Today, accessing world information via search engines and discovery tools has changed how researchers and information users employ library resources eliciting their expectation for traditional library services. Additionally, social networking and wireless personal devices have created convenient new ways for people to obtain, produce, and share information instantaneously. The library is no longer the center that researchers must rely on to access information and research materials. This indeed has propelled the transformation of Access Services. Balancing emerging services and core services to meet the new expectations and demands of our users in the new era has become a major challenge for Access Services and for public services managers. In the new era, Access Services supports "many services to many users" onsite and online simultaneously, customer-driven one-stop service, along with seamless and embedded services. This article articulates the changing process in Access Services since the first transformation wave in the 1990s, identifies the new service dimensions of the most recent Access Services transformation wave, addresses the roles and challenges of Access Services managers and discusses service management issues in the transformation process.


New Space for Women, edited by Gerda Wekerle, Rebecca Peterson and David Morley. Westview Press, 1980.

Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, Special Issue: "Women and the American City," Spring 1980, Volume 5, Number 3, Supplement.

Women in Housing: Access and Influence, by Marion Brion and Anthea Tinker. The Housing Centre Trust, 1980.

"A Woman's Place: A Feminist Approach to Housing in Britain," by Helen Austerberry and Sophie Watson. Feminist Review, Number 8, Summer 1981: 49–62.


The article offers an easy-to-use two-part indicator for scholars and practitioners to measure whether "income generation and sustainable business initiatives" projects of international organization and similar government policies and projects simultaneously meet two sets of professional criteria for design and implementation. The indicator can be used directly to address failures that are routinely reported (or hidden) in this area of key and growing development interventions. Use of this indicator on more than a dozen standard interventions funded today by international development banks, United Nations organizations, country donors, and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) reveals that most of the major actors in the field of development have failed to follow their own guidelines and professional standards. Many appear to be using "income generation and sustainable business initiatives" as a cover for international agendas that can be described as "neo-colonial" and unsustainable; driven either by ideology or donor interest. The indicator points to specific areas for holding development actors accountable in order to promote development goals of sustainability and efficient market competition. This article offers a sample detail test of the indicator using UNDP and UNESCO's "Creative Industry Support Program" as a case study.


The present invention discloses an alkali-resistant fiberglass mesh coating and preparation method thereof, by carboxylated styrene butadiene latex and acrylic emulsion COMPOUND use, and additional crosslinking agent to enhance the alkali resistance. The preparation technique using good scrim performance, alkali retention rate of 80% or more.


This exploratory-descriptive study was held in a psychiatric in-patient institution in the north of Parana State/Brazil in 2005. The purposes were: sensitize the nursing team for humanized care to patients with mental disorder. Twenty-one (21) nursing technicians and twenty-five (25) nursing assistants participated. Data were collected by workshops. Group dynamics were grounded by theoretical background on human communication and interpersonal relationship. It was verified that professionals perceive patients with mental disorder as human beings who need to be rendered care in their wholeness; on the other hand, workshops enabled a reflection on the delivered care and awakened their critical sense on the professional practice, bringing about care re-meaning.


Numerous approaches have been introduced to automate the process of text summarization, but only few can be easily adapted to multiple languages. This paper introduces a multilingual text processing pipeline integrated in the open-source ReaderBench framework, which can be retrofit to cover more than 50 languages. While considering the extensibility of the approach and the problem of missing labeled data for training in various languages besides English, an unsupervised algorithm was preferred to perform extractive summarization (i.e., select the most representative sentences from the original document). Specifically, two different approaches relying on text cohesion were implemented: a) a graph-based text representation derived from Cohesion Network Analysis that extends TextRank, and b) a class of submodular set functions. Evaluations were performed on the DUC dataset and use as baseline the implementation of TextRank from Gensim. Our results using the submodular set functions outperform the baseline. In addition, two use cases on English and Romanian languages are presented, with corresponding graphical representations for the two methods.


Story From the Front Lines A woman in her 60s was admitted with epigastric pain, hematemesis, and acute anemia. Upper endoscopy revealed a large 25 × 30-mm nonobstructing gastric ulcer, several circumferential partially obstructing gastric ulcers at the pylorus, and small duodenal ulcers. The cause was attributed to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) because Helicobacter pylori pathology results were negative. The surgical consult recommended eventual vagotomy and antrectomy with reconstruction owing to the severity of the ulcers causing partial obstruction and the patient's prior nonadherence to medical therapy. The patient was obese and had a history of poor oral intake, so a preoperative prealbumin level was measured to assess for malnutrition. Prealbumin levels were low, at 6 mg/dL (normal range, 18-38 mg/dL). In addition to oral supplementation, she began receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN) via a right-sided, peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) to optimize her nutritional status prior to surgery. The patient was discharged home with home health services. At her follow-up appointment 2 weeks later, the surgical team rechecked a prealbumin level, which was now 10 mg/dL. Based on the stability of her symptoms and her ongoing tobacco use, surgery was postponed. The patient presented to the emergency department (ED) 4 weeks later with right upper-extremity swelling and pain. Venous duplex ultrasonography revealed a thrombus in the cephalic vein just above the antecubital fossa. She was given 1 dose of therapeutic enoxaparin in the ED, and the PICC was removed. The patient was admitted for observation to monitor for bleeding in the setting of therapeutic anticoagulation and a history of extensive gastric ulcers. Nutrition consultation was requested, and the patient was given a full liquid diet with supplementation, which she tolerated without incident. She was discharged with instructions to follow up with her primary care physician.


The authors conducted a study to determine the relative importance of the experience of the operating surgeon in rates of mortality within 30 days of a procedure. They searched the Medicare claims database for 1998 through 1999 for mortality among 474,108 patients who underwent one of eight cardiovascular procedures or cancer resections. Factors examined were the relations between hospital volume, operative mortality, and surgeon volume. The authors concluded that the well-established relation between hospital volume and surgical mortality is largely mediated by surgeon volume. A patient's chances of surviving a surgical procedure improve if the patient selects a surgeon who frequently performs the operation, even at a high-volume hospital.


False information of accounting not only comes from man -made event but also from accounting event such as unco nsum-mation and selection property of acc ounting principle,incoordination of accounting principle,uncertain ty of accounting items and unclear-ness of property right system.Thus,accounting system should be further consummated and property right shou ld be clarified.Accounting Law should be carried out.


The 31st Annual Meeting of the Canadian College of Neuropsychopharmacology (CCNP) was held in Toronto, Ontario, June 6–9, 2008. This report summarizes the 3 CCNP award lectures, plenary lecture and 7 symposia.


Suppose g is a fixed positive integer. For N ≥ 2, a set A ⊂ Z ⋂ [1, N ] is called a B2[g] set if every integer n has at most g distinct representations as n = a + b with a, b ∈ A and a ≤ b. In this note, we introduce a new idea to give a small improvement to the upper bound for the size of such A when g is small.


In the current era, the auto and reliable recommendation system plays a significant role in human life. The code recommender systems are being used in various source code databases to recommend the most suitable source code to the user. While code recommendation, the code analysis concerning 'code quality' and 'code implementation' is important to recommend the most reliable code by considering the objective of the user. The ultimate aim of this research work is to propose a code recommendation and implementation model using the characteristics of DevOps that assist in extracting, analyzing, implementing, and updating the recommender system continuously. The current study presents an initial framework of the proposed code recommender model. The design of the model is based on the data collected through literature review and by conducting an empirical study with experts. We believe that the proposed model will assist the researchers and practitioners to recommend the most secure and suitable source code according to their requirement.


Seabed sediments and water depth are closely related.Our study found that spectral differential technology had a good effort on distinguishing substrate types.This paper,based on hyperspectral data of different sediment,researched the relationship between spectral reflectance of different type substrate composition and water depth,examined the correlation coefficient between different sediment reflectance and water depth,analyzed and tested the applicability in the mixed depth of sediments of various algorithms, and proved the superiority of sediment classification algorithm.We also studied the difference of sediment types of differential spectral reflectance characteristics.Anti-depth error was less than the other algorithms,and more accurate to distinguish sediment type,had a certain relevance and research value.


High-strain dynamic pile testing is an important tool for driveability analysis, but the major objective of dynamic testing is determination of pile capacity at the time of testing. This method is a convenient tool in the pile driving industry. However, though high-strain dynamic pile testing has been used in practice for years, the actual accuracy of the area of application of this method, and also understanding the results of dynamic pile testing are vague. This paper presents discrepancies in high-strain dynamic pile testing, some uncertainty in the CAPWAP signal matching, negligible effects of soil properties on the CAPWAP results, incorrect interpretation and misleading use of testing results. It is shown the necessity to use engineering principles for verification of high-strain dynamic pile testing.


