Bengt Holmberg is widely known and respected as one of the pioneers of the sociological study of the New Testament. His dissertation, Paul and Power, published by CWK Gleerup in 1978 and by Fortress Press in 1980, was among the first studies
to use sociological theory to explore and more deeply understand the Pauline letters, and it set the agenda for much future research. Partly on the basis of his conviction that the ultimate reality, in the end, escapes scholarly analytical categories,
Holmberg always sensed both the advantages and the dangers of sociological approaches to the study of religious phenomena. This perception was discussed with much insight and expanded in his second monograph, Sociology
and the New Testament, published by Fortress Press in 1990. In recent years, he has continued to publish prolifically on this topic, and his recent efforts have focused on what culminated in an 2008 article published in Exploring Christian Identity.
This volume, a celebration of the life and work of Prof. Holmberg, derives its focal point from his core interests and celebrates his long commitment to Lund University, where he spent much of his academic life. The essays presented here come from former students, an international assemblage of colleagues and admirers, and pay tribute to a his efforts to integrate sociological research and approaches with New Testament studies and the development of early Christianity.


Masonry infills are largely used in RC structures for various purposes, and in seismic zones, they are also preferred for providing earthquake resistant systems. However, due to the rigid connection between infills and RC frames, these systems are vulnerable when large deformations are demanded. Cyclic loads that are occurring during seismic excitations cause stress concentration level to increase, particularly in frame-infill contact zones. As a result of stress increment, infill panels get weaker in terms of both in-plane and out-of-plane resistance. These drawbacks cause loss of lives and properties, thus affecting governments and societies adversely. In order to overcome this obstacle, an innovative solution is proposed which uses flexible polymers (Polyurethane PM) as joint elements for protecting the structural elements. The research is focused on numerical analyses of three types of frames with masonry infills, which are excited through both in-plane and out-of-plane directions by different earthquake records. Infill walls are connected to the frames in three manners: stiffly (classical approach), with flexible joints at 3-boundaries and with flexible joints at 4-boundaries. Differences in calculated stress distribution as well as some other linear and non-linear results are presented and discussed. The primary results give promising outcomes that this new method might be used in seismic zones for protecting structures.


The use of alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) testing for the surveillance, diagnosis, and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains controversial. Here, we compared AFP testing rates, elevated AFP rates, factors associated with elevated AFP levels, and prognostic factors associated with overall survival (OS) in HCC patients from different ethnic groups.


Species distribution models (SDMs) are empirical models relating species occurrence to environmental variables based on statistical or other response surfaces. SDMs can be used as a tool to solve some theoretical and applied ecological and environmental problems. The success of their applications depends on the accuracy of the models. In this study we propose an approach to thoroughly assess the accuracy of species distribution models. This includes three aspects: First is to use several accuracy indices that not only measure model discrimination capability, but also those that measure model reliability. The former is the power of the model that differentiates presences from absences; and the latter refers to the capability of the predicted probabilities to reflect the true probabilities that species occurs in individual locations. Previous studies have shown that some accuracy measures are sensitive to the prevalence of the test dataset, and that others are not. While all the reliability measures display this sensitivity to prevalence, only do some discriminatory measures fall into the latter group. Many researchers recommend the use of prevalence- insensitive measures in model accuracy assessment. However, using this approach the calibration power of the models cannot be assessed. We argue that calibration measures should also be provided in model accuracy assessments. The second aspect is to provide confidence intervals associated with the estimates of accuracy indices. Analytical methods, both parametric and nonparametric, have been introduced for constructing the confidence intervals for many accuracy indices. Computer-intensive methods (e.g. bootstrap and jackknife) can also be used to construct confidence intervals that are more attractive than the traditional analytical methods as (1) they have less statistical assumptions; and (2) they are virtually applicable to any accuracy measures. The third aspect is to provide an assessment of accuracy across a range of test data prevalence, since some accuracy indices are dependant on this quality of the test data. Test data with differing levels of prevalence will provide a range of results for the same accuracy index. Assessing the accuracy at only one level of prevalence will not provide a complete picture of the accuracy of the models. The range of test data prevalence can be set up by researchers according to their knowledge about the target species, or could be taken from the confidence interval of the population prevalence estimated from the sample data if the data can be considered as a random sample of the population. In this paper, we use an Australian native plant species, Forest Wire-grass (Tetrarrhena juncea), as an example to demonstrate our approach to more thoroughly assessing the accuracy of species distribution models. The accuracy of two models, one from a machine learning method (Random Forest, RF) and another from a statistical method (generalized additive model, GAM), were assessed using nine accuracy indices along a range of test data prevalence (i.e. the 95% confidence interval of the population prevalence estimated from the sample data using bootstrap percentile method), and a bootstrap method was used to construct the confidence intervals for the accuracy indices. With this approach, the species distribution models were thoroughly assessed.


Puntoni et al. (2021; hereinafter Puntoni et al.) have written a useful, interesting, and comprehensive summation of many of the promises and potential pitfalls of artificial intelligence (AI) for consumers. In this short commentary, we extend their contributions by focusing on the hidden challenges, and thus the dilemma, that marketers face when they utilize AI. It seemed to us that Puntoni et al. suggest in several places that companies and organizations have a degree of control over AI or its algorithms which might be unrealistic. For example, the authors write that companies could "strive to develop AI that is less, rather than more, humanlike" (p. 175) and that managers should "design both debiased and antibias AI experiences" (p. 170). We found a similar perspective in De Bruyn et al. (2020). For example, their idea that "marketing managers" need to "specify valid objective functions" (pp. 91–92) may overstate the amount of control that most marketers have over AI. It is fair to say that a firm can customize an AI offering or its outputs without altering its core algorithms, in the same way that the passenger on an Uber ride can adjust their seat, listen to their own music, and open the window. However, most marketers in the world today are consumers, not creators, of AI technology. Creating and maintaining algorithms and AI is a complicated, expensive process that requires skilled personnel and continual monitoring and adjustment. Although AI is extremely useful to marketers, most do not produce or control it. Although it offers a sense of the degrees of freedom marketers may have to address consumer-facing challenges, Puntoni et al.'s experience design conception and advice may unhelpfully blur the line between what most marketers are and are not able to control about AI. Their article also obscures the power shifts and practical alterations accompanying the implementation of AI in organizations today. In the larger trend, which we might term "the technologizing of marketing," marketers have largely become the users of technology rather than its masters, increasingly dependent on technology and its keepers—both those inside and outside their organizations—to do their job. This status is not new. Since computerized sales reports, customer relationship management (CRM), e-commerce, and web pages became important parts of the marketer's toolkit, influence over the implementation of marketing has been shifting to organizational information technology departments and the types who populate them. Platforms and AI further accelerate this technologizing shift of influence and power over the customer interface. Just as with prior changes, marketers may set the goals, but they are increasingly subordinate to technologists for development, implementation, and interpretation. Even the goals of marketing may ultimately be informed by AI. We build on Puntoni et al. by describing three important challenges that marketers face when they apply AI. After naming and explaining each of these challenges, we offer some recommendations on how marketers can face the important dilemma these challenges present.


This paper is a continuation of our previous paper entitled "On 2-primal Γ-semirings". In this paper we have introduced the notion of 2-primal ideal in Γ-semiring and studied it.


An improved clustering algorithm was presented based on density-isoline clustering algorithm. The new algorithm can do a better job than density-isoline clustering when dealing with noise, not having to literately calculate the cluster centers for the samples batching into clusters instead of one by one. After repeated experiments, the results demonstrate that the improved density-isoline clustering algorithm is significantly more efficiency in clustering with noises and overcomes the drawbacks that traditional algorithm DILC deals with noise and that the efficiency of running time is improved greatly.


This communication deals with apodization and coronagraphy. For apodization alone, we present analytical studies of point spread functions obtained with a rectangular or a circular telescope apodized by cross-linear or circular prolate spheroidal functions, respectively. Results are compared with sonine apodizations investigated by Nisenson and Papaliolios (2001) for the Apodized Square Aperture project. For coronagraphy, prolate functions are the optimal apodizers for rectangular and circular apertures. With the Roddier & Roddier phase mask technique, these apodizations can produce a total extinction of the star light. For Lyot coronagraphy, the extinction, not complete, is surprisingly good for a reasonable mask size. A comparison between coronagraphy and apodization alone for different telescope aperture shape is in favor to the use of a coronagraph with a circular aperture.


Regression testing is an expensive testing process performed on modified software to provide confidence that the software behaves correctly, and that modifications have not impaired its quality. Regression testing is widely used in industry; however, it is often performed inadequately. As a result, software quality and reliability can decrease over the software's lifetime.
To address this problem, researchers have spent a great deal of effort creating and studying various methodologies for improving the cost-effectiveness of regression testing. To compare and assess such methodologies, researchers relied initially on analytical approaches. More recently, however, focus has shifted to empirical studies. Empirical studies of regression testing techniques have greatly expanded our understanding of techniques and the factors that affect them, but to date, these studies have also suffered from several limitations which limit the extent to which their results may generalize to practice. (1) Most studies have considered only a few context factors (characteristics of the environment or engineering processes that may affect technique performance). (2) Prior studies have calculated costs and benefits using a "snapshot" view in which results are considered strictly per system version; this approach, however, ignores the fact that methodologies may exhibit different cost-benefit tradeoffs when assessed across entire system lifetimes than when assessed relative to individual versions. (3) Previous studies have largely ignored cost-benefit tradeoffs, relying on comparisons strictly in terms of simple benefit and cost factors, using cost-benefit models that are naive in their handling of important revenue and cost components, or using metrics that render comparisons across specific types of techniques impossible.
Limitations such as these make it difficult or impossible to accurately compare and assess regression testing methodologies relative to practical software engineering contexts. Moreover, they can lead researchers and practitioners to inaccurate conclusions about the relative cost-effectiveness of techniques in practice, or the suitability of particular techniques to particular engineering processes.
This dissertation addresses these limitations. First, we surveyed the state of the art of empirical studies of regression testing techniques and identified problems with evaluation methods and processes, and problems related to infrastructure required for empirical studies. Second, we developed infrastructure to support empirical studies of regression testing considering a wide variety of software artifacts. Third, using the infrastructure developed in the second step, we conducted several initial empirical studies on regression testing techniques. Fourth, we developed a cost-benefit model to assess the cost-effectiveness of regression testing techniques considering system lifetime and context factors. Finally we conducted an empirical study, assessing regression testing techniques using these cost-benefit models.
Through our work, we provide several important advantages for practitioners and researchers. For practitioners, we provide new practical understanding of regression test techniques. For researchers, we provide a new cost-benefit model that can be used to compare and empirically evaluate regression testing techniques, and that accounts for testing context and system lifetime factors. We identify problems involving infrastructure, and provide infrastructure that can help researchers conduct various controlled experiments considering a wide variety of software artifacts. Finally, we provide better understanding of empirical methodologies that can be used by other researchers to make further progress in this area.


