In this paper the author found evidence that a project management system* (Notes) has a unique and integrative project management system logic*. This was a study of conditions to reveal, explain and apply system logic. The results of the study have shown that system logic is controlled by relationships between particles* of a system. In project management system a particle can be defined as the most detailed element of system structure that can be identified with an element of factual project documentation*. For example, the particles of PMBOK Guide are nearly all outputs and open start inputs of its processes. The paper introduces reader into relationships between particles of a system and shows how this can help to: 1. Reveal system logic by analyzing the content and relating the particles of a system. 2. Explain system logic by synthetizing the relationships and the chronological sequence for particles and high level elements of whole system. 3. Apply system logic for development of a project management plan* and a project management feedback*. The study suggests that a practice-oriented model of project management system should extent to level of particles and exposes its system logic; otherwise, it cannot be used for development of a project management plan and a project management feedback. Consequently, the meaning of a practice-oriented model of project management system becomes fundamentally problematic. System logic was built on new perspective of scientific project management* rooted in works of Descartes, Euler and Maxwell. The evidence related to system logic was compiled from recognized project management system described in PMBOK Guide editions. By proposing project management system logic, I primarily intend to provide an approach for integration and continuous improvement of some accepted examples of scientific project management practice and contribute to tradition of scientific project management.


For most of history, economics did not have a separate identity apart from social thought in general. Even as late as the eighteenth century, Adam Smith viewed economics as a subset of jurisprudence. This makes the search for fIrst principles of economic reasoning more difficult, not because the intellectual cupboard of antiquity was bare, but because the subject boundaries between the social sciences were blurred. Economics attained its distinctive identity when it came to be identifIed with a selfregulating market process, and the discovery of the market as a self-regulating process was an eighteenth-century phenomenon. However, the seeds of economic analysis were sown long before, in ancient Greece, the cradle of Western civilization.


Based on a comparative research on newspapers from 13 European countries, this paper explores the concept of journalists as a "transnational interpretative community" (Zelizer, 1993; Traquina, 2002). Conducted by the EU Kids Online network, a two-month media analysis (October-November 2007) was focused on news involving children and the internet. This comparison identifies particularities of national coverage, on the one hand, and shared cross-national narratives, on the one hand, these being particularly visible in the news coverage of two international events covered by almost all papers. A shared culture is therefore visible in the ways journalists frame risks and opportunities experienced by children online, not apart from the scarcity of attention to the communicative rights expressed by the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child.


We have found that certain naphthalenesulfonamides [e.g., N‐6(‐aminohexyl)‐5‐chloro‐1‐naphthalenesulfonamide (W‐7)] and phenothiazines [e.g., trifluoperazine (TFP)] induce a loss of cell‐surface receptors for α2‐macroglobulin and epidermal growthfactor (EGF) in fibroblasts. The loss of α2‐macroglobulin receptors is independent of receptor occupancy and is rapidly reversed upon removal of these agents from the culture medium. The extent of EGF receptor loss is less than for α2‐macroglobulin, and the EGF receptors do not reappear at the surface when W‐7 isremoved. Receptor loss was measured as a change in the capacity for binding iodinated ligands;nochange in affinity of binding was observed. This receptor loss could reflect inactivation of receptors or internalization. W‐7 did not induce a loss of cell surface β2‐microglobulin, a membrane protein which is excluded from coated pits and which isnot internalized, indicating that the effect of W‐7 was specific for membrane receptorsandnot a result of bulk depletion of plasma membrane. The loss of α2‐macroglobulin and EGF receptors occurs at concentrations which do not cause an increase in the pH of endocytic vesicles or the cytoplasm, indicating that these agents act by a mechanism distinct from the effect of other weak bases. Since both TFP and W‐7 are potent inhibitors of calmodulin, we investigated the possibility that inhibition of calmodulin was responsiblefor the loss of receptors. Three lines of evidence suggest that calmodulin inhibition is not responsible for the inhibition of binding and endocytosis: (1) Promethazine, a phenothiazine that is a poor inhibitor of calmodulin, is nearly as effective as TFP at inhibiting endocytosis; calmidazolium, a potent inhibitor of several calmodulin functions, did not cause a loss of binding; (2) the microinjection of calmodulin into cells did not reverse the effects of W‐7; using pressure microinjection, we introduced up to a 100‐fold excess of calmodulin over native levels into individual gerbil fibroma cells; using rho‐damine‐labeled α2‐macroglobulln, we saw that the W‐7 induced inhibition of receptor‐mediated endocytosis was the same in injected and uninjected cells; (3) we injected calcineurin, a calmodulin‐binding protein, into cells (1‐3 pg/ cell) and observed no effect on the receptor‐mediated endocytosis of rhoda‐mine‐labeled α2‐macroglobulin. These data indicated that cell surface receptor numbers can be regulated by a cellular component that is not cytoplasmic calmodulin but that shares some drug sensitivities with calmodulin.


In this paper,the design ideas,structures,functions and unique features of the optimized seat assignment system of experiments in general physics are discussed. Based on the local campus network of Shantou University,this system can be used to realize the automatic seat assignment in general physical experiments and optimize the lab resource so as to meet the requirement within utmost limit in open experimental teaching.


EMERGENCY CARE of children can be an emotive and anxiety generating area for many practitioners. For healthcare professionals working in the fields of emergency medicine or paediatric care, the fifth edition of this manual is an essential resource for experienced and novice staff covering issues in relation to life support, seriously injured and seriously ill children. It is written by eminent clinicians and endorsed by service users and specialist forums.


ABSTRACT:In the history of the Horn of Africa, Italian colonial rule came as a new chapter of a long history of foreigner rulers, conflicts, and translocal exchanges. Yet, Italian colonialism left long-lasting traces in the memory of the inhabitants of Eritrea, Somalia, and Ethiopia. The present contribution deals with citizenship policy in the territories of the Horn of Africa during Italian rule (1880s–1940s). It centers on the racialized and instrumentalized form of citizenship, i.e., colonial subjecthood (sudditanza coloniale), created by the Kingdom of Italy to keep local colonial inhabitants outside of the metropolitan legal sphere. The basis for this differentiating policy was the Eurocentric assumption of a racial and cultural superiority of the colonizers vis-à-vis the colonized. Yet, ethnic, religious, and socioeconomic differences kept existing in colonial society. The article examines the different meanings and contents colonial subjecthood assumed throughout the years of Italian rule and the reasons of those changes. Furthermore, it looks at how diverse members of local society faced the citizenship policy of the Italian colonizer and how they, if possible, tried to negotiate their legal condition on the spot.


This article aims to present the theoretical basis, methodology, and design of a clinical trial we will conduct. The study will be prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, and double-blind. Each intervention period will last 8 weeks and the trial will be conducted on 100 patients in total, who will be randomly divided into two groups consisting of 50 patients each. We plan to investigate the impact of Lactobacillus helveticus Rosell and Bifidobacterium longum Rosell on the depressive, anxiety, and stress levels in patients with depressive disorders with possible comorbid anxiety. In addition to assessing the influence of probiotics on the clinical condition, we also plan to study the clinical and biochemical parameters of metabolic syndrome, which often coexists with depression. Both depressive and metabolic issues may have part of their etiopathology in common, e.g., inflammation, oxidative stress, and dysbiosis. This is why we will additionally investigate the parameters related to gut microbiota, inflammatory, and oxidative statuses. Thus, the primary endpoint of the study will be the change in depression score measured with the Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale. The secondary endpoints will include changes in anxiety and stress levels, as well as metabolic, inflammation, and oxidative stress parameters.


In The Cosmopolitan Self: George Herbert Mead and Continental Philosophy, Mitchell Aboulafia continues what he began with The Mediating Self: Mead, Sartre and Self-Determination (1986). In the latter, he compared Mead's and Sartre's views of subjectivity, intersubjectivity, and self-determination in order to, first, show Mead's potential contributions to debates more common within Continental philosophy; second, demonstrate some of the limitations of Mead's own view; and, finally, articulate his own view of the self that draws from each of theirs, yet avoids their problems. In The Cosmopolitan Self, Aboulafia again brings Mead into conversation with Continental philosophers on a theme familiar to Continentalists: the place of the political in the development of the Self. In this work Mead's views are put into dialogue with those of Hannah Arendt, Jürgen Habermas, and Emmanuel Levinas. Specifically, Aboulafia wants to use Mead to construct "a model of the social development of the self that shows how a democratically inclined subject embodies both a universalistic dimension and a sensitivity to particular others" (2), and, at the same time, to inspire greater philosophical exchange between continental philosophy and pragmatism. Such a project of broad comparison runs the risk of pleasing nobody. Mead scholars may not be sympathetic to Aboulafia's willingness to find criticisms of Mead in the views of continental figures; likewise, Arendt scholars, Habermas scholars, and Levinas scholars may not be sympathetic to Aboulafia's Meadinspired criticisms. The result of such a comparative project not done well could be less communication rather than more. Fortunately, Aboulafia does his job well. Few philosophers have the needed breadth to accomplish such a project. Aboulafia pulls it off because he is so good at narrowing in on the key themes— plurality and identity, universality and individuality, creativity and reflexivity— and bringing philosophers into conversation around these themes. Book Reviews 303


While the aging of agricultural labor force and its impact on agricultural production have been attracting extensive attention, little is known about the relationship between aging of agricultural labor force and technical efficiency in the garlic production. Based on the survey data of garlic growers in Lanling County, Shandong Province, the Data envelopment analysis(DEA)model is used to measure the production technical efficiency of garlic growers in 84 villages in Lanling County, Shandong Province, with the aging of the labor force. The distribution characteristics and changing trends of garlic production technology efficiency are analyzed in terms of family characteristics and garlic planting characteristics, and regression analysis is performed on the differences of the results. The study found the following: (1) Garlic growers in Lanling County, Shandong Province, accounted for a high proportion of laborers over 60 years old, and their physical health status was weaker than that of young laborers, which reduced the technical efficiency of garlic planting and production. (2) The number of garlic varieties grown by garlic growers and the number of garlic planted in acres have a significant negative impact on the technical efficiency of garlic planting by farmers. (3) There is a significant positive correlation between the annual household income of farmers and the production technology efficiency of garlic growers; when the number of garlic training is not more than three times, it has a positive impact on the production technology efficiency of garlic planting by farmers, and more than three times are related to garlic production technology. The efficiency is negatively correlated.