and Other Apocalypses comes wrapped in praise. Likened to Paley and Dickinson, applauded by Louise Gluck and Kelly Link, Corin earns these accolades again in her third book, a perfectlywritten collection that will keep critics busy analyzing it for decades. To write a few pages about it here is simply to do it an injustice. This book is delightfully free of grossly catastrophic violence, march-to-the-sea plotting, and gurgling, lurching, dying sore-crusted humans. Instead, by claiming 100+ apocalypses, Corin diminishes the aspect of The Apocalypse, and focuses on the searing facts of life for families, girls, artists, husbands, cyclists, lovers, dogs, all of whom anticipate, then endure, varying degrees of devastation. Though easily accessible via clear prose and the use of familiar tropes, the fairy tale/ the post-apocalyptic journey, the fabulist what if, the realistic narrative, and an original one hundred unrelated micro-fictions that successfully fuse to form a novella (my term), this book of four pieces is for thoughtful readers who recognize personal Armageddon as the most difficult catastrophes to negotiate and survive. The lead story, "Eyes of Dogs," follows the post-apocalyptic script of starvation, dust, and grime. A soldier aiming for home meets a witch, possibly his mother, who sends him down a rabbit hole with peculiar instructions, life or death implied. What elevates this story is not the sudden appearance of a sidebar optional ending but the quality of the author's intellect in developing the beautiful, surprising yet common quest. The soldier's "mind cleared of everything except the idea of money." Later, the soldier believes "Cash . . . suggested endless possibility anchored in safety." But will money save anyone? The next story, "Madmen," begins, "The day I got my period, my mother and father took me to pick my madman." This startling premise hints at a wild pandemonium to come. At the asylum, the family "shops" the cages of available mad people by taking time to read the case history advertisements. These descriptions are as horrific as the premise is bizarre. Yet in a book that is both studiedly efficient and full, this section runs on too long. The energy exists in the animosity between the mother and daughter and once a compromise is reached, "Madmen" deflates as it progresses. The marvelous "Godzilla Versus The Slog Monster" is a traditional, evocative, boy-coming -of-age narrative, complete with compelling characters and an active apocalypse. Readers who prefer these elements in their stories might begin the book here. This story underscores the confusion we feel when we watch a disaster unfold on television. What is the proper response when an entire coast is bombed? Here, young Patrick, astonished to find himself safe, articulates this dilemma:


Seaweed has long been known as a type of marine plant that has economic value and is widely used in cosmetics, food, industrial, and other industries. Seaweed is mostly processed in dry form after going through the drying process or processed into ready-to-eat foods, such as lunkhead, sweets, and drinks. The number of seaweed cultivation groups in Ped village is 8 (eight) groups with a total of about 120 members. This activity was able to attract attention and interest as well as the participation of at least 29 people from the total number of members of seaweed farmers in Ped Village, Nusa Penida District, Klungkung. This entrepreneurial training for making seaweed lunkhead aims to increase the creativity and entrepreneurial interest of seaweed farmers in diversifying seaweed processed products so that they are able to provide added value and economic value for seaweed processed products, and ultimately increase the income of seaweed farmers in Indonesia. Ped village, Nusa Penida district. The expected outcome of this outreach and entrepreneurship training for making seaweed lunkhead is that seaweed farmers are able to make seaweed lunkhead products as one of the processed products that are ready to be marketed and consumed. The method of implementing this community service activity is the method of providing counseling, in the form of exposing material about the potential and benefits of seaweed, and training on practical skills in making seaweed lunkhead which is given directly to seaweed farmers.


Article history: Received July 21 2015 Received in Revised Format August 16 2015 Accepted September 8 2015 Available online September 12 2015 Differential evolution (DE) is an effective and powerful approach and it has been widely used in different environments. However, the performance of DE is sensitive to the choice of control parameters. Thus, to obtain optimal performance, time-consuming parameter tuning is necessary. Backtracking Search Optimization Algorithm (BSA) is a new evolutionary algorithm (EA) for solving real-valued numerical optimization problems. An ensemble algorithm called E-BSADE is proposed which incorporates concepts from DE and BSA. The performance of E-BSADE is evaluated on several benchmark functions and is compared with basic DE, BSA and conventional DE mutation strategy. Also the performance results are compared with state of the art PSO variant. © 2016 Growing Science Ltd. All rights reserved


A unique approach which combined anthropometric data, human anatomical models, and artistic renderings was used to synthesize male and female manikin models representing the U.S. general population. The derivation of dimensions, joint locations and reach envelopes are discussed and scale drawings of the 5th percentile female and 15th percentile male manikins are presented. These manikins were used to derive console ergonomic requirements for next-generation air traffic controller workstations.


ABSTRACT In scienti c writing, the author makes the introduction of weapons applications us- ing Macromedia Flash MX, aims to be a viable alternative in studying and knowing information about the weapons in addition to reading from the book accompanied by an inter- esting game. In scienti c writing is also explained on how to determine the creation of applications ranging from nav- igation structure, plot design (storyboarding), production display the main menu page, author pro le page view, page view info weapon, page views M4A1, AK47, sg550, sg552, AWP , g3sg1, scout, mp5, aug, ump45, display the page title game, testing up to run the application. The information contained in this application is a combination of the compo- nents of the information in the form of images, text, sound, and animation.. Incorporation of components required in the manufacture of information is done by using Macro- media Flash MX. Bibliography (2000-2004) Penamaan File: 30101184


Most designers are not schooled in the area of human-intmction psychology and therefore tend to rely on the traditional ergonomic aspects of human factors when designing complex humaninteractive workstations. "In fact, an experienced system designer is deeply embedakd in their own context and very ojk i will tmt their current requirement as an update or d i f i m t i o n qfpriordesigns. ...& creative phases of q e r t designers' workdepend very much on intuition and experience. (Rasmsen, Pejtersen, and Goodstein) Unfortunately, by ignoring the importance of the integration of the user interface at the psychophysiological level, the result can be ineffective use of a system leading to an inherently morand Mureprone system. Therefore, to minimize or eliminate fkiIures in a humaninteractive system, it is essential that designers understand how each user's processing characteristics affect how the user gathers and processes information. By understanding the significant processing characteristics of the user, designers can implement practical and effective visual displays (or any other type of system) that are more desirable to all users. The m a t e d presented in this paper is based on a general study that involved users' perspective views of how visual displays should be designed for effective use. The methodology used was Neuro-Linguistic Progmmming (NLP), because of its applicability in expanding design choices from the users' "model of the world" The findings of the study have provided a beginning in the development of user comfort parameters and visual displays. Reference Rasmussen, J., Pejtersen, A. M. , and Goodstein, L. P., ''Cognitive Systems Engineering," New York John Wiley & Sons, (1994). *Work Supported by US. Dept. of Energy, Nuclcar Energy Progranrs, uuder Contract W-31-109-ENG-38. HOW THE USER VIEWS VISUAL DISPLAYS


Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection remains a relevant social issue worldwide. Data still point significant values in the numbers of new cases. A major challenge is maintaining adherence to treatment, as several reasons may contribute to its abandonment. Pharmaceutical professionals periodically dispense drugs to such patients and have the opportunity to accompany and guide them and may contribute to the care provided to such people. For this, it is essential that they have knowledge of the subject and feel safe to advise. The education of this professional on the subject is relevant, needing to be constant since there are always updates in this area. Objective: This article aimed to analyze what the most recent literature on the pharmacy service provided to people living with HIV / AIDS (PLHA) says and its relationship with continuing health education. Methodology: For this, an integrative literature review was performed through the Medline, Lilacs, Cinahl, Scopus and Web of Science databases. Results: From the 125 articles found 03 were selected, after applying the exclusion criteria, for complete reading and synthesis. All were in English being found: 1 from Medline and 2 from Web of Science. Of these, 2 were published in 2014 and 1 in 2018. Discussion: The articles point out that many pharmacists do not feel competent to guide and advise on HIV prophylaxis as well as news about treatment and that some have never received training on the subject. It is suggested in these articles that education on HIV / AIDS, its treatment and prophylaxis should be applied to such health professionals, since they are located in a strategic location and are easily accessible to the population. The curricula of undergraduate and residency courses in pharmacy do not include enough content on the subject, being quite superficial what can contribute to the insecurity of professionals. HIV is among the ten health priorities of the World Health Organization and also in the National Agenda of Priority in Research of the Ministry of Health (ANPPMS) with constant research and updates on its theme as treatment and prevention. (UN, 2019) (Brazil, 2018). It is essential that there are forms of education and updating aimed at professionals in this area. Continuing education, continuing education and in-service education, although they are processes that are based on different methodological principles, are characterized by the continuity of educational actions, which can be used to develop skills and competences, strengthening the work performed. Conclusion: The literature does not speak specifically about the continuing education of pharmacists who work with PLHA, being valid research on the subject. However, the selected articles show that there is a need for education on the subject and the recognition of professionals about this need. Thus, it is concluded that more needs to be invested in HIV / AIDS content in pharmacy undergraduate curricula, and that continuing health education along with continuing education for such professionals can fill existing knowledge gaps and contribute for skills development. It is suggested in this article that permanent health education be carried out with all staff working in the pharmacy sector (pharmacists, technicians, assistants), which will enrich the discussions and learning of the group, bringing greater confidence to both professionals. as for patients, even reflecting on the improvement of the treatment adherence process and, consequently, on the control of the HIV / AIDS epidemic.


Abstract The 200-kW(electric) uranium-nitride-fueled lithium-cooled fast reactor concept "RAPID-L" to achieve highly automated reactor operation has been demonstrated. RAPID-L is designed for a lunar base power system. It is one of the variants of the RAPID (Refueling by All Pins Integrated Design) fast reactor concept, which enables quick and simplified refueling. The essential feature of the RAPID concept is that the reactor core consists of an integrated fuel assembly instead of conventional fuel subassemblies. In this small-size reactor core, 2700 fuel pins are integrated and encased in a fuel cartridge. Refueling is conducted by replacing a fuel cartridge. The reactor can be operated without refueling for up to 10 yr. Unique challenges in reactivity control systems design have been addressed in the RAPID-L concept. The reactor has no control rod but involves the following innovative reactivity control systems: lithium expansion modules (LEM) for inherent reactivity feedback, lithium injection modules (LIM) for inherent ultimate shutdown, and lithium release modules (LRM) for automated reactor startup. All these systems adopt 6Li as a liquid poison instead of B4C rods. In combination with LEMs, LIMs, and LRMs, RAPID-L can be operated without an operator. This reactor concept is also applicable to the terrestrial fast reactors. In this paper, the RAPID-L reactor concept and its transient characteristics are presented.


