Objective To investigate the pharmacokinetics of different concentrations of levobupivacaine for lumbar epidural anesthesia.Methods Twenty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients of both sexes aged 35-59 yr scheduled for elective rectum or colon cancer operation under general anesthesia combined with epidural block were randomly divided into 2 groups(n=10 each):group Ⅰ 0.75% levobupivacaine and group Ⅱ 0.5% levobupivacaine.Epidural block was performed at L1-2 interspace.Group Ⅰ and Ⅱ received epidural 0.75% and 0.5% levobupivacalne 2 mg/kg(containing adrenaline 5 μg/kg)injected slowly over 2 min respectively.Thirty minutes after epidural levobupivacaine,general anesthesia was induced withγ-hydroxybutyrate 60-80 mg/kg,and remifentanil 1-2 μg/kg.Tracheal intubation was facilitated with succinyl choline 1-1.5 mg/kg and the patients were mechanically ventilated.Anesthesia was maintained with inhalation of nitrous oxide and O2(1:1)and continuous blockade were assessed after epidural levobupivacaine.Blood samples were taken from central vein at 0,10,20,30,45,60,90,120,210,300,420,540,660 and 840 min after epidural levobupivacaine for determination of plasma concentration of levobupivacaine by high performance liquid chromatography.Results The plasma concentration-time curves of levobupivacaine were fitted to a two-compartment open model in the two groups and there was no significant difference in the pharmacokinetic profiles between the two groups.The onset time of sensory and motor block was shorter and the duration of the two blocks was longer with 0.75% levobupivacaine as compared with 0.5% levobupivacaine.The incidences of nausea and vomiting and hypotension were low and no severe cardiovascular and neurological side-effects developed.Conclusion The pharmacokinetic parameters do not differ significantly between epidural 0.75% and 0.5% levobupivacaine when the total amount is the same.Epidural anesthesia with either 0.75% or 0.5% levobupivacaine is safe.

Key words:
Bupivacaine; Pharmacokinetics; Anesthesia,epidural


Psychoanalysis' primary aim is to reveal the emergence of the subject, beyond its identifications, as a response of the real. More specifically, psychoanalysis considers the realization of the subject as a response to the impossibility of the sexual relation. Claiming that "everyone is a poem", Lacan signals that psychoanalysis aims not at that which is universal in the subject, but rather at what in the speaking being is most singular: the emergence of a way of enjoyment that would make up for the inexistence of the sexual relation. Taking up the articulation of writing and jouissance as a point of departure, the paper examines the mystical experience as a specific mode of such a making up. In so doing, the paper insists on the relation between jouissance and language in order to show to what extent the mystical experience can teach us about the possible ways of breaking with the lethal relationship with jouissance where one seems to be reduced to "the partner of one's own loneliness"


This article introduced the original purge method of seed bed water removal in Unipol polyethylene process,discussed the improved purge method and compared the effects of these two methods,suggested to use the improved purge method in practical operating procedures.


Dense micro-block difference (DMD) has achieved good performance in gray texture representation and classification. However, its performance is not satisfactory when representing color texture. To alleviate this problem, we propose a novel color texture representation method based on Completed Extremely Nonnegative DMD (CEN-DMD) in this paper. In particular, we first use DMD to model interchannel features and interchannel features of color texture images. Considering that negative value is meaningless in a digital image, we perform a nonnegative operation during the difference process. Due to that the maximum value in a nonnegative difference patch represents a significant difference, we construct the Extremely Nonnegative DMD (EN-DMD) by fusing the maximum values of the intrachannel features and the maximum of interchannel features, and further build Completed Extremely Nonnegative DMD (CEN-DMD) by fusing EN-DMDs at five scales and the global feature of the color texture images. Finally, the Fisher Vector is used to encode the CEN-DMD to obtain a color texture descriptor. Experimental results on five published standard color texture datasets (CUReT, Colored Brodatz, VisTex, USPTex and KTH-TIPS) reveal that CEN-DMD is effective when compared to the thirteen representative color texture classification methods.


In this paper, a wideband dual linear polarized Vivaldi 4x4 sub-array antenna aperture with low mutual coupling is analyzed for its impedance matching and radiation performance. This antenna also provides good polarization isolation to support simultaneous transmit and receive communications as desired in 5G communications. This array can be used as a base station panel for the Massive Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) array. In addition, Keysight SystemVue tool has been used to generate digital beamforming (DBF) approach based simultaneous multiple beams.


Besides creating the innovative platform for students' practice and innovation,the Electric Electronic Innovation Centre of Science Technology in Huazhong University of Science and Technology actively carries out the exploration and practice on education mode at the same time,depending on innovation centre.A few years of practice has proved that through these measures,that creating an up-and-coming human environment,constructing the three-dimensional platform for communication,providing a variety of opportunities for practice,carrying out step-by-step implementations of the training program and taking humanized management environment,people education into innovation education is merged and the nurture of humanism spirits into technology literacy training is embeded.Not only can the students develop comprehensive abilities and obtain forceful promotion of practical activities,but also the useful exploration into the education mode of innovation centre can be made.


This is the first part of a revision of the most plesiomorphic genera in the amphipod family Stenothoidae (see Krapp & Koenemann 2006). The genera Metopoides and Proboloides were both erected by Della Valle in 1893, and their species have hitherto often been confused and mixed. The present paper presents a cladistic analysis as well as a survey and partial redescription, where necessary, of all Metopoides species. – In a future second part the remaining genera of this basic stenothoid group (Proboloides, Torometopa, Scaphodactylus) will be similarly treated. (© 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


This paper studies a number of reasons that effect on the overall output electrical energy of a solar cell, to find the best angle at morning, noon and afternoon times in installing a solar cell system in Koya.. The study was conducted for three (3) months in Koya City- Kurdistan region of Iraq in 2014. It was found that the best Azimuth angle is between (330 o -340 o ) whereas the best incident angles are 27 o at the mornings, 60 o at the noon and 25 o at the afternoons in the Koya City. Moreover, the output electrical power that were produced from the solar cell was affected by weather, temperature, and raining as well.


Cocatalyst based on an organic compound of aluminum and external electron donor used in the catalyst system for the polymerization of propylene or its copolymerization with ethylene or an alpha olefin of C4 to C1 2, in combination with a catalytic component comprising at least one titanium compound and an internal electron donor supported on a magnesium halide characterized in that the external electron-donor consists of the combination of a nonaromatic silane containing two Si bonds OC and of a monoether and / or silane containing a single Si-OC.


This essay argues that with the rise of the autocratic Pahlavi dynasty (1921–79), the state started to cast a long shadow over the historiography of modern Iran. Drawing on dynastic nationalism, modernization policies, and repression, the Pahlavi shahs and their bureaucratic elites produced an image of an all-powerful state completely detached from society. Scholars often reflexively replicated this top-down perspective. The resulting methodological statism, a metanarrative of state action as the inevitable ultimate reference point of all things Iranian, has reified our understanding of the modern Iranian state and, more generally, limited our vision of "the history of Pahlavi Iran." Fixated on autocratic policymaking, we have ignored routine citizen–government interactions; equally, we lack microhistories of the complex facets of everyday life. By illuminating the politics and history of methodological statism, this essay hopes to prepare the ground for the assimilation of such alternative perspectives into the historiography of modern Iran.


In the power system constantly upgrading technology, while adding in modern power system automation technology is also a trend continued through the large-scale power systems, intelligent transformation, the production of power system automation to get people generally recognized that this automated mechanical device in use easier. In this paper we analyze the power structure constant depth, joined the Electromagnetic Compatibility(EMC) technology, through the establishment of a computer model to build value, set the matrix, and then through the conversion of nodes, analysis of the actual function of the power system and related work status, in this article we will focus on the power system automation equipment EMC technical design and implementation.


Successful delivery of services and information to the public nowadays largely depends on the use of modern information and communication technologies (ICT), which are transforming governments to be more accessible, efficient, effective and accountable. The pertinent literature suggests that cloud computing (CC) and technology-enabled mobile government (m-government) combined seem to be the most plausible in this regard. Hence, the plans of the Western Cape Government (WCG) in South Africa to introduce cloud computing based m-government services on the assumptions that (i) penetration of the mobile phones is almost 100% in this province and (ii) cloud computing can reduce service delivery costs and make government services more accessible and effective. Although recent studies have found that citizens and government officials in the Western Cape perceive m-government services supplied via cloud computing beneficial, and thus likely to be used, deriving benefits from the introduction of the CC based m-government largely still depend on a number of other factors. We have explored the impact of these factors on policy-making using two ICT benefit conceptual models: one found in the Information Management Body of Knowledge (IMBOK) and the Access-Adoption-Appropriation (AAA) model. Based on our literature review we tested our conceptual findings with two focus groups consisting of WCG officials and citizens. We found that these models, if used appropriately, can guide policy-making in this area, by leading government officials toward more effective and efficient service delivery and allow for the citizens' beneficial use of CC based m-government services. We have also acknowledged some limitation of this study as well as some recommendations for the further research.


The paper shows the validation of a simulation model created out of a part of a museal building against measured data, as a beginning. Thereafter the different approach in answering the questions of planning within the process of refurbishment in both systems will be outlined. This is done by showing the differences of the computation and their effect on the calculations. For example, in TRNSYS it is possible to use a detailed radiation model, using 3D modeling information, whereas in WUFIplus only a GEOSURF-Factor can be used for radiation calculations. Comparing results from both simulations show differences in, for example temperature levels. Besides these differences and their effects on the simulation output, the paper finishes with the decision with which System the evaluation of further measurements of refurbishment can be performed best in this particular project.