The author summarizes some high-frequency solutions in backscattering problems, based on PO (physical optics) and ECM (equivalent current method) integrals for conducting bodies. Analytical solutions derived from evaluations of the PO integral and equivalent current methods for flat plates with polygonal and circular edges are discussed. Backscattering from singly curved surfaces, including finite cylindrical screens of arbitrary cross section with edges or inflection points and cone tips, is analyzed using asymptotic approximations of the PO integrals and the physical theory of diffraction (PTD). As an example, the monostatic radar cross section of a 2-D perfectly conducting airfoil, modeled by four cylindrical screens and a strip, is presented. Results calculated by analytical PO+PTD solutions are compared with numerical calculations of G. Leflour et al. (1990) by using the finite element method.<<ETX>>


The Submarine Combat System is changing at a rapid pace coincident with changes in technology, submarine missions, and threat capabilities. Rapid change causes significant difficulties in the effective definition of the human interface to the system. These difficulties occur with the introduction of each new system or capability and are related to meeting the submarine crew's functional needs, without overwhelming it with too much unneeded information. This paper explores using simulated tactical environments as inputs to a functional prioritization scheme to systematically identify the functional needs of the submarine crew, and provide a means of effective human interface definition.


Abstract Intracellular pyridoxal 5´-phosphate (PLP) -dependent recombinant phosphoserine aminotransferases (PSATs; EC 22.214.171.124) from two alkaliphilic Bacillus strains were overproduced in Escherichia coli, purified to homogeneity and their enzymological characteristics were compared to PSAT from neutralophilic E. coli. Some of the enzymatic characteristics of the PSATs from the alkaliphiles were unique, showing high and sharp pH optimal of the activity related to putative internal pH inside the microbes. The specific activities of all of the studied enzymes were similar (42-44 U/mg) as measured at the pH optima of the enzymes. The spectrophotometric acid-base titration of the PLP chromophore of the enzymes from the alkaliphiles showed that the pH optimum of the activity appeared at the pH wherein the active sites were half-protonated. Detachment of PLP from holoenzymes did not take place even at pH up to 11. The kinetics of the activity loss at acid and alkaline pHs were similar in all three enzymes and followed similar kinetics. The available 3-D structural data is discussed as well as the role of protons at the active site of aminotransferases.


We sketch a theory of creativity which centres on the framing of activity by repetitive thinking and action, and sees creativity as divergences from these routines which is thereby framed against them. Without a repetitive frame creativity is impossible. Mere repetition is not creative, even if new. Creativity disrupts a frame, purposefully. Socratic Dialogue is an ancient technique of engaging a student in a dialogue by asking non-leading questions, aimed at revealing to the student how much knowledge he or she already has on some topic: Socrates' demonstration to the slave-boy (and the audience) that the boy already knows geometry (without any schooling) is the founding example. We aim to illustrate that internalising the Socratic kind of reflective self-questioning and co-questioning is intimately related to the view of creativity as the reframing of routine. Therefore, we have qualitatively analysed primary and secondary school pilots in Greece, Austria and the United Kingdom. The illustrations of facilitated Socratic Dialogues with children and young people have been derived from the analysis of 14 Socratic Dialogues involving a total number of 97 students. This paper outlines the Socratic Dialogue as a method of both researching and teaching creative thinking, and it reveals that the Socratic method dovetails with this conception of co-creativity. As a research method, Socratic Dialogue aims to elicit information concerning reasoning processes and shared experiences. As a teaching method, Socratic Dialogue aims to get students to internalise the public methodology of Socratic Dialogue, and to adopt it across the range of domains they meet. The students' use of the internalised method towards enabling creative thinking is illustrated by the experiences of the teaching intervention teams in the C2Learn project, using games to provide occasions for co-creativity.


The European Commission is committed to ensuring the free movement of personal information between EU Member States and strengthening the protection of the privacy of information by EU Member States through the EU General Regulations 2016/679 (General Data Protection Regulation: 'GDPR'), which entered into force on May 24, 2016, and effect on May 25, 2018, and will have direct application and legal binding power to all EU Member States. Companies that are servicing the EU or preparing for business need to have a good understanding of the GDPR compliance requirements and need to comply with the relevant regulatory requirements. This study compares the legal core requirements between GDPR and domestic law, compares and analyzes the control items of ISMS (Information Security Management System & PIMS: Personal Information Management System) with the requirements of GDPR suggest ways to prepare a response system.


We show that the number Z of q-edge-colourings of a simple regular graph of degree q is deducible from functions describing dimers on the same graph, viz. the dimer generating function or equivalently the set of connected dimer correlation functions. Using this relationship to the dimer problem, we derive fermionic representations for Z in terms of Grassmann integrals with quartic actions. Expressions are given for planar graphs and for nonplanar graphs embeddable (without edge crossings) on a torus. We discuss exact numerical evaluations of the Grassmann integrals using an algorithm by Creutz, and present an application to the 4-edge-colouring problem on toroidal square lattices, comparing the results to numerical transfer matrix calculations and a previous Bethe ansatz study. We also show that for the square, honeycomb, 3-12, and one-dimensional lattice, known exact results for the asymptotic scaling of Z with the number of vertices can be expressed in a unified way as different values of one and the same function.


Effection factors on biosynthesis of L-PAC by the use of the immobilized yeast cell are studied in this paper.The results are shown that higher L-PAC production is achieved in 4 times volume of the immobilized yeast cell alginate gel beads water solution containing 2.5% glucose by the use of the immobilized Sc-5 yeast cell according to 2g fresh cell/3.2% alginate gel at temperature of 28-30℃ and frequency of 220 rotary/min.Positive stimulation of L-PAC production is observed by vitamin C when added into fermenting solution.L-PAC production is up to 2g/L under the optimization conditions.


Most valuably, McAuley reveals herself to be a particularly insightful observer, recording details that most spectators, even the most perceptive, might overlook. For example, she discusses the case of actors working on a translation of Phèdre by Robert Lowell in a room with a circle scratched into the shabby linoleum, the remnant of some previous rehearsal. "It was not apparent to me or, I think, to anyone else watching the development of the scene, that the circle on the floor had anything to do with the circular movement of the actress or with the highly accentuated notion of center/periphery that emerged from the blocking, and this was never discussed between the actors and the director" (72). Several days later the same actors began working on a different translation of the same scene in the same rehearsal space, but now four "hardboard sheets," their seams forming a cross in the middle of the floor, covered the linoleum. "During the course of this session a blocking was developed based on the notion of distance, and I was intrigued to notice that the two actors positioned themselves always in relation to the horizontal and vertical axes formed by the cracks between the sheets of hardboard . . . . The circularity of the Lowell version had become so well entrenched in the actors' body memory that it was not affected by the removal of the circle on the floor, but the introduction of the cross marking horizontal and vertical axes at a moment when the blocking of the scene was quite unformed was clearly of critical importance, even though it is unlikely that the participants were consciously aware of this" (72–73).


We analyze possible organizational use of workflow technology based on contemporary organizational theory for the purpose of understanding flexible workflow. Organization theory is entered through Gareth Morgan's "Images of Organization", which describes eight metaphors that can be consciously applied for the study of organizations. All metaphors contribute to this study, but some give more important contributions. Based on the brains-metaphor, we show how workflow is linked to organizational learning and how it can be extended to actually support aspects of it. Inspired by the culture-metaphor we focus on social reality construction and how user oriented process models may contribute to support the construction of shared realities and shared meaning. Utilizing the flux and transformationmetaphor, we argue against "generic" business processes except as templates for adaptation.


Studies on paddy soils of Tropical Asia [Kawaguchi and Kyuma 1977; Kyuma 1976; 1977; 1978] have yielded a large body of data on their chemical and physical properties. From these data, those on the contents of nine major elemental oxides and three textural separates were used to set up soil material classes, in the hope that such a classification would help in evaluating and characterizing the potential capability of Tropical Asian paddy soils [Kawaguchi and Kyuma 1975; 1976]. The soil material classification thus established was found useful for general capability evaluation. But, in a more recent study, it was found less useful for predicting the trace element status of the soils [Domingo and Kyuma 1983b]. Therefore, an attempt to set up a new soil material classification has been made based on a new set of data including those of trace elements.


SYNOPSIS In 1791 Jacob van Reenen, who kept the journal of an expedition sent from Cape Town to search for possible survivors from the Grosvenor East Indiaman, wrecked on the coast of Pondoland in 1782, reported the existence of Bantu clans of mixed blood, some of whose ancestors were European and Asiatic. The author has collected all available information about these peoples, and has traced their movements from the second half of the eighteenth century to recent times. He has also furnished a chronological table of important events in the lives of certain members of these clans, and genealogical tables showing how European and Asiatic blood has spread in those areas inhabited by them. He has, further, obtained and identified the photograph of one member of the clan descended from a European woman, and has finally demonstrated that the foreign ancestors of both clans were wrecked on the Pondoland coast many years before the Grosvenor disaster.


The self-organizing theory is a subject that studies complicated system,which formed and developed in last century.It has already widely applied to such fields as physics,living beings,society,economic management,etc.The authors make a definition of the enterprise's flexible manufacturing system according to the changes of market demand and the needs of competi- tion at present,and analyze the properties and characters of it.The authors think this system is qualified to form dissipative structure. In order to improve the operational efficiency of enterprise's flexible manufacturing system,the authors propose some suggestions and measures according to the self-organizing theory.


