Posting photos on online social networking services (SNSs) has become popular nowadays, which allows a user to share individual photos with others. However, such photos may contain sensitive private information (i.e., a child's face), which should only be shared within certain groups like close friends or families, rather than by everyone who gets access to the page that includes the photo. To address such a multilevel security problem, we propose a novel attribute-based encryption scheme to secure photo sharing on SNSs. Specifically, we first utilize deep learning methods to identify and categorize "private" information, and for each category of sensitive information, we then encrypt it using a pre-defined subset of the photo uploader's private attributes (e.g., locations, occupations, and hobbies) which are not publicly available on SNSs. Each subset of attributes builds a specific access rule. As a result, only when a visitor's own attributes match the rule, the corresponding encrypted information can be then recovered. Not only does the proposed scheme not interrupt information sharing among legitimate users, but also it prevents unauthorized users from obtaining the private information.


The application of a technique with a great velocity and a great use of its biomechanics characteristic will differentiate the quality of pitchers nowadays. We know that pitcher at any level, either high school, college, university and MLB have need to explode that explosiveness to be able to generate greater velocities. Empirical knowledge acquired through times suggests that to be able to pitch quick velocities and have great accuracy, pitchers need to have a well-trained technique and know its biomechanics components. The purpose of this research is to study, differentiate, and clarify the biomechanical, and technique components that influence the pitching velocity on baseball pitchers at all ages. Studies done to regulate the relationship of upper body work to pitching velocities show that variables like shoulder abduction during the acceleration phase, and trunk tilt forward at ball release will maximize ball velocities. Other studies have focused on ground reaction forces stating that the stride leg posterior forces are key elements to develop ball velocities. Documented data have shown that ball velocities have a relationship with an increase horizontal adduction of the shoulder and a decrease in time of internal rotation displacement. The literature review demonstrated that decreased stride leg knee flexion velocity during stride leg stance and increased stride leg knee extension velocity, it is positively associated with pitch velocity. I cannot forget that maximum pelvis, upper torso, and trunk twist angular velocities during acceleration phase, and forward trunk tilt angle at maximum external rotation at ball release can generate more pitching ball velocities.


Magnetic vortices and antivortices are usually observed coexisting in cross-tie walls within ferromagnetic thin films. An antivortex can be isolated by utilizing the shape anisotropy. The isolation offers the possibility to investigate its fundamental dynamics as a two-dimensional oscillator in a confining potential. Hitherto, the gyration mode of vortices and its excitation has been studied intensely. Here, a detailed investigation of the coupling of an antivortex to in-plane rotating magnetic fields is presented. The resonant response is imaged by time-resolved scanning transmission x-ray microscopy to determine the amplitude as well as the phase of the gyration. The experimental results are compared with the analytical model of a two-dimensional harmonic oscillator derived from the Thiele equation. As a cause for deviations from the model, a buckled energy landscape due to local defects is discussed.


Invasion is not rare to sacrum for locally advanced rectal cancers and sacrectomy from different levels have been described. We searched related articles [1–7] and books about colorectal surgery, oncological surgery, anatomy, orthopedics, spinal surgery, but we could not find any knowledge to define measurements of sacral vertebra levels. The purpose of this study is to reveal measurements, which can define sacrectomy margins during surgery.


Mitra Manindo Siabu Cooperative is the target place for the community's economic movement, where cooperation in it colors the Islamic values of the community's economic life. Community income is the development of Mitra Manindo Cooperative. The beginning of the establishment of the Mitra Mnaindo Cooperative was due to the desire to increase the income of each cooperative member who was actively involved in the operation of the cooperative, but in the last 5 years the members of the Mitra Manindo Cooperative have decreased, even though one of the factors that affect the income of members is the participation of the members of the cooperative itself. . The theory in this study is related to income theory, discussing the meaning of income and income functions. Cooperative theory discusses the meaning of cooperatives, cooperative management, cooperative legal basis, types of cooperatives, sharia cooperative principles, sources of cooperative funds, cooperative income. Role theory discusses the role of cooperatives in Indonesia, the role of sharia cooperatives, and the role of cooperatives in increasing income. This type of research is a qualitative research with descriptive methods that describe how what actually happened in the field with data collection techniques are interviews, observation and documentation directly in Simaninggir Village. The data used in this study are primary and secondary data. The data analysis carried out in this qualitative descriptive study was conducted by direct interviews by giving 8 questions to the informants totaling 20 people. Techniques for checking the validity of the data are: triangulation, using reference materials, and extending observations. The results of this study are the Mitra Manindo Cooperative has fulfilled its role as a financial institution, and has helped the Simaninggir Village community increase the income of members, especially members of the Mitra Manindo Cooperative by providing business capital assistance to cooperative members, and reducing the dependence of members on existing cooperatives in order to improve economic welfare. its members.


The products formed upon reaction of Ru(PPh3)3HCl and [Ru(PiPr3)2HCl]2 with the N-heterocyclic carbenes 1,3-diisopropyl-4,5-dimethylimidazol-2-ylidene (IiPr2Me2, 1) and 1,3-diethyl-4,5-dimethylimidazol-2-ylidene (IEt2Me2, 2) proved to be dependent on the phosphine and the N-substituent of the carbene. Thus, Ru(PPh3)3HCl reacts with both 1 and 2 at room temperature in CH2Cl2 to give a mixture of products consisting of cis-/trans-PPh3 isomers of the agostic complexes Ru(NHC)(PPh3)2HCl (NHC = IiPr2Me2, 3a/3b; IEt2Me2, 8a/8b), the anagostic species Ru(NHC)(PPh3)2HCl (NHC = IiPr2Me2, 4; IEt2Me2, 9), and in the case of IiPr2Me2 the C−H activated complex Ru(IiPr2Me2)′(PPh3)2Cl (5). Addition of 1 atm of C2H4 to the mixture of 3a/3b, 4, and 5 leads to complete conversion to 5. [Ru(PiPr3)2HCl]2 reacts with both 1 and 2 to yield only the anagostic complexes Ru(NHC)(PiPr3)2HCl (NHC = IiPr2Me2, 6; IEt2Me2, 10), which on the basis of NMR evidence react with C2H4 to give the doubly C−H activated alkenyl-NHC complexes Ru...


This research investigates how forming a plan can have both beneficial and detrimental effects on people's motivation to pursue a goal. We propose that forming a plan makes the necessary steps to pursue a goal salient, directing attention to the effort involved in executing these steps, which ultimately affects perceptions of required effort and motivation. We theorize that the impact of forming plans on motivation in goal pursuit depends on the level of difficulty to achieve a goal. When a goal is relatively easy to achieve, planning should make goal pursuit seem less effortful, thereby decreasing motivation to pursue the goal. When a goal is more difficult to achieve, planning should make goal pursuit seem more effortful, which ironically should increase motivation to pursue it. Three studies demonstrate how plans influence motivation in the domains of losing weight and saving money. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Background The lung is one of the most important organs that are sensitive to ischemia. We hypothesized that remote postconditioning (RPostC) induced by brief occlusion and reperfusion of the pulmonary artery could attenuate myocardial reperfusion injury. Methods Thirty rabbits were randomized into three groups. Group ischemia‐reperfusion (IR) (n=10) were anesthetized rabbits subjected to 30‐minute occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery followed by 180‐minute reperfusion. Group RPostC (n=10) had the left pulmonary artery blocked for five minutes followed by a 5‐minute reperfusion, and the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) occluded for 30 minutes with a 180‐minute reperfusion. Group L‐Nw‐nitro‐L‐arginine methylester (L‐NAME) + RPostC (n=10) had the left pulmonary artery blocked for five minutes followed by a 5‐minute reperfusion and intravenous infusion of L‐NAME (10 mg/kg), and the LAD occluded for 30 minutes with a 180‐minute reperfusion. Blood samples were taken for levels of creatine kinase (CK), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) at three different time points. At the end of the experiment, tissue samples of the infarcted region were harvested to calculate the cardiomyocyte apoptosis index (AI) by TUNEL. A piece of left and right lung tissue was harvested to evaluate the damage to the lung. Results After reperfusion for 180 minutes, the concentration of CK was lower in group RPostC, (4.79±0.27) U/ml, than that in group IR, (6.23±0.55) U/ml (P <0.01), and group L‐NAME + RPsotC, (5.86±0.42) U/ml (P <0.01). The concentration of MDA was lower in group RPostC, (6.06±0.36) nmol/ml, than that in group IR, (11.41±0.91) nmol/ml (P <0.01), and group L‐NAME + RPostC, (11.06±0.62) nmol/ml (P <0.01). The activity of SOD was higher in group RPostC, (242.34±25.02) U/ml, than that in group IR, (148.05±18.24) U/ml (P <0.01), and group L‐NAME + RPostC, (160.66±9.55) U/ml (P <0.01). The apoptosis index was lower in group RPostC, (14.25±5.20)%, than that in group IR, (35.77±10.09)% (P <0.01), and group L‐NAME + RPostC, (30.37±7.76)% (P <0.01). No significant difference caused by pulmonary ischemia was found in the lung tissue among the three groups. Conclusions RPostC may attenuate myocardial ischemia‐reperfusion injury connected to the activity of endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Brief pulmonary ischemia may not be harmful to lungs. Chin Med J 2011;124(11):1683–1688


UNSTRUCTURED
 India has the greatest burden of Tuberculosis (TB). But over 15% of the people on antitubercular therapy (ATT) in India are non-adherent. Several adherence monitoring techniques deployed in India to enhance ATT adherence have had modest effects. Increased adoption of mobile phones and other technologies pose potential solutions to measuring and intervening in ATT adherence. Several technology-based interventions around ATT adherence have been demonstrated in other countries. Given this potential, we sought to understand formative acceptance of mobile phone adherence supports for ATT using self-administered quantitative measures among 100 patients on ATT at the TB treatment Center (TTC) at a tertiary care center in Thrissur, Kerala, India. The participants were recruited using convenience sampling after obtaining written informed consent. Trained study staff administered the questionnaire in the local language of the participant. Of the 100 participants diagnosed with TB on directly observed treatment short course (DOTS), 90% used mobile phones routinely, and 84% owned a mobile phone. Ninety-five percent knew how to use the calling function, while 65% did not know how to use the SMS function on their mobile phone. Overall, 89% of the participants did not consider mobile phone-based ATT adherence interventions an intrusion in their privacy; 93% did not fear stigma if the adherence reminder was received by someone else. Most (95%) of the study participants preferred mobile phone reminders instead of DOTS. The most preferred reminder modality was voice calls (N=80, 80%) compared to SMS reminders (N=5, 5%). We found a high uptake of mobile phones among patients with TB in India. Preference of voice call reminders among the participants should be considered and strengthening the current adherence monitoring system is deemed appropriate. Future ATT adherence interventions should consider integrating mobile phone based daily reminders.