How to improve the collision process of safety performance has become one of the most important issue in the automobile manufacturing enterprises. This paper using LS-DYNA made a security analyses about former girders, based in half vehicle model, analyzing the security of the front side member to reflect the vehicle's performance. At the same time, through the front side member's assembly structure's contrast with the modified ones, the result has proved the improvement is more effective.


Renée Alexander Craft is Assistant Professor with a joint appointment in the Department of Communication Studies and Curriculum in Global Studies at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. She is the author of a performance-centered critical ethnography, When the Devil Knocks: The Congo Tradition and the Politics of Blackness in 20th Century Panama (The Ohio State University Press, 2015) and a related digital humanities project, Digital Portobelo: Art + Scholarship + Cultural Preservation (Digitalportobelo.org, 2013). firstname.lastname@example.com


This report is the final presentation of the results of twelve plutonium tracer cases studied as a joint project of the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory of the University of California and the Atomic Energy Project of the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry. The results of the studies conducted by the Berkeley and Chicago groups are correlated with the present ones providing a collection of data from sixteen cases. In addition to the twelve tracer cases mentioned above, the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory has had approximately six years experience with exposure problems associated with the processing of large amounts of plutonium. Wherever applicable, the Laboratory's experiences with the exposure of personnel are used to enlarge and supplement the data collected from the plutonium tracer studies presented in this report. 21 refs., 2 figs., 10 tabs.


The single-parameter self-similar problem is solved for the high-temperature flow region of a nonisothermal plane point jet within the framework of the theory of a compressible boundary layer and under the assumption of a power-law temperature dependence of the viscosity and thermal conductivity. In some limiting cases, asymptotic solutions are constructed. The conditions of suitability of the self-similar representations are found. For a fan jet, the transformations reducing the problem to plane for are indicated.


3-Hydroxy-2-(2-thienyl)-411-chromen-4-one (HTC) forms a dark yellow 1 : 2 (V : HTC) complex with Vv species in 0.04-0.30 M CH3COOH medium, which is extracted in benzene and has Amax at 415-425 nm. The molar absorptivity, Sandell's sensitivity and standard deviation are 3.27 x 10 4 dm3 mol- 1 cm- 1, 0.0016 J.lg V cm- 2 and ±0.0015, respectively at 420 nm. Beer's law is obeyed over the concentration range of 0-1.3 J.lg V ml- 1 solvent phase. The method has been satisfactorily applied for the determination of vanadium in a wide variety of synthetic and technical samples.


Among various types of clean energies, special attention has given to a solar energy because it is freely available in hot regions where more than half the world's population lives. Use of solar energy in vapor absorption refrigeration systems should be one application which can achieve cooling/heating needs. In general, solar cooling systems can be considered as combination of energy conversion and refrigeration subsystems. The energy conversion subsystem transforms solar energy to power the refrigeration system. In the present work, a solar cooling system for air conditioning applications is simulated and optimized under Egyptian meteorological conditions. According to the required comfort dry bulb air temperature, available cooling water temperature and cooling coil capacity, optimal heat source mass flow rate and temperature to operate a single-stage continuous absorption cycle was obtained. Then, economical optimization of the solar system that can meet the required load was carried out for various types of solar collectors. Results revealed that the flat-plate solar collector is the most efficient collector from the economical point of view. Annual visualization of the system performance was presented to investigate the system behavior under different weather conditions for heating and cooling processes during the year to improve its life-cycle savings. The environmental impact of using such system is considered. It is found that the reduction of CO2 emission is a significant advantage of using solar energy. KEY WORD Solar, Cooling, Absorption, Single Effect, Simulation, Collector, and Environmental Impact. * Professor, Dpt. of Mech. Power Eng., Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt. ** Lecturer, Dpt. of Mech. Power Eng., Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt. *** Associate Professor, Dpt. of Mech. Power Eng., Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt. 350 MP Proceedings of the 13 Int. AMME Conference, 27-29 May, 2008 NOMENCLATURE A total collector array aperture or gross, m Ai surface area of the ith tank segment, m 2 b0 negative of the first-order coefficient of (τα)b/(τα)n vs. (l/cosθ ‐ l) b1 negative of the second-order coefficient of τα)b/(τα)n vs. (l/cosθ ‐ l) cA collector price, US$/m cf fuel price, US$/GJ (12 L.E./GJ is considered) CM price of the storage tank, US$/kg Cpc specific heat of collector fluid, kJ/kg.C Cp specific heat, kJ/kg.C Cpf specific heat of the tank fluid, kJ/kg.C co fixed cost of the system, US$ COP coefficient of performance FR overall collector heat removal efficiency factor FRUL negative of the first-order coefficient of collector efficiency vs (Ti Ta)/IT FR ULcombined first and second-order coefficients of collector efficiency vs (Ti Ta)/IT F' collector fin efficiency factor Fpar fraction of pump/fan power converted to fluid thermal energy h enthalpy, J/kg gi flag for boundary segments Gtest flow rate per unit area at test conditions, kg/m h specific enthalpy, kJ/kg I total horizontal radiation per unit area, W/m IbT incident beam radiation per unit area on tilted surfaces, W/m 2 Id horizontal diffuse radiation per unit area, W/m 2 IT total incident radiation on a tilted flat surface per unit area, W/m 2 L.S. life cycle solar savings, US$ M mass of the storage tank, kg. m mass flow rate, kg/s mc collector mass flow rate, kg/s Mi mass of fluid in the ith section inside the tank, kg N lifetime of the system, yr. (20 years is expected). OM annual charge for operation and maintenance of the system expressed as a fraction of capital cost (2% is assumed). P power consumption of pump, W Q rate of heat transfer, W Q i rate of energy input by the heating element to the tank ith segment, W Qu rate of energy gain of total collector array, W r Real rate of return on alternative investments of comparable risk. rf real fuel escalation rate. r1 factor for correcting FR(τα)n and FRUL' for operation at flow rates other than that at test conditions T Temperature, ̊C Ta ambient temperature, ̊C Tenv temperature of the environment surrounding the tank, ̊C 351 MP Proceedings of the 13 Int. AMME Conference, 27-29 May, 2008 γ i = m h α j m L Σ j=1 i-1 β j Σ j=i+1 N Ti inlet temperature of fluid or temperature of the ith tank segment, ̊C UL overall loss coefficient of collector per unit aperture area, W/m .C Subscripts 1-10 refer to Fig. (2) i inlet abs absorber L load side con condense n normal e evaporator o outlet h hot or heat-exchanger ref reference g generator s surface or solution j segment number Symbols α absorptance of absorber plate αi a control function defined by αi = 1 if i = Sh; 0 otherwise β collector slope (in degrees) βi a control function defined by βi = 1 if i = SL; 0 otherwise ∆t simulation time step, s η overall collector efficiency ηbackup boiler backup efficiency (75% is normally considered). γi a control function defined by θ solar incidence angle (degree) ρg ground reflectance τ transmittance of collector cover INTRODUCTION There are only two mechanical air-conditioning chillers have been extensively used in various applications. They are vapor compression chillers and vapor absorption chillers. Vapor absorption chiller is principally similar to the well known vapor compression chiller in that it uses a refrigerant which alternatively evaporates at low pressure and condenses at high pressure. The main difference between the two chillers is the driving force that circulates the refrigerant around the system. In the absorption chiller, compressor is replaced with an absorber, circulation pump, expansion device and generator. Another difference is that the energy input to the absorption chiller is mainly of heat supplied to the generator. Hence, low–grade energy such as a solar energy can be used to operate vapor absorption refrigeration systems to achieve cooling needs. In general, solar cooling systems can be viewed as combinations of energy conversion and refrigeration subsystems. The energy conversion subsystem transforms solar energy to power the vapor absorption refrigeration system Therefore, solar absorption 352 MP Proceedings of the 13 Int. AMME Conference, 27-29 May, 2008 cooling can obtain a great potential because it is used during the summer months when they have long day time and higher ambient temperature. Many investigators have developed computer programs or mathematical models to predict performance characteristics of vapor absorption chillers. Investigations on the effect of various operating conditions form a part of such studies with the aim of providing basic information for design of absorption chillers working with different refrigerant-absorbent pairs. In this work, the emphasis is on presentably commercially water lithium bromide based vapor absorption chillers for air-conditioning applications. This is due many advantages of this working fluid such as high heat of vaporization, non-toxic, non-flammable, availability, inexpensive ... etc. Romero et al. (2000) compared the theoretical performance of a solar absorption air conditioning system operating with water/lithium bromide and an aqueous ternary hydroxide mixture consisting of sodium, potassium and cesium hydroxides. The results showed that similar coefficients of performance are obtained for both mixtures. However, it was found that the system operating with the hydroxides may operate with a higher range of condenser and absorber temperatures and the heat delivered by these components can be removed by air. Li and Sumathy (2000) reviewed solar powered air-conditioning systems using water-lithium bromide pair. It is seen that the generator inlet temperature of the chiller is the most important parameter in the design and fabrication of a solar powered air-conditioning system. Performance evaluation of single-glazed and double-glazed collectors for an open-cycle absorption solar cooling system is conducted by YANG and WANG (2001) for airconditioning applications in Kaohsiung, Taiwan via a computer simulation program. It is shown that the double glazed forced convection gives a better system performance. Simulation of an absorption solar cooling system under Cyprus climatic conditions is presented by Florides et al. (2002). Their system operates with maximum performance when the auxiliary boiler thermostat is set at 87°C. The system long-term integrated performance shows that cooling load of 84,240 MJ and heating load of 41,263 MJ are supplied with solar energy. Tsoutsos et al. (2003) developed an economic evaluation of two types of solar absorption and adsorption cooling systems. Their analyses indicated that, because of their high investment cost, these systems would be marginally competitive with compression cooling systems at present energy prices. Assilzadeh et al. (2005) simulated a solar cooling system, which consists of evacuated tube solar collectors and water-lithium bromide absorption refrigeration unit. The optimum solar subsystem for Malaysia's climate for a cooling capacity of 3.5 kW (1 refrigeration ton) consists of 35 m evacuated tubes solar collector sloped at 20 ̊. Water-lithium bromide absorption refrigeration system is simulated and optimized by Balghouthi et al. (2005) for Tunisian conditions. The simulation results show that absorption solar air conditioning systems are suitable for Tunisian's conditions. Syed et al. (2005) reported novel experimental results derived through field testing of a part load solar energized cooling system for typical Spanish houses in Madrid during the summer period of 2003. Solar insolation of 969 W m produced 5.13 kW of cooling at a solar to cooling conversion efficiency of 11%. Maximum cooling capacity was 7.5 kW. The absorption refrigeration machine operated within the generation and absorption temperature ranges of 57–67 and 32–36 ̊C, respectively. The results clearly 353 MP Proceedings of the 13 Int. AMME Conference, 27-29 May, 2008 demonstrate that the technology works best in dry and hot climatic conditions where large daily variations in relative humidity an


