Online classes in teacher education are becoming more common in higher education in the United States as universities realize that the same outcomes can be achieved without requiring preservice and in-service teachers to enter a physical classroom. This provides savings to both the student and university and fosters broader access to higher education and teacher education. In this series of case studies, we highlight both practical and innovative approaches as we analyze and discuss our experiences building and implementing online teacher education programs. We describe three new online programs on the west coast of the United States: a master's degree in teaching in Cali-fornia, a reading endorsement program in Oregon, and a credential program in special education in Washington State. We discuss the initial program outcomes and the lessons learned to help guide teacher educators, administrators, and researchers in institutes of higher education. We culminate with five general recommendations for those considering program change or creation.


By similar triangles, the coordinates of Y are (c, √ c), where c = 2 + √ 5. The tangent to the circle at Q has slope √ g, so passes through (c, √ c) = Y . Alternatively, we have P (a, √ a) and Q(a,− √ a), where a = ( √ 5 − 1)/2. The tangent at the point (t2, t) on the parabola has equation 2ty = x + t2 so its distance from the origin is t2(4t2 + 1)− 1 2 . Setting this distance equal to 1 gives X = (c,− √ c) and Y = (c, √ c) where c = 2 + √ 5. Hence the dot product −−→ OP · OX = 1 and so −−→ OP · PX = −−→ OP · ( OX − OP ) = 1− 1 = 0.


2014 The influence of substituting Al3+, Ga3+ and Cr3+ ions for Fe3+ ions on the magnetic properties of yttrium, gadolinium, dysprosium and erbium garnets is studied. An interpretation of the results obtained is given. LE JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE ET LE RADIUM TOME 20, FÉVRIER-MARS 1959,


Ruling the country according to the Constitution is the core and essence of ruling the country according to law.Ruling by law has natural relationship with the constitution and constitutional government.The basic demand of ruling by law is to guarantee the rights of citizens through standardizing and restricting government power;the complete realization of this goal can be achieved only under the condition of constitutional government.The fulfillment of ruling by law first demands a constitution in the spirit of constitutional government.Perfect ruling by law is one under the condition of constitutional government;ruling by law with the guarantee of constitutional government is a real one.Only by carrying out constitutional government can we really promote the development of ruling by law and realize the goal of ruling the country according to law.Our country has started the process of"ruling the country according to law and building up a socialist country ruled by law",therefore,we must firmly carry out and implement the constitution and constitutional government.


The overview presents data on the development of typhoid fever persistence infection associated with the expression of genes specific for S. Typhi pathogenicity island 7 (OSP7). Development of is linked with expression of Salmonella pathogenicity island 7 (SPI7), which is specific for S. Typhi. Expression of the gene tviA from SPI7 promotes S. Typhi to escape recognition by immune system. Other 4 genes of SPI7 are linked with synthesis and secretion of typhoid genotoxin, which by inducing demage of immune cells DNA, is putative cause development of persistence infection. Key words: S. Typhi, SPI7, gene tviA, typhoid genotoxin, chronic infection


An important driver of research and of academic careers is grant funding. This article aims to analyse the impact of various factors (specifically gender, nationality and ethnicity) on the success of grant applications. We use data from applications of applicants based at a technical university in the U.K. The study is based on 5 years of observational data -- and thus results should not be considered as evidence of discrimination, as there may very well be plausible explanations which cannot be excluded with the available data. We find no evidence for an unequal funding allocation across gender for research council or charity funding overall. However, we do find statistically significant differences in application success between other groups. For instance, gender seems to have an effect on success rates among more junior academic ranks (specifically lecturer and senior lecturers), and success rates also differ between BAME (Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic) and white ethnicities. These inequalities are still persistent after applying data matching to correct for potential biases.


The Long Island Sound Watersheds (LISW) are experiencing significant land use/cover change (LUCC), which affects the environment and ecosystems in the watersheds through water pollution, carbon emissions, and loss of wildlife. LUCC modeling is an important approach to understanding what has happened in the landscape and what may change in the future. Moreover, prospective modeling can provide sustainable and efficient decision support for land planning and environmental management. This paper modeled the LUCCs between 1996, 2001 and 2006 in the LISW in the New England region, which experienced an increase in developed area and a decrease of forest. The low-density development pattern played an important role in the loss of forest and the expansion of urban areas. The key driving forces were distance to developed areas, distance to roads, and social-economic drivers, such as nighttime light intensity and population density. In addition, this paper compared and evaluated two integrated LUCC models—the logistic regression–Markov chain model and the multi-layer perception–Markov chain (MLP–MC) model. Both models achieved high accuracy in prediction, but the MLP–MC model performed slightly better. Finally, a land use map for 2026 was predicted by using the MLP–MC model, and it indicates the continued loss of forest and increase of developed area.


Digital Storytelling allows the use of multi-format tools to create hybrid narratives that can be enhanced with the stop motion animation technique in an interactive way. The study aimed to develop digital and creative skills in university students. In this study participated 38 students training for early childhood education teaching enrolled in the course of Expression and artistic creativity of a national university of Peru. Training sessions were developed for the realization of an individual project that included a didactic process for the creation of a digital story using plastic graphic techniques and the montage of frames with stop motion. Digital and creative competencies were assessed through analytical rubrics. The results place 53% of the students at the high level in the development of digital competence, followed by 45% at the medium level and 2% at the low level. Regarding the evaluation of creative competence, the results are encouraging: 58% of the students are at the high level,37% at the medium level, and 5% at the low level. It is concluded that the use of Digital Storytelling and stop motion were positive in the teaching-learning process and the development of competencies.


The ultrasonic velocity, density, viscosity in mixtures of poly ethylene glycol (PEG) and dextrin's (Maltodextrin (MD), β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD) and amylose) in different concentration ranges are measured at three different temperatures 303, 313 and 323K. PEG is used to make emulsifying agents, soaps, detergents, ointments, plasticizers etc. Dextrins are used as a tablet disintegrating agent and use of such excipient in wet, dry, and directly compressible tablet formulations for pharmaceutical use. From the experimental data, other related acoustical parameters such as adiabatic compressibility (β ), intermolecular free length (Lf), internal pressure (pi), Rao's constant (Ra), relaxation time (t), acoustical impedance (Za), absorption coefficient (α /f 2 ), free volume (Vf) and cohesive energy (CE) have been evaluated. All these parameters have been discussed separately to throw light on the polymer - dextrin's interactions. These properties are attributed to solute-solven t interactions through hydrogen bonding. The FT-IR analysis also carried out for vibration assignment and conformation of compatibility.


In 1920 Chowla made the following conjecture. Let pn denote the nth prime; if q ⩾ 3, (q, a) = 1 then there are infinitely many pairs of consecutive primes pn and pn+1 such that


This Acceptance Test Report (ATR) documents the results of WHC-SD-WM-ATP-146 (Prototype Cone Penetrometer Moisture Probe Acceptance Test Procedure) and WHC-SD-WM-ATP-145 (Cone Penetrometer Moisture Probe Acceptance Test Procedure). The master copy of WHC-SD-WM-ATP-145 can be found in Appendix A and the master copy of WHC-SD-WM-ATP-146 can be found in Appendix B. Also included with this report is a matrix showing design criteria of the cone penetrometer moisture probe and the verification method used (Appendix C).


The size of crime's burden informs the prioritization of crime-prevention efforts and influences our legal, political, and cultural stance toward crime. This research quantifies crime's burden with an estimate of the annual cost of crime in the United States. While most existing studies focus on particular regions, types of crime, or cost categories, the scope of this article includes the direct and indirect cost of all crime in the United States. Beyond the expenses of law enforcement, criminal justice, and victim losses, the cost of crime includes expenditures on private deterrence, the implicit cost of fear and agony, and the opportunity cost of time lost due to crime. The estimated annual cost of crime, net of transfers from victim to criminal, is $1.7 trillion.


Modular adaptive optics provides the means to produce a scalable, state-of-the-art wavefront correction device with both high spatial and temporal frequency. A modular methodology, traceable back to the revolutionary monolithic piezoelectric mirror (MPM), is being incorporated into a new generation of wavefront corrector. The modular approach combines established conventional wavefront corrector technology with technology developed for the electronic microcircuit industry. Electrostrictive lead-magnesium-niobate (PMN), a material which operates at low voltages, dissipates little power, and exhibits negligible hysteresis, is the material of choice for the advanced microactuator development. In addition to meeting the technical performance issues, additional emphasis is placed on providing a design which is easily maintained, scalable, and cost effective.


A substantial body of research indicates that adolescent maltreatment, like child maltreatment, is associated with elevated levels of delinquency. Criminologists typically account for this relationship by invoking one of three dominant frameworks in criminological theory: "Social control" theorists contend that adolescent maltreatment disrupts important delinquency-inhibiting ties; "social learning" theorists emphasize the deviant values and patterns of behavior that are learned from those that administer maltreatment; whereas "social-psychological strain" theorists emphasize the criminogenic emotions likely to arise among maltreated adolescents, such as anger and resentment. This study uses national survey data to assess the relative merits of these competing explanations. The results provide limited support for all three explanations. The findings are discussed in terms of the need for a more general and complex understanding of the adolescent maltreatment-delinquency relationship.