Attracting the "right kind of people" into teaching in sufficient numbers is clearly crucial to the issue of teacher quality. This is never easy, however, particularly so when educational systems are being expanded in a tight labour market.


Loratadine is a second‐generation histamine H1‐receptor antagonist used in the treatment of allergic diseases. The aim of the study was to assess whether lethal toxicity and motor incoordination (neurotoxicity) of loratadine is circadian rhythm‐dependent. A total of 210 male Swiss mice, aged 10 wk, were synchronized for 3 wk to 12 h light (rest span)/12 h dark (activity span). The drug was administered per os. The choice of the sublethal (TD50=82 mg/kg body weight) and the lethal (LD50=4 g/kg body weight) dosage was based on preliminary studies. Each of these two doses was administered to comparable groups of animals at six different circadian time points (1, 5, 9, 13, 17, and 21 Hours After Light Onset [HALO]). The survival duration was dosing time‐dependent (χ2=16.96; p<0.001). Drug dosing at 17 HALO resulted in best (67%) survival rate; whereas, dosing at 9 HALO resulted in poorest (21%) survival rate. Cosinor analyses (with a trial period τ=24 h) validated a statistically significant circadian rhythm in survival rate (p<0.04) with an acrophase (peak time Ø of best tolerance to loratadine) being at 17.5 HALO±4.65 h. Troughs of motor incoordination were located at the administration times of 5 and 17 HALO (60% and 32% of animals affected, respectively), whereas peaks were located at 9 and 21 HALO (87% and 68% of animals affected, respectively). The 24 h mean of the motor incoordination was 61%, the mean proportion of animals affected by the treatment for the six different circadian times studies. The extent of this neurotoxic effect varied as a function of loratadine dosing time (p<0.001). A statistically significant ultradian component rhythm (p<0.01) with a trial period τ=12 h was also validated. The obtained results show that the dosing time of loratadine at the mid‐activity (dark) span seems to be optimal, since it corresponds to the longest (21 vs. 12 days) survival span and to least neurotoxicity.


This paper is concerned with an examination of possible causes of the discrepancies which are sometimes found between pitot-tube measurements and nozzle measurements of the volume of air flowing in a fan-discharge duct. Among the conclusions reached are the following: (1) Air pulsations may cause a small error; (2) Incorrect location of the outermost pitot-tube station results in an error of at least 0.6 per cent; (3) pitot-tube errors and non-axial flow are the principal sources of error.
 This paper also gives the characteristics of various pitot tubes, shows that non-axial flow exists in the discharge from single-inlet-centrifugal and propeller-type fans and indicates that this discrepancy can be eliminated by the use of egg-crate straighteners which it recommends for adoption in standard test practise. It is indicated, too, that the present standard length of test discharge duct can be halved without loss of accuracy and the friction coefficient omitted.
 It is recommended by the author, as a result of the study covered by this paper, that for test purposes the term "velocity head" should be redefined and that a more precise specification for the pitot tube should be adopted.


The ontogeny of the Weberian apparatus was studied from hatching to 21 days in larval and juvenile Corydoras paleatus and compared with the developing apparatus of ictalurids. By counting myoseptae, we determined that the complex vertebra of C. paleatus consists of only three fused vertebrae, which we infer are V3-5. Absent are VI and V2 and all their derivatives (claustrum, scaphium, intercalarium, centra) and two occipital myoseptae that are present in ictalurids. Also lacking are the cartilage elements of V3 and V4 that are characteristic of the typical siluriform Weberian apparatus including basidorsals, basiventrals, and supraneural 3. In contrast to previous studies, we found no evidence of neural arches 3 and 4, the rib + parapophysis of V4, or the os suspensorium. The sole Weberian ossicle (improperly called the compound tripus-scaphium) forms from an ossification of the paravertebral sac and the dorsal myoseptum of V3 and is referred to here as a myoseptal tripus. Basidorsals and basiventrals of V5 are present, and neural arch 5 contacts the occipital cartilage by three days posthatch. The bony encapsulations of the bipartite swimbladder are initiated as ossifications of the myoseptae of V5 posteriorly and peritoneal connective tissue ventrally and anteriorly.


The excitation of Rayleigh-type Surface Acoustic Waves (SAW) excited by nanosecond laser pulses at the wavelength of 355 nm is investigated. The dependence of SAW pulse amplitude on laser fluence is measured. The special features connected with surface melting and transition from thermoelastic to ablative excitation mechanism are studied. The ablation threshold is determined experimentally by changes in the SAW signal for successive laser shots on the same spot. It is shown that for the efficient repetitive excitation of broadband SAW pulses on the same spot laser intensities somewhat below the ablation threshold are the most appropriate


A sorbent for use in removing sulfur contaminants from hydrocarbon feedstocks is provided, wherein the sorbent con tains Zinc aluminate in an amount of at least 40 wt % (calcu lated as ZnAlO4); free alumina in an amount of from about 5 wt % to about 25 wt % (calculated as Al-O.); and iron oxide in an amount of from about 10 wt % to about 30 wt % (calculated as FeOs); wherein each of the free alumina and iron oxide are present in non-crystalline form as determined by X-ray diffraction analysis, and a method for producing the sorbent and method for using the sorbent to reduce sulfur contaminants in hydrocarbon feedstocks.


By utilizing anisotropic conductivity of bridged‐grain (BG) lines, a polycrystalline silicon (poly‐Si) thin‐film transistor (TFT) without source/drain (S/D) doping is designed, simulated, and fabricated. In the new design, the current is made to flow along the BG lines in the S/D region and flow perpendicularly to the BG lines in the channel. By taking advantage of the anisotropic conductivity of the BG lines, the S/D doping process is eliminated and the fabrication process cost is reduced. Meanwhile, the advantages of adopting BG lines are maintained. The as‐fabricated TFTs without S/D doping exhibit excellent device characteristics, compared with normal TFTs. The reliability of TFTs without S/D doping is also evaluated under hot carrier stress and negative/positive bias stress. Additionally, the proposed new TFT structure allows a wider range of dopant activation conditions.


INTRODUCTION. Type 2 diabetes may be present for several years before diagnosis, by which time many patients have already developed diabetic complica-


An algorithm for finding minimum-weight words in large linear codes is developed. It is pointed out that the original McEliece (1978) cryptosystem is not secure. We also determine the minimum distance of some BCH codes of length 511.


Data compression is the process of converting an input data stream (the source or the original raw data) into another data stream (the output, the bitstream, compressed stream) that has a smaller size. One of the main function of data compression is to reduce the file size by replacing characters that generally has 8 bits with shorter code. In the data compression, there is a lot of algorithms that can be used to process the input into desired output, thus it is very important to observe the compression ratio, space saving and compression speed of each of these algorithms. The purpose of this research is to analyze and compare the compression ratio, space saving and compressin speed of Elias Gamma Code, Elias Delta Code and Levenstein Code. The data used are 5 documents with a number of different characters. Elias Gamma Code for positive integers n is simple to encode dan decode and is also universal. Elias Delta Code is also for positive integers n but more complex from Elias Gamma Code. While Levenstein Code is used in applications where the largest encoded valus is not known ahead of time, or to compress data in which small values are much more frequent than large values. The result of the average compression ratio showed that Elias Gamma Code got 63.36%, Elias Delta Code got 68.83% and Levenstein Code got 72.12%. The result of the average space saving showed that Elias Gamma Code got 36.64%, Elias Delta Code got 31.17% and Levenstein Code got 27.88%. While for the compression speed showed that Elias Gamma Code is the fastest followed by Elias Delta Code then Levenstein Code.


The study explored biological synthesis of metallic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from the less explored non-pathogenic coprophilous fungus, sterile mycelium, PM0651419 and evaluates the antimicrobial efficacy of biosynthesised AgNPs when impregnated in wound fabrics and in combination with six antimicrobial agents. AgNPs alone proved to be potent antibacterial agents and in combination they enhanced the antibacterial activity and spectrum of antibacterials used in the study against a microbiologically diverse battery of Gram positive, Gram negative and multidrug-resistant bacteria. AgNPs impregnated on the wound dressings established their antibacterial activity by significantly reducing the bacterial load of pathogenic bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis establishing potential as effective antimicrobial wound dressings for treatment of polymicrobial wound infections. This study presents the first report on the potential of biosynthesis of AgNPs from the under explored class of coprophilous fungi. Their promise to be used in wound dressings and as potent antibacterials alone and in combination is evaluated


Guidance vision is applied as an advanced motion control method, which provides flexibility when integrating robots in intelligent manufacturing cells with unstructured environment. The paper develops a methodology for on-line implementing vision-based robot control strategies that use robot-object models a priori learned, and are on-line checked for collision-free grasping based on the models of the gripper's fingerprints. Experiments have been carried out on a development platform using a Cobra s850 SCARA robot with compact Adept controller and vision extension.