The invention discloses a pulse width modulation circuit for a direct-current broken circuit. The circuit comprises a first pulse generation circuit, a second pulse generation circuit, a first driving generation circuit, a second driving generation circuit and an output circuit, wherein the first pulse generation circuit is used for converting direct-current input voltage to pulse voltage with the pulse width T1; the second pulse generation circuit is used for converting the pulse voltage with the pulse width T1 to pulse voltage with the pulse width T2; the first driving generation circuit is used for frequency division of the pulse voltage with the pulse width T1 and outputting the pulse voltage DRIVER1 subjected to frequency division to the output circuit; the second driving generation circuit is used for frequency division of the pulse voltage with the pulse width T2 and outputting the pulse voltage DRIVER2 subjected to frequency division to the output circuit; and the output circuit is used for outputting the pulse voltage DRIVER1 outputted by the first driving generation circuit and the pulse voltage DRIVER2 outputted by the second driving generation circuit and outputting total driving pulse voltage DRIVER.


Recently, several research groups announced reaching the point of metallization of hydrogen above 400 GPa. Despite notable progress, detecting superconductivity in compressed hydrogen remains an unsolved problem. Following the mainstream of extensive investigations of compressed metal polyhydrides, here small doping of molecular hydrogen by strontium is demonstrated to lead to a dramatic reduction in the metallization pressure to ≈200 GPa. Studying the high‐pressure chemistry of the Sr–H system, the formation of several new phases is observed: C2/m‐Sr3H13, pseudocubic SrH6, SrH9 with cubic F4¯3m$F\bar{4}3m$ ‐Sr sublattice, and pseudo tetragonal superionic P1‐SrH22, the metal hydride with the highest hydrogen content (96 at%) discovered so far. High diffusion coefficients of hydrogen in the latter phase DH = 0.2–2.1 × 10−9 m2 s−1 indicate an amorphous state of the H‐sublattice, whereas the strontium sublattice remains solid. Unlike Ca and Y, strontium forms molecular semiconducting polyhydrides, whereas calcium and yttrium polyhydrides are high‐TC superconductors with an atomic H sublattice. The discovered SrH22, a kind of hydrogen sponge, opens a new class of materials with ultrahigh content of hydrogen.


This paper presents the geometrical technique investigation of the rank-1 Ricean MIMO channels at high SNR mutual information (MI) for Gaussian code books with no channel state information (CSI) at the transmitter and perfect CSI at the receiver. The analytical approximation for the probability density function (pdf), mean and variance of the MI that reveals the Gaussian nature of MI both in the Rayleigh and the rank-1 Ricean cases are also derived.


KCNQ2‐associated developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEE) present with seizures and developmental impairments. The relation between seizures and functional impairments in affected children and the relation of a specific genetic variant to seizure control remains unknown.


The invention relates to a method of operating a motor vehicle having an automatic transmission (1), which is connected via a coupling (2) to a prime mover (3) connected, the output speed of the manual transmission (1) detected by sensors and the same by comparison with an arithmetic average of sensor-detected wheel speeds of the rear wheels (7, 8) of the motor vehicle is checked for plausibility. For further development of these Plausibilisierungsstrategie is suggested that the failure of at least one of the two generated signals (20, 21) of the wheel speed sensors (18, 19) of the rear wheels (7, 8) the arithmetic mean of sensor-detected wheel speeds of the front wheels (9, 10) for the plausibility of the output speed of the gearbox (1) is used.


Aonla, a minor subtropical fruit of India, has been in use for preserve making since ages thereby making its pricking an important economic activity for the people. Till date, the pricking of aonla fruits is done manually employing poorly designed hand tools thus, making the task arduous and time consuming for workers resulting into lower productivity. A pedal operated aonla pricking machine was designed and developed by using response surface methodology. The principles of ergonomics were used while designing to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of work and to maintain and promote worker's health, safety and satisfaction. The ergonomic evaluation was done in terms of physiological, biomechanical and psycho-physical parameters with 25 workers. A study of optimization of process variables namely speed of the machine, duration of pricking activity and seat height was attempted. Besides, sensory evaluation of the preserve was also conducted. Machine was found highly acceptable by the users due to increased safety, comfort and capacity. The machine had a variable capacity from 18.3 to 28.7 kg/h depending upon the speed of pedaling activity.


Despite the strong evidence that the peaks in the spectrum of solar oscillations are asymmetric, most determinations of mode frequencies have been based on ts of symmetric Lorentzian prooles to the Fourier or power spectra of oscillation time strings. The systematic errors resulting from neglecting the line asymmetry could have serious eeects on inversions for the solar internal structure and rotation. Here we analyze artiicial data based on simple models of the intrinsic line asymmetry. By tting Lorentzians to the resulting spectra, we estimate the likely properties of the errors introduced in the frequencies and consider the possible eeects on the inversions.


? We should know what we mean by 'audit'. But when we look at them together, it seems obvious that the first of them is contingent on the second; and the history of attempted definition in this area suggests that there may be hidden pitfalls, some of which have an ethical dimension. In the preface to his Dictionary, Samuel Johnson warned: 'Every other author may aspire to praise; the lexicographer can only hope to escape reproach, and even this negative recompense has been yet granted to very few.' Braving the dangers inherent in discussing definitions, let me say at once that neither its derivation from accountancy, nor its currency in the 'Newspeak' of free market management, greatly endear to me the actual word 'audit'; 'quality control' has been preempted to an analysis of (largely industrial and chemical) process; and on the whole I would prefer the American term 'quality assurance', used by Gordon McLachlan in his Rock Carling Lecture of 1990. But for better or worse, the term 'audit' seems established;


Historically, in high-risk patients with cardiovascular disease, anticoagulants have been used in order to reduce the risk of stroke or other ischemic complications. However, despite this seemingly simple solution, drug selection and dosage control may provide a unique challenge when it comes to the anticoagulation therapy of individual patients. In this case report, a patient with multiple underlying conditions and two previous stroke episodes was admitted due to decompensated heart failure and was treated with anticoagulants to reduce the risk of developing secondary stroke(s). The initially prescribed anticoagulative agent, acenocoumarol, was discontinued and subsequently replaced with enoxaparin due to unstable INR and undiagnosed anaemia. Unfortunately, newer anticoagulants were contraindicated in this patient due to the previous implantation of the mechanical aortic valve. This study reveals and discusses the conundrum faced in prescribing anticoagulants to patients with multiple conditions of underlying diseases. Despite the aforementioned hurdles, anticoagulant therapy in these patients is crucial in avoiding potential life-threatening complications, including myocardial infarction and secondary stroke; proper prescription decisions may ultimately decrease morbidity and improve the quality of life of these high-risk patients.


The "Excellent Teachers Plan" is in line with the teacher cultivation plan implemented by a variety of normal University since 2020. Based on the current educational patterns, relevant normal university students are trained in the "College + Academy" collaborative education mode in different campuses. The "Excellent Teacher Plan" has been implemented and it is necessary to offer a comprehensive understanding of the feelings and appeals of relevant teachers, to improve the content and implementation methods of the policy in the future and achieve better policy effects.


Online shopping offers the customer a wide range of products and services wherein he is able to compare the price quoted by different suppliers and choose the best deal from it. Internet marketing is conceptually different from other marketing channels and internet promotes a one to one communication between the seller and the end user with round the clock customer service. The consumer, in case of online shopping can buy the selected product rapidly by doing some clicks from home or work saving time and energy in spite of the larger distance arising from the endless and unlimited market offered by the internet. In addition, the internet can also facilitate the shopping of consumers with reduced mobility. Despite these motivational factors, there are various transaction and non- transaction issues involved such as internet users being uncomfortable while giving their credit card number, personal information, etc.. which act as deterrents. Online shopping is new, and it is at a nascent stage, and there are no hard-and-fast rules to live by .Consumers are slow in showing interest in online shopping. However, the future for internet shopping looks bright and promising.


A simple, novel synthesis of (E)-gem-dimetalloalkenes containing boron and silicon based on (Z)-1-bromo-1-alkenyl-boronate esters is developed. 1-Bromo-(Z)-1-alkenylboronate esters readily available from literature procedures smoothly undergo a reaction with trimethylsilyllithium (easily generated from hexamethyldisilane with methyllithium in hexamethylphosphoramide) to provide the corresponding 'ate' complexes. These 'ate' complexes undergo intramolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction to provide the corresponding (E)-1-alkenylboronate esters containing trimethylsilyl moiety in good isolated yields (72-85%). The carbon skeletons present in these intermediates are confirmed by oxidation to the corresponding alkyl trimethylsilyl ketones with sodium acetate and hydrogen peroxide.