Most people exposed to UV radiation get skin cancer, which is the most common health risk. The condition is identified when the epidermal tissues develop in an abnormal way and take on a color that is not typical for them. Strong exposure to ultraviolet light is the causative agent of melanoma. If detected at an early stage, melanoma can be cured. Cancer has the potential to spread to other areas of the body if it is not diagnosed, making it difficult to treat and eventually fatal. Visual inspection and biopsy are the traditional methods for detecting melanoma; however, the accuracy of these methods is not always reliable. Because of the risks involved, distinguishing between benign and malignant forms of melanoma has emerged as a significant research problem in the field of medical imaging. In this paper, we investigate the strengths of the CNN's features for skin cancer diagnosis. For this, we analyze features of different CNN models like Alex-Net, Googlenet, VGGNet16, VGGNet19, ResNet18, ResNet50, ResNet101, DenseNet121 and DenseNet161. Subsequently, various machine learning methods such as Decision Tree, K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Logistic Regression, Naive Bayes, Random Forest, and support vector machine (SVM) were utilized to classify skin lesion. The ISIC-2016 dataset is selected to perform the experiment. The result shows that the highest accuracy is achieved with Alex-net and Densenet121 with the Random Forest classifier. Also, the results show that the fusion of multi CNN features further enhances the accuracy.


"Social orders, tensions and saviourism" represents an ethnography on the implementation of Finnish national policy on Roma. It draws upon two and half years of fieldwork working in a Roma project. The name of the study, "Social orders, tensions and saviourism," reflects the core findings of the study. It argues that the neoliberal policy-making applied to Romani people have an ideological premise that is incongruous with their social realities causing tensions among participants and formulating a form of saviourism.
Keywords: Finnish Roma, participation, development, policy, neoliberalism, power


The case of a 24 years-old male, with nephrotic syndrome, among other manifestations, compatible with systemic lupus erythematosus is presented. During the clinical evolution, he complained of abdominal pain associated to intestinal vasculitis of the ileum.


The growth of social activities scale, the increase of population flow and flow velocity, and the continuous development of car industry have brought more and more heavy load to the highway intercity transportation and its management system. Against this backdrop, how to greatly improve the utilization rate of traffic infrastructure and transportation equipment by analyzing and forecasting the traffic of the highway has become an important research topic. Based on the existing forecasting model and aiming at the the non-linearity, complexity and uncertainty of transportation itself, this paper uses BP neural network predication model to predict the Shenzhen Jihe highway passenger flow. MATLAB is used to predict the simulation and interface the highway traffic system.


In the recent years there has been a gradual shift in consumer preferences from use of chemical preservatives to utilization of natural antimicrobial compounds for food preservation. Bacteriophages and competitive cultures are the natural antimicrobial agents that are very efficient in reducing bacteria in food items. The phage products accepted by USFDA and USDA are being utilised in agricultural/ horticultural products, farm animals or animal products such as carcasses, meats. In the food industry utilisation of specific phages and competitive cultures avert putrefaction of products and spread of bacterial diseases. Therefore bacteriophages and competitive cultures endorse secure environments in animal food production, processing and handling.


It is shown that there is a false assumption hidden in the description of a relaxed state with inhomogeneous boundary conditions as the vector sum of a potential field, satisfying the boundary conditions, and a sum of eigenfunctions of the associated eigenvalue problem expanded by certain coefficients. In particular, although the Jensen and Chu formula (1984) can provide the correct expansion coefficients, it contains an implicit paradox in its derivation according to a general vector theorem. The same paradox led Chu et al. (1999) to be concerned about a contradiction obtained by taking the curl of their magnetic field expansion which, if permitted, becomes inconsistent with a current normal to the surface. The assumption that the curl can be commuted across an infinite sum of terms is the mechanism leading to these, apparently paradoxical, conclusions. Two mechanisms for resolving this apparent paradox are possible, one of which will be described in some detail below and the other discussed further in a forthcoming, more theoretical paper (Laurence et al., 2000). The decomposition of the magnetic field above is valid with convergence in the mean squared sense, but a decomposition of the current needs to be reinterpreted in terms of negative Sobolev spaces. To avoid this, and remain in a more easily managable and familiar setting, we derive the expansion coefficients in a way that involves the commuting of the inverse curl (as opposed to the curl) and the series. The resulting series converges in a mean square sense. When this is done the calculation can conform to the general vector theorem and a new gauge-invariant expression for the coefficients is obtained. However the consequence of the non-commutability is nullified in the Jensen and Chu formula, in both simply and multiply connected domains, by the important extra requirement of a boundary condition on the vector potential eigenfunctions; this excludes magnetic field eigenfunctions that carry flux, but there remains a complete set for the expansion and all flux is carried by the potential field. The two formulas are then identical. On a different issue, it is shown that if the general expansion is taken over a half-space, by combining positive and negative eigenvalue terms, then the coefficients are anisotropic, that is they are tensors except when evaluated at the first eigenvalue. A specific example is presented to illustrate the situation and to validate the new method of deriving the coefficients.


In program verification, one method for reasoning about loops is to convert them into sets of recurrences, and then try to solve these recurrences by computing their closed-form solutions. While there are solvers for computing closed-form solutions to these recurrences, their capabilities are limited when the recurrences have conditional expressions, which arise when the body of a loop contains conditional statements. In this paper, we take a step towards solving these recurrences. Specifically, we consider what we call conditional linear recurrences and show that given such a recurrence and an initial value, if the index sequence generated by the recurrence on the initial value is what we call ultimately periodic, then it has a closed-form solution. However, checking whether such a sequence is ultimately periodic is undecidable so we propose a heuristic "generate and verify" algorithm for checking the ultimate periodicity of the sequence and computing closed-form solutions at the same time. We implemented a solver based on this algorithm, and our experiments show that a straightforward program verifier based on our solver and using the SMT solver Z3 is effective in verifying properties of many benchmark programs that contain conditional statements in their loops, and compares favorably to other recurrence-based verification tools. Finally, we also consider extending our results to computing closed-form solutions of recurrences with unknown initial values.


2018-2022 Associate Dean for Academic and Faculty Affairs, College of Humanities, University of Utah 2016Associate Professor, Department of Writing and Rhetoric Studies 2015-2016 Associate Professor, Department of Communication 2014Affiliated Faculty, Latin American Studies Program 2007-2015 Assistant Professor, Department of Communication 2006-2007 Visiting Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas 2002-2005 Adjunct Instructor, Department of Sociology, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 2001 Graduate Instructor, Media Studies (cross-listed: journalism and sociology), University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign


Abstract The Laboratory School for Advanced Manufacturing (Lab School) was established to identify and develop effective educational practices for advanced manufacturing technologies in schools. The Lab School is grounded in the premise that students can learn through the design and fabrication process. Students of all ability levels from a diverse population participate in the program with the goal of increased diversity in the STEM pipeline. The advent of digital fabrication technologies such as desktop 3D printers now offers students an opportunity to see their ideas and concepts realized in physical form. This capability offers an opportunity to reconsider the curriculum and re-establish vital interconnections among the historically related subjects. For example, Invention Kits designed and fabricated in engineering classes are being used to advance learning through related experiments in science classes. Achieving these benefits requires careful planning. Factors that must be addressed include both p...


In this paper, plane elasticity problem of a layered elastic systems containing a finite crack perpendicular to the interface is discussed. To derive singular integral equations, the Fourier transform and dislocation density functions are used. The singularity of a finite crack fully imbedded in a homogeneous medium, a crack front terminating at the interface and propagation into another medium is studied. A simple and highly effective method, the orthogonal polynomials transformation method is used to solve the singular integral equations. The formulae of stress intensity factors at crack tips are given.


Abstract This paper is mainly concerned with the problem of distributing a data base (i.e., a set of segments) in a computer network system so as to facilitate parallel searching. In our distributed data base model, we assume that all segments are stored in nodes. Each time a query occurs, all nodes are searched concurrently. For convenience, we define the time required to access a segment from any node as a time unit. For a network with d nodes, the response time of a query is then identical to the maximum (n 1 , n 2, …, nd ), where ni , is the number of segments that satisfies the query and is stored in node i. Unfortunately, the solution for finding an optimal way to organize a distributed data base for parallel searching is still at large. In other words, given a data base, there is no efficient polynomial time algorithm for finding an optimal arrangement of segments onto nodes. In this article, we shall present a "heuristic algorithm" based upon a multivariant analysis method in statistics to distrib...