Background: The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of neuropathic pain in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) during rehabilitation and follow-up, and to examine the relationship between neuropathic pain and the demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients. Methods: The medical records of 93 patients who were admitted to our inpatient rehabilitation hospital with a diagnosis of SCI were evaluated. Patients with neuropathic pain were contacted by telephone after discharge and questioned whether the pain continued and whether they were on any medication. Results: The mean age was 38.73 ± 15 years. Thirty-two percent of the group consisted of women. Based on neurological levels, 28 (30.4%) patients were tetraplegic, 49 (53.3%) were paraplegic and 15 (16.3%) had conuscauda equina injury. Sixty-four patients (68.8%) had complete lesions and 28 patients had incomplete lesions (The American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS) grade B-D). Neuropathic pain was present in 49 (52.7%) and absent in 44 (47.3%) patients during their hospital stay. While a statistically significant difference was found between the groups in terms of gender, there was no such difference for mean age, SCI etiology, neurological level and AIS grade (p=0.021, p=0.151, p=0.368, p=0.686, p=0.340). During follow-up, the pain continued in 36 (78.3%) patients and had resolved in 10 (21.7%) patients. The daily living activities were affected in 23 (55%) patients. When we questioned the treatment in the neuropathic pain group, 28 (77.8%) of the patients did not take any medication for neuropathic pain while 8 (22.2%) were on related medication. Conclusion: Taking into account that neuropathic pain is an important factor that affects daily living activities, SCI patients should be evaluated in detail to determine the characteristic of any pain, and the medical treatment prescribed to the patient should be closely monitored.


The author expounds the special contribution of anthropology in the integrated and synthetic study of exploring relations between humans'behavior and their cultures as a whole.


The improvement of the main monitored technical parameters of the production devices is connected with the optimization of the individual structural components and construction nodes of these devices. Mainly those critical structural nodes of the devices that have a significant impact on the quality of the products manufactured by this device and its service life are studied. This paper briefly presents the results of experimental and numerical analysis of stresses and strains of selected structural components of the injection device, such as the connecting and guiding columns and the adjustable push plate. The relevant analyses of stresses and strains have been connected with the performance of a series of experimental and computer simulations. The results of these simulations then became an important basis for further optimization of selected structural parts of the injection device.


The study is concerned with the extent to which workplace wage drift is influenced by establishment-specific or occupation-specific factors. It demonstrates, by analysis of variance of pay data from a survey of 44 occupations in 198 workplaces, that the sources of variation are predominantly establishment-specific. There is evidence of a link between the amount of discretion an employer exercises in the labour market and the degree of concentration in his product market. It is argued that discussions of pay determination have been unduly preoccupied with labour market processes and have neglected the variation in employer behaviour arising from differences in product market.


The low efficiency of far-field wireless power transfer (WPT) limits the fundamental rate-energy (R-E) performance trade-off of the simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) system. To address this challenge, we propose in this letter a new SWIPT system aided by the emerging intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) technology. By leveraging massive low-cost passive elements that are able to reflect the signals with adjustable phase shifts, IRS achieve a high passive beamforming gain, which is appealing for drastically enhancing the WPT efficiency and thereby the R-E trade-off of SWIPT systems. We consider an IRS being deployed to assist a multi-antenna access point (AP) to serve multiple information decoding receivers (IDRs) and energy harvesting receivers (EHRs). We aim to maximize the weighted sum-power received by EHRs via jointly optimizing the transmit precoders at the AP and reflect phase shifts at the IRS, subject to the individual signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) constraints for IDRs. Since this problem is non-convex, we propose efficient algorithms to obtain suboptimal solutions for it. In particular, we prove that it is sufficient to send information signals only at the AP to serve both IDRs and EHRs regardless of their channel realizations. Moreover, simulation results show significant performance gains achieved by our proposed designs over benchmark schemes.


After years of oil production in the Middle East, conventional electric submersible pump (ESP) placement at inclination of 45° is no longer deep enough to enable inflow of hydrocarbons. As a result, in some fields a packer placement is pushed deeper and closer to a reservoir at 55°-70° inclination which negatively impacts the ability to set packer with conventionally slick-line run plug system. The paper provides information on technologies used to overcome challenges associated by use of creative solution of modified slick-line run tubing plug system aiming to set the production packers at high inclination, in excess of 45°.
 This optimized system eliminates risk of weakened slickline jarring action across deviated wellbore by optimizing landing plug design, completion string configuration and landing profile criteria at which plug is deployed to pressurize tubing and set completion packer. The manuscript discusses torque and drag modeling utilized to plan and monitor deployment of modified slick-line system across high deviated and extended reach (ERD) wells. Finally, paper concludes with a detailed deployment BHA, execution road map and contingencies.
 The abovementioned system was successfully implemented across 5 extended reach wells (ERD) with packer set at an inclination up to 70°. Revised approached enabled optimization of both slick-line BHA and completion string such, that cost is reduced by over 30% compared to other wells where packer was set with conventional approaches like coiled tubing and wireline tractor. Furthermore, time associated with completion operation has been reduced by more than 2 days. Utilized model of slick-line deployment is currently adopted by the operator as standard practice to set ESP packer across highly deviated trajectories for both multi- and single lateral extended reach oil wells.
 The document provides a novel approach to set production packer at high inclination by utilization of optimized deployment BHA comparing to more expensive and time-consuming alternative approaches. It also provides technical feasibility analysis for slickline deployment into wellbores of high inclination. The proposed approach can be implemented any project worldwide to optimize both wireline and slick-line operation and thereby improving the performance.


This paper describes an industrial structure and its equation system of a circular economy for material circulation and builds a system dynamic model for resources recycling utilization based on Compartment Model Theory. A circulation multiplier and its computational formula are defined for measuring the efficiency of resources recycling utilization. The simulated results indicate that the resources recycling utilization can not only realize the amount accumulation of natural resources and improve the resources recycling efficiency but can minimize discharges into natural environment by means of adjustment to each compartment parameter in the circular economy.


Grasslands are the basis for a stable agriculture in the northeast USA. However, knowledge of the interactive effects of the diverse soils and climate of this region on grassland production remains scant. Our objective was to quantify the effect of soil environment on grassland biomass and N accumulation. The study was conducted for 3 yr on four sites in central Pennsylvania selected for soil water holding capacity and temperature regime. Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) was treated with a split application (50%/50%) of 0, 84, and 168 kg N ha -1 of 15 N depleted ammonium nitrate. Biweekly biomass samples were taken starting 30 April of each year and continuing until the grass heading stage. At heading, plots were cut at a 7.5-cm stubble height and all herbage removed. Plots were refertilized with the second half of the N and monthly biomass sampling commenced on 31 July and continued until 31 October []


The integral relationship between the occurrence of lymphocyte nuclear pockets (LNPs) and BLV-infection was examined in Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle in Korea. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) was used to detect LNP in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Morphologically, the membranes of LNP were composed of two layers of double nuclear membrane. The full thickness of LNP membranes including inner and outer nuclear membrane was 60 to 70 nm. LNP prevalence was different according to the bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection status; in BLV-seropositive cattle, LNP prevalence was 48.4% and in BLV-seronegative cattle prevalence was 5.9%. Moreover, even in seropositive animals, leukemic group was the highest at 70% positive among the groups, followed by suspect group (42.4%) and aleukemic group (23.1%). Consequently, the numbers of LNP were increased in proportion to increase of the numbers of leukocytes among BLV-seropositive cattle. The numbers of LNP per lymphocyte were increased in BLV- seropositive cattle compared with seronegative cattle. The mean numbers of LNP per 100-lymphocytes were 0.35, 0.77, 1.64 and 4.7 in BLV-seronegative, BLV-seropositive aleukemic, suspect and leukemic groups, respectively. Thus, it is reasonable that LNP test can be used as the one of the diagnostic criteria of BLV infection. (Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 2005. Vol 18, No. 6 : 879-883)


Hydraulic fracturing technology has been widely applied in the industry for the recovery of the natural resources such as gas, oil and geothermal heat from hot dry rock. During hydraulic fracturing stimulation, multiple cracks are created resulting in mechanical interaction between cracks. Such an interaction influences obtaining hydraulic fracturing key parameters (crack opening, length, and borehole net pressure). The boundary collocation method (BCM) has been proved to be very effective in considering mechanical interaction. However, for better confidence, it needs to be verified by comparison with analytical solutions such as stress intensity factors. In this paper, three cases, single fracture in remote uniaxial tension, single fracture in remote shear stress field and two arbitrary segments in an infinite plane loaded at infinity are considered. As a result, the BCM is proved to be valid technique to consider mechanical interaction between cracks and can be used to estimate the hydraulic fracturing parameters such as opening of the fracture, and so on.


Transform coding techniques for image transmission are examined in detail and compared to the DCT (discrete cosine transform) under the same conditions, e.g. data rate, type of quantization of coefficients, number of operations needed, suitability for real-time execution, and quality of the received image. The quality is measured by objective (normalized mean square error) and subjective criteria. The images used in the experiments represent different situations which may arise in practice (buildings, head and shoulder, aerial images). These investigations show that the LOT (lapped orthogonal transform) has some advantages at data rates about 0.5 b/pixel, although DCT is better regarding computing speed and ringing effects.<<ETX>>


This tutorial chapter provides an overview of the human brain anatomy. Knowledge of brain anatomy is fundamental to our understanding of cognitive processes in health and disease; moreover, anatomical constraints are vital for neu-rocomputational models and can be important for psychological theorizing as well. The main challenge in understanding brain anatomy is to integrate the different levels of description ranging from molecules to macroscopic brain networks. This chapter contains three main sections. The first section provides a brief introduction to the neuroanatomical nomenclature. The second section provides an introduction to the different levels of brain anatomy and describes commonly used atlases for the visualization of functional imaging data. The third section provides a concrete example of how human brain structure relates to performance.


Disclosed is a system including a plurality of modulators for receiving at least one of first data signals from a termination and for receiving at least one of second data signals from other than the termination and for combining the at least one of first data signals and the at least one second data signals into an output signal having a plurality of data channels for delivery to a plurality of modems where the at least one of second data signals bypass the termination.


