The concept of Arithmetic Story Grammar is introduced. Arithmetic Story Grammar maintains that any equation containing a single operand tells, in and of itself, a complete story with a setting, plot, theme, and resolution. Multiple-operand equations differ from their single-operand siblings only in the number, of actions undertaken and the number of themes. There are similarities between reading and mathematics that make extending the use of story grammar beyond the reading of graphemic text and into mathematical story problems and ideographic script. A conceptual model of single-operand equation is introduced that roots itself in literary analysis. Research' has found that familiarity with syntax and semantics facilitates comprehension and mathematical problem solving. Instruction in story grammar provides positive effects on the comprehension of stories. Only one study has been located regarding story grammar and mathematics. The study's results were inconclusive, but the approach seems promising for enhancing problem solving. A taxonomy of mathematical story genres is presented, based on the analysis of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division in single-operand stories and equations. (Contains 1 table, 4 figures, and 65 references.) (SLD) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** U.S. EPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office Educational Research and Improvement EDU TIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY 1/46-1/ 671) TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) Arithmetic Story Grammar: Using Literary Devices to Analyze and Categorize Story Problems


Significance The deregulation of miRNA function is critical in the pathogenesis of cancer and other diseases. miRNAs and other noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) tightly regulate gene expression, often in the cell nucleus. Heretofore, there has been no understanding that there exists a general shuttling mechanism that brings miRNAs, in addition to therapeutic oligonucleotides and siRNAs, from the cytoplasm into the nucleus. We have identified this shuttling mechanism, which occurs in response to cell stress. Nuclear imported miRNAs are functional, can potentially alter gene expression, and participate in cell stress response mechanisms. This shuttling mechanism can be augmented to target specific RNAs, including miRNA sponges, and long ncRNAs like Malat-1, which have been implicated in promoting tumor metastasis. Although some information is available for specific subsets of miRNAs and several factors have been shown to bind oligonucleotides (ONs), no general transport mechanism for these molecules has been identified to date. In this work, we demonstrate that the nuclear transport of ONs, siRNAs, and miRNAs responds to cellular stress. Furthermore, we have identified a stress-induced response complex (SIRC), which includes Ago-1 and Ago-2 in addition to the transcription and splicing regulators YB1, CTCF, FUS, Smad1, Smad3, and Smad4. The SIRC transports endogenous miRNAs, siRNAs, and ONs to the nucleus. We show that cellular stress can significantly increase ON- or siRNA-directed splicing switch events and endogenous miRNA targeting of nuclear RNAs.


In his influential essay Defensa de la Hispanidad (1934), Ramiro de Maeztu vindicated the Spanish colonization of America and argued that the resulting shared culture of the Spanish-speaking nations should be the basis for political collaboration. Despite the common assumption that Maeztu developed these ideas in 1928-30, when he was Spanish ambassador to Argentina, his journalistic output shows that many of them were developed by 1911-12, when he was working as a foreign correspondent in the United Kingdom. This points to the importance of Edwardian London in the genesis of Maeztu's pan-Hispanism. On the one hand, it allowed him to befriend Latin American intellectuals such as the collaborators of the journal Hispania ; on the other, it exposed him to British debates about their own Empire. The «Hispanidad» thus appears as part of a larger revision of the history of European colonization and the future of old colonial projects.


Abstract Background: Medical school evaluations typically rely on both language-based narrative descriptions and psychometrically converted numeric scores to convey performance to the grading committee. We evaluated inter-rater reliability and correlation of numeric versus narrative evaluations for students on their Neurology Clerkship. Design/Methods: 50 Neurology Clerkship in-training evaluation reports completed by their residents and faculty members at the University of Rochester School of Medicine were dissected into narrative and numeric components. 5 Clerkship grading committee members retrospectively gave new narrative scores (NNS) while blinded to original numeric scores (ONS). We calculated intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) and their associated confidence intervals for the ONS and the NNS. In addition, we calculated the correlation between ONS and NNS. Results: The ICC was greater for the NNS (ICC = .88 (95% CI = .70–.94)) than the ONS (ICC = .62 (95% CI = .40–.77)) Pearson correlation coefficient showed that the ONS and NNS were highly correlated (r = .81). Conclusions: Narrative evaluations converted by a small group of experienced graders are at least as reliable as numeric scoring by individual evaluators. We could allow evaluators to focus their efforts on creating richer narrative of greater value to trainees.


The mathematical structure associated with the split algorithms for computing the reflection coefficients for a given real symmetric positive-definite Toeplitz matrix is analyzed. A novel form of three-term recurrence relation is derived and computationally efficient alternatives to the Levinson-Durbin, Schur, and lattice algorithms are obtained. The computational complexity of the proposed algorithms is the same as those of the split algorithms described in recent literature. These algorithms provide further insight into the mathematical properties of the structurally rich Toeplitz matrices.<<ETX>>


The growth and caloric value of Pisum sativum seedlings were studied under different aluminum treatments by applying different concentration of AlCl3 cuture solutions(0,2,4,6 mmol/L).When the concentration of Al3+ was more than 2 mmol/L,not only the root length,stem height,leaf number of P.sativum individuals,but also water contents of different plant organs were decreased.With the increasing concentration of Al3+,the biomass,caloric values of different plant organs and leaf chlorophyll content were decreased,reflecting the photosynthetic inhibition of plant growth.When the concentration of Al3+ was 6 mmol/L,the biomass of root,stem and leaf were decreased by 22.92 %,22.18 % and 56.89 %,respectively,in which leaf had the largest decrease;The caloric values of root,stem and leaf were decreased by 21.87%,6.58% and 3.49%,respectively,which showing plant root system was most sensitive to Al treatment within different plant organs.


Proton therapy is a cancer treatment technique currently in growth since it offers advantages with respect to conventional X-ray and $\gamma $ -ray radiotherapy. In particular, better control of the dose deposition allowing to reach higher conformity in the treatments causing less secondary effects. However, in order to take full advantage of its potential, improvements in treatment planning and dose verification are required. A new prototype of proton computed tomography scanner is proposed to design more accurate and precise treatment plans for proton therapy. Our prototype is formed by double-sided silicon strip detectors and scintillators of LaBr3(Ce) with high energy resolution and fast response. Here, the results obtained from an experiment performed using a 100-MeV proton beam are presented. Proton radiographs of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) samples of 50-mm thickness with spatial patterns in aluminum were taken. Their properties were studied, including reproduction of the dimensions, spatial resolution, and sensitivity to different materials. Structures of up to 2 mm are well resolved and the sensitivity of the system was enough to distinguish the thicknesses of 10 mm of aluminum or PMMA. The spatial resolution of the images was 0.3 line pairs per mm (MTF-10%). This constitutes the first step to validate the device as a proton radiography scanner.


One of the faba bean viruses found in West Asia and North Africa was identified as broad bean mottle virus (BBMV) by host reactions, particle morphology and size, serology, and granular, often vesiculated cytoplasmic inclusions. Detailed research on four isolates, one each from Morocco, Tunisia, Sudan and Syria, provided new information on the virus.
The isolates, though indistinguishable in ELISA or gel-diffusion tests, differed slightly in host range and symptoms. Twenty-one species (12 legumes and 9 non-legumes) out of 27 tested were systemically infected, and 14 of these by all four isolates. Infection in several species was symptomless, but major legumes such as chickpea, lentil and especially pea, suffered severely from infection. All 23 genotypes of faba bean, 2 of chickpea, 4 of lentil, 11 out of 21 of Phaseolus bean, and 16 out of 17 of pea were systemically sensitive to the virus. Twelve plant species were found to be new potential hosts and cucumber a new local-lesion test plant of the virus.
BBMV particles occurred in faba bean plants in very high concentrations and seed transmission in this species (1.37%) was confirmed.
An isolate from Syria was purified and two antisera were produced, one of which was used in ELISA to detect BBMV in faba bean field samples. Two hundred and three out of the 789 samples with symptoms suggestive of virus infection collected in 1985, 1986 and 1987, were found infected with BBMV: 4 out of 70 (4/70) tested samples from Egypt, 0/44 from Lebanon, 1/15 from Morocco, 46/254 from Sudan, 72/269 from Syria and 80/137 from Tunisia. This is the first report on its occurrence in Egypt, Syria and Tunisia. The virus is a potential threat to crop improvement in the region.


: It is of great significance to study the ancient Silk Road to analyze and identify the types and components of glass products. In this paper, support vector machine (SVM) method is used to study the statistical rule and internal relation between different chemical components of ancient glass products and how to classify ancient glass products. Firstly, the high-potassium glass and lead-barium glass were further divided into subclasses, and then the K-means cluster analysis was carried out. After many fitting repeats, the optimal number of classes was obtained as 5, and the chemical composition characteristics of the classified types were quantitatively analyzed and their ranges were divided. Finally, the five glass types were named as PbO- BaO-SiO 2 , PbO (~)- BaO-SiO 2 , K 2 O-SiO 2 - Al 2 O 3 , PbO-BaO (~)- SiO 2 - CuO and K 2 O-SiO 2 (~).Then the classification criteria of each category are given on the basis of K-means clustering, and then combined with the support vector machine model, the unknown categories of glass artifacts are classified by machine learning, and finally the final results are obtained by fitting the five ancient glass artifact subcategories based on multiple chemical compositions. And the result probability is predicted from the 5 subclasses, and the maximum probability is taken as the final predicted category.


Iodine solution is the only contrast medium currently used in the computed tomography scan (CT scan) examination. In the present study manganese chloride (MnCl2) solution has been chosen as alternative contrast medium in computed tomography scanning (CT scan). It was found that using MnCl2 solution as an alternative contrast medium in rabbits which enhanced the CT scan imaging in the resolution and increasing the Hounsfield unit (HU) values of heart and kidney organs in comparison with the iodine compound at the same doses. It was chosen the heart and kidney of rabbits to study the effect of using the iodine and MnCl2 solution as alternative contrast medium in CT scan imaging, the following results: the native has 45 HU for heart and 50.1 for kidney organ. While the results of using iodine solution at dose of 3 ml has 83 HU for heart and 164 HU for kidney organ. In the MnCl2 solution which used as alternative of contrast medium has 83 HU for heart and 70.3 HU for kidney at 2.5 ml of 0.5 molar of solution. From these results the resolution of CT scan image has well and clears when using the alternative contrast medium (MnCl2). We can concluded that the alternative contrast medium of MnCl2 solution has good HU values of both heart and kidney comparison with iodine solution.


