The paper analyzed the problem of students'practical ability in the computer experiment for now,discussed the improvement method for training the students'practical ability from experiment course and practice,respectively in computer experiment link,and described the experiment guiding teacher how to guide the students by setting the experiment title and context from the view of student and the experiment guiding teacher.


The Qomolangma National Nature Reserve was established on March 18,1989.In March 2005,it was added to the global biosphere protected area network.There are relatively few domestic studies on its vegetation cover change.In this paper,using MODIS NDVI data from 2000 to 2009,the spatial distribution and variation of vegetation cover on the southern and northern slopes in the Mt.Qomolangma Nature Reserve were studied based on the linear trend analysis of the growing season NDVI peak value of each pixel by pixel level.The results showed that:(1)For significantly improved area and slightly improved area of vegetation cover,the aver-age annual growth rates of NDVI-Max are 3.06%and 1.25%respectively;For significantly degraded area and slightly degraded area of vegetation cover,the average annual reduction rates of NDVI-Max are 2.82%and 1.09%respectively.(2)The vegetation cover on the southern slope of the reserve showed an increasing trend on the whole from 2000 to 2009,and 22.59%of the study area improved greatly,19.05%improved lightly,and 24.75%kept stable;while on the northern slope,the vegetation cover showed a decreasing trend on the whole, and 19.5%of the study area degenerated greatly,24.43%degenerated lightly,and 38.12%kept stable;(3) Among the eight landuse types covered with vegetation on the southern slope,the vegetation cover of dry farmland in mountainous area showed a decreasing trend,and that of the others showed an increasing trend;while for the 10 landuse types covered with vegetation on the northern slope,their vegetation cover showed a decreasing trend.


Objectives
To assess the nutrition environment in three rural Louisiana parishes (counties) with high rates of poverty (range 25%-41.7%), obesity (>40%), and chronic diseases and to better understand the local nutrition environment in rural, low-income, food insecure areas and to evaluate policy, systems, and environmental (PSE) change strategies aimed at improving the rural food environment.

Methods
Healthy Access, Behaviors, Communities was a community-participatory, multi-level approach to obesity prevention in Louisiana. This evaluation used a descriptive, mixed methods design that focused on 1st and 3rd year project data. Nutrition environments were assessed using the reduced Nutrition Environment Measurement Survey (NEMS) for food stores and restaurants. Pre and post NEMS scores were compared to determine if PSE interventions were effective in improving the nutrition environment.

Results
Overall, 48 food stores and 39 restaurants were assessed at baseline, while 45 food stores and 36 restaurants were assessed at follow-up. Different numbers between baseline and follow-up assessments are due to store closures/openings. Except for the grocery store and fast food environments in Madison parish, the food environments were poor across the targeted parishes, with NEMS scores indicating a lack of healthy grocery items (stores) or a lack of healthy menu options (restaurants). With few exceptions, average NEMS scores generally increased slightly over the assessments, which is a positive trend; however, these positive changes did not result in the food retail environment moving from unhealthy to healthy. Five stores were targeted by the coalition to implement PSE changes. Of the partner stores, the average number of healthy foods available increased in all categories, except skim or low-fat milk, from baseline to post-intervention.

Conclusions
Findings from baseline indicate that the nutrition environment in these poor, rural parishes can present challenges to individuals attempting to meet preventative health recommendations. PSE interventions can improve the nutrition environment in these locations.

Funding Sources
Centers for Disease Control High Obesity 1416 Cooperative agreement.


The dental problems associated with osteogenesis imperfecta range from discoloration of teeth to malocclusion. A case has been described where an osteogenesis imperfecta patient had chronic gastric problems because of difficulty in chewing and eating as he had a skeletal Class III malocclusion with micrognathia of the maxilla and a reverse overjet. He was unable to chew his food while eating since there was no contact between his upper and lower teeth when he closed his mouth. The challenge was to bring the upper and lower teeth into occlusion. This was done with an overdenture over his teeth in the upper arch. Follow-up was done for 2 years, and the patient had reported to be relieved of his constant gastric problems from which he had been suffering for the past 20 years.


Far infrared flame retardant slices was prepared, fiber with far infrared flame retardant composite function was also prepared by the method of melt spinning. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the fibrous microscopic structure. In the SEM images, functional ultrafine powder particle size and distribution in the fiber were visible. The results show that the functional ultrafine powder is evenly distributed on the fibrous surface, which is closely combined with fiber, and the far infrared emissivity is F, which is more than (8 to 14 microns) 0.88. Far infrared flame retardant polyester fiber has not only good flame retardant, but also environmental health effect: releasing negative ions and launch far-infrared, which shows wide application prospect. The fiber was processed into far-infrared flame retardant electric blanket, whose functional indicators and flame retardant properties are not reduced.


The structure of disconnections in symmetrical low- and high-angle [0001] tilt boundaries in an hcp metal are studied using atomic-scale simulation. Applied engineering strains cause such defects to move conservatively along the boundaries, producing coupled shear and migration. The Peierls stresses causing such motion are found to decrease precipitously through the transition from low- to high-angle boundaries. The reason underlying this behaviour is discussed.


Encouraging students to participate during class time is important to facilitate the learning process and encourage deep learning to take place. However, students with certain cultural and education backgrounds are often reluctant to participate in class discussion. This article provides some initial insight into the use of the Personal Response System (PRS) to encourage class participation at the postgraduate level. I found that students' participation levels were increased when using the PRS, and further class discussion and debate was stimulated as a result.


The present study aims to investigate the structural and ionic conductivity of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) - ammonium nitrate (AN) – propylene carbonate (PC) as proton conducting polymer electrolytes. The CMC-AN-PC were prepared via solution casting technique. The complexion of polymer electrolyte films has been confirmed via FTIR studies. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra showed the occurrence of complexation between the polymer electrolyte components. Impedance studies reveals that the highest ionic conductivity of CMC-AN-5wt% PC 6.5 × 10−3 Scm−1 was observed in polymer electrolyte system obtained at ambient temperature.


It is proposed to specify in the Law of Ukraine "On the State Registration of Human Genomic Information" some provisions regarding military personnel, policemen, members of the rank and file of the civil defense service, as well as members of voluntary formations of territorial communities, from which the selection of biological material, in the event of the implementation of martial law, will be carried out in a mandatory manner, namely: specify the possibilities of extraction and destruction of genomic information in connection with: dismissal from military service and subsequent removal from military registration; with death in order to minimize the risks of access to personal data of a person and his relatives. The Law should clearly define the structure of the Electronic Register of Human Genomic Information. Considering the fact that martial law has been implemented in Ukraine, it is necessary to introduce the following independent section "Genomic information of unidentified human corpses, their remains and parts of the human body, missing persons and close relatives of missing persons". It has been proven that it is necessary to carefully write down the issue of information protection, namely: which body monitors compliance with information protection requirements; how to ensure the protection of the information of the Electronic Register of Human Genomic Information.


The relationship between microstructure and electron characteristics of indium tim oxide (ITO) films was investigated. The microstructure and resistivity were found to be dependent on the oxygen partial pressure in the sputtering ambient. Lower resistivity ITO films had a domain structure and a small amount of surface roughness. The small roughness and the large size domain structure caused a decrease in electron scattering, and hence an increase in mobility. Crystallinity was also affected by the oxygen partial pressure. For ITO films with a domain structure, the relative X-ray diffraction intensity of the (440) crystal plane increased.


We describe the "Privacy-Shake", a novel interface for managing coarse grained privacy settings. We built a prototype that enables users of Buddy Tracker, an example location sharing application, to change their privacy preferences by shaking their phone. Users can enable or disable location sharing and change the level of granularity of disclosed location by shaking and sweeping their phone. In this poster we present and motivate our work on Privacy-Shake and report on a lab-based evaluation of the interface with 16 participants.


OBJECTIVES
The objective of this study was to develop a reproducible method to measure the change of palatal volume and area through superimposition using maxillary expansion digital cast models.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
A total of 10 pre- and 10 postexpansion dental cast models were scanned by the same cone-beam computed tomography machine. Superimposition was performed using a fully automated surface-best fit of the palatal surfaces on the digital cast models. A gingival plane, identified only once on superimposed casts, and a distal plane with the lateral closing border and the palatal surface were used to localize this selection of air. Area and volume were calculated for pre- and postexpansion records. Pre- and postexpansion palatal volume and area were measured by the main investigator and three different observers for inter- and intra-observer reproducibility assessment.

RESULTS
The level of intra- and inter-observer agreement was very strong (intraclass correlation coefficients ≥ 0.953; P value < .0001) for all measurements.

CONCLUSIONS
Palatal volume and area measurements based on the proposed superimposition are reproducible and can be used reliably.


The utility model relates to the technical field of the battery, in particular to an improved structure for a stacked lithium ion battery. The stacked lithium ion battery comprises a battery core which is formed by orderly stacking anode and cathode slices separated with a separating film and a battery shell for packaging the battery core, wherein an electrolyte is arranged between the anode slice and the separating film and between the cathode slice and the separating film; a metal protection layer is arranged on the starting layer or the last layer of the stacked battery core; and the separating film is arranged between the metal protection layer and the starting layer or the last layer. The metal protection layer is arranged on the starting layer or the last layer of the stacked battery core, so when the battery is short-circuited under the external impact, most current will pass through the metal protection layer and the most heat generated by the short-circuit disperses on the protection layer. Through the structure, the battery is prevented from being burnt due to the heat congregation in the battery, the safety of the battery is promoted and the use safety of the customer is ensured.