The present invention relates to a method for joining at least the at least one first ceramic bonding partner (2) one second joining partner (3), said method at that time, the following steps: at least one preceramic polymer (4) the applied to the first and / or junction region (7) in a second bonding on partner (2,3), and joining partners (2, 3) together in the junction region (7) and heating the junction area (7), the preceramic polymer (4), characterized by conversion to the ceramic amorphous and / or crystalline coupling joining partners (2, 3) to each other. The present invention further consists of the use of the first ceramic bonding partner (2) at least one second joining partner (3) and preceramic polymer for bonding (4) and two junction partner (2,3) , at least one of these relates to a complex comprising a ceramic material.


Using a combination of affinity chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry, we recently identified 8 MHC class II (I-Ab) -bound Chlamydia peptides eluted from dendritic cells (DCs) infected with Chlamydia muridarum. In this study we cloned and purified the source proteins that contained each of these peptides and determined that three of the eight peptide/protein Ags were immunodominant (PmpG-1, RplF, and PmpE/F-2) as identified by IFN-γ ELISPOT assay using splenocytes from C57BL/6 mice recovered from C. muridarum infection. To evaluate whether the three immunodominant Chlamydia protein Ags were also able to protect mice against Chlamydia infection in vivo, we adoptively transferred LPS-matured DCs transfected ex vivo with the cationic liposome DOTAP (N-[1-(2,3-dioleoyloxy)propyl]-N,N,N-trimethylammonium methyl-sulfate) and individual PmpG-1(25–500aa), RplF, or PmpE/F-2 (25–575 aa) proteins. The results showed that the transfected Chlamydia proteins were efficiently delivered intracellularly into DCs. Mice vaccinated with DCs transfected with individual Chlamydia protein PmpG-125–500, RplF, or PmpE/F-225–575 exhibited significant resistance to challenge infection as indicated by reduction in the median Chlamydia inclusion forming units in both the lung and genital tract models. The major outer membrane protein was used as a reference Ag but conferred significant protection only in the genital tract model. Overall, vaccination with DCs transfected with PmpG-125–500 exhibited the greatest degree of protective immunity among the four Chlamydia Ags tested. This study demonstrates that T cell peptide Ags identified by immunoproteomics can be successfully exploited as T cell protein-based subunit vaccines and that PmpG-125–500 protein may be a suitable vaccine candidate for further evaluation.


Disclosed is a rail cap (1) for a bar, in particular socket, foot, ceiling or wall strip or the like. According to the invention a breaking edge and / or at least one target cutting edge for adapting the rail cap (1) on at least two strips, at least with different strip cross-sections provided by breaking at the predetermined breaking edge and / or by cutting along the desired cutting edge.


The equivalent source technique is a powerful and widely used method for processing gravity and magnetic data. Nevertheless, its major drawback is the large computational cost in terms of processing time and computer memory. We present two techniques for reducing the computational cost of equivalent source processing: block-averaging source locations and the gradient-boosted equivalent source algorithm. Through block-averaging, we reduce the number of source coefficients that must be estimated while retaining the minimum desired resolution in the final processed data. With the gradient-boosting method, we estimate the sources coefficients in small batches along overlapping windows, allowing us to reduce the computer memory requirements arbitrarily to conform to the constraints of the available hardware. We show that the combination of block-averaging and gradient-boosted equivalent sources is capable of producing accurate interpolations through tests against synthetic data. Moreover, we demonstrate the feasibility of our method by gridding a gravity data set covering Australia with over 1.7 million observations using a modest personal computer.


Midori is a light weight block cipher recently presented by Banik et al in ASIACRYPT 2015. There are two versions of Midori with state sizes of 64-bit and 128-bit respectively. The round function is based on Substitution-Permutation Network(SPN). In this paper, we give impossible differential cryptanalysis of Midori64. We studied the non-linear layer of the cipher and give two useful properties. We also find the first 6-round impossible differential paths with two non-zero and equal input cells and one non-zero output cell, and then mount 10-round attack. This is the first impossible differential attack on Midori.


A one-step [3+2] cycloaddition of vicinally substituted donor-acceptor cyclopropanes to aldehydes catalysed by BF3*OEt2 leading to 2,3,5-trisubstituted tetrahydrofurans have been developed. This methodology has the advantage of broad substrate scope, good yields and high diastereoselectivity.


In the fuel tank, canister and, arranged by closing block for closing the new air inlet port of the canister valve, and a purge control valve and a shut-off valve closed (閉塞) a fuel pressure sensor for detecting the pressure in the steam path that is in the fuel tank that is, the block control valve and a purge control valve and a fuel supply control unit to input a detection signal of the pressure sensor to calculate the pressure and issue the leakage diagnosis based on the detection results of the pressure sensor is disposed in the fuel tank.


In a world characterized by macroeconomic uncertainty, rapid social change and technological innovation and mounting citizen expectations of what government ought to deliver, there is imperative need to expose the management of the public sector and the country to global market forces and competition. Among the external factors that influence the performance of a government and the delivery of public services are the outcomes of relationships with other nations. This paper therefore, explored the moderating effect of global competitiveness on the relationship between performance contracting, measurement and service delivery (expressed as customer satisfaction) in Kenya. The study was based on the results of measurement and evaluation of the performance of 470 public agencies that operated on performance contracts between 2004 and 2011. Using regression analysis, it was found initially that global competitiveness had a weak positive relationship with customer satisfaction. The results show that global competitiveness explained 0.7 percent (Δ R2 = 0.007) on the direct effect of performance measurement on customer satisfaction and had an average mean of 3.698 on a scale of 1 (very low) and 7 (very competitive). The change in the F-value caused by the © Ndubai, Mbeche & Pokhariyal Licensed under Creative Common Page 100 moderating effect was 0.343 and was not significant since the derived p-value of 0.569 was greater than 0.05. Since the derived p-value was greater than 0.05, the hypothesis was supported and was that there is no significant moderating effect of global competitiveness on the relationship between performance contracting, measurement and public service delivery in Kenya. The performance measurement variable had a t-value of 5.789 and was statistically significant while the effect of global competitiveness was positive although not statistically significant.


This paper proposes a modeling approach for biodegradation of implant-bone scaffolds. A Computer simulation was performed to determine the wall shear stress (WSS) and permeability of simulated body fluid (SBF) with a constant flow rate of 0.025 ml/min. In this study, four morphological samples were used to immersion time from 0 to 72 hours. Each specimen was given a different bone strain (1000-3500 μstrain) which created a variation of displacement in the bone scaffold. The method used in the simulation was the fluid-structure interaction (FSI). The pressure drop through the specimen decreases linearly, the permeability increases as the porosity increases, and the mean wall shear stress decreases due to the length of the immersion time. It was obtained that the permeability values of the implant-bone scaffold increases from 7.79×10-10 m 2 to 1.09×10-9 m 2 and the mean shear stress values decrease from 2.86×10 -3 Pa to 1.38×10 -3 Pa.


In Golan v. Holder, the U.S. Supreme Court held that section 514 of the Uruguay Round Agreements Act (Uruguay Round Act), which had been enacted to implement the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works (Convention), neither exceeds Congress's authority under the Copyright Clause nor violates the First Amendment's free speech guarantees. Golan v. Holder holds two noteworthy implications for American copyright law. First, it affirms the internationalization of this law after two centuries of either full (the first century) or partial (the second century) rejection of the rights of foreign creators. Second, it rejects a narrow, utilitarian understanding of incentives to create as the sole explanation for this law in favor of a broader account.


© Touch MEdical MEdia 2014 In order to comply with the latest recommendations outlined by ICMJE the publisher would like to make the following amendments to the Disclosure section: Terri P McVeigh and Michael J Kerin have no conflicts of interest to declare. No funding was received in the publication of this article. Citation: Oncology & Hematology Review, 2014;10(2):iv [online only] Erratum to: Oncology & Hematology Review, 2014;10(1):33–6 Sequencing of Therapy in Breast Cancer


The rotational dynamics of a segmentally flexible model, the elastic trumbbell, has been studied using a Brownian dynamics simulation technique. The model is composed of three beads jointed by two bonds. A potential that is quadratic in the bending angle describes the partial flexibility of the model. The correlation analysis of the simulated trajectories gives rotational correlation functions, of which we have preferentially studied those of the second Legendre polynomial of the reorientation angle of the bond and end‐to‐end vectors. The relaxation times derived from these correlation functions are compared with those predicted by other treatments of the rotational dynamics of segmentally flexible macromolecules.


This paper presents partial observability techniques for calculating the minimum number of Phasor measurement units (PMUs) required in a power system. The concept of unobservability and various aspects of its effect on the number of PMUs placement are introduced and explained respectively. We formulate the PMU placement problem at a subset of system buses to accomplish different objectives. Furthermore, a MAXOBSERVE problem is introduced to determine the maximum number of observed buses considered at each set of PMUs. We then proof that the minimum number of PMUs placement in a power system based on partial observability require 1/4 of the buses, which provide a more economical solution to system observability compared to the number required for complete observability.


In the second part of this article I propose to translate these general concepts in the first into specific suggestions for the design and use of records. What follows is an illustrated description of an improved record system that can be used with the existing medical record envelopes or with A4 files. Many of its features derive from concepts contained in problem-orientated medical records, but it lacks a formal problem list and deviates in other ways from the structure of a traditional problemorientated record. For this reason I have avoided calling it a problem-orientated record. For description the system may be divided into five different parts.