The attribute of sci-tech periodicals under the surroundings of socialist market economy is analyzed. It is believed that the periodicals of science and technology possess the attributes of market and planning. Accordingly, it is put forward that editors should adaptively develop the sci-tech periodicals on the basis of the features of attributes and combining the merits of attributes.


symptoms. Biopsy was performed for LTD >2 cm. Outcome measures included progression-free survival (PFS) and metastasisfree survival (MFS). RESULTS: Of 127 SRM patients (143 tumors) with no prior RCC history and >3 months follow up, 4 met progression criteria at presentation and were recommended treatment. All remaining 123 SRM patients (median LTD 2.2, range 0.9-3.9 cm) were managed with AS. Over a median follow up was 31 (range 6-68) months, 36 (29%) AS patients met >/[1 progression criterion, leading to treatment conversion in most cases (28 resection, 1 ablation). 3-year PFS and MFS rates were 70% and 100%, respectively; lower PFS rates were associated with initial LTD (84% for <2 cm, 75% for 2.1-3 cm, 49% for >3cm) and clear cell RCC biopsy histology (43%) (Figure). Resected tumors were enriched for adverse pathology (64% high grade and/or pT3a) and malignant histology (100% RCC). Only 1 (1%) non-progressing patient converted to treatment (anxiety). CONCLUSIONS: Universal AS using specific clinical progression criteria allows treatment avoidance for many SRM patients (particularly if LTD <3 cm), and improves identification of more aggressive tumors for treatment selection. Longer follow up is needed to assess the durability and oncologic safety of universal AS for SRM patients.


J. W. Goldzieher has three concerns regarding a 1990 Danish case-control study on the use of oral contraceptives and cerebral thromboembolism. First Goldzieher believes the inclusion of transient cerebral ischemia and subarachnoid hemorrhage neither of which have a thrombotic pathogenesis confounds the diagnostic entity. Five diagnoses were included: ICD 432 to 436 (International Classification of Diseases Eighth Revision). Subarachnoidal hemorrhage (ICD 430) is not among these. Cerebral apoplexia (ICD 436) includes 80-85% of thrombotic cases (known from autopsy cases); the inclusion of 98 patients with these unspecified strokes including cerebral hemorrhages may have underestimated the calculated odds ratios marginally. Since the calculated odds ratios for transient cerebral ischemia and for ischemic strokes were identical the inclusion of transient cerebral ischemic attacks in the Danish study did not influence the calculated odds ratios. Second Goldzieher was concerned that a subject was classified as a nonuser of oral contraceptives if she had not used them for greater than or equal to 1 day preceding the cerebral episode. Women in the study were considered users if they used oral contraceptives at the time of thrombosis and nonusers if they did not. Third Goldzieher claims the overriding problem with forming conclusions from the study in regard to dose relationships is the failure of the authors to understand that ethinyl estradiol and mestranol are not bioequivalent. During the study period (1985-1990) in Denmark 50 mcg of mestranol was found in two brands of oral contraceptives. These brands accounted for 3% of sales and were included in the group of middle estrogen (50 mcg) pills on the assumption that all mestranol is converted to ethinyl estradiol. If some mestranol was eliminated without conversion the middle estrogens included a small number of miniestrogen (30-40 mcg) preparations. In light of their small share of the market this bias does not influence the calculated risks substantially. The difference in risk would have been greater if they had been included with the miniestrogen group; the safety of the miniestrogen group may be underestimated. Many investigators have found a consistent dose-response relationship between estrogen dose and risk of thrombosis.


Research background: The actual position of a country in the international division of labour is determined by the competitiveness of its trade, the structure of which may both reveal and perpetuate the comparative advantages possessed. This is particularly true for Dutch disease economies such as Russia. Recently, economic literature has seen a growing interest in the topic of Russia's economic relations with the European Union and China. This article is meant to be the author's contribution to this discussion. Purposes of the article: (1) to discuss the existing trade interdependence between Russia and EU28, and Russia and China; (2) to try to assess the extent to which the current structure of Russian trade with these two partners corresponds with the competitiveness of the Russian economy. Methodology/methods: An in-depth analysis of Russia-EU28 and Russia-China trade interdependencies in 2007-2015 has been conducted, with emphasis on the categories of goods within the spectrum from low-tech to high-tech, according to the OECD classification. Furthermore, in order to analyse Russia's competitive profile with regard to the same categories of goods, Balassa's methodology of revealed comparative advantages has been applied. Findings & Value added: In the recent years, a growing importance of China in Russian trade can be observed, being the effect of dynamic growth of Chinese economy, cooling political relations between Moscow and Brussels and the drop in petroleum prices in international markets. Sadly, the existing structure of Russian trade with EU28 and China seems likely to preserve its traditional competitive advantages in the medium-low-tech goods and petroleum, which, in turn, will only further exacerbate the negative effects of the so-called Dutch disease affecting the Russian economy.


Communication between man and machine is a challenging subject. In general, the communication between man and machine is done with rigid language (inhuman). Many scientists are trying to create a way of communication between humans and machines charmer, more personal and interactive. This paper presents the results of research work that implements interactive communication between humans and machines (robots). Communication becomes more personal by using face detection to the speaker (human). Communication is also done with more interactive by adding the ability for robots to communicate using Indonesian language. We utilize the NAO robot as a machine that can interact with humans. We employ speech Engine System consisted of Speech to Text, dialog machine, and Text to Speech which make NAO Robot can speak and understand simple human speech in Indonesian Language. The resulted system was able to perform face detection continuously on angles of range between 0° and 30°, detect human speech accurately by 80.45%, and give response to human speech appropriately by 47.58%.


Ellul and Winner chronologically expounded the viewpoints of "Efficiency" essence of technology and the viewpoints of "Political" essence of technology.They separately revealed the significant influence of technology on the human economic and social life,however,they both ignored the effects in other social fields.There are similarities and differences on the aspects of understanding of technology,technological autonomy,the criticism of technology,the relationship of technical and political between the viewpoints of essence of technology of Ellul and Winner,with the source of the their similarities and differences;.We must follow two principles to establish the correct viewpoints of essence of technology: First,we must strictly distinguish between the technology and technical materials,technical activities and non-technical activities.The second is to persist the technical nature of the "people",to reveal the "personal" nature of the technology.


Here we report the effect of Indium tin oxide (ITO) surface structure on the formation of self assembled monolayers (SAM) derived from phosphonohexadecanoic acid with regard to coverage and stability by comparing 2 different ITO surfaces. To ascertain the extent of defects and stability, the electropolymerisation of diaminobenzene onto the monolayer modified ITO surfaces at defect sites and regions where phosphonohexadecanoic acid was poorly bonded. These surfaces were investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM), electrochemistry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).


Plant stresses considerably increasing due to changing environmental conditions. This study aims to classify plant stresses using a hybrid convolutional neural network and support vector machine. This study used soybean leaf images with identified plant stresses in model training, testing, and validation activities. The results show that the hybrid model achieves an overall accuracy of 98.02%. This study found that the model is suitable for plant stress classification. This work contributes by providing a hybrid model that can potentially perform in a smart agriculture environment. This study presents some studies to extend their contribution.


The crisis of petroleum-based fuels, global warming and the environment is a major issue the world today. The presence of biodiesel as an alternative fuel raises concerns associated with increased residual excessive fuel, increased acidity, oxidation, and corrosion. The main objective of this study was to observe the corrosion behaviour of the mild steel immersed in J50C50 biodiesel-diesel fuel blends in the period up to 800 hours at ambient temperature. The results showed that the corrosion rate at 800 hours immersion are 0.0103, 0.0044, 0.0117, 0.0155, 0.2283 and 0.02524 mm/year, respectively for B0, B10, B20, B30, B40 and B50. Mild steel coupon surface observation using SEM showed corrosion attacks are characterized by round holes on the metal surface. The addition of J50C50 biodiesel into diesel fuel caused increase of corrosion rate and total acid number. Overall, corrosion observations conducted on mild steel show that J50C50 biodiesel-diesel fuel blend is more corrosive compare to diesel fuel.


This paper explores the most significant causes of excusable and compensable delays in the construction of building projects in the States of Selangor and Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia. Data is collected from questionnaire survey which is based on the literature reviews and also provisions in the 'Persatuan Akitek Malaysia" (PAM 1998) standard form of building contract that are associated with the excusable and compensable delays. The data were analysed by using mean score method and rank to formulate the findings.The result from questionnaire survey revealed four most significant causes of excusable and compensable delays which are : 'delays due to architect instruction', delays due to late information given to contractor', 'delays on the part of nominated sub contractor or supplier', and 'delays due to failure of the employer to provide access to site'.The finding suggest that clearly define design brief and also a full understanding of roles and responsibilities between the client and consultant during the early stage of the project development may help to minimise the delays in the construction of building projects.


NiCr/Cr3C2 coating was prepared on P91 steel by subsonic flame spraying process.The hot corrosion tests of the coated samples were conducted in 80%Na2SO4 + 10%K2SO4 + 10%KCl molten salts at 600,650 and 700 ℃,respectively.The surface morphology and microstructures of corroded samples were examined by XRD and SEM.It is shown that the the corrosion products spall from sample surface on a large scale,which lead to mass loss during the tests.Especially,mass loss is accelerated when the samples are tested at 700 ℃.After oxidation the corroded products on the samples surface are mainly composed of Ni3S2 and Cr2O3.Sulfides layer is observed at the interface of substrate/coating,which resultes in weak-bonding interface and lead to corrosion products spalled from smaple surface during hot corrosion.


This paper introduces the history and status quo of semi-submersible cargo vessel self developed in MARIC focusing on the general design technology; moreover,a case study to the 30,000t semi-submersible cargo vessel is carried out.


There are demons in the works of the Web, and earlier this year a forum was held in Canberra to discuss growing problems associated with publishing government documents and reports online. It generated great interest, and, as this report demonstrates, highlighted significant problems now facing anyone publishing online. The Digital Amnesia Forum was organised to discuss and identify issues relating to digital government publications and was requested by the Peak Bodies Forum of Australasia's peak library organisations, which had identified significant issues facing the Australian library sector, and developed a national plan of action. Over 150 participants from Australian states and territories and New Zealand attended this seminar, held by the Australian Library and Information Association (ALIA) and sponsored by the National Library of Australia and the National Archives of Australia, on Thursday 21st April 2005.