Communicating with computers using a natural language rather than a programming language has been desired and sought after since the creation of digital computers. As computers proliferate in our society, the need for natural language interfacing systems seems inevitable.
During the past decade several attempts have been made to construct natural language interface systems which use some sort of syntactic or semantic network to access relational databases. The most successful systems up to date include: CO-OP, TEAM, LDC, IRUS, FRED, KID, and INTELLECT. INTELLECT is one of the successful systems currently in use by the industry due to its domain-specific design. However, none of these systems employ syntactic, semantic, and transformational networks in its design structure. Our goal is to combine syntactic, semantic and transformational networks to design a natural language interface system which is capable of learning.
The system possesses three characteristics; adviser, listener, and executor. Therefore, it can distinguish between queries, declarative statements, and commands. The user can invoke any of its characteristics by simply using the appropriate sentence type. The system also has the capability of building new relational databases or deleting a part or all of an existing one. This process is dynamic, and thus the updated databases are available instantly to be used in conjunction with the existing databases to respond to the user's input.
The most significant property of the system, perhaps, is that it can learn new grammatical structures. It possesses a transformational mechanism which searches the network for the best possible match, once an unknown grammatical structure is encountered. If the search is successful and a match has been found, the unknown structure will be added to the grammar network. Hence, the system modifies itself by enlarging the existing network and thus learns a new grammatical structure. The unknown structure may or may not be grammatically correct from a linguist's perspective, but may be correct from the user's perspective. In other words, the user can train the system to adapt and respond to his style of communication. The system will be referred to as ROSHAN which mean intelligent in Persian. Common LISP, running on a VAX 8530 machine, is used as the primary language for the implementation.


Background : The evidence shows that activism in adolescents is positively correlated with mental health and well- being, but there is a lack of in-depth research about this correlation. There are just a few studies, however, that refer to adolescent activism as a specific shape of social engagement, positively correlated to a multitude of well-being outcomes. Methods : The present study aim to analyze correlation between activism and well-being during the adolescence by reviewing studies from the past 10 years to better analyze the impact of these topics on nowadays situation and to hypothesize the direction of it in the near future. Results : Analyzing these studies, it emerged that activism during adolescence has been researched as a phenomenon that acts on various shades of well-being, both at a personal and a collective level. Among the selected studies, only one shows that activism is linked to more health-risk behaviors, rather than mental health. Conclusions : Creating a group environment that enables adolescents to build up their knowledge and personal craving, work jointly on issues of bilateral interest, build skills, and increase social connections not only may lead to tangible social change but could also have significant psychological benefits for the young people involved.


CHATA, a thermal-hydraulics code for core design and analysis, was created over a period of years by many individuals. The code contains ten optional command routines that solve various problems encountered in reactor core design; it uses a library of subroutines common to other codes to evaluate fluid conditions and pressure drop-flow relationships for both single- and two-phase flow. CHATA, written in Fortran IV language for a CDC-7600 digital computer, performs without the use of external files.


An emerging cell concept based on silicon heterojunctions called hetero-homojunction is investigated by means of numerical simulations. Compared to the usual amorphous/crystalline silicon (a-Si:H/c-Si) heterojunction architecture, the hetero-homojunction cell contains an additional thin and highly doped (p+)- or (n+)- c-Si layer at the front or back (i)a-Si:H/(n)c-Si interface, respectively. In this paper, we show the dependence of solar cell performance on the additional heavily doped c-Si layer parameters (thickness and doping) and a-Si:H/c-Si interface properties. Insertion of the (p+)c-Si improves the cell power conversion efficiency by almost 1% absolute and lowers its sensitivity to a-Si:H/c-Si interface defects. Improved field effect passivation leading to higher open circuit voltage and fill factor is evidenced and the added layer is optimized with regard to hetero-homojunction cell efficiency. The (n+)c-Si layer addition also decreases the recombination rate at the back hetero-interface but does ...


Defining stories can be troublesome. Stories are concealed, revealed, shared and withheld. They are noticed, ignored, welcomed, recognised, discredited, neglected and disregarded. A basic definition would suggest that stories are accounts of happenings but they are rarely as simple as they might at first seem. Stories are dynamic: they are formed and reformed through life experiences, through the contexts in which they are told and through the responses which they elicit. They unfold, are individual, occur in the moment of communication, and are subjective. Stories are idiosyncratic: they do not occur in isolation; they gain their meaning and context because they nest within and are embedded in other stories. Stories create bonds between people. We navigate our lives through telling stories, through sharing them and learning from the stories that we hear. Stories are also an essential, albeit often invisible, element of the therapeutic landscape. However, within practice settings, nurses and other healthcare professionals can sometimes ignore, dismiss or trivialise the stories told by patients and their families.


This paper introduced the structure,function and basic principle of Benz W220 air suspension,expatiated that the electrical control module received and dealed with the sensor signal.The execution is controlled by ADS module to realize the control of air and hydraulic and changing of rigidity and damping,and then these can satisfy the requirements of runing to comfortableness,handing and passing ability in different road conditions.


Polyester fibers & blends of polyester/cotton fibers are commonly used in the textile industry. Properties of polyester depends on the production method. Beside the advantages of polyester, there are certain disadvantages that affect the dyeability & dyeing process. By the application of chemical process, such as surface hydrolysis, using of solvents, surfactants & enzymes or physical process like using Plasma, Gamma & UV irradiation some improvement can be made. The UV irradiated fabric (Wavenumber of UV Irradiation is 230-280 nm) was dyed with Disperse & Cationic Dyes, which showed high improvement in dyeability of the fabric with cationic dyes, whereas no pronounced effect was noticed with disperse dyes.


The results of spectroscopy of the 3.3 micron feature, H2 emission, P-alpha, and Br-alpha, obtained along a line perpendicular to the Orion ionization front, are presented. The intensity of the 3.3 micron feature reaches a maximum between the ionization front and the H2 peak. The 3.33 micron spatial distribution appears to be due to destruction of the emitting material within the H II region and extinction of the exciting radiation between the edge of the H II region and the H2 peak, resulting in a maximum between the ionization front and the H2 peak. The H2 peak is consistent with either being due to a shock front or being due to UV-pumped fluorescence from dense clumps of H2. The width of the 3.3 micron feature observed at high spectral resolution is constant in regions of varying UV flux. It is suggested that the strength of the UV field is not the cause of the variations in the 3.3 micron feature width observed in other sources, but rather that these variations are caused by a compositional change related to the age of the emitting material. 29 refs.


This study selects 595 children from several city of Nanchong in Sichuan province. Using the self-developmental questionnaire to measure Child's Sense of Responsibility. Results showed that children have a high level of sense of responsibility in the western region, and the development of child's responsibility increase with age; In addition to self-responsibility, 3-4 is the critical period of development, for other aspects of responsibility, 4-5 is the critical period for the development; there is gender differences in the development of child's responsibility, and the female children's responsibility level is higher than male children; the development of child's responsible is related to nature of kindergarten, lever of parents' education, mainly educated man, regardless of the number of brothers and sisters, home-type and parents' age.


Even though medical science has advanced greatly with new discoveries and inventions, there is still no substitute found for human blood and blood donation is the only option available. 1 Every three seconds someone is in need of blood. A single blood donation can save upto three lives. Any healthy person aged 18-65 years, weighing atleast 50 kgs can donate blood every 3 months. 2 Donating blood not only helps the recipient, but also improves the health of the donor. It balances the iron levels in the body, regulates blood flow by correcting the hypercoagulability, burns the extra calories and reduces the cholesterol level. 2,3 Since the donor gets a miniphysical done simultaneously, infections and diseases are diagnosed early. It is also found that regular blood donors are 88% less likely to suffer from a heart attack, have a longer life and have lower risk of developing heart ABSTRACT


The article is described the characteristics of realization in the educational process of rating scoring and
accounting system of students? success at Moscow Institute of Economic, Management and Law. The author
analyses some common approaches and principles of building the system, the rating structure, the features of
management in the educational student activity. He also attracts special attention to the problems of automation
in educational results? accounting in information unuversity system.


TDR (time domain reflectometer) equipments offer a group of advantages that have promoted its use in the field of hydro-ecology. Several approaches have been...


This study was designed to evaluate a DMSO (Dimethyl Sulfoxide) and sucrose combination as a cryoprotectant for cryopreservation of Najawa carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) sperm. The experiment was conducted according to the Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatments 10% DMSO + 0.2 M sucrose, 10% DMSO + 0.1 M sucrose, 5% DMSO + 0.2 M sucrose, 5% DMSO + 0.1 M sucrose. Each treatment consisted of three replications. The parameter observed were sperm progressive motility of fresh sperm, diluted sperm before freezing, and diluted sperm after freezing 1 day; 7 days; 14 days; 21 days; 28 days. The data were analyzed by ANOVA. The result showed that there was no significant difference between treatments (Sig. > 0.05). The highest relative protection was 89.51% carried out by 5% DMSO + 0.1 M sucrose.