With the rapid development of national economy, the water transportation is playing a more and more important role in the transportation area. The ship lock is one of the most significant facilities in the inland water transportation. Reverse tainter valves are the most common valve type found on navigation locks. In this paper, the reverse tainter valve for the ship lock gate was introduced. Characteristics of the reverse tainter valve were summarized. In addition, a condition monitoring system was designed to investigate the running state the reverse tainter valve.


The literature shows that many adults with disabilities and their families prefer integrated employment. Federal and state policies promote participation of individuals with disabilities in the general labor market, yet the majority of individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID) attend facility-based programs. The purpose of this paper is to determine what factors influence adults with intellectual disabilities and their families in choosing between sheltered workshops and integrated employment. To this end, adults with ID (210), families (185), and staff members in sheltered workshops (224) were surveyed. Findings showed that, when deciding about day services, some adults with ID and their families had concerns about safety, transportation, long-term placement, work hours, disability benefits, social environment, and work skills issues. Long-term placement, safety, and social environment emerged as the most important concerns. Additionally, professionals in disability services appeared to play a relatively minimal role in encouraging adults with ID and their families to pursue integrated employment and in some cases, professionals have even encouraged adults with ID and their families to choose sheltered workshops. Recommendations are provided for advancing the transition of adults with ID from sheltered workshops to integrated employment.


Many cultural and economic shifts await the delivery of aging services. How might we best find solutions? Much of the thinking about the future of aging services rests on the valid assumption that what we now think of as "old age" is going to get a good bit older. It is probable that people will, on average, work longer and reach old age in somewhat better shape than did their predecessors. Today's older adult population will be with us tomorrow, though it is likely to be more racially and culturally diverse. The challenge for today's analysts as they think about the future is to remember that diversity has many elements beyond race and ethnicity. There will be many elders with insufficient resources to meet their needs. In fact, it is likely that the total number of older people with inadequate incomes will increase, even if the percentage of all older people does not. The same is true for the number of older people with physical, cognitive, and intellectual challenges. However, the group that seems least recognized in forecasts is composed of those who will reach old age after a life of hard labor working in often dangerous, physically taxing jobs. Much of the forecasted employment growth in our society is expected to occur in the service industries, where much of the work remains physical, and the wages are low. These individuals will be challenged to work full time into later years, and will probably retire with low retirement incomes. Because aging services can legitimately be construed so broadly as to defy description, I am going to concentrate on elder services supplied by local agencies, primarily in community dwellings. These agencies are usually, though not always, nonprofit organizations or arms of local government. In many parts of the country, local service systems are increasingly focus- ing on persons of all ages with physical disabilities, even though traditionally age-segregated programs, such as senior centers and centers for independent living, still dominate how most services are organized. Funding of Aging Services As a veteran of what is called the aging network (that is, the nationwide system of services funded or guided by the principles of the Older Americans Act and its related service activities), I have a great deal of respect for how unpredictable the future seems at any point in time. Since the aging network's dawn in the early 1970s, we have known there would be more people of advanced age. The number of people with needs for assistance across the spectrum of services has grown, too. We also knew that public resources would be constrained for a long time to come. For people working at the state and local levels, that pretty well describes the environment in which they have been working for years. So we have a paradox: growing need and demand, growing service systems, and a continuing scarcity of funds. The complexity of this situation is compounded by the fact that these services have historically been funded in very different ways from state to state, and even community to community. In Pennsylvania, funds from the Pennsylvania Lottery supported a range of services for older people ineligible for Medicaid. Meanwhile, Ohio relies primarily on funds from local property taxes for services that vary in scope. Many local services, such as home-delivered meals and senior centers, are supported largely or entirely with public funds, while others rely significantly on philanthropy and volunteers, along with in-kind contributions from community institutions such as hospitals, housing authorities, and municipalities. Therefore, it is difficult to describe both how services are funded and to assess their accessibility across states. Today, many services in the community are funded directly or indirectly by Medicaid, the federal-state funding partnership that has become the largest funder of long-term services and supports (LTSS). Nursing home care is a "mandatory service" under Medicaid, and as a result, it emerged as the dominant method for providing care to those with needs for long-term care. …


Preface 000 Introduction by Will Campbell 000 A Perspective of Central High by Ernest Dumas 1 An Unexpected Crisis by Robert S. McCord 9 Covering the Crisis 29 Back to Central High 57 The Congressional Gold Medal 75 Epilogue by Robert S. McCord 77


The utility model discloses an extrusion resistant type composite cable which comprises an optical fiber, a plurality of alloy conductors which are wrapped by insulation layers. The optical fiber is externally provided with a loose tube and an elastic layer which is formed by a thermoplastic elastomer through extrusion molding. The plurality of insulated alloy conductors are twisted with the optical fiber which is wrapped by the elastic layer as a center to form a cable core which is wrapped by a fiberglass cloth thickening layer and a fireproof layer. The fireproof layer is adhered together by using a double-layer polyester tape and then is subjected to overlap wrapping, the thickness of the fireproof layer is not less than 2.5 mm, and the fireproof layer is externally provided with a foaming layer which is wrapped by a shielding layer and a sheath layer. The extrusion resistant type composite cable is simple in structure, online monitoring of the cable is facilitated, the optical fiber is designed at the center of the cable core, combined with the cushioning of the elastic layer, the fiberglass cloth thickening layer and the foaming layer, the optical fiber is effectively protected from being damaged, at the same time, overall performance of the cable are raised, and the extrusion resistant type composite cable is a new application with the combination of the optical fiber and the cable.


An underwater gamma radiation probe was constructed to provide qualitative and quantitative measurements while traveling over bottom sediments. The underwater probe was used at two nuclear power plant sites to determine preoperational levels of radioactivity present in the sediments near the plants. Contour lines of gross gamma activity and the naturally occurring radionuclide potassium-40 were drawn to identify areas of relatively high and low activities. (auth)


Based on the upper-bound theorem of limit analysis and the shear strength reduction technique,the expression for representing the critical limit-equilibrium state is formulated and employed to define the factor of safety and its corresponding critical failure mechanism for a given anisotropic slope in c-φ type of soils,for the slopes of which,the safety factor can not fulfill the requirement of overall stability for the given loading condition,and the stabilizing pile is considered for reinforcement of the anisotropic slopes.As the key issue in this circumstance,the equivalent force and moment against sliding induced at the cross section which intersects the potential slip surface are determined on the basis of the rational distribution mode of net lateral effective earth pressure acting on the stabilizing pile.Then the upper-bound technique of limit-equilibrium plasticity is employed again for establishing the limit-equilibrium equations of the slopes reinforced by stabilizing pile in which the mobilized strength parameters are given by the reduced strength parameters with a reduction by the desirable overall safety factor.The net lateral effective earth pressure acting on the pile can be chosen as the objective function,and the mathematical programming method and the optimization technique are utilized to define the critical state.The critical net overall lateral earth pressure acting on the pile should be used in the structural design of pile.Numerical computations are made to examine the optimum location of pile placement.


To increase the efficiency of the laser coagulation surgery the problem of the most accurate segmentation of fundus images is especially relevant. Fundus image segmentation is carried out with high accuracy using effective features and the minimum number of parameters for segmentation of a single image fragment. This paper describes a modified technique for smart textural feature selection to extract retinal regions of interest using image preprocessing algorithms. Preprocessing algorithms significantly influence the selected features which provide a minimum error of object recognition. In addition image preprocessing algorithms provide a more precise object selection. The informativeness of the obtained feature space is studied using discriminant data analysis. The best fragmentation block size segmentation and feature sets provides the necessary accuracy to identify regions of interest. Those regions are determined by the analysis of the following 4 classes of fundus images: exudates, thick, thin vessels and healthy areas. The advantages and disadvantages of the considered preprocessing algorithms were identified.


D-002 is a natural product isolated and purified from beeswax which consists of a well-defined mixture of higher primary aliphatic alcohol . An anti- ulcer effect of D-002 has been demonstrated in different experimental models . It prevents gastric damage in ethanol, indomethacin and aspirin induced-ulcer . Moreover a mild anti-inflammatory effect and a diminished LTB4 level in pleu- ral exudate was observed . Leukotrienes play an important role in the damage of gastric mucose and they are present in the inflammatory reactions and anaphylaxia too . The intraperitoneal administration of D-002 (5 and 25 mg/kg) to guinea pigs sensitized with egg albumin produced a diminished broncho- constriction induced by antigen . This doses diminished in passive cutane- ous anaphylaxia (PCA) the spot produced in rat skin by injection of egg albumin in Blue Evans. Nevertheless, the same doses of D-002 adminis- tered did not protect passively sensitized guinea pigs from mortality or time of survival . These results show that the anti-anaphylactic effect of D-002 was produced in reactions where leukotrienes play an important role (bronchoconstriction by antigen and PCA) not in the anaphylactic shock in vivowhere other mediators like PAF,TXB 2,serotonin and catecholamines are involved . INTRODUCCION


Abstract Objectives To report our institutional experience in devising and implementing a pooling protocol and process for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing over a 3-month period in the fall of 2020. Methods The widespread testing implemented in the United States for detecting SARS-CoV-2 infection in response to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has led to a significant shortage of testing supplies and therefore has become a major impediment to the public health response. To date, several institutions have implemented sample pooling, but publications documenting these experiences are sparse. Nasal and nasopharyngeal samples collected from low-positivity (<5%) areas were tested in pools of five on the Roche cobas 6800 analyzer system. Routine SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR turnaround times between sample collection to result reporting were monitored and compared before and after sample pooling implementation. Results A total of 4,131 sample pools were tested over a 3-month period (during which 39,770 RT-PCR results were reported from the Roche system), allowing our laboratory to save 13,824 tests, equivalent to a conservation rate of 35%. A 48-hour or less turnaround time was generally maintained throughout the pooling period. Conclusions Sample pooling offers a viable means to mitigate shortfalls of PCR testing supplies in the ongoing pandemic without significantly compromising overall turnaround times.