Sodium-assisted self-assembly of two nickel(II) Schiff base complexes under similar reaction conditions yield hetero-metallic compounds [{Ni(salpn)}2Na(ClO4)] (1) and [{Ni(salpr)}3Na][Ni(salpr)]2ClO4·2H2O (2) (where salpn = N,N′-bis-(salicylidene)-1,3-diaminopropane and salpr = N,N′-bis-(salicylidene)-1,2-diaminopropane). Both have been characterized by physico-chemical techniques and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Crystal structure reveals that in the tri-metallic system of 1 sodium is sandwiched between two [Ni(salpn)] units while the hexametallic system of 2 consists of tetrametallic cluster ion [{Ni(salpr)}3Na]+ with encapsulated sodium by three [Ni(salpr)] units. In both complexes, sodium adopts distorted trigonal prismatic geometry leaving nickel(II) in a distorted square-planar environment. Structural characterization also reveals that 2 : 1 (for 1) and 3 : 1 (for 2) self-assemblies of metallo-ligand and sodium were achieved with slight variation in ligand backbone.


The Indian meal-moth (Plodia interpunctella Hiibner) is a world-wide pest which infests a very wide range of stored products. It constitutes a serious threat to grains, seeds and various other human food stores (Williams 1964; Reyes 1969). A lot of work has been done on its biology, but very little on the dynamics of its populations. Snyman (1949) did some work on the effects of densities on the development of this moth and Takahashi (1957) mentioned some results which he obtained with a continuous system which also included the ichneumonid parasite Nemeritis canescens (Gravenhorst). Very little is known about the dynamic processes operating on the populations of this insect and much more needs to be done before a detailed study of the natural populations can be carried out. This is clearly shown in a recent review (Benson 1973) which summarizes the present knowledge of the biology of Lepidoptera infesting stored products, with special reference to population dynamics. The present study adds more information to the knowledge and understanding of the processes involved. This knowledge may be helpful later to control the populations below the economic threshold. The study was in two parts. The first included controlled experiments in which some effects of intraspecific competition among the larvae of the host were analysed together with the effects of this competition on the ichneumonid parasite N. canescens, which is one of the most important parasites of the moth. Nemeritis is a thelytokous, solitary, internal parasite of larvae of several species of flour moths. Much work has already been done on its biology and behaviour, usually in relation to Ephestia species as hosts (e.g. Ahmed 1936; Takahashi 1961; Corbet & Rotheram 1965; Corbet 1971; Hassell 1971). The second part of the study will be reported later (Podoler 1974) and includes analysis of a continuous host-parasite system.


In this study Fe3O4-ZnO and GO-Fe3O4-ZnO are synthesized as photocatalysis for decomposition of of methyl orange (MO) as organic dye pollutant model. The XRD results show that the prepared nanocomposites contain the modified GO with cubic structure of Fe3O4 and hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnO nanoparticles. The photocatalytic results show that the degradation of MO using both of the synthesized photocatalysts enhances with respect to the time and weight fraction. The removal efficiency of MO using GO-Fe3O4-ZnO at each concentration and irradiation time is more than that of Fe3O4-ZnO.


The author identifies the development, implementation and outcomes of a task subgroup model of management that provides a mechanism for shared leadership, planning, decision making, implementation and evaluation by staff, patients and families on a program level. The conceptual model and its operationalization are outlined within the context of the rehabilitation program at the Providence Centre in Scarborough, Ontario.


Abstract Caches, data path, and burst transfer memory are the major hardware techniques used to reduce the latency between the processor and the main memory. We explore the design space among the hit ratio (hence a cache size, or an improved cache structure), data path width, and the transfer memory design through a performance tradeoff methodology. For the tradeoffs among these three factors, our evaluation shows that if a D‐byte data path system and a 2D‐byte data path system have the same performance, then the hit ratio difference that trades the performance of a D‐byte wide data path is between 0 (low bound) and 1‐HR (high bound) where HR is the hit ratio associated with the D‐byte system. For current main memory systems, doubling the data path trades about half of the high bound of the hit ratio traded in a transfer‐time dominated system. Doubling the data bus is more advantageous when the processor is designed with the use of a high‐speed non‐constant‐time‐dominated L2 cache. Doubling the bus width ...


Interest in the impact of stress on employees has traditionally focused on factors occurring in the workplace. Whilst this is valid, stress has many sources not least of which are life events such as divorce, bereavement and relocation. The impact can erode individual productivity and ultimately organisational effectiveness. The employee assistance programme (EAP) is emerging as a positive and constructive response by employers to help employees manage and resolve work and personal conflicts, pressures and problems. Originating in America in the early 1960s, the EAP first appeared in the UK when the Employee Advisory Resource (EAR) was developed in 1981. EAR marked the beginning of a new strategy in human resource management which has been refined and applied to an increasing number of blue chip companies in the UK. The EAP is here to stay and many different models exist. The Employee Advisory Resource has a nine‐year track record of application and shows how the availability of counselling through an EAP...


In this paper, the paper, the principle of the energy-saving shaft bracket (ESSB) for multi-screw ships and the results of model self-propulsion tests for two types of ship, namely a twin-screw oceangraphical ship and a tri-screw high speed craft, installed respectively with the ESSBs and with the conventional shaft brackets are described briefly. The test results show that the energy saving at same speed will amount to 11.9% for the oceanographical ship and 6.5% for the high speed craft.


This article proposes a new online voltage scaling (VS) technique for battery-powered embedded systems with real-time constraints. The VS technique takes into account the execution times and discharge currents of tasks to further reduce the battery charge consumption when compared to the recently reported slack forwarding technique [Ahmed and Chakrabarti 2004], while maintaining low online complexity of O(1). Furthermore, we investigate the impact of online rescheduling and remapping on the battery charge consumption for tasks with data dependency which has not been explicitly addressed in the literature and propose a novel rescheduling/remapping technique. Finally, we take leakage power into consideration and extend the proposed online techniques to include adaptive body biasing (ABB) which is used to reduce the leakage power. We demonstrate and compare the efficiency of the presented techniques using seven real-life benchmarks and numerous automatically generated examples.


In this study, the density of dormitories was manipulated to study the effects of density on social climate, interpersonal relations, and physiological responses. One hundred and fifteen male residents, 14 to 18 years old, were assigned to two dormitories of a large correctional institution in which density levels were systematically varied over 6-week periods. The design allowed exploration of social and spatial aspects of density. The effects of high and low density were assessed over a 6-month period using Moos' Correctional Institutions Environment Scale, a sociometric measure of the dorm, ratings by teachers, and bi-weekly measures of blood pressure. The MANACOVA results indicated that there were significant effects for social density, spatial density, and the interaction of spatial and social density. No effects for blood pressure were found. The results were congruent with Baum, Harpin, and Valins' control model and Altman's stimulus reduction model.


It can be concluded from all kinds of chaos — jurisdiction is forced by other powers in the field of power that it is the misuse of power of some authorities that leads to such negative phenomenon as jurisdiction misuse,judicial corruption and judicial unjustness,etc. So,it should be the important measures to raise the power holders' sense of morality,the power executors' sense of norms and the power misusers' sense of responsibility to clean the field of power,let power be power,and restore order.


Because of the oil chamber of the traditional hydrostatic guideway only has one oil outlet, which is easy to concentrate the pressure of the oil chamber at the outlet, leading to non-uniform pressure distribution. Hence, the objective of this study is to design a uniform pressure distribution of hydrostatic guideway. In the design process, the configuration results of the guideway obtained by the analysis of pressure distribution for single chamber and chamber combination. The optimum parameters of each chamber have been determined by using HTGA/Gray approach. This approach will be more robust, stability, and quickly convergent than Taguchi and GA approaches. Furthermore, this study discusses dynamic behavior of the designed guideway and the referenced guideway under external load. Finally, the optimization results clearly indicate that the optimized guideway has better performance than the referenced guideway. And the experimental results are used to verify the feasibility and the practicality of this study.


Aimed at investigating influence of hypoxic hypoxia of different duration on haemostatic system state, the assessment of coagulogram in 152 Vistar rats 1 and 3 hours after single «lifting» to the height of 5500 m over sea level in pressure chamber and after daily 3 hours during 7 and 30 days. Activating influence of single hypoxic xypoxia was on hemostasis was revealed. While in-creasing duration of single impact, activation hemostatic system increased and anticoagulant and fibrinolytic properties of blood plasma decreased. According to the coagulogram data, prethrombotic changes developed in the form of coagulation activation, thrombocytes intake, decreased anti-thrombin III level and fibrinolytic activity on the 7-th day of hypoxia. On the 30-th day, de-creased hemostatic activity with increasing anticoagulant plasma blood reserve and restorating fibrinolytic activity.


Long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) TNK2 AS1 is a noncoding RNA with the capability of affecting microRNAs (miRNAs) levels and gene expression. The study was designed to investigate the mechanism of TNK2 AS1 in gastric cancer.


The entire hardware and software of this detecting system are introduced in detail.Based on theories and characteristics of sensors,a way of using optical fiber sensor is designed.Considering the capability and price,the measure-using reflection type infrared sensor is improved.Using AVR series MCU and the chip(MC1413) for drive circuit.For the convenience of spot program debugging and the communication with console of the workshop,ISP download interface and RS 232 serial port are given.It proves that the system has good effect of detection.