At the heart of the relationship between identity and the state is the construction of a binary between the citizen resident, in a bounded national community, and its archetypal "other," the refugee. The case studied here fundamentally disrupts this dualism and the conventional mapping of citizen and refugee onto concepts of statehood and statelessness. With their own government structure operating within the state of India—albeit without legal recognition—exile Tibetans are simultaneously "Tibetan citizens" in the eyes of the Tibetan Government-in-Exile, "refugees" in the eyes of many within the international community, and "foreign guests" in the eyes of the Indian state. Based on ethnographic research on exiled Tibetan political institutions and practices, this article charts the contradictory relationship between Tibetans in India and each of the two "governments" that identify, label, and document them. It does so by exploring both the legal discourses and bureaucratic administrations through which the identities of "refugee" and "citizen" are institutionalized, and the materiality of the identity documents issued by these polities. The negotiation of citizenship and refugeehood by a political community without sovereignty over territory thus opens up questions regarding the relationship among citizenship, statehood, and legitimacy, and the ambiguity and power relations inherent within the categories of citizen and refugee.


A growing number of studies have examined the psychological corollaries of using social networking sites (SNSs) such as Facebook, Instagram, or Twitter (often called social media). The interdisciplinary research area and conflicting evidence from primary studies complicate the assessment of current scholarly knowledge in this field of high public attention. We review meta-analytic evidence on three hotly debated topics regarding the effects of SNSs: well-being, academic achievement, and narcissism. Meta-analyses from different laboratories draw a rather equivocal picture. They show small associations in the r = .10 range between the intensity of SNS use and loneliness, self-esteem, life satisfaction, or self-reported depression, and somewhat stronger links to a thin body ideal and higher social capital. There is no indication for potential devastating effects of social media on school achievement; social media use and school grades are unrelated for adolescents. The meta-analyses revealed small to moderate associations between narcissism and SNS use. In sum, meta-analytic evidence is not in support of dramatic claims relating social media use to mischief.


BACKGROUND
Tetrapleura tetraptera fruit is widely used in Nigeria as a spice and for treatment of various medical ailments. Reports indicate that feeding of extracts to animals produced some toxic effects and pathological lesions in some organs.

OBJECTIVE
This study was designed to investigate the effects of 10 days oral administration of the ethanolic extract of Tetrapleura tetraptera (TTE) on the lipid profile and kidney function in male rabbits.

METHODS
Twenty healthy, acclimatized male rabbits weighing 1.4 - 1.6 kg were randomly divided into four groups. Group 1 served as control and received only water while groups 2, 3 and 4 were administered 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg bodyweight of TTE respectively. Fasting serum from all groups were analyzed for lipid profile and kidney function parameters using standard protocols. Data were analyzed using student's t-test and ANOVA.

RESULTS
Tetrapleura tetraptera extract elicited reduction in serum triacylglycerols, elevation of LDL-cholesterol and alteration of kidney function parameters in male rabbits.

CONCLUSION
Ethanolic extract of Tetrapleura tetraptera may predispose to hypertension and cardiovascular diseases.


In this article there has been conducted a gender-sensitive analysis of typological characteristics of teenage rebellion. Classification of aggression by the character of destructive orientation and also taking into account scale of values and needs has been made. Relevance of the given problem is preconditioned by high demand in development of theoretical and practical aspects of teenage aggression preventive measures' promotion during the period of formation and development of child's individuality.


The study proposed here is the result of work conducted under NSF Digital Government Grant #306803, " How are we doing? Tracking country image in the information age. " The goal of the one-year planning grant (awarded May 2003) was to conduct project start-up activities. The objective of the study is to examine the institutional factors that influence the use of IT for knowledge management in public diplomacy. Specifically, we will examine the extent to which a knowledge management system (KMS) can aid U.S. public diplomacy officials by facilitating the public image-tracking process. To that end, we will develop and test a prototype KMS web portal designed to help public diplomacy officials gather, organize, search, and analyze image information. The two-year study will address such research questions as, what are the institutional impediments to the effective use of KMS to support image-tracking activities, and how can government agencies overcome these impediments to effectively use KMS for public diplomacy? We will partner with the U.S. Embassy in Bolivia. Public Diplomacy and Advances in Information Technology Public diplomacy is the practice of engaging, informing, and influencing key international audiences in order to advance the interests and security of the United States (State Department website, Public diplomacy activities include traditional programs such as international exchanges, and new initiatives such as message placement and video campaigns. These activities are designed to both send messages to and receive messages from the rest of the world, and although the focus of U.S. public diplomacy efforts has been more on sending a message than on receiving and interpreting messages being sent to us, this project is motivated by the observation that it is now vital for the U.S. administration to constantly be aware of how the U.S. is perceived by the rest of the world (Sharma 2002). Today, it is just as appropriate for the President to ask, " How are we doing? " in Bolivia as in Boston. And yet the answer to this question in places like Bolivia is more elusive than ever before. Public diplomacy practitioners use a variety of methods to answer the how we are doing question. Here, we focus on the monitoring of public media outlets. Through media outlets, practitioners assess daily fluctuations in opinions on a variety of topics through an almost constant flow of information. Given the complexity and time-consuming nature of this work, made even tougher in the …


U.S. American women, including Edmonia Lewis, Meta Vaux Warrick Fuller, Augusta Savage, and Elizabeth Catlett, for example, are Diasporadas who worked as visual artists during the mid-nineteenth century and the twentieth century.2 These Black women created images that asserted Black identity and independence, in part by de-centering traditional European subjects and centering subjects of African descent, and they also supported, worked within, and sought transnational Black activist communities.


Constructing large software systems is not merely a matter of programming but also a matter of human interaction. Problems arise because a number of people work on a joint project and need to cooperate. This dissertation discusses an integrated software development and maintenance environment that supports communication and cooperation among programmers. The environment has three aspects: (1) Representation. A notation to describe the overall structure of a programmed system is the basis of the environment. This notation is a module interconnection language called INTERCOL. It can represent multiple versions and configurations, written in multiple programming languages. The notation contains enough information for automating interface control and version control. (2) Interface Control. The environment establishes consistent interfaces among separately developed software components and maintains this consistency when modifications are made. It automates the management of interface changes by determining the affected components, alerting the responsible programmers, and preventing the use of inconsistent components. (3) Version Control. The environment coordinates the creation and change of source program versions and implements system generation in a multi-version, multi-configuration environment. In particular, the environment ensures that a system remains in a well-defined state by permitting only operations that are meaningful at a given state. It determines which versions of which components should be combined to form a particular version of a particular configuration. It handles compilation, recompilation and integration automatically. It manages the storage of derived objects like object modules and and partially linked subsystems and tries to optimize the space/time tradeoff of storing or regenerating them.
INTERCOL is presented in the form of a concise reference manual. It is accompanied by a design rationale, motivating the major design decisions. The suitability of INTERCOL is demonstrated by a number of examples.
We discuss design and implementation of interface control and version control in detail. To facilitate system generation, a flexible compilation/integration mechanism is developed that permits the total separation of logical and physical interfaces.
We describe a prototype implementation, running on a PDP11/40 under the UNIX operating system. The prototype is based on a simplified version of INTERCOL and provides full interface control. Two closely related programming languages, C and TC (type-checked C) may be used for programming. Version control is only partially implemented.


Successful operation for exploration of planetary regoliths will depend on the capability to keep surfaces free of dust which could compromise performance and to collect dust for characterization. Such study is essential in order to resolve issues in dealing with regolith fines identified during the Apollo missions where dust behaved like abrasive Velcro before returning to the Moon. During Moon landings, locally‐induced stirring of the regolith caused dust to be suspended long enough to come into contact with conducting surfaces. Lunar fines, because of their electrostatic charging, were difficult to collect and sparsely sampled: bag seals were broken, samples contaminated and lost. Our objectives here are to describe a multi‐faceted electrostatically‐based approach and methodology for addressing this issue, as well as to present our preliminary results which confirm the view that the successful strategy will deal with dust dynamics resulting from interaction between mechanical and electrostatic forces. ...


Background Tightrope fixation has been suggested as an alternative to screw stabilisation for distal tibiofibular joint diastasis that provides stability but avoids the problems of rigid screws across the joint. Recent case series (of 6 and 16 patients) have however, reported soft tissue problems and infections in 19–33% of patients. This study aims to review treatment and complications of distal tibiofibular diastasis fixation in our unit with the use of Tightrope or diastasis screws. Methods Retrospective review of all patients undergoing primary ankle fixation between May 2008 and October 2009. Exclusions included revision procedures, or ankle fixation prior to the current fracture. Those undergoing Tightrope or diastasis screw fixation were studied for any complications or further procedures. Clinical records and XRAYs were reviewed, family practitioners of the patients were contacted and any consultations for ankle related problems noted. Results 187 primary ankle fixation procedures were performed. 35 ankles required stabilisation of the distal tibiofibular joint. In 12, this was achieved using the Tightrope and in 23, syndesmotic screws were used. There was no difference in the adequacy of reduction in the two groups. Of those stabilised with a Tightrope, 6 were Maisonneuve injuries, 5 Weber C and 1 Weber B. 1 was lost to followup. Of the remaining 11, none had complications attributable to the method of fixation documented in hospital or family practitioner records. One had a small stitch abscess that settled on removal of the suture material. None underwent subsequent procedures. Of 23 stabilised with screws, 4 were Weber B, 14 Weber C, 4 Maisonneuve and 1 syndesmotic injury associated with an isolated posterior malleolus fracture. In this group of patients with primary ankle fixation involving a diastasis screw there was 1 deep infection requiring removal of metalwork, 1 superficial wound infection after syndesmotic screw removal and 1 wound breakdown after syndesmotic screw removal. A patient developed superficial peroneal nerve palsy at operation and 1 syndesmotic fixation failed and underwent revision surgery. This patient subsequently developed infection and had revision to a hindfoot nail. 19 patients underwent screw removal. The 23 patients underwent 45 procedures (mean 1.96 procedures per patient). Conclusion In a consecutive series of 187 ankle procedures, 12 had the distal tibiofibular joint stabilised with a Tightrope with no noted complications attributable to the implant and no additional procedures. 23 patients underwent diastasis screw fixation with 19 screw removal procedures and 5 complications of various severity, 2 of which were attributable to screw removal. Tightrope fixation has provided stable fixation of the injured syndesmosis in our unit and we have not to date encountered complications previously described in the literature.