A case of mediastinal seminoma presenting with hemoptysis and superior vena cava obstruction is reported. In the literature, only 1 case of mediastinal seminoma presenting with hemoptysis is reported. The relevant literature is reviewed.


Interferon c (IFN c ) is often considered to be an antifibrotic cytokine because it inhibits collagen synthesis in fibroblasts. Here we report the effects of recombinant human IFN c on sulphated glycosaminoglycan chains produced by normal skin fibroblasts from adult donors. IFN c (250 i.u. (cid:125) ml) induced an increase in incorporation of d -[1- (cid:36) H]glucosamine into glycosaminoglycans, either secreted into the culture medium or associated with the cell layer. The structures of these molecules were analysed by using various cleavage agents (heparinases I and II, heparitinase (cid:125) chondroitinases ABC and AC (cid:125) periodate oxidation)followed bysize-exclusion andanion-exchangeHPLC.


Review of the edited volume: Devan Pillay, Gilbert M. Khadiagala, Prishani Naidoo and Roger Southall (eds), New South African Review 4: A Fragile Democracy – Twenty Years On , Johannesburg: Wits University Press, 2014, ISBN 9781868147632, 380 pp.


The PAMELA experiment is carried out on board of satellite the Resurs DK1 since 2006 for precision study of cosmic ray antiparticles. The instrument is equipped with magnetic spectrometer, silicon- ...


The invention provides a stabilizing agent used for nonaqueous electrolytic solution, and the stabilizing agent is composed of phosphite ester compound and amine compound. The invention also provides the nonaqueous electrolytic solution containing the stabilizing agent. The nonaqueous electrolytic solution contains 85-90 percent (weight) of organic solvent, 8-14 percent (weight) of lithium salt and 0.1-5 percent (weight) of the stabilizing agent. In the stabilizing agent of the invention, the phosphite ester compound can be oxidized preferentially to play a role of protecting other effective components in the nonaqueous electrolytic solution; and the amine compound can catch active protons in the nonaqueous electrolytic solution and can restrain the decomposition of LiPF6 and reduce the HF content of electrolytic solution. The phosphite ester compound and the amine compound are matched for use to prevent the acidity of the nonaqueous electrolytic solution from being overhigh and prevent the nonaqueous electrolytic solution from being oxidized to change the color so as to well stabilize the nonaqueous electrolytic solution, thereby the nonaqueous electrolytic solution containing the stabilizing agent can keep stable for a long time.


Hypertension affects approximately 26% of the adult population worldwide and is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, stroke and renal failure. In Kenya, hypertension accounts for approximately 64% of stroke cases. However, information regarding its prevalence, awareness status and associated risk factors among patients seeking healthcare from hospitals in Kenya is unknown. Yala sub county hospital is one of the largest sub-county rural hospitals in Siaya County. In the past four years it had experienced increased number of patients diagnosed with high blood pressure (BP). But due to frequent breakages of BP monitoring machines and fewer medical staff at the outpatient department could make the reported data on hypertension not to be relied upon. This might lead to the true prevalence rate of the problem being underestimated. Moreover, lack of awareness regarding the disease status increases incidence of complications and mortality. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence, awareness and determinants of hypertension among adult patients attending Yala sub-county hospital, in Gem sub-county, Kenya. This was a hospital based cross-sectional study conducted on 393(144 males and 249 females) randomly sampled patients aged 18 years and above between February and March 2015. Study participants were considered to be hypertensive when they presented with a systolic blood pressure (BP) of 140mmHg and above and/or a diastolic BP of 90mmHg and above. Individuals who reported being on regular anti-hypertensive therapy were also grouped together with the cases. Data on demographics, social economic, exposure history to various potential risk factors for hypertension and awareness was collected using a pre-tested Questionnaire. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with hypertension. The prevalence of hypertension in the study participants was at 36.9% (145/393) (male 38.9%, 56/144, females 35.7%, 89/249; p = 0.533). Out of all the hypertensive cases 85(58.6%) were found to be aware of their status and out of the 85 cases 75(88.1%) were on medication but only 21 of them (28.4%) had controlled blood pressure (systolic blood pressure 30 years OR= 12.0 (2.7 - 52.3), body mass index (overweight, OR= 2.98 (1.85 - 4.79) and Obesity, OR= 4.23 (2.15 to 8.30), current tobacco smoking OR= 2.63 (1.32 - 5.23), high waist circumference, OR= 2.39 (1.57 - 3.64). Increasing education level was however associated with decreased likelihood of suffering hypertension. These findings suggest that in the Gem community hypertension is most prevalent among adults aged 30 years and above and the risk factors are the same as those that have been reported in other population (body mass index, obesity, high waist circumference, tobacco smoking and low education levels). Approximately half of the hypertensive cases were aware of their status and the available hypertension medications did not fully control the high pressure in all the cases. Therefore, there is need to have community screening programs, instituting awareness raising programmes through health promotion to target individuals at risk and interventions aiming at reducing the associated factors identified in this study.


An {\em ordered $r$-graph} is an $r$-uniform hypergraph whose vertex set is linearly ordered; it is $r$-{\em interval-partite} if there are $r$ consecutive intervals such that each edge has one point in each interval. The basic observation of Erdős and Kleitman that every $r$-graph contains an $r$-partite subgraph with at least a constant (depending on $r$) proportion of edges cannot be extended to the setting of $r$-interval-partite subgraphs in ordered hypergraphs. However, we prove that one can obtain a relatively dense subgraph that has the following similar structure. An ordered $r$-graph is a {\em split} hypergraph if there exist $r-1$ consecutive intervals in the ordering with one of them specified, such that every edge has two vertices in the specified interval and one vertex in every other interval.
Our main result is a ``splitting theorem'' that for each $\alpha > \lfloor r/2 \rfloor$, every $n$-vertex ordered $r$-graph with $d \,n^{\alpha}$ edges has for some $m\leq n$ an $m$-vertex split subgraph with $\Omega(d\, m^{\alpha})$ edges. The restriction $\alpha > \lfloor r/2 \rfloor$ is sharp. The splitting theorem has interesting applications to several extremal problems for ordered hypergraphs.


Objective To observe the efficacy and safety of epinastine combined with compound glycyrrhizin capsule for treating chronic urticaria.Methods One handred and forty-six patients were divided into 2 groups randomly.74 patients in treatment group took epinastine for oral administration 10 mg once a day and compound glycyrrhizin capsule 150 mg once and thrice daily;72 patients in control group took Epinastine 10 mg once a day,and two groups were all treated continuously for 4 weeks.The efficacy was judged by the level of itching and the lesion area.Results The effective rates were 94.59% in the treatment group,69.44% in the control group.Treatment group was significantly better than that of the control groups (P 0.05).Conclusion The epinastine combined with compound glycyrrhizin capsule in the treatment on chronic urticaria is more effective than the epinastine and safe.


Redshift surveys of the extragalactic IRAS sources have revealed a class of galaxies, ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs), that radiate an enormous amount of energy in the far-infrared (Soifer et al. 1986), typically LIR ≥ 10 12 L ⊙ , which is comparable to the luminosities of quasars. The energy source for most ULIRGs is believed to be massive nuclear starbursts triggered by galaxy interactions or mergers (Rigopoulou et al. 1996, Crawford et al. 1996). There is much debate about the evolution of ULIRGs. Sanders et al. (1988) suggested that ULIRGs are forming QSOs. However, it is not clear how merging galaxies evolve to QSOs. Meanwhile, observations and N-body simulations show that mergers between disk galaxies can form ellipticals. Some ULIRGs, such as Arp 220 and NGC 6240, do have elliptical characteristics. What is the evolutionary connection between QSOs and elliptical galaxies? About 10% of ULIRGs are IR QSOs or Seyfert 1 galaxies, on the basis of their optical spectra and appearance. Some of them are hosted in ellipticals (Hutchings et al. 1988, Lipari et al. 1994). Also, most of them are strong Fen emitters. Studying this subsample of ULIRGs in detail may give some clues to understanding the evolutionary process mentioned above.


Culture and creativity offer new perspectives for urban communication and decision making in municipal local governments. This paper presents a preliminary state of play in the mind map of commoning and commons transition in the city of Košice. It is discussing the commons philosophy with the specific focus on urban commons, cultural commons and digital commons. The examples of L'Asilo and Naples are brought as case studies to visualize the recent applications of commons on municipal level. The case of Košice is described from the position of a researcher and a project manager, implying the convoking method that suggest the formulation of research questions together with the field representatives and stakeholders. Common pool resources, therefore, the goods that are commonly taken care of, and generating for everybody, have natural (material) and immaterial forms. The digitalization and growth in technology enable the immaterial commons to become a serious intellectual challenge in understanding their potential impact and use. The demands for democratising policies call for inclusive negotiations with all involved stakeholders. Applying the perspective of commons and co-creation on digital and innovation hubs in culturally affluent city of Košice helps us understand the chain of demands for economic and political development in the regional growth in terms of employment, infrastructure and finance. However, applying the commons methodology and convoking dialogue has pointed to some serious misrepresentation of social sphere and citizens' perspective in cultural planning, that took creative business from market level only. Sustaining the urban commons in Košice means also giving the re-generative power to culture, allowing the initial philosophy of the European Capital of Culture follow its central theme of postindustrial regeneration and enable different kinds of relationship to reign in the cultural sphere. The planning of the strategy for culture in the following period should, therefore, enable the participants to raise their voice and formulate the vision together. The implementation would also need to reconsider the managerial approach in local municipality, to be able to take the voices of the participants actively and listen to the advice before taking serious decisions.