Abstract: Andhra Pradesh is quickly developing into the third site of the South Indian "Silicon Triangle". Regional government initiatives over the last six years have propelled the region from virtual non-existence to an increasingly central node of software development in the global economy. These efforts have been propelled by revitalized regional institutions that have built on national development legacies and global trends. This raises three central issues. First, what forms do information technology (IT) development initiatives take in contrast to previous development efforts? Second, how do global and national trends structure such regional initiatives? Finally, how do IT economic initiatives impact upon and structure social and cultural interactions?


Three Microwave electronic transitions in the H+2 molecular ion have been observed between the 1sσg ground state and the long-range minimum of the first excited 2pσu state. Electric field dissociation is used as an indirect method for detecting the transitions. Calculations of electric field dissociation are presented in which the rotation of the molecule is included, allowing predictions of the strengths of the electric field required to dissociate particular vibration–rotation levels in the 1sσg state. The 2pσu(v= 0, N= 2)–1sσg(v= 19, N= 1) transition was also observed using microwave photodissociation and calculations of the photodissociation cross-sections are given. An unexpected splitting was observed in two of the transitions and is interpreted in terms of g/u symmetry breaking caused by the proton Fermi contact interaction.


dimethyltransferase Setdb1. The cooperation between methyl-binding proteins and chromatin-remodeling enzymes illustrates that different epigenetic mechanisms act synchronically to influence genetic transcription.


Most microorganisms in nature attach to surfaces and form matrix embedded biofilms. Biofilms are highly structured and spatially organized, and are often composed of consortia of interacting microorganisms, termed microbial communities, the properties of which are more than the sum of the component species.


The invention discloses intelligent therapy equipment with traditional Chinese medicine acupuncture, moxibustion and cupping functions. The intelligent therapy equipment comprises a single-chip microcomputer, an electroacupuncture/moxibustion/cupping function module integrated circuit board, an electronic vacuum pump, an infrared laser emission device, an electroacupuncture/moxibustion/cupping function output device, an intelligent control panel, a display, a power input device and a wire hiding device. The intelligent therapy equipment solves the functional problems that most electric acupuncture apparatuses are undiversified in impulse modes and narrow in frequency and strength ranges and cannot simulate the traditional acupuncture manipulation; the problems that a conventional moxibustion apparatus does not have a traditional herbs-partitioned moxibustion function, a moxibustion head which is too big, is relatively heavy and therefore needs to be fixed by a bandage, and a moxibustion output lead is relatively thick and therefore inconvenient to operate; and the problem that a conventional cupping apparatus does not have a traditional Chinese medicine cupping function; as well as the problems that the operation is complex, leads are disordered and the working efficiency and the environmental cleanness are influenced because various acupuncture, moxibustion and cupping apparatuses are different in styles and have difficulty in being placed in a unified and normalized manner, thereby further improving the clinical curative effect and the working efficiency.


The author starts from the informational dimension of the operational environment in a strategic reality and deal with the problem of defining informational power from the theoretical and practical aspect of information warfare.The deliberations in the work are aimed to initiate a procedure for auditing of the security documents in order to create a legal basis for the operationalization of the content of information security, as one of the aspects of integral security of the Republic of Serbia. The paper deals with the conceptual determinations and importance of information, information warfare and information operations, as well as the content of information warfare, pointing out the strategic and doctrinal definitions of the information warfare of the United States of America, the Russian Federation and the Republic of Serbia. It is necessary to accurately and objectively observe world achievements in the field of national security and the relation of the most powerful world powers to the problem of information warfare. Based on a comparative analysis of world trends and the state of the theoretical and practical aspects of information security of the Republic of Serbia, the focus is on work, where measures are proposed to improve the security function in the fourth unit of work.


The University of Minnesota is currently working a project that aims to ease the process of requesting a library resource in Primo. For some resources, users presently see multiple "request" options in Primo that offer (1) paging services, (2) recall services, (3) digitization services, as well as (4) Inter-Library loan options. These services can be complex in back-end systems but the front-end service should be kept as simple as possible. Local Primo usability testing has demonstrated that users get frustrated and give up on requesting if the options are too complex. Minnesota's project has two basic goals: avoid the user needing to know what library service is most appropriate and allow users to initiate requests without first having signed into Primo. Assuming success, Minnesota's project will roll out to users during the summer of 2017. This presentation will discuss the areas within Smart Fulfillment that Minnesota is attempting to improve and the technical challenges encountered.


Direct measurements were made of the displacement of the guinea‐pig eardrum when acted upon by acoustic pressures (200–6000 cps). The mechanical nonlinearities of the ear were studied by introducing a static pressure (0 to ±3000 dyn/cm2) in the middle‐ear cavity. Below 1000 cps, the ratio of the tympanum displacement to the sound pressure was frequency‐independent, with a value of about 4×10−7 cm3/dyn. Above 1000 cps, this ratio exhibited a series of maxima and minima. A static‐pressure difference across the tympanum changed the frequency at which the maximum occurred and generally decreased the displacement/pressure ratio. It was concluded (1) for low frequencies, the lumped‐parameter description of the ear as a cavity was valid; (2) the tympanum acts as a flexible, conical plate under slight tension; (3) the measurements were best explained in terms of two nonlinearities: hysteresis and a nonlinearity of the elastic properties of the ear.


A wideband folded sectorial bowtie antenna with Γ‐shaped strip feed is designed. This feed mechanism is easy to adjust the impedance match. The folded sectorial bowtie antenna (FSBA) shows many advantages over the ordinary sectorial bowtie antenna (SBA). It achieves an impedance bandwidth of 94% for VSWR ≤ 2 ranging from 2.7 to 7.5 GHz, unidirectional radiation patterns, low back radiation, and low cross polarization over the whole operating band. The design is optimized numerically and validated experimentally. It is sufficient for accommodating recent wireless communication services such as WiFi, WiMAX, and lower UWB, etc. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52:2444–2447, 2010; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25495


Surface--modified silvers nanoparticles with different size were prepared by microemulsion, the interface interaction, dispersity and optical properties of silver nanoparticles/organic solvent systems were investigated by ESR, TEM and UV/VIS spectroscopy. Results showed that there is a series of surface local paramagnetic sites in surface-modified silver nanoparticles, which made the relation between ESR's parameters and particle size deviate from Kawabata's, description. There is a Strong interaction between silver nanoparticles and chloroform, the smaller the particle was, the stronger the interaction was. The dispersity of nanoparticles was influenced by particle size and the time of ultrasonic process. It has been found that chloroform, as an excellent solvent for silver nanoparticles and many polymers. could be used to prepare polymeric nanocomposites by means of solution mixing, so it's easy to adjust the aggregated structure of nanoparticles and their optical properties.


the topic I am most frequently questioned about. I am not the first NCBE Director of Testing to have experienced this. In fact, this column and other articles in the Bar Examiner have addressed the topic of equating several times over the years. They say that doing the same thing over and over again and each time expecting a different outcome is a sign of insanity. The fact that I am writing this article makes me a little worried about myself, but here goes.


A detailed geochemical investigation was undertaken to characterize both the soluble (bitumen) and insoluble (kerogen) organic components of DSDP Site 535. This work reveals an organically rich carbonate section of Valanginian to Hauterivian age. This stratigraphic interval contains as much as 11% organic carbon. The kerogen component is dominated by material with elevated atomic H/C ratios, and thus is oil-prone. However, the entire section is thermally immature and has not reached the principal stage of petroleum generation and expulsion. The bitumen component is dominated by nonhydrocarbons (asphaltenes and NSOs) typical of thermally immature sediments. Gas chromatograms of the saturate fraction are also characteristic of thermally immature sediments, revealing a bimod l distribution of components and an abundance of steranes and triterpanes. Within this limestone section, numerous fractures are filled with a "tar-like" material. Preliminary chromatographic analyses suggest that the "tar-like" character of this material may be the result of post-migration alteration. Also within this interval, chromatographic evidence suggests the presence of thermally mature, unaltered hydrocarbons. Computer modeling of maturity indicates that these mature hydrocarbons seemingly have migrated several tens, if not hundreds, of kilometers updip. The uniformity of physical properties throughout the Cretaceous limestone sequence and the association of these hydrocarbons and "tars" with the fractured and brecciated horizons suggest that the migration occurred along the fracture system. End_of_Article - Last_Page 587------------


Projections of the crop demand under future climate scenarios would help us to understand the potential influence of climate change on food safety and water resources.Using the United Nations Food Agriculture Organization(FAO) modified Penman-Monteith equation and the output from the Model for interdisciplinary Research on Climate(MIROC3.2) for the SRA1B emissions scenario,the reference evapotranspiration(ET0) can be calculated for China for the next 50 years.Using the FAO crop coefficients and the Kppen climate classification system,the crop coefficient can thus be determined for every calculation unit.The estimation of crop water demands is achieved using ET0 and the crop coefficient,and the corresponding irrigation water requirement can also be worked out by matching the effective precipitation with the crop water demand.The result shows that on average,China's ET0 could increase by about 8%,and so does for the crop water demand and the irrigation water requirement.Over the northeast region,this increase in irrigation water requirement could reach above 10%,and the increase over South China is also significant.The upward trends in water demands are mainly due to the increase in future temperatures,which can result in an increase of ET0 values.The matter could be further complicated by the reduction of the projected precipitation for the northeast and south regions of China.However,the projected increase in precipitation over the north region could moderate the issue of water demands.


Ultrasonic wave-defect interaction is a background of ultrasound activated techniques for imaging and non-destructive testing (NDT) of materials and industrial components. The interaction, primarily, results in acoustic response of a defect which provides attenuation and scattering of ultrasound used as an indicator of defects in conventional ultrasonic NDT. The derivative ultrasonic-induced effects include e.g. nonlinear, thermal, acousto-optic, etc. responses also applied for NDT and defect imaging. These secondary effects are normally relatively inefficient so that the corresponding NDT techniques require an elevated acoustic power and stand out from conventional ultrasonic NDT counterparts for their specific instrumentation particularly adapted to high-power ultrasonic. In this paper, a consistent way to enhance ultrasonic, optical and thermal defect responses and thus to reduce an ultrasonic power required is suggested by using selective ultrasonic activation of defects based on the concept of local ...


