alike. The latter point has particular significance for how we approach the "sense of place" concept. As Myadar makes clear, the dominant narrative about Mongolia is not just a product of external stereotyping; it is also reflected and reinforced internally as Mongolia seeks to carve out its independence from its powerful neighbors and promote nation-building. There is, in short, a synergistic external-internal dynamic at work in the development of Mongolia's sense of place – a point with obvious significance for work in cultural geography focused on the emotive and imaginary dimensions of place. Mobility and Displacement is also a book worth reading for the skillful way in which Myadar lays out the story she recounts. She effectively draws on her own experiences growing up there and what she learned from interviews she conducted to give the narrative greater depth and meaning. Moreover, in clear prose with minimal jargon, she lays out the theoretical influences on her work – from the geographic literature on sense of place (notably Sack and Casey), to studies of nationalism (Anderson and Billig), to broader contributions to the social-theory literature (Heidegger, Deleuze and Guattari, Bourdieu, Lefevre, Marx, and others). To be sure, the book stops short of fully engaging some questions that are at least implicitly raised (perhaps a product of the book's relatively short length). How different is the Mongolian case from others where certain historical circumstances are glorified for nationalist ends or stereotyped by outsiders (Portugal as a land of sea farers, the Netherlands as a land of dike-builders)? What are the implications of some of those cases being European for understanding how Mongolia's postcolonial status influenced the development of the unfenced nomad trope? In a different vein, are there places in Mongolia that fit this trope better than others (e.g. the semi-arid margins of the Gobi Desert)? If so, how do those places feed into or challenge the dominant narrative about the country? Such intriguing questions may not be fully addressed in this book, but that does not take away from what Myadar has accomplished. Her critical interrogation of the dominant geographical depiction of Mongolia sheds important light on a particular place while also encouraging thinking about the ways overarching narratives shape understandings and actions (for example how the dominant narrative about Mongolia works against serious engagement with the realities facing the country today – a point taken up in the conclusion). Such insights, when considered alongside the rich interweaving of empirical and theoretical material, make this a book eminently worth reading.


This paper studies a policymaker's optimal choice between redistribution and efficient public investment. Under political instability, there is myopic government behavior which results in underinvestment. Above some critical value of political instability, it is optimal not to invest at all. This finding also suggests that it may be rational for governments to refrain from anti-corruption investment, even if they are not rent-seeking themselves.


ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Both professionally and personally there are a lot of people who have helped me get this far. Professionally, I'd like to thank Ramesh and Rahul for giving me such an inspiring environment for research and intellectual growth. You both have always had your doors open no matter how busy you were. Personally, I'd like to thank my roommates who were always around to help me run amok when the time was right. I'd also like to thank Steve for helping me a little farther along on my spiritual journey to find a better balance between my scientific nature and the supernatural world. Lastly I'd like to thank mom and dad. You both taught me so many of the lessons I needed to get this far.


ion methods transform a huge amount of numerical, time-stamped values into a convenient set of easy to understand qualitative descriptions of the patient's situation. This results in diminishing the information overload by visualizing the available information in a user specific and capable way: the physicians can recognize and predict a critical patient's condition more easily, which finally ensures a better treatment management. 5.3.3 Bridging to Higher-Level Reasoning More sophisticated reasoning tasks need more advanced representations than numerical data or simple qualitative assessments. Our approach facilitates tagging various time-oriented data sets according to a set of qualitative and more intuitive classifications. These qualitative characteristics over time can be matched against conditions from a rule base, which results in more obvious and simple rule base. At the same time, this rule base enables more powerful reasoning components to be applied.


Early in the COVID-19 pandemic, it was clear that residents in LTCF were at elevated risk for infection and severe disease. Outbreaks in LTCF in various countries highlighted the need for an organized response.4–6 In Israel, the first COVID-19 outbreak in an LTCF occurred on March 15, 2020, followed by a rapid increase of cases (see Figure 1). During this period, the cumulative mortality rate in LTCF increased from 0.1 deaths per 10,000 residents on March 20 to 4.5 on April 11. By April 13, about 30% of the total COVID-19 deaths in the country occurred in LTCF. There are (as of April 2020) 88,904 residents living in 1315 Israeli LTCF, 3.5% of the elderly population, for which four different government ministries are responsible. This structure presented a challenge for decision makers to set consistent guidelines for best practice.


Alveolar infiltration of neutrophils (PMNs) characterizes Streptococcus pneumoniae lung infection. Using in vitro lung epithelium and human PMNs, we have shown that S. pneumoniae‐induced PMN transepithelial migration is mediated by the PMN chemoattractant hepoxilin A3 (HXA3), an eicosanoid metabolized from arachidonic acid (AA). Release of AA from membrane phospholipids is the rate‐limiting step in eicosanoid generation. We studied the role of phospholipase A2 (PLA2), which generates AA, on S. pneumoniae‐elicited PMN transpeithelial migration. We found that pneumococcal infection resulted in release of AA from lung epithelial cells. This event was partially inhibited by pan‐ PLA2 inhibitors ONO‐RS‐082 and ACA, and also by diacylglycerol (DAG) lipase inhibitor. Pan‐PLA2 inhibitors significantly reduced S. pneumoniae‐induced PMN transmigration, but the DAG lipase inhibitor had no effect. We found that, both cytosolic PLA2 (cPLA2) and secretory PLA2 (sPLA2) are important for generation of free AA and inhibition of these enzymes lead to dramatic reduction in PMN migration. We observed that S. pneumoniae infection caused increase in the phosphorylation of cPLA2, suggesting a mechanism whereby S. pneumoniae activates cPLA2 and sPLA2 to generate free AA that may be converted to HXA3 which ultimately mediate PMN transmigration. This research is supported by institutional funds of Professor Leong.


This paper describes research focused on investigating the effect of hydrogen (H) atom insertion into the grain boundaries of polycrystalline diamond (PCD) films. This is required in order to understand the key morphological, chemical, physical, and electronic properties of the films. The PCD films were grown using the hot filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD) process, with flowing Ar gas mixed with CH4 and H2 gases to control film growth into microcrystalline diamond (MCD, 0.5–3 µm grain sizes), nanocrystalline diamond (NCD, 10–500 nm grain sizes), and ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD, 2–5 nm grain sizes) films depending on the Ar/CH4/H2 flow ratios. This study focused on measuring the H atom concentration of the PCD films to determine the effect on the properties indicated above. A simple model is presented, including a hypothesis that the two dangling bonds per unit cell of C atoms serve as the site of hydrogen incorporation. This correlates well with the observed concentration of H atoms in the films. Dangling bonds which are not passivated by hydrogen are postulated to form surface structures which include C double bonds. The Raman peak from these surface structures are the same as observed for transpolyacetyline (TPA). The data reveal that the concentration of H atoms at the grain boundaries is around 1.5 × 1015 atoms/cm2 regardless of grain size. Electrical current measurements, using a conductive atomic force microscopy (CAFM) technique, were performed using an MCD film, showing that the current is concentrated at the grain boundaries. Ultraviolet photo electron spectroscopy (UPS) confirmed that all the PCD films exhibited a metallic behavior. This is to be expected if the nature of grain boundaries is the same regardless of grain size.


Aiming at highway soft soil subgrade,mechanism of on-line monitoring fiber Bragg grating sensing was analyzed and tested.A new system integrated fiber Bragg grating sesing technology with network for monitoring soft soil subgrade deformation was developed.Monitoring system can get data tested in construction scene on real time,and show inspecting parameters by graphical interfaces and alrm to soft-soil subgrade sedimentation according to contrast calculation of real time data and historical data.In Dechang highway this system was applied.The testing equipments run normally and the monitoring system was reliable,and the testing data consisit with actual status.


This paper has two main goals. The first goal is directed to the overall problematic of the development of the mountain areas, giving particular attention to the generic constraints that can be expected especially in the less favoured mountain areas of Southern Europe. That is, areas traditionally submitted to the dominance of a poor agriculture practised under very harsh conditions, difficult accessibility and showing a persistent demographic drainage. The second goal is to conduct a reflection of some preliminary results of the Portuguese case study, which is part of a broad theoretical and empirical research that includes five European Mediterranean countries under the framework of a FAIR project. This reflection is based on the answers given by a sample of actual entrepreneurs, about the main factors that strengthen or undermine the development of their business. The paper will focus on rural entrepreneurship both in the secondary and tertiary sectors. This opinion is in tune not only with the theoretical idea that it is necessary to promote and support non agricultural activities in order to develop the less favoured rural areas, but it is also in tune with recent policy options of the European Union. Currently several EU initiatives aim at the promotion of activities, recognising that agriculture can be, no more, the rural industry, responsible for the socio-economic development of most


Aprepitant plus palonosetron and dexamethasone showed early promise for preventing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting among patients with colorectal cancer who are undergoing FOLFOX chemotherapy, according to results of a small pilot study.


Party identification has been studied extensively using both individual- and aggregate-level data. This paper attempts to formulate a statistical model that can account for the range of empirical generalizations that have emerged from aggregate time series and panel surveys. Using Monte Carlo simulation, we show that only certain types of data generation processes can account for these empirical regularities. Deciding which of the remaining types best explains the data means investigating the ways in which individual-level partisanship behaves over time. Partisanship at the aggregate-level tends to be highly autocorrelated, reequilibrating slowly in the wake of each perturbation. Working downward from the analysis of aggregate data, previous researchers argued that aggregate partisanship is fractionally integrated and contended that dynamics at the individual level are therefore heterogeneous. Using data from three panel surveys, we present the first direct assessment of individual-level dynamics. We also investigate the hypothesis that these dynamics vary among individuals, a claim that motivates much recent work on fractionally integrated time series. The model that best explains the observed characteristics of party identification is one in which individuals respond in similar ways to external shocks, reequilibrate rapidly thereafter, and seldom change their equilibrium level of partisan attachment.