Summary Hearing loss involves both genetic and environmental factors. A mutation (A1555G) in the mtDNA has been associated with aminoglycoside-induced and nonsyndromic sensorineural deafness. The pathological significance of this mutation in Caucasoid families has not been established, and its relationship with antibiotic treatment is not well understood. We studied 70 Spanish families with sensorineural deafness (36 congenital and 34 late onset) for the mtDNA A1555G mutation. The A1555G mutation was found in 19 families with maternally transmitted deafness but not in the other 51 families or in 200 control subjects. In 12 families all the patients with the A1555G mutation who received aminoglycosides became deaf, representing 30.3% of the deaf patients in these families. None of the deaf patients from seven other families received aminoglycosides. Overall, only 17.7% of the patients with deafness and the A1555G mutation had been treated with aminoglycosides. The age at onset of deafness was lower (median age 5 years, range 1–52 years) in those treated with aminoglycosides than in those who did not receive antibiotics (median age 20 years, range 1–65 years) ( P


In one-spatial dimension, the Maxwell equations governing the propagation of light can sometimes be phrased as a Sturm-Liouville problem. From Sturm-Liouville theory we know that such problems have real eigenvalues and eigenfunctions that are orthogonal and complete. In case one subjects the Maxwell equations to absorbing boundary conditions, the problem no longer fits Sturm-Liouville theory. In certain cases, however, the equations have complex eigenvalues with eigenfunctions "orthogonal" in a (non-positive definite) bilinear form. In the literature such eigenfunctions are known as quasi-normal modes. In this project we try to expand solutions to the Maxwell equations using these quasi-normal modes. More specifically, we try to address the problem of expanding field-responses of bounded scatters measured by a distant source and receiver.


AbstractThis study describes the algorithm for deriving near-real-time outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) from Cross-Track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) hyperspectral infrared sounder radiance measurements. The estimation of OLR on a near-real-time basis provides a unique perspective for studying the variability of Earth's current atmospheric radiation budget. CrIS-derived OLR values are estimated as a weighted linear combination of CrIS-adjusted "pseudochannel" radiances. The algorithm uses the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) as the transfer instrument, and a least squares regression algorithm is applied to generate two sets of regression coefficients. The first set of regression coefficients is derived from collocated Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) OLR on Aqua and pseudochannel radiances calculated from AIRS radiances. The second set of coefficients is derived to adjust the CrIS pseudochannel radiance to account for the differences in pseudochannel radiances between AIRS and CrIS. The...


In this brief, the path following control problem of underactuated hovercrafts subject to nonlinear time-varying uncertainties and a safety limit constraint (SLC) is addressed. A novel homogenous nonlinear extended state observer (NESO)-based safe motion controller for a path following control scenario of underactuated hovercrafts is proposed. First, a NESO is constructed to estimate and compensate the nonlinear time-varying uncertainties for the underactuated hovercraft. Then, a NESO-based backstepping sliding mode control (BSMC) law with a turning SLC is proposed to achieve the yaw control for underactuated hovercrafts, which improves both safety and maneuverability of the underactuated hovercraft during the path following control scenario. The nonlinear time-varying turning SLC is first directly taken into the control system design, which is achieved by introducing an auxiliary dynamic system to limit the virtual input control during the backstepping design process. A NESO-based backstepping surge control law is also designed to achieve the surge control for underactuated hovercrafts. Furthermore, all error signals of the proposed closed-loop control system are proven to be bounded. Finally, an application case is tested on an underactuated hovercraft to illustrate the effectiveness and superiority of the designed control scheme.


Extract: A constant infusion of 14C-cortisol and 3H-cortisone for 4 hr was given to six pregnant women, at term, at the time of elective cesarean section. Radioactive and nonradioactive cortisol (F) and cortisone (E) concentrations were determined in maternal and cord plasma at the time when the concentration of the radioactive steroids had reached a plateau. Metabolic clearance rates (MCR), plasma levels of endogenous F and E, blood production rates (BP), conversion ratios (Cr), and transfer constants ([ρ]BB values) were calculated and compared with those obtained in eight nonpregnant women, half of whom took contraceptive medication (subjects taking "the pill") and half of whom did not (control subjects).The MCR (F) of women near term, control subjects, and women receiving contraceptive treatment were (mean ± sd) 133 ± 47, 141 ± 37, and 62 ± 24 liters/24 hr, respectively. The latter was significantly lower than the other two. The MCR (E) were similar in all three groups of subjects and 4–7 times greater than MCR (F).The ratio of the endogenous F/E for control subjects was significantly lower (4.8 ± 0.6) than that for women on the pill (9.0 ± 1.6) or for pregnant women (7.5 ± 1.7). In contrast to their mothers, the neonates had an F/E ratio of 0.85 ± 0.34 with a mother/cord ratio for F of 4.9 ± 2.5 and for E of 0.50 ± 0.15.In eight fetuses of 3–6 months of gestational age, plasma concentrations of F (2.1 ± 1.2 μUg/100 ml) and E (4.7 ± 3.3 μUg/100 ml) were lower than those of six neonates (6.3 ± 2.9 for F and 7.2 ± 1.2 μUg/100 ml for E).For control subjects, the CrF→E was significantly higher and the CrE→F significantly lower than these ratios for pregnant women and for women on contraceptive medication. From the values of BP (F) for each subject and the corresponding transfer constant [ρ]BBF→E it was estimated that all the BP (E) for the subjects studied arose from BP (F), which suggested that, within the limits of error of the methods used, there was no E secretion.Speculation: From previous studies in sheep, it was demonstrated that cortisol crossed the placenta from the mother to the fetus but that the fetus near term was also able to secrete cortisol. In this study of pregnant women we were able to calculate the maternal contribution to the fetal cortisol and cortisone concentration and to show that the fetus secretes three-fourths of its cortisol but that its cortisone was mainly maternal in origin. We were also able to show that cortisol and cortisone concentrations, similar to those at term, existed in utero as early as the 3rd month. We therefore speculate that the human fetal adrenal is capable of corticosteroid secretion early in pregnancy.


Introduction As the increasing of requirement for automobile quality [1], the transmission rattle noise becomes more and more important for NVH performance. Generally, two factors is significant to the transmission rattle [2]: the external excitation caused by the input speed and torque from the engine, and the internal incentive factors caused by the time-varying stiffness, damping, gear side clearance and mesh error. This paper is trying to analyze the influencing factors for automotive transmission, and summarize the ways for rattle reduction.


On the basis of 5491 specimens from 61 habitats in all parts of Poland, the author infers that the present accepted division of the three-spined stickleback into trachura, homozygote living in salt waters and coastal waters, and leiura, homozygote living in fresh continental waters, with semiarmata separated off as the hybrid of both adaptive types living in the borderline between both homozygotes, has not found confirmation in the analysed ma- terial. Members of trachura in Poland have their habitats in the whole area of this species. The semiarmata and leiura types appear in small numbers either together with, or independently of, the members of trachura, and are confined to the coastal waters of the Baltic Sea east of the mouth of the Vistula


The invention belongs to the field of clinical medical examination and particularly relates to an up-converting phosphor (UCP) test paper strip for PCT/CRP (procalcitonin/c reactive protein) joint detection. The test paper strip comprises a test paper strip bottom lining as well as a sample pad, a UCP biomarker antibody-coated polyester film, a coated film and water absorption paper which are lapped and pasted in sequence on the test paper strip bottom lining, wherein a rabbit antimouse IgG (immunoglobulin g) antibody-coated control line is arranged on the coated film; two detection lines parallel to the control line are also arranged on the coated film to cover an antibody capable of being specifically combined with a to-be-detected antigen PCT and an antibody specifically combined with a to-be-detected antigen CRP respectively; two UCP biomarker antibodies are the UCP-marked antibody capable of being specifically combined with the to-be-detected antigen PCT and the antibody specifically combined with the to-be-detected antigen CRP respectively. The test paper strip can be used for detecting the PCT/the CRP at the same time, and improving the accuracy rate of inflammatory reaction diagnosis, and is simple and convenient to operate.


BACKGROUND
Studies pertaining to association of GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes with risk of T2DM and its complications were often inconclusive, thus spurring the present study.

METHODS
Meta-analysis of 25 studies for evaluating the role of GSTM1/GSTT1 null polymorphisms in determining the risk for T2DM and 17 studies for evaluating the role of GSTM1/GSTT1 null polymorphisms in development of T2DM related complications were conducted.

RESULTS
Our study revealed an association between GSTM1 and GSTT1 null polymorphism with T2DM (GSTM1; OR=1.37;95% CI =1.10-1.70 and GSTT1; OR=1.29;95% CI =1.04-1.61) with an amplified risk of 2.02 fold for combined GSTM1-GSTT1 null genotypes. Furthermore, the GSTT1 null (OR=1.56;95%CI=1.38-1.77) and combined GSTM1-GSTT1 null genotypes (OR=1.91;95%CI=1.25- 2.94) increased the risk for development of T2DM related complications, but not the GSTM1 null genotype. Stratified analyses based on ethnicity revealed GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes increase the risk for T2DM in both Caucasians and Asians, with Asians showing much higher risk of T2DM complications than Caucasians for the same.

DISCUSSION
GSTM1, GSTT1 and combined GSTM1-GSTT1 null polymorphism may be associated with increased risk for T2DM; while GSTT1 and combined GSTM1-GSTT1 null polymorphism may increase the risk of subsequent development of T2DM complications with Asian population carrying an amplified risk for the polymorphism.

CONCLUSION
Thus GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes increases the risk for Type 2 diabetes mellitus alone, in combination or with regards to ethnicity.


The aim of the paper is to describe the process of constructing and validating a new scale (called ERA) assessing relations to others. The ERA scale is designed to be all at once time-saving (only 16 items) and widely informative (covering 4 major domains of relations to others: Openness to others - relational distance - personal and relational insight - pleasure through and within the relationship), and can be administered to clinical and non clinical populations. The ERA scale has a good internal coherence, a good external validity, an excellent discriminant validity and a good test-retest reliability. The study of sensitivity to change is still in progress.