The reconstruction and reuse of industrial heritage has constituted important means for the protection of that heritage, and has played a crucial role in promoting urban renewal and sustainable urban development. In this study, we reviewed 404 pieces of literature on industrial heritage reconstruction and reuse published in the past five years (January 2017 to August 2022), which includes the most representative studies (those published in key journals in the field) or the most influential studies (those highly cited). We then used three keyword tools (WordStat, Weiciyun and CiteSpace) and conducted keyword extraction, analysis and meaning presentation of 404 studies, finally identified three main research themes: (1) the current barriers to industrial heritage reconstruction and reuse, (2) the coping strategies for industrial heritage reconstruction and reuse, and (3) the evaluation of the effects of industrial heritage reconstruction and reuse. Our results revealed and clarified the latest trends in international research. Meanwhile, we also pointed out the inadequacies of the current research, such as ignoring important topics and the limitations of research methods. We hope that our research could inspire future research on industrial heritage reconstruction and reuse.


Let $K$ be a totally real number field and let $B$ be a totally definite quaternion algebra over $K$. In this article, given a set of representatives for ideal classes for a maximal order in $B$, we show how to construct in an efficient way a set of representatives of ideal classes for any Bass order in $B$. The algorithm does not require any knowledge of class numbers, and improves the equivalence checking process by using a simple calculation with global units. As an application, we compute ideal classes representatives for an order of level 30 in an algebra over the real quadratic field $\Q[\sqrt{5}]$.


Engagement is a key ingredient for student success at all class ranks. Recent literature describes best practices and programs that institutions should offer. But a list of programs is not enough. In a large-scale study of strong-performing colleges and universities, Kuh, Kinzie, Schuh, and Whitt report that quality initiatives that are complementary and synergistic help to create success-oriented cultures and transformational learning environments.1 It requires working across boundaries and toward the common goal of student success. Increasingly higher education institutions are realizing that a student's second year in college is critically important. Recent research reports suggest that traditionally aged sophomores are in a period of transition similar to that which many experience at middle age.2 As institutions increase focus on first year students, second year students report feeling abandoned by their universities. Furthermore, while the first year is a critical time for retention efforts, a 2002 study by Berkner, He and Forrest found that at least as many students leave after the second year as the first.3 College and university librarians are partners in the teaching and learning enterprise of higher education and as such have an important role in furthering student success efforts. This paper will provide a context for librarian roles in supporting student engagement and transformational learning, describe an ambitious second-year program at Ohio State University and the multiple librarian contributions to the creation and implementation of Ohio State's Secondyear Transformational Experience Program (STEP). Lastly, this paper will draw connections between the threshold concepts identified in the Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education and the high-impact educational practices selected by Ohio State's program: study abroad, leadership, internships, service-learning, undergraduate research and artistic/ creative endeavors.


Lesbian and gay young adults can experience adverse life conditions associated with their sexual minority status. It is not always easy for them to obtain the necessary social support to cope with these challenges. We used short-term longitudinal data from a survey of 197 lesbian and gay young adults (121 males and 76 females) to investigate how and to what extent the availability of confidants affects depression, hopelessness and self-esteem. We also investigated whether and to what extent mental health outcomes are related not only to initial levels of confidant support but also to changes regarding the availability of confidants. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and hierarchical stepwise regression analysis. Results showed that confidant support at base level correlated only with the perceived quality of lesbian and gay friendships and not with parental acceptance. Also, change in confidant support over time seemed to be more important than its initial levels. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The geometric details and mode of puckering of the five-membered (thiazolidine) ring have been found to be different in two penicillin G salts. In procaine penicillin G monohydrate (aqueous procaine penicillin G or APPG) the penicillin molecule is in an 'extended' form whereas it is 'coiled' in potassium penicillin G. The solid-state conformation of penicillin G therefore depends more on local environment than on nature of substitution in the side chain. The procaine molecules in APPG adopt an enlarged (91°) torsion angle in the O–C–C–N group and exhibit little quinonoid character in the p-aminobenzoate group.


OBJECTIVE
The authors report results from a 7-year prospective study of depression and mortality in 2,558 Medicare recipients age 65 and older.

METHODS
This report is based on a secondary data analysis of a randomized controlled trial that evaluated the cost-effectiveness of preventive services for older enrollees in an HMO.

RESULTS
Subjects with mild-to-moderate depression at baseline did not have an increased risk of mortality compared with those without significant depression. The 3% of older adults with the most severe depressive syndromes, however, had significant increases in mortality, even after adjusting for demographics, health risk behaviors, and chronic medical disorders.

CONCLUSION
The increase in mortality in this group of older adults was comparable to that in participants with chronic medical disorders such as emphysema or heart disease.


that his death was due to "toxic" origins. Morrison's concerns—giving way to belabored attention —seems to be in dispelling any idea that Cash, a neurotic throughout, might have had a diseased mind throughout. His point, even though some of the details might have been in an appendix—is indeed an important one. The most valuable part of the book is the 24 pages of Chapter VII, entitled "Perspectives." Here Cash's work is related to other writers and groups such as Thomas Wolfe, William Faulkner, James Branch Cabell, Clarence Cason, The Nashville Agrarians, The Chapel Hill Regionalists, and Gunnar Myrdal. Myrdal, by the way, was far more optimistic about the South's future than was Cash. Regrettably, only in the few pages of this chapter are the criticisms of Cash really examined: that he may have ridden his thesis too far, that he overstressed the continuity and essential unity of the southern mind, that his attention to The Southern Mind eclipsed considerations of the Negro mind, that his work is impressionistic and fails to examine areas outside of the Carolina Piedmont, such as the Gulf, the Virginia Tidewater, the East Tennessee Unionist areas, and so forth.


With denoting the error of best uniform approximation to by polynomials of degree at most on the interval , the famous Russian mathematician S. Bernstein in 1914 established the existence of a positive constant for which Moreover, by means of numerical calculations, Bernstein determined, in the same paper, the following upper and lower bounds for : Now, the average of these bounds is 0.282, which, as Bernstein noted as a "curious coincidence," is very close to . This observation has over the years become known as the Bernstein Conjecture: Is ? We show here that the Bernstein conjecture is false. In addition, we determine rigorous upper and lower bounds for , and by means of the Richardson extrapolation procedure, estimate to approximately 50 decimal places.Tables: 4. Figures: 1. Bibliography: 12 titles.


The synthesis and the functionalization of purine rings have been deeply investigated to generate potential bioactive compounds for pharmaceutical and agrochemical purposes [1]. Many examples in the literature show the possibility to introduce a carbon substituent at the C-2, C-6 and C-8 positions through transition metal catalyzed cross coupling reactions of purine halides [2]. The opposite approach, coupling of metalated purines with appropriate C-electrophiles, has been less developed due to the low stability of the resultant purine anion in THF, which often causes a mixture of regioisomers as final product [3]. Herein we present a novel Mg-halogen exchange protocol, starting from 6-iodopurines 1 [4] and 2-iodopurines 2, that provides predictable regioisomeric products (3 and 4) at room temperature (A) or -5 °C (B) in dichloromethane as solvent (Scheme 1).


on the basis of current status characteristics'?' and 'How do individuals come to have their particular social resources characteristics?' The significance of income resources is much more important than that of job or education for the general social standing. Doubling income (and holding the other two constant) has the effect of a 499S increase in general social standing. The same figures for job and schooling are only 22£7r and 77c (p. 220). On the other hand, if we ask the cause of income differences (and so in an indirect way the cause of social standing), the family background (status of family and the position in ethnic majority family) and education appear to be the most important factors. The authors conclude (p. 275):


The potential of web-based 2.0 technology for teaching and assessing intercultural pragmatics has become an area of focus for language educators (Cohen, 2008; Belz, 2005, 2006). Research has highlighted that second and foreign language learners show significant differences from native speakers in language use, in particular, with the execution and comprehension of certain speech acts (Bardovi-Harlig & Mahan-Taylor, 2003). Without effective instruction, differences in pragmatics are evident in the English of learners regardless of their first language background or language proficiency. In EFL contexts, such as Japan, where learners have limited exposure to native speaker norms, teaching and learning pragmatic competence can be particularly challenging. The authors describe an ongoing curriculum development project in a Japanese university context, where the goal is to design and implement an effective approach to teaching interlanguage pragmatics. Digitally enhanced Strategic Interaction (SI) sequences (Di Pietro, 1987) provide opportunities for learners to engage in realistic interactive situations that are mediated by use of model conversations, an online wiki space, and digital video technologies. The online space provides opportunities for learner reflection, peer assisted feedback, and detailed intervention from the instructor. Data analysis from pre- and post- written discourse completion tasks suggests that learners are able to use language in more context sensitive ways having engaged with the teaching/learning cycle design.