Cage aquaculture technology in deep sea has been developing rapidly,which is enriching our table.But there are some questions.For example: if a sea cage is broken,the fish in the sea cage may escape from the cage.Some effective methods should be provided to ensure the safe operation of cages.Sound is a very good tool to do it in ocean.Several kinds of acoustic methods that can be introduced in this paper:(1) the cage monitor technique using the acoustic alert method;(2) the fish size based on the fish's target strength(TS);(3) the acoustic monitor technology on the quantity recognition technology and the feeding process.


The learning process that is currently taking place is still using conventional media, namely by using blackboard media and printed books so that it is still not optimal in increasing understanding of good manners and morals for students. In this way students pay less attention to explanations because they still have to learn while playing. This makes the teachers overwhelmed because they have to explain the material while the students are still in the stage of liking the game. The method used in this research is the development of the Analysis Design Development Implementation Evaluation (ADDIE) system. To measure the success rate of understanding daily etiquette and morals from students, a test instrument is used, namely the alpha testing instrument, namely expert review (experts) and beta which will later be in the form of pretest and posttest. The results obtained at this time is an application of learning etiquette and daily morality that has been tested using alpha and beta testing methods. Based on the results of the expert review that has been carried out, the results obtained are 4.1 in the Very Valid category. Furthermore, for the results of the field test, namely the alpha and beta tests obtained from the results of the pretest and posttest, the average student got 88 results in the high category. This indicates an increase in learning from students before and after the use of animation applications.


The potential of bacterial cell wall components in the treatment of various cancers was initially realised in the late 1800s during pioneering work with Coley's toxins. Since this preliminary work, efforts have been concentrated on the isolation and identification of bacterial components that lead to tumour regression. Trehalose dimycolates (TDMs) are compounds isolated from the M. tuberculosis cell wall and are known to activate macrophages to give a polarised Th1 immune response resulting in reduced tumour burden. Consequently, TDMs have shown great promise in the treatment of solid tumours.
In this thesis, work is presented towards the synthesis of trehalose glycolipid prodrugs that will be specifically activated inside the hypoxic tumour microenvironment, and thereby lead to a more selective form of cancer therapy. These hypoxia-activated trehalose glycolipids incorporate a nitroimidazole trigger that fragments upon enzymatic reduction (in the absence of oxygen) to give the active glycolipid. Throughout the course of this work, it was determined that the nitroimidazole trigger group could not be directly attached to the glycolipid and thus, an alternative carbonate-linker strategy was explored through the use of a reporter fluoroprobe. The validity of this approach was determined in various enzyme and cell-based assays.


Medical devices contribute to the attainment of the highest standards of health for individuals, but at the same time the universe of medical devices is diverse with wide variations in potential severity of harm to the patient or user. That is why competent regulatory authority in each country should allocate its resources and imposes controls proportional to the potential for harm associated with medical devices. This will result to safety improvement and high performance of medical devices when placed on the market.As part of the European Union legislative framework, on April 2017 two new proposals on medical devices were adopted. The two new legal instruments include: Regulation (EU) 2017/745 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 April 2017 on medical devices, amending Directive 2001/83/EC, Regulation (EC) 178/2002 and Regulation (EC) 1223/2009 and repealing Council Directives 90/385/EEC and 93/42/EEC; Regulation (EU) 2017/746 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 April 2017 on in vitro diagnostic medical devices and repealing Directive 98/79/EC and Commission Decision 2010/227/EU. The two new regulations will enter into force after a transition period of 3 for the Regulation on medical devices (spring 2020) and 5 years (spring 2022) for the Regulation on in vitro diagnostic medical devices. They will have as a result the ensurance of DOI: 10.18044/Medinform.201741.591 Original Article MedInform I S S U E 1 , 2 0 1 7 592 MedInform consistently high level of health and safety protection for all European Union citizens as well as free and fair trade of the products throughout all Member states.


The Fairway oil field in Anderson and Henderson Counties, often described as a model example of present day oil and gas conservation in Texas, is well underway with a secondary recovery system by miscible drive techniques. The field, operated by Hunt Oil Co., was developed in the early 1960's, and each step from exploration to production, to unitization, and now to secondary recovery, has been carried out with a maximum amount of long range planning that is paying off with the predicted favorable results. Almost since discovery, operators have been working toward an eventual miscible drive recovery program. This early planning greatly simplified the equipment installation. Approximately 145 wells exist in the Fairway unit, some of which are due on triple completions with production from Glen Rose, Rodessa and Pettit limestone, as well as the unitized James lime. A discussion of equipment is presented for the injection headers, source water well system, the water pumping plant, gas injection compressors, and future injection plant development.


Establishes a Commission on More Effective Government to study and recommend ways of promoting economy, efficiency, and improved service within the Federal Government. Directs the Commission to recommend methods to improve the relationship between Federal, State, and local governments. Provides for the appointment of members of the Commission by the President, the Speaker of the House of Representatives, and the President pro tempore of the Senate. Sets forth provisions governing the organization and compensation of the Commission and its staff. Empowers the Commission to establish advisory councils and committees as it deems appropriate without regard to the provisions of the Federal Advisory Committee Act. Sets forth the powers of the Commission enabling it to gather information free from subsequent review or comment by any Federal agency. Directs the Commission to submit its final report to the Congress ten days after the Ninety-eighth Congress convenes. Terminates the Commission 90 days after such date. Authorizes the appropriation of funds necessary to carry out this Act.


High power microwave sources in Tera Hertz range are a growing need in various applications such as medical, security, communication, linear accelerators and colliders. Due to miniature structure of the THz devices, it is difficult to achieve high power by using conventional dispenser (B-type) cathode due to low emission capability. Emission enhancement by several fold is possible by coating the B-type cathode with an alloy of W-2Re-2Os. Apart from high emission, the coating provides high uniformity which is a requirement for a better beam laminarity. Accelerated life studies shows a better longevity of this cathode as compared to a B-type cathode. The superior emission capability coupled with emission uniformity suggests that this cathode is a suitable candidate for use in THz devices where the emission requirement is more than 50 A/cm 2 .


A mobile application is designed to help drivers in informing their insurance providers when having car breakdown issue. This enable driver to have a reliable and transparent medium in getting assistance from the insurance provider. The driver is able to use the system easily and instantly as this mobile application requires a few steps in order to use it. Once the driver uses Road Assist in informing their insurance provider, the insurance provider will receive an alert upon their system. The alert is able to notify the insurance provider regarding the user that faced problem regarding car breakdown issue. Furthermore, Road Assist is implementing Artificial Intelligence (AI) in deploying chatbot. Chatbot is used to ease the drivers in getting help from the insurance provider. This research paper consists of several aspects that are important in developing the proposed project during the implementation phase. The aspects are introduction to the study which related to the background information of the proposed project, literature review regarding the domain research, research methods that have done in gathering the data, requirement validation of the data that has been gained during research methods, and conclusion about this research.


Feasibility of Electro slurry process of Sb 2S 3 was analyzed from thermodynamics. The result show that the solubility of Sb 2S 3 in natrium chloride salt solution is improved obviously, Electro slurry process of Sb 2S 3 was a feasible method.


Recent advances in the chemistry of /3-lactam antibiotics have created novel nuclei, such as carbapenems. One of the structural peculiarity of carbapenems is to have 6^-hydroxyethyl side chain as well as the highly strained ring system. Onthe other hand, the most of the cephalosporin antibiotics has the amide side chain at the 7/3position, and so the biological property of the corresponding cephalosporin having hydroxyethyl side chain at the 7a-position has become of interest in recent years. Accordingly, the Merck group investigated homothienamycin 11} as a new carbacephem and reported that its antibacterial activity was quite low level. We thought that the poor activity


With funding from National Science Foundation, a project-based experiential course has been introduced at the freshman level to acquaint students with the engineering field, and to attract students into engineering technology from the general pool of undeclared majors at the university. The course also gives the student a head start for success in courses that come later in the curriculum with the expectation that early exposure to various topics in engineering will lead to improved student success and retention. The course has a heavy emphasis on laboratory activities with an equally strong focus on 'just-in-time' theory. The learning platform of the course is a magnetic ball levitator, and the course prepares the students to be able to design and construct the levitator system by the end of the semester. The engineering topics have been selected in a way that they are central to accomplishing the project goal, and the laboratory exercises provide them with the hands-on experience necessary to complete the project.


A compact open ended CPW-fed ZOR antenna is presented and developed. The CRLH transmission line is terminated by a rectangular stub offers high capacitance at higher frequencies and therefore acts as a virtual ground plane. The effect of meandered line inductor is also investigated as resonant frequencies can be configured by varying the current travelling paths. Series capacitor is provided by means of conventional interdigital capacitor. Proposed antenna has compact size with 0.24 λ0 × 0.16 λ0 × 0.013 λ0 at ƒ0 = 2.45 GHz. It shows simulated gain of 1.25 dB with 80.2% radiation efficiency at 2.45 GHz. In addition to that presented antenna shows excellent omnidirectional and dipolar type radiation patterns at H-plane and E-plane respectively with cross polarization level is as below as −50 dB. This antenna is suitable to be used for Bluetooth applications.


A hidden Markov model (HMM)-based parameter estimation scheme is proposed for wideband speech recovery. In each Markov state, the estimation efficiency is improved using a new mapping function derived from the weighted least squares of vector deviations. The experimental results reveal that the performance of the proposed scheme is superior to that combining the HMM and Gaussian mixture model (GMM).