In the free space optical communication system with optical phased array antenna, the performance of acquisition tracking pointing subsystem is affected by the two conflicting performance of optical beam steering precision and optical beam steering range. The novel cascaded optical phased array antenna integrates a programmable phased wedge and an usual optical phased array together. For the novel cascaded optical phased array, it has the function of a phased wedge and an optical phased array with only one liquid crystal device. With theoretical analysis and experiment studying on this novel cascaded optical phased array, the results show that the novel cascaded optical phased array antenna has a good steering precision with the same optical beam steering range of usual optical phased array.


Objective:To analyze correlation between clinical factors and pregnancy rate after intrauterine insemination(IUI) treatment among infertile women.Methods: Analysis was made on 711 cycles in 512 couples who underwent IUI treatment in our hospital from October 2000 to May 2005.The relationship between pregnancy rate and following factors were analyzed:pattern and thickness of endometrium,time of IUI,density and motility of sperm after washing.Results:Pregnancy rate after IUI was related to factors like thickness of endometrium,time of IUI,density and motivity of sperm after washing(P0.05,P0.05).Conclusion:Pregnancy rate after IUI was related to thickness and pattern of endometrium,time of IUI,density and motility of sperm after washing.


The pittings of five carbon steels have been studied by using anodic polarization test and microscope observation. The results show that pitting susceptibilities are related to the types and shapes of inclusions which are the sites of pitting initiation. The pitting initiating at inclusion needs a potential which is defined as pitting potential and the pitting potential is determined by the type and shape of inclusion. The influence of oxygen content in steel on pitting potential is also discussed.


In this thesis, optimal control of bilinear quantum systems is studied. A framework is developed which results in optimal controls with simple time-frequency structure. This is achieved by the use of cost functionals that promote sparsity in frequency direction and smoothness in time. Existence of minimizers and necessary optimality conditions of the resulting nonsmooth and nonconvex optimization problem are analyzed. Efficient numerical solution methods, in particular for the treatment of the quantum system, are studied. The framework is applied to a problem from molecular control.


Abstract Emerging studies show that beyond a phenotype of overt primary aldosteronism, there exists a prevalent phenotype of renin-independent aldosterone production among patients with low-renin hypertension (LRH). Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA) therapy to induce an increase in renin is associated with favorable outcomes in primary aldosteronism. Whether a similar approach is beneficial for all patients with low-renin hypertension is not known. We evaluated whether treatment of patients with LRH with MRAs to increase renin is associated with a decrease in blood pressure and/or proteinuria. We have conducted a prospective observational cohort study of consecutive patients from the practice of co-author A.T. between 2005 and 2021. Patients were included if they had hypertension with suppressed (< 1.0 ng/ml/h) plasma renin activity (PRA) and detectable aldosterone levels but favored empiric medical therapy over further diagnostic testing. All patients were subsequently treated with an MRA. MRA was started at 25-50 mg daily of spironolactone (women) or eplerenone (men) and the dose was gradually increased in 25-50 mg increments to target a PRA ≥ 1.0 ng/ml/h or the maximal tolerated dose. Blood pressure, albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR), and other patient characteristics at baseline vs. after unsuppressed renin was achieved were compared using a paired-samples t-test. The mean age of 31 study patients who achieved unsuppressed PRA was 67.9 (SD 11.9) and 14 (45.2%) were women. The mean baseline aldosterone was 14.9 ng/dL (SD 9.4); 13 (41.9%) patients had baseline aldosterone < 10.0 ng/dL. Most (21/31; 67.7%) patients had baseline PRA below the assay detection limit. The mean baseline potassium was 4.2 (SD 0.46); one (3.2%) patient had baseline hypokalemia (K < 3.5 mEql/dL). The mean final PRA was 4.78 (SD 5.64) ng/ml/h. The median (IQR) MRA dose required to achieve unsuppressed PRA was 75 (50 to 200) mg. The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased from 144.9 (SD 14.9) and 79.2 mm Hg (SD 15.0) at baseline to 124.7 (SD 11.1) and 71.5 mm Hg (SD 10.8), respectively, after achievement of unsuppressed PRA (P < 0.001 for both). The mean number of anti-hypertensive medications decreased from 3.4 (SD 1.3) at baseline to 2.5 (SD 1.5) after achievement of unsuppressed PRA (P < 0.001). Among the six (19.4%) patients who had proteinuria, the mean ACR decreased from 179.0 (SD 102.1) at baseline to 36.1 (SD 49.2) mg/g after achievement of unsuppressed PRA (P = 0.007). Three (9.7%) and seven (22.6%) patients had to have their MRA dose decreased due to symptomatic hypotension and hyperkalemia, respectively. These findings suggest that suppressed renin may be sufficient to identify patients who could benefit from MR blockade. Treatment of patients with suppressed renin with sufficient MRA dose to achieve its unsuppression could lower both elevated blood pressure and proteinuria. Presentation: Sunday, June 12, 2022 12:30 p.m. - 2:30 p.m.


This paper presents a novel, advanced research approach to investigate organizational safety culture as a complex phenomenon, combining agent modeling and organizational ethnography. Safety culture is an emergent property of organizations that largely influences the resilience of organizational responses in crisis situations. However, theory describing the precise ways in which safety culture influences resilience is lacking. Thus the first step is to understand how safety culture gradually emerges from interactions between formal and informal organizational processes. The paper explains the proposed research methodology illustrated by a case of an aircraft maintenance organization. A preliminary analysis is performed from which a conceptual model is derived, and the subsequent simulation and automated analytical techniques that will be used to validate the model and gain new insights are explained.


Antiseptic treatments of fishing cotton yarns with the Cu-naphthenate and other metallic salts of naphthenic acid were carried on by two bath method : firstly treated with 1, 5, 10, 20, or 50% soln. of naphthenic acid in 0.5-1% ammonia and then dipped in 5% soln. of metallic salts, such as Cu, Hg, Zn, Al salts. Effectivness of these treatments are shown in Fig. 1-4 and Table 1. and summarized as follows : Hg and Cu-naphthenates are most effective, and practically 10-20% solns. of naphthenic acid in the 1% ammonia were applied to the yarn, and nextly fixed in the 5% metallic salt soln. Application of Cu-naphthenate, accompanied by Cu2O, is more effective than the simple treatment with Cu-naphthenate.


A method of feedback control has been proposed as a means of suppressing thermo-acoustic instabilities in a liquid- fueled combustor of a type used in an aircraft engine. The basic principle of the method is one of (1) sensing combustor pressure oscillations associated with instabilities and (2) modulating the rate of flow of fuel to the combustor with a control phase that is chosen adaptively so that the pressure oscillations caused by the modulation oppose the sensed pressure oscillations. The need for this method arises because of the planned introduction of advanced, lean-burning aircraft gas turbine engines, which promise to operate with higher efficiencies and to emit smaller quantities of nitrogen oxides, relative to those of present aircraft engines. Unfortunately, the advanced engines are more susceptible to thermoacoustic instabilities. These instabilities are hard to control because they include large dead-time phase shifts, wide-band noise characterized by amplitudes that are large relative to those of the instabilities, exponential growth of the instabilities, random net phase walks, and amplitude fluctuations. In this method (see figure), the output of a combustion-pressure sensor would be wide-band-pass filtered and then further processed to generate a control signal that would be applied to a fast-actuation valve to modulate the flow of fuel. Initially, the controller would rapidly take large phase steps in order to home in, within a fraction of a second, to a favorable phase region within which the instability would be reduced. Then the controller would restrict itself to operate within this phase region and would further restrict itself to operate within a region of stability, as long as the power in the instability signal was decreasing. In the phase-shifting scheme of this method, the phase of the control vector would be made to continuously bounce back and forth from one boundary of an effective stability region to the other. Computationally, this scheme would be implemented by the adaptive sliding phaser averaged control (ASPAC) algorithm, which requires very little detailed knowledge of the combustor dynamics. In the ASPAC algorithm, the power of the instability signal would be calculated from the wide-bandpass- filtered combustion-pressure signal and averaged over a period of time (typically of the order of a few hundredths of a second) corresponding to the controller updating cycle [not to be confused with the controller sampling cycle, which would be much shorter (typically of the order of 10(exp -4) second)].


A jet cooling system is designed for micro Wankel engines in laboratory environment. The heat transfer on the wall of engine is simulated with FLUENT, from the simulation results we can see that the cooling effect of jet cooling system is good, it can meet the needs of wall temperature. This paper is helpful for the cooling of micro engines in laboratory environment.


Superconducting parametrons in the single-photon Kerr regime, also called KPOs, have been attracting increasing attention in terms of their applications to quantum annealing and universal quantum computation. It is of practical importance to obtain information of superconducting parametrons operating under an oscillating pump field. Spectroscopy can provide information of a superconducting parametron under examination, such as energy level structure, and also useful information for calibration of the pump field. We theoretically study the reflection spectroscopy of superconducting parametrons, and develop a method to obtain the reflection coefficient. We present formulae of the reflection coefficient, the nominal external and the internal decay rates, and examine the obtained spectra. It is shown that the difference of the populations of energy levels manifests itself as a dip or peak in the amplitude of the reflection coefficient, and one can directly extract the coupling strength between the energy levels by measuring the nominal decay rates when the pump field is sufficiently large.