The purpose of remote sensing data remote backup is to achieve the dynamic remote sensing data backup and rapid recovery,to ensure the security of remote sensing data storage and reliable access.Task management is one of core technologies of remote sensing data remote-backup.Through analysing the tasks involved in remote backup of remote sensing data,this paper proposed a task management program,and then discussed this program in detail from the task creation,task running,human-computer interaction,exception handling,the last remote sensing data remote backup task management subsystem was carried out based on this program.


Objective To investigate the relationship btween newborns with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy(HIE) and perinatal unfavourable factors.Methods The clinical data of 43 infants with HIE proved by cranial computer tomography(CT) were analyzed retrospsectively.Results Incidence of HIE is higher in the full term infants than that in preterm infants and posterm infants;the infant′s condition is serious for very low birth weight infants macrosomia and some infants with respiratory distress in uterus deliered through the vagin;The lower Apgar score the seriously expression in CT.It is important to score on the fifth minute after parturition for judying prognosis.Conclution It is very important to correct judge and treat perinatal unfavourable factors,to make correct cardiopulmonary resustion of newborn asphyxia immediately.


Spline collocation methods can be used to solve Volterra integro-differential equations with weakly singular kernels. In order to obtain optimal convergence behavior, collocation on suitably graded meshes was considered by H. Brunner [1]. This work extends his results to more practical values of the grading exponent


1 Most studies of salt marsh plant zonation have been at middle to high latitudes of the northern hemisphere, in euhaline or periodically hypersaline marshes with regular tides. In this study, we examined plant zonation in an irregularly flooded marsh in southern Brazil. Pore water characteristics were compared in four vegetation zones across a marsh elevation gradient. Reciprocal transplants between vegetation zones and removal experiments were performed to examine species interactions in low and mid marshes. 2 There was no distinctive gradient of physical stress across the elevation of irregularly flooded low and mid marshes. Moreover, the three dominant plants, Spartina alterniflora, Spartina densiflora and Scirpus maritimus, were able to grow across the entire elevation gradient, i.e. within zones normally occupied by the other species. The only exception was Spartina alterniflora, which was strongly limited by selective herbivory by the crab Chasmagnathus granulata in the Scirpus maritimus zone. 3 Although intra‐ and interspecific competition reduced growth of all three species, no competitive hierarchy was found in any vegetation zone. 4 These results suggest that, as in tidal marshes of the north hemisphere, competition is important in structuring salt marsh plant communities. In contrast, however, plant zonation in irregularly flooded marshes cannot be explained by displacement of competitive subordinates to physically stressful habitats. The roles of founder effects and selective herbivory in such marshes therefore merits further investigation.


Abstract.
 Intra- and interspecific variation and ontogenetic changes in various shell characters of the Late Cretaceous desmoceratine ammonoid "Damesites" are described, and their taxonomic implications are discussed based on specimens from the Cretaceous Yezo Group in Hokkaido and Sakhalin. Our study reveals that many "diagnostic" features (e. g., appearance of longitudinal striations, height of ribbing, regularity of ribbing as well as constriction curvature) and early internal shell structures, are in fact inappropriate as diagnostic features of "Damesites" morphotypes. In contrast, ontogenetic changes in shell ornament, curvature of growth lines and whorl expansion ratio are herein demonstrated to be key characters for species recognition and reconstructing the phylogenetic relationships of the taxa of the subfamily Desmoceratinae. Based on these results, previously described "Damesites" species from the uppermost Turonian-lower Campanian interval should be reclassified into three groups. "Damesites damesi," "D. damesi intermedius," "D. semicostatus," and "D. laticarinatus" are assigned to the first group. "D. ainuanus" and "Damesites sp." are assigned to the second group. "D. sugata" from the Yezo Group represents the third group. Furthermore, analysis of ontogenetic changes in shell ornament, curvature of growth lines, and whorl expansion ratio suggests that the second and third groups together belong to a different evolutionary lineage from the first group.


We describe a method and device ( 66 (max. 73) nocturnal migratory flights (29 flights in autumn and > 37, max. 44, in spring) adding up to a total of > 434 (max. 495) flight hours. Migratory flights lasted on average 6.6 h with maximum 15.9 h. These flights were aggregated into eight travel episodes (periods of 4-11 nights when flights took place on the majority of nights). Daytime resting levels were much higher during the winter period compared to breeding and final part of spring migration. Daytime resting showed peaks during days between successive nocturnal flights across Sahara, continental Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, indicating that the bird was mostly sleeping between these long migratory flights. Annual activity and flight data for free-living songbirds will open up many new research possibilities. Main topics that can be addressed are e.g. migratory flight performance (total flight investment, numbers and characteristics of flights), timing of stationary periods, activity patterns (resting/sleep, activity level) in different phases of the annual cycle and variability in the annual activity patterns between and within individuals. (Less)


Aim: Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world and its incidence is rapidly increasing. Currently, several new treatment strategies that target specific signaling pathways as well as immunotherapy are being explored for prostate cancer. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the frequency and clinicopathologic features associated with Notch1 gene expression using immunohistochemistry and real-time-polymerase chain reaction in patients with prostate cancer. Methods: This research was planned as a cohort study. Tissue samples of 60 patients with prostate cancer and 20 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia were selected from the archives. Twenty patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia were used as the control group. The relative expression levels of Notch1 gene were determined by real-time-polymerase chain reaction while Notch1 protein expression was analyzed using immunohistochemistry. Results: We found Notch1 gene expression at a significant level in 17 (28.3%) of 60 patients with prostate carcinoma. We found a significant correlation between high Gleason scores (P=0.007), high ISUP (International Society of Urologic Pathologists) grade group scores (P=0.008) and high prostate-specific antigen levels (P=0.018) for Notch1 gene expression. Conclusions: We conclude that Notch1 is important in prostate carcinogenesis. Therefore, determining Notch1 will be an essential step in targeted therapies in patients with prostate carcinoma.


Assessment of clinical performance in experiential training programmes relies heavily on judgements made by individual assessors and these may be influenced by socio-cultural factors. Workplacebased assessment (WBA) has been used increasingly to assess clinical competence and performance in health care professionals, but is subject to an inherent problem of reliability associated with subjective bias in connection with interand intra-observer variability.


The cis·[CoCI(pn),A]"+ [pn = I, 2-diaminopropane; A = pyridine (py), imidazole (imH) and benzimidazole (b%mH)]have been isolated as theirdiperchlorate salts and characterized by analytical, UV, visible, IR and PMR data. Rates and activation parameters for spontaneous and mercury(In-cataIy:ted aguation of these complexes are reported. A comparison with analogous data for the corresponding ethylenediamine complexes shows that C-alkylation causes small but measurable rate acceleration in both spontaneous and Hg(ID-catalyzed aquation paths; hence the dissociative mechanism (/d) is supported. Negative values of the activation entropies also are suggestive of the fact that the complex cations resist rearrangement from the tetragonal geometry when CIor HgCI+ groups depart from the cobalt(IIn centre. Base hydrolysis of the pyridine complex obeys second order kinetics with kOH(25°q = 363 dm' mol-l sec-l (1 = 0.3 mol dmr "), 60Ht = 80.2 ± 0.6 kJ mol"? and 6oS:j: = 73.5±2.0 JK-l mol-I. Base hydrolyses of the imidazole and benzlmjdazole complexes, however, exhibit less than first order dependence on [OH-] in the pH ranges 8.6-10.6 and 7.11-9.37 (30.0-39.3°C, 1 = 0.3 mQI dm-") respectively which is ascribed to cobalt(IInpromoted NH-deprotonation of imidazole and benzlmldazole, At 30°C, 1 = 0.3 mol dm"? pKNH = 10.21±0.03 and 8.30±0.04 for cis-[CoCI(pn),(imH)]2+ and cis-[CoCI(pn),.)bxmH]'+ respectively. Rate comparison shows that the conjugate bases cis-[CoCI(pn).(im or bzn)]+ undergo substitution of chloride by H20 _10' times faster than their conjugate acid analogues. Considerably high negative values of 60 S:j: suggest that these conjugate bases most likely undergo aquatlon with retention of stereochemistry. The observed order for the aquatlon of imidazole and benzimidazole complexes and their conjugate bases [kaq (bzmh) > kaq (imH) and k;~ (bzm) < k~~ (im)] substantiates our earlier views that out of the steric and electronic displacement properties of im" and bZmthe latter is the most dominant factor which controls the Iabillzing action of these Iigands.


Abstract Cationic collectors adsorb physically on the surfaces of oxide minerals. The behaviour of dehydroabietylamine, a primary amine with a complex ring structure, supports this general statement.Specially prepared dehydroabietylamine acetate was supplied by the Hercules Powder Company for investigation. Adsorption tests at near-neutral and slightly basic pH values indicate that in the lower concentration range the amount adsorbed varies linearly with the concentration of the solution. The reversibility of the process was tested by removing most of the monolayer from the silica in near-neutral solutions. Up to the monolayer capacity hematite and quartz behaved very similarly in near-neutral solutions, but this capacity increased appreciably in favour of silica when the pH of solution was adjusted to values above 8.Adsorption values for hematite increased suddenly between pH 7 .5 and pH 8.5 but remained reasonably constant afterwards. At the same time adsorption values for quartz increased sharply only ...


Water catchment area is basically not to be exploited excessively. It will turn soil into faults which won't be able to hold rain water. Thus, soil which was categorized as fertile turned into arid land and its nutrients content decreased. Forests and water catchment damage potentials areas in Majalengka increased rapidly, in line with the medium-long term development plan. This research aimed to map the water catchment in Majalengka. The research was conducted in Majalengka from February to March 2018. The method used in the study was a survey with technical implementation of map overlaying and scoring using a Geographic Information System (GIS). The data used were secondary data. The data used were the Map of Land Use, Map of Precipitation 2013-2017, Map of Soil Texture, Map of Land Slope and Spatial Planning and Administration (RTRW) of Majalengka 2011-2031 Majalengka Regency 2011-2031. The results showed that Majalengka has three suitability classes of water catchment area, which are quite suitable, less suitable and not suitable. The suitability classes of water catchment area in Majalengka is as follows: (a) 39739.92 ha of quite suitable class, (b) 66233.30 ha of less suitable class and (c) 14450.88 ha of not suitable class.