The method of increasing truthfulness of control of data which is presented by residual classes (RC) is considered in the article. The results of calculations and comparative analysis of truthfulness of data control in RC have shown that efficiency of non-positional coding in residual classes greatly rises with bit grid of handled data increasing.


Ever since Veritatis Splendor laid claim to the idea that the principle factor in determining the morality of human activity was the choice of the object of a human act, I have been intrigued by the challenge that this presents to anyone who is persuaded by the idea that human activity can only be morally evaluated after all the relevant factors have been taken into account. To follow the argument of the encyclical one step further, the claim that the goodness or malice of the human will is determined by the choice of the object of human action appears to be both a plausible interpretation of the Catholic moral tradition and also a somewhat narrow view of moral discernment. It is plausible because the entire tradition of the manuals of moral theology maintained that it is primarily the object of human activity, that behavior which a person performs, that can be sufficient for determining whether or not a sin has been committed. Other considerations about circumstances and intentions serve only to mitigate or accentuate accountability (guilt) on the part of the agent (acting person). The presence or absence of an 'objective sin' can be determined by the consideration of the object alone. It is a narrow view of moral discernment because, expressed in this manner, it focuses exclusively upon behavior without any consideration of the human person as committed to a life project. It is not difficult to imagine persons acting on impulse, giving in to certain weaknesses, or making mistakes. It is also possible that some human decisions can be simply and spontaneously malicious. However, one could validly ask whether this is an adequate image for outlining a 'Christian anthropology' or of describing how we would prefer to envision moral life. The classical explanation for this approach lies in the neo-scholastic interpretations of Thomas Aquinas' Summa Theologiae. In this opinion, the moral evaluation of the human act depends first upon the object (ST, I-II,18,2), followed by an evaluation of the circumstances (18,3) and then confirmed by a consideration of the end of the agent (18,4). Countless interpreters of the Summa have agreed upon this analysis, not the least of whom was the Belgian Dominican, Servais Pinckaers. In one of his commentaries he wrote,


In this paper the authors present the results of an international survey among student-officers of military academies in eigtheen nations. The main subjects of this survey were work-related value orientations and attitudes towards aspects of military discipline. The results indicate the existence of one international military culture. At the same time there are remarkable differences between the various national academies; these differences occur both in cultural value orientations and in attitudes towards aspects of military discipline. On the basis of these results the authors formulate some implications for international military practice. In addition the authors draw attention to possible developments with regard to the military profession and the bureaucratic character of military organizations.


Mr. Songlai Han is a joint-training doctorate candidate at both the National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China, and the University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. He received the B.S. degree in Electronic Science and Technology from Tianjin University, Tianjin, China in 2003, and received the M.S. degree in Control Science and Technology from the National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China in 2005. His current research interests include INS and GPS/INS integration.


13C-NMR has been used to analyze the microstructures of a series of experimental chlorinated ethylene–vinyl acetate copolymers (15–56% CI). Previously established line assignments for EVA copolymers and substituent effect parameters for chlorine have enabled us to tentatively assign partial structures up to five carbon atoms in length. The 13C-NMR analyses of a commercial vinyl chloride–vinyl acetate copolymer, a commercial vinyl chloride–vinyl acetate–ethylene terpolymer, and a commercial chlorinated polyethylene support the structural assignments. Data obtained for the experimental resins indicate that the acetate groups influence the way in which chlorine is added to the polymer chain. furthermore, the data indicate the acetate groups undergo little, if any, chlorination.


Modern development of power system is characterized by the decrease of using expensive liquid fuel which is a valuable raw material for the oil refining industry and the increase of using solid fuels. Stocks of high-quality coal deposits are exhausted due to increase in a share of solid fuels. Besides, there is deterioration in a quality of solid fuels extracted by mining method. Transition to the development of powerful coal deposits mined by open way and the use of it as fuel for power plants and other fuel using devices are connected with certain difficulties. And mainly it is because of high cost and power consumption of preparation process for burning.


FIELD: chemistry. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture. An increase of the compatible concentration of a mixture of pesticides, possessing electrolytical properties, (EPM) in a water solution is realised. EPM contains at least one possessing the electrolytical properties pesticide in the first salt form, where the first possessing the electrolytical properties pesticide is selected from a water-soluble salt of acifluorofen, acrolein, aminopyralid, amitrol, asulam, benazolin, bentazon, bialaphos, bromacyl, bromoxynil-potassium, chloramben, chloroacetic acid, clopyralid, 2,4-D, 2,4-DB, dalapon, dicamba, dichlorprop, difenzoquat, endothall, fenac, fenoxaprop, flamprop, flumiclorac, fluoroglycofen, flupropanate, fomesafen, fosamine, glufosinate, glyphosate, imidazolinones, such as imazameth, imazamethabenz, imazamox, imazapic, imazapyr, imazaquin and imazethapyr, ioxynil, 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid, 4-(4-chloro-o-tolyloxy)butyric acid, mecoprop, methylarsonic acid, naptalam, nonanoic acid, phenoxy-type herbicides, picloram, quinclorac, sulphamic acid, 2,3,6-trichlorobenzoic acid, triclopyr, and a compound of formula and the second possessing the electrolytic properties pesticide in the second salt form, where the said first salt form is different from the said second salt form and where the second possessing the electrolytic properties pesticide is different from the first possessing the electrolytic properties pesticide, and it is selected from a water-soluble salt of acifluorofen, acrolein, aminopyralid, amitrol, asulam, benazolin, bentazon, bialaphos, bromacyl, bromoxynil-sodium, chloramben, chloroacetic acid, clopyralid, 2,4-D, 2,4-DB, dalapon, dicamba, dichlorprop, difenzoquat, endothall, fenac, fenoxaprop, flamprop, flumiclorac, fluoroglycofen, flupropanate, fomesafen, fosamine, glufosinate, glyphosate, imidazolinones, such as imazameth, imazamethabenz, imazamox, imazapic, imazapyr, imazaquin and imazethapyr, ioxynil, 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid, 4-(4-chloro-o-tolyloxy)butyric acid, mecoprop, methylarsonic acid, naptalam, nonanoic acid, phenoxy-type herbicides, picloram, quinclorac, sulphamic acid, 2,3,6-trichlorobenzoic acid, triclopyr, and a compound of formula , by the addition of at least one alkylpolyglycoside (APG) into the solution in an amount from 30 to 300 g/l. EFFECT: invention makes it possible to increase the compatibility of pesticides. 15 cl, 6 tbl


I. INTRODUCTION The United States Supreme Court articulated the purpose of 42 U.S.C. § 1983 decades ago in its landmark decision, Monroe v. Pape} In Monroe, the Court determined that the purpose of the legislation was, and still is, to enforce rights guaranteed by the United States Constitution - most notably, the provisions of the Fourteenth Amendment.2 Section 1983 allows a person to recover damages from an actor who, under the color of state or local law, causes a deprivation of any ofthat person's guaranteed constitutional rights.3 But how far does this remedy extend with regard to a state official' s failure to act? Does the United States Constitution guarantee a minimum level of safety and security that constitutes a deprivation of liberty if not met? When the issue concerns a state actor's neglect insofar as that harm is caused through omission, the Court applies a standard of "deliberate indifference."4 The most common scenario where an allegation of deliberate indifference arises is one where state officials have custody and direct authority over the alleged victim - a scenario typically manifested in prisons, where the complainant is a prisoner upset with the omissions of the prison guards. Although this deliberate indifference standard is impossible to define with precise clarity, the Court has explained that "deliberate indifference entails something more than mere negligence, [but] ... is satisfied by something less than acts or omissions for the very purpose of causing harm or with knowledge that harm will result." In other words, deliberate indifference lies "somewhere between the poles of negligence at one end and purpose or knowledge at the other."6 This Note will explore the deliberate indifference standard and address some of the questions that the standard raises - such as whether the standard allows for an obtainable remedy under § 1983, and whether the courts have properly applied the standard in recent decisions. To explore these issues in a narrower context, this Note will limit its review to the Fifth Circuit's application of the deliberate indifference standard in two recent Fifth Circuit decisions, both of which dealt with a § 1983 claim involving an attempt to recover damages through allegations of deliberate indifference on the part of state actors.7 Part II of this Note recites the procedural and factual history of the two cases in question. Part III discusses the Fifth Circuit's deliberate indifference analysis in those decisions and determines whether the court reached the correct result. Part IV analyzes the standard itself and entertains potential methods of reform. Part V examines the actual approaches taken by states that have adopted their own Civil Rights Statute, comparable to the federal government's § 1983. Finally, Part VI concludes this Note. II. TWO RECENT DELIBERATE INDIFFERENCE CASES IN THE FIFTH CIRCUIT A. Case Recitation: Hare v. City of Corinth, MS 1. Factual and Procedural History The Booneville, Mississippi Police Department arrested Tina Hare in early July of 1989 on warrants for petty larceny and forgery.8 The Corinth Police Department was quickly notified, took custody of Hare, and ultimately transported her to the Corinth City Jail shortly following the Booneville arrest.9 The next morning, Hare's parents arrived at the jail to seek their daughter's release, but were informed by Captain Burns of the Corinth Police Department that she would not be ready for release until further investigation had been completed.10 Burns then instructed her parents to return home and wait for his call.11 While incarcerated, Hare exhibited symptoms of depression from being contained, as well as symptoms of withdrawal from a prior history of drug abuse.12 After observing these signs, Burns placed Hare in a private cell and told the dispatcher to monitor her closely in the event that her symptoms required medical attention. Later that afternoon, Hare's parents returned to visit the jail and, afterwards, her mother described her as "emotionally distraught. …


How would the average male reader of Physics World feel if a slightly older, but less senior, female scientist approached him at work, patted him on the head, and uttered the words "there's a good little thing, aren't you clever?" Or if, at meetings where a mixture of engineers and managers is present, many at a junior level to himself, the job of pouring the tea is always delegated to him because he is "most suited to the job"? How would he react if a female personnel manager called him "you f***ing bitch" after losing an argument?