This research focuses on the revival of the French identity in San Rafael, Veracruz in Mexico since the eighties to present. This current period saw indeed a peak in this ancient farm settlement movement that can be designated as French identity revitalization.This study focuses on the underlying reasons for this revival and operation of it, but it also captures the major issues and the impact on the locality. For this, and considering the complexity of the contexts in which the French migration in the nineteenth century, the gradual abandonment of French identity in the early twentieth century and the revitalization happened, this research is in the field of the fourteenth section of National Council of Universities (spanish speciality), but is inspired by the historical anthropology's tools and methods.Three main themes are addressed, based on the general observation of the studied phenomenon, the mechanisms of the revitalization process of French identity and the impact of the national context on the identification of local social actors.


This article introduces the principle of LS-SVM and describes the implementation of LS-SVM based on Conjugate Gradient algorithm,starting from the learning theory of support vector machine.For the common equalization problem in communication,the LS-SVM is applied to nonlinear equalization task in case of nonlinear channel with color noise.Comparing the performances with the Bayesian optimal equalizer,the LS-SVM equalizer is testified to solve the nonlinear equalization effectively.In real digital communication,in case of unknown channel states,the receiver can learn from the training series to determine the parameters of equalizer and predict the incoming transmitted signal.


With aging, bimanual movements are performed with increased cerebral activity in frontal and parietal areas. In contrast, motor switching is poorly documented and is expected to engage increasing resources in the elderly. In this study, spontaneous electroencephalographic activity (EEG) was recorded while 39 young participants (YP) and 37 elderly (EP) performed motor transitions from unimanual tapping to symmetric bimanual tapping (= Activation), and opposite (= Inhibition). We measured the delay of switching using the mean and standard deviation of transition time (meanTT and sdTT). Task-related power (TRPow) in alpha frequency band (8-12Hz) was used to measure electro-cortical changes, negative values corresponding to increased cerebral activity. A balance index (BI) was computed between frontal and parietal regions, values non-significantly different from "zero" representing a comparable level of cerebral activity in these regions. The results reveal higher sdTT 1) in EP compared to YP in both transitions, 2) in Activation compared to Inhibition in both groups. TRPow tends to reach greater negative values (p=0.052) in EP compared to YP in both tapping modes and both motor transitions. Furthermore, the results show more negative TRPow 1) in both motor transitions compared to the tapping movements and 2) in frontal region for YP compared to EP during Inhibition only. BI values differ significantly from "zero" for YP in Inhibition only. In conclusion, motor transitions are more variable and tend to be resource-consuming in the elderly. Moreover, the cerebral activity spreading in EP characterized by similar level of activity between frontal and parietal regions suggest reduced capacity to recruit specialized neural mechanisms during motor inhibition.


Background. Difficulty with arithmetic is a common problem. There is increasing evidence that arithmetical cognition is made up of multiple components, and that it is quite possible for children and adults to show strong discrepancies, in either direction, between the components. This suggested the desirability of developing interventions that assess and target children's weaknesses in specific components of numeracy.


This guide was created to support the Criminal Justice Research Methods 3346 classes. This page provides information about the difference between scholarly, popular, and trade publications.


Introduction and Methods. The relevance of the work is due to the demand for the experience of the economic council reform, including its regional aspect, at the present stage of Russian modernization. The basis of the methodology of the work is the modernization historical paradigm, aimed at the study of various kinds of progressive transformations of society, noted in the process of its development. The main methods used are comparative-historical, historical-cultural, problem-chronological.

Results and Discussion. The economic councils of the Mari, Mordovian and Chuvash economic administrative regions already in the first years of their existence showed very worthy economic results. The decentralization of the economic sphere, the removal of bureaucratic "obstacles" stimulated the rapid development of new high-tech industries in all three republics: electrical, machine-building, metalworking, instrument-making, etc. However, having given the industrial development of the Mari, Mordovian and Chuvash Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics a maximum exhausted itself quickly. Founded in the early 1960s the crisis phenomena were expressed in the growth of isolation of the economic regions headed by economic councils as economic cells striving for self-sufficiency (autarky), which gave rise to a number of problems, in particular in matters of supplies between different economic regions, in drawing up plans and their implementation. The regional material of the studied republics eloquently testifies to the typical (universal) nature of such negative manifestations.

Conclusion. For the Mari, Mordovian and Chuvash Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics, the main result of the economic reform was, in fact, their synchronous transformation from agrarian-industrial to industrial-agrarian regions. The rather rapid pace of this process (1957–1964) can be explained by the decentralization of the economy that occurred as a result of the economic reform, which brought management closer to production and unloaded the industrial management system from excessive bureaucracy. However, the effect of decentralization turned out to be extremely short-lived, since the shortcomings of the territorial administration system soon showed themselves, leading to the rapid exhaustion of its capabilities.


The purpose of this study was to determine the barriers in learning rhythmic motion in elementary schools. The research method used is descriptive quantitative using a survey method with data collection techniques using a questionnaire. The population of this research is Physical Education Teachers in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The data analysis technique used descriptive analysis as outlined in percentages. The results showed that the barriers in learning rhythmic motion were based on five aspects, namely the teacher's aspect of 46%, the student's aspect of 55%, facilities and infrastructure 35%, 6% curriculum and 14% environment.


I submit that I fully know and accept the scientific contributions and innovations made by non-Muslims through the various phases of human civilizational development. But since my focus in the article is to highlight scientific contributions and Philosophical ideas introduced within the Islamic world, I only projected them in detail. As a Philosopher I am fully cognizant that knowledge, science and academic scholarship in human venture in which people of all religions orientations have played their parts.


Abstract : The Naval Oceanographic Office Selected four oceanic laboratory sites in the Atlantic Ocean for intensified study. The areas selected were one-degree squares. Area C1, with which this report is concerned, was surveyed by the USS SAN PABLO (AGS-30) from 23-30 June 1963. Sixteen Nansen stations and 98 bathythermograph traces were obtained. The area was originally selected because it was considered oceanographically quiet, and the survey was designed to evaluate this assumption. The area was found to be dynamic in nature, and this report is an evaluation of the variations and the resultant acoustical implications.


The goal of this paper is to localize a resident in indoor environments by using motion information from distributed environmental sensors and body activity information from wearable sensors. The passive infrared sensor nodes distributed in a home provide binary information about human motion in their field of views, while the wearable inertial measurement unit sensor node collects motion data that can be used in body activity recognition, walking velocity, and heading estimation. Basic human activities such as sitting, sleeping, standing, and walking are recognized. We proposed a particle filter-based sensor fusion algorithm that takes advantage of the human location/activity correlation in indoor environments to increase the localization accuracy. Experiments were conducted in a mock apartment testbed. We used the ground truth data obtained from a motion capture system to evaluate the results. Note to Practitioners—This paper is motivated by a goal to realize various home automation applications through human localization. For example, with the knowledge of human location, lighting, and air conditioning systems can be more efficiently managed, or a home service robot can provide better service to the resident. There currently lacks an accurate human localization method in indoor environments. The theoretical framework proposed in this paper aims to combine simple environmental sensors (passive infrared sensors) and a single wearable motion sensor to accurately track human locations. This method reduces the intrusiveness to the human, while keeping the cost of the infrastructure low. The theoretical framework has been tested and evaluated in a mock apartment environment as a proof of concept. For deployment into real homes, we need to conduct more realistic tests and thorough evaluation of the system. It is also necessary to reduce the size and weight of the wearable motion sensor and simplify the installation of the environmental sensors.


The effects of grinding,ultrasonic,ultrasonic assisted with acidolysis and thallus concentration on antioxidant activity of carotenoids from Rhodobacter sphaeroides were studied in this paper.The results showed that the carotenoids extracted with different methods and solid-liquid proportion from R.sphaeroides 3757 possessed activities of scavenging DPPH free radicals,reducing power and resistance against lipid peroxidation.Carotenoids extracted by ultrasonic assisted with acidolysis from R.sphaeroides 3757 has the highest production rate and the best antioxidant activities.Caratenoids from R.sphaeroides possessed a certain antioxidant activities,and the antioxidant activities increased as the thallus concentration increased.


Purpose
This study aims to identify the influence exerted by the performance of human resources (HR) through effectiveness and efficiency in the success of business projects in Mexico.

Design/methodology/approach
The methodological design was quantitative, explanatory, observational and transversal, where a sample of 502 was used. A structural equation model (SEM) was developed using the statistical software AMOS v25 to test the hypothesis. SPSS v25 was used for data analysis. Regarding the goodness and fit indices of the SEM, χ2 = 388.83/df = 143; χ2/df = 2.71; p < 0.001; GFI = 0.92; AGFI = 0.91; CFI = 0.96; TLI = 0.95; NFI = 0.94; IFI = 0.96; RMSEA = 0.05; RMR = 0.04; SRMR = 0.03, which turned out to be acceptable.

Findings
Through the results obtained through the SEM, it is shown that there is a positive and significant relationship between the performance of HR through their effectiveness (r = 0.65, p < 0.01) and efficiency (r = 0.64, p < 0.01) with respect to the success of the business projects. Likewise, the effectiveness of HR has a positive and significant influence on the efficiency (ß2 = 0.46; p < 0.001) and the success of business projects (ß3 = 0.89; p < 0.001) in Mexico. In the same way, efficiency positively and significantly influences the success of enterprises (ß4 = 0.35; p < 0.001) in Mexico.

Research limitations/implications
In this research, only the performance of the HR was assessed through efficiency and effectiveness as one of the variables that intervene in the development of the business project, and that is one of the main factors of analysis to achieve the success of the enterprise. In this sense, the results are limited to the extent that the findings can be generalized to business projects that are developed in different entities such as universities, incubators and other instances that promote the development of business projects and thereby guarantee success. In this sense, it is considered to carry out more research regarding these variables and others that can study the phenomenon and generate new scientific research.