In recent years, many African countries have witnessed public controversies and political debates over homosexuality and gay or LGBT rights. These have often received widespread international attention, with Uganda's Anti-Homosexuality Act−signed into law by President Museveni in February 2014 (but later annulled by the Constitutional Court)−as the most well-known example. Many commentators have explained these controversies with reference to the prominence of religions, in particular Christianity and Islam, on the continent. Against this background, in this article I explore some of the intersections of queer studies and religion in contemporary African contexts, examining whether and how queer studies can contribute to a deeper understanding of the politics and dynamics around same-sex sexualities, LGBT identities and rights, in Africa.


Summary form only given. Ultrashort laser pulses have proven well-suited for the engraving of modifications in the optical properties of transparent materials, with controllable microscopic dimensions. We report on a new such effect, the permanent inscription of birefringent grooves with a size of a few pm inside thin fused silica platelets. They were obtained by tight focusing of the output of a Ti:sapphire laser delivering ultrashort infrared pulses at 200 kHz repetition rate. Each groove was engraved by displacing the laser spot at constant speed in a direction parallel or perpendicular to its polarization vector. As an example, a periodic structure of 50 grooves, separated by 20 /spl mu/m of unmodified material has been realized.


Shift work affects health status of healthcare providers and patients. We assessed the effect of shift work on psychomotor activities of emergency medicine residents of 3 university hospitals.


From the very beginning, it has been the predominant aim of this Journal to elaborate viable ways to improve adhesive dentistry in daily dental practice and promote hypothesis-driven research. After over 20 years of research reported in our Journal, there is no doubt that the successful adhesive restoration of teeth has become a reality. However, it is a common error in restorative dentistry to think that simplified adhesive procedures, eg, using simplified adhesives and/or bulk-fill resin composites, provide a true replacement for amalgam per se. The reason for this is easily explained: Given suboptimal clinical conditions, such as slight saliva contamination, amalgam still works quite well. This cannot be said of bonded materials. Thus, independent of duration or number of working steps, adhesive dentistry still requires fundamental prerequisites for clinical success, and amalgam still is considerably more forgiving. This special issue contains the thorough in vitro evaluation of a novel self-adhesive restorative material for posterior teeth prior to its marketing in order to cover as many preclinical aspects as possible. Although prospective long-term clinical trials still represent the most reliable way to finally judge a new class of materials for posterior use, this mosaic of valid in vitro research is presented to provide deeper insight into the latest developments regarding self-adhesive bonding technology. Diverse material aspects of the so-called self-adhesive restorative hybrid 'Surefil One' (Dentsply Sirona) are covered, comprising its fundamental development in the lab, several ways of evaluating its adhesive performance from shear bond to microtensile bond strength in different Cfactor situations, its ultramorphological appearance, fatigue behavior for both bulk and adhesive performance, wear behavior, as well as gap formation and fracture susceptibility. Altogether, the multiple peer-reviewed studies published in this special issue present as complete a picture as presently possible of a novel material in vitro.


Background and Objective: Recent studies have shown that anticholinergic alkaloids compounds have strong analgesic effects. Due to presence of anticholinergic alkaloids in Hyoscyamus niger and its mentioned effects in Iranian traditional medicine, its analgesic effects were assessed. At first, acute and chronic pain thresholds in male NMRI rats with formalin test was evaluated, then oral and injection forms of alcoholic extract of Hyoscyamus niger seeds were assessed.
Materials and Methods: Male NMRI rats weighted 300-350 g were randomly selected. Alcoholic extracts of Hyoscyamus niger seeds with 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg of body weight were injected intraperitoneally (10 rats per group). Also, Hyoscyamus niger seeds was prescribed orally with a proportion of 1 to 14 in their standard food to another group of rats (n=8) within 2 weeks. After all, acute and chronic pain were evaluated in control group rats (n=8) and aforementioned rats with formalin test. Moreover its analgesic effects were compared with sodium salicylate.
Results: Statistical analyses show that injection of Hyoscyamus niger seeds alcoholic extract with the mentioned dosage reduces the acute and chronic pain induced by formalin test significantly (P<0.001). Also, orally prescribed Hyoscyamus niger seeds significantly increased chronic pain threshold.
Conclusion: The results of this investigation revealed that injection of Hyoscyamus niger seeds extract with the above dosages have a significant analgesic effect on acute and chronic pain thresholds. Additionally, orally prescribed only affects chronic pain in formalin test, which indicates different mechanisms of parenteral and oral on acute pain.


The system of visitation right is a newly established system in Marriage Law of the People's Republic of China in 2001,which has filled the legislation gap and is great progress of marriage and family legislation.Starting with the analysis of the implication of visitation right,this paper conducts comment and analyzes the rules on the subject,suspension and enforcement of visitation right in China,proposes the following countermeasures: the principle which children should be the best interests,appropriately expand the main scope of the rights and obligations of visitation right,clarify the case of suspension of visitation right,regulate the basic principle of visitation right and increase relief measures of visitation right,to further perfect the visitation right system in China.


The causes of toxemia of pregnancy are not fully understood. This project examines rat kidneys to determine if a mouse anti‐renin antibody will cross‐react rat renin‐producing cells in the rat. This will allow further study female reproductive tissues in the rat to examine for renin production. Renin is known as hormone produced by the juxtaglomerular cells of the afferent arteriole of the kidney in response low blood pressure. Also, renin is an immediate downstream target of Class I Hox gene regulation, important in embryonic development. In mice, renin is expressed in embryonic renal, adrenal and gonadal arteries, the adrenal glands, and tissue associated with embryonic pronephric and mesonephric kidneys. Using a renin/GFP reporter in transgenic mice, renin is expressed in placental giant trophoblast cells and uterine/ovarian artery cells of the tunica adventitia. In RCS rats, renin antibody stain that used anti‐rat renin and peroxidase labeled placental giant trophoblast cells and cells of the tunica adventitia of the uterine/ovarian artery. This project examines rat kidney tissue labeled by indirect immuno‐fluorescence with anti‐mouse renin antibody and fluorescent conjugate. Cells in the juxtaglomerular region of the kidney were renin positive. This demonstrates that anti‐mouse renin antibody can dependably label regions in the rat kidney that are known for renin production. This will allow for further studies to determine renin location in rat female reproductive tissues. Dr. Craig Jones of Roswell Park Cancer Institute generously donated mouse renin antibody and lab space for stain procedures. D'Youville College Faculty Council and Department of Math & Natural Sciences supported work.


The synthesis of a series of 1,2,4-oxadiazolyl-N-methylpyridinium salts differing in the length and the position of the alkyl chain in the heterocyclic ring and the counter ions is reported. Some features of this new family of salts as perspective ionic liquids are described and the influence of the varying moieties in the modulation of the properties is discussed.


In the preceding paper1), Kurokawa and others scrutinized several methods for the measurement of immunizing potency of diphtheria toxoid, which have generally been used hitherto, and deviced one method or two for precise measurement which suit for routine use in laboratories, because of their comparative accuracy and less expenses. On the basis of the results thus acquired, Kurokawa and others are performing the analytical studies on the factors participating in the immunizing potency of diphtheria toxoid. In the studies on the methods for the measurement of immunizing potency in the preceding paper, several kinds of highly purified toxoid were used as the experimental materials. These highly purified toxoids were fractions precipitated between 30 per cent and 60 per cent saturation with ammonium sulfate. These fractions did not seem to denature during the process of purification, but it appeared to be so sensitive in vivo that the immunizing potency was markedly affected by the diluent used for injection.


Various apple, plum, apricot, peach, and cherry rootstocks, and pear rootstocks and scions were inoculated with a mixed culture of four isolates of Phytophthora cactorum obtained from apple Disease ratings were calculated by a method which indicated maximum susceptibility by 100 and maximum resistance by a score of zero. The ratings obtained are as follows: apple, 0-40, pear, 1-85, plum, 3, apricot, 19, peach, 28-29, cherry, 3-62. When a fifth isolate obtained from sweet cherry was added to the inoculum, and Mazzard cherry F-12-1 clonal stocks and Pyrits robusta seedlings were remoculated, their disease ratings rose from 27 to 53 and from 18 to 67, respectively.


1 This study investigates the effect of lipoteichoic acid (LTA) from the cell wall of Staphylococcus aureus, a micro‐organism without endotoxin, on haemodynamics and induction of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the anaesthetized rat.


Cyber-physical systems are a crucial part of many infrastructure or production systems, and are spreading into other domains as part of the IoT (Internet-of-Things) wave. As cyber-physical systems act on the physical world, attacks could have severe consequences. At the same time, cyber-physical systems can be attacked like other IT systems. So it is essential that developers consider security during the design phase of software, to design adequate security protection for the system. This fact requires a structured security analysis right from the beginning. The initial input of such a security analysis is a system overview, e.g. in form of an architecture. It is a challenging task to provide the appropriate abstraction level of the system that allows identifying security threats and weaknesses. In the present paper, we describe a pattern that assists software developers in creating an architecture which captures the relevant elements for a security analysis. The interfaces of components may not only be accessible for authorized entities, but also for attackers. Therefore, we specify different interface types which enables one to identify relevant attacks for a specific interface type. We first present the solution part of our pattern as a meta-model, for which we then provide guidelines for its instantiation. As an example, we instantiate the pattern for a typical automation and control system. Last, we evaluate the suitability of our pattern by discussing how typical threats could be mapped to the different interface types.