INTRODUCTION: Fentanyl and midazolam are highly lipophilic agents commonly used as continuous infusions for sedation. Based on the pharmacokinetics, a bolus dose could shorten the time to achieve steady state concentrations before being maintained with an increase in the continuous infusion. Upfront bolus dosing may avoid excessive uptitration to a maximum rate leading to drug accumulation, adverse reactions, and addition of other sedatives. The purpose of this study is to compare the efficacy and safety of bolus doses versus no bolus doses prior to up-titration of fentanyl and midazolam continuous infusions for sedation in mechanically ventilated adult patients in the medical intensive care unit (MICU). METHOD(S): This retrospective cohort study looked at adults receiving fentanyl or midazolam infusions for sedation for at least 24 hours admitted to the MICU at North Shore University Hospital from October 2021 to April 2022. The 2 cohorts are patients pre- and post-implementation of education on fentanyl and midazolam bolus doses. Patients were excluded if they were receiving concurrent neuromuscular blocking agents, had concurrent diagnosis of uncontrolled seizures, catastrophic stroke, intracranial hemorrhage, or COVID-19 as the primary diagnosis. The primary outcome of the study is duration of mechanical ventilation (MV). RESULT(S): Thirty-six patients were analyzed with 25 in the control group and 11 in the study group. More patients in the study group had history of leukemia (8% vs 45%, p=0.018) and a higher number of sedatives prior to study drug infusion (p=0.0383). There was no difference in the median duration of MV (6 vs 9 days, p=0.1179). The control group had a statistically significant lower sedation intensity score on days 1 and 2 of sedation that on average was 9.6 and 8.5 units lower, respectively. Outcomes including number of concomitant sedatives, in-hospital mortality and time to Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (RASS) goal were not statistically significant. Adverse events were similar between groups. CONCLUSION(S): Low protocol adherence and small sample size limit the interpretation of results. Thus, larger studies would be required to assess if there is a difference in MV using the bolus vs no bolus dose titration. Next steps include further data collection and protocol reinforcement.


Optimizing processes is essential to reduce costs, improve product quality and ensure the sustainability of organizations. This research proposes a support system to automate the assignment of the teaching load of an educational unit, maximizing teacher satisfaction with the assigned subjects, reducing administrative times and increasing the process transparency. [1] [2] guidelines were followed, applying the integer linear programming model, using Excel and R programs to solve the mathematical problem. The findings show that 84% of teachers will have maximum satisfaction in assigned subjects, and the rest reach 80% satisfaction. Additionally, 92% of the subjects were designated to teachers with maximum experience, knowledge and preference for them, for the remaining 8% the satisfaction range was between 80-93%, which will benefit the teaching act.


The paper describes how the MSP430f1232 and NRF24L01integrated circuits can be used to design an industrial wireless remote control system,and presents the hardware composition and software flow chart of the system.The test shows that the operation status information of the equipment can be indicated by the indicator lamp on the remote control transmitter.It can enhance the operational safety of the distant-control and is ideal for remote control of the single hook,constant speed electric hoist or hoist crane.The system is simple and can be applied to the other equipment.


Objective:To study the relationship and clinical significance of the peripheral blood procalcitonin(PCT),C-reactive protein and early multiple organ dysfunction syndrome(MODS).Methods: 106 patients with multiple trauma were divided into MODS group and non-MODS group according to the occurrence of MODS,and the concentration of peripheral blood PCT and CRP in the 6 hours and 1,2,3,5,7days after trauma were detected by antibody-sandwich immunoluminometric assay and immune turbidimetric test and then compared with the 32 heathy people in normal group.Results: Compared with control group and normal group,the level of serum PCT in patients with MODS in 6 hours,1,2,3,5 and 7 days after trauma increased obviously(P0.05).When compared to control group,the level of CRP in MODS group in 6 hours,the first and second days after trauma increased significantly(P0.05),and there is no statistical significance on CRP between the two groups after 3 days(P0.05).Conclusion: The increase of PCT and CRP has close relation to the occurrence of secondary MODS.The joint detection of peripheral blood PCT and CRP in patients with multiple trauma can predict the occurrence of early MODS.


The Journal of Southern History, Volume LXXXIX, No. 3, August 2023 Through this organizational structure, Sharpless offers a chronology of southern baking with an analysis of sweet baked goods that does not sugarcoat the hard realities of colonization, slavery, racism, classism, and the commercial monopoly of the food industry. In each section, readers will salivate over rich descriptions of baked goods, though the closing section leaves a somber aftertaste. Sharpless alludes to the ironic relationship between these delightful sweets and problematic social and economic structures in her chapter titles: "Rosquetes de Azucar: America, Europe, Africa" (chap. 2); "White Mountain Cake: Poverty and Opulence" (chap. 6); "Jelly Roll: The Modernizing South" (chap. 7). In each section, Sharpless offers complex answers to those challenging questions. Who or what makes a southerner? What ingredients and methods define southern baking? While anyone who has ever lived and baked in what is now the South is a southerner, the first southerners were Native Americans, Europeans, and Africans. From the first moment of contact between these ethnic groups, their exchanges gave rise to "distinctive baking practices [that] have demonstrated the complexities of the region and its people for more than 500 years" (p. 2). Despite these complexities, underscored within each chapter of this book, southern baking has historically shared a specific culinary palate rooted in five centuries of encounters: the knowledge of baking with wheat and corn and managing fire to make signature southern favorites like biscuits and cornbread.


Los desplazamientos laterales son de gran importancia en el tenis. Sin embargo, no ha sido publicado ningun estudio sobre el efecto del calzado sobre el rendimiento en este tipo de movimientos. En el estudio participaron 5 jugadores habituales de tenis y se analizaron 10 calzados comerciales de tenis. El movimiento estudiado consistio en un desplazamiento lateral con parada y cambio de sentido, registrandose las fuerzas mediante una plataforma dinamometrica Dinascan-IBV y grabandose el movimiento con dos camaras de video S-VHS Panasonic WV-BL600. Los resultados de los ANOVAs realizados mostraron que algunas de las variables analizadas eran dependientes del calzado (p < 0.05). De estas, destacan (1) la supinacion maxima de la subastragalina y (2) el tiempo de apoyo. Se detectaron varias correlaciones (Pearson) significativas (p < 0.05) de especial relevancia, destacando la correlacion positiva entre el tiempo de apoyo con los maximos de supinacion. Como el impulso mecanico no se ha visto afectado por el calzado, esto indica que el calzado que limita la supinacion permite realizar el movimiento analizado en un menor tiempo. Palabras clave : calzado; desplazamiento lateral; supinacion; rendimiento; tenis. Abstract Sideward cutting movements are very important in tennis. However, no studies on their effect on performance have been published. 5 tennis players (age 21.5 ± 0.8, weight 75.2 ± 2.8 kg, height, 1.78 ± 0.05 m) participated in the study on a voluntary basis and 10 tennis shoes were analysed. Subjects perform a sideward cutting movement. An extensometric force plate (Dinascan-IBV) was used to record the kinetic variables and 2 video cameras (Panasonic-WV-BL600) were utilized for the kinematic variables. ANOVA results showed several variables as shoe-dependent (p < 0.05), among these stands out (1) rearfoot supination movement and (2) contact time. Moreover these variables were positively correlated (p < 0.05). As mechanical impulse was not change, this means that shoes that limit supination allow perform sideward cutting movements faster. Key words : shoe; cutting movement; supination; performance; tennis. doi:10.5232/ricyde2009.01506 Texto completo en PDF --------------------------------------------------------------------- Referencias/references Brizuela, G.; Llana, S.; Ferrandis, R. y Garcia-Belenguer, A.C. (1997). The influence of basketball shoes with increased ankle support on shock attenuation and performance in running and jumping. Journal of Sport Sciences, 15 (5) 505-515. doi:10.1080/026404197367146 Caine, D.J.; Caine, C.G. & Lindner, K.J. (1996) Epidemiology of sports injuries. Ilinois. Human Kinetics. Chandler, R.F.; Clauser, C.E.; McConville, J.T.; Reynolds, H.M. & Young, J.W. (1975). Investigation of inertial properties of the human body. Wright-Patterson Air Force Base (pp. 74-137). Ohio: Aerospace Medical Research Laboratories. Chard, M.D. & Lachmann, S.M. (1987) Racquet sports-patters of injury presenting to a sports injury clinic. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 21 (4) 150-153. doi:10.1136/bjsm.21.4.150 PMid:3435816 PMCid:1478480 Ferran, N.A. & Maffulli, N. (2006) Epidemiology of sprains of the lateral ankle ligament complex. Foot Ankle Clinics, 11 (3), 659-662. doi:10.1016/j.fcl.2006.07.002 PMid:16971255 Hutchinson, M.R.; Laprade, R.F.; Burnett, Q.M.; Moss, R. & Terpstra, J. (1995). Injury surveillance at the USTA boys' tennis championships: a 6-yr study. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 27 (6) 826-830. doi:10.1249/00005768-199506000-00006 Kulund, D.N.; McCue, F.C.; Rockwell, D.A.; Gieck, J.H. & Cat, E.D. (1979). Tennis injuries: prevention and treatment. American Journal of Sports Medicine, 7 (4) 248- 253. doi:10.1177/036354657900700409 PMid:474866 Llana, S.; Brizuela, G.; Dura, JV. y Garcia (2002). A study of the discomfort associated with tennis shoes. Journal of Sport Sciences, 20 (9), 671-679. doi:10.1080/026404102320219374 Miller, S. (2006). Modern tennis rackets, balls and surfaces. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 40, 401-405. doi:10.1136/bjsm.2005.023283 PMid:16632569 PMCid:2577483 Pluim, B.M.; Staal, J.B.; Windler, G.E. & Jayanthi N. (2006). Tennis injuries: occurrence, aetiology, and prevention. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 40 (5), 415-423. doi:10.1136/bjsm.2005.023184 PMid:16632572 PMCid:2577485 Shackel, B.; Chidsey, K.D. & Shipley, P. (1969). The assessment of chair comfort. Part I. Experimental comparisons of upright chairs. Ergonomics, 12 (2), 269-286. doi:10.1080/00140136908931053 PMid:5810916 Stacoff, A.; Steger, J.; Stussi, E. & Reinschmidt, C. (1996). Lateral stability in sideward cutting movements. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 28 (3) 350-8. doi:10.1097/00005768-199603000-00010 Stacoff, A.; Kaelin, X. & Stussi, E. (1991). The effect of shoes on the torsion and rearfoot motion in running. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 23 (4) 482-490. doi:10.1249/00005768-199104000-00015 Stefanyshyn, D. & Nigg, B. (2000). Influence of midsole bending stiffness on joint energy and jump height performance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32 (2) 471-476. doi:10.1097/00005768-200002000-00032 Stussi, E. y Stacoff, A. (1993). Biomechanische und orthopadische probleme des tennis- und hallenschuhs. Sportverletzung Sportschaden, 7, 187-190. doi:10.1055/s-2007-993505 PMid:7908460 Valiant, G.A. (1989). A method of measuring translational and rotational traction characteristics of footwear. Journal of Biomechanics, 22, 1091. doi:10.1016/0021-9290(89)90488-0 ---------------------------------------------------------------------