It was found that in a strong alkaline medium the strong chemiluminescence produced by the oxidation of luminol by the electrogenerated BrO~- was evidently suppressed by vitamin B_1. Base on this fact, a FI-electrochemicochemiluminescence method for the determination of vitamin B_1 was established. Hypobromite was generated automatically by constant current electrolysis in an electrolyte containing KBr, Na_2CO_3 and NaHCO_3 at pH 11.5. The linearity for the determination of vitamin B_1 was found in the range of 1.0×10~(-8)~6.0×10~(-6)g·ml~(-1), and the detection limit to be 3.2×10~(-9)g·ml~(-1). Precision test made at the concentration level of 5.0×10~(-7)g·ml~(-1) for 11 determinations gave a result of RSD=1.2%. The method has been used satisfactorily in the analysis of vitamin B_1 tablets.


Introduction Endometrial cancer is the eighth most common cancer in Sri Lankan women. An understanding of the disease pattern of a local population would be useful in further management. The aim was to describe the pathological features and stage at presentation of endometrial carcinoma (EC) in a cohort of Sri Lankan patients. Methodology This is a retrospective study of 63 patients in the Western Province diagnosed with EC within the last five years. The macroscopic and microscopic features, grade and stage were obtained from the histopathology reports. The correlation between these parameters was assessed using the Pearson correlation coefficient (r). Results The median age at presentation was 62 years (range 35-78). Out of the 63 patients, 38(60%) were above 60 years, 52(83%) were polypoidal tumours and 11(17%) showed diffuse thickening of the endometrium. Histological types were endometrioid in 56/63(89%), serous in 5/63(8%) and mixed endometrioid mucinous adenocarcinomas in 2/63(3%). The EC comprised 36/63(57%) grade 1, 14/63(22%) grade 2 and 13/63(21%) grade 3 tumours. Lympho-vascular invasion (LVI), focal necrosis and squamoid differentiation was identified in 9/63 (14%), 24/63 (38%) and 15/63 (22%) respectively. The number of patients presenting in stages IA and IB were equal being 24/63(38%). Stage 2, 3A, 3B and 3C tumours included 7/63(11%), 5/63(8%), 2/63(3%) and 1/63(2%) respectively. No stage 4 tumours were recorded. There was a strong correlation between the stage and LVI(r=0.609), a moderate correlation between the grade and the LVI (r=0.412) and the grade and stage (r=0.410). There was no correlation between the age and stage(r=0.016). Conclusion Majority of endometrial carcinomas are of low grade and stage at diagnosis conferring a good prognosis and treatment outcome in our patients. Lympho-vascular invasion is significantly associated with a higher stage.


This case study looks at "Camborne Public Rooms", Coastline Housing's scheme of town centre affordable rented flats for over 50's or those in receipt of higher level Disability Living Allowance to promote and maintain independent living. Interviews with residents clearly demonstrate improvements to their quality of life, and that design can promote the development of a sense of mutuality and community. Listed in this year's Top 50 Affordable Housing Developments in the UK, the case study considers whether this model could be replicated elsewhere as part of a range of provision.


A FBG-GMM dynamic strain measurement setup with ferromagnetic circuit was established based on the magnetostriction characteristic of Giant magnetostrictive material (GMM) and the susceptibility of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) to strain. This system was constructed using the FBG dynamic strain demodulating scheme of optical filter linear sideband. The finite element analysis and experimental result show that the dynamic output of the GMM does not change with the frequency in the range of 50∼1000Hz and the GMM can be used in dynamic measurement of low-frequency signal.


. High percentage of imperviousness in the city is the source of storm runoff. Roof area contributes significantly to the imperviousness. An attempt to make use of roofs as urban flood control device and water conservation measure is advocated. Two different schemes, one for built-up industrial-commercial area, the other for residential area, are suggested. The former utilizes the roof as detention reservoir for flood control, the latter employs recharge pit to convert runoff into ground water resource. The proposed schemes are not only hydrologically, hydraulically and structurally sound but also economically feasible. It is worth considering in the future planning of urban renewal and urban development.


The use of the complex of medical factors of the health resort "Arshan" in the treatment of children with chronic cholecystitis gives the improvement 100% on the subjective signs and 94,4% on objective ones. The clinical positive dynamics is confirmed by laboratory and instrumental investigations. It has been proved that 18 day course of treatment at the health resort "Arshan" is reliably effective in chronic cholecystitis in children. There have been revealed spasmolytic and analgetic action of medical complex; increase in nonspecific resistance of an organism, removal of intoxication symptoms, normalization of tonus of vegetative and central nervous system and motility of gallbladder and biliferous tracts.


The present invention relates to novel double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) structures and dsRNA expression constructs, methods for producing them, and to methods of use for gene silencing them. Desirably, these methods, eukaryotic cells, plants or animals, (e.g., a mammal such as a human) expression of one or more target genes, specifically inhibits without inducing toxicity. These methods, by silencing the genes associated with disease or infection, may be used to prevent or treat a disease or infection. The invention also features cells, provides a method for identifying a nucleic acid sequence to adjust the detectable phenotype, such as the biological activity of the expression of a gene or a target polypeptide.


The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a brief mindfulness based intervention to promote posttraumatic growth in cancer patients. The research design used was untreated control group design with pretest and posttest samples. Subjects in this study were 21 cancer patients that were divided into an experimental group (n = 10) and a control group (n = 11). Data were analyzed using Anova Mixed Design. The analysis showed significant changes of posttraumatic growth in the experimental group (MD=-14,400; p=0,000, p 0,05). The results show that a brief mindfulness based intervention, which in this case is mindfulness training and yield significant results towards increased scores of posttraumatic growth in cancer patients. Hence, mindfulness based intervention can be used as one of psychotherapy to help individual psychologically growth.


Today, time synchronization systems that form and transmit time scales with accuracy within tens of ns are becoming increasingly relevant. The basis of such systems are complexes of devices that implement the functions of the master clock. Because since the time scale is not a physical quantity, then in any implementation of this clock, a channel for obtaining data on the UTC time scale is required. Due to various interferences and disturbances in this communication channel, the reliability of the reception of the UTC reference time scale can be violated, which leads to serious errors in the synchronization system and disruptions in the operation of communication networks. This article discusses some mechanisms for ensuring the reliability of data on the time scale formed by the master clocks of time synchronization systems.


Functioning of conrod-piston group of internal combustion engine is considered. It is shown that the main method of assembly of this unit is selective assembly, which provides the required accuracy of parts joints. The scheme of the assembly set-making is given, a mathematical model of the process of its selective assembly with the selected strategy is built. As a strategy, a single-variant set-making is proposed, in which the assembly is carried out from the groups of the same numbers. The constructed model allows to determine the process indicators, in particular, the probability of obtaining suitable assembled sets, the probability of incomplete elements, forming work in progress and preliminary scrappage. The task of optimal assembly of rod-piston group at specified values of extended tolerances and arrangement of tolerance intervals by rational selection of boundaries of selective groups is set. The solution of this task is given.


One of the assumptions in Economic Production Quantity is that there is no imperfect production. Also the effect of inflation and time value of money is not considered with this model. But the studies show that the consideration of imperfect products in lot sizing or inflation and time value of money is varying the optimal lot size, therefore consideration of these two factors in lot sizing is essential. This paper studies the effect of inflation and time value of money on the EPQ model with rework. Since the total cost relation involves a complicated exponential function, evaluating the optimal point is not a trivial task. The effect of inflation and time value of money was investigated under given sets of values of inflation and discount rates. Computational results indicate that this effect on the model is very important.


Copper alloys with high strength and high conductivity are an important functional material with full of potential applications. In the present investigation, a bronze with higher tin content (Cu-13.5 wt pct Sn) was prepared successfully by spray forming, the feasibility of cold rolling this alloy was investigated, and the cold rolling characteristics of this alloy have also been discussed. The results indicate that the spray-formed Cu-13.5 wt pct Sn alloy, compared with the as-cast ingot, shows a quite fine and homogeneous single-phase structure, and, therefore shows an excellent workability. It can be cold-rolled with nearly 15% reduction in the thickness per pass and the total reduction can reach 80%. The classical border between the wrought and cast alloys is shifted to considerably higher tin contents by spray forming. After proper thermo-mechanical treatment, spray-formed Cu-13.5 wt pct Sn alloy exhibits excellent comprehensive mechanical properties. Particularly, it shows a low elastic modulus (similar to 88 GPa) and a high flow stress (over 800 MPa) after cold forming. This combination of properties is unique in the domain of metallic materials and could open new possibilities in spring technology field.


To keep the correct interview position and to ensure the reportage correctness is the very requirement for every practitioner both in news and in media.However,in the practical work,it is very difficult to distinguish between the "truth","accuracy"and "correctness"of reportage.The correct way is to deal with"tendency" of reportage on the basis of truth principle,and to keep the "truth" of things as a whole and in nature.Meanwhile,the degree of the reportage is to be accepted and to be tested by the people.The people′s trust is the only criterion to judge the correctness of reportage.


Connectives are used as discourse markers by speakers of Mosuli Iraqi Arabic so that listeners will pay more attention during their utterances. The current study investigates the pragmatic functions of connectives in Mosuli Iraqi Arabic, selected from seven comedy series presented by Hassan Fashel. These comedy series contain the commonly used connectives that were investigated in the current research. These connectives are zee, kawee, dahiq, hasatta, and they are assumed to have different functions in different contexts. The study aimed to prove that connectives in Mosuli are multifunctional and intended to guide the listener to interpret the speaker's utterance. The data selected from the series were analyzed according to Brinton's model (1996). It is concluded that these connectives are multifunctional in different contexts and that the connective kawee was the most common in Mosuli dialect. The study also concludes with some remarkable suggestions that will be valuable for further research.