This paper explores responses from the Survey of the Performance of American Elections (SPAE) from 2008 to 2016, a large nationwide survey of voters following each presidential election, with the aim to summarize the experience of voters at the polls during that period. A background of the SPAE project is given. Substantive topics include (1) reasons for not voting, (2) the quality of the voting experience, (3) voter identification, (4) waiting to vote, and (5) attitudes about reform. In the second on reform, attention is given to beliefs about the prevalence of election fraud, attitudes toward election reform, attitudes toward requiring photo IDs, all-mail voting, and automatic voter registration. The paper is primarily descriptive, but also provides overviews of how the attitudes and experiences described in the SPAE correlated with political and demographic measures that are contained in, or can be merged with, the SPAE data files.


Based on statistical data of environment and economics in 2001-2010,the discharge characteristics of oil pollutants from industrial wastewater and its impact factors in the circum-Bohai Sea region were analyzed by mathematical statistic method. Results showed that the discharge amount of oil pollutants from industrial wastewater had the stage characteristics during the past few years,and its pollution emission intensity decreased year by year. Oil pollutant from Liaoning,Hebei and Shandong Province had taken up most of the total discharge amount. Industrialization level,oil mining and processing,industrial pollution source treatment,industrial resource utilization efficiency and number of industrial pollution sources were the main factors affecting oil pollutant discharge in the region. In the long term,extending the petrochemical industry chain,improving production of high value-added products and the clean production level,and building up industry cluster scale and centralized pollution treatment facility benefits would be the fundamental ways of controlling oil pollution.


This paper presented a multi-agent network architecture for monitoring human health conditions based on new wireless mobile technologies. This architecture provides the basis for the use of intelligent agents to provide better health care to patients, particularly in the case of home care for chronic illnesses, the cost increases because of an aging population in the world.


This study examined the fisheries of Ilaje Fishing Community, Badagry, Lagos State. The species composition, length-weight relationships, correlation parameters of landings, fishing gears and crafts, post-harvest technology and socio-economic profile of Fishermen were investigated. Species were sampled fortnightly from July to December, 2017 and respondents were sampled with structured questionnaire and discussion with key informants and focused group. The slope (b) values obtained for the 36 fish species from 22 families ranged from -1.5826 to 8.4126 with most of the fish species having negative allometric growth. Lowest condition factor (K) (0.321) was recorded in Trichiurus lepturus (Trichiuridae) while the highest value (20.304) was observed in Calappa rubroguttata (Calappidae). Majority of the canoe are motorized by 40 horse powered engine, with the fish species captured preserved with the use of traditional smoking kiln, while socioeconomic status of the fisherfolks is concluded to be average/low. Output of analyses of length and weight measurement of some species, which were landed in Ilaje Fishing Community, Badagry, Lagos State, Nigeria, which have not been reported, are available for referrer for further studies.


Richard W. Carlson received the Norman L. Bowen Award at the 2008 AGU Fall Meeting Honors Ceremony, held 17 December in San Francisco, Calif. The award recognizes outstanding contributions to volcanology, geochemistry, or petrology.


Sir: Oxanosine (1)1.2) is a novel nucleoside antibiotic isolated from the culture filtrate of Streptoinyces capreolus MG265-CF3. The total synthesis of 1 was recently reported by us.') In this paper we wish to describe the synthesis and biological properties of 2'-deoxyoxanosine (2). The synthesis of 2 was performed according to the deoxygenation procedure developed by ROBINS and WILSON') (Scheme 1). Treatment of 1 with 1,3-dichloro 1,1,3,3tetraisopropyl disiloxane (in pyridine, room temp, 4 hours) afforded 3',5'-O-(1,1,3,3-tetraisopropyl disilox-1,3-diyl)oxanosine (3) [76%, mp 199202°C, SIMS: m/z 527 (M+H)+]. 3 was coupled with phenoxythiocarbonyl chloride by means of 4-dimethylaminopyridine (in CH3CN, room temp, 1 hour) to give 2'O-phenoxythiocarbonyl-3',5'-O-(l, l , 3, 3-tetraisoTable 1. Antimicrobial spectra of oxanosine deoxyoxanosine (peptone agar). and 2'-


Abstract In the 1930s W.H. Auden taught at several public schools in Britain while simultaneously embarking on his poetic career. Later in life, he lectured at various educational institutions and returned to Oxford, his alma mater, in the 1950s as Oxford Professor of Poetry. His experience of teaching allowed Auden to reflect upon the pitfalls of Britain's interwar educational system and its social function. Therefore, this article diverts attention from the prevailing scholarly focus on Auden's poetry to his critical prose in order to examine the poet's concerns about the content, purpose and role of education in society, his views on the structure of the educational system and disquiet about the tension between the utilitarian and humanistic dimensions of the educational process. At a more general level, the paper points out the relation that Auden maintained existed between education, democracy, art and the "crystallizing" power of poetry.


We found an IL-6 level-enhancing compound during our synthetic study of trehalose-6,6'-dimycolate (1, TDM, formerly called cord factor) analogues. TDM is a glycolipid distributed in the cell wall of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and shows significant antitumor activity based on an immunoadjuvant activity. However, due to its significant toxicity, TDM is not yet applicable for practical use. In 1993, Datta and Takayama reported the purification of trehalose-6,6'-dicorynomycolate (2c, TDCM) from Corynebacterium spp. We have previously reported the synthesis of four diastereomeric TDCMs and showed that the synthetic (2R,3R,2'R,3'R)-TDCM (2c, hereafter abbreviated RRRR-TDCM-C14) is identical to natural TDCM; we also demonstrated that 2c and SSSS-TDCM-C14 (3c) showed significant antitumor activity as well as inhibitory activity in experimental lung metastasis based on the immunoadjuvant activity. Furthermore, we found that the significant lethal toxicity in mice by TDM (1) was no longer observed with the shorter-chain analogues of TDCMs. Therefore, we have elucidated that the 2,3-antistereochemistry (RR or SS) of the fatty acid residue is promising for biological activities. The chain length of the fatty acid residue should also be important for the biological activity, and thus, we designed a general synthetic procedure for trehalose diesters with 2,3-antistereochemistry and a series of chain lengths by using Noyori's asymmetric reduction of beta,beta-ketoesters followed by antiselective alkylation according to Frater to give beta,beta-hydroxy alcohols as the key steps. Thus, we prepared trehalose diesters (TDCM) 2a-d, 3a-d, and 4a-d as well as monoesters (TMCM) 5a-d and 6a-d. Immunological activities of TDCMs and TMCMs were evaluated by determining IL-6 level enhancement in mouse serum, and we found that RRRR-TDCM-C14 (2c) and RRSS-TDCM-C14 (4c) showed significant IL-6 level enhancement activities.


Objective: To know and to evaluate therapeutic compliance and results of the treatment of patients with tuberculosis (TBC). Method: Cross-sectional descriptive study based on the retrospective analysis of clinical records from patients with diagnosed TBC in the Salamanca University Hospital between January 1st, 1998 and March 31st, 2003. 252 patients complied with the inclusion requirements, from which 150 were selected in a simple random way. For its analysis, the standards and definitions recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Investigation Unit Against Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases (UICTER) were followed. Results: Level of satisfactory results 31.3%, mortality 7.3% and potentially unsatisfactory results 47.3%. In 56 patients' (37.3%) clinical records, it was not found enough information to know the treatment's result. Significant statistical differences were obtained according to the inclusion in the risk group, co-morbility, personal/family background about the disease, and the patient's social situation. Conclusions: Current control of TBC is neither optimal nor adequate and the healthcare situation of patients with tuberculosis is, at least, improvable


XRD pattern of β-Ga2O3 powder, synthesized through template-free two step hydrothermal method at low temperature thoroughly, is investigated by imposing different methods of analysis. Both crystall...


The utility model relates to a platform which is used when the carrying capacity of a pile is tested. The upper surface of a reinforced concrete plate is fixedly provided with two or more than two reinforced concrete beams which are vertically and horizontally arranged in a crossed mode better. A plurality of reinforced concrete beams which are vertically and horizontally arranged comprise main beams with larger cross section and junior beams with minor cross section, and the junior beams which are vertically and horizontally arranged are arranged in the interval space of the main beams which are vertically and horizontally arranged. The reinforced concrete plate can be square or rectangular, or the reinforced concrete plate can form other proper shapes. The whole pile static loaded test reinforced concrete platform can be cast for one time, or the junior beams can be prefabricated, and after the plate and the main beam are cast, the junior beams are hoisted to proper positions. The reinforced concrete platform can provide counter force and can be used as the foundation of ballast weight. The size dimension of the platform and the thickness of the plate can be calculated according to the calculation requirements of reinforced concrete. The utility model has the advantages that the test requirements of the carrying capacity of a pile with big ton diameter can be satisfied, and the disposable manufacturing cost is low.


Acute myocardial infarction (MI) initiates an increase in cardiac sympathetic nerve activity (SNA), which exacerbates ventricular remodelling and cardiac dysfunction. Ghrelin, a growth hormone‐releasing peptide, is an effective treatment for improving cardiac function in chronic heart failure. Ghrelin may also have important therapeutic benefits during the early stages of MI, since studies have shown that ghrelin reduces sympathetic tone. In this study we hypothesised that ghrelin would prevent the increase in cardiac SNA that normally occurs following MI. Cardiac SNA was continuously recorded in urethane‐anaesthetized rats for five hours following ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Rats received either saline or ghrelin (150 μg/kg, s.c.) one minute, or two hours, after infarction. SNA remained stable in sham rats. Myocardial infarction induced a maximal 110% increase in SNA, which was completely prevented in those rats that also immediately received an injection of ghrelin. When ghrelin was injected two hours after the MI (when SNA had increased by ∼85%), SNA significantly fell to pre‐MI activity. These results show that ghrelin acutely prevents the increase in cardiac SNA following MI. Further studies are now essential to determine whether this prophylactic benefit of ghrelin will aid in attenuating subsequent cardiac dysfunction. A Departmental Grant supported this research.