We propose graphene oxide (GO) poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) as new resistive memory material for non-volatile bipolar resistive switching memories, GO-PEDOT:PSS composites show great potential for resistance-change use in high density flexible nonvolatile memories. Repetitive high-speed switching, low switching voltage (about ±1-3V), tight distributions of HRS and LRS and long retention of more than 104s have been successfully demonstrated. The mechanism of conduction and resistance switching are studied.


This paper provides 28- and 73-GHz urban omnidirectional propagation large-scale path loss data measured in downtown New York City during the summers of 2012 and 2013, and 38 GHz data measured in downtown Austin in the summer of 2011. The data provided herein may be used by antenna, propagation, and communications researchers for emerging mobile and/or backhaul millimeter-wave (mmWave) system analyses. This paper also presents measurement layout maps with transmitter and receiver locations and GPS coordinates, so that anyone may create similar or new measurements and models, or may perform further processing, such as with ray-tracers and modeling tools, in addition to studying mmWave system performance. Using the data provided herein, large-scale path loss models using a standard close-in 1 meter free-space reference distance are provided for each of the three frequency bands.


In accordance with Federal Сodes and Regulations "Safety Rules in Coal Mines" (PB) "in the mine workings, pit head buildings and structures shall be equipped with complex systems and means to ensure the organization and implementation of safety of conducting of mining works, monitoring and control of technological and production processes in normal and emergency conditions" and "systems and devices of this system should be merged into multi-function security (MFSB)" [1].Composition MFSB is determined by the design documentation. The task of selecting data transmission equipment, methods of monitoring the atmosphere of the mine, the operation parameters of the technical means and monitor the location of staff and communication with staff addressed, among others, when designing MFSB. The wrong choice of equipment leads to waste of time and resources and ensures the prevention of the formation of conditions for occurrence of various hazards.In the modern world data network are widely used in industry and everyday life. It is impossible to imagine operation of an industrial enterprise without Internet, mobile communication network, positioning systems and access control of personnel.The purpose of this article is to conduct a balanced assessment of the data transmission technologies that use different security systems for the coal industry, and to provide advice on choosing the most effective option.


uponthe livertoperform; or else itincreases the supply of material in the connective tissue of the gland, which sets up irritation by its presence because it is not in accord with the wants of the tissue. The result of that irritation is so called chronic inflamnmation of the organ ; then follows contraction of the new tissue and cirrhosis. The Lungs.-It lessens the amount of carbonic acid, and the watery vapour, which ought to be excreted. It alters the molecular constitution of the lung-tissue, giving rise to chronic bronchitis and emphysema The Heart and Blood-vssels.c-It first quickens the action of the heart, by altering the balance of power. Tho blood-vessels all over the body are more easily dilated, so that the vi a fronte has not to be overcome, and blood is pumped into the tissues more easily than before. The period of rest which the heart requires is shortened, and its nutrition is interfered with both by pressure on the nutrient vessels and shortened time for recovery. After a time there is defective muscular tower, whilst the quantity of work to be performed is really increaseSo. The Sk-ib.-The superficial capillaries become dilated, a turgeseence is produced which soon subsides, unless the dose is repeated; if it be a continuous repetition the turgeseence becomes permanent. The skin alters in appearaneo, loses its smoothness and proper colour, becomes liable to disease, partly in consequence of the non-supply of lubricating material by the sebaceous follicles, and partly by interference with sweat-glands. Cold is felt miiore intensely than is the case when intoxicants are not habitually taken. The Arvrostz System-The symptoms which arise prove very con' clusively that alcohol interferes with nerve-currents. At first it increases the discharge of energy, but at the same time producing a larger quantity of debris which remains more or less in situ in consequence of the semi-paralysed state of the vaso-motor system, and probably gives rise to the languor, headache, depression, anid fatigue, which follow upon the excitement which alcohol has produced. Kidney.-This is at first stimulated into increased action by the turgid vascular tissue, but the ultimate result is precisely the same in eifect as arises in the liver; there is first enlargement, then a cirrhotic state. It is usually styled Bright's disease, and appears in several fornms. Mfuseuksr System. -Voluntary muscular power seems to be dinuinished, and the finer combined movements are less perfectly made. So says Professor de Chaumont in his splendid edition of Parkes's Hygiene, from which work I have extracted the major portion of these references to its physiological action on particular organs. Personal experience in my own case tells me very conclusively that, if I were to take three glasses of wine or beer to-day, I should feel tired, and not up to my work to-morrow; and this is the general experience of the abstainer. How are the conditions which give rise to these morbid changes produced? My contention is, that there is arrest of the changes by which healthy functions are promoted. Those functions, and the ordinary faculties which belong to life, require that those changes be carried on regularly. Some are fond of calling them metabolism. The waste material which results from the performance of either function or faculty must be removed as fast as it is formed, if the body is to remain in a healthy state. If the change be interfered witli, if the alcohol which is imbibed seize upon the nascent oxygen just at the moment when the latter is about to oxidiso the resultant waste, that is left in situ, in a form which ultimately starts the degenerative stage, such as is found in the first stage of fatty degreneration, in cirrhosis, in atheroma, in emphysema, in Bright's disease, and all the class of maladies which are connected with the abuse of intoxicants. This is called nonsense by some of the supporters of the so-called temperate use of intoxicants, yet it is in aecord with the views expresscd by all the leading physiologists of the day; that which is nonsense in my writings must be as much nonsense in theirs; the grand physiological principles upon which these statemenits are based cannot be put out of sight by abuse. (To be continuecd.)J


Holographic near-eye displays (NEDs) have large potential for augmented reality (AR) devices as they modulate the wavefront of light. They can provide observers with comfortable three-dimensional (3D) views with focus-cues, and little optical aberrations since the unwanted phase delay added by optical systems can be compensated by wavefront modulation. With the advent of ultra-high-definition (UHD) spatial light modulator (SLM), a degree of freedom in designing holographic NEDs has been further expanded. Here, we introduce several holographic NEDs using UHD SLM. The holographic NED using an HOE is introduced for the optical see-through display. Besides, the holographic NED with enlarged eye-box using point-source array and eye-tracking method will be presented. Finally, the holographic NED of which optical aberration is compensated by Zernike's polynomial adaptation will be introduced.


—We aim to find fundamental principles of robust vision and express them as interconnected recursive filters, which is a network capable of feed-forward and feed-back information. We demonstrate that certain visual illusions can be explained using interconnected recursive filters, while also serving as an algorithmic architecture to build robotic vision applications.


ABSTRACT In order to make an inventory of herbal remedies commonly used in the treatment of diabetes, in Western Anatolia, 48 traditional herbal healers were interviewed in 17 different areas of the Afyonkarahisar region. In this study, an ethnobotanical approach to diabetes treatment has been shown by using medicinal and herbal plants. Ethnobotanical data was collected by administering a semi-structured questionnaire to 48 resource people (28 women and 20 men) and interviewing them about use of medicinal plants between 2015 and 2016. Ethnobotanical plant species were identified after bringing to the laboratory. They have also been cured with medicinal plants as ethnobotanical practices have been undergoing a cure during the study carried out. The plants reported have been identified and are presented in a table with their vernacular name, useful parts and medicinal uses. In addition, use values (UV) were calculated. An ethnobotanical approach was exhibited to struggle with the diabetes ailment. A different approach to cure diabetes is presented.


Based on practical study and training experience of physical education teacher training program at all levels,taking the physical education teacher training culture as the perspective point,this paper analyzes the importance of physical education teachers training on the basis of cultural construction,tries to build a distinctive culture of the sports teacher training from the training concept update.innovation training model,humanities training management,training products development,publicity-pronged approach.Combining with the new situation,task and requirement of physical education teacher training,it proposes the promotion of sports culture and the construction of thoughts from the professional perspective of sustainable development:It is essential to reflect the core values of physical education teachers training program,and optimize the overall function of the training institutions,and reform and innovate the training of physical education teachers.It will comprehensively improve the quality of training,and build training brand for building and strengthening the physical education teacher training culture.


Liquid ribbons of solutions of copper hexanoate in a volatile solvent were drawn on a glass slide using either fine glass capillaries or an ink jet printer. After solvent evaporation, the solute was observed to segregate into multiple pairs of stripes much narrower than the initial ribbon diameter. These stripes were then converted to pure copper by annealing. Surface profiles indicate that the thickness, width, and number of lines formed are strongly dependent on the solution viscosity and volume per unit length deposited. From flow visualization studies and surface profiling, we have found that evaporative cooling produces Benard–Marangoni convection patterns which accrete the solute along two key boundaries of the flow, namely the three phase contact line and the outer edge of a stagnant region about the ribbon apex. These findings suggest that optimization of the deposition and evaporation process can be used to "write" fine metallic lines from a wider liquid precursor.