PURPOSE: A repeater device in a wireless communication system and a method thereof including a convolution decoder are provided to calculate the signal by adding the signal in a real domain from the other side of the transmitter. CONSTITUTION: A repeater device in a wireless communication system and a method thereof including a convolution decoder includes modulators(201, 211), coders(203, 213), and a transmission unit. The modulator modulates the carrier signal according to the modulation sequence. The coder encodes the modulation symbol offered as a convolution code from a modulator. The transmission unit transmits the signal offered from the coder to the repeater station.


reform: "voluntary agreements amounted to almost 58 percent of the total" (p. 141). Again, the clergy benefited from the operation, but much less than from the enclosures. Commutation was an advance in state bureaucracy—expensive, but accurate and efficient. It involved "one of the great redistributions in English property . . . complete within 15 years." Another advance, much greater still, was to come after the First World War. The collapse of cereal prices around i890 had much reduced the value of corn rents, and when the final exoneration was decided in 1936 it was "at a very low rate." It is obvious from Dr. Evans' excellent work that the tithe problem is much more than a chapter of agricultural history (the title is deceptive from that point of view). What is mostly rewarding in this book is its constant attention to the social and political implications of a surprisingly lively biblical tax. A comparative study would be welcome.


Clostridium butyricum has been widely used as a probiotic for humans and food animals. However, the mechanisms of beneficial effects of C. butyricum on the host remain poorly understood, largely due to the lack of high‐throughput genome engineering tools. Here, we report the exploitation of heterologous Type II CRISPR‐Cas9 system and endogenous Type I‐B CRISPR‐Cas system in probiotic C. butyricum for seamless genome engineering. Although successful genome editing was achieved in C. butyricum when CRISPR‐Cas9 system was employed, the expression of toxic cas9 gene result in really poor transformation, spurring us to develop an easy‐applicable and high‐efficient genome editing tool. Therefore, the endogenous Type I‐B CRISPR‐Cas machinery located on the megaplasmid of C. butyricum was co‐opted for genome editing. In vivo plasmid interference assays identified that ACA and TAA were functional protospacer adjacent motif sequences needed for site‐specific CRISPR attacking. Using the customized endogenous CRISPR‐Cas system, we successfully deleted spo0A and aldh genes in C. butyricum, yielding an efficiency of up to 100%. Moreover, the conjugation efficiency of endogenous CRISPR‐Cas system was dramatically enhanced due to the precluding expression of cas9. Altogether, the two approaches developed herein remarkably expand the existing genetic toolbox available for investigation of C. butyricum.


This work is a review about the most important considerations on determination of trace elements in meat products. The general recommendations to avoid the contamination during the analysis, the different aspects of sampling programme, the problems of the homogeneization, the advantages and disadvantages of some methods of destruction of organic matter and the most common analytical thechiques used in analysis of trace elements in meat products have been studied.


This report gives the results of a numerical simulation of the reactor's neutron power changes process, which are caused by fixed changes of reactivity. We make a comparison of the reactor power changes when changes of reactivity were the same but in the active core different types of fuel were replaced. The cases of standard UO/sub 2/ fuel using mixed (Th,U)O/sub 2/ fuel was examined.


The coke of whole hearth radius BF is got by sampling machine of tuyere coke.The change of alkali metal content of coke in the different position of radial hearth and different particle size are analyzed.The results are that the alkali metal content is higher as coke particle size from small to large in the same position of radial hearth and also as position from BF wall to center in the same tuyere coke particle size.The alkali content of hearth coke and coke charge through optical organization method are analyzed.The results show that the resisting coke solution and loss capacity of isotropy coke charge is higher than anisotropy and the isotropy tuyere coke ratio of Qianan No.1 BF has no relation with alkali metal content.


Rotor-stator devices have long been used in the compressor and turbine, in particular for exhaust-gas turbocharger. So far, the stator housing are cast, machined post-processed and then provided with an abradable coating that is up to the formation of a minimum gap in the direction to the rotor removed. Such manufacture is relatively complex and thus expensive. The object of the present invention is to provide an equivalent rotor-stator device, which can be manufactured at lower cost. The object is achieved with respect to the to be created rotor-stator device according to the invention characterized in that the stator is at least partially consists of a formed workpiece. Forming processes are much less expensive than machining processes. Lower production accuracy can be easily compensated by the abradable coating that is worn away in use to an exact Minimalspaltmas.


In this paper, we propose a novel face recognition based player identification in soccer videos in order to circumvent the drawbacks of low face recognition performance due to the inhibitory environment of soccer videos and limited solution space of current methods. It has the following characteristics (system design requirements): 1) It enhances the face recognition performance by means of ULBP which is robust face representation method on illumination variance; 2) Even in an inhibitory environment against face identification in soccer videos, it ensures a reliable and accurate face identification performance via SRC that has been already proven as an excellent robust methodology for a face recognition; 3) It extends the solution space of player identification with the frontal, quasi-frontal, and profile face image of medium shots including close-up shots; 4) With the intrinsic incremental learning capability of SRC, it can actively adapt itself to the change of soccer player database. The experimental results with Spain games of South African World Cup in 2010 illustrate the efficiency of the proposed method.


Atmospheric aerosol particles have been sampled since 1985 at the Brazilian Antarctic station, Comandante Ferraz (62°05' S, 58°23 5'W) Stacked niter units were used to collect particles with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 10μm. The elemental concentration was measured by particle-induced X-ray emission, yielding data for 23 elements: Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, K, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn Sc, Br Kb, SrZr and Pb. The detection limit was typically near 5 ng m −3 for elements with atomic number (z) less than 20, and Oingm for 21 < z <.30. Principal-factor and cluster analyses identified four sources for the Antarctic aerosol: fine and coarse sea salt, soil dust and sulphates. The fine-mode non-sea-salt sulphate concentration showed a clear seasonal pattern accompanying the biological cycle of algae, with minimum during winter. Some elements, such as Ni and Pb, showed very high enriched concentrations relative to the bulk sea-water composition. This indicates the existence of sources of regional or long-range transported pollution.


AbstractThere are multiple sources of uncertainties in urban water-distribution systems, e.g., nodal water demand and sensor measurement error. All of these uncertainties increase the complexity of contaminant source identification in a sparse sensor network. The large number of attributes (e.g., contaminant source location, magnitude, injection starting time, and duration) of a contaminant event profile cannot be identified given limited sensor data. Instead, the uncertainties in the contaminant event profile need to be characterized. Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods for Bayesian analyses allow for the characterization of the uncertainty in the contamination event profile. To account for stochastic water demands, which has been shown in some circumstances to be necessary if the contaminant event is to be properly characterized, the evaluation of the likelihood function is the most computationally expensive part of the MCMC implementation. Previous work applied Monte Carlo methods for error propaga...


that enzymes have been the subject of considerable careful investigation during the past fifteen years and that their nucleoproteid nature which he has just " discovered " is now in fact being given up by the men who are most prominent in the chemistry of the enzymes. Only a few months ago Pekelharing prepared a pepsin which contained no phosphorus; this pepsin still contained a minute trace of iron, as shown by qualitative tests, but it was too small to be determined quantitatively and Pekelharing paid no further attention to it. There is no reason for supposing that Pekelharing could not purify this pepsin still further and thus get rid of the last traces of iron, as he has already removed the last traces of phosphorus, should there be any sufficient object in his doing so. Since the only experimental evidence cited by the author is thus meaningless there is scarcely any point in following him in a review of this kind through other subjects, such as synthesis of living matter, growth, cell division, reproduction, muscle contraction, the activity of the sense organs, and the chemical processes of the central nervous system. The discussions seem all like the products of a wandering mind whose scientific bearings have been completely lost. It seems surprising that a firm like that of Gustav Fischer at Jena could have been induced to publish a work of this kind. 0. F.


High energy conversion efficiency and environmental protection provide wide range of future applications for the fuel cell technologies in alternative power generation. The fuel cell stack outputs a relatively low DC voltage that is strongly dependent on load, therefore a voltage conditioning unit is needed, which converts output voltage depending on consumers' requirements. To ensure the startup power for the fuel cell system some kind of energy accumulation element must be included. The simulation of the PEM (proton exchange membrane) fuel cell system with DC boost converter for 48 V accumulator is presented in the paper. This system solution can be the first step in conversion of electrical power flow of the energy independent fuel cell system for the industrial consumers. Built in PSpice software the proposed simulation model closely follows the actual 1.2 kW fuel cell system dynamic behavior tested experimentally.


Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) plays a significant role in the current characterization and diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) in radiological imaging. However, early detection of MS lesions from MRI still remains a challenging problem. In the present work, an information theoretic approach to cluster the voxels in MS lesions for automatic segmentation of lesions of various sizes in multi-contrast (T1, T2, PD-weighted) MR images, is applied. For accurate detection of MS lesions of various sizes, the skull-stripped brain data are rescaled and histogram manipulated prior to mapping the multi-contrast data to pseudo-color images. For automated segmentation of multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions in multi-contrast MRI, the improved jump method (IJM) clustering method has been enhanced via edge suppression for improved segmentation of white matter (WM), gray matter (GM), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and MS lesions if present. From this preliminary clustering, a pseudo-color to grayscale conversion is designed to equalize the intensities of the normal brain tissues, leaving the MS lesions as outliers. Binary discrete and 8-bit fuzzy labels are then assigned to segment the MS lesions throughout the full brain. For validation of the proposed method, three brains, with mild, moderate and severe hyperintense MS lesions labeled as ground truth, were selected. The MS lesions of mild, moderate and severe categories were detected with a sensitivity of 80%, and 96%, and 94%, and with the corresponding Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) of 0.5175, 0.8739, and 0.8266 respectively. The MS lesions can also be clearly visualized in a transparent pseudo-color computer rendered 3D brain.