PART ONE: INTRODUCTION TO COST AND MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING Costs in the Management Accounting System The Elements of Cost Accounting PART TWO: COST DETERMINATION The Costing Treatment of Materials Material Control Stock Valuation Concepts Accounting for Labour Costs The Cost Accounting Treatment of Overheads Cost Bookkeeping PART THREE: COST ACCOUNTING METHODS Job and Batch Costing Contract Cost Accounting Process Costing Cost Accounting for Service Activities PART FOUR: BUDGETARY PLANNING AND CONTROL Budgetary Procedures Budgetary Techniques Budgetary Control The Behaviourial Connection PART FIVE: STANDARD COSTING AND VARIANCE ANALYSIS The Standard-Setting Process Variance Analysis PART SIX: COSTS FOR DECISION-MAKING Marginal Costing Cost Concepts and Short-Term Decision-Making Management Information for Long-Term Business Decisions PART SEVEN: SOLUTIONS Solutions to Multiple Choice Questions Exercise Solutions


The economic crisis of 2009 sparked a sharp increase in defi cits and public debt among most EU countries. While states with different capacities and fi scal policies intervened to alleviate the effects of the crisis, results varied. This article focuses on macroeconomic developments, including public defi cit and debt in the Baltic States: namely, Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia. The main purpose of this analysis is to examine the level of defi cit and public debt between 2010 and 2015. We also seek to examine the relationship between defi cit and public debt levels and GDP growth rate. We rely on statistical and comparative analyses. We compare domestic defi cit and debt fi gures to the average among EU member states. Our statistical analysis reveals no high correlation between the growth of GDP and reduction of the budget defi cit in the three countries. This largely depends on the public fi nance policy pursued by the government.


How do women and men make sense of acts of marital woman battering? How do they define, interpret, and explain them? Do they try to justify them? What does violence do to their lives and marriages? ...


Many ceramic materials can be applied as coatings by flame-spraying rods made from these materials. Aluminum oxide coatings, stabilized zirconia coatings, and zircon coatings have been studied in detail with regard to their structure and their physical and thermal properties.


Change of production style creates different legal-right relations, which impel the shift of the legal-right mode. The legal-right relation of individual production is preservation -quantity relation in accord with traditionally public-private legal right. But the legal right of Economic Law is based on the increase-quantity relation, which is in accord with the legal-right relation of socialized production, and composed of the private right of Economic law and the public right of Economic Law. This is a different from traditional public-private legal right in essence. Modern legal-right system is a unity of the new and old legal right.


Without a doubt, Domain Name System (DNS) security is a complicated topic of growing concern. In fact, it can be argued that the whole Internet infrastructure depends on the smooth operation of the DNS service. Despite this fact, the original DNS design concentrated on availability, not security, and thus included no authentication. Nowadays, this security gap has been addressed by two cryptographic mechanisms: DNSSEC and DNSCurve. They both utilize public key cryptography and extend the core DNS protocol. Although the second mechanism is still in its infancy while the first is well-standardized, they are both promising and are quite likely to compete with each other in the near future to gain acceptance. This work aims to provide a comprehensive and constructive comparison between the aforementioned security mechanisms. Towards this direction, the authors theoretically cross-evaluate and assess the benefits and the drawbacks of each particular mechanism based on several distinct criteria. This is necessary in order to decide which mechanism is the best fit for each particular deployment.


This study tried to explore how saponins from bitter melon (BMS) affect the glucose and lipid metabolism in palmitic acid-treated HepG2 cell and glucose-treated Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). Results showed that BMS could effectively accelerate glucose consumption and elevate the levels of glycogen and ATP in palmitic acid-treated HepG2 cell, while significantly decreasing the triglyceride (TG) content. qRT-PCR data indicated that BMS might promote fatty acid β-oxidation by AMPK-ACC2-CPT1 pathway and glucose uptake by upregulating GLUT4 expression. In the model of glucose-treated C. elegans, we observed that BMS obviously inhibited fat accumulation, along with no toxicity towards some physical activities. The potential mechanism of BMS in the metabolism involved the suppression of synthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids and enhancement of fatty acid β-oxidation. Taken together, BMS exhibited ability of regulating energy metabolism in HepG2 cell line and C. elegans.


DC-DC converters have some inherent characteristics such as high nonlinearity and time-variation, which often result in some difficulties in designing control schemes. An adaptive non- ...


Objective:To establish the method for the assaying of loganin and puerain in Anke capsule with HPLC method.Method:The chromatographic column was Aglient Eclipse XDB-C18.The mobile phase was consisted of acetonitrile-water(12:88).The detection wavelength was 240 nm and 250 mm.The flow rate was 1.0mL.min-1.The injection volume was 10 μL.Result:Loganin was linear in the range of 0.31-2.175 μg(r =0.999 9).Puerarin was a linear in the range of 0.164-1.148 μg(r=0.999 9).The average recovery of loganin was 100.39% and RSD was 0.72%(n=6).The average recovery of puerain was 97.99% and RSD was 1.98%(n=6).Conclusion:This method was simple and specificity with good repeatability,it can be used for the quality control of Anke capsule.


A series of modified poly(arylene ether sulfone)s (PAES) incorporating hexafluoroisopropylidene units and co-monomers, bisphenol A (BA), 4,4'dihydroxyterphenyl (DHTP) and triptycene-1,4-hydroquinone (TPDH), were synthesized using a polyetherification synthetic method. These thermoplastic PAES were copolymerized with the elastomer, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to form segmented block copolymers. The segmented block copolymers with diverse PAES structures were studied and investigated for their thermal, tensile, and morphological properties. These multiphase segmented block copolymer materials have the potential to impart useful combinations of optical transparency, thermal stability, and enhanced tensile properties, and enhanced environmentally resistant properties for various high impact, high performance applications. In Chapter 2, hexafluoroisopropylidene bisphenol PAES (BAF PAES) segmented block copolymers containing various volume fraction of PDMS were synthesized. Analysis of the segmented block copolymer films by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) show the materials are microphase separated. Further analysis of the BAF PAES segmented block copolymers by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) show an increased morphological order with decreasing PDMS content, with lamellar morphologies formed at higher or near equal PAES and PDMS volume fractions. Comparatively, the morphological properties of the BAF PAES


Nowadays, significant problems and difficulties can be seen in the field of human resources. These induce major restrictions in the management of tactical logistic structures. The lack of personnel, the need of carrying out multiple jobs, the technological development, as well as the multiple changes of rules which are taken in the financial, human resources, and logistics domains make the decision process a very difficult one. Regarding all these areas, if you want to be capable to work in an organization you have to master the management theory, to be able to use different methods of motivating employees, and also to have considerable professional knowledge. We consider that as a logistics leader you should never stop learning and improving your skills. Getting the first rank and becoming a logistics officer are just the first steps in personal development.


The paper introduces the object-oriented colored Patri-net and applies it in modeling of the logistics picking system.Based on the analysis,an object-oriented colored Patri-net model is established.Meanwhile,it makes 3D simulation of the picking system with the AutoMod software.


One of the experiments on board of the Material Exposure and Degradation Experiment on Eutef (MEDET) consists of a Spectrometer. The aim of the experiment is to study the degradation of the properties of optical materials exposed to near earth orbit space environment. The samples of optical materials under investigation are placed on a rotating wheel. A drive mechanism is used to rotate the wheel and position each sample in front of the optical diffuser and the spectrometer sensor. The first step of the design was the choice of the components and the choice of the materials for the mechanical parts. Then, the detailed mechanical design of the assembly has been carried out. The mechanism has been designed in order to be integrated inside MEDET. This has posed constraints in terms of geometry and power budget for the components. A structural analysis of the drive mechanism assembly has been carried out to ensure the integrity of the mechanism during launch. The sample wheel is driven by a stepper motor that has been controlled by a closed-loop algorithm. The choice of the type of control has been driven by in orbit reliability considerations. A breadboard of the mechanism has been assembled in ESTEC laboratory to perform a drive control test. Challenges of the design have been the very limited time available for the overall concept and validation and the limited resources for the project that has been classified as a low cost experiment. The work has been carried out in the ESTEC laboratories with a close collaboration between mechanical and electrical engineers of the testing and material department


Our preop evaluation method combines the latest guidelines and tools to help you avoid unnecessary testing and complete the process in one visit.


The present study deals with the numerical analysis of heat transfer inside a lithium bromide-water solution flowing down between finely meshed plastic wire screens. These screens confine the flow through capillary action while allowing the water vapour transfer inside an innovative absorber technology. The complex menisci shape formed on the confinement grid level, where the surface tension forces are of first importance, are reconstructed by a volume-of-fluid model. A continuum surface force model is used to account for the surface tension force. A static contact angle is used to define the wall adhesion. A new algorithm, consisting to set an unique constant temperature at the liquid/vapour interface and to determine the evolution of heat transfer characteristics over the simulation domain, has been implemented and validated by analytical solution. A parametric study has been conducted to determine the effect of the geometry, the contact angle and the shape of the wire on the heat transfer.


Laboratory experiments and practical applications of biomedical courses are very important for engineering students by improving their skills in solving and fixing practical problems. The software package developed in this work has educational effect and introduced economical solution without using various and expensive biomedical experimental equipment or needing wide spaces. In this paper a developed Biosignal Processing and Medical Imaging (BSPMI) Software Package based on Graphical User Interface (GUI) using MATLAB is proposed which can be used for students and researchers in medical and biomedical engineering instruments labs. This package consists of two main modules; the first one deals with the processing of different biosignals, especially Electrocardiograph (ECG), Electroencephalograph (EEG) and Electromyography (EMG) signals while the second introduces different image modalities such as X-ray, Computed Tomography (CT), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). In summary, BSPMI Software Package is designed and implemented as part of biomedical instrumentation course, so it can be easily used by students/ researchers using only standalone application or executable file (exe file) without installing MATLAB program.