A video camera, recorder, and monitor were used to record and observe the motion of a dynamic torsion–effusion pendulum. The operator was free to tend to the conditions of the experiment; data from the pendulum were obtained subsequently from the video record. Results are presented from a test of the method with no effusion occurring.


The rapid development of professional degree graduates education has put forward higher requirements of its quality.The current thesis lays special stress on training program,teacher team and training bases combined with the conditions and orientation of running a university.In order to protect local university professional degree graduate training quality,it is necessary to master the different characteristics between the professional degree and academic degree graduate education,to reveal the discrimination of cultivation plan; to determine responsibilities of outside school teachers; to establish a combined mechanism between outside school teachers and intramural ones; to clear appropriate selection conditions,to adopt flexible construction mode,and strive to maintain stable operation.

Key words:
Professional degree;  Graduate education; Quality;  Countermeasure


The paper discusses the steps taken for the system migration from DOS based CDS/ISIS to Windows Server platform. A web based system has been developed using SQL Server 2005 as backend and asp.net 3.5 Microsoft Technology as front end. The unique feature of the developed system is compatibility with web and Desktop Publishing (DTP) which makes it more useful. A brief description and need for the system migration/ development are discussed.


Research on separation of Cu (II), Cd(II) and Cr(III) and chromium waste recovery have been conducted using the synthesis of Eugenyl oxyacetate carrier. Oxyacetate eugenyl carrier compound was synthesized from eugenol with the addition of NaOH and chloroacetic acid salt which formed salt then acidified with HCl. After that was purified using diethyl ether and NaHCO 3 . The synthesis results were analyzed by FTIR and gas chromatography. For the transport process, the bait phase was using a mixture of metal ions Cu(II), Cd(II), and Cr(III) 50 ppm respectively. The receiver phase was HCl at pH 1 to 6. Moreover, to determine the selectivity of compounds EOA, transport processes using a mass variation of eugenyl oxyacetate of 0.3 grams; 0.5 grams and 0.7 grams and blanks were conducted. The best pH and eugenyl oxyaacetate mass were used for the recovery of chromium metal from electroplating wastes in two ways which with and without reduction of chromium waste. The AAs was used to analyze the amount of transported metal. The test results showed that eugenil oxyacetate was successfully synthesized with 100% purity. The results of transport indicated that EOA had a high selectivity to Cr(III) with 95.17% percent which obtained at the recipient phase at pH 1 and eugenyl oxyacetate mass of 0.7 grams. Results of chromium waste recovery without reduction could transport as much as 5.42%, while the results of chromium recovery with reduction was able to transport waste chromium as much as 68.60%


In its definition, the term 'currency' defines an agreed-upon exchange item, the national currency being the legal entity used by the selected controlling entity. Throughout history, issuers have faced 1 common threat: counterfeit. In recent years fake money note has been printed that has resulted in significant losses and damage to society. Therefore, it becomes necessary to build a tool for earning money. This research project proposes a way to look at the note of counterfeit money distributed in our country through their image. After selecting an image use pre-processing. In pre-processing, the acquired image is cropped, smooth, and adjust. Change the image to grey-scale. After conversion use image separation. Features are extracted and reduce. Finally, compare the picture to be real or fake. Duplicate money has been a major problem in the market. There are currency counting machines available in banks and other trading venues to check financial authenticity. Most people do not have access to such programs which is why there is a need for fake money laundering software, which can be used by ordinary people. This proposed framework uses Image Processing to determine whether the money is real or counterfeit. The research project program is built entirely using Python's programming language. It has the methods such as grayscale conversion, edge detection, segmentation, etc.


Throughout this note R will denote a discrete valuation ring with unique prime ideal (p) ==Rp. Q will denote the quotient field of R and R* will denote the completion of R. For basic definitions related to R-modules see [1], [2], or [5]. By rank, we shall mean torsion-free rank. If M is an R-module and xEM, UM(x) will denote the Ulm sequence (ao, al, * , an, * * * ) where, for each n, a,, is the height of pnx. Two such sequences (ao, a,, * * ) and (3o, /31, * * * ) are said to be equivalent if there is an m and an n such that an+i =1m+i for all nonnegative integers i. If M has rank one, then UM(x) and UM(y) are equivalent whenever x and y are elements of M having zero order ideal. Consequently, if M has rank one, we associate with M an equivalence class U(M) of Ulm sequences. Mt will denote the torsion submodule of M. This note is devoted to establishing the following


Issues in development of public policy concerning telecommunications and advancement of information technology facing third world countries are examined, and the situations of two very different countries (Nigeria and Russia) are considered, focusing on the development of commercial media in each. The media environment in both countries is described, and although media became entrenched in Russian society earlier than in Nigerian, both countries subjected the media to government control and manipulation. Use of the media for public interest issues and ways in which communication policy conditioned planning efforts are explored, and problems specific to Nigeria are examined. Emphasis is on areas in which Russia's experience can benefit Nigeria. These include choice of telecommunications facilities, providing access in remote communities, provision of incentives to develop mass media, and generation of resources for media development. (Contains 177 references.) (MSE) ******************************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *******************************************************'*************************


Nigeria has witnessed a steady development in modern drama consciousness and practice. As Johnson (2001) accurately opines, this is self-evident in the plethora of published and unpublished dramatic works that presently adumbrate the literary, dramatic and theatrical landscape of the country, and also in the innumerable stage, radio, television and video productions of these and other play scripts and dramatic creations by professionals, academic and amateur groups.Apparently, of all the various academics who are among the practising and accomplished playwrights in Nigeria are the likes of Wole Soyinka, Ola Rotimi, Femi Osofisan and Zulu Sofola. However, while it is possible to proudly boast of an avalanche of extensive critical studies as enduring reactions to the canon of dramatic literature that has evolved from the more elderly and more popular practitioners like Soyinka and his contemporaries, mentioned above, virtually almost nothing is available on the generation of the younger playwrights like Yerima and Obafemi. Interestingly, the generation of the younger playwrights though, are less popular among the critics of dramatic literature home and abroad they are more famous as Marxist writers whose aesthetic standpoints evince the alienation between the haves and the have nots of the society. It is against this background that this paper explores the Marxist"s critical position in the assessment of the Nigerian theatrical topography that features this generation of playwrights represented by Obafemi. As Taine has identified, literature is the product of three interfusing factors of moment, race and milieu. To these factors, Marx and Engel were to add the "economic" factor which completes the continuum and literature has since then been viewed, along politics, religion, and philosophy as the superstructure of human activities. If we concern ourselves with the explanation of the economic factor, discovery is made that there is a new sense of awareness in Nigerian theatre. This awareness has resulted in what Gbilekaa tags the theatre of radical poetics which is what explains the dramatic topographies of most of the post-Civil War playwrights whose commitment is nothing but the exposition of the alienation tendencies that typifies the relationship between the bourgeois and the proletariat.


ABSTRACT In this paper, a new generalization of alpha-skew-normal distribution is considered. Some properties of this distribution, which is denoted by GASN(α, λ), including moments, maximum likelihood estimation of parameters, and some other properties are studied. Finally, using a real data set, we show that our new distribution is the best-fitted distribution for the used data among normal, skew normal, alpha-skew-normal, and skew-bimodal-normal distributions.


Lesions in oral mucosa have been reported many a times in Darier's disease but many of these reports have been without histologic examination of mucosal lesions. Our case with this disease showed papular lesions on oral mucosa which on histologic examination gave the picture of Fordyce's disease. Routine biopsy of oral lesions in Darier's disease is suggested to know the incidence of true mucosal lesions in the disease.


The signatures of several hypothetical fermions in the electron-plus-missing-transverse-energy channel at the CERN pp\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{} collider are studied. A new sequential lepton and a new lepton with V+A coupling to the W boson, i.e., a ``mirror'' fermion, are studied in detail for several values of the lepton mass. The backgrounds of W decay through e+\ensuremath{\nu}${\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}}_{e}$ and \ensuremath{\tau}+\ensuremath{\nu}${\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}}_{\ensuremath{\tau}}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}e\ensuremath{\nu}${\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}}_{e}$${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\tau}}$\ensuremath{\nu}${\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}}_{\ensuremath{\tau}}$ will dominate a sequential lepton; however, a mirror lepton will be distinguishable at forward angles and moderate ${p}_{T}$ for a lepton mass up to 50 GeV. The possibility of observing the supersymmetric decay of the W through W gaugino plus photino is also discussed. Subsequent W gaugino decay into photino + electron (or muon) + neutrino offers a signature differing only slightly from heavy-lepton decay due to the inherent mixing of V\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}A couplings as determined by detailed mass mixing in the theory. If microvertex electronics and/or triggering on hadronic decay modes of the \ensuremath{\tau} effects the isolation of the W\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\tau}${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\tau}}$ background (and by universality, the W\ensuremath{\rightarrow}e${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{e}$ background), then the single-electron signature discussed here can reveal the existence of any new fermion produced in W decay.


IN OCTOBER 2004 the Federal Coalition Government was re-elected with an increased majority and, from July 2005, control of the Senate. Between 1996 and 2004, while significant changes were implemented, most ?reform? proposals were blocked in the Senate. Now the government intends to implement these Bills and, in many cases, proposes further reforms. These initiatives come at a time when the health care system is experiencing profound pressures for change.1-3 This article discusses the proposed changes in employment law and the likely impact on the health care sector.