Exploration and experimentation are important aspects of the visual design process. In this paper, we leverage the familiarity and physical mobility of using traditional tools (e.g., paper, marker) to create a novel and engaging creativity supporting system that enables the rapid creation of different visual designs. LightCast is a tangible user interface that utilizes a projector, interactive table, and camera to preserve the nuances of physical action and the strengths of the digital medium. Author


=468761 (last visited 20 Aug. 2005). Ettredge, M. and Greenberg, R. (1990), 'Determinants of Fee Cutting on Initial Audit Engagements', 28 J. Accounting Res. 198. FASB (2004), Statement No. 123(r), Share-Based Payment (16 Dec.). Francis, J. and Ke, B. (2003), 'Disclosure of Fees Paid to Auditors and the Market Valuation of Earnings Surprises', available at http://www.ssrn.com/ abstract=487463 (last visited 20 Aug. 2005).=487463 (last visited 20 Aug. 2005). Frank, R. and Solomon, D. (2003), 'Deloitte Touche Cancels Plans to Split Off its Consulting Arm', 31 Mar., at C10. Frankel, R.M., Johnson, M.F. and Nelson, K.K. (2002a), 'The Relation Between Auditors' Fees for Non-Audit Services and Earnings Quality', MIT Sloan Working Paper No. 4330-02. —— (2002b), 'The Relation between Auditors' Fees for Non-audit Services and Earnings Management', 77 Accounting Rev. 71. GAO (1996), The Accounting Profession Major Issues: Progress and Concerns,


The present invention discloses a vesicular phospholipid gel paclitaxel injection preparation method. The phospholipid vesicles prepared from the gel injection a specific weight of paclitaxel, dimyristoyl phosphatidyl ethanolamine, made stigmasterol, and trehalose. Vesicular phospholipid gel injection of the present invention have good formulation stability after long-term storage, the gel phospholipids vesicles to maintain a good encapsulation efficiency; the present invention improves the quality of the product formulation, the drug improved biological availability, reducing the side effects, and simple manufacturing method suitable for industrial production.


In the current web advertising activities, the fraud increases the number of risks for online marketing, advertising industry and ebusiness. The click-fraud is considered one of the most critical issues in online advertising. On-line advertisement has become one of the most important funding models to support Internet sites. Given that large sums of money are involved in on-line advertisement; malicious parties are unfortunately attempting to gain an unfair advantage. Even if the online advertisers make permanent efforts to improve the traffic filtering techniques, they are still looking for the best protection methods to detect click-frauds. Click-Fraud occurs by intentional clicking of online advertisements with no actual interest in the advertised product or service. Click Fraud is an important threat to advertisement world that affects the revenue and trust of the advertisers also. Click-fraud attacks are one instance of such malicious behavior, where software imitates a human clicking on an advertisement link. Hence, an effective fraud detection algorithm is essential for online advertising businesses. The purpose of our paper is to identify the precision of one of the modern machine learning algorithms in order to detect the click fraud in online environment. In this paper, we have studied click patterns over a dataset that handles millions of clicks over few days. The main goal was to assess the journey of a user's click across their portfolio and flag IP addresses who produce lots of clicks, but never end up in installing apps. We have focused on the issue while using various single and ensemble-typed classification algorithms for the fraud detection task. As our single classifiers, we employed the Support Vector Machine, kNN algorithms. We have also employed decision tree-based ensemble classifiers, which have been used in data mining. These algorithms are Random Forest and Gradient Tree Boosting.


From the 15th to the 18th centuries, the antonines try to adapt to the new conditions of piety they are faced with lots of difficulties : the end of the hospitaller vocation, geographi-cal scattering of the order, the abbey autho-rity is questioned, the cycle of enrichment comes to anend, maladjustement. In order to solve their problems, they try to reform : according to the jesuit and triden-tine models at first, later under salesian influence, evntually according to the model of the 18th century "ordre savant". To no avail. The drying up of the thaumaturgig polgrimage and anticle-ricalism of the franch "siecle des lumieres" bring about the disappea-rance of the antonines in 1775-78.


The behaviour of lead and copper(II) ion-selective electrodes (Denki Kagaku Keiki Co., Japan) at very low activity levels was examined in metal buffer solutions. In the absence of complexing agents, the Nernstian responses were obtained down to 10−6 mol dm−3 (μ=0.1) Pb2+ in the pH range from 4 to 7, and down to 10−7 mol dm−3 (μ=0.1) Cu2+ in the pH range from 4 to 6. The complexing agents which form stable complexes with Pb or Cu(II) were very effective in lowering the detection limits. The stability constants of the Pb and Cu(II) complexes with several ligands[CH3COO−, 1,10-phenanthroline(Phen), glycine(Hgly), iminodiacetic acid(H2ida), nitrilotriacetic acid(H3nta), etc.] were determined by measuring the activities of the free Pb or Cu(II) ion in metal buffer solutions. However, in spite of the high stability of the Pb– or Cu(II)–edta complex, the lower limit of the electrode response was abnormally high and the stability constant of Pb– or Cu(II)–edta complex could not be obtained. Some reasons for the a...


The Aerospace domain is one of the several domains addressed by the COIN Project. This paper reports the work done in the adoption of innovative Production Planning and Knowledge Interoperability Utility and Value-Added Services in the end-user business processes. With knowledge interoperability it is here intended to exploit at best, by using semantics-based technologies, the knowledge of enterprises cooperating in a cluster, leveraging on their complementarities, and avoiding unnecessary overlapping. With Production Planning it is here addressed the enhancement of collaboration among cluster partners in the creation of production plans and complementary activities. The work is applied to a test case in the aerospace technological district located in the Lazio region of Italy. The test case has been extensively documented with a particular focus on the description of scenario challenges and on the expected benefits coming from the adoption of COIN services. Results and business benefits are presented. A specific section is devoted to the presentation of the innovative services in which their functionalities are outlined.


In this study, the dynamics of VCB (Vacuum Circuit Breaker) has been analyzed using the Recurdyn that is widely used on multibody dynamics analysis. The VCB consists of three main circuits with the VI (Vacuum Interrupter) and the main frame with the operating mechanism. This analytic model is validated by comparing the simulation results and the experimental results. To improve the operating characteristics, Taguchi design method is applied to optimize the design parameters of a VCB. In addition, the improvement of the operating characteristics is evaluated by the dynamic model of VCB.


In recent years it has become apparent that colocalization of multiple messengers within secretory vesicles may be a common phenomenon in neurotransmission. While the innervation of the electric organ of a variety of marine species has been extensively studied as a model for cholinergic neurotransmission, the presence of enkephalin-like peptides has also been reported in this tissue.' This therefore represents a model in which interactions between cholinergic and peptidergic systems might be investigated. By using a combination of reversed-phase HPLC and specific radioimmunoassays for Met'and Leu5-enkephalin (ME, LE), the presence of these peptides was demonstrated in the electric organ of Narcine braziliensis. A synaptosomal preparation from this tissue, known to be rich in acetylcholine and ATP, was also shown to contain both of these enkephalins with a ME:LE ratio of approximately 12:l (FIG. 1). This is in contrast to previous reports where only LE was detected in Torpedo,' but does agree with reports of ME as the predominant form in the central nervous system of other species of fish? Cell bodies of the neurons which innervate the electric organ are located in a pair of distinct nuclei (electromotor nuclei) on the dorsal surface of the brain stem. These nuclei were also shown to contain ME immunoreactive material (ME-IR), which coeluted with authentic ME on reversed-phase HPLC. The presence of precursor forms or "cryptic" ME-IR in this tissue was revealed by sequential digestion with trypsin and carboxypeptidase B. Investigation of a number of other brain areas revealed the widespread presence of ME-IR in both fully processed and precursor forms (TABLE 1). As with the synaptosomal preparation from the electric organ, a high ME:LE ratio was found in some of these brain areas (e.g., olfactory bulb and lower brain stem). These data clearly indicate that the enkephalins, particularly ME, are widely employed neurotransmitters in the central nervous system of this species. The high ME:LE ratio seen in the electric organ and in several brain areas raises an interesting question as to the molecular origin of these enkephalins. Further studies of the precursor forms may indicate whether ME and LE are derived from common or distinct precursor proteins in this species. The presence of ME-IR in both the electromotor nuclei and a synaptosomal preparation from the electric organ suggests that this neuropeptide may be colocalized in this classically cholinergic system. Although the cellular and subcellular localization of the enkephalins in the electric organ still requires definitive characterization, this system potentially represents an excellent


Turkish Migration, Identity and Integration. Edited by Ibrahim Sirkeci, Betul Dilara Seker, Ali Caglar, London: Transnational Press London (ISBN: 978-1-91078112-8).As it is indicated in the introduction, through this book, the volume offers an useful handbook for those who are interested in issues related to Turkish migration in Europe. Given the fact that the migration is a complex and multidimensional phenomenon, to comprehend it, requires a multidimensional and multidisciplinary approach, as this essay-collection book has. Chapters in the book may be grouped under some main categories, analyzes Turkish migration to Europe and its relative issues as like identity strategies and patterns of integration, with different methodological approchaes and therotical perspectives. While some field researches are conducted with quantitative methods and by using secondary material, some others are qualitative field researches which are conducted through grounded theory or life experience method and they are mainly based on face-to-face knowledge of individuals.However, in this review, these chapters will be analyzed in main categories like cultural and religious aspects of Turkish migration, integration and non integration of immigrants in the host country, migration and gender, migration policy and use of public services among immigrants, etc.First of all, it can be argued that, most of the essays, before giving a detailed information about the method and the results of the field resarch, provide many important concepts about Turkish migration's historical background in Europe. This historical approach is particularly underlined in the Chapter 13 where it is investigated Turkish immigrant's entrepreneurial and residential patterns in Bremen. Especially for those who adopt a relational approach to understand the migration phenomenon, given its complexity, to incorporate an historical context into its explanation helps the readers to contextualize the Turkish migration impacts within a multidimensional framework.Understanding gender may be crucial in the migration context and this book contains three essays which underline the migrant women experiences in different contexts. The phenomenon of language shift and maintenance among women in France and it's impacts on integration process is analyzed in Baskin's Chapter (7). The peculiarity of this research is to reinforce, with many different case studies, the research hypothesis, which can be summarized as follows: in some cultures, such as Turkish, women are considered as bearers of tradition and culture specifically through their choice of language. Taking account of the French immigration policy which requires immigrants to abandon, as much as possible, their language and traditional backgrounds for that of France we can comprehend the contradictory effort of Turkish migrant women to preserve the culture and make possible to integration in the host society. While, in the Chapter 8, Flametner analyzes Austrian-Turkish women's dealing with experiences of racism and demonstrate us, contrary to widely held assumptions, how women being active individuals when they are subject to racist attitudes. Although it differs from the previous chapter (8) in the sense of method, Atkin's research on men/women representation in Turkish emigration cinema underlines the same intellectual preoccupation about the depiction of women migrants as passive individuals and no less than a victim.What happens when someone leaves his home definitely? Is it possible, through strong assimilation policies, to abandon the roots? Maybe reaffirm or discover them? Are there some constant conditions for a succesful adaptation to the host society? These are the main questions, related to migration, identity and integration issues, that many essay seeks to answer. As Akdemir argues, what happens to Kurdish Alevis in United Kingdom can answer one of the above-written question since, according to researcher, Alevi Community discovers and/or reinforces their religious and political identity by leaving their homeland, in the host country where the experience of immigration is actualized. …


Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) produced by Clostridium botulinum can block the release of neurotransmitter, resulting in muscular paralysis. As the most deadly poison, they also have therapeutic functions against some neuromuscular disorders. Both the toxicity and therapeutic effects of BoNTs highly depend on their endopeptidase activity, which resides exclusively in their light chain (LC) part. The objective of this study was to investigate the stability and endopeptidase activity of BoNT type A (BoNT/A) LC (LCA). Previous study showed that Hn‐33, a 33 kDa protein secreted together with BoNTs, can protect BoNT/A from some proteases and enhance the endopeptidase activity of BoNT/A and E. Attempts were also made in this study to analyze if Hn‐33 exerts similar protection on LCA. Cleavage of LCA by proteases was carried out at 25oC and pH 7.8. The reaction was terminated by adding protease inhibitors at 0, 30, 60, and 90 min. The proteolytic profiles were monitored using SDS‐PAGE. The endopeptidase activity of LCA before and after exposure to proteases was determined using fluorescent spectroscopy. The results show that LCA is considerably cleaved right after trypsin was added, though the endopeptidase activity of LCA largely retained. Extended exposure of LCA to trypsin resulted in further cleavage and decrease of endopeptidase activity. Hn‐33 did not show protection on LCA against proteases.


AbstractPolycrystalline materials are visualized in this paper as a statistical ensemble of microelements whose crystallographic axes are randomly, but not uniform randomly, oriented in the material system. Based on this concept the influence of internal dislocations and grain boundaries on the elastic response of such metals is discussed. The latter influence is taken into consideration by combining the grain boundary coincidence cell models of Bollmann with the relaxation technique of Weins in the case of symmetric tilt boundaries. The micromechanics theory of Axelrad and Provan is also briefly discussed to indicate where these quantitative metallurgical studies are of importance in the further development of this theory. Resume Dans cette etude, les materiaux poly cristallins sont consideres comme un ensemble statistique de micro-elements dont les axes cristallographiques sont orientes au hasard, mais non uniformement, dans le materiau. A partir de ce concept, les auteurs discutent de l'influence de di...


Many problems in computation and data analysis can be framed by graphs and solved with graph algorithms. A graph, which is defined as a set of vertices connected by edges, as shown on the left in Figure 1, adapts well to presenting data and relationships. Graphs take two forms: a directed graph has edges with orientation as shown in Figure 1, and an undirected graph has edges with no orientation. Graph algorithms perform operations on graphs to yield desired information. In general, graphs can also be represented as full standard and sparse matrices as shown in Figure 1 [1, 2]. The graph G (V, E) with vertices V and edges E can be represented with the sparse matrix A where the matrix element A ij represents the edge between the vertex i and vertex j. In this example, A ij is set to 1 when there is an edge from vertex i to vertex j. If there is no edge between vertices i and j, then A ij would be zero and thus would have no entry in the sparse matrix. In this example, the sparse matrix has reduced the required data points representing the graph from 16 to 7. Increasingly, commercial and government applications are making use of graph algorithms [3]. These applications address a wide variety of tasks—finding the shortest or fastest routes on maps, routing robots, analyzing DNA, corporate scheduling, transaction processing , and analyzing social networks—as well as network optimizations for communication, transportation, water supply, electricity, and traffic. Some of the graph algorithm applications involve analyzing very large databases. These large databases could contain consumer purchasing patterns, financial transactions , social networking patterns, financial market infor-Graph algorithms are increasingly used in applications that exploit large databases. However, conventional processor architectures are hard-pressed to handle the throughput and memory requirements of graph computation. Lincoln Laboratory's graph-processor architecture represents a fundamental rethinking of architectures. It utilizes innovations that include high-bandwidth three-dimensional (3D) communication links, a sparse matrix-based graph instruction set, accelerator-based architecture, a systolic sorter, randomized communications, a cacheless memory system, and 3D packaging.


gle, renunciation of possessions and of cares, humility, love, and all of it within the overarching eschatological perspective of the desert monks. This portion of the book is superb; and the chapter on "the humble way of Christ" is particularly outstanding. The handling of the texts is sensitive and insightful, providing one of those rare occasions when a scholarly study can also nourish the reader's own spiritual life.


Abstract The approximate tidal theory on an equatorial beta plane has been widely applied to tropical atmospheric dynamics. There are many successful examples of such applications. However, the mathematical and physical origin of the recently discovered continuous spectrum associated with meridional eigenfunctions of negative equivalent depth is yet to be given, and the completeness of the meridional eigenfunctions in the approximate tidal theory remains to be proved. In this note, a proof of the completeness of the meridional eigenfunction is presented. The differential equation is first transformed into an equivalent integral equation that relates the solution of the differential equation to the corresponding Green's function. It is then shown that the Green's function corresponding to the meridional eigenvalue–eigenfunction problem is linear, self-adjoint, completely continuous, and square integrable over the meridional infinite domain under the principle of analytic continuation. Therefore, the eigenf...


Firstly the necessity of water erosion modeling on hillslopes is discussed.Then existing water erosion models are generally divided into two types,formalization logic computational models and dialectical logic computational models(according to the way of solving problems)where the former can be further divided into four types——primarily empirically based,partially conceptually and partially empirically based,partially process based and partially empirically based,as well as theoretically based as weak points of the previous classification methods are concerned.Finally characteristics of each type and their relationships are illustrated by examples.


Investigation of critical points in the band structure of some ferroelectric materials of the perovskite type has been carried out by the electroreflectance method (ER). Conducting samples of BaTi${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$, KTa${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$, and KTa${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$-KNb${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ mixtures have been studied. The light was reflected at the interface between the samples and an electrolyte, where high electric fields could be achieved. Very large changes in the reflectivity have been measured upon application of the field. The observed behavior corresponds to shifts of the critical-point energies and splitting of the degenerate levels associated with the transition-metal-oxygen octahedra. The effect is interpreted in terms of a large lattice polarization induced by the external field. The dependence of the ER on sample orientation and light polarization has also been studied. Crystal-field symmetry considerations have allowed tentative assignments of the ER singularities to critical points in the band structure. The ER behavior in the photon range where the extinction coefficient is small compared to the refractive index is consistent with the electro-optic effect observed in the visible. It is suggested that a single mechanism accounts for both effects. In KTa${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ the fundamental edge has been additionally investigated by electro-absorption. The data suggest that quantum-mechanical tunneling of the Franz-Keldysh type plays only a minor role in the optical field effects of ferroelectric crystals.


In this paper we seek to provide a foundation for the study of the level of use of object-oriented techniques in Java programs in general, and scientific applications in particular. Specifically, we focus on the use of small methods, and the frequency with which they are called, since this forms the basis for the study of method inlining, an important optimisation technique. We compare the Grande and SPEC benchmark suites, and note a significant difference in the nature and composition of these suites, with the programs from the Grande suite demonstrating a less object-oriented approach. On average, they make less use of the class library than SPEC applications and use longer methods.


The stabilization of GX - 105 diesel fuel stabilizator based on oxidation sediments and the color of LCO was studied. The results showed that the better stability of LCD was obtained with a GX- 105 diesel fuel stabilizator adding the dosage of 2.5×10-1 Kg/t at 170℃. Under the said dosage and temperature, the oxidation sediments and color of LCO were 2.5 mg/100 mL and 3.0 respectively. Comparing with the prepared without adding GX- 105 diesel fuel stabilizator, the oxidation sediments and color of LCD decreased 17.5 mg/100 mL and 4.5.


This article uses hierarchical linear modeling with a sample of African American children and their primary caregivers to examine the association between various community factors and child conduct problems. The analysis revealed a rather strong inverse association between level of collective socialization and conduct problems. This relationship held after controlling for a variety of individual-level variables relating to family, peers, and school. Two other community-level variables, prevalence of crime and concentrated disadvantage, were not significantly related to conduct problems. Overall, the results suggest that successful childrearing is a community enterprise. It appears that communities significantly reduce their risk for child conduct problems to the extent that adults know the children, parents, and teachers in their area, and they are inclined to act upon these social ties either by reprimanding children who are misbehaving or by notifying the proper authorities.


We present a formalism to study many-particle quantum transport across a lattice locally connected to two finite, non-stationary (bosonic or fermionic) reservoirs, both of which are in a thermal state. We show that, for conserved total particle number, a system of nonlinear quantum-classical master equations describes the concurrent many-particle time evolution on the lattice and in the reservoirs. The finiteness of the reservoirs makes a macroscopic current emerge, which decreases exponentially in time, and asymptotically drives the many-particle configuration into an equilibrium state where the particle flow ceases. We analytically derive the time scale of this equilibration process, and, furthermore, investigate the imprint of many-particle interferences on the transport process.