Why do you publish your research findings? It is likely that, on reflection, we can identify many reasons that are not simply related to improving the state of science or the health and well-being of those we study. The answer to this question often produces multiple reasons, such as degree requirements, career development, requirements of funders, to name but a few. The demands of these additional drivers can unintentionally influence both the quality of reporting and the slant of a paper's message due to tight timeframes and expectations of all parties involved. There are some basic principles in research reporting that are widely adhered to. Hill (1965) identified four questions in the reports of research: what questions were addressed and why, what was done, what was shown and what the findings means. Most research papers follow this format. However, it has become increasingly apparent that much research falls short of adequate reporting (Glasziou et al., 2014). Glasziou et al. (2014) identify three good reasons why we need to improve research reporting. The first is replicability. In the biggest project of its kind, the Open Science Collaboration repeated work reported in 98 original papers from three psychology journals, to see if they independently came up with the same results (Open Science Collaboration, 2015). Only 39 of the 100 replication attempts were successful. This project has sparked much debate and not just within psychology. While the issues raised by the project are complex and beyond the scope of this editorial, it does highlight the contribution that standardised, complete reporting could make to improving the replicability of our work. The second reason is distortion of findings. Psychology has had adverse publicity in recent years around fraud, http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2012/09/harvard-psychology-researcher-committed-fraud-us-investigation-concludes; however, there are no grounds for concluding that research fraud is any more common in psychology than in other disciplines. Fanelli (2009) found that a pooled estimated of 18 surveys suggests that 2% of scientists admit to fabricating, falsifying or modifying data at least once. A more common practice in distortion of findings is spin. In an analysis of 72 randomised controlled trials, Boutron, Dutton, Ravaud, and Altman (2010) found results were distorted in the reports of trials with non-significant differences in primary outcome. The temptation in non-significant studies is to focus on additional results such as subgroup analyses or analyses of secondary outcomes rather than the primary outcome/hypothesis. It is important that all findings are reported and within the context of the greater body of research so that the reader can make a more complete evaluation of the value of the findings. For this reason, authors are strongly encouraged to register their trial and review protocols prospectively to provide a statement of intent, reduce duplication and reduce opportunity for reporting bias (http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/ PROSPERO/about.php?about=about). The Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology is committed to publishing both significant and non-significant findings. Rigorously conducted research studies, irrespective of outcome, are worthy of publication and need to be comprehensively reported to support replication and to fully inform the reader. Ultimately, understanding why an effect has not been detected in an appropriately designed study is as crucial for future work as a positive effect.


To be truly pervasive the devices in a ubiquitous computing environment have to be able to form a "coalition" without human intervention. The Semantic Web provides the infrastructure for discovery and composition of device functionalities. AI planning has been a popular technology for automatic service discovery and composition in the Semantic Web. However, because the Web is so vast and changes so rapidly, a planning agent cannot make a closed-world assumption. This condition makes it difficult for an agent to know when it has gathered all relevant information or when additional searches may be redundant. To avoid redundancy we incorporate Local Closed World reasoning with HTN planning to compose Semantic Web services. In addition, when performing information gathering tasks on the Semantic Web, we use Local Closed World reasoning and a concept of "source relevance" to control the search process. We also describe a prototype agent that we have developed.


On January 2021, a 62-year-old woman complained of "allergy" in her forearm. She had taken generic ivermectin (IVM) 6mg per week as COVID-19 prophylaxis for two weeks before the eruption. She stopped the medication and improved, but symptoms reactivated after IVM was restarted (A). On examination, there was a 4 cm diameter erythematous violaceous plaque. There was improvement after treatment with oral prednisolone and topical betamethasone (B & C). The patient had presented paracetamol-related eruption in her tongue some years before. Physicians should be aware of ivermectin-induced fixed drug eruption, since this drug is being widely used during the COVID-19 pandemic.


This study discusses and analyzes from the perspective of investor optimism and long-term performance after the IPO in the Indonesian capital market. Observations will be made regarding the influence of investors on the increase in the length of shares after the IPO with control variables of company size, company age, offer size, the achievement of underwriters, profitability on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. This study uses data from 2004-2017, with 194 IPO companies from 2004-2015 in the Indonesian capital market. Testing is done by using two drunken linear regression. The results of this study indicate that investors in the Indonesian capital market not only consider irrational factors but also consider rational factors about the company's character in making decisions to buy IPO shares. The characteristics of the company include the size of the company and the size of the stock offering. This study provides benefits for IPO stock investors who rely on the benefits of initial stock investment in a relatively long period of time so as not to suffer losses


This paper draws from interviews with mobile science researchers to explore experiences of mobility and fixed-term employment in the EU. The paper takes a socio-legal approach, aiming to understand the contribution of EU law and policy to the resource framework within which career decisions are made. The high incidence of fixed-term employment and the expectation of geographic mobility in science labour markets has made science researchers very 'flexible' employees and, arguably, model EU citizens. But how are these factors managed in the context of every-day life? Developing sound empirical evidence of how individuals experience mobility and fixed-term employment could lead to more sensitive and effective policy making. This is particularly pertinent as human resource issues in science research have become central to achieving the EU's overarching strategies for growth and jobs (the Lisbon Strategy and Europe 2020). A range of policies designed to increase the mobility of researchers and to manage the use of fixed-term contracts have been put in place. This paper draws on empirical evidence to inform our understandings of these developing areas of law and policy in the EU.


Aim: To study cases of bacteremia caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extremely-resistant (XDR) gram-negative bacteria in the departments of a multidisciplinary hospital.Material and Methods. Since 2017, a retrospective epidemiological study has been conducted to investigate cases of infections with bacteremia caused using gram-negative bacteria with multiple or extreme antibiotic resistance. The pathogens were identified using the MALDI-TOF MS method, the sensitivity to antibacterial drugs was determined using the automatic Phoenix system, the beta-lactamase genes were detected using real-time PCR on a GeneXpert analyzer.Results. In 2017, bacteremia caused by MDR and XDR pathogens was detected in 42 and 76 patients, in 2018 — in 57 and 81 patients, in 2019 — in 65 and 111 patients, respectively. During three years of observation, the most frequent XDR microorganisms were, in descending order, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In 2019, among 11 K.pneumoniae strains, class D carbapenemase (OXA-48) was detected in 5 cases (45.5%), 3 strains produced NDM metallo-carbapenemase, and 3 strains had a combination of NDM and OXA-48 enzymes. Infections caused by MDR and XDR pathogens were characterized by high mortality. Thus, the relative risk of death in patients with XDR infection was 1.33 times higher than in patients from the MDR group (95% CI 1.04-1.69, P<0.05) in 2019. The duration of hospital stay also increased: in the XDR group — up to 29.5 days, in the MDR group – up to 16.4 days, with an average length of hospitalization of 6.0 bed-days in 2019.Conclusions. K.pneumoniae and A.baumannii with extreme antibiotic resistance are the main causative agents of severe late nosocomial infections in immunosuppressed patients. Nosocomial infections with bacteremia caused by gram-negative bacteria with the XDR phenotype and resistant to carbapenems are characterized by a high mortality rate (from 72 to 80%), and increase the duration of hospitalization by more than 4 times.


Doctor | Living With Cirrhosis | Resource Guide Screening for Cirrhosis by Alayne Ronnenberg, ScD En Espanol (Spanish Version) The purpose of screening is early diagnosis and treatment. Screening tests are usually administered to people without current symptoms but who may be at high risk for certain diseases or conditions. There are no screening guidelines for cirrhosis. However, there are promising non-invasive methods which can assess the severity of the fibrosis in individuals at high risk of developing liver cirrhosis (eg, chronic alcoholism, chronic viral hepatitis). The tests include breath testing, blood tests, and imaging techniques. REFERENCES: American Liver Foundation website. Available at: http://www.liverfoundation.org/ . Accessed March 8, 2006. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases website. Available at: http://www.niddk.nih.gov/ . Accessed March 7, 2006. National Library of Medicine website. Available at: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/ . Accessed March 8, 2006. Smith JO, Sterling RK. Non-invasive Methods of Fibrosis Analysis in Chronic Hepatitis C. Alimentary Pharm Therap. 2009;30:557-76. Previous | Next


Domiati cheese samples (Istamboli type) were analysed for the gross chemical composition. ICP-MS was used after microwave digestion for measuring some minerals and trace elements content of the samples. The attained results revealed occurrence of the different minerals and trace elements in ppm with the averages±SE of 8.2±1.40, 0.05±0.01, 9.71±2.01, 0.37±0.04, <0.03, <0.03, 0.12±0.04, 0.16±0.03, 8.38±1.12, <0.06, 1.39±0.40, 0.09±0.01, 0.14±0.03, 0.07±0.01, 0.08±0.02, 0.06±0.01, 0.29±0.18, 13.0±1.89 and 15.05±0.75 for AL, As, B, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sn, Sr and Zn respectively. Such contents of minerals and trace elements seen to have no pronounced impact on the flavour attributes of the cheese samples which characterized mainly by salty and acidic tastes.