The purpose of this investigation is to identify strategies enhancing employment opportunities for people who are visually impaired by analyzing employment-related circumstances that visually impaired seekers are encountering. To this end, a thorough literature review in the area of employment of people with visual impairments was conducted in order to identify legislative initiatives, employment policies, as well as areas of jobs that visually impaired people are engaged in. Furthermore, various research techniques including analysis of economic activity, employment factor analysis, employment needs assessment, experts delphi survey were utilized to analyze and find out barriers and obstacles that prevent an active participation in the labor market among jobseekers with visual impairments. Based on the literature review as well as findings of needs assessment and delphi survey, strategies to enhance employment opportunities for persons with visual impairments were presented, including vocational assessment and rehabilitation training, appropriate job development and tailored vocational training alternatives, job preparation and employment support system, employment policies feasible for people with visual impairments, and viable options to facilitate massage business.


The present culinary technological experimental teaching is a kind of demonstrative experimentation on the whole. By doing so it is difficult for modern catering industry to suit the need of its rapid development and cultivate innovative personnel. Increasing the proportion of comprehensive and designable experiments in the culinary technological experimental teaching, and making experimental system perfect will enable the enhancement of students' culinary technological comprehensive skills and innovative ability. But putting comprehensive and designable experiments into effect should be done in accordance with relevant culinary knowledge, the needs of catering market and the developing orientation of students' majors. As we practise such a kind of experimentation, students should be regarded as the main body.


It was hypothesized that mobilization vs immobilization after injury would promote tissue healing by regulating gene expression for molecules associated with repair. Cast immobilization vs free mobilization was studied after rat Achilles tendon rupture. Reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction was performed at 8 and 17 days post‐rupture to assess different growth factors [brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), nerve growth factor (NGF) and insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1)] and inflammatory mediators [cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 (COX 1 and COX 2), inducible nitric oxide synthase and hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α)] in the healing region. At 8 days post‐injury, tendon mRNA levels were comparable in both groups. However, by day 17, the mRNA levels for BDNF, bFGF, COX 1 and HIF‐1α in the mobilized group had increased significantly. Corresponding mRNA levels in the immobilized group decreased during the same period. There were no significant differences in the expression of NGF, IGF‐1 or COX 2 between the different groups, indicating that injury‐associated expression of these molecules is not overtly influenced by loading. This study supports the notion that prolonged immobilization post‐rupture hampers the healing process by compromising the up‐regulation of repair gene expression in the healing tendon. It might be speculated that a shorter period of immobilization, i.e. 1 week, would not impair the healing process significantly. The findings support the current development of earlier and more active rehabilitation programs after tendon injuries.


Performance evaluation is commonly based on objective indicators which do not explicitly consider the role of perceptions. Especially when evaluating countries' performance, citizens' perceptions can influence public debate and socio-economic narratives. Since these may influence policy making and countries' performance, perceptions should not be ignored. The objective of this article is to investigate the presence of discrepancies between objective performance and self-perception (subjective performance) among European Union countries. The aim is to raise awareness of the importance of recognizing biases in performance perception as factors that may hamper European debate, countries' relations and, thus, the political and social sustainability of the European project. The article considers five spending areas that may influence the public opinion's assessment about countries' performance (education, environmental protection, health, public order and safety and social protection) and compares objective and subjective indicators for 28 EU countries from 2007 to 2017 using the distance-to-frontier score methodology. The results indicate that the discrepancies are significant, with a generalized tendency toward overestimation, especially among some Central and Northern European countries. The opposite occurred in Greece and some Eastern European countries. These results represent a starting point for grasping an undervalued aspect of the complexity of the European socio-economic environment.


In recent years, there has been a growing acceptance that childhood physical and sexual abuse lead to higher rates of psychiatric morbidity in adulthood. Childhood abuse experiences have been reported to be highly prevalent among patients with anxiety disorders. Similarly, childhood incest victims have been found to suffer from a significantly higher rate of anxiety disorders in adulthood especially agoraphobia, than a nonvictimized, matched comparison group. Epidemiology studies also support a relationship between childhood abuse and the subsequent development of anxiety disorders. Two separate community surveys found that childhood sexual victimization predicted the later onset of agoraphobia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and social phobia. This open access graduate research paper is available at UNI ScholarWorks: https://scholarworks.uni.edu/grp/497 CHILDHOOD PHYSICAL OR SEXUAL ABUSE AS A POSSIBLE INDICATOR OF SUBSEQUENT ADULT ANXIETY DISORDERS A Research Paper Presented to The Department of Educational Leadership, Counseling, and Postsecondary Education University of Northern Iowa In Partial Fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree


Disclosed is using electric power generated by the power generator, a repeater, and supplies the power for the camera drive, energy storage system capable of charging the battery using the residual power and to provide a heater driving method. An energy storage system of the present invention includes a power generator for generating electrical energy, via a power generator to convert the magnitude of the generated electric energy, charged or the output energy storing converted electrical energy a device, comprising: a relay which operates the electric energy as a driving power outputted via the energy storage device, the energy storage device, the repeater has won internal data corresponding to the operation state of the energy storage system transmission and, repeater, characterized by transmitting the internal data to be transmitted via the energy storage device to the management server, and transmits the energy storage device receives the control data in response to the internal data through the management server to. .FIELD 1


The conventional story of the fate of James II's Great Seal, that he cast it into the Thames in the course of his flight from Whitehall in the early hours of 11th December 1688, was challenged by the late Sir Hilary Jenkinson in an enthralling article in the Antiquaries Journal in 1943. He perceived that in design and size the counterseal used by William and Mary for their Great Seal (1689) is wellnigh identical with that used by James II, except that a figure of Mary mounted on horseback has been crudely intruded into it; the inscription is new. With this in mind he examined the statements of a number of contemporary writers and later historians about what happened to James's Great Seal and, finding a number of discrepancies among them, argued that the conventional story is extremely doubtful, if not false, and that William and Mary made use of James's counterseal—the actual matrix—with comparatively slight alterations. In a final section he noted the resemblance between impressions of both seal and counterseal of James II and those of William III's seal and counterseal (1695), and suggested, with only a slight reservation ('I am afraid we cannot say with absolute certainty that the actual matrices engraved by John Roettier in 1685 were still in existence in 1702'), that William was now using both of James's matrices. The suggestion appears as a statement of fact, with no reservation, in Sir Hilary's Guide to the Seals in the Public Record Office, 1954.


Enhancing the performance of human face detection, tracking and recognition has been done by skin detection considering it as the fundamental step for the several decades. Of the evolved skin detection techniques, skin cluster classifier based on the human skin tone color are considered along with the concept of combination of two color spaces. This paper presents a novel method of combining more than one color space for human skin segmentation based on the piecewise linear decision boundary classifier and provides an analogous study on the use of color spaces for the segmentation of human skin regions under inconsistent illumination conditions, basically altering skin tone color and varying lighting conditions. The color spaces that are used for this study are: HSV, HSL, LMS, LSLM, XYZ, XYEz, YCC, YPbPr, and YDbDr. Combinations of two color spaces are used for the analysis of success rate for the human skin detection region. Finally, the comparison is made between single and combinations of color spaces to find out the best possible color space(s) either single or combination of two color spaces that has given clear discrimination between skin and non-skin pixels in color image. The successfulness of the color space(s) or combination of color space(s) depends on the false positive and false negative rate obtained after the extensive experimental evaluation over the commonly used sample face database.


OpenAI's ChatGPT language model has gained popularity as a powerful tool for complex problem-solving and information retrieval. However, concerns arise about the reproduction of biases present in the language-specific training data. In this study, we address this issue in the context of the Israeli-Palestinian and Turkish-Kurdish conflicts. Using GPT-3.5, we employed an automated query procedure to inquire about casualties in specific airstrikes, in both Hebrew and Arabic for the former conflict and Turkish and Kurdish for the latter. Our analysis reveals that GPT-3.5 provides 27$\pm$11 percent lower fatality estimates when queried in the language of the attacker than in the language of the targeted group. Evasive answers denying the existence of such attacks further increase the discrepancy, creating a novel bias mechanism not present in regular search engines. This language bias has the potential to amplify existing media biases and contribute to information bubbles, ultimately reinforcing conflicts.


June has been a busy month with Australian design featuring high on both the national and international arenas. There is much to enjoy about the prospects these developments bring to the Australian craft and design sector.


PURPOSE: A medical data providing device according to the handover of a medical sensor and a method thereof are provided to directly deliver the medical information of a patient to an emergency medical team in an emergency of a chronic patient by directly providing medical information when handing over the medical information of a user from a certain position to another position. CONSTITUTION: A medical data client (12) requests medical data to a medical sensor (20) and receives the requested medical data from the medical sensor. A security module (11) manages an access authority to the medical data. The data management part (13) stores the received medical data. When an abnormal state alarm for alarming the abnormal state of a patient is received from the medical sensor, an event handler (14) delivers access security release command for the medical data to the medical sensor. [Reference numerals] (11) UPnP device security control point; (12) UPnP medical protection control point; (13) Data management unit; (14) Abnormal state processing unit; (21) UPnP device security server; (22) UPnP medical protection server; (23) Medical sensor; (24) State handler


This study investigates prosody and semantic specification in Greek with reference to affirmative and negative sentence quantifier functions. A production and a perception experiment were carried out, the results of which indicate: (1) The negative interpretation of the w with focus on the quantifier, whereas the positive one with focus on the preceding verb. (2) The word in focus has an enlarged tonal range associated with the stressed syllable, while the material out of focus is tonally compressed. (3) The stressed syllable of the word in focus, especially the vowel, is significantly longer. (4) The affirmative and negative functions of the quantifier had high identification rates, indicating a one-to-one production and perception relation.