This paper puts in question the hermeneutic approach to the philosophical analysis of films, by showing this approach inadequate to allow the sense and truth of works of cinema arise and develop. An interactive and performative approach seems to be better. Cinematographic works as David Lynch's help to understand this shift from the hermeneutic conception of truth to the interactive one, if we can see these films as genuine "hermeneutic impossibilities". The paper also contains a criticism against the hermeneutic approach still sustained in my book Cine: 100 anos de filosofia (Cinema: 100 years of philosophy), 1999.


OBJECTIVE
The aim of the study was to assess early symptoms of depression in regular occupational health examination using the objective measures based on electroencephalographic (EEG) signal analysis.

METHODS
The study was performed on 125 volunteer participants. The resting state EEG signal was recorded for seven minutes. The spectral asymmetry index (SASI) and Higuchi's fractal dimension (HFD) were calculated in EEG channel Pz. Parallel, the participants were subjected to two psychological tests, observer-rated HAM-D and self-rated EST-Q-D.

RESULTS
The SASI revealed depressive symptoms for 64.8%, HFD for 55.2%, HAM-D for 44.8% and EST-Q-D for 28.8% of participants. Combination of two different measures indicated depression symptoms up to 78.4% of participants.

CONCLUSIONS
The results of this study confirm the feasibility of indication of early symptoms of depression applying EEG based objective measures.


Purpose: Angiomyolipoma (AML) is a benign mesenchymal tumor in which mature adipose tissue, thick walled vasculature, smooth muscle tissue and special myoid cells expressing melanin are observed in varying proportions. In this article, we aimed to present the patients with different clinical and microscopic features diagnosed with renal AML in our clinic between 2008-2018 and provide acurrent information in the diagnosis of AML. Material and Methods: Fifteen Renal AML cases which were diagnosed Department of Medical Pathology between 2008-2018 were retrospectively evaluated. Results: Two of the 15 patients were male and 13 were female and their ages ranged from 37 to 74 years (mean59±10 years). Their sizes were between 0.7 and 15 cm and averaged 5.1±3,2 cm. One patient had tuberous sclerosis. In 7 cases, capsule integrity was lost and in one case perforation was observed. Microscopic examination revealed mature adipose tissue, thick walled vein structures and spindle epithelioid cells in 13 cases. Four cases were rich in adipose tissue, 1 case was rich in spindle epithelioid cells and 3 cases were rich in vascular structures. Conclusion: AML is a tumour which is characterized by different clinical features, microscopic and macroscopic findings. It can be observed incidentally, and can be detected by complications such as bleeding and perforation when it reaches a very large size. It is important to keep in mind in differential diagnosis that not all components can always coexist and that certain components can be dominant. Key words: Angiomyolipoma, tuberoussclerosis, kidney


The pedagogical training of nursing teacher in higher education has been contemplated in the academic current debate, in the sense to enhance the teaching work, meaning endow this professor of analytical perspectives that will help him understand the historical, social, cultural and organizational contexts in which gives his teaching activity. The professor of nursing is faced with the responsibility of nursing education, which is focused on the knowledge of the skills and general abilities, as provided for the National Curriculum Guidelines for undergraduate nursing courses. This dissertation aimed, from a Professional Master's in Education in Health (PMEH), understand how professional training the stricto sensu influences the performance of the nursing teacher in higher nursing education. The study recognizes the importance of pedagogical training of teachers and points to the need of these professionals pay attention to the education based on transmission of contents, seeking to work knowledge in order to add to the experience of the student. It is a qualitative research of descriptive nature, with data collected by document analysis and semi-structured interviews, and data processed by the triangulation method. The research subjects were the master's students of the first classes of PMEH, the Fluminense Federal University (FFU) that not worked in teaching prior to the start of the course. The referential of this research is based on the Maurice Tardif and Selma Garrido Pimenta theory. The results of the research points to several aspects that enhance the assumption drawn by the survey, that professional training the stricto sensu contributes to the updating and permanent training of the nurse-teacher. The product originated this study was to hold a video, presenting and discussing the teaching skills identified by Celso Antunes as necessary to the formation of critical and reflective teacher.


The task for foster carers is complex and emotionally demanding on many levels. A crucial aspect of maintaining a successful placement is that carers have developed the metacognitive skills for thinking about the foster child's mind, to mentalise and resist their own impulses to react 'unthinkingly' in the face of sometimes extreme provocation. Leslie Ironside describes a training for foster carers, rooted in clinical practice, which promotes this reflective state of mind. The effectiveness of this training is enhanced by group work and is therefore also efficient in the use of a child mental health clinician's time. This article describes the theoretical underpinning of the training and uses a case example to illustrate how experiential learning in a group can powerfully bring the practical and psychological challenges of the fostering task into the reflective space. The cohesion and mutual trust within the group are shown to be of critical importance for enabling personal exploration. The model is potentially replicable in any local area where there is the availability of suitably experienced child mental health professionals.


The influence of artificial intelligence (A.I) has played significant roles in the emerging world. Its applications have rapidly expanded even in the aerospace research, we can find influences of its concept. Hence the present reports briefly highlight the aerospace and its dependency on artificial intelligence.


Research shows how music influences our total well-being and our potential. There are studies that show a connection between music and achievement and statistically students in music programs show better academic results in all subjects than other students. This study has looked into how high school students perceive choral singing in school, and specifically if they feel that choral singing can affect their total scholastic achievements. The study focuses on obtaining a deeper perspective on how these students view if their own personal development is connected to their choral singing in school. What traits and abilities does choral singing promote? The results have been related to current research about motivation, performance, and success. Does choral singing contribute to the improvement of students' overall scholastic performance? The results show that choral singing has many effects, whereby some can be viewed as achievement-boosting. Broadly speaking, choral singing is perceived to be meaningful by the test-subjects, which leads to a high degree of responsibility. Choral singing stimulates both mentally and physically, and generates positive emotions which contribute to feelings of satisfaction and well-being. Choral singing fulfills many needs, such as security, community, and appreciation, which are said to be prerequisites for being motivated to achieve. It is difficult to prove if this combination is responsible for affecting the students' scholastic results, but since choral singing generates abilities that permeate a student's overall character and attitude, it is viable to draw this conclusion.


Hydraulic redistribution (HR) is an extension of hydraulic lift. The simulation of hydraulic redistribution done by Ryel et al. (2002) indicated that HR is beneficial for transpiration. Based on the Ryel Model, we first conducted a sensitivity analysis by varying critical parameters of the model. We scaled the model for time steps of 1 hour to 1 day and soil from 10 cm to greater thicknesses by adjusting the necessary parameters. The scaled model was then applied to field observations of Caragana intermedia in Huangfuchuan Watershed of Inner Mongolia to simulate transpiration with and without HR. Daily changes in transpiration were simulated from April to October in 1998 and 1999. The ratio of water redistributed by root to transpiration was strongly negative to soil hydraulic conductivity. The ratio also increased when root hydraulic conductivity increased, but gradually approached a limit. Total transpiration with HR increased when root hydraulic conductivity increased 1 cm·MPa~(-1)·h~(-1). The result of the scaling indicates that it provides a useful approach to incorporating HR into larger models of soil processes. Total transpiration with HR increased 4.4% more than without HR in 1998, in contrast to total transpiration without HR having increased 2.1% more than with HR. This may be related to high precipitation in 1998.


The aim of the paper is to focus on the redistribution of social orders through identity consciousness of the traditional lower strata of the society during 20th century. Status groups in a conservative society will never compromise with a low position than traditionally ascribed and they strive by all means to improve their existing status. The research methodology adopted is a combination of analytical, historical and sociological. The sources both primary and secondary. The primary sources include archival sources, epigraphical evidences, native newspapers reports and government reports both published and unpublished. The secondary sources include books, journals and newspapers.


In the United States, venture capitalists (VCs) played an important role in supporting innovative companies and establishing emerging industries. Consequently, much of the literature on VCs is characterized by a Western bias. However, faced with crowding markets in the home territory, Western VCs have joined the internationalization wave and became increasingly interested in transitional economies. This paper examines the specificities and consequent challenges of developing economies for incoming foreign venture capitalists (FVCs) through discussion of (1) number, type and stage of opportunities for investments, (2) possibilities of exiting options from the investment, and (3) the state of the legal framework pertaining to intellectual property rights, overall transparency, and government policies in place. Upon examining the challenges, this paper concludes with the resulting differences in the role FVCs play in developing economies by suggesting that the role of FVC will first serve as a (1) selecting mechanism identifying high potential companies, (2) knowledge transfer mechanism, especially in management related issues, (3) networking mechanism, helping both host countries' companies to internationalize and developed firms to tap into developing markets. Only once all the institutional frameworks become conducive to facilitating venture capitalist's operations as seen in the U.S. for example, can we expect the practice of venture investing to encourage the "proper" type of entrepreneurship, and initiate the "start up" culture we typically envision when talking about the role of VC investment in the Western context.


Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been applied as an antifungal agent, which results in AgNPs contamination of agricultural waste that interferes with the lignocellulosic enzymes produced by fungi. Therefore, this study examined the production of carboxymethylcellulase (CMCase) and manganese-dependent lignin peroxidase (MnPase), using barley straw treated with AgNPs. Trichoderma asperellum growth was not inhibited at 25 ppm AgNPs, while negligible growth inhibition was observed at 50 ppm AgNPs, which was not observed with Aspergillus terreus and Curvularia lunata. T. asperellum was the highest producer of CMCase and MnPase using barley straw with or without 25 ppm AgNPs versus A. terreus or C. lunata. AgNPs addition to barley straw before T. asperellum inoculation played a role in repressing enzyme activities (CMCase 156.33 U/mL and MnPase 1.28 U/mL); however, addition of AgNPs (50 ppm) after 10 days of incubation showed the highest activity (CMCase 160.67 and 1.35 U/mL MnPase). Optimum temperature for enzyme production by T. asperellum using untreated and treated barley straw was 35 °C and 30 °C, respectively. Enzyme activities increased with increasing polyoxyethylenesorbitan monooleate surfactant concentrations up to 0.25 mL/g substrate without AgNPs, whereas the activity decreased with AgNPs (25 ppm). The exception to this observed trend was at low concentrations of the surfactant (0.10 mL/g substrate).