The experimental results indicated that the temperature had distinct effects on the composition and unsaturated degree of fatty acid of microalgae, on the basis of GC analysis of fatty acid of four species of marine microalgae. The percentages of TPUFA in TFA and the number of mean double-bond of fatty acids of Isochrysis galbana, Dunaliella salina and Phaeodactylum tricornutum decreased with the ascending temperatures, while those of TMUFA and TSFA increased under the condition of the experiment. The content of TPUFA and the number of mean double-bond of Chlorella sp. decreased first and then increased, appeared a minimum at 20℃.


With increased sophistication of digital tools in assessing daylight and energy in buildings, a great potential exists to optimize the performance of contemporary building façades. On one hand daylight is welcome and has several benefi ts. On the other hand, there is a need to reduce the energy consumption in buildings. In this paper, four types of building envelopes are simulated in terms of climate-based metrics and energy consumption. The fi rst two types have 40% window-to-wall ratio (WWR), with one of them having a light shelf. The third and fourth are 100% WWR with one of them having a parametrically driven fi xed screen. This study aims to fi nd an optimum solution in terms of daylight and energy use for cooling, heating and artifi cial lighting for the climate conditions of London, UK by using the integrated simulation approach (daylight and thermal simulation).


Locust bean gum (LBG) or guar and milk proteins were added, individually or in combination, to a solution comprised of sucrose, lactose and milk salts, in formulations designed to have equal freezing point depression and freeze-concentration curves. Alkaline phosphatase and its substrate (disodium ρ-nitrophenyl phosphate) were added and solutions were stored at−10 to−40C for several days. Enzyme reaction kinetics were influenced by phase separation between the biopolymers, with reaction rates being dominated by the protein-rich phase at higher temperatures. Arrhenius calculations revealed a significantly lower activation energy for the LBG, guar, LBG/protein and guar/protein containing systems than for those containing either protein alone or no polymer.

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

Many frozen food systems contain both protein and polysaccharide in solution, as constituents of the foodstuff or added for functional benefit. We studied the effect of protein, polysaccharide and mixtures of the two on enzyme kinetics in frozen sucrose-based systems and showed that phase separation and structural heterogeneity were important considerations in predicting reaction rates from physical parameters of the system. Reactions were dependent not only on the temperature of the sample (which could be modeled by Arrhenius kinetics) but varied highly with composition. The ability to predict reaction rates in more complex systems, such as frozen dairy products or phase-separating systems, presents challenges due to sample inhomogeneity. Careful consideration of how the detrimental enzyme reactions occur and in which phase the various components will be present is required when studying complex systems.


OBJECTIVES:We compared manometric recordings of the upper esophageal sphincter (UES) recorded with a miniature sleeve to those obtained using standard manometry.METHODS:The UES pressure of eight volunteer subjects was measured by station pull-through (SPT), by rapid pull-through (RPT), and with a microsleeve sensor for 30 min, followed by 15 min of esophageal acid infusion. Deglutitive UES relaxation recorded with a microsleeve and solid state sensor were compared.RESULTS:The UES pressure recorded with the microsleeve (25 ± 9 mm Hg) was significantly less than that by SPT (114 ± 18 mm Hg) or RPT (152 ± 19 mm Hg), and was unaffected by acid infusion. Periods of low UES pressure were observed during long interswallow intervals (11 ± 4, range 6–18 mm Hg). Deglutitive relaxation duration and intrabolus pressure measured with the microsleeve were less than those recorded by the solid state transducer.CONCLUSIONS:"Normal" UES pressure is heavily dependent on measurement technique; pressures obtained with a miniature sleeve are a fraction of those obtained by SPT or RPT. During periods of relative comfort with minimal swallowing, UES tone is approximately 10 mm Hg, similar to that during sleep. Volume modulation of deglutitive UES relaxation is demonstrable with a microsleeve, albeit with less precision than with a solid-state transducer.


Copper film growth using thermal evaporation methods was studied using molecular dynamics simulations. The AlSiMgCuFe modified embedded atom method potential was used to describe interaction of Cu-Cu, Si-Si and Cu-Si atoms. Our results showed that the variations of substrate temperature affected crystal structure composition and surface roughness of the produced copper film catalyst substrate. In this study, we observed intermixing phenomenon after deposition process. The increasing of substrate temperature affected the increasing of the total silicon atoms had diffusion into copper film.


In current economy,some big changes such as industry transforming and upgrading and domestic demand expanding,etc.provide fovarable conditions for industry upgrading of disaster area.This paper uses the framework of the Diamond Theory to analyze the four key factors.Based on the two foctors of chance and government,it suggests that the government should improve key factors to strengthen industrial competition during the rebuilding of disaster area.


It would appear without exception that economists believe that a voluntary military is preferable to conscription.' It is my purpose to demonstrate that this institutional preference is questionable on purely a priori grounds. A potentially important welfare cost may arise under voluntarism from the monopsonistic behavior of the defense establishment2 as a purchaser of enlisted personnel. To analyze this possibility it will be necessary to develop a terse and simple model of choice in the "market" for enlisted personnel and to apply it to the institutions of conscription and voluntarism. Assume that the process of political exchange is efficient to a degree that the military's demand function for enlisted nmen is a close approximation to the social marginal value schedule of this input. Further, the supply curve of this resource is taken to be an approximation of the value of its social alternatives. Given the usual assumptions for a specified level of employment, a measure of net social benefit can be derived by measuring the area lying between these


In this paper, a platform based on SaaS cloud computing framework is developed to provide professional online cloud simulation service for water quality assessment. The DLL, WINDOWS MFC programming methods are investigated and water pollution remote simulation can be performed supported by different water simulation softwares including MATLAB, MIKE and FLUENT. The C# language is used in our programming. The major steps of establishing a water quality simulation model using FLUENT and MATLAB are introduced.


NASA has identified telerobotics and telescience as essential technologies to reduce the crew extra-vehicular activity (EVA) and intra-vehicular activity (IVA) workloads. Under this project, we are developing and flight testing a novel IVA robot to relieve the crew of tedious and routine tasks. Through ground telerobotic control of this robot, we will enable ground researchers to routinely interact with experiments in space.


ABSTRACT Why is interlibrary loan processing such a knotty problem for automation? How is Wings, the request processing software from Pigasus Software, Inc., addressing the situation? With an emphasis on customization and interoperation along with an unusually open architecture, Wings gives a new set of options to those struggling with complex request processing workflow issues. Increased workflow efficiency and more integration with other software products combine to allow for a better level of service, both for the requesting patron and for the library staff and management.


Human lymphocyte suspensions containing more than 99.2 per cent small lymphocytes were prepared from peripheral blood using methyl cellulose and carbonyl iron. The human donors were skin tested with tuberculin PPD or tuberculin OT. Their lymphocytes were cultured in the presence of tuberculin PPD and the transformed cells which appeared in the cultures were accurately quantitated.

When the corrected indices of response of lymphocyte cultures prepared from sensitized donors were plotted against the increasing amounts of tuberculin PPD used as a stimulus, a dose—response curve was obtained. The dose which gave the greatest distinction between lymphocytes from sensitized and from non-sensitized donors was 250 OT units of tuberculin PPD per ml of culture containing 2 × 106 small lymphocytes per ml. Analysis of the culture population at 20-hour intervals for 100 hours showed that the transformed cells seen in vitro were derived from small lymphocytes.

Study of the behaviour of the stimulated cultures indicated that a 90-hour culture period was the most satisfactory for the accurate assessment of the immunological response.

A correlation was established between the immunological status of the lymphocyte donor and the corrected index of response of his lymphocytes in vitro. Cultures from non-sensitized donors had a corrected index of response close to zero. Corrected indices of response from sensitized donors ranged from 2 to 94 depending on the sensitivity of the donor to tuberculin PPD.


We present an exact description of scattering of an incident plane wave with te-polarization at an interface between two dielectric media that is deformed by a grating with triangularly shaped teeth. The theory employs an expansion in plane waves outside of the grating region and describes the field in the grating region as a double Fourier series expansion. The results of this theory are represented graphically. That blazing provides substantial discrimination of the scattering process in favor of beams scattered into one or the other of the two media is shown. The exact theory is used to check an approximation for the effective reflection plane that is useful for future applications of the theory to scattering by gratings of guided waves in thin-film waveguides.


Levenson (2004) investigated the inter-rater reliability of DSM-IV diagnoses commonly assessed by forensic evaluators in sex offender civil commitment proceedings and determined that the reliability of civil commitment selection (kappa = .54) and DSM-IV diagnostic categories (kappa = .23 .70) were poor. The current study first reviews the limitations of using kappa in reliability studies and the reasons why the statistic may lead to paradoxical findings. Next, using Levenson's data as a demonstration, alternative statistical analyses measuring raw proportions of agreement, odds and risk ratios, and estimated conditional probabilities were utilized to examine reliability. Agreement on the existence of the majority of the diagnosed disorders was rather high despite low values of kappa. The proportions of total agreement in diagnostic decisions ranged from 68% to 97%, indicating that, overall, civil commitment evaluations were a reliable process. The strengths and limitations of alternative methods of measuring inter-rater reliability are illustrated, and implications for policy and practice are discussed.


Prior to the development of science, Western philosophers grasped the general connections of the physical world. In the 20th century, the development of science constantly revealed substantial content of the connections between macrons and macrons, and systematic science highly generalized the theory of connection between complex and organized things from the high plane of ontology and methodology. The world market makes more use of pessimism to more and more widely expand the space of the connections between races as well as between nations. It is of some practical significance in the tendency toward global integration to apply the theory of connection to explanation of existence, prediction of the future and exploration of a socialist development road with Chinese features.