A new Cymbidium cultivar 'White Princess' was released by the National Horticultural Research Institute (NHRI) in 2005. A cross was made in 1995 between 'Cymbidium 2113', light purple colored petal and medium plant sized variety, and 'Lucky Rainbow Randevous', a dark purple petal with red lip and large type variety. The ninety progenies were obtained after planting and acclimatization in green house. In 2000, a line (9526747) was selected and multipliticed after test of its flower color, leaf shape, flower stalk, and vigorous growing habit. After evaluation trial for two growing seasons, the selected line was named as 'White Princess'. The 'White Princess' has white petals (WN 155A) with red lip (RP59D) color and large sized leaves, and flowers (leaf length is about 88 ㎝ and flower diameter is about 8 ㎝) with semi-erect flower stalks. Blooming started from December to January in optimal culture conditions. High temperature (more than 30℃) and low light intensity(less than 10,000Lux) should be avoided for the appropriate growth.


: There are no regency or city in East Java Province that have the developed and grew rapidly area category. Based on the analysis of such data, need for more attention to fiscal decentralization and inequality of education to see the success of economic development, not just look at the economic growth. The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of fiscal decentralization on education inequality among regency or city in East Java Province. Data analysis techniques used panel analysis method. The result showed that fiscal decentralization has negatively and significant effect on education inequality.


Objective To investigate the relationship between the concentration of NT-proBNP,NYHA classification,left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) and the value of NT-proBNP in the evaluation of cardiac function and the diagnosis of heart failure.Methods Two hundred heart failure patients and twenty-five non heart failure patients were selected.The concentration of NT-proBNP was determined by an automated electrocheniluminescence immunoassayan Roche Elecsys 2010.LVEF was measured by the modified Simpson's equation with echocardiography.The diagnosis of clinical physician was considered to be the golden standard for heart failure.Results The concentration of heart failure was significantly higher than controls;NT-proBNP showed positive correlation with NYHA classification(r=(0.992 0)),and negative correlation with LVEF.Conclusion NT-proBNP is a valuable biomarker for the evaluation of cardiac function and the diagnosis of heart failure.


The functional design of the smart electronic nose using polymer-film coated quartz resonator gas sensors, based on the solubility parameter of sensing membrane and gases, is carried out in order to develop the sensor with excellent selectivity and high sensitivity for harmful gases such as toluene, acetaldehyde and ammonia gases. The polymer-films such as propylene-butyl, poly-carbonate and acrylic-resin of which the solubility parameter almost coincide with that of toluene, acetaldehyde and ammonia gases, respectively, are chosen as a sensing membrane material coated on the quartz resonator. It is found that propylene-butyl-film coated quartz resonator gas senor exhibits a high sensitivity and an excellent selectivity for toluene and p-xylene gas, as it is expected from the functional design based on the solubility parameter. It is also found that poly-carbonate- film coated sensor and acrylic-resin-film coated sensor exhibit high sensitivity and excellent selectivity for acetaldehyde and ammonia, respectively, as it is also expected. The results strongly suggest that the solubility parameter is effective to functional design of the sensing membrane of quartz resonator gas sensors. The identification of gas kind is successfully possible by the principal component pattern recognition analysis of the transient response of the each sensor for gases.


Saturated liquid film boiling on a face-up horizontal surface is considered. Based on the stability loss condition for phase interface, an expression is obtained for the group which determines the heat transfer intensity. The final form of the expression is refined after correlation of experimental data. Two different mechanisms of bubble generation on the vapor film surface are analyzed which explain the character of the relation obtained


To solve the problem of equipment fault diagnosis, the paper proposes a fault diagnosis model based on Support Vector Machines (SVM) and studies the parameters that influence model accuracy. On the basis of analyzing model parameters influence, A new kind of evaluation function about algorithm accuracy and the Genetic algorithm of the global optimization parameters selection are presented. According to the sample training and examining, experiment results show this Support vector machine model based on the Genetic algorithm can not only fast obtain the global optimization parameters but also improve the fault diagnosis accuracy.


The utility model discloses a bamboo decorative core-board which comprises a core-board body (2), bamboo rotary cut veneers are respectively arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the block board body (2); and the thickness of each of the bamboo rotary cut veneers is 0.2-1.0mm. The bamboo decorative block board has low cost and attractive appearance and is decorative and wear resistant.


In this paper, a time-hopping pulse spacing modulation system with restricted amplitude levels is proposed. The proposed system uses several PN codes, and it transmits the information by the interval between the successive PN codes. The bit error rate performance and the synchronization performance of the proposed system on the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel are evaluated by theoretical analysis. As a result, there is the optimum preamble pattern for bringing the probability of block error that takes into account the synchronization performance close to the lower bound.


Ethanol and methanol extract white cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) were
able to inhibit the growth of E. coli and S. aureus bacteria. The fractionation of
the extract using water purposed that polar compounds will separate from
non-polar and semi-polar compounds. This study aim were to compared
antibacterial activity of water fraction derived from ethanol and methanol extract
of white cabbage.
White cabbage was macerated with 96% ethanol and methanol solvents,
then evaporated with rotary evaporator. Both extracts are partitioned using
n-hexane and water. The water fraction was freeze dried and tested its
antibacterial activity by broth dilution method at serial concentration 10; 20; 30;
40; 50 mg/ml and as a positive control used chloramphenicol sodium succinate
solution. The data obtained was Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) which
is the lowest concentration able to inhibit the growth of test bacteria shown with
clarity on broth media.
MIC values showed differences in antibacterial profile against E. coli and
S. aureus. The MIC value of the water fraction of methanol extract was 20 mg/mL
against E.coli and S. aureus bacteria, whereas the MIC value of the water fraction
of ethanol extract was 20 mg/mL against S. aureus and 30 mg/mL against E. coli.


ABSTRACT Magnesium(II), calcium(II), strontium(II) and barium(II) complexes of the type MLL′(H2O)2 (where HL=5-bromosalicylaldehyde and HL′=salicylaldehyde, 2-hydroxyacetophenone or 2-hydroxypropiophenone) have been synthesized by 1:1:1 molar reactions of metal chlorides with 5-bromosalicylaldehyde and hydroxyaromatic aldehydes or ketones. The resulting complexes have been characterized by elemental analyses, TLC, IR and 1H NMR spectra.


In this paper, we present an approach to the management of user interaction within an ontology-based system. In particular, we discuss the case of ARNEIS, an "intelligent" web-based repository of software solutions, that enables software houses to upload a description of their software solutions for business automation, and small-to-medium sized enterprises to find software products or services supporting their activities. To this purpose, as argued in the paper, a particularly meaningful field is Customer Relationship Management, that is thus exploited as a test bed domain. The functionality of ARNEIS is based on an ontological representation of the domain knowledge, which represents the shared conceptual vocabulary to express software descriptions and technological requirements. In this paper we describe our proposal for the management of a user-friendly interaction enabling software houses to upload the semantic representation of the description of their offers. The approach we propose within the ARNEIS scenario represents an example of a more general solution to face the issue of how to build formal representations of resources in an ontology-based IR system.


This work describes syntheses and electrochemical, spectroscopic, and bonding properties in a new series of dinuclear ruthenium(II) complexes bridged by polyaromatic (biphenyl, fluorene, phenanthrene, and pyrene) alkynyl ligands. Longitudinal expansion of the π-conjugated polyaromatic core of the bridging ligands caused a reduced potential difference between the anodic steps and reinforced their bridge-localized nature, as evidenced by UV/vis/near-IR and IR spectroelectrochemical data combined with DFT and TDDFT calculations. Importantly, the intricate multiple IR ν(C≡C) absorption bands for the singly oxidized states imply a thermal population of a range of conformers (rotamers) with distinct electronic character. This behavior was demonstrated with more accurate DFT calculations of selected nontruncated 1e– oxidized complexes in three different conformations. The combined experimental and theoretical data reveal that thermally populated rotamers featuring various mutual orientations of the ligated metal...


We are grateful for the 2 thoughtful letters concerning our recent article1 on the ECG features of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysfunction (ARVD). Because ECGs are widely available and inexpensive, it important for those interested in this field to fully explore the diagnostic and prognostic potential of 12-lead ECGs. There were 3 main issues raised in these letters.

The first concerned whether our control population was appropriate. As noted in our article, our study included 2 control populations. The first was a series of 27 patients who were evaluated in the ARVD clinic because of a first- or second-degree relative with ARVD. Each of these patients underwent a comprehensive evaluation to screen for ARVD, including an ECG, signal-averaged ECG, Holter, magnetic resonance imaging, and stress testing. The second control population was a series of 30 patients with a right bundle-branch block ECG pattern who did not have relatives with ARVD and were not being evaluated in our ARVD clinic. …


Vulnerability of coastal regions to extreme events motivates an operational coupled inland‐coastal modeling strategy focusing on the coastal transition zone (CTZ), an area between the coast and upland river. To tackle this challenge, we propose a top‐down framework for investigating the contribution of different processes to the hydrodynamics of CTZs with various geometrical shapes, different physical properties, and under several forcing conditions. We further propose a novel method, called tidal vanishing point (TVP), for delineating the extent of CTZs through the upland. We demonstrate the applicability of our framework over the United States East and Gulf coasts. We categorize CTZs in the region into three classes, namely, without estuary (direct river–coast connection), triangular‐, and trapezoidal‐shaped estuary. The results show that although semidiurnal tidal constituents are dominant in most cases, diurnal tidal constituents become more prevalent in the river segment as the discharge increases. Also, decreasing the bed roughness value promotes more significant changes in the results than increasing it by the same value. Additionally, the estuary promotes tidal energy attenuation and consequently decreases the reach of tidal signals through the upland. The proposed framework is generic and extensible to any coastal region.