The invention discloses a metal automatic grinding seal device. The metal automatic grinding seal device comprises a rotor assembly (1), a seal labyrinth (3), a seal ring (6) and a stator assembly (8) and is characterized in that a plurality of tooth tips (4) are arranged on the seal labyrinth (3), a high-temperature-resistant and wear-resistant material body is sprayed on the tooth tips (4), a honeycomb (5) is arranged on the seal ring (6), and during work, the tooth tips (4) extend into the honeycomb (5) so as to form seal fit. According to the invention, four tooth tips are arranged on the seal labyrinth, the high-temperature-resistant, wear-resistant and high-hardness material is sprayed on the tooth tips, when the rotor assembly rotates at a high speed, the diameters of the tooth tips are increased under the action of centrifugal force, and at the same time, the tooth tips grind the honeycomb, extend into the honeycomb and form close fit with the honeycomb, so that a great seal effect is played. As the seal components, such as the tooth tips and the honeycomb, are all made of high-temperature alloy, the service life of the seal device is longer, and later maintenance times and maintenance fees are also greatly reduced.


The difference of seismic waves observed on piers at both ends of a long span bridge or at locations along an underground pipe often becomes a critical factor and is taken into consideration for aseismic design of such structures. The characteristics of the effect of the difference may be described by a coherence function which represents the dependency of two time series, and it is calculated from the power and cross-spectral density functions. However, in its estimation, it is often smoothed in the frequency domain. In this paper, the effects of the smoothing on the coherence function estimate are analyzed quantitatively, in the case that a time delay is observed between the two records or that they are statistically independent. Then, a modified method of calculating coherence function estimates is proposed.


Compared with conventional jet pump,the structure of annular jet pump,is more simple and conducive to conveying the fluid which containing solid particles.This paper presented a new simple model of annular jet pump,derived the basic performance equation of annular jet pump by using of fluid dynamics theory and turbulent jet theory.The main factors for the basic performance were concluded,such as the friction coefficient,the density ratio,and the angle of incidence.Based on the energy balance analysis of the annular jet pump,the energy loss mainly included mixture loss,diffusion loss and friction loss.By calculating the efficiency,the high efficient running region of the annular jet pump was given.


Chitin, poly-β-(1–4)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, was heated at 300-500°C for 5-60 min to examine the potential of pyrazine formation from chitin pyrolysis. 2-Methyl-, 2,3-dimethyl- and 2,3,5-trimethyl-pyrazine were formed at 300°C and additionally, 2,5-dimethylpyrazine was found with increasing pyrolysis temperature up to 500°C. During 60 min of pyrolysis more than twice as much 2,3,5-trimethylpyrazine as 2,5-dimethylpyrazine was developed. Thus, altering time and temperature of chitin pyrolysis could be useful for the development of certain pyrazines that have food flavor applications.


The article deals with the analysis of publications of British Fascists newspapers 'Action' and 'The Blackshirt' during the Spanish Civil War, 1936-1939. The main directions of image of enemy formation are studied on the example of these papers. Forms of presentation and ways of international problems interpreting by far-right publications are studied. The fascist newspaper Action , The Fascist Week and The Blackshirt spoke from the position of nationalism, Imperial identity, anti-liberalism, anti-Soviet and anti-Semitism. The concept of "communism" in the pages of the fascist press has accumulated the most precisely the image of enemy. Articles and notes shaped confusion between "Soviet", "red" and "Communist". The USSR seemed to be "the warmonger" and the "architect of the Civil war in Spain". The destructive role of Soviet Russia in the conflict was proved in the British fascist press. Soviet Union was accused of seeking to plunge Spain and Europe into anarchy. In British fascist publications trend towards stereotyping and myth-making were noticeable, they were opposed to "Western" civilization (as individualistic) and "Eastern", "Communist" (oppressive, traditionalist).


Ferns, monocots, and dicots use the same signals to enhance defense responses in non-damaged leaves when a leaf is attacked by insects.


Purpose: This study aims to derive a PGV prediction equation and to enhance the application of the Onsite EEW technology which has developed through previous studies. Method: The prediction equation for the Onsite EEW derived from earthquake data M≥3.0 and MMI≥II over the past four years. Local seismic risk is estimated using M and PGV deduced from P wave properties. Result: The improved PGV prediction equation estimated the MMI with an average accuracy of 94.8% and the     method also showed valid performance for alerting local seismic risks. Conclusion: Onsite EEW technology is successfully applied to Korea, and becomes to reduce the blind zone to about 14km.


[C1. 41], Sedgwick Collection, from near the top of Bwlch Mawr, is a rock of greenish-grey colour, with rather fewer felspars than the last. In the microscope the ground is seen to be largely occupied by squarish crystals of felspar, between which is some crypto-crystal-line matter. The larger felspars seem all plagioclase, but they are all much decomposed, some of the smaller ones are perhaps ortho-clase. There is no pyroxenic mineral preserved; calcite aggregations result, and also viridite extinguishing in no position. There are many minute quartz grains in the ground, which have the appearance of being secondary. Apatite is abundant; there are also black and brown crystals of iron oxides (ilmenite). A few crystals of epidote have been formed. No hornblende is to be found, and amorphous matter in the ground is uncertain, yet the rock may most conveniently be placed among the porphyrites. It has not, however, the andesitic structure of the Carn Boduan rock. The dark colour would be due to the chloritic matter and iron oxide scattered through the ground.


Abstract The efficiency of an intermodal terminal is especially measured in terms of time waste for both traffic feeders and loading units (known as intermodal transport units, ITUs) from the moment they arrive at the terminal up to the leaving instant. This makes significant the estimation of the maximum traffic (normally referred to as "capacity") which allows the terminal to work without loss of efficiency and congestion. The amount of the factors from which capacity depends and their nature (the most of them are stochastic processes with a huge grade of indeterminacy—e.g. traffic peaks, economical fluctuations, delays and so on) make the issue challenging and seldom addressed from scientific literature. This paper deals with a heuristic model for the estimation of the yearly capacity of an intermodal terminal and is organised as follows. General definitions and a wide dissertation on the complexity of the concept may be found in the Section 1, also briefly summarizing some interesting results of the scientific literature. Section 2 describes the model and the assumptions on which it is based. A mathematical formulation of the described problem is contained in the Section 3. The solution method is widely described in the Section 4 and used in the Section 5 for the capacity estimation of one of the most important Italian terminals (two more examples can be found in Appendix A). An evaluation of the achieved results is drawn in the final section sf the paper.


Vespa velutina Lepieltier, 1836 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) is an invasive predator of honeybees accidentally introduced into Europe from eastern Asia. It was observed for the first time in southwest France in 2004 and in the following years it rapidly spread almost all over the country. In 2013 it was officially reported in Italy, in the region Liguria, near the border with France. In three years it invaded the whole province of Imperia and it was occasionally reported also in the South Western of Piedmont and in one locality in South Eastern Piedmont. The VELUTINA project was funded in 2014 by the Italian Ministry of Agriculture, with the aim of finding effective control methods against the predator. It includes both research and surveillance: adult and nest monitoring; development of methods for nest detection; development of protocols for nest destruction; studies on wasp chemical communication. Adult monitoring was performed in 5 Italian regions – the two where the hornet is already present and the three bordering ones – with the cooperation of Universities, research centres and beekeeping associations. Reports of V. velutina nests were collected from 2014 to 2016 thanks to the activity of the beekeeping association Apiliguria. Between 2014 and 2015 the presence of V. velutina was confirmed in the provinces were it was already present, with a small enlargement of the distribution area, both along the coast and the valleys, with no trespassing to other regions. Only recently, in November 2016, the presence of V. velutina was reported and confirmed by our institution in a locality of Veneto region, very near to the border with Lombardy and Emilia Romagna. At present, nest destruction represents the most effective method to limit the diffusion of the hornet, but it shows limitations and inconveniences. Nests are often difficult to locate and reach, their destruction is costly and risky for the staff and it is not regulated by official approved protocols. Within VELUTINA project some progresses have been made towards the official recognition of the method, thanks to the cooperation with national and regional institutions. After the end of Velutina project, the researchers of the project and the beekeeping associations of the invaded areas joined together in the scientific net Stopvelutina (www.stopvelutina.it), whose aim is to collect information and find new solutions to limit the spread of V. velutina. Beside the continuation of previous researches, a patent pending method was tested in summer 2016 to fight V. velutina adults in front of the apiaries in Liguria. From the first preliminary results the method resulted highly effective and it seems suitable to contrast the predator also in new invaded areas.


This article is about a participatory research project, run by Save the Children-UK (SCFUK). The research examined the experiences of young people leaving care. It was done by young people who had themselves recently left care, and involved five projects across England. The process of developing the research is outlined below, with some indication of the findings and reflections emerging from this example of participatory research (Alderson, 1995; Dodson 1995).


This study aimed to determine factors associated with length of stay (LOS) for women presenting with early pregnancy complications to a public hospital ED. In particular, we sought to investigate the impact the involvement of the Clinical Midwife Consultant (CMC), specialising in early pregnancy care, had on the ED LOS.