Saving time of readers is the goal of modernized management of library.This paper points out that the library should use so many ways to save the limited reading time of readers through its effective management and adopting some effective measures.


Objective:To develop gold immunochromatography assay for simultaneously rapid detection of aflatoxin B1(AFB1) and ochratoxinA(OA).Methods:Synthetic antigen OVA-AFB1,OVA-OA and anti-AFB1 monoclonal antibody,anti-OA monoclonal antibody were used as raw material,nitrocellulose membrane and glass fiber paper as a carrier to produce a mycotoxins test strip which can detect AFB1 and OA.Results:The results showed that the test strip can simultaneously detect AFB1 and OA,and there's no interference AFB1 and OA,the sensitivity of the test strip can reach 2.5 μg/L.Conclusion:A mycotoxins test strip which can simultaneously detect two kinds of fungi toxins was successfully produced,which was featured with one operation could detect both toxins to save test time and cost.


The Linchang Paleolithic site,buried in the second terrace of the Hongqi River,is located in the forestry center of the Shirengou village,Helong City,Jilin Province. The site excavation,which occurred in August - September 2007,exposed an area of some 69 m2. Nine stratigraphic layers of the second terrace were identified at the site,with the total thickness of about 2 meters. Stone artifacts ( n = 116) were unearthed,86 from layers 3 and 4, and 30 from the surface. The stone artifacts include cores ( n = 1),flakes ( n = 42),microblades ( n = 8),used flakes (n = 5),chunks ( n = 20),debris ( n = 31) and retouched tools ( n = 8). The general features of these stone artifacts are summarized as follows: 1)Obsidian is the major raw material used,constituting 97. 42% of the assemblage; a small amount of slate and tuff constituting 1. 72% and 0. 86% were utilized. 2) Most stone artifacts were small in size,followed by medium - sized.3) Most blanks for tool fabrication were flakes (98. 62% ),followed by cores. 4) Modified tools appeared to be retouched by hard hammer percussion,followed by soft hammer percussion and pressure techniques. Tools were generally retouched on the dorsal surface. 5) Microblades accounted for 6. 91% of the stone artifacts; all were broken. According to the characteristics of the stone artifacts,it can be inferred that this site showed close ties with the Upper Paleolithic Microblade Industry. The authors suggest that this site is probably a temporary camp for Upper Paleolithic humans.


We study the well-posedness and approximate controllability problem for a class of nonlinear two species system with age-structure.The conditions for the approximate controllability are obtained by means of Banach's fixed-point theorem.


This record contains unverified, old data from caption card.
Ostendorf, no. 116-D.
Meserve, no. 97-A (Version of #97, touched up to highlight pencil and glasses)
Similar to portrait published in: Lincoln's photographs: a complete album / by Lloyd Ostendorf. Dayton, OH: Rockywood Press, 1998, p. 226.


During large DSP systems on chip design, one of the most important demand is assigned to fast and efficient testability as well as the ability of defect diagnostics. This is very important considering expenses and time consumption needed for circuit design and potential design faults allocation. This paper presents an original practical testing problem solution in a specific application DSP chain dedicated for integrated power-meter, that benefits BIST and scan testing and faults allocation techniques in a digital circuits. Practical application of the proposed solution is confirmed by VHDL simulations.


A water-soluble epoxy resin and hardener system for gelcasting of ceramics was developed. Polymerization of the system is a nucleophilic addition reaction, and not affected by oxygen. Therefore, this gelcasting system can be carried out in an air atmosphere. The ceramic slurries were prepared by mixing the aqueous premix solution of epoxy resin with alumina powder and dispersant. For cross-linking, a polyamine hardener was added. Both the rheological properties of the slurries and the gelling behaviors of the aqueous premix solutions were evaluated. The slurry with a solid loading of 80 wt% is optimized for gelcasting. The flexural strength of the sintered ceramics is 335±47 MPa with 98% of theoretical density.


The increasing the sustainability of the national economy during special period is one of the key elements of the state defense policy. Therefore, this article explores the directions of developing state policy and the regulation of its monitoring, forecasting, planning, control, economic, legal and institutional management.


While modem science has made important contributions to the advance of learning, Hume has pointed out that a crucial element of its methodology is seriously flawed. His analysis concluded that there is no rational justification for inductive reasoning. Viewed from another perspective, the point of Hume's criticism would seem to be that the scientist's faith in the order of nature is without any ground in nature. Whitehead found Hume's analysis to be profoundly unsettling be cause it leads to such utter skepticism. Whitehead believed the key to induction is to be found in the right understanding of the immediate occasion of knowledge in its full concreteness. If one turns to exper ience in all of its fullness, then it will be seen that Hume's analysis deals only in abstract considerations and not in the concrete occasions of experience. By returning to the immediate occasion of experience Whitehead believed that the essential relatedness of nature will be discovered. It is this relatedness, which is discovered in our pre-analytic knowledge, that provides the ground for our faith in the order of nature and justifies inductive reasoning.


The three cases reported herein were operated on at the Pres byterian Hospital. I can never convey an adequate idea of the relief to the operator offered by the method of hemostasis by forcipressure on the broad ligaments over that of ligatures. I think no one can fully appreciate the untold superiority of the former method over the latter till he has had experience in the per formance of that operation under both methods. Case i.—Mrs. S.,aet. 47, mother of nine children, always well, presented herself February 1, 1887, with epithelioma of the cer vix uteri. It did not involve the vault of the vagina. The broad ligaments did not seem to be thickened. Mobility of the uterus was complete. After preparatory treatment with a daily laxative and diuretic for a week, the operation was performed on Febru ary 8, 1887. The cervix was easily drawn down to the vulvar orifice and, with scissors, its vaginal attachment was divided. Strong adhe sions to the bladder and rectum were found, and in consequence thereof, the rectum was opened in one place and the bladder in two places in the process of freeing the uterus from these two organs. After the two broad ligaments were sufficiently isolated and the fundus was turned backwards and brought down, the left broad ligament was first penetrated and divided into two sections with heavy ligatures, and tied as secure ly as hands could tie them. It was then severed as closely to the corpus uteri as possible, and the whole organ came out of


AIMS
To assess whether parental substance use disorder (SUD) is associated with lower cognitive ability in offspring, and whether the association is independent of shared genetic factors.

DESIGN
A population family-based cohort study utilizing national Swedish registries. Linear regression with increased adjustment of covariates was performed in the full population. In addition, the mechanism of the association was investigated with children-of-sibling analyses using fixed-effects regression with three types of sibling-parents with increasing genetic relatedness (half-siblings, full siblings and monozygotic twins).

SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS
A total of 3,004,401 people born in Sweden between 1951 and 1998.

MEASUREMENTS
The exposure variable was parental SUD, operationalized as having a parent with lifetime SUD diagnosis or substance related criminal conviction in the National Patient Register or Crime Register, respectively. Outcomes were cognitive test score at military conscription and final high school grades. Covariates included in the analyses were sex, birth year, parental education, parental migration status and parental psychiatric co-morbid diagnoses.

FINDINGS
In the full population, parental SUD was associated with decreased cognitive test stanine scores at conscription (4.56 [4.55 - 4.57]) and lower z-standardized high school grades (-0.43 [-0.43 - -0.42]) compared to people with no parental SUD (Cognitive test: 5.17 [5.17-5.18]; Grades: 0.09 [0.08-0.09]). There was evidence of a dose-response relationship, in that having two parents with SUD (Cognitive test: 4.17 [4.15-4.20]; Grades: -0.83 [-0.84 - -0.82]) was associated with even lower cognitive ability than having one parent with SUD (Cognitive test: 4.60 [4.59-4.60]; Grades: -0.38 [-0.39 - -0.38]). In the children-of-siblings analyses when accounting for genetic relatedness, these negative associations were attenuated, suggestive of shared underlying genetic factors.

CONCLUSIONS
There appear to be shared genetic factors between parental substance use disorder (SUD) and offspring cognitive function, suggesting that cognitive deficits may constitute a genetically transmitted risk factor in SUD.


Causal concepts play a crucial role in many reasoning tasks. Organised as a model revealing the causal structure of a domain, they can guide inference through relevant knowledge. This is an especially difficult kind of knowledge to acquire, so some methods for automating the induction of causal models from data have been put forth. Here we review those that have a graph representation. Most work has been done on the problem of recovering belief nets from data but some extensions are appearing that claim to exhibit a true causal semantics. We will review the analogies between belief networks and "true" causal networks and to what extent methods for learning belief networks can be used in learning causal representations. Some new results in recovering possibilistic causal networks will also be presented.


In this paper development of the photography from its appearance until the end of the 19th century is described and analyzed. Specifically the technical development of photography of that time, the development of art photography of the 19th century and photography in the 19th century in Croatia is analyzed. Technical specifications of the photographic system in the 19th century determined the photographic art of that time very much, but, also, in that time appear authors who have set up some settings of modern photography and the first photographic styles appeared as well. In Croatia, the photography appeared practically simultaneously with its invention and was largely, through the work of the first photographers, under the influence of Viennese and Italian schools. The very end of the 19th century in Croatia represents the time of serious beginnings of the art photography.


Born-Infeld nonlinear electrodynamics arises naturally as a field theory description of the dynamics of strings and branes. Most analyses of this theory have been limited to studying it as a classical field theory. We quantize this theory on a Euclidean 4-dimensional space-time lattice and determine its properties using Monte Carlo simulations. The electromagnetic field around a static point charge is measured using Luescher-Weisz methods to overcome the sign problem associated with the introduction of this charge. The D field appears identical to that of Maxwell QED. However, the E field is enhanced by quantum fluctuations, while still showing the short-distance screening observed in the classical theory. In addition, whereas for the classical theory, the screening increases without bound as the nonlinearity increases, the quantum theory approaches a limiting conformal field theory.