The tight competition between schools in the era of globalization today, requires that the school Ivory Serpong Sower SDK to do the marketing strategy as attractive as possible, in order to enhance the new prospective learner interests as well as improve the quality of and professionalism in the management of the school. It is a promotional effort is used to market products or services to the public, so that they are more familiar with or know the product or service being marketed. Current media information and promotions that use the SDK Sower Ivory Serpong still be printed in the form of banners, brochures and more, so there are still many who have not yet learned about SDK Sower Gading Serpong. The purpose of this research is to inform and promote school SDK Sower Ivory Serpong. Based on a needs analysis is required of media promotion in the form of a video profile, to support information and promotion more attractive and effective by using the software Adobe Premier and Adobe Photoshop. Research methods used namely collecting data through observation, interviews and literature studies, Media Production and concept i.e. preproduction, production and postproduction. Through the design of Video media Profile of this SDK Sower Ivory Serpong can better known to many people and attracting parents to enroll his son in schools � SDK Sower Ivory Serpong


This study aimed to investigate the hydrodynamic of fluidized-bed column, the adsorption capacity for nitrate removal using zeolite modified with magnesium, the effect of flow rate and bed-height on nitrate removal efficiency, and the breakthrough point. In this study observed the effect of different flow rate 30 l/h, 60 l/h and 90 l/h and the effect of different bed-height 5 cm, 10 cm, 15 cm. In a hydrodynamic study showed that the superficial velocity conditions in fluidized-bed operation were between the minimum velocity 0,019 m/s and the terminal velocity 0,121 m/s and the increase of the flow rate showed an increase on bed expansion ratio in fluidized-bed operation In hydrodynamic.


The optical vortex coronagraph is a promising scheme for achieving high contrast low loss imaging of exoplanets as close as 2λ/D from the parent star. We describe results using a high precision vortex lens that was fabricated using electron-beam lithography. We also report demonstrations of the coronagraph on a telescope employing a tip-tilt corrector.


The requirements for purification of the sewage will be more stringent in Sweden. For the three plants in Stockholm - Henriksdal, Bromma and Loudden the proposed limit concentrations for BOD7, total phosphorus and total nitrogen are 10, 0.3 and 15 respectively. A limit value of 0.3 mg/l of phosphorus in the effluent will require a filtration stage.

In this paper results are presented from filter tests at Bromma sewage treatment plant. The tests were carried out during almost two years and included operation of different types of sand dual-media downflow filters and an upflow filter. The filters were tested with respect to sludge accumulation capacity, suspended solids removal and phosphorus removal at different operation conditions including chemical precipitation in the filters.


We have analyzed ten years of the Fermi Large Area Telescope data toward the SS433/W50 region. With the latest source catalog and diffuse background models, the γ-ray excess from SS433/W50 is detected with a significance of ~6σ in the photon energy range of 500 MeV–10 GeV. Our analysis indicates that an extended flat disk morphology is preferred over a point-source description, suggesting that the GeV emission region is much larger than that of the TeV emission detected by the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) telescope. The size of the GeV emission is instead consistent with the extent of the radio nebula W50, a supernova remnant being distorted by the jets, so we suggest that the GeV emission may originate from this supernova remnant. The spectral result of the GeV emission is also consistent with a supernova remnant origin. Furthermore, we derive the GeV flux upper limits on the TeV emission region, which put moderate constraints on the leptonic models to explain the multiwavelength data.


With the development of social rule of law and high education,college students strengthen their consciousness of subject and rights safeguard.Therefore,rights safeguard in campus become popular.However,in the process of guarding their rights,students have some misunderstandings which weaken its efficiency.Incorrect action of rights safeguard not only makes colleges be in disorder,but also affects the building of harmonious campus,especially the steady development and fame of college.We should guide students to set up right awareness of college rights safeguard,establish complete college rights safeguard system,help students defend their rights correctly and realize the harmonious development of college and students' growing.


The most recent developments involving the whole maritime sector, namely environmental issues and the advances in digitalization, are going to fully change the shape of the industry. Not to undertake the necessary changes and solutions could expel some players from the market, but the market, but they are, as well, an incentive towards the recovery.
The article is trying to inform about the challenges and movements of the main players.


The micro-arc oxidation technology on aluminum alloy surface has advantages of simple process,wide application range,energy conservation and environmental protection.The oxidation ceramic coatings on aluminum alloy surface have double excellence of anodic oxide film and ceramic spraying coatings,which can overcome the low hardness,poor wear resistance of aluminum alloy.It has extensive application prospect in many fields such as military industry,machinery,electronics,aviation and space.The developing process of the micro-arc oxidation technology on aluminum alloy surface is introduced,the latest development in research about properties,growth mechanism of the oxidation ceramic coatings and technique process are analyzed,the problems to be resolved for micro-arc oxidation technology on aluminum alloy surface are pointed out,and the development trend of the technology is proposed.


This research work investigated a problem of application of transistors level fault model and its adequacy to faults at logical level of circuit. There were elaborated the faults at logical and at functional level using the software package CADENCE. The faults at transistors level were simulated by software package PSPICE. There were done the comparative results of fault simulation and fault coverage at transistors level and at logical level of CMOS circuit. Ill. 3, bibl. 4 (in English; summaries in English, Russian and Lithuanian,).


The utility model discloses a drive belt tensioning device which comprises a tensioning wheel. The tensioning wheel is movably connected with a tensioning wheel shaft through an upper bearing and a lower bearing, the lower end of the tensioning wheel shaft is connected with a tensioning wheel seat plate, the tensioning wheel shaft is fixedly connected with the tensioning wheel seat plate through a locating pin, and the upper end of the tensioning wheel shaft is fixedly provided with an elastic damping ring for shafts. By utilizing the locating pin to fix the tensioning wheel shaft on the tensioning wheel seat plate, deformation of the tensioning wheel shaft does not occur, and perpendicular degree between the tensioning wheel and the tensioning wheel seat plate can be easily guaranteed. By utilizing the bearings to achieve the connection between the tensioning wheel and the tensioning wheel shaft, rolling friction is generated between the tensioning wheel and the tensioning wheel shaft, so noise is extremely low when the tensioning wheel rotates, and rotation of the tensioning wheel is stable, safe and reliable.


Objectives: The American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism (ACR/EULAR) remission criteria for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are more stringent than index-based criteria, making it more difficult to achieve a patient's global assessment (PGA) than an evaluator's global assessment (EGA). We investigated the reason for the discrepancy between the PGA and the EGA in a Japanese clinical cohort. Method: We assessed clinical and laboratory variables in our clinical cohort. The frequency of remission achievement according to the ACR/EULAR remission criteria and predictors of the discrepancy between the PGA and EGA were analysed. Results: Of 370 patients with RA, 89 fulfilled PGA criteria and 167 patients fulfilled EGA criteria. The PGA was highly correlated with the visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score and non-inflammatory variables including Steinbrocker class and the Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (HAQ-DI). Conversely, inflammatory variables, including swollen joint count (SJC), tender joint count (TJC), and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, were significantly associated with the EGA. The main predictors of the discrepancy between the PGA and the EGA were patient's VAS pain score, SJC, and functional disability. Conclusions: Increased pain and functional disability led to a discrepancy towards a worse PGA than EGA, whereas increased SJC led to an accordance towards a worse EGA.


To develop a rapid,undamaged method for the discrimination of the kinds of waterborne wall painting emulsion,the NIR(near-infrared spectroscopy) transmission spectra of 218 samples covering three kinds of emulsion,mahalanobis distance threshold calibration set of pure acrylic emulsion,styrene-acrylate emulsion and vinyl acetate/acrylic emulsion were 3. 7,4. 4 and 4. 3,respectively. The discrimination models were established using clustering analysis methods with a 100% prediction accuracy(218 samples for qualitative analysis models and 18 samples for validating the models. The results suggested that near infrared transmission spectroscopy combined with clustering analysis was both accurate and stable for emulsion discrimination for the instead of traditional identification methods.


Background: To explore the correlation between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings and clinical prognosis in children with purulent meningitis.
Methods : Forty-nine cases of children with purulent meningitiswere collected from January 2016 to December 2018 in Beijing Children's Hospital. According to the Glasgow Outcome Scale(GOS), there were 35 patients with good prognosis and 14 patients with poor prognosis. All patients were scanned by MRI. We used Chi-square test and Logistic regression to analyse the correlation between MRI features and clinical prognosis in children with purulent meningitis.
Results : Among the two groups, the poor prognosis group had the worst imaging performance, while the good prognosis group had the lighter imaging performance. Chi-square test showed that the imaging signs of cerebral edema, cerebral hemorrhage, subdural effusion, hydrocephalus, venous sinus thrombosis, cerebral hernia had statistical significance between the two groups (P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the signs of cerebral edema, subdural effusion were risk factor for poor prognosis (P < 0.001).
Conclusion : There are many complications and sequelae in children with purulent meningitis. The MRI findings of cerebral edema, cerebral hemorrhage, subdural effusion, hydrocephalus, venous sinus thrombosis, cerebral hernia suggest poor prognosis. It is instructive to clinical treatment and prognosis.


Ear rot of maize caused by Fusarium species results in yield decrease as well as in decrease of grain quality. Seven inbreed lines were sowing during three years (2001–2003) at two locations (Kutjevo-pseudogley, Nova Gradiska-amphigley). If comparing average values of examined inbreed lines, planting years and soil types, there were significant differences in occurrence of maize ear rot caused by Fusarium species . The most tolerant lines in all the years examined on both locations were OS 89-9 and OS 86-39. The least infection intensity was observed in OS 138-9 inbreed line.


The article inquires into the basis of textual hermeneutics and what it means to apply it literally in philosophy and theology. Hermeneutics is fundamental if it is grounded in a mode of existence that is adequate to its purpose, so that it is better differentiated and clearly identified. The Protestant hermeneutics of the meaning of the text and the Jewish hermeneutics of the body of the letter are here replaced by a Catholic hermeneutics of the text of the body, in an attempt that is at least programmatic.