Reductionism, dissipative structure theory, synergetics and cybernetics belong to the area of system science research. They have always been highly valued in the medical field for their role of guidance and enlightenment in medical research. Thinking about the issues in stroke rehabilitation from the perspective of the above theories would help to better understand the nature of stroke rehabilitation, and to guide the related basic and clinical researches.


Nanocomposites of n‐type thermoelectric Bi2Te2.7Se0.3 (BTS) and unoxidized graphene (UG) were prepared from the exfoliated BTS and UG nanoplatelets. Polycrystalline BTS ingots were exfoliated into nanoscoll‐type crystals by chemical exfoliation, and were re‐assembled with UG nanoplatelets. The composites were chemically reduced by hydrazine hydrate and sintered by a spark‐plasma‐sintering method. The thermoelectric properties of the sintered composites were evaluated and exhibited decreased carrier concentration and increased thermal conductivity due to the embedded graphene. The peak ZT values for the UG/BTS‐US and UG/BTS‐EX composites were ∼0.8 at the UG concentration of 0.05 wt%. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


BACKGROUND
Vitamin D is essential for the normal functioning of a diverse range of metabolic processes, especially bone health. It is widely appreciated that the elderly are at increased risk of vitamin D insufficiency, but it is less well known that people with intellectual disability are also at increased risk.

OBJECTIVE
This article summarises the issues regarding vitamin D in people with intellectual disability, making recommendations about screening, management and follow up.

DISCUSSION
The prevalence of intellectual disability in the Australian population has been estimated at just over 1%, implying that most general practitioners will care for several people with intellectual disability. Relatively simple steps are likely to have a significant impact on the health of this vulnerable group of people.


Being, Aristotle says, "is said in many ways" (λέγεται πολλαχώς), and so are the good and many other fundamental things. Fair enough, but what does this mean? While scholars have presented us with an array of different translations for this difficult term, none seem adequate. I argue that it means "is uttered signifying many things." I then examine the relationship of this phrase to his homonyms, to significata having the same "name" that are "related to one and the same thing" (πρὸς ἒν), and to "is said homonymously" (λέγεται όμωνύμως). The result is a new view of Aristotle's λέγεται πολλαχῶς, his homonyms, and their relationship to each other.


The present invention relates to an in situ method of preparation or "one pot" compounds of formula (I) .This method leads to a compound of general formula (I) and comprises: a) hydrogenating a nitrile of compound of general formula (II): wherein, R1 to R4 include H, alkyl, and n ranges from 0 to 4, in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst, a methylating agent, an organic acid such as solvent and at a temperature Ta lower than the temperature for initiating a reductive amination reaction, for obtaining a primary amine from the nitrile function; andb) the reductive amination of the primary amine presence of hydrogen performed at a higher temperature Tb to Ta to obtain the dimethylated amine of general formula (I) carrying out an activation of the methylating agent.


A numerical approach for performing kinematic design sensitivity analysis of vehicle suspension systems is presented. Compared to conventional analytic methods which requires explicit derivation of sensitivity equations, the proposed numerical method can be applied with any kinematic analysis method.
An algorithm based on Lagrange polynomial is developed to ensure efficiency and accuracy associated with numerical differentiation. Through a kinematic design problem that determine the optimal suspension configuration that satisfies multi design criteria, the validity and usefulness of the approach is demonstrated.


An earlier work of Dolmatov et al. [Phys. Rev. A 73, 013201 (2006)] on Ne inside a charged fullerene ($\mathrm{Ne}@{\mathrm{C}}_{60}^{\mathrm{q}=\ensuremath{-}3,\ensuremath{-}5}$) has revealed the presence of two unusually large confinement resonances termed Coulomb confinement resonances (CCRs); the first CCR is narrow and the second one is broad and their origins are attributed to the presence of charge on the fullerene surface. The present work extends this study to other subshells and also to other systems such as $\mathrm{Ar}@{\mathrm{C}}_{60}^{\mathrm{q}}$ and $\mathrm{Xe}@{\mathrm{C}}_{60}^{\mathrm{q}}$ using relativistic random phase approximation, but with an aim to investigate the genesis of the CCRs. Further, a detailed analysis of these resonances within a single active electron approximation unearths an interesting difference associated with the origin of these two CCRs. The photoionized electron is temporally trapped in the ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ confinement well for the case of narrow resonance and in the atomic well region for the case of broad resonance. Also, the present work shows that the broad resonance can occur even for the case of $q=0$ and is demonstrated for $\mathrm{Xe}@{\mathrm{C}}_{60}^{\mathrm{q}}$ as a test case.


This study was conducted to investigate the effects of aluminum on changes growth and cell-wall sugar content of soybean (Glycine max L. ) seedlings in acidic condition. The results of the Al treatment to the soybean growth showed that it was inhibited in the root more than in the stern after 12 hours at the higher Al concentration, but there eras no difference between 1.0mM and 2.0mM. The sugar content of the root cell-wall were higher than the Stem. Sugar contents were increased to time passed after Al treatment. This experiments showed that the content of Al in acidic condition inhibited the soybean growth and raised the sugar content of the cell wall. The cause of the soybean growth inhibition were the results from the direct effects of Al treatment on the cell elongation and division.


A 12‐year‐old male with pre‐B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia with cryptic BCR/ABL rearrangement underwent sex‐mismatched allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (allo‐BMT). Contradictory results were provided by various chimerism analyses 3 months later. Y‐chromosome‐specific quantitative polymerase chain reaction and sex chromosome‐specific interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (i‐FISH) showed complete donor chimerism. Analysis of autosomal short tandem repeats (A‐STR), BCR/ABL i‐FISH test, and X‐STR haplotype indicated relapse. Metaphase‐FISH and combined BCR/ABL and sex chromosome‐specific i‐FISH patterns revealed loss of the Y‐chromosome and duplication of the X‐chromosome in the host cells. Sex chromosome changes after allo‐BMT can cause significant difficulties in chimerism analysis. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010;55:1239–1242. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


In applications such as multi-receiver radars and ultrasound array systems, the observed signals are often modeled as the convolution of the transmit pulse signal and a set of sparse filters representing the sparse target scenes. A sparse multichannel blind deconvolution (MBD) problem simultaneously identifies the unknown signal and sparse filters, which is in general ill-posed. In this paper, we consider the identifiability problem of sparse-MBD and show that, similar to compressive sensing, it is possible to identify the sparse filters from compressive measurements of the output sequences. Specifically, we consider compressible measurements in the Fourier domain and derive deterministic identifiability conditions. Our main results demonstrate that <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$L$</tex-math></inline-formula>-sparse filters can be identified from <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{2}L^2$</tex-math></inline-formula> Fourier measurements from two or more coprime channels. We also show that <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{2}L$</tex-math></inline-formula> measurements per channel are necessary. The sufficient condition sharpens as the number of channels increases and is asymptotically optimal, i.e., it suffices to acquire on the order of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$L$</tex-math></inline-formula> Fourier samples per channel. We also propose a kernel-based sampling scheme that acquires Fourier measurements from a commensurate number of time-domain samples. The gap between the sufficient and necessary conditions is illustrated through numerical experiments including comparing practical reconstruction algorithms. The proposed compressive MBD results require fewer measurements and fewer channels for identifiability compared to previous results, which aids in building cost-effective receivers.


Rule 164 EPC has a long history of amendments. The latest amendment (November 2014) still did not achieve an equal treatment of applicants of international applications for which the European Patent Office acted as International Searching Authority in the international phase as compared to applicants of international applications for which the EPO did not act as such. In this article, the situation is analysed and suggestions for improvement are formulated.


A review of computer simulation studies on crystal growth in hard-sphere systems is presented. A historical view on the crystallization of hard spheres, including colloidal crystallization, is given in the first section. Crystal phase transition in a system comprising particles without bonding is difficult to understand. In the early days, therefore, many researchers did not accept such crystalline structures as crystals that should be studied in the field of crystal growth. In the last few decades, however, colloidal crystallization has drawn attention because in situ observations of crystallization process has become possible. Next, simulation studies of the crystal/fluid interface of hard spheres are also reviewed. Although colloidal crystallization has now been recognized in the crystal growth field, the stability of the crystal–fluid coexistence state has still not been satisfactorily understood based on a bond-breaking picture, because of an infinite diffuseness of the interfaces in non-bonding systems derived from this picture. Studies of sedimentary colloidal crystallization and colloidal epitaxy using the hard-sphere model are lastly reviewed. An advantage of the colloidal epitaxy is also presented; it is shown that a template not only fixes the crystal growth direction, but also improves the colloidal crystallization. A new technique for reducing defects in colloidal crystals through the gravity effect is also proposed.


This In Perspective paper reflects on the use by men and women of entrepreneurship support organisations (ESOs). It arose through an inquiry conducted in partnership by London South Bank University and Shared Enterprise, the latter being an ESO based in London. As part of the inquiry, a small number of other ESOs in London were interviewed, who revealed that the majority of their participants were women, although the gender imbalance is not as extreme as is the case with Shared Enterprise. On the other hand, far more enterprises in Britain are led by men than are led by women. According to the Longitudinal Small Business Survey (LSBS), only 20% of very small businesses (no employees) were led by women, and 60% were led solely by a man. A similar proportion – 19% – of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) with employees was defined as led by women. A combination of interviews with Shared Enterprise participants and a desk review leads to a (tentative) solution to this seemingly puzzling paradox: women who aspire to entrepreneurship use ESOs more than men because they need them more.


In vitro digestibility of plastein prepared from casein hydrolyzate was evaluated using proteolytic enzymes. Pancreatin was the most effective digestion enzyme, followed by trypsin, α-chymotrypsin, and pepsin was the least effective. The in vitro digestibility of plastein was higher than that of casein. Amino acid analysis of plastein showed that plastein was rich in glycine, leucine, methionine, and histidine. The amino acid pattern of plastein was remarkably similar to FAO/WHO/UNU standard for amino acid requirements.