Figure 1. There was thunder amongst the showers on several days during May over the UK, but these clouds nearly always appeared as mere dots on satellite pictures. This image (courtesy of University of Dundee) is for 1701 UTC on 2 May and shows massive thunderclouds over continental Europe, from which the anvil tops have spread over tens of kilometres. Isolated thunder broke over Oxon and Gloucs later and the remnants of the continental storms reached Norfolk and Suffolk around midnight. Figure 2. There were remarkable temperature contrasts across a depression drifting northeast on 10 May. Radar at 1430 UTC (courtesy of meteox.co.uk) shows a large area of rain over northern regions, where it was very cold (maximum 5°C at Salsburgh). There was rain in the south too, but towards the east coast some places brightened and became warm: 21°C was recorded at Bridlington, but only 10°C a few miles to the north at Loftus. On the near-continent temperatures reached 25–30°C.


Procedure for diphone synthesis and / or polifonemas from the actual frequency structure of the constituent phonemes. The present invention relates to the process for generating the acoustic signal synthesized voice sounds from a minimum prior information of the constituent phonemes obtained by segmentation of a previous recording; It said minimum information consists of the spectral envelope corresponding to a single period set in the stationary zone of the phoneme.


The polypropylene (PP) was corona charged using different grid voltage to prepare varies electrets with different polarities. The penetration and stability of the external electrostatic field of the PP electret through the excised fresh, stratum corneum (SC) stripped and dehydrated rat skin and the surface potential decay at the dermis side of the rat skin were investigated after application of different PP electrets onto the skin samples. The results indicated that the PP electrets could change the polarized state of the fresh and SC stripped skin. The change of the polarized state of the skin was closely related to the polarity and magnitude of the potential of the PP electret. The external electric field of the PP electret could penetrate through all skin samples and showed good stability as well. Besides, the electrostatic field of the PP electret could also form a stable potential difference between both sides of the SC to regulate the polarized state of the SC.


rellecting those achievements: algebra, algorithm, zero, alkali, alcohol, alizarin, soap, check, admiral. Even the word lens, which is derived from the name of the lentil bean it resembles, reflects the older Arabic usage, adasa. The modern concept of "good functional design" owes a lot to this period. The average Arab sought to surround himself with beautifully made objects placed in welldesigned structures, and the high standard of living allowed the invention of what we might today call high-tech toys. Bad? az-Zaman alJazari (twelfth to thirteenth centuries) compiled and beautifully illustrated The Book qf Ingenious Mechanical Devices. full of water clocks, fountains, automata, and the like[2]. One device was ofthe "foremost importance in the development of the steam engine and pumping machinery." It was a two-piston reciprocating pump in which circular motion was converted to linear motion. Another device employed a conical floating valve, one of the earliest examples of a closed-loop feedback control system, a startingly modern concept. Conical valves were first mentioned in the West by da Vinci, and it is speculated that the Renaissance master could have had access to Latin versions of al-Jazari's book. In one of the specialized essays that focus on particular persons or events, R. B. Winder wryly comments that "if al-Jazari, like Leonardo, had devoted some of his genius to the construction of machines of war, his name would be well remembered in the West today" (p. 216). This remark is unfair to Leonardo. The Arab civilization survived despite the conflict and war that are all too common in any age. The Arabs had their own share of eccentric professors, fickle rulers, and all-toohuman dreamers. Consider al-Jahiz, a scholar whose name means "popeye", who perished when a bookshelf toppled over him. Hunayn ibn Ishaq, the renowned physician, went to prison rather than comply with his prince's request to provide him with poison. Or consider al-Haytham himself, who spent his old age in disgrace for his failed plan to regulate the flow of the Nile and made his living copying works by Euclid. Still, those centuries differed from our world in important ways. A bedrock of faith allowed the Arab to believe in a good universe created by Allah, in which people felt at home. This world view allowed amazingly confident flights of imagination within a holistic approach to nature and society. Intuition, followed by refinement of perception and concept, characterized the spirit of the times, unlike the tight hypotheses in need of proof that often lead to aridity and inhibition and color so much of our own world today.


Sodium borohydride reduction of the 1,2(lH)-diazepines 1a-e and 7, and the 1,2(1H)-diazepine iron tricarbonyl complexes 4a–b provides the 2,3-dihydro-1,2(1H)-diazepines 2a–e and 8, and the (2,3-dih...


It is shown that unitary quantum theory is not only consistent with but follows from decompositional equivalence: the principle that there is no preferred decomposition of the universe into systems, or alternatively, that there is no preferred quantum reference frame. Decompositional equivalence requires unitary quantum theory to be both observerand scale-independent, requires time, "systems" and all classical information to be strictly observer-relative, and imposes an unavoidable free-energy cost on the acquisition of observational outcomes. This free energy cost of observation is characterized from first principles and shown to accord with known costs of information acquisition and storage by human observers.


We applied slow-release nutrient treatments at the sediment surface of existing eelgrass patches in order to determine their effect on plant growth and water quality in Frenchman Bay, ME. The nutrient addition did not seem to adversely affect water quality in the study area; in addition, there were no same-season effects of nutrient addition on plant growth. Potential longterm effects will be investigated in summer 2013.


The University of Tartu (which was founded In 1632) and its Department of Public Health (Hygiene) have been the centre of public health research in Estonia. Environmental factors such as living conditions, water, soil, air and food have been the traditional topics. The study on blind people and people suffering from eye diseases among the rural population of Livonia conducted by Professor Himmelstiern in 1856–1859 proved to be the first epidemlological study in Russia. Professor Korber, a supporter of a statistical approach in research, founded the local school of demographers in 1890s. Professor Khlopin's stay in Tartu (1895–1903) was a very fruitful period. He and his students paid much attention to communal hygiene. Professor Rammul, the head of the department in 1920–1940, initiated and supervised an extensive medicogeographical study of overall Estonia. The Second World War and post-war years caused a standstill in research. A revival occurred in the end of 1950s when Professor Kask returned to the department. After his death (1968), Associate Professor Ulbo and Professor Jannus continued his work. Their main study areas were concerned with public health aspects of the water supply, nutrition of pre-school children and their provision with vitamins, work conditions and health risks of some occupations. During resent years the area of research has enlarged to comprise health risks due to lifestyle factors, health economics and health care management topics. After the war special medical research institutes were established. They have made a considerable contribution to public health research in Estonia.


The Seperated Roll Conveyor Mechnism is modified and optimized using the optimization method.The former conjugation cam mechanism is substituted for link mechnism.And the software CAD is developed for link mechnism.


In this paper, between the years of 1970-2008 journals that are indexed in Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI), activity-based costing, target costing, life-cycle costing, kaizen costing and quality costing is intended to make a literature.For this purpose, keywords about the related subjects are browsed in SSCI in ISI- Web of Science data base. As a result of browsing the full text published between 1970 and 2008, a total of 233 articles have been assessed in terms of content and authors. As a result of analysis, it's seen that there were much more articles published on activity based costing and life cycle costing than the others in the journals within the scope of SSCI between 1970 and 2008. Review of the article is published in 119 different journals and the journals in


Bioactive componentsin plant products have been used for the prevention and treatment of various diseases since ancient history. One of the major classes of bioactive compounds is plant polyphenols, which are found in plant seeds, fruits, leaves and bark. Previous studies have shown that cinnamon is beneficial to people with insulin resistance due in part to the insulin‐like activity of cinnamon polyphenol extract (CPE). The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of CPE, cottonseed extract and insulin on the expression of diacylglycerolacyltransferase (DGAT) and tristetraprolin(TTP), two important gene families whose protein products are related to fatbiosynthesis and anti‐inflammatory response in mammalian cells. DGATs areintegral membrane proteins that catalyze the last step of triacylglycerols (TAGs)biosynthesis in eukaryotic organisms. Plants and animals deficient in DGATs accumulate less TAGs and over‐expression of DGATs increases TAGs. DGAT knockoutmice are resistant to diet‐induced obesity. This study used cultured mouse3T3‐L1 adipocytes and RAW264.7 macrophages. The pre‐adipocytes were induced to oil‐droplet‐filled adipocytes and subsequently treated with insulin (0, 10 and 100 nM) and CPE (0, 10 and 100 μg/ml) for 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min. RAW macrophages were treated with CPE (100 μg/ml), insulin (100 nM) and lipopolysaccharides (LPS, 0.1 μg/ml) for 0, 30, 60, 120 and 240 min. Total RNAs were extracted from the cells and converted into cDNAs. TaqMan quantitative real‐time PCR was used to evaluate mRNA levels of mouse DGAT1, DGAT2 and TTP genes using RPL32 and UBQLN3 as internal references. Results showed that DGAT mRNA levels were generally decreased and ZTTP mRNA levels were modestly increased by insulin and CPE in adipoctyes. Insulin and CPE effects on DGAT2 and TTP gene expression were modestly increased but LPS increased TTP mRNA levels up to50‐fold in macrophages. The results from cottonseed extracts will be discussed. Our results support the idea that CPE has insulin‐like effects and suggest apotential positive effect of CPE in reducing fat biosynthesis in adipocytes and increasing anti‐inflammatory activities in macrophages. The significance of this study is that CPE could be potentially useful for obesity prevention.