Practical implications
HR performance is considered as one of the main factors that allow the success of business projects. However, some practical limitations are determined by the vision, strategies, as well as the orientation that entities such as universities, and incubators, among other organizations, determine to develop the business project and thus guarantee its success. Other practical implications lie in the leadership that the entrepreneur exercises in his/her work team and collaborators to generate synergy between them considering culture and identity, as well as the commitment to the business project.

Originality/value
The findings are relevant and of great value because they support entrepreneurship models, giving an alternative focus in the study to achieve success, specifically in the state of Guanajuato, which represents one of the main states that have with a greater number of ventures focused on the automotive, food, leather and footwear cluster, among other SMEs that promote business projects and is one of the main states of the Mexican Republic that contributes to the economic development of the region as well as the nation. Likewise, the study is relevant because there is currently not enough research focused on the variables analyzed on the success of business projects in the Mexican context.


The procedure of landslide is taken as a large site test by the mothod of anti-analysis,and the whole landslide mass are considered as the object of the shear test.By calculating of anti-analysis,the rational strength parameters of the slip plane are determined.The case study shows that the shortcomings of site test are overcomed by the mothed of anti-analysis,which is hard to accomplish.And it is reliable in the analysis of landslide stability.


Artificial neural networks (ANNs) have rarely been used in the field of medical education, especially in the prediction of learning performances. This study aims to evaluate the potential application of ANN models for predicting learning performances, in comparison with multivariate logistic regression models. The predictor variables included demographics, high-school backgrounds, first-year grade-point averages, and composite scores of examinations during the course. Medical student learning performances were represented by their normalized T-scores of the total examination score. Three ANN models, including a support vector machine, were used to predict performance. A comparison between the models, based upon areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve values, showed no significant differences between the ANNs and logistic regression models (p > 0.05 for all pairs in the comparison). This work thus reveals the promising potential for the application of ANNs in the prediction of learning performances, in the field of medical education.


The performance of the wavefront corrector can be estimated by reproducing the modal orthonormal functions. We have studied the possibility of reconstructing Zernike polynomials using a bimorph wavefront corrector with 37 control elements. It was shown that such a device could reproduce the first 28 Zernike polynomials except for piston, tip-tilt aberrations. Also, the high-order spherical aberrations were reconstructed with small amplitude. It could be explained by small number of sections of the piezodisk. Thus, optimization of the electrode geometry should be performed in the future.


There are many good reasons why organizations shouldperform software architecture reconstructions. However,few organizations are willing to pay for the effort. Softwarearchitecture reconstruction must be viewed not as an efforton its own but as a contribution in a broader technicalcontext, such as the streamlining of products into a productline or the modernization of systems that hit theirarchitectural borders. In these contexts software architectsfrequently need to reason about existing systems, forexample to lower adoption and technical barriers for newtechnology approaches. We propose a Quality AttributeDriven Software Architecture Reconstruction (QADSAR)approach where this kind of reasoning is driven by theanalysis of quality attribute scenarios.This paper introduces a quality attribute driven perspectiveon software architecture reconstruction. It presents atechnical reasoning framework and illuminates theinformation that is required from the reconstruction processto link the knowledge gained back to the business goals ofan organization. The paper illustrates the techniques bypresenting a real-world case study.


This paper describes a simple and effective method to create solder bumps by using a droplet microgripper for electronic packaging. The droplet microgripper was fabricated simply by patterning Teflon as the hydrophobic layer on the hydrophilic glass substrate to make a 5 × 5 array of 300 ㎛ diameter circles with 600 ㎛ pitches. Each solder ball of 300 ㎛ diameter were successfully caught and held on a hydrophilic opening site of this microgripper by the self-arrangement method. These solder balls were transferred to the flux-coated soldering substrate simply by making the solder balls to contact with this substrate, owing to the adhesive force difference. After the reflow process, a 5 × 5 solder bump array was successfully created on the solder ball lands. This method of creating solder bumps by using a droplet microgripper may be applicable to current electronic packaging industry in more efficient way.


Due to their high complexity, compliant mechanisms require high-fidelity mechanical models to reach a detailed understanding of their characteristics and predict their actual behaviour in various situations. This work focuses on tape springs which are used as an alternative to common mechanisms composed of kinematic joints. They present several assets such as, among others, passive deployment and self-locking, but they are characterised by a highly nonlinear behaviour including buckling, the formation of folds and hysteresis. An experimental set-up is then designed to gather information on these phenomena, while in parallel an equivalent finite element model is developed. Quasi-static and dynamic tests are performed, as well as small amplitude vibration tests and large amplitude deployments in order to collect data in a broad variety of cases. The postprocessing of the numerous raw data shows, with the help of statistical considerations, the good quality of the acquisitions. Finally, the finite element model proves to be fairly well correlated to the experimental results.


Potassium zinc phosphate was synthesized by solid-state reaction using K3PO4·3H2O and ZnSO4·7H2O as reagents. To investigate the influence of molar ratio, grinding time, holding temperature, holding time on yield and zinc content of the product, experimental project was designed by uniform design and data mining technology. Obtained product was characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope and energy disperses spectroscopy. The results show that the two mathematical models can be established by regression analysis according to yield and zinc content, which can be used to obtain the best technology conditions of solid-state reaction. Under the optimum reaction conditions: molar ratio of K3PO4·3H2O: ZnSO4·7H2O = 1.01, grinding time 31min, holding temperature 750°C, holding time 3.2 h, the prepared product is KZnPO4 with nano-lamellar structure, and the reaction average yield value is 84.33% and zinc content is 31.29%.


Objective To explore the effect of rehmannia glutinosa olysaccharide(RGP) on rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs) differentiation into neuron-like cells and Notch signaling pathway.Methods Rat BMSCs were experimented as the object,the P3-P5 generations of BMSCs were randomly divided into the control group and RGP group(0.2 mg/mL),and induced and cultured for 7 days.Immunocytochemistry assay and Western blotting method were used to detect Notchl,Jaggedl protein and intracellular domain of Notch 1(NICD) expressions at 4 point in time(0,1,3 and 7day) after the induction.The molecular mRNA expression and changes related to the Notch signaling pathway were analyzed by Real-time PCR.Results Immunofluorescence assay showed that the Notchl protein expression of BMSCs decreased over time in the RGP group,positive cell percentage decreased likewise,which was significantly different from the control group(P0.01).The Jaggedl positive cell rate of RGP group increased from induced end 0 d to 1 d after the induction,decreased significantly from 1d to 7d,and there was significant difference between each time point comparison(P0.05),also different from the control group(P0.05).Western blotting results were similar to that of the immunofluorescence method.Real-time PCR showed that Notchl mRNA expression decreased over time.Presenilinl decreased and then went up mildly afterwards,Hesl decreased,Mashl increased,and Jaggedl increased then decreased in the RCP group,which were significantly different from the control group at all durations(P 0.01).Conclusion RGP might restrain Notchl protein expression during BMSCs differentiations into neuron-like cells in vitro,and influence the related molecular mRNA expression of the Notch signaling pathway.


This paper presents a method to improve generalization capabilities of supervised neural networks based on topological data mapping used in Counter Propagation Networks (CPNs). Using topological data mapping on CPNs the method presented herein provides advantages to interpolate new data in sparse areas that exist among categories and to remove overlapping or conflicting data in original training data. Moreover, our method can control the number of training data by changing the size of the category map according to a problem to be solved. As a type of supervised neural networks combined with our method, we select Support Vector Machines (SVMs), which are attractive as learning algorithms having high generalization capabilities to be mapped to a high-dimensional space using kernel functions. We applied our method to classification problems of two-dimensional datasets for evaluation of basic characteristics of our method. Topological data mapping based compression of original training data induces resolution of conflict among data and reducing the number of Support Vectors (SVs) that are absorbed as soft margins. The classification results show that decision boundaries are changed and that generalization capabilities are improved using our method. Moreover, we applied our method to face recognition under various illumination conditions using the Yale Face Database B. The results indicate that our method provides not only improved generalization capabilities, but also visualizes spatial distributions of SVs on a category map.


In the summer of 1999, I returned to one of the villages in the Telengana region of Andhra Pradesh state in South India where I have done fieldwork off and on for the last 15 years.1 I went to see Jamulamma and her husband, Sanjanna, who live in the Madi-gere, the caste-segregated locality of the village where they and other low-caste Madigas live.2 Jamulamma's household owns no land and she earns a living of about 20 rupees (US$.50) a day as a field laborer. It was to her that I asked a question that had begun to puzzle me, "Why is it that the area under cotton [in Jamulamma's village] has gone up and more women and children are working in the cotton fields, but fewer of them are wearing cotton saris?"


Abstract Thermodynamic properties and phase change behaviors of polyethylene glycol (PEG) in blends with cellulose (CELL) were found to be completely different than those of pure PEG. When the CELL fraction of the blend was larger than 5 wt%, PEG within the blend did not melt into a liquid state, as was the case with pure PEG, even at a temperature over 50°C above its melting point. Instead of fusion, a solid-solid phase transition was found in these PEG-CELL blends with an enthalpy as large as 100 J/g.


Abstract At the air–sea interface, estimates of evaporation or latent heat flux and the Monin–Obukhov stability parameter require the measurements of dewpoint (Tdew) or wet-bulb temperature, which are not routinely available as compared to those of air (Tair) and sea surface temperature (Tsea). On the basis of thermodynamic considerations, this paper first postulates that the quantity of (qsea − qair) for the difference in specific humidity between the sea surface and its overlying air is related to the quantity of (Tsea − Tair). Using hourly measurements of all three temperatures, that is, Tsea, Tair, and Tdew from a buoy in the Gulf of Mexico under a severe cold air outbreak, a linear correlation between (qsea − qair) and (Tsea − Tair) does exist with a compelling high correlation coefficient, r, of 0.98 between these two quantities. Second, based on this Clausius-Clapeyron effect, the Bowen ratio B is proposed to relate to the quantity of (Tsea − Tair) only such that B = a(Tsea − Tair)b. Using all data...