Three species of oysters have been or are cultivated in Europe: Crassostrea angulata, C. gigas, and Ostrea edulis. If we follow the taxonomic critera of Grasse, the European oysters belong to the group of Mollusca, class of Lamellibranchia or Bivalves, order of Filibranchia, family Ostreidae with two genera: C. angulata (Lamarck), Portuguese, cupped oyster; C. gigas, (Thunberg), Japanese or Pacific, cupped oyster; Ostrea edulis (Linne), fiat European oyster. Some authors think that C. gigas and C. angulata belong to the same species. lndeed, Ranson stated that the characteristics of the larvae are the same, and Menzel obtained viable hybrids (F2) between these two oysters. AIso, Buroker et al. in studying the genetic variations of proteins and enzymes of the flesh, revealed a genetic similarity of 99% between C. gigas and C. angulata on 24 loci. These authors proposed the hypothesis that Japanese oysters wouId have been imported from Japan to Portugal by boats in the 16th Century or vice versa. However, these two oysters obviously show different characteristics in the metabolic rate, the filtration rate, growth performance, reproduction mode, and resistance to disease. All these latter elements combine to affirm that the Portuguese and the Japanese oysters are two species with well-defined physiological characteristics, particularly with regard to oyster culture.


We develop an algorithm for the axiomatic justification problem in social choice that is sufficiently efficient to be applicable in decision making scenarios of real practical interest. Given a profile of individual preferences, a suggested election outcome, and a corpus of axioms encoding fundamental normative principles of electoral fairness, solving this justification problem involves computing a minimal set of instances of some of the axioms in the corpus that together rule out any outcome that is different from the one we want to justify. Our approach combines the use of state-of-the-art tools for computing minimally unsatisfiable sets of constraints with a graph-search algorithm. The latter searches the graph induced by the set of all axiom instances in an incremental manner and relies on a number of heuristics to further improve performance.


This article mainly elaborates the sense of setting up business affairs and the implication of that in course of developing electrical business.


This paper reports the issues of land acquisition and compensation related to the aboriginal people in Malaysia called Orang Asli. Unfortunately, the rights of the Orang Asli traditional lands are not clearly defined in the Malaysian legal system. This research adopts a questionnaire survey as the method of study, and descriptive analysis to present the results. The research revealed that laws of Malaysia are inadequate to protect the Orang Asli lands and their right to fair and just compensation. As practised now, in the absence of appropriate guidelines and regulations, the determination of compensation is based solely on the discretion of the various authorities. Furthermore, this research revealed that the compensation required by the Orang Asli should have both monetary and non-monetary components.


Video transmission over the wireless network faces many challenges. The most critical challenge is related to packet loss. To overcome the problem of packet loss,
Forward Error Correction is used by adding extra packets known as redundant packet or parity packet. Currently, FEC mechanisms have been adopted together with Automatic Repeat reQuest (ARQ) mechanism to overcome packet losses and avoid network congestion in various wireless network conditions. The number of FEC packets need to be generated effectively because wireless network usually has varying network conditions. In the current Adaptive FEC mechanism, the FEC packets are decided by the average queue length and average packet retransmission times. The Adaptive FEC mechanisms have been proposed to suit the network condition by generating FEC packets adaptively in the wireless network. However, the current Adaptive FEC mechanism has some major drawbacks such as the reduction of recovery performance which injects too many excessive FEC packets into the network. This is not flexible enough to adapt with varying wireless network condition. Therefore, the enhancement of Adaptive FEC mechanism (AFEC) known as Enhanced Adaptive FEC (EnAFEC) has been proposed. The aim is to improve recovery performance on the current Adaptive FEC mechanism by injecting FEC packets dynamically based on varying wireless network conditions. The EnAFEC mechanism is implemented in the simulation environment using Network Simulator 2 (NS-2). Performance evaluations are also carried out. The EnAFEC was tested with the random uniform error model. The results from experiments and performance analyses showed that EnAFEC mechanism outperformed the other Adaptive FEC mechanism in terms of recovery efficiency. Based on the findings, the optimal amount of FEC generated by EnAFEC mechanism can recover high packet loss and produce good video quality.


Mixed convection heat transfer in a three-dimensional ventilated cavity is studied numerically using finite volume method. The results are presented in terms of streamlines, temperature distribution, velocity fields, and average Nusselt number for different combinations of thermal and geometrical controlling parameters, namely, Reynolds number Re=100, Richardson number (0.01≤ Ri ≤ 10), relative height of the openings (B = h/L = 1/8) and relative width (0.5 ≤ A=w/L ≤ 1). The obtained results show that the flow intensity and the heat transfer rate can be significantly improved by an optimal choice of the mentioned parameters.


The aim of this is article is to analyse the folktale "uMabhejane the Witch." uMabhejane is depicted as a heartless witch who uses her evil powers against innocent people, especially the envoys that come to her house to ask for her daughter's hand in marriage. Previous research on the folktale suggests that Mabhejane is a heartless witch who is jealous of her daughter who is getting married to a prince. Against this background, this paper grapples with the question: Is Mabhejane really jealous of her daughter or is she being overprotective of her daughter because she feels that her daughter is not yet ready to face the challenges of marriage, and particularly so, polygamous marriage? Contrary to previous research perspectives on Mabhejane, it is argued in this paper that Mabhejane is used as an example to demonstrate to young girls that outspoken and defiant women are not appreciated in society. Only witches behave in such a manner. According to tradition and patriarchy, an ideal wife is onethat is submissive and obedient to her husband and in-laws.


Introduction:this section discusses the importance of constituent order,we propose that constituent order is a kind of important grammar form or Grammar means.We summarize the general situation of the constituent order study,indicating that the Chinese grammar academic circle has devoted much attention to the constituent order study,and has made achievements,but has many differences of opinion.It still needs further studying.1.This section investigates the character of constituent order,and discusses the aim and methodology of constituent order study.We argue that the constituent order is not equivalent to the word order.We maintain that we should make a distinction between constituent order and word order,indicating that "word order" is the order of word or order of grammar unit,and "constituent order" is the order of structural component ("component order").We discuss the difference and connection between them and point out that the aim of the constituent order study is to illustrate the order of grammar structures interior components,in order to summarize the basic types of static sentences and the constituent order change of dynamic sentence.We stress that we should distinguish three kinds of constituent order (syntactic constituent order,semantic constituent order and pragmatic constituent order),we distinguish static constituent order and dynamic constituent order,we distinguish inverted shift and non inverted shift,and also distinguish token and type.2.This section discusses the syntactic constituent order.We indicate that the syntactic constituent order is the order of the syntactic component in syntactic structure;then we discuss Chinese syntactic word orders default rules in static phrase and deviate rules in dynamic sentence.


This article briefly discusses some of the presentations at the symposium to develop short-term highway safety strategies. Held June 12 through 14, 1990, state, local and private treffic safety experts met to identify countermeasures that could be accomplished within two years. More than 50 recommendations were developed in 5 categories: corridor idenification and improvement; pedestrian safety; commercial motor vehicle safety; reducing accident severity; and improving driver performance. A Federal Highway Administration source indicates that the agency will focus on corridor improvement and pedestrian safety. Background papers on corridor improvement, and pedestrian safety are discussed, as well as drunk driving and court rulings.


Recent publications focusing on youth patriotism and national identity have made significant contributions to the history of youth in the twentieth century. This essay discusses recent contributions to the history of youth by focusing on studies of youth patriotism and nationalism. Increasingly, scholars depict young people not as a monolithic group with identical attitudes towards nationalism, but as individuals and small group constellations, sometimes within larger organizations, with behaviors ranging from conformity to apathy and shades of dissent and resistance. Political regimes have faced challenges harnessing and controlling young people's energy and enthusiasm as citizens and nationalists in times of war, cold war, peace and memory work. As scholars have argued for some time, typical sites of youth nationalism include the school classroom, the military, leisure activities and youth groups or movements. New studies in the last few years explore understudied groups and link youth responses to nationalism with commemorative ritual, symbolism, music, and travel as forms of memory work.


This paper introduces the material properties of Cold-Formed Thin-Walled Steel, and analyzes the structure and building performance of the structure system, through briefly introducing and analyzing the application of Cold-Formed Thin-Walled Steel Structures in a villa building, to provide reference for the industry.


The devices, methods and systems are provided for effective power management distribution (power distribution management). In one embodiment, a system for providing power to the circuit block including the power management unit is configured on a first substrate (power management unit, PMU) and said integrated circuit (integrated circuit, IC) configured on a second substrate . The PMU includes a first regulator configured to drop the input voltage (step down) and output a first regulated voltage. IC includes a second regulator configured to receive the circuit block and the first regulated voltage and output a second regulated voltage. The voltage second power controller provides power to the circuit block. The first regulator is more effective (efficient) than the second regulator.


The characteristics of LCD touch terminal module LJD-ZU070 based on the Serial communication were developed,and the interface scheme between the controller and the MCU interface solutions was introduced.The method of generating the graphics displaying human-computer interaction by LCD model was described.The methods of testing and controlling the touch button were illuminated.And shows that the terminal display is good,real strong,the system is reliable and efficiency by using the method in a transmitter control system.


The phenomenal growth of our towns and cities has given rise to conurbation and metropolitan areas, with various planning problems such as traffic congestion, slum, shanty towns, waste management, housing, pollution, poverty and several others. There is no doubt that the impact of rapid population growth on housing development in a developing economy is usually a consequence of the push of the rural areas and the pull of the town. There is always an upsurge and conglomeration of people in city centres with the resultant effects on housing growth arising from acute unemployment. This growth and physical expansion of cities have been accompanied by unplanned urban sprawl, environmental pollution, deterioration, deficiencies in modern basic facilities, and general urban decay. As increased poverty and urbanization exert more pressures on urban facilities, most Nigerian cities tend to have lost their original dignity, social cohesion and administrative efficiency. Land Administration in Lagos State, over the last 25years cannot be described as being sustainable. Though, various tools might have been put in place concerning the administration of land, there are still a whole lot of problems being faced on and matters in the state. Planning for housing and setting standards for the regulation of building construction is a task that seems to overwhelm the relevant government authorities in Nigeria and other parts of the developing world. This paper therefore examines the planning laws and ordinances available in Nigeria, with specific reference to the new Lagos State Urban and Regional Planning and Development Law 2010, the types and levels of the Planning Authorities and Agencies responsible for the implementation of the laws. It also appraises their activities so far in the area of implementation, their challenges and lastly, makes recommendation for improvement.