The second half of the third/ninth and the fourth/tenth centuries are of particular importance for the development of the judiciary in the central lands of the Abbasid caliphate. At the end of the mihna period and the victory of Sunnism under al-Mutawakkil (r. 232-247/847-861), the caliphate agreed not to interfere further within the legal sphere, thus allowing the principal schools of law to complete their development toward their classical structure. In Iraq, thanks to the growing independence of the legal sphere and to the political weakness of the caliphate, the qadis increased their judicial freedom. Meanwhile, the political situation in Egypt was very different. The provincial rulers and two successive dynasties, the Tulunids (254-292/868-905) and the Ikhshidids (323-358/935-969), profited from the weakness of the caliphate, and imposed their autonomy de facto. The role played by the judiciary in this process is still unclear, as is the impact of Egyptian autonomy on the development of the local judiciary. In this paper, I discuss the evolution of the relationship between the Egyptian governors and the judiciary, from the accession of Ahmad b. Tulun in 254/868 until the arrival of the Fatimids in 358/969. Several elements are taken into consideration: (1) The institutional links between political power and the judiciary: Who appointed the qadis? How were they selected? Did the government choose to rely on local scholars or did the qadis come from outside the province? (2) The financial connection between the governors and the qadis, which was not only symbolic of the delegation of power, but could also denote the submission of the judiciary to the government. (3) The daily interactions between the qadis and the governors. (4) The judicial practice of the qadis. (5) Their reputation. I study to what extent the judiciary and its control was a political issue for the Tulunids and the Ikhshidids, and how the efforts of these two dynasties to build an Egyptian autonomy had important consequences on the structure of the legal milieu.


This study was conducted to determine: (1) the demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the respondents; {2) the lifestyle of the respondents in terms of nutrition such as meal pattern, caloric and nutrient adequacy of the food intake and food habits and preferences; (3) the lifestyle of the respondents in terms of weight status ; {4) the lifestyle of the respondents in terms of exercise; (5) the lifestyle of the respondents in terms of sleeping pattern; (6) the vices that affect the lifestyle of the respondents; (7) the lifestyle status of the respondents; ( 8) the health status of the respondents in terms of their medical check-up and diseases encountered for the last 3 months. A total of 30 faculty were the respondents of the study. The data were collected and analyzed using mean, frequency, counting, and percentage. The nutritional status was analyzed using the formula for the Body Mass Index (BMI). The Desirable Body Weight (DBW) and Total Energy Requirement (TER) were individually computed and the physical activity (PA) of the respondents were computed generally using the light physical activity. The Total Energy Requirement was distributed using Non Protein Calorie (NPC) allowing 70% and 30% of the NPC for carbohydrate and fat, respectively. The Food Exchange List was utilized in the determination of the caloric and nutrient adequacy of the 1 day intake of the respondents. Results revealed that out of 30 respondents, about 40% belonged to the age bracket of 26-30 years old. Great majority (70%) of the respondents were females, and 57% of them were single, 63% were Catholics, and 1 (3.33%) was Islam. Fifty-seven percent (57%) of the respondents earned monthly income of 10,000-14,999. Majority of the respondents or (77%) had a bachelor's degree and 2 of the respondents (7%) had doctorate degree. With regards to the meal pattern of the respondents, results revealed that majority of the respondents (93%) usually ate their breakfast and lunch while only 40% of the respondents had AM snack only. In terms of nutritional status 43% of the respondents were normal and 3% were CED Grade 2. They always ate their breakfast before going to their respective works. They sometimes avoided unhealthy snacks and sometimes limited the amount of fats and cholesterol they ate. They drank more soft drinks or other beverages than water. Most of their calorie, carbohydrate, protein, and fat were inadequate. The respondents sometimes used part of their leisure time in family or team activities, and did vigorous exercise for 20-30 minutes a day. A majority (83%) of respondents had good sleeping pattern of 7-8 hours of sleep; great majority (90%) of them did not have any vices. All 30 respondents (100%) had their medical check up and 76.6% of the respondent had once-a-year medical check-up only. Most them had been sick (60%) for the last three months with cough.


The aim of this study is to analyze the co-relation between the geometrical accuracy of parts formed by single-point incremental forming (SPIF) and the resulting distribution of the residual stresses induced in the material as a function of the different process parameters of the SPIF process. The study was performed for a pyramidal frustum manufactured by varying the process parameters of SPIF, i.e., tool diameter, tool step-down, and wall-angle. The hole-drilling strain gage method was used to determine the residual stresses in the manufactured pyramids. Further, small strips were laser cut from the pyramids, and the curvature of the strips was measured. The curvature of the strips is a result of the intensity and distribution of the residual stresses, which in turn depends on the selected values of the process parameters. A validated numerical model of SPIF was used to determine the residual stresses parallel and perpendicular to the direction of tool motion at the center of a strip cut from the numerical model in clamped, unclamped, and trimmed states. Further, the change in the bending moment of a strip that occurred upon unclamping and trimming was calculated. Experimental and numerical investigations reveal that the most significant parameter in residual stress build-up and the reduction of geometrical accuracy is the wall angle. Upon unclamping, the highest change in the residual stresses and bending moment occurred with the largest tool step-down and tool diameter. Upon trimming, the magnitude of the residual stresses and bending moment changed the most with the largest tool step-down in both directions, whereas the change was highest with the smallest tool diameter in the transverse direction of the tool motion. Furthermore, upon trimming, the geometric deviations were highest with the large wall angles in the transverse direction of the tool motion. Overall, the effect of changing process parameters on the residual stress state and geometrical accuracy was more pronounced in the transverse direction of the tool motion.


Pyrotechnic initiator having a dosage sleeve that facilitates loading the pyrotechnic agent prescribed position on the initiator inside the header surface, persistently maintained. Sleeve, together with the upper inner surface of the drug container, or by using a tapered upper end portion of the monolithic drug and the sleeve, effectively retain the drug in the header of the initiator.


My theme at its most general is the relation between culture and power; at its most specific, the relation between a particular type of culture, so-called high culture, and two types of power, namely governmental power, and the related but more diffuse power prevailing in society at large. So-called 'high' politics are often (and better) called statesmanship, and are typically, though not invariably, international in scope. By the 'low' politics of my title I mean, not democracy specifically, but what politicians engage in at the domestic level, where popularity matters most. Democratic or not, most politics are perforce pretty low, and are justified only because they are preferable to despotism, which in its pure form signifies the absence of politics. Yet most real-life despotisms concede something to the political spirit, since they profit from their subjects' consent, endeavour to cultivate it, and are foolish if they think to dispense with it entirely. In politics proper, however, consent (like consensus) must be sought; in fact, wherever avowed and conflicting interests prefer to resolve matters through negotiation and agreement rather than through force, there we have something like politics. The conditions for consent will usually be ascertained through representative institutions. Their business is to transmit public opinion to the rulers, if those are separate from the representatives, or to act on it, where the representatives are themselves the rulers.


Power electronics based power flow routers are powerful tools that provide easy and cost-effective control of power flows in large-scale electricity networks. By adding additional controls, fast power flow routing can increase the secure operational range of bulk power systems both during normal operations and contingencies. Increased integration of power flow routers could allow the bulk power system to operate at a lower cost while maintaining, and possibly increasing, the level of security. In this paper, we develop power flow router sensitivities that enable corrective flow routing capabilities during post-contingency conditions.


62 '' '; the present invention, different cell culture vessel 10; 10'; 10 "fluid supply interface for cell culture system for supplying the medium to the cell culture that are within 62; 62 '; 62" There, the fluid supply interface, fluid transfer housing 68 which defines a flow chamber 72, the first connection forming part 76 for connecting the fluid transfer manner the first fluid pipe 84 into the housing 68, the second fluid pipe 88 into the housing 68 to to connect the second connection forming part 78 and the first connection forming part configured separately, for connecting fluid transfer to the housing 68 to the third fluid pipe, the third connection further configured separately forming unit 80, the a connection forming part 64, 66 which is configured separately from the connecting formation portions 76, 78, 80, the cell culture vessel 10; 10 '; 10 ", corresponding pairs linked form To 38 and 40, and a connecting forming portion 64, 66 that is configured to establish possible and removable fluid transfer ligation engagement during operation.


Some of us in special education can trace our careers back before the passage of Public Law 94-142, the Federal law that precipitated much of the progress that has been made in both research and community life for persons with severe disabilities. Some of us remember pre–94-142 services—church basements for schools, institutions for living, and lives of seclusion and isolation that extended from birth to death for many persons with severe disabilities. In light of this starting point, the progress we have made, and which is reported in Agran et al. (2018, this issue), is astonishing. Whether it is in increasing society's responsiveness to civil rights, in the development and validation of evidence-based instruction and support practices, or in recognizing and ameliorating discrepancies between actual versus desirable practices, this body of research has provided us with direction, defining next steps for us as we continue forward on this remarkable journey. Agran et al. (2018) note that the idea for their article emerged during a research colloquium, which occurred at the 2016 annual meeting of TASH (Agran, 2016). As noted by the authors, the intent of the article, such as that of the colloquium, was not to offer a comprehensive review of the field's research but rather to detail progress in specific research areas, those which seemed to be especially important for the field. The Agran et al. (2018) article begins with inclusion, followed by discussions of teaching academic skills, family support, addressing severe challenging behavior, supported employment, and voting rights. This commentary explores the findings and implications of the different sections of the Agran et al. (2018) article in reverse order. Employing the concept of civic responsibility—performing the duties and meeting the expectations of citizenship in a democratic society—I will demonstrate how conceptions of civic responsibility can inform life span research with people who have severe disabilities, and provide a context for how consumers view and interpret this research. Because voting and employment are aspects of civic responsibility in adulthood, research in these areas will be discussed first. Civic responsibility also includes contributing to the life of the family across the life span, so this research will be considered next. And, civic responsibility requires us to respect our fellow citizens, and to honor their safety needs, which brings us to research addressing challenging behavior. Schools, of course, are where we learn many essentials of our cultural heritage, along with important rules of social living that define civic responsibility; hence, research on academic instruction and school inclusion are examined last. In my conclusion, I will use the theme of context to argue that the next phase of our research must be to expand our inquiries across a larger landscape of natural settings.