The invention relates to a zearalenone immune affinity column and a preparation method and use thereof. The immune affinity purification column is coupled with a sepharose supporter by virtue of protein G, and then a zearalenone antibody is coupled with the protein G on sepharose; a composite supporter formed by coupling the zearalenone antibody, protein G and the sepharose supporter is used for filling the affinity column. The immune affinity column is mainly used for purifying zearalenone in food, feed, milk, blood samples and other various samples so as to perform high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) detection and fluorescent detection on zearalenone in samples in the later period.


Reconciliation as a sign of our witness must be a serious consideration, says Sister Joan Chatfield, in our emerging agendas of world mission. Only when we are reconciled to one another within the church will the world without Christ be able to comprehend our being part of one Body, one baptism and one Lord.


The Multimedia Environmental Pollutant Assessment System (MEPAS) is a computer program which evaluates exposure pathways for chemical and radioactive releases according to their potential human health impacts. MEPAS simulates the exposure pathways through standard source-to-receptor transport principles using, a multimedia approach (air, groundwater, overland flow, soil, surface water) in conjunction with specific chemical exposure considerations. This model was originally developed by Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) to prioritize environmental concerns at potentially contaminated US Department of Energy (DOE) sites. Currently MEPAS is being used to evaluate a range of environmental problems which are not restricted to DOE sites. A partnership was developed between PNL and Mesa State College during 1991. This partnership involves the use of undergraduate students, faculty, and PNL personnel to complete enhancements to MEPAS. This has led to major refinements to the original MEPAS shell for DOE in a very cost-effective manner. PNL was awarded a 1993 Federal Laboratory Consortium Award and Mesa State College was awarded an Environmental Restoration and Waste Management Distinguished Faculty Award from DOE in 1993 as a result of this collaboration. The college has benefited through the use of MEPAS within laboratories and through the applied experience gained by the students. Development of this partnership will be presented with the goal of allowing other DOE facilities to replicate this program. It is specifically recommended that DOE establish funded programs which support this type of a relationship on an ongoing basis. Additionally, specific enhancements to MEPAS will be presented through computer display of the program.


Bisphenol A is a commonly used plastic additive.It is also a common environmental estrogen.Bisphenol A in plastic toys has the potential risks to children′s health.The method of determination bisphenol A in five kinds of commercial children′s toys by solvent extraction and high performance liquid chromatography was tested.Bisphenol A has been found in two kinds of toys.The spiked recoveries of bisphenol A in five kinds of toys are within the range of 93.13%—112.35%.This analyzing method is fast,simple and reliable and can be applied to detect bisphenol A in plastic toys.


The taxonomic status of the symbiotic bacteria of four recently described species of entomopathogenic nematode was determined preliminarily using 16S rDNA as molecular marker.The results indicated that the symbiotic bacterium of Steinernema akhursti is likely to be a new species of Xenorhabdus,and those of S.aciari and S.leizhouense perhaps are two new relative species or two distant strains of a new species of Xenorhabdus,while that of S.beddingii is a new strain of X.bovienii.


In article with the purpose to investigate an intellectual component of the human capital problems of its development and the precondition of successful realization in Russia are considered


Abstract The distribution of vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) in vapor, water, swollen polymer, and free monomer phases as a function of conversion of VCM can be calculated from the related partition coefficients. It was found that the amount of monomer in the vapor and water phases is particularly significant, being 20% (at 60°C) of that in the polymer phase at the peak exotherm. Neglecting the VCM dissolved in water and that in the head space of the reactor would seriously overestimate the polymerization rate and overdesign the required cooling capacity of the reactor. From the distribution the relation between conversion (x) vs pressure (P) after the pressure starts to drop can be developed and used to determine conversion at termination by pressure measurement. The results of ×vs P from our partition coefficient approach are consistent with those derived from Flory-Huggin's equation. Also the knowledge of VCM distribution at termination of the polymerization will assist VCM accountability and stripper design.


In the case of broadband wireless access systems operating over non-line-of-sight (NLOS) links, the multipath can be severe. This leads to frequency-selective fading channel which causes distortions of the received signal. The single-carrier (SC) modulation method combined with frequency-domain equalization (FDE) at the receiver has been proposed as an alternative to the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM) system due to its relative small peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) achieved at a similar complexity. Furthermore, an eigenbeamspace division multiplexing (E-SDM) technique can be applied to the single-carrier system to improve the spectrum efficiency. This scheme makes use of both spatial and frequency diversity while maintaining a low PAPR. The computation load still remains a challenge for the uplink transmission where the power resources are limited, therefore, in this paper we propose some reduced complexity techniques. The transmission performance of these techniques and the trade-off between complexity and bit error rate (BER) are evaluated in a frequency-selective Rayleigh channel by computer simulations.


A fast algorithm for calculating the inverse and selfreflective ginverse and group inverse and MoorePenrose inverse of a scaled factor circulant matrix is presented by the fast algorithm for computing polynomials. The fast algorithm avoids the problems of error and efficiency produced by computing a great number of triangular functions by means of other general fast algorithms. There is only error of approximation when the fast algorithms. There is only error of approximation when the fast algorithm is realized by computers, and only the elements in the first row of the scaled factor circulant matrix and the constants d1,d2,…,dn in the diagonal matrix D are used by the fast algorithm. Specially, the result computed by a computer is accurate over the rational number field.


This service blueprint was created as a result of the Food Loop action-based research project carried out for Defra. It details the steps necessary for a local authority to instigate and set up a similar community composting project, highlighting risks and suggestions


Recently, we have defined a formal semantics of Event driven Process Chains (EPCs) that, for the first time, faithfully captures the non-local behaviour of the XOR- and OR-join connectors. This fixed- point characterisation of the semantics of EPCs, however, does not pro- vide an efficient algorithm for calculating the semantics of an EPC and for simulating it. In this paper, we will show how to calculate this semantics of an EPC in an efficient way by employing Kleene's fixed-point theorem and dif- ferent techniques from symbolic model checking. These algorithms have been implemented in an open source tool for simulating and analysing EPCs: EPC Tools.


Abstract Although natural labour is normally painful, such pain has little value and is potentially detrimental to the fetus. Effective analgesia in labour is therefore of potential benefit to the baby. •Drugs given to a parturient may have a direct effect on the baby after crossing the placenta, as well as an indirect effect via changes in maternal physiology and biochemistry. Systemic analgesia depends on an effective concentration of drug in the maternal blood and because any compound that crosses the blood-brain barrier also crosses the placenta, such an approach is likely, given time, to affect the fetus as well as the parturient. The effects of systemic opioids and nitrous oxide are discussed. •Regional analgesia is less likely to have a direct effect on the baby, but it may produce changes in maternal physiology or biochemistry that affect the baby indirectly. Because regional analgesia is associated with maternal hypotension and fever, a prolonged second stage of labour, and an increased need for instrumental vaginal delivery, it is often assumed that these changes adversely affect the fetus. However, regional analgesia, properly handled, is more effective than systemic analgesia and is better for the baby. The effects of regional analgesia are explained and tests to monitor and assess the baby are discussed. •The effects of general and regional anaesthesia on the mother and fetus are also discussed.


Hexagonal SiGe has been theoretically shown to feature a tunable direct bandgap in the range 0.4-0.8eV. We study arrays of site-selectively grown Si_(1-x)-Ge_x nanowires (NWs) grown using the crystal transfer method in which wurtzite GaP core NWs are used as template for SiGe growth. Our approach opens up routes towards photonic band-edge lasers using group-IV NWs. Low-temperature µPL studies of arrays of SiGe NW-arrays reveal strong emission at 0.395eV and linear power dependence for weak excitation levels (P_ex~0.01-1kW/cm^2). For P_ex>4kW/cm^2, a new peak emerges at 0.37eV with an intensity that increases according to ~(P_ex)^5, indicative of stimulated emission close to the photonic band-edge.


In modern Taiwanese temples and libraries, only exist paper type temple lot. However, to digitalized the lot system is an inevitable trend in 21st century. If we can read these lots in different languages, such as, Hakka, Taiwanese, Japanese and English, then we not only can certainly obtain a total joyful feeling, but also can increase our language ability. Hence, the main purpose of this paper is to combine 100 lots of Chinese temple, Mandarin and Japanese with computer vocal system to develop a digital temple lot system. The first, we have collect 100 Mandarin papers Temple lots from Wenwu Temple, Sun-moon Lake, and transfer them into a Mandarin and a Japanese digital. Second, we based on the Mandarin paper model temple lot to set up the Japanese Pronounce System. Third, we, via 2D Flash and a computer vocal system transfer them into a computer vocal website, and present 36 hours course in general education. As a result, we can not only promote the Japanese culture education, but also introduce the system to public as a religious culture text in general education curriculum in Taiwanese colleges.


As more Fast Radio Bursts (FRBs) are being localised, we are learning that some fraction have persistent radio sources (PRSs). Such a discovery motivates an improvement in our understanding of the nature of those counterparts, the relation to the bursts themselves and why only some FRBs have PRSs. We report on observations made of FRB 20121102A with the MeerKAT radio telescope. Across five epochs, we detect the PRS associated with FRB 20121102A. Our observations are split into a cluster of four epochs (MJD 58732 - 58764) and a separate single epoch about 1000 days later. The measured flux density is constant across the first four observations but then decays by more than one-third in the final observation. Our observations on MJD 58736 coincided with the detections of 11 bursts from FRB 20121102A by the MeerTRAP backend, seven of which we detected in the image plane. We discuss the importance of image plane detections when considering the commensal transient searches being performed with MeerKAT and other radio facilities. We find that MeerKAT is so sensitive that within a two-second image, we can detect any FRB with a flux density above 2.4 mJy at 1.3 GHz and so could localise every FRB that has been detected by CHIME to date.