X-ray observations of the neutron star (NS) in the Cas A supernova remnant over the past decade suggest the star is undergoing a rapid drop in surface temperature of ≈2%–5.5%. One explanation suggests the rapid cooling is triggered by the onset of neutron superfluidity in the core of the star, causing enhanced neutrino emission from neutron Cooper pair breaking and formation (PBF). Using consistent NS crust and core equations of state (EOSs) and compositions, we explore the sensitivity of this interpretation to the density dependence of the symmetry energy L of the EOS used, and to the presence of enhanced neutrino cooling in the bubble phases of crustal "nuclear pasta." Modeling cooling over a conservative range of NS masses and envelope compositions, we find L ≲ 70 MeV, competitive with terrestrial experimental constraints and other astrophysical observations. For masses near the most likely mass of M ≳ 1.65 M☉, the constraint becomes more restrictive 35 ≲ L ≲ 55 MeV. The inclusion of the bubble cooling processes decreases the cooling rate of the star during the PBF phase, matching the observed rate only when L ≲ 45 MeV, taking all masses into consideration, corresponding to NS radii ≲ 11 km.


Background: Blepharophimosis-ptosis-epicanthus syndrome (BPES) is a rare genetic disorder with autosomal dominant inheritance. There are two distinct phenotypes: BPES type I, which is associated with eyelid abnormalities as well as female infertility or premature menopause due to ovarian resistance to gonadotropins, whereas in type II only eyelid abnormalities are present. Mutations in the forkhead transcription factor 2 (FOXL2) gene are responsible for both types of BPES. Objectives: Thepurposeof thisstudywastoidentifymutationsinFOXL2intwoIranianfamilies(fromTehran)withBPESwhowere referred to Tehran Medical Genetics laboratory. Methods: Theperipheralbloodwascollectedfromtheaffectedmembersof twoBPESfamiliesandgenomicDNAwasextractedusing salting out method. Then, direct sequencing of whole exon of FOXL2 genewas performed. Results: Two frameshift mutations were identified in FOXL2 gene in two familial cases including NM_023067:c.102_103insA (p.G35Rfs*61)as a novel mutation and NM_023067:c.855_871dup (p.H291Rfs*71) (17-bp insertion). Both mutations cause the protein to be truncated and are responsible for a severe phenotype (BPES type I) which was in harmony with our finding. Conclusions: Our results increased the spectrum of FOXL2 mutations and confirm the mutations associated with BPES type I.


We consider a thin viscous film that lines a rigid cylindrical tube and surrounds a core of in-viscid fluid, and we model the flow that is driven by a prescribed azimuthally varying tension at the core-film interface, with dimensional form σ * m ― a * cos(nθ) (where constants n e ℕ and σ* m , a * ∈ ℝ). Neglecting axial variations, we seek steady two-dimensional solutions with the full symmetries of the evolution equation. For a * = 0 (constant interfacial tension), the fully symmetric steady solution is neutrally stable and there is a continuum of steady solutions, whereas for a* ≠ 0 and n = 2, 3, 4, ..., the fully symmetric steady solution is linearly unstable. For n = 2 and n = 3, we analyse the weakly nonlinear stability of the fully symmetric steady solution, assuming that 0 0 and n = 1, 2, 3,..., the film can evolve towards a steady solution featuring a drained region. We investigate the draining dynamics using matched asymptotic methods.


Why is the Moon getting further away from Earth? The first reason that comes to mind is, of course, the expansion of the universe, but the calculations according to Hubble's law do not match these observations. Through the theory of space-time ladder, we have established the expansion formula of the planets and satellites in the solar system, and the calculation results are basically consistent with the observations. Moreover, when explaining the expansion formula, the similar atoms fine structure constants in the solar system are found. This constant is related to the contraction of the Energy QI field. It is the constant that causes the expansion speed of the planet to decrease in the form of an equiangular spiral, so the expansion velocity of the planets in the solar system differs greatly from the recessional velocity in Hubble's Law. Through this calculation, it is found that although both the atom and the solar system are contracted in the form of the physical space-time, there is a difference. The atom shrinks in contraction, which is a complete contraction, while the solar system expands in contraction. This is consistent with the prediction of the space-time ladder theory. The contraction of atoms and the expansion of the universe correspond to each other. The increase of the atomic fine structure constant proves that the atom is shrinking, and the atomic contraction seems to be that the universe is expanding in the space-time ladder theory. These results prove that the space-time ladder theory is correct. In addition, this study found that the interpretation of force by space-time ladder theory is equivalent to the interpretation of force by quantum electrodynamics (QED), and is based on fine structure constants.


We report on hadron spectroscopy using the CLAS at Jefferson Lab. We present preliminary results from photoproduction experiments studying the spectroscopy of exotic mesons, cascades (Ξ's) and Dalitz decays of pseudo-scalar mesons in the largest data sample ever to be produced at photon energies of about 5 GeV. We also describe, briefly, a new experiment to continue hadron spectroscopy at CLAS12 (at Jefferson Lab energy upgrade) using electroproduction at very low Q2 ("quasireal photons") up to photon energies of 10 GeV.


In civil engineering,the smart health monitoring method using fiber optic sensor is a new approach that evaluates the structural health condition.In this paper,firstly the special excellent characteristics of fiber bragg grating sensor are introduced in this paper,then the structure and working principles of fiber bragg sensor are emphasized,The current status of research and application of fiber grating sensors to civil engineering both domestic and abroad is introduced with some demonstrations,including the systematic construction of fiber health monitor system,the signal management and the installation,etc.Finally the paper points out the perspective usages and future of fiber optic sensing techniques in civil engineering.


The invention discloses a composite current collector for a corrosion resistance and high conductivity pseudocapacitance type supercapacitor and a preparing method of the composite current collector. The composite current collector comprises a base material, one face or the two faces of the base material is/are coated with a conductive bonding transition layer/conductive bonding transition layers, and a conductive corrosion resistance layer/conductive corrosion resistance layers is/are bonded to the conductive bonding transition layer/conductive bonding transition layers. The composite current collector is resistant to corrosion, high in conductivity, simple in production process, continuous and efficient in production and each to produce in a mass mode.


Abstract. The EarthCARE satellite mission's objective is to retrieve profiles of aerosol and water cloud physical properties from
measurements made by its cloud-profiling radar, backscattering lidar, and
passive multi-spectral imager. These retrievals, together
with other geophysical properties, are input into broadband (BB) radiative
transfer (RT) models that predict radiances and fluxes commensurate with
measurements made and inferred from EarthCARE's BB radiometer (BBR). The
scientific goal is that modelled and "observed" BB top-of-atmosphere (TOA) fluxes differ, on
average, by less than ±10 W m−2. When sound synergistic retrievals
from the ACM-CAP process (ACM: ATLID – backscattering lidar, CPR – cloud-profiling
radar, and MSI – multi-spectral imager; CAP: clouds, aerosols, and precipitation) are available, they are acted on by the RT models.
When they are not available, the RT models act on "composite" profiles of
properties retrieved from measurements made by individual sensors.
Compositing is performed in the ACM-COM (COM: composite) process. The majority of this report describes the RT models – and their products –
that make up EarthCARE's ACM-RT process. Profiles of BB shortwave (SW) and
longwave (LW) fluxes and heating rates (HRs) are computed by 1D RT models for each ∼ 1 km nadir column of inferred properties. Three-dimensional RT models
compute radiances for the BBR's three viewing directions, with the SW model
also computing flux and HR profiles; the 3D LW model produces upwelling flux
at just one level. All 3D RT products are averages over 5×21 km
"assessment domains" that are constructed using MSI data. Some of ACM-RT's products are passed forward to the "radiative closure assessment" process that quantifies, for each assessment domain, the likelihood that EarthCARE's
goal has been achieved. As EarthCARE represents the first mission to make
"operational" use of 3D RT models, emphasis is placed on differences
between 1D and 3D RT results. For upwelling SW flux at 20 km altitude, 1D
and 3D values can be expected to differ by more than EarthCARE's scientific
goal of ±10 W m−2 at least 50 % of the time.


Present research work analyses the effect of heating modes on the densification, microstructure and mechanical properties of aluminum alloys [65Al-20Cu-15Mn] fabricated through powder metallurgy route. Sintering of compacts using conventional, microwave and spark plasma sintering methods has been carried out at 525°C. From the results, it has been observed that the spark plasma sintering method produced the samples with better mechanical properties than the other two methods, followed by microwave and conventionally sintered counterparts. Microstructural analysis using optical microscopy revealed that spark plasma sintered sample has finest microstructure due to faster rate of heating than microwave and conventional methods.