The effects of different irrigation regimes on yield and quality and net profit of processing red pepper irrigated with drip and furrow irrigation systems under field conditions in the Mediterranean region of Turkey were evaluated over two years. The treatments for drip consist of full irrigation (DFI), deficit irrigation DDI‐75, D‐PRD‐50, DF‐PRD‐50 and DDI‐50, and for furrow: full irrigation (FFI), fixed alternative furrow (FAF‐50) and PRD furrow (FPRD‐50). FAF‐50 and FPRD‐50 received 50% of water applied to FFI. In FAF‐50 the same furrows were irrigated while FPRD‐50 was irrigated alternately. Irrigation methods and levels had a significant effect on total yield and some quality parameters of red pepper. Drip produced higher red pepper yields than furrow. The highest yield in the drip system was obtained from the DFI treatment followed by DDI‐75, DDI‐50 and DF‐PRD‐50 treatments. Although D‐PRD‐50, DF‐PRD‐50 and DDI‐50 received the same amount of water, D‐PRD‐50 resulted in a higher yield. In furrow treatments, FFI resulted in the highest yield, followed by FPRD‐50 and FAF‐50. Water productivity (WP) decreased with increasing water quantity for both irrigation systems. Fruit weight, size and flesh thickness were higher in the DFI and FFI treatments. Full irrigation treatments (DFI and FFI) generated the highest net income. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Type II kerogens have been artificially matured by confined and hydrous pyrolysis. The asphaltenes recovered from the experiments were characterized by FT-IR, synchronous UV fluorescence, Py-GC-MS, and elemental analysis. The results show that important modifications related to the physicochemical maturation conditions affect the asphaltenes:  (i) The asphaltenes yields are modified by temperature, pressure and by the presence of water. (ii) A progressive defunctionalization and increased aromatic content during maturation is recorded by the asphaltenes. This phenomenon is retarded by the presence of water in hydrous conditions. (iii) The asphaltenes expelled during hydrous pyrolysis have a different composition than the asphaltenes remaining in the bitumen. (iv) Data on the oxygen content of the asphaltenes strongly support the occurrence of interactions between asphaltenes and water, both in confined and hydrous pyrolysis. Therefore, it is suggested that hydrogen transfer reactions between water and the...


: Currently, the Na-ion batteries use organic electrolytes which are flammable and explosive. Solid electrolytes for Na batteries have the potential to achieve high safety. The development of high performance sodium ion solid electrolyte is the key to the practical application of solid sodium battery. Na 3 Zr 2 Si 2 PO 12 is one of the most promising solid sodium electrolytes for its wide electrochemical window, high mechanical strength,


This article argues that Fedor Glinka (1786-1880) established a new model of authorship and authority during and after the Napoleonic wars. He achieved this by embedding two central controlling metaphors in Russian letters: first, that of Russia as a new Israel, and then, as a result, that of the writer as national prophet. The first stage of this process took place in his Letters of a Russian Officer (1815-1816) and Letters to a Friend (1816-1817). In these autobiographical works, Glinka transformed the existing theological and imperial trope of chosenness to include (for the first time) an idealised image of the Russian people (narod), based on his personal observations, anchored in recent history, and reported in a compelling innovative form of prose that combined documentary record with edifying moral addresses to his audience. The second stage was developed through numerous poetic adaptations of the psalms and biblical prophets, assembled in Experiments in Sacred Verse (1826). In this collection the poet's voice merged fully with the power of the sacred word. Although Glinka's prophetic status was reinforced by him in exile and validated through the responses of contemporary readers, his pivotal role as the originator of the modern literary view of the writer as a figure of prophetic authority (a role usually attributed to other, more prominent writers) was subsequently overlooked as a result of the paradoxical after-life of his legacy, explored in the conclusion.


SARS-the sudden public health event, embodies fully the active and important roles of health education during the process of disease prevention and embodies people's need for health education. It also exposes the differences and problems existing in our country's health education. The government departments should make correspondence policies and regulations, cooperate extensively and put health education into effect. Health educators should take effective measures to raise their theoretical levels and working methods, improve their comprehensive qualities and put forward the development of health education course.


Optimal inventory control is one of the significant tasks in supply chain management. The optimal inventory control methodologies intend to reduce the supply chain (SC) cost by controlling the inventory in an effective manner, such that, the SC members will not be affected by surplus as well as shortage of inventory. In this paper, we propose an efficient approach that effectively utilizes the Data Mining (DM) concepts as well as Genetic Algorithm (GA) for optimal inventory control. The proposed approach consists of two major functions, mining association rules for inventory and selecting SC cost-impact rules. Initially, the association rules are mined from EMA-based inventory data, which is determined from the original historical data. Apriori, a classic data mining algorithm is utilized for mining association rules from EMA-based inventory data. Later, with the aid of genetic algorithm, SC cost-impact rules are selected for every SC member. The obtained SC cost-impact rules will possibly signify the future state of inventory in any SC member. Moreover, the level of holding or reducing the inventory can be determined from the SC cost-impact rules. Thus, the SC cost-impact rules that are derived using the proposed approach greatly facilitate optimal inventory control and hence make the supply chain management more effective. Index Terms Data mining, Genetic Algorithm, Inventory Optimization, Supply Chain Management.


Cost of testing greater than cost of development. 100/0 increase each year for avionics software (Boeing META Project). Uneven partitioning, uneven quality: 800/0 of errors traced to 200/0 of code. Need to reduce and focus the cost of testing. Formal methods might be the primary source of evidence for the satisfaction of many of the objectives concerned with development and verification.


The purposes of paper is to obtain the Hyers-Ulam stability of Wilson's equation φ(xy) + φ(xy−1) = 2φ(x)φ(y) for φ, φ : G → K, where G is a P3group and K a field with charK 6= 2.


The mixed alcoholic beverage is obtained by the mixture o fone or more alcoholic beverages with other
non-alcoholic ones, having an alcoholic content from 0.5% to 54% in volume, at 20oC. This work aims to produce and
characterize physicochemical, microbiological and sensorial the mixed alcoholic beverage of mango made by mango
sugar cane spirit (AM), with aged sugar cane brandy (CE) and with alcohol of cereals (AC). The physcochemical,
microbiological and sensorial analyses were carried out by valuable methods, and the results were analysed by ANOVA
and Tukey test at 5% of significance. The beverage produced with AM differed from the others in relation to the
alcoholic content (P<0,001). The acidity of the beverage with CE (0,75g/100mL) differed significantly (P<0,001) from
the beverages with AC and CE. Besides, the beverage pH with AC (4,43meq/L) differed significantly (P<0,001 to CE
and P<0,01 to AM) from the other alcoholic sources. The beverages produced answered to the microbiological charged
patterns. In relation to the acceptability, the beverages did not differ significatively to the level 5% of significance in
relation to the color, smell and global impression, however they differed in the taste, and the beverage made by ASCB
the most acceptable one. Thus, we observe the using of different alcoholic sources to the production of mixed alcoholic
beverage of mango results in beverages with different characteristics in relation to pH, alcoholic content, acidity and
acceptability.


Data for each participant's estimation of room dimensions are found in LeggeEtAl_RoomSizeEstimates.csv, the spatial updating data in LeggeEtAl_SpatialUpdatingEstimates.csv, and demographic data for each participant is in LeggeEtAl_SubjectDemographics.csv. Detailed information for each data file can be found in LeggeEtAl_Documention.txt. Please see the referenced article for more information about the methods.


An open cell porous Al and Al/Al2O3 composite were fabricated by powder sintering technique.The relative density and pore size of resulted specimens can be changed in the ranges of 0.25-0.40 and 100-400 μm,respectively.The compression experiments were conducted and the results show that the porous Al/Al2O3 composite has a more beneficial response feature and higher flow stress than the porous Al.The former shows a relatively smooth plateau and when the relative densities of the two porous materials are approximately the same,the porous composite shows a 40% elevation relative to the porous Al,which can be further enhanced by T6 heat treatment that leads to around 35% increase.In addition,the stress-strain behavir of the porous composite shows significant pore size dependence,i.e.the flow stress increases with increasing the pore size,which is believed to be related to trapped gas in the pore surface during the sintering.


or to latent, long-continued inflammations. The disease, indeed, may continue to progress long after the original cause has ceased to act, while the causes producing an acute disease may attack either the connective tissue or the parenchyma. There is also a primary renal sclerosis which affects first the connective tissue, and finally a type which arises through an inadequate blood Bupply to the kidney, either in old age or in


ABSTRACT
Yunita Nirmala. 2018. Improving Senior High School Students' Writing Skill Through use of Story Circle Technique at SMAN 12 Surabaya.
Advisor: Dra. Bekti Wirawati and Hj. Siti Azizah, S.Pd, M.Pd.