Magnetoelastic sensors exhibit a characteristic resonance frequency upon the application of an alternating magnetic field. In this research, magnetoelastic material was fabricated into micro-sized sensors coated with JRB7 phages to specifically detect Bacillus anthracis spores. Research had shown that the sensor's resonant frequency decreases linearly as its mass increases. As spores are captured, the mass increases. A high mass-sensitivity of up to 7.5 Hz/pg allowed this sensor's use in applications requiring accurate sensing of a very low concentration of B. anthracis spores. A B. anthracis spore weighs about 2 picograms. Two different sizes of sensors, 2000×400 μm and 1000×200 μm, were used in this study. The resonant frequency and the sensitivity of the sensors were found to vary under different magnitudes of DC biasing magnetic field. It was found that both the resonant frequency and the Q-value of the sensed signal increase with an increase of the magnitude of the DC magnetic field until they approach magnetic saturation. As the magnetic field was changed from low to high, it was observed that the signal amplitude increased to a maximum and then decreased to undetectable. Finally, real-time detection of B. anthracis spores is performed under the optimum magnetic field condition.


Establishment of wireless sensor network for Monitoring and Early Warning System (MEWS) of rainfall-induced landslide is still a challenging task due to problems of energy consumption. This research aim is to propose a new flexible system for the configuration of MEWS for rainfall-induced landslides. The proposed system is an integration a star topology and a tree topology, in which, the star topology is automatically used for the sensor nodes around the gateway node, whereas the tree topology is adopted for the other nodes. Consequently, the proposed configuration method is flexible and capable to save the energy consumption in the MEWS. Experiment result showed that the performance of the MEWS with the proposed method Wireless Sensor Network is better than those from the systems only use the tree topology or the star topology. The result of this study is useful for designing WSN for MEWS of rainfall-induced landslides.


Our research work related to Technology Enhanced Le arning (TEL) is more specifically turned towards tutoring, a fundamental activity in education. However, the existing definitions of tutoring are u nsatisfactorily and this practice is very poorly institutionalized. Very few training courses to become a tutor exist and it is hard to find helpful tools to practice this activity, while paradoxically, computer mediated teaching is becomi ng more and more popular, requiring the students to be monitored by one or several tutors. Starting from the analysis of the tutors' needs def ined during a theoretical and a ground study, we suggest designin g the TE-Cap (« Tutoring Experience Capitalization ») platform, based on the concept of Communities of Practice (CoP). We adopt a co-adaptive design appro ach which allows us to develop the platform little by little, as needs bec ome clearer. This platform enables the tutors to exchange and confront there e xperiences. They are thus brought to develop skills and expertise, in an info rmal and creative way by mutual aid and collaboration. These exchanges will also en able the tutors to find new approaches to solve problems. Built on a model of I nterconnection of CoPs (ICP) and proposed as an extension of the concept of Cons tellation of CoPs (CCP), the platform uses a knowledge classification inspired b y the Knowledge Management and Web 2.0 principles. This ICP model is applied to tutoring in the TE-Cap platform but can also be applied to any set of actors practicing the same activity. Our system is made to accelerate knowledge creation in the actors ' local context (the educational institution or the company) as well as at a global level of the activity . The human-machine interface displays the knowledge base in a spatial and interactive way so as to allow the users to add and retrieve knowledge in an efficient way. This is possible thanks to an indexa tion model adapted to the identified community. Two experiments were conducte d within the tutoring domain to trial the platform with tutors from diffe rent disciplines and countries.


Purpose: Although automatic quantification software of myocardial perfusion SPECT provides highly objective and reproducible quantitative measurements, there is still some limitation in the direct use of quantitative measurements. In this study we derived parameters using normal variation of perfusion measurements, and tried to test the usefulness of these parameters. Materials and Methods: In order to calculate normal variation of perfusion measurements on myocardial perfusion SPECT, 55 patients (M:F = 28:27) of low-likelihood for coronary artery disease were enrolled and rest/-MIBI stress SPECT studies were performed. Using 20-segment model, mean (m) and standard deviation (SD) of perfusion were calculated in each segment. As a myocardial viability assessment group, another 48 patients with known coronary artery disease, who underwent coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) were enrolled. rest/-MIBI stress / 24-hr delayed SPECT was performed before CABG and SPECT was followed up 3 months after CABG. From the preoperative 24-hr delayed SPECT, (perfusion measurement), ( - m) and (( - m)/SD) were defined and diagnostic performances of them for myocardial viability were evaluated using area under curve (AUC) on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results: Segmental perfusion measurements showed considerable normal variations among segments. In men, the lowest segmental perfusion measurement was and the highest segmental perfusion was , and they are and , respectively in women. In the viability assessment showed AUC of 0.633, while those for and were 0.735 and 0.716, respectively. The AUCs of and were significantly higher than that of (p = 0.001 and 0.018, respectively). The diagnostic performance of , which showed highest AUC, was 85% of sensitivity and 53% of specificity at the optimal cutoff of -24.7. Conclusion: On automatic quantification of myocardial perfusion SPECT, the normal variation of perfusion measurements were considerable among segments. In the viability assessment, the parameters considering normal variation showed better diagnostic performance than the direct perfusion measurement. This study suggests that consideration of normal variation is important in the analysis of measurements on quantitative myocardial perfusion SPECT.


A rapid method was developed for the estimation of colchicine in plasma. The method was used to determine colchicine levels in a fatal case of colchicine self-poisoning.


The traditional organic experimental teaching mode was reformed into the mode of "students prepare the experiment,students explain the experiment,teacher and students discuss the experiment together,students do experiment,students elaborate the experiment and teacher and students comment the experiment together".Based on the training skills of students for organic chemistry experiment,the new method emphasizes to train the students ability of cooperation,the ability to discover,analyze and solve question,the ability of writing and expression,the ability of organization management and the research exploration,and so on.The results demonstrate that the new method has a good function to enhance the students' synthesizing capacity.


In the United States, the general global trend toward the deregulation of telecommunications has culminated in the 1996 Telecommunications Act, an act largely based on the presumptions of the effectiveness of competition and the success of earlier deregulation. This article examines the economic basis for deregulation in the radio industry, arguably the most competitive of telecommunication industries. It also reviews the economic research examining the basis and impact of previous deregulatory efforts, allowing a consideration of the validity of the economic assumptions behind the 1996 Telecommunications Act.


The authors present a tool for generating a performance-driven placement from a netlist of register-transfer level (RTL) blocks. Based on the modified force-directed algorithm, the tool chooses locations and orientations of the blocks in such a way as to produce a compact area placement with minimum wiring delay along the critical path. Experiments show that the tool provides solutions close to those generated manually, is fast enough to be used in the inner loop of a program which synthesises RTL structures from behavioural specifications and ensures the strong links between RTL synthesis and timing-driven layout which are so necessary for design of submicron ASICs.


We propose a series of modified methods covering timing and frequency synchronization in the coherent optical orthogonal frequency-division-multiplexing (CO-OFDM) system. The modified timing synchronization method eliminates the ambiguity of Park's method, and the modified frequency synchronization method employs only one training symbol without any loss of accuracy compared to Schmidl's method. The proposed synchronization scheme is tested in a 20 Gb/s CO-OFDM simulated system, with the result that the modified synchronization scheme gives a more accurate timing estimation and a more economical frequency offset estimation with a wide estimation range in the relatively short transmission distance. Meanwhile, chromatic dispersion compensation added before the synchronization keeps the modified scheme's performance stable over longer distances and makes better subcarrier recovery with the optical signal-to-noise ratio improved by 3 dB at the bit-error rate of 10-3.


The construction of the Dirac observables in the stratum for a system of N relativistic free particles is carried out on the basis of a quasi-Shanmugadhasan canonical transformation related to the existence of a Poincare group action. The explicit form of the Dirac observables is derived by exploiting an internal Euclidean group having the Poincare canonical spin as generator of rotations. This procedure provides the symplectic version of the conventional angular momentum composition.


Objective To assess the diagnostic value of delayed CT contrast enhancement patterns in hilar cholangiocarcinoma based on two phased dynamic incremental CT scanning. Methods Fifty two patients with suspected hilar tumor and bile duct obstruction underwent spiral CT scan. The scan time for one revolution of the X ray tube was 1 second. To elucidate the delay time for optimal imaging, all proved cholangiocarcinoma with delayed (6、8、10、15、20、30 minutes) post equilibrium phase contrast enhanced CT scans were acquired with unenhanced, dynamic contrast enhanced, and delayed images. Degree of delayed enhancement was compared with that of surrounding liver parenchyma. Results (1) 8~15 minutes after IV injection of contrast material was the delay time for optimal imaging. (2) Of 29 cholangiocarcinomas, the early CT showed hypoattenuating (lower than that of liver parenchyma) in 23 tumors, isoattenuating (equal to that of the liver) in 4 tumors, and hyperattenuating (higher than that of liver) in 2 tumors. The delayed CT scan showed isoattenuating in 8 tumors, hyperattenuating in 21 tumors, and no hypoattenuating. Most of delay imaging of hilar cholangiocarcinoma may appear hyperattenuating ( U=-4.307 3, P 0.01). (3) None of the hilar metastatic mass showed hyperattenuating at the delayed scan, making it possible to differentiate between cholangiocarcinoma and other lesions causing hilar obstruction (χ 2=9.09, P 0.01). Conclusion When assessing hilar tumor, delayed CT contrast enhancement patterns based on two phase dynamic incremental CT scans is useful in the detection and characterization of hilar cholangiocarcinoma.