A method for producing a grosvenor momordica tissue culture seedling by a single culture medium uses an MS solid medium during the producing process and is characterized in that the angustimycin of 0.1 to 0.5mg L is added into a normal MS solid medium to produce the grosvenor momordica tissue culture seedling. As the medium singly prepared by the angustimycin can be simultaneously used on each technical tache of 'axillary bud explant starting', 'proliferation and expanding propagation' and 'proliferated seedling rooting', thereby greatly simplifying the producing operation procedures of the grosvenor momordica tissue culture seedling. In particular, the angustimycin can effectively control the generation of a callus during the culturing process of the grosvenor momordica tissue culture seedling in particular, which is beneficial to the genetic stability; thereby improving the quality of the tissue culture seedling.


In the Russian system of higher education in recent decades, the priority is given to the organization of the educational process, the educational function of which is noticeably faded; there was a loss of the qualitative component of life in young people; loss of experience and educational activities of the faculty; States the differentiated experience of public activity in young people, civil position which is not always consistent with the moral criteria, sometimes due to egocentric orientation. This article presents some views on the organization of the educational system of the modern University, describes the conditions for the effective functioning of the various models of educational space. The author clarified the definitions of professional education, educational environment, educational system.


This paper presents a complete study from design to fabrication and characterization of a RF-MEMS switch implemented in Si-BCB technology. The topology of the switch is a cantilever which will be integrated into tunable filters for applications from W-frequency band to V-frequency band. Along the whole process, attention has been paid to correlate simulations (electromagnetic and mechanical) and technology parameters in order to ensure a reliable switch model. The measured RF performances of this component exhibit isolation around 15 dB at 60GHz in the up-state position and an insertion loss less than 2dB in the down-state.


This paper reports the design and implementation of microstrip based quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) modulator using quadrature hybrid (Branchline) coupler and MESFET switches. The modulator is designed to operate between 7.5 GHz to 9.5 GHz. Fabricated modulator has carrier suppression of 29 dB across the frequency range and has an amplitude imbalance of less than 0.1 dB with phase imbalance of 0.4° around its center frequency. The modulation is checked upto 160 Mbps and spurious suppression is found to be greater then 40 dB and has zero DC power consumption.


Three new gradient‐selected NMR experiments for the analysis of long‐range heteronuclear coupling constants are presented. They are demonstrated on a series of compounds including sucrose, strychnine and a complex macrolide, phormidolide, isolated from a marine cyanobacterium. These 1D and 2D heteronuclear single quantum multiple bond correlation (HSQMBC) experiments provide pure absorption, antiphase lineshapes for precise, direct measurement of nJ(C,H) coupling constants. The example compounds were chosen to demonstrate the high sensitivity and ease of spectral interpretation provided by these HSQMBC experiments. In addition, suppression of one‐bond CH correlations has been introduced into the HSQMBC pulse sequence. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


According to the study of high performance fiber,differential fiber and a new generation of biological materials,we developed different kinds of fiber blended products such as wool and milk fiber,wool and soybean fiber,bamboo cotton.The technological parameters,production process and key technology can meet the requirements of improving quality of the products.Because of the different features of each fiber,we systematically expounded the fabrics′ structure and standard,and selected our technological parameters,process and key technology carefully.The result of preproduction proved all kinds of fiber′s features have been taken fully advantages,rational proportion of mixed textiles made these products feel smooth and the colors were bright and gentle.It improved the worsted fabrics′ features grade and having values greatly.It was completely feasible to put the differential fibers and fancy yarn into the worsted fabrics.So we believed the products would bring significant economic and social benefits.


A clathrate host, N-[2-(3,5-dinitrobenzoylamino)-6-methylphenyl]phthalimide 1 is designed to achieve inclusion of N-substituted formamides. N,N-Dialkylformamides HCONR2 of various sizes 2a–e [2a: R = Me; 2b: R = Et; 2c: R = Pri; 2d: R2 = –(CH2)5–, 2e: R2 = –(CH2)2O(CH2)2–] and dimethyl sulfoxide have been included as the guests in a clathrate host 1, in the ratio 1∶1 in each case. The interaction between the host and guest has been investigated by X-ray analysis of complex 1·2c (1∶1). The phthalimide plane and the N-phenyl group are orthogonal, which makes a suitable space for recognition of the formamides.


Suppose that the government maximizes a fixed social welfare function through the use of policy instruments. These instruments may be classical lump sum transfers of wealth or such second-best instruments as commodity taxes, income taxes, etc. Then under certain conditions the aggregate demand behavior for this economy will appear as though it were generated by a single representative consumer.


An approach to construction of digital circuit tests on the basis of continuous models of discrete devices is developed. The method is used to solve the problem of finding test sets for bridging faults of sequential circuits. A generalized fault model representation specified with a resistive model of a bridging fault is used together with simulation algorithms of a sequential circuit using continuous functions. The described algorithms and methods are implemented in the software package of automated test construction. The approbation results for some ISCAS'89 benchmark circuits are presented.


Seismic illumination analysis can help us to better understand how various seismic acquisition parameters and configuration affect seismic image qualities. It allows us to design effective seismic survey systems to provide reliable high-resolution seismic images for complex structures in both theoretical and exploration seismology. It is also a useful tool for estimation of the potential detecting power of a specific acquisition system for a given velocity structure of the medium. Most existing techniques for calculating illumination intensity distributions can be divided into two categories: one is based on ray tracing methods (Berkhout, 1997; Schneider, 1999; Bear et al., 2000; Muerdter et al., 2001a, 2001b, 20001c); and the other based on wave equation methods (Wu & Chen, 2002; Xie et al., 2006; Wu & Chen, 2006; Sun et al., 2007). The ray tracing is quite efficient and inexpensive. However, it bears large errors in complex areas because of the multi-path problem, the high frequency approximation and the singularity problem of the ray theory (Hoffmann, 2001). These factors limit its accuracy severely in complex areas. The wave-equation-based methods can provide reliable and accurate illumination intensity distributions in complex media. Full-wave finite-difference (FD) method is commonly employed for seismic forward modelling, i.e., wave propagation simulation for a known interval velocity model. But it is too expensive for illumination analysis in industrial application, especially for 3D case. Recently, One-way wave propagators have been widely used to seismic modelling and migration for its huge memory-saving and high computational efficiency. Localized illumination methods based on the Gabor-Daubechies frame decomposition or the local slant stack have been presented, which can give local information both in space and direction (e.g., Xie and Wu, 2002; Wu et al., 2000; Xie et al., 2003; Wu & Chen, 2006; Mao & Wu, 2007; Cao & Wu, 2008). However, its computational burden is still unacceptable due to the wavefield decomposition in every spatial point.


In Tunisia arid regions, the increase in the rural population density, (Le Floc'h et al. 1999) has intensified human pressure on natural resources through ''disturbances'' such as grazing and wood harvesting, land clearing and ploughing, which largely depend on the annual rainfall. About 10% of the steppe area has been taken over by agriculture, shrinking perennial plant cover and a highly degraded vegetation class (Hanafi and Jauffret 2008). This work assesses the vegetation restoration patterns on a protected agricultural field in Tunisian arid rangeland after 15 years of enclosure and protection against plowing.


Use of a polymer composition for rotomoulding, wherein said composition comprises: (i) at least two propylene polymer components; and (ii) a nucleating agent.


Earlier studies of the in-situ formation of the vertical density profile (VDP) during oriented strandboard (OSB) hot-pressing have shown significant density changes between the different thickness layers within a panel occurring well into the hot-pressing cycle. However, radiation based density monitoring systems are susceptible to changes in wood density due to moisture content (MC) fluctuations, implying that apparent density changes can arise from changes in MC. To validate the radiation based in-situ density monitoring system approach and quantify the potential effects of moisture, hot-pressing experiments were conducted to quantify the MC distribution and subsequently adjust the density measurements according to radiation attenuation theory. Identical laboratory strandboard mats were hot-pressed for various durations and then separated into layers for MC analysis. The resulting MC vs. press time correlation for each thickness layer therefore allowed the calculation of dry-based in-situ density changes and VDP formation. From the conclusions, unadjusted in-situ density monitoring results can give an indication of dry-wood VDP fluctuations. However, the density readings will overestimate the dry-wood density by a fraction equivalent to the sum of the moisture, resin and wax content. Since mat MCs generally tend to decline during hot-pressing, a decreasing in-situ density overestimates actual dry-wood density reductions, and an increasing density leads to a conservative rate of actual dry-wood densification.


Marketing is gaining importance in Library and information (LI secondly, marketing is not only useful for consumables to maximise the profit but equally important in non-profit service organisations like LI thirdly, marketing in LI last but not the least, marketing has a customer-centred approach rather than organisation centred. The paper concludes that marketing can be used as a strategic tool in the time of discontinuity.


Undertaking modelling investigations for Computer‐Aided Drug Design (CADD) requires a proper environment. In principle, this could be done on a single computer, but the reality of a drug discovery program requires robustness and high‐throughput computing (HTC) to efficiently support the research. Therefore, a more capable alternative is needed but its implementation has no widespread solution. Here, the realization of such a computing facility is discussed, from general layout to technical details all aspects are covered.


In Colombia, a high amount of fruit waste is currently generated. These causes a negative environmental impact due to its high organic load. However, this type of waste has compounds in its structure that can be used in order to reduce the environmental impact and to obtain added value. The main of this study was to characterize bromatologically sixteen residues of fruit processing in Colombia, in order to propose a possible use in the food industry. The bromatological characterization of the waste was carried out by means of the quantification of dry matter (ASTM E1756-08), ash (ASTM E1755-01), proteins (Kjeldahl method), crude fats (AOAC Official Method), total dietary fiber (AOAC 993.21) and carbohydrates. It was found that grape and soursop seeds, lulo peel and tree tomato stem presents the highest total dietary fiber with content percentages above 50 %. Also, tree tomato, soursop, tangerine and orange seeds are an important source of protein and crude fats, with values highest than 12 and 27 %, respectively. It was also found that pineapple, mango, soursop and grape peel have a carbohydrate content greater than 50%. As a conclusion, the results of this study demonstrate that fruit waste have a potential use in the food industry, due to their protein, crude fat, total dietary fiber and carbohydrates content.