Anticoagulant therapy is the gold standard treatment in thromboembolic prevention in AF patients. Starting from the indications from the regional indications that give the therapeutic diagnostic path, a divisional clinic dedicated to the diagnosis and treatment of AF was born in our territory. The aim of the team (Cardiologists, Nurses, GPs, administrative secretariat) was to monitor the number of patients treated with DOACs through AIFA therapeutic plans; Verify adherence to regional guidelines, analysis of therapy adherence; Prepare a protocol for the management of complications and emergencies; Ensure that the departments and services authorized to prescribe NOA take charge, in collaboration with general practitioners who since June 2020 have become active prescribers and also actors in the follow–up of patients; Taking care of the training of the prescribers themselves and the education of patients through hospital meetings dedicated to guided counseling and, finally, monitoring the pharmaceutical expenditure of the NOA on the total prescription of the local health unit of competence in compliance with the regional indicators. In our hospital the pilot project started in 2017 (3726 currently in FU). In the three–year period 2017–19, an average of 700 therapeutic plans were collected for renewal / first prescription per year (58.3 plans / month) to be monitored in subsequent years. In the two–year period 2020–2021, which saw the difficulty of organizing activities due to the pandemic emergency, 903 and 790 PTs were analyzed with an average of 70 plans / month, keeping almost 75% of face to face visits compared to telemedicals set up in the pandemic context.
 According to the data, therefore, there is a strong need for diagnostic and health assistance paths. Despite the emergency period and despite a framework in which territorial medicine could have helped the clinical and bureaucratic effort, no resistance to the care burden has occurred and on the contrary the constant increase in patients makes the complexity and difficulty of a correct clinical classification and management support for patients with AOC needs


Introduction: The Political and Social Thought of Andrew Arato Enrique Peruzzotti and Martin Plot PART I: From Critical Theory to Constitution Making: The Contemporary Relevance or Arato's Democratic Theory 1. Democracy, Anti-politics and the Actuality of the History of Political Thought Dick Howard 2. Constitutionalism in Fragmented Societies: The Integrative Function of Constitutions Ulrich K. Preuss 3. The Concept of "Self-Binding" in Constitutional Theory Hubertus Buchstein 4. Popular Sovereignty Janos Kis 5. Palestinians in Israel: The Constitutional Debates Uri Ram PART II - Civil Society, Populism, and the Modern Executive: Arato's Intellectual Influence in the Americas 6. The Concept of Civil Society and the Latin American Debate on Democratic Innovation Alberto J. Olvera 7. Civil Society in Latin America: From the Excluded Other to Democratic Deepening Leonardo Avritzer 8. Between Authoritarianism and Democracy in Latin America's Re-Founding Revolutions Carlos de la Torre 9. The Bad Uses of the Concept of Populism in Latin America Nicolas Lynch 10. A Trickling Fountain or a Devastating Torrent: Andrew Arato's Theory of the Modern Republican Executive Maria Victoria Crespo Appendix I: Conceptual History of Dictatorship (And its Rivals) Andrew Arato Appendix II: Andrew Arato's Bibliography


Asymmetrical Supply of Induction Machines Remedial Operating Strategiesin case of Converter Faults The three-phase induction motor is a very robust and reliable machine that finds industrial application within a wide range of electrical drives. The increased use of power electtonics to supply the induction machine, extends this range more and more into the fieldof-sametimes highly dynamica!adjustable speed drives. At the same time ho wever, the addition of power electtonics does not necessarily guarantee that the reliability of the complete drive equals or exceeds that of an induction machine connected to the grid directly, without power converter. In practicé, the failure of a single switching device or gate driver in the power converter is often foliowed by the shutdown of the complete drive. Ho wever, under certain conditions such a shutdown is not needed. If these unnecessary shutdowns were avoided, this would result in an increased reliability of the drive. It is therefore necessary to know what kind of operation of the drive is possible while a fa uit is present in the power converter. In this thesis, a classification of such faults is presented, based on their effect on the drive. Current faults are those faults that are related to an open circuit in the converter, and voltage faults are related to short circuits. An important issue is also whether or not the star point of the stator windings of the machine is connected in a way that allows a homapolar current to flow. If so, more redundancy is present in the circuit and operation duringa fa uit, the so--called remedial operation, can be realized much more easily. In case a complete stator phase becomes disconnected, appropriate control of the homopalar current can guarantee remedial operation with a constant torque, which is however limited due to an increased current demand for the remaining two phases. To study this kind of operation, the standard machine model had to be extended with a homopalar impedance. Using this extended model, homopolar-current control has been implemented on a voltage-fed induction machine. Experiments showed successful remedial operation, but also demonstrated that a homapolar current causes saturation in the rnain-flux path. Without star-point connection, the loss of a complete stator phase is a very serious fault, during which remedial operation will in most cases not be possible. Fast control of the current in the remaining phases can reduce the harmonie content of the inevitable torque ripple, or can be used to remove low-frequency components from this ripple. It is however not possible to re duce the amplitude of the ripple to less than 100% of the average torque, and substantial impravement of the torque requires a high peak current in the remaining phases. Remedial operation is therefore only possible ifthe mechanica! system ofthe drive can withstand an important torque ripple and if the power converter can supply high peak currents. vi Asymmetrical Supply of Induction Machines An open circuit of a single switching device is a fault for which remedial operatien can be realized with more success. Investigated was the case of a single-device open circuit in a six-switch voltage-souree inverter. This fault opens one stator phase of the machine duringa lirnited part of each period of the stator current. If the induction machine is used as a generator, the remaining devices can be used to obtain constant-torque remedial operation. This was realized using a new rotor-flux oriented control method, whose main idea consists of maintaining a constant torque while allowing when necessary a varlation of the magnetizing current component. During motor operation, the open circuit of one phase lasts much longer. Unfortunately, it is for that case not possible to maintain a constant torque, nor can the amplitude of the torque variatien be reduced below a theoretica! 100% of the average torque. However, the new control reduces the width of the inevitable torque dip considerably. This reduction requires an increased current in most ofthe remaining devices. Also in this case the feasibility ofremedial operatien depends on the mechanica! system and on the overcurrent capability of the converter. Voltage faultsshort circuits of a complete phase or of a single devicedo in practice not allow any remedial operatien of the induction machine. In the presence of a star-point connection, constant-torque remedial eperation is theoretically possible even if a machine phase is constantly short-circuited. However, this would require extremely high currents, which no power converter is likely to be able to supply. For the case of a voltage-souree inverter, eperation during a short circuit of a single device also results in extremely high currents. It is theoretically impossible to control the remaining healthy devices yielding remedial eperation without extreme torque dips and overcurrents. To allow some kind of remedial operation, short circuits should therefore be avoided as much as possible. If they do occur, they should be transformed into an open· circuit as soon as possible. Conneering the star point of the stator windings increases the possibilities for remedial operation considerably. Finally, faults should he limited to a single device whenever possible, leav:ing a maximum number of other devices intact. Remedial operatiol1 requires an increase in the complexity of the control system. In this thesis, control systerns as well as reai-time simulations were implemented on a powerful digital-signal-processor system. Whereas further development of such systerns will allow their application in industrial drives, it was shown that also using less sophisticated control hardware, remedial operaring strategies can be implemented.


The purpose of this study was to determine if intelligence quotient mean test scores of middle school students of different races, sexes, and socioeconomic classes could be significantly increased through the use of tangible and intangible rewards of money and praise. One hundred and thirty-five students from lower and middle socioeconomic classes were randomly assigned to three groups. The stratified groups, two experimental and one control, contained approximately the same number of male and female students. The students were identified as lower and middle socioeconomic class whites and lower socioeconomic blacks. Ten hypothesis were tested and the results supported the following: 1. Significant increases in the intelligence quotient test scores of lower class blacks were dependent upon monetary reward. 2. Significant increases in the intelligence quotient test scores of middle and lower class whites occurred when spoken verbal praise was administered. 3. The sequencing of money first and praise second led to significant increases in the scores of lower and middle class white females and middle class males.


Photoacclimatization of zooxanthellae extracted from the coral Poci lopora verrucosa was studied through the determination of pigments, light absorption and photosynthetic parameters, for samples collected in summer and winter between 1 and 40 m on a northwestern reef of Tahiti (French Polynesia). The same measurements were also performed on phytoplanktonic samples collected at a stable oceanic site north of the island. For the zooxanthellae, the variations with depth of all the parameters were generally of small amplitude. Seasonal differences were also observed. The photosynthetic to non-photosynthetic pigments ratio was higher at depth in both seasons and was higher in winter. The intracellular concentration of chlorophyll a and photosynthetic pigments was higher in winter, as was the photosynthetic pigments/chlorophylla ratio, whereas the non-photosynthetic pigments/chlorophyll a ratio was higher in summer. Variations in the light absorption properties were also small. The photosynthetic parameters showed limited changes with depth with the largest variations (a factor of ∼ 2) observed forPmax. The trends observed for the phytoplankton assemblage were generally of much higher amplitudes than for the zooxanthellae (e.g. for photosynthetic to non-photosynthetic pigments ratio or the saturation parameter, Ek). These results suggest that, in the very clear Polynesian waters, the amount of energy that reaches the zooxanthellae of P. verrucosa is not variable enough in the 1–40 m depth range to result in a drastic modification of the photosynthetic apparatus of the algae. © 2002 Ifremer/CNRS/IRD/Éditions scientifiques et médicales Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved.


The invention discloses an all-around movement high-efficiency mixer. A charging barrel is a double-square-taper barrel, taper top shaft ends on two ends of the double-square-taper barrel are respectively supported on a driving arm and a driven arm, the driving arm is installed on a main stander by virtue of a rotating shaft, the driven arm is installed on an auxiliary stander by virtue of a rotating shaft, and the driving arm and the driven arm are connected with each other in the vertical direction by virtue of a back-forth linking arm. The barrel consists of two square taper bodies and a middle square column body, and a feeding opening and a discharging opening are respectively formed in a lateral diagonal wire of the square column body on the middle waist part of the charging barrel. When the driving arm is driven by an electric motor on the main stander by virtue of a reducer, the driven arm and the charging barrel are collectively driven by virtue of the linking arm to rotate along the axis of the stander, the charging barrel enters a three-dimensional movement state, i.e. revolution; the driven arm drives the charging barrel by virtue of a transmission system of the auxiliary stander to rotate along the axis of the charging barrel, i.e. the charging barrel autorotates; and after two motors on the main stander and the auxiliary stander are started, the charging barrel of the mixer enters the revolution and autorotation operation condition. The all-around movement high-efficiency mixer is high in efficiency, good in mixing quality and suitable for mixing powder.