The well-known Krasnoselskii twin fixed point theorem is used to investigate the existence of mild solutions for first- and second-order impulsive semilinear functional and neutral functional differential equations in Hilbert spaces.


since the tales had to be read by children, before people realised that they were meant for grown-ups; and since they had to be a sort of balance to, as well as a seal upon, some aspects of my "Imperialistic" output in the past, I worked the material in three or four overlaid tints and textures, which might or might not reveal themselves according to the shifting light of sex, youth, and experience. It was like working lacquer and mother o' pearl, a natural combination, into the same scheme as niello and grisaille, and trying not to let the joins show.2


By Describing the whole operation process of electronic detonator ignition system in project,study the stability of its performance in actual use and analyse safety issues during the blasting work process.Then suggestions and methods propose.And security technology has been analysed with using electronic detonators in the process of blasting operations,in order to come up with some opinions for the safety in the application of electronic detonator initiating method,which could provide the reference for the electronic detonator user in blasting engineering.


The hydrogen‐bonded structures of Ac‐Gly‐L‐Ala‐Gly‐NHMe have been studied by theoretical conformational analysis. The geometric parameters and energies of stable forms with various combinations of 3 → 1 and 4 → 1 type hydrogen bonds have been calculated. The stable conformations found can be used as canonical forms in the investigation of linear and cyclic peptide compounds with intramolecular hydrogen bonds.


To cite: Sells JR, Cole I, Dharmasukrit C, et al. BMJ Leader Published Online First: [please include Day Month Year]. doi:10.1136/ leader-2023-000811 VA Quality Scholars Program, San Francisco VA Health Care System, San Francisco, California, USA Rocky Mountain MIRECC, Aurora, Colorado, USA School of Nursing, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA Center for Nursing Excellence and Innovation, UCSF Health, San Francisco, California, USA VA Readjustment Counseling Service, District 3, St. Louis, Missouri, USA VA Quality Scholars Program, Iowa City VA Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa, USA Office of Integrated Veteran Care, VA Health Connect, Veterans Health Administration, Washington, DC, USA VA Quality Scholars Program, White River Junction VA Medical Center, White River Junction, Vermont, USA


Carbon fibre composites have shown to be able to perform extremely well in the case of a crash, and are being used to manufacture dedicated energy-absorbing components, both in the motor sport world and in the construction of aerospace structures. In case of impact, the kinetic energy of the vehicle should be dissipated in a very fast but stable, regular and controlled way so that passengers can survive. In metallic structures, this energy absorption is achieved by plastic deformation, while in composite structures it relies on the material diffuse fracture: i.e. on a completely different mechanism. Excellent performance of composites, sometimes better than those of the metallic similar structures, can be obtained by choosing appropriately the mechanical (the stacking sequence, the number of layers, the type and quantity of fibres and matrix) and geometrical (the beam section shape, the wall thickness, the extremity joints) design parameters [2].


Vanda Krefft's well-researched biography of film producer William Fox offers a detailed account of his impactful contribution to early cinema. Fox was one of the most significant silent film produc...


This paper explores the patterns of the representation of Adivasis or aboriginals – known as 'tribals' in common parlance – in Malayalam language films. Film as a medium of representation is continuously engaged in constructing images and thus the process becomes an ideological enterprise contributing to the relentless practice of defining and redefining the society and its various components in terms of several binaries. The film industry of Kerala, a southern state of India, is affluent and more influential than other art forms and production. Though the tribal population of Kerala is around 400 thousand and they belong to as many as 43 subgroups, they are underrepresented in films and that too is in a stereotypical manner.  These groups are considered to be largely distinct with each tribal group identifying themselves with their own mythologies, tales of origin, and distinctive religious and ritualistic practices. This paper critically analyses the politics of representation using the example of tribals in Malayalam films as it  has evolved over the past decades and attempts to trace a whole gamut of aesthetic and ethical issues at stake.


X-ray observations with the Einstein satellite of the dwarf companions of M101-NGC5204, NGC 5474, and NGC 5585-have led to the detection of NGC 5204, which has a (0.5-3.0 keV) luminosity of approx.4.2 x 10/sup 39/ ergs s/sup -1/. The ratio of the X-ray to the blue flux ( f/sub x// f/sub B/) for this galaxy is exceptionally high, comparable to the largest values found in X-ray observations of peculiar late-type galaxies. To investigate the possibility that this enhanced X-ray emission might be connected with enhanced star formation, and International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE) short-wavelength low-dispersion exposure of NGC 5204 was taken subsequent to the X-ray detection. This spectrum shows a rising continuum at the short wavelengths and a complex series of absorption features. In particular, shortward-shifted C IV and Si IV in absorption are noticeable. The UV emission is likely to be dominated by supergiants and can be explained as due mainly to O and B stars. The number of OB stars we derive from the IUE spectrum, while compatible with that needed to explain the X-ray emission in terms of binary X-ray sources, reveals the occurrence of a very recent burst of star formation.


Due to its temporal resolution in the millisecond range and other compelling properties such as noninvasiveness, portability and relatively low costs, electroencephalography (EEG) is the tool of choice for studying brain dynamics in humans. However, any neurophysiological interpretation of EEG data is hindered by the fact that the signals related to electrical activity in source brain regions are spread across the EEG sensors due to a process called volume conduction, the inversion of which is an ill-posed inverse problem. In the EEG-based analysis of directed information flow between brain regions, volume conduction poses a serious challenge, since multiple active sources have to be assumed, the contributions of which, however, mix into all EEG sensors. With this thesis we contribute to the field of EEG-based brain connectivity analysis. We start by conducting an extensive survey of relevant approaches and go on to assess their performance on simulated EEG data, which are realistically generated as mixtures of interacting sources. We observe that most of the tested methods are not able to determine the connectivity structure of the underlying sources because either i) the effect of volume conduction is neglected or ii) the assumptions made to estimate mixed sources do not comply with the requirements of source connectivity analysis or even with the physics of the EEG. The central contribution of this thesis is the development of source demixings that meet theoretical requirements for source connectivity analysis and are applicable in practice. We achieve this using two different strategies. In inverse source reconstruction, a given physical model of EEG generation is inverted under physiologically motivated constraints. We derive an inverse methodology, S-FLEX, which is able to recover multiple source of arbitrary shape and depth using a sparsity penalty that assures rotational invariance of the solution. Our method is applicable to entire time series as a preprocessing step to source connectivity analysis. Its favorable localization properties are empirically evaluated on real data as well as in simulations and are demonstrated to be the key to correct source connectivity determination. In the course of the thesis, we also present a blind source separation (BSS) technique, SCSA, which estimates the underlying brain sources and their mixing patterns jointly under assumptions on connectivity structure of the sources. We demonstrate that SCSA performs well on simulated data, if mild assumptions regarding the non-Gaussianity of the source variables hold. By way of an outlook, we present a hybrid approach that combines S-FLEX inverse source reconstruction with SCSA blind source separation and thereby fuses physical and dynamical assumptions on the sources. In the final part of the thesis, we analyze information transfer between sources of the human alpha rhythm during rest. Our analysis of S-FLEX source estimates yields a number of insights which could not have been obtained from mere sensor-space analysis. We observe that generators of alpha band activity are mostly symmetrically distributed on the cortex. However, the strength of the sources nor the corresponding interaction patterns are exclusively symmetric. These findings support the hypothesis of a consistent dominant laterality in the population.


Variability of larch morphological traits has been investigated in Stanovoe plateau. Two ecotypes certainly differentiated by quantitative traits of generative organs and some features of vegetative structure have been discovered. One ecotype is characterized by small size of generative organs, vertical cylinder crown, cracked texture of bark. It grows in mountain zone. Another ecotype is formed in flood-lands of rivers and depressions and it has bigger size of cones, branchy of crown and bark scaly. The altitudinal zoning is the mean factor which causes differentiation of these ecotypes and determines phytocenotic and climatic conditions of population vegetation.


Those international efforts included the introduction, from Île de France (Mauritius), of cowpox to the Dutch stronghold of Batavia ( Jakarta). Cowpox was first successfully imported into Batavia on the arms of children used as carriers of the precious vaccine, as "throughout the nineteenth century," arm-to-arm vaccination was the only method that ensured that the delicate cowpox virus would survive long enough to reach its destination (p. 50). From Batavia, the Dutch sent information on vaccination to their trading post near Nagasaki. They also repeatedly sent cowpox lymph by methods other than arm-to-arm vaccination. Each of these efforts was unsuccessful; the cowpox did not arrive in a viable state, and the vaccinations failed. Then, in the 1840s, Japanese physicians familiar with Chinese inoculation for smallpox, which used attenuated smallpox virus, speculated that since smallpox scabs preserved the efficacy of the material, perhaps the same was true for cowpox. They requested that the Dutch send cowpox scabs rather than lymph. The Dutch did so; the transmission was successful, and Japanese physicians immediately began doing everything they could to propagate cowpox through arm-to-arm vaccination. At this point, one wonders why the Japanese did not request that the annual ships from Batavia to Nagasaki bring cowpox using the arm-to-arm method? Or why the Dutch did not suggest this, especially as Jannetta describes in detail how cowpox was brought to Batavia by this method; how it was propagated on Java, thus making it available for export to Nagasaki; and how, once it finally reached Nagasaki, children were brought from other areas and through arm-to-arm vaccination "were returned to their home domains to establish new sources of the vaccine" (p. 134). It is surprising that this question is not raised within The Vaccinators even if it cannot be conclusively answered. On a positive note, Jannetta must be congratulated on certain aspects of this book that make it particularly user-friendly, such as the clear, appropriate, and well-explained maps, tables, illustrations, and appendices. Even though there are some questions I would like the author to have explored or expanded on, overall, Ann Jannetta's The Vaccinators is a solid addition to the body of literature on nineteenth-century Japan, on the history of medicine in Japan, and on the history of vaccination.


A rather simple macroscopic model, originally proposed by Dimenstein and Ng (1986), is examined by comparison with results of experimental work carried out in this laboratory recently. Several improvements are proposed relying either on new correlations or in better physical understanding obtained from the recent experiments. The model, despite its simplicity, is considered quite comprehensive and reliable (for the range of physical properties examined) providing good estimates of essentially all the significant time averaged characteristics of pulsing flow.