Reproductive medical technology has revolutionized the
natural order of human procreation. Accordingly, some have celebrated its advent as a new and liberating determinant of kinship at
the global level and advocate it as a right to reproductive health while
others have frowned upon it as a vehicle for "guiltless exchange of sexual fluid" and commodification of human gametes. Religious voices
from both Christianity and Islam range from unthinking adoption to
restrictive use. While utilizing this technology to enable the married
couple to have children through the use of their own sexual material is welcome, the use of third party, surrogacy, and reproductive
cloning are not in keeping with the sacrosanct principles of kinship,
procreation through licit sexual intercourse, and social cohesiveness
for building a cohesive family as uphold by both Christianity and Islam. To examine such larger issues emanating from these new ways of
human procreation, beyond the question of legality, is a point which
legal scholars in both Christianity and Islam, when issuing religious
decrees, have not anticipated sufficiently. The article proposes to be
an attempt to that end through a qualitative critical content analysis
of selected literature written on the subject.


Galls are characteristic plant structures formed by hypertrophy (excessive increase in cell size) and/or hyperplasia (cell proliferation) induced by parasitic or pathogenic organisms. Insects are a major inducer of galls, and insect galls can occur on plant leaves, stems, floral buds, flowers, fruits, or roots. Many of these exhibit unique shapes, providing shelter and nutrients to the insects. To form unique gall structures, all-inducing insects are believed to secrete certain effector molecules and hijack host developmental programs. However, the molecular mechanisms of insect gall induction and development is still largely unknown because of the difficulty of studying non-model plants in the wild. Recent progress in next-generation sequencing has allowed us to determine the structure of biological processes in non-model organisms, including gall-inducing insects and their host plants. In this review, we first summarize the evolutionary aspects of gall-inducing life histories and their adaptive significance for insects and plants. Then, we briefly summarize recent progress regarding the molecular aspects of insect gall formation.


Background and Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the level of a salivary marker (carbonic anhydrase 6 isoenzyme (CA6)) between children with and without bronchial asthma (BA) with dental caries to age and gender-matched non-asthmatic children with a similar caries profile. Materials and Methods: Saliva samples were collected from 80 children aged 6 to 8 years.The children were divided into four groups according to the presence of BA and caries: 1) high caries, presence of BA, 2) absence of caries, presence of BA, 3) high caries, absence of BA , 4) absence of caries, absence of BA . Differences in CA6 were compared among the groups using a One-Way ANOVA and Scheffe's post hoc test. Separate regression models were developed to evaluate the impact of oral hygiene, dental caries and salivary pH on CA6 levels in children with and without BA. Results: Children with dental caries had a significantly higher CA6 level than their caries free healthy controls. Children with BA and dental caries had a significantly lower CA6 level than their caries free counterparts. The linear regression model showed dental caries had a significant inverse association with CA6 expression in children with BA but not in healthy children.Conclusion: CA6 may serve as a protective mechanism against dental caries in children with bronchial asthma.


The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate a press-coated pulsatile drug delivery system intended for treatment of early morning stiffness and symptomatic relief from pain in patients with..


From the Publisher:
I think it's well written and intelligently presented. It's a good introduction not only to C++ programming, but also to computer science as a whole.
- Larry Herman, UNITEC Institute of Technology

This book has a very large number of exercises, with a large variety of types. It is one the things that attracted me to the text. I am pleased with the quantity and quality of the exercises in this book.
- Cary Laxer, Computer Science, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology

Joel Adams and Larry Nyhoff address two key goals for first-year computing courses: to give students programming skills in a specific language, and to introduce them to the larger field of computer science. In this third edition of their best-selling book, these experienced educators offer a well-rounded approach to the methodologies and techniques of C++, while presenting students with a general overview of computing as a discipline, allowing them to put their learning into a broader context.

KEY FEATURES

Provides carefully selected Part of the Picture presentations by computing experts as an overview of the discipline of computer science
Offers 500 Quick Quiz questions with answers and 800 written exercises to be used for written assignments
Includes more than 300 programming problems drawn from a wide range of application areas

NEW TO THIS EDITION

A new chapter on data structures
Learning objectives listed at the beginning of each chapter
End-of-chapter summaries with key words and notes to help students identify the main concepts of each chapter
Case studies featuring problems withcomplete solutions, including both design and program code
Special optional OBJECTive Thinking sections to present classes and objects
Prentice Hall Companion Website at http://www.prenhall.com/adams and authors' website at http://cs.calvin.edu/books/c++/intro/3e/


A novel thymine-functional fluorescent sensor was developed for Hg detection with high sensitivity and selectivity. The synthesis of the fluorescent sensor took two steps (1) the synthesis of amine-functionalized carbon dots (CDs-PEI); and (2) the attaching of thymine moieties on to the surface of the CDs-PEI through EDC/NHS coupling chemistry to obtain the thymine-functional fluorescence carbon dots (CDs-Thy). The CDs-Thy were successfully applied to detect Hg by quenching fluorescence with a rapid response through photoinduced electron transfer with the formation of T–Hg–T structures. The linear concentration range of Hg is 0–1.0 mmol L 1 and a limit of detection (LOD) as low as 3.5 10 8 mol L 1 was obtained. Moreover, the CDs-Thy can resist interference from other metal ions and anions. The CDs-Thy were also used for the Hg detection in water samples and the recoveries were from 90% to 104%. Due to the simplicity and effectiveness, it shows great promise as a potential sensing platform for Hg.


A VISITING SCHOLAR from a Chinese university takes notice of your research. He invites you to visit his home country, all expenses paid. You accept and find yourself feted at a large, lavish banquet. At the end of a long evening, weary from jet lag, you're still being peppered with questions about your work. Later, you worry that you might have revealed too many details. Your research, although not classified, is still proprietary to your university, and you had considered licensing or other commercialization options. Welcome to 21st-century espionage. Spying is no longer good guy versus bad guy, classified versus unclassified, Soviet versus American. It's as much about economic impact as it is about weapons. And it's often aimed at academic scientists. Although many countries target the U.S., China is particularly adept at such tactics, says Thomas J. Mahlik, chief of counterintelligence strategy at the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Chinese agents focus on the culture ...


COPYRIGHT © 2022 Poli, Charron, Agostoni and Saguy. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Editorial: Nurturing sustainable nutrition through innovations in food science and technology


The paper reassesses the role of traditional communal societies in post-independent Tajikistan. The author argues that these informal social institutions have become more relevant with dawn of independence embracing new roles and looks at the way in which donors have used traditional aspects, which are replicas of modern civil society .The author also argues that traditional communal societies are being engaged at community level to carry out work of civil society development, democracy promotion and this is how they believe social capital could be strengthened in the Tajik society by installing infrastructure, efficiency, expertise in these age old social practices. Donors have also realized the importance of dialogue with these communities and especially of well-respected male members of the community who sit on the aksakal council and resolve local disputes. Their participation is seen both to legitimise the project in the eyes of the villagers and to ensure that they will be mobilised to participate in it. Often, the authority of the aksakals is needed to persuade community members to contribute their labour and or money to a particular project. Finally the author believes that Tajikistan's social fabric contains elements of civil society even if that is available in rudimentary form or informal practices but we cannot ignore it while evaluating the role NGOs in post-independent Tajikistan.


Crystals of galactoside acetyltransferase from Escherichia coli have been prepared from solutions of ammonium sulfate containing acetyl-CoA. These crystals diffract to at least 2.7 A resolution, belong to space group C222(1) and contain one copy of the trimeric enzyme in the asymmetric unit.


from the standpoint of readerliness. His choices are directed by a familiarity with and a fidelity to Dante's prosodie designs and may have led him to take liberties and this is a liberty. Dante never mentions the word Limbo or calls the place by that name. Yet, when there is no crux involved, you wonder what might be the advantage of a translation that achieves scholarly comprehensiveness at the cost of the tradition of comprehensive common sense that is also part of the poem s background. Still, when their notes are not means of breaching the obstacle the translation has become, the Hollanders' version is both a recognition of the canonical realities and a wonderful, thoroughly reliable complement (along with Zappulla) to Ciardi's translation, which is still the champion.


Featuring the development of graphical user interfaces (GUI's) using the latest in Java swing components, this new edition of Java for the COBOL Programmer (Cambridge, 1999) provides COBOL programmers a clear, easy transition to Java programming by drawing on the numerous similarities between COBOL and Java. The authors introduce the COBOL programmer to the history of Java and object-oriented programming and then delve into the details of the Java syntax, always contrasting them with their parallels in COBOL. A running case study permits the reader to have an overall view of application development with Java. First Edition ISBN (Pb): 0-521-65892-6


The human beings with culture are becoming more civilized and progressive;with their loving art their mental horizons are becoming more and more perfect and noble.Art is one kind of spiritual culture.It has a close relationship with material culture and also has a distinction from it.Moreover,Ultra-Utilitarianism is one major characteristics of art;in essence art is one cultural phenomenon.The paper gives a systematic study on the concepts of art and culture,the appearance of their systems and the inevitable relationship between them.