Primary gastric lymphoma (PGL) is derived from mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) and it differs from nodal lymphoma in histologic features and biologic behavior. Recent studies have showed that Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) infection is closely related to the development of low grade gastric lymphoma, and eradication of the infection induces regression of the tumor. H. pylori infection is known to be important to the development of gastric MALT lymphoma. The aim of this study was to elucidate the histopathological behavior of PGL according to the concept of MALT and to compare the predictive value of tests frequently used for diagnosis of H. pylori. The histological features of gastric lymphoma arising from MALT are the replacement of glands by uniform dense infiltration of centrocyte-like cells in the lamina propria and lymphoidepithelial lesion. H. pylori-associated histologic changes of neutrophilic infiltration, lymphoid follicle or aggregates formation and intestinal metaplasia, and H. pylori immunoreactivity were analyzed. Detection of H. pylori in chronic active gastritis and peptic ulcer suggests a possible role of H. pylori in the pathogenesis. Giemsa, Toluidine blue and Long H&E stains were used in H. pylori detection. Histopathological examination of gastric biopsy specimens revealed lymphoepithelial lesions pathognomonic of MALT lymphoma, and immunohistochemical staining for CD20 was diffusely positive. CD3 was positive in reactive T cells. PAX-5 was negative except the follicle. Bcl-2, cytokeratin, Ki-67, and c-myc were positive. The findings may indicate a predictable transition of low grade to high grade, and c-myc may be used as a valuable marker before molecular pathology diagnosis.


Abstract We study families of diffeomorphisms close to the identity, which tend to it when the parameter goes to zero, and having homoclinic points. We consider the analytical case and we find that the maximum separation between the invariant manifolds, in a given region, is exponentially small with respect to the parameter. The exponent is related to the complex singularities of a flow which is taken as an unperturbed problem. Finally several examples are given.


PV system(Photovoltaic system) as an alternative energy resource for a fossil fuel is judged to have an enormous possibility in a usable point of earth, everywhere. Therefore, this paper intends to advance its practical use by proposing how to get integrated PV system which can be applied to building external curtain wall, and how to apply it. It has materialized the possibility of integrating details which can be applied to curtain wall by making insulating glass PV (the performance of insulation has been improved) through adding the layer of air (12 mm) and rear glass (6 mm) to integrated sandwich glass PV module. The proposed insulating glass PV module was applied to vision and then, the load was measured. The result shows that because of influence by solar radiation to the southern part in summer, it is advantageous for energy saving and it can make an additional effect of peak cut.


The United States is number one in contemporary world politics,economy,technology,education,sports and so on,it's inevitable to " mention Hollywood" in the film art and film industry development.While sport screenwriting in china has been affected by social,educational,cultural,institutional,economic,political and other factors,and the overall situation is not optimistic.Trying to achieve China culture develop,physical power and reputation by studying Hollywood sports Screenwriting and mastering of the rule for film making.


The bacterium Xylella fastidiosa is one of the most serious biosecurity threats to all of Australian agriculture, as it has one of the widest host ranges of any plant pathogen and causes economically-important diseases in many crop and ornamental plant species including grape, citrus, olive, coffee, oleander, peach, plum, almond, lucerne and avocado (for a regularly updated database of host species, see www.efsa.europa.eu/ en/microstrategy/xylella). This bacterium inhabits the xylem of the plant and causes blockages that prevent water and mineral transport. It is speculated that almost any xylem-feeding insect could transmit the bacterium, hence there is a strong likelihood that an endemic insect species could act as a vector, in the event that only the bacterium was introduced into Australia. Known vectors elsewhere in the world include sharpshooter leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae) and spittlebugs (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea).


SYNOPSIS

Perching, roosting and early morning activities in Austrolestes annulosus and A.leda (Sympecmatidae) and Ischnura heterosticta (Coenagrionidae) are described and discussed in relation to the general biology of these insects, especially their capacity for physiological colour change.


A lipid-coated glycoside hydrolase was prepared in which the enzyme surface is covered with a lipid monolayer and two long alkyl tails serve to solubilize the enzyme in organic solvents. In the two-phase aqueous-organic system, the lipid-coated enzyme exists in the organic phase and acts as an efficient catalyst for transglycosylation of various lipophilic dialkyl alcohols with oligosaccharides in the aqueous buffer solution. When a native glycoside hydrolase was employed in the two-phase system, neither the transgalactosylation nor the hydrolysis reaction proceeded due to the denaturation of the enzyme at the interface. Effects of chemical structures of acceptor alcohols on the transglycosylation catalyzed by the lipid-coated enzyme were also studied.


Introduction This document summarises how to use Scenocalc (Solar Collector Energy Output Calculator) to evaluate annual solar collector energy output. The document also describes the equations used to calculate collector power output each time step. The tool is primarily developed to give the end-user a possibility to compare different types of solar collectors under different weather conditions and independently of which of the two EN 12975 collector performance test methods that were used during testing. The program shall therefore not be used as a calculation tool for design of solar energy installations. No system is simulated in the tool. The calculations assume that there is a load all the time for the energy collected and that the collector is operating at a constant average temperature.


The key to the external interference in learning motivation lies in the motives and excitation. Cultivation of learning motivation focuses on shaping the value and the correct encouragement education can improve the learners" self-expectancy. Learning excitation is an art relying on the educators" creative application of the excitation principles.


This paper provides a survey of some of the recent developments in the field of econometric modeling with cointegrated time series. In particular, they authors describe the testing and estimation procedures which have become increasingly popular in the recent applied literature. In addition to the "two-stage" procedure proposed by R. Engle and C. Granger, the authors consider extensions to the modeling of dynamic models with cointegrated variables, such as the estimation of models with multiple cointegration vectors, simultaneous systems, models with seasonally integrated and cointegrated variables. Furthermore, they illustrate the practical application of the techniques describes in the paper by means of a tutorial data set. Copyright 1992 by Blackwell Publishers Ltd


This is the fourth in a series of reports to share key learnings from my 2005 sabbatical, when I took a three-month journey through Scandinavia, Western Europe, Ireland and the United Kingdom to observe innovation in nursing services delivery. The focus of this report is recruitment, retention and quality of work life. All the countries I visited were addressing these issues to deal with the global health human resources shortage we all face.


Based on principal-agent theory,this paper studied risk premium mechanism in student-origin-based loans policy,and proposed a solution: to compensate risk by subsidizing rate of student-origin-based loans,encouraging lending banks to improve their operations,with eventual benefit to society.


The male of Vaejovis sprousei Sissom, 1990 is described, based on a recently collected specimen from Cueva del Escorpion in Nuevo León, México. The hemispermatophore, which bears several distinctive features (a dorsal crest at the distal end of the distal lamina, a single blunt hook at the distal end of the dorsal trough margin, and a series of denticles associated with the sperm duct), is described and illustrated. This and a second record from Cueva del Mono near Dulces Nombres, Nuevo León, represent the first cave records for the species. INTRODUCTION Sissom (1990) redescribed Vaejovis dugesi Pocock, 1902 and described two related species from northeastern Mexico ( V. sprousei ) and the Chisos Mountains in Big Bend National Park, Texas ( V. chisos). All three species, currently assigned to the Vaejovis mexicanus group (Sissom, 1990, 2000), are uncommon in museum collections. Vaejovis dugesi and V. chisos were represented


Abstract The role of the state in Africa in terms of resource allocation is generally linked to class politics and demands. Policy processes are shaped by powerful class factors, usually urban, which lead to a biased allocation of economic goods. Ethnicity and regional factors are not totally ignored but are often treated as epiphenomenal to the overall dynamics that determine who gets what, when and how. This study adopts a different reasoning. It suggests that the state in the Ivory Coast has attempted to manage ethno‐regional demands and conflicts by linking them directly to the policy process. The large‐scale economic projects undertaken by African governments are a reflection of this effort. In the case of the Ivory Coast, the construction of several costly sugar complexes in the northern region of the country is analysed within the context of state and ethnic politics in contemporary Africa.


Phasins (PhaP) are polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) granule-associated proteins that positively affect the PHA synthesis. In the heterologous expression experiment in Escherichia coli, introduction of only phaP caused overproduction of PhaP, and apparent repression of PhaP production was observed in the presence of phaR, which is located in the downstream region of phaP. It indicates that PhaR seems to act as a regulator for the expression of phaP. Gel mobility shift assay using recombinant PhaR protein revealed that PhaR was a DNA binding protein. In vitro expression of phaP was repressed by the addition of the PhaR protein. These results suggest that the PhaR protein negatively regulates phaP expression. We here propose a plausible regulatory mechanism of PhaR that is involved in PHA biosynthesis.


Objectives: In resource-limited settings, mortality in the initial months following antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation remains unacceptably high. Novel tools to identify patients at highest risk of poor outcomes are needed. We evaluated whether elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations predict poor outcomes among people living with HIV (PLWH) initiating ART. Methods: We enrolled and followed for 3-months consecutive PLWH with pre-ART CD4+ T-cell counts 350 cells/&mgr;l or less initiating ART from two HIV clinics in Uganda. Pre-ART CRP concentrations were measured from capillary blood using a point-of-care (POC) assay. After excluding patients with prevalent tuberculosis – the leading cause of HIV death – we measured 3-month mortality rates using Kaplan–Meier curves, used Cox regression to compare differences in survival, and used logistic regression to compare differences in the odds of opportunistic infections, between patients with and without elevated POC CRP (≥8 mg/l). Results: Of 1293 patients included [median CD4+ T-cell count 181 (interquartile range 82–278)], 23 (1.8%) died within 3 months, including 19 of 355 (5.4%) with elevated POC CRP and four of 938 (0.4%) with nonelevated POC CRP. Eighty-six (6.7%) patients were diagnosed with opportunistic infections, including 39 of 355 (11.0%) with elevated POC CRP and 47 of 938 (5.0%) with nonelevated POC CRP. Elevated POC CRP was associated with mortality (adjusted hazard ratio 10.87, 95% confidence interval 3.64–32.47) and opportunistic infection (adjusted odds ratio 1.95, 95% confidence interval 1.23–3.07). Conclusion: Among PLWH with advanced HIV, elevated pre-ART POC CRP concentrations are associated with early mortality and opportunistic infections. Pre-ART POC CRP testing may reduce mortality by identifying patients at high risk for poor outcomes.