Proper selective subjects are decisive of the success or failure of sports science study and the value of achievement. According to the existing problems in the study selective subjects about sports science,the selective subjects should follow the basic principles,that is,advanced,scientific,feasible and efficient. At the same time the basic tactics of various selective subjects should be taken,such as the gaps in study,the disputed problems and the overlapping parts.


Plasma source ion implantation (PSII) is a non‐line‐of‐sight technique which is being developed as an alternative to beamline accelerator technology for ion implantation. The initial development phase of PSII concentrated on implantation of ion species which are gaseous at room temperature (primarily nitrogen ions) and employed a cylindrical vacuum chamber 16 in. high and 14 in. in diameter. A second generation PSII system is being constructed to extend the PSII process to ion beam mixing and ion beam assisted coating modes of operation. The new, larger system (with dimensions 36×36×36 in.) will feature multiple‐array sources for sputter deposition concurrent with ion bombardment.


Hand eczema (HE) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease caused by a genetic predisposition and environmental exposures. There is a lack of population‐based studies on skin diseases in the elderly.


Fracture of the entire posterior process of the talus is rare and when it does occur, is often associated with significant morbidity as the fracture typically involves two articular surfaces, and compresses the posterior tibial neurovascular bundle. We report on a case of fracture of the entire posterior process of the talus together with a depressed subtalar articular fragment, which was treated with elevation of the depressed fragment and support of the upper void with OsteoSet. At follow-up, the patient recovered well and obtained a good functional outcome.


The author review the results of interdisciplinary research in the sphere of the high performance elite sports. The studies of international researchers focusing on the issues of scientific support of the athletic training are identified in two kinds of sport: biathlon and short track speed skating.


The structures of the odd-A Nb isotopes /sup 93,95,97/Nb are studied in a semimicroscopic model which couples the proton quasiparticle motion to the quadrupole and the octupole vibrations of the neighboring even core. Inclusion of the octupole vibration of the core improves the l = 3 spectroscopic strength distribution of the earlier theoretical studies. There is a satisfactory agreement between the calculated and experimental level spectra, spectroscopic factors, and electromagnetic transition rates.


A piesoelectric bony telephone for determining audible thresholds while sound is conducted through the bone over expanded frequency range of 0.25 kHz up to 20.0 kHz is described. Fundamental limitations of electromagnetic bony telephones preventing them from metering audible thresholds at the frequencies greater than 6 kHz have been revealed. Analysis of the piesoelectric transducer equivalent circuit has demonstrated on principle the possibility to measure audible thresholds with such a device over the expanded frequency range to 20 kHz. A model of piesoelectric bony telephone conforming the IEC recommendations is described and some experimental results obtained for the frequency range of 0.25 kHz to 20.0 kHz are presented.


AlGaN/GaN HEMTs have been widely used in RF power circuits such as high power amplifiers [1]. This is mainly due to the capability to handle large power. Besides this main advantage, this technology demonstrates good performances in terms of noise, linearity, and robustness. This paper presents the design, and measurement results of different mixers operating at C-, Ku-, and Ka-band. All designs make use of 0.25µm, and 0.15µm AlGaN/GaN microstrip technology. The best measured conversion losses (CL) are lOdB, 9dB, and 11dB, and the 1dB compression points referred to the output (PldBout) are measured at −1dBm, 1dBm, and −1dBm for the C-, Ku-, and Ka-frequency band respectively. Three breadboards of RF front-end receiver have been as well manufactured to evaluate the robustness of such technology. The measured conversion gain are +21dB, +20dB, and +14dB, and the PldBout are 10dBm, 11dBm, and 3dBm for the C-, Ku-, Ka-band respectively.


Despite increasing research and scholarship in the area of academic development in recent years, it remains an under-theorised field of endeavour. The paper proposes that academic developers take a view on what constitutes academic work and see it as a form of professional practice. It discusses the features of practice theory that illuminate professional practice and identifies three foci for the application of these ideas within academic development: practice development, fostering learning-conducive work and deliberately locating activity within practice. It also suggests that academic development be viewed as a practice and points to features within its own traditions on which to build.


Logistic sectors are moving forward day by day, year by year. Their evolution brings big changes in the economic growth of countries. It drives the significant improvement in human life includes human life style, human's needs, and human capacity. Their services has to be in agile and effective ways to reach the customer's satisfaction. This research observes the capacity building of human resource in logistic sector in supporting the performance development of logistic companies in Indonesia especially about English capacity. The researchers use qualitative research in logistics sectors by observing, interviewing, and disseminating questionnaire to the owner, director, manager, supervisor of logistic company. Based on the research's result, English capacity had by operational and administration staffs of a logistic company influence the business because a staff that has good English skills will run the communication as well to the customers directly and indirectly. It is because the customers of a logistic company are international customer and foreign company which have representative office in Indonesia. Explicitly, the results show that a maritime academy should prepare the human resource or in this context is a logistic sectors' staff candidate must understand about the use of English before working in logistic sectors to support the moving forward of the company.


The Research was aimed to analyze the error on pronoun made by the eleventh grade students of SMA Katolik Cinta Kasih Tebing Tinggi in Academic Year of  2020/2021. The subject of this research consists of 30 students in XI-MIPA-1. The objectives of the study were (1) To find out the types of error made by students in using pronoun. (2) To find out what causes the students made such error in using pronoun. This research used qualitative approach with descriptive research. The errors were collected, identified, and classified based on the Surface Structure Taxonomy by Dulay. It was specified by four types of errors namely omission, addition, misordering, and misformation.The result showed (1) The most common errors made by the students were misformation (52,0%) or 88 errors. The second was error in addition with the frequency (35,5%) or 60 errors. The third error was omission (11,2%) or 19 errors. The lowest frequency of error was misordering (1,1%) or 2 errors. (2) The students made such errors in using pronouns because of their less motivation of learning, lack of knowledge about grammar and English language, and minimal use of media by the teacher during teaching learning process. The teacher should create an interesting teaching, so it that can increase the students' interest in learning English.


According to the situation and existing problems,the article analysed the chance and challenge to Jilin's agriculture development after the entry of WTO,pointed out the agricultural developing strategies in the future.


forts must be made by the leaders of trade unions to encourage the rank and file to take a more active interest in their union's affairs. Then, too, Cole notes there is need for "better links between the workplace organisations and the higherlevel organizations, local and central." That the unions of both Great Britain and the United States have come upon these problems at about the same time suggests that there are fundamental causes for them. In this and other respects, Cole's book supplies a valuable counterpoint to the student of the American labor scene.


We have read with great interest the letter "Increased lipoprotein(a) levels are not a steady prothrombotic defect" by Korte et al, recently published in Blood .[1][1] The authors report on a small case series of 7 pediatric patients treated with asparaginase either because of acute


Topic: Budgeting Our financial system can often be a confusing and even threatening place for people who do not have experience or exposure to it. The most important and personal tool in your financial arsenal is going to be a budget. Once you establish a budget you can work towards your goals and dreams. The ability to budget can keep you on the right track and out of debt and out of trouble, and help prepare you for any unforeseen emergencies.


The powerful combination of de Haas-van Alphen effect and pulsed magnetic fields enables the study of the Fermi surface and the electronic properties of various materials of current interest. In this contribution I discuss experiments on CeB6, a heavy fermion, on YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}Awe{sub 7-{delta}}, a high-Tc superconductor, and on A1{sub 7O}Pd{sub 2l.5}Mn{sub 8.5}, a quasicrystal. For each of these experiments I will point out the essential contribution of the pulsed magnetic field.


Hydrolysis of sodium borohydride is regarded as a promising technology to produce pure hydrogen in portable fuel cell fields. In this paper, Ce is examined to be a better co-catalyst than Ni and Fe for the attapulgite clay (AT)-supported cobalt-boride (Co-B) catalyst. Factors, such as solution temperature, NaBH4 concentration and NaOH concentration on performance of these catalysts in hydrolysis of sodium borohydride are investigated. Furthermore, characteristics of these AT-supported catalysts are studied using SEM and XRD. Activation energy of hydrogen generation using such catalysts is estimated to be 37.02 kJ/mol.


The appeal of Pokémon GO is in large part due to the game's introduction of locative augmented reality to popular media culture, as players' mobile phones summon virtual creatures and overlay them on the immediate environment. The significance of this novel device (within popular children's culture at least) is open to question however. The workings of imagination in children's lives have always populated mundane experience with nonactual actions and characters, and these processes have been mechanized and monetized by commercial children's culture over decades, not least in the transmedia system of Pokémon itself. What can critical attention to imagination and technology in pre- and postdigital play tell us about the hybrid realities of Pokémon GO today?


Vocabulary knowledge is vital for students' success in school and beyond. However, students with disabilities and others who consistently score below their peers on various measures of vocabulary knowledge have difficulties in secondary-level content area courses. Because many students with disabilities are now educated primarily in general education classrooms, their teachers report needing more professional development on instructional strategies to support this population. Using a multiple-baseline design, we tested the efficacy of a multimedia, multicomponent professional development package in which middle school science teachers in inclusive classrooms promoted science vocabulary knowledge. The professional development package improved the quality of the teachers' use of evidence-based vocabulary practices and increased the amount of time they spent explicitly teaching vocabulary in their classes.


