there were clinical and histopathologic findings that are typical of this rare idiopathic disease. Although Ingber and colleagues. acknowledge that "the appearance of a dermatologic disorder in the two patients soon after the exposure to ultrasound might be coincidental", they believe that a connection between the exposure to ultrasound and the pustular eruption may exist. They hypothesize that ultrasound directly affects living tissues, possibly increasing chemotactic activity, and point out that this increased activity has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Sneddon-Wilkinson disease. Although the authors admit to the highly speculative nature of their comments, their observations do indeed merit attention. Vigilance and strict adherence to the accepted indications for ultrasonography have to be maintained in order to detect and minimize any potential side effects of this very useful diagnostic tool.


The need for lipstick continues to increase along with the emergence of a new lipstick products both domestic and global brands to follow the needs of its consumers, the new product has a variety of functions other than just as a lip color, but also as a moisturizer / lip protection even as treatment. Adult lipstick is packed with advertisements and packaging are very interesting addition to the color choice of more and more. In determining the selection of lipstick products consumers often consider the combination of the main attributes and other factors that are trade-offs. This study aims to determine the attributes and combination of attributes among the most preferred by consumers for a segment of the age and the amount of income. Sources of data in this study were obtained from 138 respondents in the city of Bogor and its surroundings, conjoint analysis is used to determine the usefulness of each attribute and their relative weights as a tool to predict the preferences of a particular segment or as a whole. The results showed the order of importance weight according to the respondents is that the quality attributes (34.95%), the type of color (33.21%) and benefits (31.84%), while the combination of the most preferred products are: lipstick durable / waterproof, according to skin color, and functioning for moisturizing / protective lip. In the description also delivered conjoin analysis results for each age and income segments. Keywords: conjoint analysis, lipstick, part-worth utilities, post-hoc, trade-off, segmentation.


A new method for position sensorless control with randomly injected high-frequency square wave signal injection is investigated in order to reduce the noise impact attached to the conventional high-frequency signal injection method as software redundancy in practical applications of electric vehicles. The method improves the spectral concentration problem caused by the traditional fixed switching probability method by varying the switching probability in real time, and then eliminates the use of low-pass filters in the traditional method by means of an improved filter-free signal separation strategy that takes into account the sampling delay, increasing the control bandwidth of the system while reducing the estimated rotor position error. Simulation results show that the proposed method has both good noise reduction performance and observation accuracy.


Abstract Let R be a semiprime ring with center Z(R) and θ be a surjective homomorphism. In this paper, we prove that T is a θ-centralizer if one of the following holds: (i) T(x)θ(y) = θ(x)T(y) for all x, y ∈ R, where T is a mapping. (ii) [T(x), θ(x)] = 0 for all x ∈ R, where T is a left θ-centralizer. (iii) 2T(xyx) = T(x)θ(y)θ(x) + θ(x)θ(y)T(x) for all x, y ∈ R, where T is an additive mapping, θ(Z(R)) = Z(R) and R is 2-torsion free.