Fine formazan crystals were found throughout the vaginal epithelium in sections from vaginae frozen after TTC treatment, but were absent in sections from vaginae fixed in formalin after TTC treatment. They were not increased by oestrogen treatment. Coarse formazan granules were found only in the superficial layers in sections from frozen and formalin fixed organs. These coarse granules were greatly increased by oestrogen treatment.


In order to study the bearing capacity of flap gate under impact load, this paper uses the finite element calculation model to calculate the bending and shear resistance of the buttress of the flap gate under the design model, and designs the reinforcement amount of the section to study the bearing capacity of the flap gate under the impact load. The research result shows that the impact load controls the bearing capacity of the pier section, and the reduction of impact load can effectively alleviate the stress concentration at the corner of the pier. It is necessary to reconfigure the appropriate tension and compression reinforcement, but the stirrup and diagonal reinforcement do not need to be reconfigured.


Both Cuba and the left—the set of transformative theories and practices that has resisted the expansion of capitalism and the economic, social, political, and cultural relations it has generated—ha...


Material microstructure characterization for texture recognition using ultrasonic testing has been widely used to examine the physical and structural integrity of materials. For system automation, Neural Network (NN) can be used to characterize the material texture accurately. However, training and deploying NNs requires substantial computational resources. In this study, we propose to use the knowledge distillation (KD) method and introduce a response-based teacher-student KD training framework to train NNs to find the optimal solution. In addition, a lightweight Ultrasonic Microstructure Characterization Transformer NN (TNN): UMCTNet, is proposed to recognize material textures using ultrasonic images. Training using the KD mechanism improves the data-efficiency of NN s by transferring knowledge from pre-trained NN models. In addition, TNN utilizes a simple network architecture with the attention mechanism resulting in reducing training and execution time. A data-efficient Ultrasonic Microstructure Characterization Convolutional NN: UMCCNet, is trained as the teacher model using ultrasonic images to distill the pre-trained knowledge into the UMCTNet with high accuracy and data-efficiency. To examine the results, an ultrasonic testbed platform was assembled, and C-scanning was created to acquire volumetric ultrasonic data from three different heat-treated steel blocks to train NNs. By applying the KD framework to train UMCTNet, we obtained the training and testing accuracy of 99.91 % and 99.27% respectively, and the highest image throughput of 192 images/seconds on testing to characterize steel material microstructures.


We report a case of a fatigue fracture of a Gamma nail in a patient with an unstable oblique subtrochanteric fracture, together with scanning electron microscopy analysis of the fracture surface. In contrast to other published cases, the fracture was in the part of the nail distal to the insertion point of the lag screw.


Development of new steels with higher creep resistance must be based on detailed knowledge of strengthening and degradation processes, structural stability at high temperature exposure and their welding. This paper is concerned with the real weld joint hardness and microstructure of progressive low alloy creep resistance T24 steel. These steel is widely used in many power-plant constructions all over the Europe. Welding the T24 steels components is one of the most important technological procedures. The aim of the performed investigation is to evaluate the hardness and microstructure in the heat affected zone (HAZ) and the weld metal. Results of the secondary hardening in the real weld joints after low temperature post weld heat treatment (460°C/48h) and without post weld heat treatment at service temperature are described in this paper. Obtained results are compared to the hardness values of the weld joint post weld heat treated at recommended temperature (740°C). The microstructure of the real weld joints was analysed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in order to identify minority phases - MX nanoparticles and/or coarse (M23C6) particles. Secondary hardening of the not heat treated and low temperature heat treated T24 weld joint was proved.


Background : Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cause of embolic cerebral infarction. This study was performed to determine new risk factors and the mechanism underlying thromboembolism (TE) in patients with AF. Methods : 192 patients (M:F=137:55, 61±11 years) with AF were randomly selected and divided into a TE (n=95) and non-TE group (n=97). Another 71 patients with AF (M:F=38:33, 55±14) were studied for endothelial function by measuring the level of von Willebrand factor (vWF; factor 8 related antigen), inflammation by WBC, ESR, and high sensitive CRP and coagulation system by fibrinogen, fibrinogen degradation product and fibrin d-dimer; the results were compared with 25 patients with normal sinus rhythm. Results : The TE group was older than non-TE group. Hypertension (HTN), diabetes mellitus (DM), hypercholesterolemia, smoking and fine AF (AF wave amplitude <1 mm) were more frequent in the TE group. Mitral valvular disease, an ejection fraction <40% and dilated cardiomyopathy were more frequent in the TE group and the left atrial (LA) dimension was greater in the TE group. The use of anticoagulants, an angiotensin-II receptor blocker and statins were less frequently observed in the TE group. The vWF-factor 8 related antigen was higher in patients with advanced age, LV dysfunction, HTN, DM, mitral stenosis and positively correlated with age, LA dimension, LV end-diastolic and end-systolic dimension, ejection fraction, NYHA class and AF duration. The fibrinogen level was positively correlated with age, NYHA class, LA dimension and d-dimer with NYHA class. Markers for inflammation or coagulation were not significantly different in the atrial fibrillation and the sinus rhythm group.


To optimization design of pile supported embankment on the soft soil ground, the numerical simulation is carried out to investigate the performance of pile supported embankment. The four embankments investigated include supported by piles only case, supported by caped piles only case, supported by both piles and geosynthetic case and supported by both caped piles and geosynthetic case. Finally, to further investigate the performance of pile supported embankment, five key influencing factors are chosen for parametric study. The results show that the pile cap and geosynthetic can reduce the settlement, but the effect of geosynthetic is not obvious. The effect of this transferring load of the pile caps is larger than the geosynthetic, and the effect of pile caps is larger than the geosynthetic. Moreover, the effect of geosynthetic will be weakened as the case with the pile caps. Keywords-pile supported embankment; geosynthetic; soft soil; optimization design


Biotechnology is a very significant technology for todays economy and is quite often called the base of bioeconomy. It is very common practice to use the colors for description of different branches of modern biotech: red, green and white as well as violet biotechnologies for health, agriculture, industry and legal and social aspects, respectively. There are several critical aspects for future development of bioeconomy in Poland as well as in many other countries, for example: legislation including the intellectual property rights and public perception. It will be of critical value for our country to be not only and exclusively the consumer of the products of innovative industry, but also the participant in the production of biotechnological goods and services.


Background Strong patterns of habitat association are frequent among tropical forest trees and contribute to the maintenance of biodiversity. The relation of edaphic differentiation to tradeoffs among leaf functional traits is less clear, but may provide insights into mechanisms of habitat partitioning in these species rich assemblages. Methodology/Principal Findings We quantify the leaf economics spectrum (LES) for 16 tree species within a Bornean forest characterized by highly pronounced habitat specialization. Our findings suggest that the primary axis of trait variation in light-limited, lowland tropical forests was identical to the LES and corresponds with the shade tolerance continuum. There was no separation with respect to edaphic variation along this primary axis of trait variation. However, a second orthogonal axis determined largely by foliar P concentrations resulted in a near-perfect separation of species occupying distinct soil types within the forest. Conclusions/Significance We suggest that this second axis of leaf trait variation represents a "leaf edaphic habitat spectrum" related to foliar P and potentially other nutrients closely linked to geological substrate, and may generally occur in plant communities characterized by strong edaphic resource gradients.


As a result of the synthesis of titanium-containing mineral raw materials (rutile concentrate), using high-density energies, the metal titanium and titanium carbide were produced. The article presents the results of experiments on the possibility of using high-density energies for the synthesis of functional materials for industrial use.


We performed molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the viscoelastic properties of aqueous protein solutions containing an antifreeze protein, a toxin protein, and bovine serum albumin. These simulations covered a temperature range from 280 K to 340 K. Our findings demonstrate that lower temperatures are associated with higher viscosity as well as a lower bulk modulus and speed of sound for all the systems studied. Furthermore, we observe an increase in the bulk modulus and speed of sound as the temperature increases up to a weak maximum while the viscosity decreases. Moreover, we analyzed the influence of protein concentration on the viscoelastic properties of the antifreeze protein solution. We observed a consistent increase in the bulk modulus, speed of sound, and viscosity as the protein concentration increased. Remarkably, our molecular dynamics simulations results closely resemble the trends observed in Brillouin scattering experiments on aqueous protein solutions. The similarity thus validates the use of simulations in studying the viscoelastic properties of protein water solutions. Ultimately, this work provides motivation for the integration of computer simulations with experimental data and holds potential for advancing our understanding of both simple and complex systems.


With the final objective of analyzing the benefits of covariance-aided uplink multi-user channel state information (CSI) acquisition in massive MIMO systems, in this paper we compare the channel estimation mean-square error (MSE) for (i) conventional CSI acquisition, which does not assume any knowledge on the users' individual spatial covariance matrices and uses orthogonal pilot sequences; and (ii) covariance-aided CSI acquisition, which exploits the individual covariance matrices (and especially their low rank) for channel estimation and possibly uses non-orthogonal pilot sequences. We apply a large- system analysis to the latter case and provide insights about how much the CSI acquisition process can be overloaded (in the sense of allowing estimating CSI with sufficient accuracy for more users than the number resource elements allocated for training) when a covariance-aided approach is adopted. This hints at potentially significant gains in the spectral efficiency of CSI acquisition in Massive MIMO.


The first task when proposing a tourism development and marketing strategy should be the identification of outstanding features and place identity. A central problem with tourism strategies in China is that one place often copies the other and destinations become so interchangeable. This leads to tourist dissatisfaction and neutralises marketing efforts. It is therefore essential to study the place identity, and especially to identify the unique selling points (USP). What is it that Sanshui has and other places don't? Sometimes, the top attraction of a place cannot compete with those of neighbouring cities, because they all are better in this regard, but a secondary attraction stands out because it is unique and only available in one place.