BACKGROUND
Religiosity is associated with improved treatment outcomes among adults with alcohol dependence; however, it is unknown whether religious coping predicts drinking outcomes above and beyond the effects of coping in general, and whether gender differences exist.

METHODS
We assessed 116 alcohol-dependent adults (53% women; mean age = 37, SD = 8.6) for use of religious coping, general coping, and alcohol use within 2 weeks of entering outpatient treatment, and again 6 months after treatment.

RESULTS
Religious coping at 6 months predicted fewer heavy alcohol use days and fewer drinks per day. This relationship was no longer significant after controlling for general coping at 6 months.

CONCLUSIONS
The relationship between the use of religious coping strategies and drinking outcomes is not independent of general coping. Coping skills training that includes religious coping skills, as one of several coping methods, may be useful for a subset of adults early in recovery.

SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE
This novel, prospective study assessed the relationship between religious coping strategies, general coping, and treatment outcomes for alcohol-dependent adults in treatment with results suggesting that the use of religious coping as one of several coping methods may be useful for a subset of adults early in recovery.


Introduction. Suppose G is a reduced abelian group and / and J are infinite sets. When can the direct product G equal the direct sum AW for some subgroup A? If G is a torsion group, then G must be torsion by Corollary 2.4 in [3] and the answer is easy to determine. In Theorem 1 we provide an answer for all cases where \G\ or \I\ is nonmeasurable. We then present, in Example 2, a group decomposition G = A^} where G is reduced and unbounded. There is another unusual decomposition of G which occurs whenever \I\ is measurable and seems worth mentioning. We do this in Example 3. In this paper all groups are abelian. By G and G ( / ) we mean the direct product and direct sum respectively of copies of G indexed by J. If / is a set, then | / | is measurable if there is a {0, l}-valued countably additive function // on P(I), the power set of / such that //(J) = 1 and fi({i}) = 0 for each i G / . The letter N denotes the set of natural numbers. Unexplained terminology may be found in [2].


We prove the analogue of an identity of Huard, Ou, Spearman and Williams and apply it to evaluate a variety of sums involving divisor functions in two variables. It turns out that these sums count representations of positive integers involving radicals.


Background: O xidative stress plays a causative role in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia. This study aime d at assessing the effects of vitamin D supplementation on the antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation product of preeclamptic women. Methods: Ninety women between ages of 18 and 35 were recruited at 22weeks gestation from antenatal Clinic in Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of University College Hospital Ibadan, and Adeoyo Maternity Clinic, Yemetu, Nigeria. 30 normotensive pregnant women were grouped into Group A, and 60 preeclamptic women randomly grouped into Group B and Group C. Group C was given 1000IU/day of Vitamin D3 for 8weeks after recruitment at 22 weeks. Serum concentration of antioxidants were done by standard methods at 22 weeks, 30 weeks after supplementation and postpartum in all groups. They were followed up 3 - 7days postpartum, and obstetric data collected. Statistical analysis was done by using Statistical Package for Social sciences (SPSS) soft version 17 .0. Results: There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in gestational age at delivery, weight of fetus between the three group s, while there was a significant increase (p<0.05) in BMI, systolic and diastolic blood pressure in group B and C. The level of Malonaldehyde (MDA) was significantly higher (p<0.05), while SOD, GPX and catalase were lower in the preeclamptic groups at 2nd trimester when compared with control. After supplementation the MDA levels reduced significantly (p<0.05), while SOD, GPX and catalase increased significantly (p<0.05) in 3rd trimester and postpartumly in the supplemented group when compared with non - supplemented group. Vitamin C levels were not statistically different (p>0.05) at 2nd, 3rd trimester and postpartum, while Vit. E was significantly reduced (p<0.05) at the 3rd trimester in the control group. The level of Vit. E was significantly increased (p<0 .05), while Vit. C level was not statistically different (p>0.05) at 2nd trimester in the PE groups when compared with control. After supplementation, a significant increase (p<0.05) occurred in Vit. E, while Vit. C level was not statistically different (p >0.05) when compared with the non - supplemented PE group.Conclusion: Vitamin D supplementation is important in improving the antioxidant status in Preeclampsia.


A new sensing strategy towards hydrogen peroxide based on metal coordination polyelectrolyte-driven self-assembly of alkynylplatinum(II) 2,6-bis(benzimidazol-2'-yl)pyridine (bzimpy) complex was demonstrated. The cationic in situ-generated Ag(I)-thiocholine coordination polyelectrolytes were shown to induce the supramolecular self-assembly of anionic low-energy red-emissive alkynylplatinum(II) bzimpy complexes via non-covalent Pt(II)···Pt(II), electrostatic and π-π stacking interactions. The presence of hydrogen peroxide was shown to inhibit the formation of coordination polyelectrolytes and the coordination polyelectrolyte-induced self-assembly of platinum(II) complexes. The weakening of Pt(II)···Pt(II), electrostatic and π-π stacking interactions was supported by UV-vis absorption, emission, and resonance light scattering (RLS) studies. The present assay was also applied to probe glucose indirectly based on the enzymatic reaction of glucose oxidase on the substrate. Operating in a label-free manner, together with the low-energy red emission and large Stokes shift of alkynylplatinum(II) complexes, these features render the proposed design attractive for biological applications.


Using a previous paper published in Eurasian Geography and Economics (Agnew, 2012) as a point of departure, an American geographer and specialist on China explores the role of the periphery (frontier, borderlands) in forging perceptions of China's place in the world. By presenting counter-narratives to the myth of a singular Chinese culture/ethnicity spreading inexorably from a Yellow River hearth region over five millennia, the author demonstrates how the Chinese have "looked out" (i.e., used a complex and seemingly alien frontier space) in order to "look in" (mark a "Chinese" identity as culturally homogeneous even when it was not). The paper examines how this process worked through time to repeatedly reinvent an unambiguous and knowable China from histories of intermixing, ambiguity, and spatial complexity. It contrasts a Mao-era perspective of a periphery marking the leading edge of an expanding and homogeneous Chinese culture with post-Mao and post-socialist narratives, which view the periphery more as a "contact zone" between China and its neighbors, where Han ethnicity and Chinese civilization alike are viewed as having absorbed external influences.


The present invention provides a novel compound having the following general formula: wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, and A are as described herein, a composition comprising the compound, and the Methods of using the compounds are provided. [Selection figure] None


Responsible tourism will be the mainstream for the future tourism industry with the aim of using tourism to create economic, social and environmental sustainability in the destination. This study was conducted to provide arguments for Phu Quoc city, Kien Giang province in developing responsible tourism. The main data of the study were provided by 160 visitors through a questionnaire survey and analyzed in the form of descriptive statistics, scale reliability, exploratory factors and multivariable linear regression. The research results show that there are 6 factors affecting the development of responsible tourism in Phu Quoc city in descending order: (1) responsible communication in tourism, (2) organization management in tourism responsible catering, (3) responsible accommodation operation, (4) responsible community action in tourism (5) tourism management and (6) responsible tourism product development. This study not only complements the theory and practice of responsible tourism but also serves as a basis for Phu Quoc city to come up with solutions to develop more responsible local tourism in the future.


In a country like India which is blessed with demographic dividend, it becomes imperative to create active consumers so as to bring in efficiency, transparency in the market place and thereby ensure consumers' protection against unfair trade practices. The stepping stone towards this goal is to improve consumers' awareness about their rights and responsibilities in general. In doing so the efforts put in by government agencies, voluntary consumer organization (VCOs), non-governmental organizations (NGOs) etc. plays a vital role. These organizations are imparting education to consumers on various aspects of consumerism such as protection against hazardous goods and services, consumer's interests, their well being etc. in India. The benefits of increased levels of consumer awareness include enhanced critical thinking by the consumers, improved life skills and their self confidence. The paper aims at understanding the existing state of consumer awareness about their rights and responsibilities in general.


Abstract Estimates of marine boundary layer (MBL) depth and degree of decoupling for two regions of the subtropical and tropical east Pacific are presented using satellite observations from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI). These data are combined in a novel way with NCEP reanalysis data and a mixing line parameterization to estimate the mean entrainment rate we over the two regions. Mean entrainment rates vary geographically and have maxima just downwind of the Californian coast (we ≈ 4–5 mm s−1), and also in the core of the equatorial east Pacific cold tongue where mean we exceeds 6 mm s−1. Entrainment exceeds subsidence by 30% or less in the subtropical stratocumulus regions. North of the equatorial cold tongue entrainment greatly exceeds subsidence, producing a rapid deepening of the MBL as air flows over a marked SST gradient. Shallow MBLs (zi < 500–700 m) are found to be well mixed in general. The deco...