 The objective of this research was to find out the improvement of students' writing skill by using Story Circle technique at SMAN 12 Surabaya.
 Thedesign of research was a classroom action research. The research was conducted at SMAN12 Surabaya in Apriluntil May 2018. The subjects of this research were the X IPA 6 grade students of SMAN 12 Surabaya in 2017/2018 academic year. It consists of 36 students. This classroom action research was conducted in two cycles. Each cycle consisted of four steps: plan, action, observation, and reflection. The data collecting instruments of this studywere observation sheet, writing test and documentation. The data were analyzed from field notes and the students' score in writing test.
 The result of this study showed that the students' writing skill improved by using technique.There was a significant improvement from diagnostic test, cycle I and cyle II. From diagnostic test, 13.8% students can pass the writing test. It improves as many as 27.8% to cycle I. While from cycle I, 41.6% can pass the writing test. It improves as many as 36.1% to cyle II. While from cycle II, 77.7% can pass the writing test. Thus, all implemented actions were successful to improve the students' writing skill by using Story Circle technique.


Hydrated blast furnace slag and fly-ash cement blends have been shown to be very impermeable. Porosity measurements of these materials by methanol and helium pycnometry have been less than the values obtained by Hg intrusion to 410 MPa. Results of the three techniques for hydrated portland cement were the same. A technique was used in which mercury could be removed by distillation after Hg intrusion, and intrusion was then repeated. This was performed on several cements and cement blends. Pore-size distribution for the hydrated cement changed marginally but both blended materials changed markedly, displaying a coarser pore distribution. It was concluded that the latter bodies are composed of relatively large, but discontinuous pores, into which Hg enters by breaking through the pore structure.


This is the main page for the Office of the Scientific Director. The Scientific Director serves as the principal advisor to the Director of the NIAMS concerning all ongoing and projected intramural research programs of the NIAMS and is responsible for the development of broad decisions concerning program planning, budget and policy formulation, and resource allocation of the intramural program.


The years from 1989 to 1992 were an important period in the Sino-Soviet (Russian) relations, which included three stages: normalization of Sino-Soviet relations (1989), transition from the Sino-Soviet relations to the Sino-Russian relations (1991) and establishment of the principle of good neighborly relations(1992). "Normalization"constituted the core and ran through all the three stages, linking them together. The normalization was an inevitable result of the changes in international situation and the need of national interests of the two countries. In addition, the flexibility in policies with regard to the "three big obstacles "played an important role and created indispensable conditions for the ultimate realization of normalization. The normalization of Sino-Soviet relations exerted profound influences in the coming years. A new type of state relations developed and then withstood the tests with constant changes of international events, thus laying the foundation for steady development of relations between the two big neighbors.


This study aims to: (1) describe the application of the Role Playing model in increasing the empathy of class II students of Cluster IV South Bengkulu. (2) Describe the application of the Role Playing model in improving student achievement in class II Cluster IV South Bengkulu. (3) Describe the effectiveness of the application of the role playing model in improving student achievement in class II Cluster IV South Bengkulu. This research is a classroom action research (CAR) which is then followed by experiments. The method used is a quasi-experimental method. The subjects of this study were the second grade students of SDN 64 South Bengkulu, which amounted to 17 people. The design at this writing is The Matching Only Pretest-Posttes Control Group Design. The population in this study was class II students in Cluster IV South Bengkulu. The sample in writing is class II SDN 64 Bengkulu Selatan totaling 17 people as the experimental class and class II SDN 58 Bengkulu Selatan as the control class. The instruments used were observation sheets and written test sheets. The results showed that there was an increase in students' empathy and learning achievement by using a role playing model in Civics subjects for grade II students in cluster IV, South Bengkulu.


Considerable research in veteran and military populations has focused on the development of embedded symptom validity indicators on the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory (NSI) including the low frequency (LOW6), negative impression management (NIM5), and validity (VAL10) scales. These measures have been less studied in other clinical settings. This study examined embedded NSI validity scales in a rehabilitation setting.

 Participants (N = 94) underwent outpatient neuropsychological evaluation using the NSI, MMPI-2-RF, and Memory Complaints Inventory (MCI), among other measures. Cognitive symptom over-reporting was psychometrically determined if the MCI (average score > 39) and MMPI-2-RF (RBS > 79 T or FBS > 79 T) were elevated.

 Thirty-four participants (36%) met over-reporting criteria. NSI total scores were significantly different between over-reporting (M = 48.7, SD = 12.2) and non-over-reporting (M = 28.1, SD = 14.3) groups (p < .0001, d = 1.5). Receiver operating characteristic analysis using embedded NSI scales to classify cases showed area under the curve (AUC) values of .82 for LOW6 and NIM5, and .83 for VAL10. A VAL10 cutoff (>18) showed sensitivity of 56% and 90% specificity. VAL10 scores of 4 or below demonstrated 100% sensitivity and may be considered evidence that additional assessment of cognitive over-reporting is not needed.

 Findings support the utility of NSI validity indicators to screen for cognitive over-reporting in a rehabilitation setting.


This article investigates the creation of entropy and the thermal transport of fluids during hyperbolic tangent flow with Darcy‐Forchheimer flow over a stretching surface. Because of the role of shear‐thinning that the hyperbolic tangent fluid displays, the mechanics of the fluid are described with the assistance of a connected system of differential models that are constructed from a partial differential equation. The bvp4c routine, a three‐stage Lobatto‐IIIA method numerical analysis is utilized in the study. The effects of varying values of dimensionless parameters including Forchheimer number, inertia parameter, thermal radiation, Brownian motion, Prandtl number, Scimdth number, chemical reaction, Peclet number an Bioconvection Lewis number are simulated numerically. In addition, to this, the numerical values of the skin friction coefficient, the local Nusselt and Sherwood number and motile density are shown in the form of graphs and tables respectively. It has been discovered that increasing the value of the Fr and γ results in an upsurging velocity profile while a reverse trend is noted for the unsteady parameter. In addition to this, higher values of the radiation parameter Rd cause the operating fluid to be subjected to a greater quantity of heat, which results in an associated increase in the temperature profile.


In this work, we utilize electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to study the electronic characteristics of nanostructured silicon (Si) fabricated using the metal-assisted chemical etched (MACE) process. The nanostructured Si fabricated using the MACE process results in a density graded surface that reduces the broadband surface reflection of Si making it appear almost black, which coins it the name 'black Si' (bSi). We study two bSi samples prepared using varying MACE times (20s and 40s) and a reference bare silicon sample using EIS between 1 MHz and 1 Hz frequencies. At an illumination intensity created with the use of a tungsten lamp source calibrated to output an intensity of 1-Sun (1000 W/m2), the impedance behavior at bias potentials in both the forward and reverse bias ranging between -1 V and 1 V are studied. We also study the effect of illumination wavelength by using bandpass filters at 400 nm and 800 nm. The results indicate that the charge transfer resistance (Rct) decreases as the surface roughness of the electrodes increases and as the illumination wavelength increases. We also find that the constant phase element (CPE) impedance of the electrodes increases with increasing surface roughness. These results will guide our future work on high efficiency bSi solar cells.


The challenge of better public service offering and the expectations of modern citizens and businesses, as well as the poor past practices of public organizations, bring forward the need to design and implement new systems. These systems are based on current information and communication technologies and are points of reference on the path towards e-government "enlightenment." However, the transition from the traditional processes to the modern ones can be long and strenuous, if relevant projects are not carefully implemented. Therefore, in order to successfully apply electronic practices and methods to public systems of governance, a step-wise approach needs to be formulated starting from traditional standards, leading to transitional procedures, and finally achieving simplification and increased quality of public service by exploiting previous experiences, overcoming past limitations, and applying the lessons learned.


The Day/Night Stroop is a widely used measure of inhibitory control with preschoolers that requires them to respond 'day' to a picture of a moon and 'night' to a picture of a sun (Gerstadt, Hong, & Diamond, 1994). However, we argue that the nature of the relation between the stimuli and required responses requires more than inhibitory control. In the present study we compared 51 three- to five-year-olds' performance on the Day/Night and the Black/White Stroop alongside other measures of Executive Function and language. As predicted, we found that children make inhibitory errors on the Black/White, while they make both inhibitory and memory errors on the Day/Night. As a result, the Day/Night Stroop underestimates the inhibitory control abilities of some children. Further, we also found that performance on the Black/White task was strongly related to performance on another inhibitory control task, while performance on the Day/Night was not. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Objective To investigate the best working condition in taking chest image with direct digital radiography . Methods ①Subjects with different body mass(very thin, thin, normal, obesity, very obesity, 10 subjects in each group), the posteroanterior and lateral chest radiographs were taken with 7 different levels of mAs and same level of voltage(125 KV) with a digital system.②The best film taking condition was determined according to the result of above mentioned study and then 1000 cases of chest radiograph were taken.③The film quality of the 1000 cases were analysed. Results ①The best high KV film taking condition are 2.0~6.4 mAs for the posteroanterior and 4.0~10 mAs for the lateral.②In the quality assessment of 1000 chest radiograophs, 50.6% was Grade A film,38.5% was Grade B film, 10.9% was Grade C film and no waste film. Conclusions It was shown that the direct digital radigraphy with high KV was superior to the conventional screen-film system in providng better chest film quality and can replace conventional radiography systems.


The invention in accordance with the wiper and that, windows flexible elongated blade 10 capable elastic contact with the surface of the vehicle on the blade assembly, a side surface of the blade wiping the windshield surface of the vehicle by the drive of the wiper arm blade and It is the rail spring 20 to maintain the shape of blade bonding, the rail spring and coupled with the blade guide beam 30 that transmits the load and the movement of the wiper arm and, coupled to the guide beam and the guide beam and along the longitudinal direction of the guide beam between the spring rail is configured to include an auxiliary beam 40 for at least one location. Wiper blade, the secondary beam, the flat wiper blade.


Neutron Brillouin scattering (NBS) is an inelastic neutron scattering near the forward direction. This technique is effective for observing coherent excitations in non-single-crystal samples, such ...