Objective To observe the curative effect of knee osteoarthritis with mnimally invasive arthroscopic operation and local injection. Methods Choose 90 patients with knee osteoarthritis diagnosed as hospitalized patients from March2012 to February 2013. They were randomly divided into Dan- wei treatment group,Qu- li treatment group,and the control group. There were 30 cases in each group. Patients were informed consent and signed informed consent. All patients do Arthroscopic inflammation of the synovial membrane. Dan- wei treatment groups was with local pain points for injection of compound Dan red injection( 2 m L) and vitamin B12 injection( 0. 5 mg). Qu- li treatment group was with Umcy Ann Ned injection( 2 m L) with lidocaine hydrochloride injection( 1 m L). 1 time a week,3 times were a course of treatment.The control group was only with arthroscopic minimally invasive surgery. Follow up for 6 months after treatment. The clinical effect of Lysholm was evaluated by Lequsne efficacy and knee function score. Results Two scoring results are displayed.Compared with control group,The clinical therapetic effect of Dan- wei treatment group and Qu- li treatment group were obvious( P 0. 05). Compared the score of patients in Dan- wei treatment group and Qu- li treatment group,the difference of statistics are not obviously( P 0. 05). Conclusion There is good clinical therapetic effect of minimally invasive surgery combined with compound Dan red injection and vitamin B12 local acupoint injection for osteoarthritis of knee joint,and avoided the complications caused by the Qu- li treatment group.


We analyze several parameters that influence the amount of sales revenue in generic pharmaceutical companies in Indonesia. The parameters were firms' one-year lagged of total new products (t-1), one-year lagged profitability (t-1), and market share of new products. Annual data of six large generic pharmaceutical companies were included in the model for a time period spanned from 2003 to 2010. The regression analysis method uses fixed effect models, with generalized least squares (GLS) method. The result shows that firms' one-year lagged of total new product (t-1), one-year lagged profitability (t-1), and market share of new products to be positive and affect significantly the firms' sales revenue in the pharmaceutical generic companies in Indonesia.


In China, the construction of high-speed railway infrastructure plays a more and more important role in promoting economic growth. However, because of its large turning radius and incapability in bypassing and avoiding, the length of development line cannot meet the needs of separating tunnel, which has driven high-speed railway tunnel bifurcation structure become a necessity in regions with steep high mountains, gorges, ridges and valleys. In the big excavation area of bifurcation transition section, long construction period and collapse of the surrounding rock often happen. To solve those problems, we proposed a new method with rapid holing through procedure and pre-stressed anchor cable support. The methods go as follows. We put forward an optimized process of excavating and breaking through one side of the tunnel first and drilling back through the other side in consideration of the large excavation area and long construction period. We presented reinforced support system of pre-stressed anchor cable in view of problems including surrounding rocks with no secondary lining, unstable structure and unbalanced load releasing. The system has been applied to Bibanpo tunnel, a project in Shanghai-Kunming high-speed railway. By using this method, all difficulties during construction have been broken through, The study could be used as a valuable example for bifurcation structure construction in urban arterial roads and high-speed railway tunnel with the similar geological conditions such as Chengdu-Kunming high-speed railway, Chongqing-Kunming high-speed railway, and Chongqing-Changsha high-speed railway which are going to be constructed.


Abstract. Ahmed HA, Mwaura F, Thenya T, Kairo JG. 2022. Coastal and mangrove economic valuation associated fisheries and problems in Kwale County, Kenya. Indo Pac J Ocean Life 6: 17-27. The coastal fisheries in Kenya are essential to the livelihoods of the coastal communities. They provide employment, income, and food and support other auxiliary industries. Despite the socio-economic importance of coastal fisheries, various anthropogenic and climate change impact threatened their existence. Fish habitats, including mangroves, coral reefs, and seagrasses, are threatened by human activities such as aquaculture, mangrove extraction, unplanned expansion of coastal cities, and marine pollution. Usually, coastal fisheries are also neglected in key policy-making agendas. That is attributed to inadequate information and a lack of data on the socio-economic contribution of coastal communities engaged in fisheries. This study aimed to estimate the economic value to provide crucial information for policy making of mangrove ecosystem-based coastal fisheries in Kwale County. The study also attempted to establish the coastal fishery production trend for the past decade, to estimate the economic value of mangrove ecosystems to fishery production, and the future of coastal fisheries projecting based on Climate Compatible Development (CCD) and Business As Usual (BAU) scenarios. Combining the primary data from interviews with 242 respondents with secondary data, including a decade of fish catch data, were analyzed, which exhibited a continuous increase from 1,908 tonnes in 2004 to 2,450 tonnes in 2013 coastal fisheries production. The coastal fisheries value was estimated to be Ksh.182 million (US$ 2.2) annually after deducting all fishing-related costs in 2013. This study also estimated that mangrove ecosystems could support the production of 160kg/ha/year, comprable to Ksh.11,610/ha/year (US$ 198/ha/year). Moreover, the estimated values could be much higher than the calculated ones because a considerable amount of fish caught is unrecorded. The future projections reveal that the scenario of Business As Usual (BAU) is not sustainable. Hence, the study demands a shift to the scenario of Climate Compatible Development (CCD), which incorporates mitigation measures, climate change adaptation, and investment in infrastructure. The study recommends reviewing the existing fishery policies regarding the unique characteristics of coastal fisheries to ensure sustainable exploitation and address the challenges. The research also recommends further economic studies on the coastal fisheries value chain.


OBJECTIVE: To study the biodegradation of copolymer modified by nonviral gene carrier poly-L-lysine (PLL) and polyethylene glycol-PLL (PEG-PLL). METHODS: PLL and PEG-PLL copolymer were synthesized. By enzymatic hydrolysis in vitro, the viscosity (ηsp) change of PLL and PEG-PLL copolymer was investigated by the method of viscosity measurement under the effect of trypsin, the relationship of the structure of copolymer with the biodegradation was analyzed. RESULTS: Trypsin could catalyze biodegradation of PLL and PEG-PLL copolymer effectively. There was the linear relationship between the velocity of enzymatic hydrolysis reaction and enzyme concentration (R2=0.977 5). With molecular weight of PLL increasing, the velocity of biodegradation of PLL was stepped down. The velocity of biodegradation of PEG-PLL increased rapidly as the content of PEG increased. CONCLUSION: Different molecular weight of PLL and the PEG content of PEG-PLL have some effect on the biodegradation.


With the boom in mobile web applications and the electronic payment industry, the use of credit cards for fraudulent purposes is increasing. How to handle credit card fraud in a timely manner is now the pressing challenge for financial institutions and operators to overcome. To address this problem, this paper conducts experiments using the credit card public dataset available on Kaggle. For the uneven distribution of data samples in the dataset, this paper uses the down sampling method, followed by feature filtering by ranking the importance of the features in the dataset, and finally using XGoost and the multilayer perceptron to analyse and predict credit card fraud in the dataset. This study tests the performance of the two models using accuracy, recall, and f1-score in order to fairly assess how well they perform on this issue. Empirical evidence shows that the XGBoost model outperforms the multilayer perceptron model in the credit card fraud problem.


The invention discloses a method for inspecting power transmission lines on a hillside by using an unmanned plane; the method is realized on the basis of an aircraft system which is composed of a power supply module, a main processing module, a rotor motor dragging module, a posture detection module, a wireless video module, a data memory module, a GPS (Global Positioning System) positioning module, a wireless remote control module and a remote controller; the main processing module reads pole and tower information in the data memory module, combines with the GPS positioning module to determine the positions of targeted poles and towers and combines with an atmospheric pressure sensor in the posture detection module to control the aircraft to finish the inspection for the poles and the towers on the hillside. The method for inspecting the power transmission lines on the hillside by using the unmanned plane solves manual inspection obstacles caused by the factors such as complex terrains; inspectors can stay at simple terrains such as the foot of a hill to inspect pole and tower lines at the complex terrains; on the premise that the high-quality completion of inspection tasks is ensured, the less investment of manpower and material resources is realized, the operation and maintenance staffs' working efficiency is greatly improved and the reliability of a power grid is ensured.


the horror of the violence against protestors, and the resistant hope in the play's conclusion. In one powerful presentation by the group, Belarus-based actor Ales Malchanau joined the live performance as Corpse on October 18, 2020. Positioned before a window that looked out over Minsk, Malchanau's cinematic performance displayed the full range of his character through distilled physical action and vocal dexterity. He moved gracefully from a boisterous and energetic hockey fan to a committed freedom fighter, wrapping himself in the historical white-red-white flag of the opposition, to a still, heartbroken, and gentle wounded warrior. The abrupt tonal shifts in the script and the Arlekin Players Theatre's performances captured the state of confusion in the rapidly shifting reality in Belarus following the August election.


To measure pO2 in gases or fluids and pH in solutions the fluorescence indicators pyrene butyric acid and β-methylumbelliferone, respectively, were nanoencapsulated to obtain nano-probes for measurement in physiological structures of nano-range. For pH the fluorescence changes of β-methylumbelliferone were monitored, for pO2 the fluorescence quenching of pyrene butyric acid by oxygen were registered. Drawing log(S1/S2) versus pH, one obtains a straight line between the pH from 6 to 8. A linear increase in pO2 between O and 400 torr yields a linear increase in the reciprocal fluorescence signal.