Aim This study investigated associations between individual, maternal, cultural and sociodemographic variables with symptoms of child depression in 9-year-old Pacific children living in New Zealand. Method The longitudinal Pacific Islands Families (PIF) Study is following a cohort of Pacific children born in Auckland, New Zealand, in 2000. At approximately 9 years postpartum, child self-reports (n=858) of depressive symptoms were gathered. Results Being a victim or perpetrator of bullying, previous internalising behaviour problems and low maternal education were significantly associated with high child depression scores. Low depression scores were associated with children's positive perception of self, physical abilities, parental and peer relationships, high verbal intelligence, and high performance at school. Conclusions These findings indicate that building up child self-esteem and supportive relationships around the child are likely to reduce the risk of depression and these strengths may mitigate against bullying involvement. Pacific peoples living in New Zealand (NZ) are an ethnically heterogeneous (Samoan, 49%; Cook Islands Māori, 22%; Tongan, 19%; and Niuean, 9%), rapidly growing, youthful group. Representing 6.9% of the population, they are highly urbanised, with two thirds living in the Auckland region. 1 The Pacific Islands Families (PIF) Study is a longitudinal birth cohort study of Pacific families that aims to derive a holistic understanding of family health and development on which to base appropriate Pacific-driven intervention strategies. 2 Child depression manifests as feelings of sadness, loneliness, hopelessness, agitation and guilt 3 and is a debilitating problem than can significantly impair social and school functioning. 4 Point prevalence estimates for depression are 1-3% for prepubertal children and 3-8% for adolescents, 5 with depression in girls increasing after puberty to twice the rate seen in boys. 6 Risk factors for child depression include family history of depression, 7 previous child depression, 8 poor school performance, 9 bullying, both as a perpetrator and/or victim, 10,11 difficult peer relations, 12 inter-parental conflict, 13 and stressful events. 14 Some studies have reported that minority adolescents experience higher levels of depressive symptoms than European Americans. 15 Studies into the role of demographic factors in childhood depression also reveal inconsistent findings, with low maternal education, single-parent household and lower socioeconomic status being associated with higher levels of depression in some studies 16 but not in others. 17 In the present study we investigated associations


This study is motivated by a consistent set of numerical and experimental observations reported in various papers on the effective Poisson ratio (EPR) of 2D granular structures. Here, we uniformly explain them with the novel closed-form expression for EPR obtained as a rational function in the matrix Poisson ratio and the easily computable inverses to the effective bulk and shear moduli. Particularly, the EPR of a perforated plate is proved to be independent of the matrix Young modulus. On this basis, the existence of the EPR fixed points is studied both analytically and numerically. Finally, some numerical example are given for illustration. The proposed approach is based on using the complex-valued Kolosov–Muskhelishvili potentials which perform well in plane elasticity.


In this article we analyze the correlation of the split times and the total time from the top 8 400m hurdle athletes in the 10th World Championship,use the method of R-clustering to re-divide the 400m hurdle whole running,and then study the split time of our 400m hurdle athlete Huang Xiaoxiao with the radar-analysis. At last,the reasonable suggestion is brought out.


As industrial technology evolves and processes achieve higher levels of flexibility (ability to produce multiple products) and consistency (low production variability), more data is generated that can be used for different activities both online and offline, such as: process monitoring, diagnosis, prognosis, control, optimization and continuous improvement. Such data inherits characteristics from the underlying process phenomena, therefore, getting also increasingly complex, varied, available in larger volumes and at faster rates. In their paper, Enrique del Castillo and Xueqi Zhao provide a welcome and very opportune contribution to expand the methodological background of the statistical/datacentric community on how to handle complex data sets such as those collected by 3D scanners in additive/ subtractive manufacturing (AM/SM) systems – one of the technological landmarks of Industry 4.0. These data sets consist of Point Clouds or processed versions of them, such as triangulated meshes, typically with large sizes, usually on the Gb range, and high "complexity," as data lies in a low dimensional manifold embedded in a higher dimensional Euclidean space. "Data complexity" is here taken in the sense of expressing the degree of deviation from common data structures, which users are used to handle and analyze: each entity/object of interest consists of a large data set of manifold data, instead of a line in a two-way table, as in classical statistical analysis. (This is a natural and intuitive interpretation of "data complexity," but as we are faced with an increasingly variety of data structures, I deem it opportune to devote efforts to come up with a general definition embracing the multiple perspectives and dimensions that are relevant to consider; a quick search in the web reveals that some incursions were already made to this topic, and operational definitions were proposed mainly to support activities on supervised learning, namely classification tasks.) In their paper, Del Castillo and Zhao addressed both Statistical Process Monitoring (SPM) as well as Design of Experiments (DOE) and regression methodologies for manifold data. In the following paragraphs, I will refer to them but, due to the space constrains, I will focus the discussion more on the SPM analysis of manifold data.


This study is a review of Golgyemi (comic beauty) of 『Wakanhanasikai,』which tells stories about Samurai, Ronin,・women at bars, prostitutes, husbands and wives, the disabled, Joruri and Kabuki. As a result of the study, the following was found; 1. In the stories of Samurai and Ronin, the humor was mainly used to describe Samurais who had little dignity and prestige and Ronins who suffered hardships in life. 2. Regarding women at bars and prostitutes, rather than licentious stories about sex, the essential humor was conveyed using funny episodes and failed sex stories. 3. Most stories about husbands and wives talked about the wife's excessive makeup, their sexual relationship, a wife's low intelligence, a husband who was beaten by his wife, a wife's adultery, etc., but there were some surreal stories such as talking about a wife cutting her neck, which was used as a point of laughter. 4. Concerning Joruri and Kabuki, the comic materials regarded the Kabuki actor's skin care or nonsensical happenings during the performance. 5. Stories of the disabled focused on bluffing as the humorous point, such as crossing the river without clothes because of being crippled or a deaf old man pretending that he could hear.


We expose a surprising failure of generalization in auto-regressive large language models (LLMs). If a model is trained on a sentence of the form"A is B", it will not automatically generalize to the reverse direction"B is A". This is the Reversal Curse. For instance, if a model is trained on"Olaf Scholz was the ninth Chancellor of Germany", it will not automatically be able to answer the question,"Who was the ninth Chancellor of Germany?". Moreover, the likelihood of the correct answer ("Olaf Scholz") will not be higher than for a random name. Thus, models exhibit a basic failure of logical deduction and do not generalize a prevalent pattern in their training set (i.e. if"A is B'' occurs,"B is A"is more likely to occur). We provide evidence for the Reversal Curse by finetuning GPT-3 and Llama-1 on fictitious statements such as"Uriah Hawthorne is the composer of 'Abyssal Melodies'"and showing that they fail to correctly answer"Who composed 'Abyssal Melodies?'". The Reversal Curse is robust across model sizes and model families and is not alleviated by data augmentation. We also evaluate ChatGPT (GPT-3.5 and GPT-4) on questions about real-world celebrities, such as"Who is Tom Cruise's mother? [A: Mary Lee Pfeiffer]"and the reverse"Who is Mary Lee Pfeiffer's son?". GPT-4 correctly answers questions like the former 79% of the time, compared to 33% for the latter. This shows a failure of logical deduction that we hypothesize is caused by the Reversal Curse. Code is available at https://github.com/lukasberglund/reversal_curse.


This paper examines the problem of xenophobia based on the contributions to psychoanalytical theory made by Freud and Lacan. It proposes an interpretation of this phenomenon using the Freudian concept of "narcissism of small differences", the Lacanian theory of the mirror stage and his explanation of the imaginary formation of the ego. Finally, it suggests that an alternative to confront this problem can be found in the political alternative of agonistic democracy made by Mouffe.


Along with the establishment of public financial frame,the study of setting up and conducting a appraisal system for geological projects which accord with the overall national financial reform requirements has become very urgent.The author depicts the success and effect appraisal of the geological investigation projects from the aspects of connotations and contents,significance,working thoughts,and puts forward some proposals.


Child labour is a disturbing issue for any society. It is attempted here in this article to develop an estimator to assess the numerical strength of this menace in Lahore division. A Horvitz and Thompson (1952) type of estimator is developed where weights are calculated on the basis of poverty and illiteracy to increase the sampling efficiency. Different characteristic features of this estimator, like its unbiasedness, variance, probability distribution, confidence intervals are also developed for its study from different angles.


Detailed depth-dose calculations were performed in the ICRU sphere for monoenergetic parallel neutron beams with energies ranging from 30 MeV to 180 MeV. Fluence-to-dose conversion coefficients were obtained for both absorbed dose and dose equivalent quantities. Calculations of dose equivalents were performed using both ICRP 21 and ICRP 60 Q-L relationships. Ambient dose equivalents, at a depth of 10 mm inside the ICRU sphere, and deep dose equivalent indices are reported. The LAHET computer code was utilised to perform the energy deposition calculations due to secondary charged particles for neutron interactions above 20 MeV. Lower energy neutrons and neutron-induced photons were transported using the HMCNP code and the ENDF/B-V continuous energy cross section data library


An investigation was conducted to evaluate possible performance enhance that can be achieved By using dual shear coaxial configuration over a single shear coaxial injector arrangement, higher propellant flowrates per injection site was one of the focuses of this study because of the interest in reducing the number of injection sites. Current study shows that the dual shear coaxial injector was able to achieve much superior mixing performance over a single shear coaxial injector. Such gain in mixing performance could lead to high combustion efficiency over a shorter combustor length for future rocket engine combustors. Also the effect of design parameters of dual shear coaxial injector on combustion efficiency was investigated by both numerical simulation and experiments.


India has a high prevalence of diabetes mellitus and the numbers are increasing at an alarming rate. In India alone, diabetes is expected to increase from 40.6 million in 2006 to 79.4 million by 2030. The problems of obesity and impaired glucose tolerance are not confined to adults alone but children are also increasingly getting affected. Most long standing macro and micro vascular complications are also more common among Indian diabetics as compared to other races and ethnic groups. Aim:- To study free radical and antioxidant status in type 2 diabetes mellitus with respect to obesity.