The faults in rotating machinery, caused by the clearance between the rotor and the stator, commonly lie on partial rub and looseness. These problems cause malfunctions in rotating machinery since they create strange vibrations coming from impact and friction. However, non-linear and non-stationary signals due to impact and friction are difficult to identify. Therefore, exact time and frequency information are needed for identifying these signals. For this purpose, a newly developed time-frequency analysis method, HHT(Hilbert-Huang Transform), is applied to the signals of partial rub and looseness from the experiment RK-4 rotor kit. Conventional signal processing methods such as FFT, STFT and CWT were compared to verify the effectiveness of fault diagnosis using HHT. The results showed that the impact signals were generated regularly when partial rub occurred but that intermittent impact and friction occurred irregularly when looseness occurred. The time and frequency information was represented exactly by using HHT in both cases, which makes clear fault diagnosis between partial rub and looseness.Copyright © 2009 by ASME


A graywater (sink and shower wastewater) reuse system is now being designed to serve a visitors' center and a nearby laboratory atop Pikes Peak, Colorado. If the Pikes Peak system succeeds, it will provide an important prototype for water reuse in other arid or remote regions, as well as in manned space exploration. The system will use an immobilized cell bioreactor, reverse osmosis membranes, and other disinfection units to treat graywater, producing water for reuse on-site in nonpotable applications. The entire system will be housed in a recently built army lab, which is currently in use for only four to six weeks out of the year.


Abstract Current star-forming galaxies (SFGs) with CO measurements at z ~ 2 suffer from a bias toward high star formation rates (SFR) and high stellar masses (M *). It is yet essential to extend the CO measurements to the more numerous z ~ 2 SFGs with L IR < L ⋆ = 4× 1011 L⊙ and M * < 2.5× 1010 M⊙. We have achieved CO, stars, and dust measurements in 8 such sub-L ⋆ SFGs with the help of gravitational lensing. Combined with CO-detected galaxies from the literature, we find that the L IR, L′CO(1−0) data are best-fitted with a single relation that favours a universal star formation. This picture emerges because of the enlarged star formation efficiency spread of the current z>1 SFGs sample. We show that this spread is mostly triggered by the combination of redshift, specific SFR, and M *. Finally, we find evidence for a non-universal dust-to-gas ratio (DGR) with a clear trend for a lower DGR mean in z>1 SFGs by a factor of 2 with respect to local galaxies and high-redshift sub-mm galaxies at fixed about solar metallicity.


Understanding the long-term release of radionuclides from nuclear waste to the environment is critical for public acceptance and sustainability of nuclear energy. Iodoapatite, a synthetic material ...


Objective To study the electrophysiological response and scalp distribution in health adults with different visual fields,and to investigate the character and difference of visual information processing with different visual field defect.Methods The electroencephalic responses in 30 subjects with normal visual function were recorded and analyzed after receiving different stimulative fields.Results The early event-related potential (ERP) components showed a longer P1 over the occipitotemporal areas and a longer N1 over the extensive encephalic region in lower visual field defect (LVFD) than in upper visual field defect (UVFD). In addition,P1 was smaller in UVFD than in LVFD,but N1 was similar in size between UVFD and LVFD. The late components showed a longer N2 over the extensive encephalic region and a longer P3 over the centro-parietal region of left hemisphere in UVFD than in LVFD,as well as a smaller N2,but the amplitude of P3 was much similar between these two visual fields.Conclusion These ERP findings suggested that LVFD may principally cause prolonged latency of early ERP components P1 and N1,but UVFD can mainly evoke the prolonged latency of late components N2 and P3 as well as a smaller P1 and N2.


The Phytochemical, proximate and mineral element composition of the stem of Costus afer were investigated. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of saponins, alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, and steroids. The proximate composition indicated the following; moisture (33.6 %), crude fat (2.48 %), crude protein (14.02 %), carbohydrate (20.14 %), crude fiber (15.55 %), and ash (14.21 %). Mineral element determination (in mg/100 g) showed the presence of potassium (88.00), sodium (1.94), calcium (200.40), magnesium (191.39), and phosphorus (6.02). The anti-nutrients evaluated (in mg/100 g) were total oxalate (314.00), soluble oxalate (200.44), cyanide (24.40) and tannins (7.92). The presence of these phytochemicals in this plant, coupled with its low toxicity level obtained lends credence to the numerous beneficial roles of this plant in agriculture and folk medicine.


Global economic integration is expanding worldwide, and each country's potential and extent of exchange rate volatility will become more significant with changing national policies. As a result of engaging in import and export business, foreign trade enterprises have a large volume of foreign currency transactions and holdings. Foreign trade enterprises in every country need to raise their awareness of exchange rate risk management. Import and export enterprises must avoid exchange rate risks in various ways to ensure minimum losses and maximum profits. This article examines how foreign trade enterprises can manage exchange rate risk in a way that enables them to avoid exchange rate risk and thus ensure stable business returns. Following a logical relationship and structure, it uses the literature research method to introduce how companies need to respond to changes in exchange rates internally. It also introduces how companies can control exchange rate risk through financial instruments.


Using the micro model plus full-information scanning video, it can vividly and intuitively reproduce the fluid movement during the oil, gas, and water displacement process and the microscopic remaining oil morphology and distribution after the water flooding is completed. Based on the microfluidic flat plate model experiment, this paper discusses the microresidue comprehensively for the specific development well pattern (inverse seven-point well pattern), well type, and fracture occurrence morphology (horizontal fracture) produced by fracturing, taking into account the comparative displacement method, the law of effective use of oil. The research results show that the effect of nitrogen flooding and foam flooding in horizontal fractured conventional wells is better than that of water flooding. The remaining oil after nitrogen flooding and foam flooding is mainly columnar and plug; the remaining oil of water flooding is mainly striped and networked. And the remaining oil saturation is high (72.2%). The main reason for this type of remaining oil is that there is still a large amount of contiguous remaining oil that has not been used; the horizontal fracture horizontal well has the best nitrogen flooding effect, and the remaining oil saturation is low (25.48%), the remaining oil form after nitrogen flooding is mainly striped, the remaining oil content of the other types is low, and the remaining oil form after water flooding is mainly columnar and net.


Japanese lesson study continues to attract the attention of U.S. educators more than 15 years after its first introduction. Research supporting its effectiveness in terms of students' learning is beginning to emerge. When a practice that is successful in one culture is imported into another, however, there are usually some obstacles and challenges, and this has been the case with Japanese lesson study. As educators around the world attempt to implement Japanese lesson study in their own situations, it is important for us to consider what the essential design features of lesson study are. The purpose of this article is to reflect on the initial 15 years of Japanese lesson study in the United States and identify those factors that contributed to its successes and also those that may have prevented it from achieving its fullest potential. We will also discuss additional factors that may support successful implementation of Japanese lesson study outside of


Abstract An energy dispersive x-ray fluorecence technique was used for the determination of Titanium (Ti) and Zirconium (Zr) in red mud by using a standard addition method. An annular 241Am source is employed for excitation of K shells of elements.


The previously alleged 'eugnathid amiiform' Sinoeugnathus kueichowensis is a small-sized halecomorph from the Middle Triassic (Ladinian) marine deposits of Guizhou and Yunnan, China. A morphological redescription and taxonomic revision of this taxon are provided based on a detailed examination of 15 new specimens. Among them, IVPP V24315 (standard length = 64 mm) is appointed as the neotype, given that the holotype is missing. Studies of these specimens revealed some morphological details previously undescribed or misidentified for this taxon, including a hatchet-shaped antorbital, two broad suborbitals, a sensory canal in the maxilla, and three pairs of extrascapulars. For the first time, Sinoeugnathus was incorporated into an analysis of halecomorph phylogeny, and the results recover it as the sister taxon of the Anisian Subortichthys from Luoping, Yunnan, and both are grouped with two Ladinian genera Allolepidotus and Eoeugnathus from the Monte San Giorgio area into a monophyletic group (namely Subortichthyidae fam. nov. herein) at the base of Ionoscopiformes. This taxonomic reassessment of Subortichthys provides new insights into the phylogeny and paleogeographic evolution of Ionoscopiformes.


An Fe-16Mn-6Si alloy exhibits a good one-way and a little two-way shape memories by the stress induced γ → e martensitic transformation and its reversion on heating and cyclic thermal γ r ; e transformations, respectively. An intrusion of small amount of α' martensite at the initial shape change is not found to deteriorate the one-way memory and rather enhance the two-way memory. The two Fe-Mn-C alloys are also examined and their inferior shape memory is considered not due to the influence of α' martensite.


About 20% of patients with depression are diagnosed with alcohol dependence, and alcohol dependent individuals are at a higher risk of developing depression. A number of authors point to the relationship of CLOCK gene activity with both affective disorders and alcohol use/dependence disorders; in particular, variations in the CLOCK gene at the evidence level link to depression and stress.Objective: to establish clinical and genetic associations of the CLOCK circadian rhythm gene and depressive disorders during the period of abstinence in patients with alcohol dependence syndrome.Patients and methods. From June 2019 to December 2022, 402 patients (mean age 42.47±7.5 years) were examined, who underwent outpatient follow-up at a narcological dispensary not earlier than 1 month after and not later than 2 months after discharge from the hospital. All patients were diagnosed with middle-stage alcohol dependence syndrome, early remission phase. Depending on the presence of an episode of depression at the time of the examination, the main group (patients with a depressive disorder; n=128) and a comparison group (patients without a depressive disorder; n=274) were formed. Clinical interviews and psychometric study using the Montgomery–Asberg Depression Scale, were conducted for all the subjects. All subjects provided 10 ml venous blood samples for molecular, genetic and biochemical studies.Results and discussion. Correlations were found between the carriage of the TT genotype of the CLOCK gene in patients with alcohol dependence and concomitant clinical depression. Carrying the TT genotype of the CLOCK gene is presumably associated with the predominance of the following symptoms of depression, which demonstrated statistically significant differences: loss of appetite, impaired concentration, apathy, as well as with a higher overall score on the MADRS depression scale. The established association between the CLOCK gene and depression in people with alcohol dependence can be considered as a vulnerability factor in relation to the development of depression in patients with the underlying disease – alcohol dependence syndrome.Conclusion. The CLOCK gene is associated with the development of depression in patients suffering from alcohol dependence. Carriers of the TT genotype of the CLOCK gene (rs1801260) to a greater extent than carriers of other genotypes are characterized by the development of comorbid depression, as well as the predominance of such clinical symptoms as loss of appetite, impaired concentration, apathy, and a higher overall score on the MADRS depression scale.