Abstract : A study was made of the adsorption from aqueous solution of polyethylene oxide (Polyox) and polyacrylamide onto Pyrex, silica, and stainless-steel surfaces. This investigation was undertaken to determine if a correlation exists between the structure of adsorbed polymer films at solid/liquid interfaces and the observed ability of such polymers to reduce the drag in liquid flow systems. In this study the amount of polymer adsorbed by high-surface-area adsorbents was determined by measuring the difference in polymer concentration before and after adsorption. The thickness of adsorbed polymer films on clean, flat surfaces was determined by ellipsometry. It was concluded that Polyox and polyacrylamide molecules adsorbed in thin films, lying relatively flat at the interface with no large loops projecting into the solution. In a parallel study percent drag reduction (DR) was measured in a rotating disk apparatus. The totality of the evidence suggests that for the systems studied the composition of the surface and polymer adsorption on the surfaces are not related to DR. (Author)


Grazing management decisions such as the choice of stocking rate (SR) may have strong implications on extensive goat production systems. In this trial, the effects of three SR, high (HSR, 20 goats/ha), medium (MSR, 15 goats/ha) and low (LSR, 10 goats/ha), on productive performance of grazing Cashmere goats were studied during three grazing seasons in improved upland pastures of northern Spain. Treatments were replicated twice on six plots sown with Lolium perenne and Trifolium repens, and with a high presence of the native grass Agrostis capillaris. Body weight (BW) and body condition score (BCS) of goats were periodically monitored. No notable differences between treatments were found in pasture botanical composition and nutritive quality. The higher mean sward heights at lower SR resulted in more favourable goats' BW and BCS changes in LSR than in MSR and HSR (-14, -29, -52 g/day, respectively; P<0.001). Greater individual BW gains of kids were observed in LSR and MSR (94 g/day) compared to HSR (70 g/day; P<0.05). Inversely, kids' daily BW gains per hectare were greater (P<0.001) in HSR and MSR (1.37 kg/day/ha) compared to LSR (0.98 kg/day/ha). Adding BW changes of dams and offspring, overall productivity was higher in MSR and LSR than in HSR (864 vs 375 g/day.ha; P<0.01). A medium SR of 15 goats/ha could represent a better balance between individual goat performance, subsequent BW and BCS recovery in breeding females, and productivity per unit land area in these pastures.


In a 0.13 mum design environment, we design two level converters to convert signals from 0.6V and 0.8V to 1.2V, respectively, to fulfill the needs of a multi-island dual-VDD CMOS SOC. Heuristic sizing guidelines are proposed to achieve better conversion speed and lower conversion energy for both level converters


The meaning and physical implications of Middleton's formula for the probability density function of Class B noise are explored. The effects of parameter variations on the pdf are shown graphically and interpreted. Middleton has derived a formula for the probability distribution for Class B radio noise (noise that generates transients in the linear front-end stages of the receiver). Because the derivation is long and mathematically difficult, the connections between the formula parameters and the physical situation producing the noise are not readily apparent. In this paper, those connections will be explored by examining the sensitivity of the formula to parameter variations rather than by studying the derivation.


This article tests whether high-income earners can earn excess risk-adjusted returns by annually exploiting the asymmetric U.S. tax treatment of long-term capital gains and losses using at-the-money (ATM) options. In this article, we run an initial analysis that tests the returns of the previous 50 years, from 1966 through 2015, that buys $3,000 of one-year ATM call options on the S&P 500 (SPY) to determine excess risk-adjusted returns for individuals of various taxable income levels. Additionally, we run a Monte Carlo simulation, based on long-term historical returns, standard deviations, and correlations, to test the robustness of the initial results for a risk-neutral investor. We find that call options can provide increased annual performance returns for all income levels. Furthermore, we conclude that these strategies also provide excess risk-adjusted returns for high-income earners in the 28% and higher income tax brackets.


Dry etching of a semiconductor element protective layer 42 of the of the lower bond pads 22 when exposed to an initial low radio frequency (RF) power stage is used, is carried out in such a way that a high RF power source phase after the initial exposure using . Thus the method is the possibility of fouling of the bonding pad 22, die coating, especially a polyimide layer 72 is removed or reduced to the possibility, if formed on the semiconductor element 50.


Chilean Civil Code is the most influential codification of South America. Most
civil codes on the subcontinent are dependent on it. This work focus on the sources
of Chilean�s Civil Code definition of property, specially on its limits. It traces its
origin back to the Siete Partidas and the Glossa and proposes some legal bases for
the aplication of the Roman Theory of Immssio in South America.


Monitoring time-between-events-and-amplitude (TBEA) data, including the time interval between two successive nonconforming events and the amplitude of an event, is significant in many applications, especially manufacturing and service operations. Almost all TBEA control charts consider only one quality characteristic of the event, and most of the related research is restricted to cases where data are assumed to follow specific distributions. However, an event is usually described by multiple quality characteristics of which underlying distributions are unknown. In this article, we integrate the TBEA data into a specified form and then design a nonparametric multivariate TBEA (NMTBEA) control chart based on log-linear modelling. This chart is used to monitor the location shifts of the time interval and the amplitudes in an event. Next, we investigate the performance of some improved nonparametric control charts in monitoring multivariate TBEA data. The numerical simulation results show that the NMTBEA control chart performs best in most shifts that occur in six representative distributions. A real example of the colour difference monitoring of the car body in the automotive industry is provided to illustrate the implementation of the proposed chart.


Popular education in Britain grew out of the social conscience of the Christian churches. Government investment in schools only began in the last quarter of the 19th century and even where schools were funded it was primarily to plug the gaps left by the voluntary organisations. Throughout the 20th century, Britain had a dual system of provision by which state and churches cooperated in the provision and funding of schools. The last 30 years have witnessed an interesting development in Britain in the political response to religious diversity and education. Some members of the more recent religious minority communities have sought to join the dual system by seeking funding for religious schools on the same basis as the Christian churches. In the last 5 years, several schools run by minority religious groups have received state funding. In its latest Green Paper, the government argues the case for greater diversity in educational provision and looks to increasing the participation of Christian and other religious groups in educational provision, not least by reducing the financial quota which religious bodies have to pay towards the upkeep of such schools. In the light of continuing problems with personal and institutional racism at many levels of British society, and the well-documented increase in Islamophobia, this paper explores what model of pluralism is likely to suit Britain's future society best and what form of educational provision might prove the most effective in promoting it.


TUCSON, ARIZONA-- Scientific innovator from the moon to Mars, author of textbooks and novels, and space artist, William Hartmann is the independent scientist writ large. (Read more.)


This study aimed to evaluate critical care nurse's performance regarding VAP prevention in selected hospitals, Khartoum state, Sudan. It was a descriptive cross-sectional study, from December 20 th , 2015 till February 15 th , 2016 in intensive care units of Khartoum teaching hospital, Omdurman Military hospital and Al-Ribat University, teaching hospital at Khartoum State, Sudan. It consisted of 120 nurse who deal with patient mechanical ventilation. A non-probability, purposive sample selection was used. Data was collected from the direct observation chick list tool which consisted of two main parts, first is a socio-demographic characteristic of the nurse, and second is consisted of 20 items regarding nurses' practice skills about VAP prevention. The data was analyzed by SPSS program for Windows V.20, which include a descriptive statistical analysis and inferential statistical analysis. The results revealed that; with regards to age, the majority of the participants age was between 23-30 years old, (71.7%) were female, according to qualifications (86.7%) had bachelor degree, and (47.6%) had less than 1 year of experience. The practice performance compliance of nurses about VAP prevention consisted of 20 items distributed on 4 preventive measures elements (infection control, ventilator care, endotracheal suction, and aspiration & colonization) the mean was (1.16 from 3), (2.83 from 5), (1.85 from 6), and (1.30 from 6) respectively, the overall mean of practice performance compliance of nurses about VAP prevention was (7.12 from 20), which is a poor result, showed that, the most of the nurses have un-adequate practice performance compliance about VAP prevention. Development of a protocol and continuous education program for all working nurses was recommended to improve the level of nursing practice in critical care units.


Real clinical practice is currently characterized by a significant increase in clinical situations, when it is already difficult to talk about the presence of only one disease in a patient, and in most clinical cases the patient has a combined or concomitant pathology.Hemorrhoidal disease has been known since ancient times and remains one of the most common human diseases. In the acute and initial stages of chronic hemorrhoids, conservative treatment is carried out. Its main goal is to relieve pain and inflammation, normalize blood circulation in the rectum. Given the high prevalence of hemorrhoids and the main risk factors for its development, which are simultaneously important in the development of other diseases and pathological conditions, a patient with hemorrhoids should be considered as a comorbid patient. Drug therapy for a comorbid patient always carries the risk of harm to the patient's health by the drug itself, designed to resist the disease.Homeopathic medicines should be considered as a drug of choice for topical therapy in the management of uncomplicated forms of external haemorrhoids. In the presented review, the effects of the main components (Calendula officinalis, hamamelis virginiana, Aesculus hippocastanum, Mentholum, Zinci oxydum) of the ointment are considered and it is noted that the main medicinal properties of the combined preparation are anti-inflammatory, regenerating, disinfecting, drying effects. In conclusion, 2 clinical examples are given, indicating the effectiveness of the ointment in comorbid patients in acute and early stages of chronic hemorrhoids.


The Association of Dairy and Cheese Producers of Teruel (Spain) was founded with the aim of promoting artisan cheese production in order to obtain a Protected Geographical Indication (PGI). Cheeses protected under PGI maintain the traditional manufacturing process but include an innovative format consisting of a multi-lobulated shape (eight lobes), unique in the market. These cheeses will be produced under precise conditions described in the PGI Specification. At the end of the maturation period, Teruel Cheese (PGI) must have at least 45% fat in dry matter and a minimum of 55% dry matter. As a starting point for the homogenization and standardization of the product, the present work was conducted to study the technological process used in the dairies belonging to the Association and the physico-chemical parameters (water activity, pH, ash, dry matter, fat, protein and sodium chloride) of the cheese, which is made from raw ewes' milk. The differences found in the salting phase of the technological process were not reflected in the percentage of sodium chloride of the cheese samples. All samples met the physical and chemical characteristics described in the statement of Specification for Teruel Cheese (PGI).