Polymers containing 3,3′-dioxo-5,5′-biindol-2,2′-diyl units were synthesized by high temperature polycondensation of 4,4′-diaminobiphenyl-3,3′-dicarboxylic acid (1) with ethylene dichloride and dibromide, 4-chloromethylbenzyl chloride and bromide, 4-chloromethyl-2,5-dimethylbenzyl chloride and bis(4-chloromethylphenyl) ether under different experimental conditions. These resulting polymers 5a–d were characterized by viscometric and IR Spectral studies and by TG in air. Kinetic parameters of their thermal degradation were evaluated.


A novel polyoxyalkyleneamine with specific structure and high reaction activity used in sprayed polyurea elastomer was synthesized. There are two steps in the synthesis. The first is that polyol polyfunctional is obtained through diketene reacting with polyols and acetoacetic esters as intermediate.The second is polyfunctional acetoacetic esters reacting with aliphatic or aromatic monoamines or polyamine to form the corresponding polyfunctional amino crotonates. The conditions for the reaction were selected.


A normal yield of infectious simian virus 40 was produced by a CV-1 cell culture after inoculation of a few cells with an average of one particle per nucleus by microinjection.


Right sided colorectal cancers (RCRCs) have distinct molecular phenotypes and clinical presentations to those on the left. Gut microbial co-metabolic interactions with the RCRC microenvironment are poorly defined and present a novel therapeutic target. Here, we present a multi-omics analysis of RCRCs.
 A prospective observational pilot study was performed at Imperial College London NHS Trust, UK. Treatment naive patients undergoing elective resectional surgery for primary RCRCs were recruited. Fresh intra-luminal fecal samples were obtained at three anatomical sites: 5 cm pre-, tumor, and 5 cm post-tumor. Microsatellite instability (MSI) and CDX2 expression were immunohistochemically evaluated. Metataxonomic analysis was carried out on a MiSeq Platform (Illumina, USA). Metabolomics analysis was performed using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (Acquity UPLC, Xevo G2-S Q-TOF, Waters). After pre-processing, univariate and multivariate statistics were carried out in MetaboAnalyst and RStudio.
 20 patients (8 females, mean age 69.9(53-83)) were included. Of the n=20 RCRCs, n=2 were ileo-cecal valve, n=4 were cecal, n=4 were cecum/proximal ascending colon, n=4 were mid-ascending colon, n=2 were ascending/hepatic flexure, n=2 were hepatic flexure, and n=2 were transverse colon cancers. Tumor classification according to TNM 8 indicated n=4 T1, n=1 T2, n=11 T3, n=4 T4; n=12 as N0, n=6 as N1, and n=2 as N2; n=2 as M0, n=1 as M1c, and n=17 as MX. All n=20 were CDX2 positive and n=16 had normal expression of mismatch repair proteins, n=4 showed MSI. Triglyceride (TG) species were significantly associated with T3-4 rather than T1-2 (p<0.01). Ceramide and diacylglycerol species were significantly associated with T1-2 rather than T3-4 (p<0.01). Multiple TG, an acyl carnitine, and a lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) species were associated with MSI status rather than no MSI status (p<0.01). An integrative analysis pipeline was developed to investigate statistically significant covariance between specific metabolites and taxa (p<0.01). Specifically, Procrustes similarity analysis of the multi-omics dataset revealed a negative correlation at pre- (p=0.606) and tumor level (p=0.738), but significant similarity at post-tumor level (p=0.045). This pattern in post-tumor may indicate cancer specific co-metabolism. At the post-tumor site, the LPA species increased in MSI, showed a negative correlation with members of the Oscillospiraceae family. Ceramide species, significantly increased in early-stage CRC, demonstrate negative correlation with the Lachnospiraceae family. Ongoing work is examining site-matched tissue samples utilizing imaging mass cytometry to define immune interactions.
 Mapping the intra-luminal fecal metabolome and metataxonome in RCRC reveals potential bacterial-host co-metabolic targets that could be leveraged for stratifying immunotherapy treatment.
 Citation Format: Petra Paizs, Duncan Roberts, Nathan Danckert, James Lewis, Maria Sani, Marta Jamroziak, Robert Goldin, Julian Marchesi, Lauren Ford, James Alexander, Zoltan Takats, James Kinross. Gut microbial co-metabolism influences the tumor microenvironment [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 3056.


3D modeling is a hot topic in the field of computer vision. With the appearance of the RGB-D camera, the 3D modeling becomes more convenient. However, during the modeling procedure, it will suffer from the error of pair-wise views registration, especially with the off-shelf sensor. In this paper we attempt to model the object in 3D space by using the Kinect sensor to scan the object on a rotating platform. To ensure the feasibility and modeling accuracy, we remove the non-overlapping points between adjacent frame cloud points during the pair-wise views registration, and propose a triangular UV mapping method to map the texture on the surface of object to the 3D model. Experimental results show that our solution could reconstruct the 3D model with high accuracy.


A misfire prevention water agitator system and method are disclosed. The system may include a boosted engine having a charge air cooler downstream of the compressor and having an air intake passage with a throttle between an intake manifold and the charge air cooler. The system may also include a line coupled in parallel with the air intake passage between the intake manifold and the charge air cooler, the line coupled to the intake manifold downstream of the throttle, the line including an agitator mounted within 45 degrees of vertical.


We study Hamiltonian systems that are affine in a multidimensional control varying in a polyhedron . Quite often, a crucial role in the study of the global behaviour of solutions of such systems is played by special trajectories and the geometry of their neighbourhoods. We prove a theorem on the structure of the output of optimal trajectories to a first-order singular trajectory in a neighbourhood of this trajectory (and of the exit from it) for systems with holonomic control. We also prove that in a neighbourhood of a first-order singular trajectory, a Lagrangian surface is woven in a special way from the trajectories of the system that are singular with respect to the faces of . We suggest a simple way to find explicitly first-order special trajectories with respect to the faces of . As a result, we describe a complete picture of the optimal synthesis obtained by the successive conjugation of first-order singular extremals.


This book is about how we verbally formulate thoughts about pictures, scenes, and visual events. The focus of the analysis lies on spoken descriptions from a communicative and cognitive perspective.


There are some problems in the rapid development of security business in Yunnan. It is the system of property right and administration that hinder its development like the neck of a bottle. Some measures are to be suggested to solve these problems: first, to accelerate the reform of property right system; second, to adopt the running way of market and normal administration; third, to make efforts in developing the business as a standard business.


Aim: Register new species gradually becomes more difficult as sampling of a community progresses, addressing increasingly rarer species. Thus, although biodiversity assessments would ideally require complete samplings, only partial samplings are ordinarily achieved when species abundances distributions are highly heterogeneous within communities, which is often the case. Then, in the frequent context of partial samplings, answering knowingly whether to continue or stop an ongoing inventory require to tentatively assess the "profitability" of the extra sampling effort. That is, trying recorded values of the f x within the ongoing sampling, this estimator is easy-to-implement and, in particular, does not require recording explicitly the species accumulation curve. Conclusion: The practical interest of this estimator is to offer a convenient way to gauge the additional sampling effort required for a given increase in sample completeness, thus providing quantitative elements to determine whether further continuing an ongoing sampling looks appropriate or not, in the context of both limited available time expenditure and possible other competing priorities.


Distributed-object computing is distributed computing where objects, instead of processes, are the components of distribution. The most important part of distributed-object computing is an Object Request Broker (ORB) which handles all the practical things of communication. The most influential standardspecification of ORBs is CORBA (Common Object Request Broker Architecture). In CORBA an Interface Definition Language (IDL-language) is included. In this language one writes interfaces to objects. In that way the user of the object does not have to know the implementation, only the interface. On the market there are several implementations of CORBA and one of these is Orbix. Within the work with Ericsson Broadband System (EBS) an IDL-language and a kind of an ORB have been developed. In this master's thesis presentation a theoretical description of the above will be made. A proposal of how to implement a dialogue, the one that is described in the EBS dialogue concept, between one object in EBS and one in Orbix, will also be presented. The implementation proposal is described by the included files and their assignment, however the necessary code will not be presented.


Acetylcholine release from motor nerve terminals in rat diaphragm was estimated as the frequency of miniature end-plate potentials (m.e.p.p.s). K+ 20 mM induced sustained rapid release of m.e.p.p.s which was slow in onset. With higher K+ concentration m.e.p.p. frequency rose rapidly. Very high release rates induced by 40 and 50 mM K+ were not maintained but declined to a lower sustained level. Augmented m.e.p.p. release could be inhibited by increasing the Ca2+ concentration above normal. Reduction was approximately 80% with 16 mM Ca2+. Reduction of Na+ to 1/3 doubled the m.e.p.p. rate. Increase in Ca2+ raised the rate further in 5 mM K+ but reduced it in 20 mM K+. The mechanism of low sodium augmentation of release is obscure but may involve inverse interaction with calcium at an early step in ACh release. Elevation of Ba2+ to 16 mM gave a transient decline in m.e.p.p. frequency augmented to high level with 20 mM K+, presumably by displacing residual bound calcium. It did not reduce the frequency when Ba2+ had replaced Ca2+ in the bathing solution for longer periods. The effects of calcium are discussed and the similarities between excitation-transmitter release and excitation-contraction coupling are pointed out.