Two molecular forms of pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase (PP1-PFK; pyrophosphate:Dfructose-6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase; EC 126.96.36.199) have been found whose activity depends upon association and dissociation characteristics regulated by fructose 2,6-bisphosphate (Fru-2,6-P2). PPI-PFK was purified 200-fold from cotyledons of germinating pea seeds and found to exist in two interconvertible molecular forms. The two forms of PP1-PFK have sedimentation coefficients of 6.3 and 12.7 S during 4ltracentrifugation in sucrose density gradients and also differ both in sensitivity to the activator Fru-2,6-P2 and in affinity for the substrate fructose 6-phosphate. The major component of enzyme activity is in the large form (12.7 S), but the small, lessactive, form (6.3 S) predominates when the enzyme preparation is extracted and stored in buffer without Fru-2,6-P2 and glycerol. Urea (1 M) or pyrophosphate (20 mM) treatment results in at least a 50% loss of activity in the glycolytic direction, whereas these treatments had much less influence on the gluconeogenic direction activity. Concomitant with the loss of glycolytic activity the enzyine dissociates into the small form. Fru2,6-P2 stabilizes the large form of the enzyme against the dissociating effects of pyrophosphate and prevents the inactivation in the glycolytic direction during either urea or pyrophosphate treatment. The small molecular form of the enzyme is converted into the large form in the presence of Fru-2,6-P2. We propose that glycolytic and giuconeogenic hexose metabolism in plants includes a regulatory mechanism induced by Fru-2,6-P2 that involves the interconversion of two molecular forms of PP1-PFK. The interconversion of fructose 6-phosphate (Fru-6-P) and fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (Fru-1,6-P2) is a rate-limiting step in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, and the regulation of the enzymes involved is subject to modulation by a variety of metabolites and inorganic ions. In higher animals, the direction of carbon flow through fructose phosphates is controlled by the relative activities of ATP-dependent phosphofructokinase (ATP-PFK, EC 188.8.131.52) and fructose-1,6bisphosphatase (Fru-1,6-P2ase, EC 22.214.171.124) (1). Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate (Fru-2,6-P2), a recently discovered regulator of these two enzymes (2, 3), acts both to stimulate ATPPFK activity and to inhibit Fru-1,6-P2ase activity (4, 5); thus, increased Fru-2,6-P2 concentration in an animal tissue increases glycolytic flux (6). The discovery of a pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase (PPi-PFK; pyrophosphate:D-fructose-6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase, EC 220.127.116.11) in a parasitic amoeba (7), a bacterium (8), pineapple leaves (9), and a number of other plants (10-18) established that in these organisms the interconversions of Fru-6-P and Fru-1,6-P2 involve an additional enzyme. In plants, PPj-PFK is a cytoplasmic enzyme (11, 13, 14, 16-18) that reversibly interconverts Fru6-P/Fru-1,6-P2 and pyrophosphate/phosphate during in vitro experiments. The total activity of PPj-PFK may be equal to or greater than the ATP-PFK activity, depending on the plant tissue (9, 13, 14, 16, 17); thus the contribution of PP,PFK to sugar metabolism in plants is probably significant. Fru-2,6-P2 is a powerful activator of plant PPj-PFK (10) at physiological concentrations (nM) (10-18) while inhibiting Fru-1,6-P2ase activity (11, 18) and having no effect on cytoplasmic ATP-PFK (11). Plant glycolysis, therefore, depends on the regulation of both ATP-PFK and PPj-PFK in a manner that remains to be resolved. Recently we found that the activity of PPj-PFK increased and the enzyme's sensitivity to Fru-2,6-P2 changed during pea seed germination. On the basis of the behavior of PPjPFK after gel filtration, we suggested that the enzyme exists in two interconvertible forms that could be regulated by binding with Fru-2,6-P2 and other ligands (15). These results prompted us to investigate these properties of PPj-PFK further, using a partially purified enzyme preparation from germinating pea seeds. Primarily using sucrose density gradient centrifugation analysis, we now present evidence for the reversible interconversion of two molecular forms of PPj-PFK. These results support the proposal that the interconversion of two molecular forms of PPj-PFK is another mechanism for regulating glycolysis and gluconeogenesis in plants. MATERIALS AND METHODS Materials. Pea seeds (Pisum sativum cv. Alaska) were soaked overnight in running tap water and germinated for 2 days in vermiculite at room temperature in darkness. Fru-6-P, Fru-1,6-P2, Fru-2,6-P2, N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)glycine (Bicine), EGTA, 2-mercaptoethanol, and the auxiliary enzymes for the assay of PPj-PFK were purchased from Sigma. Sucrose was obtained from J. T. Baker Chemical (Phillipsburg, NJ). Sephadex G-200 (fine, 40-120 ,um) was from Pharmacia and DEAE-cellulose (DE-52) was obtained from Whatman. Enzyme Assays. PPj-PFK activity was assayed spectrophotometrically as described (9, 15). The assay was started by the addition of pyrophosphate (for the glycolytic direction) or potassium phosphate (for the reverse direction). AfAbbreviations; Fru-6-P, fructose 6-phosphate; Fru-1,6-P2, fructose 1,6-bisphosphate; Fru-2,6-P2, fructose 2,6-bisphosphate; PP,-PFK, pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase; ATP-PFK, ATPdependent phosphofructokinase; Fru-1,6-P2ase, fructose-1 ,6,bisphosphatase; Bicine, N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)glycine. *Permanent address: Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology, Academia Sinica, Shanghai, The People's Republic of China. 5051 The publication costs of this article were defrayed in part by page charge payment. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. §1734 solely to indicate this fact. Proc. Nati. Acad Sci USA 81 (1984) ter a short lag period, the reaction rates were constant during measurement. Catalase activity was assayed at 250C by following the disappearance of hydrogen peroxide by absorbance at 240 nm (19). Aldolase activity was assayed spectrophotometrically by measuring the oxidation of NADH at 340 nm in a system containing 0.1 M Hepes/NaOH at pH 8.0, 2.5 mM MgCl2, 10 mM Fru-1,6-P2, 0.2 mM NaOH, 2 jig of triose-phosphate isomerase, and 10 ,ug of a-glycerol-phosphate dehydrogenase in 1 ml. Sucrose ]Density Gradient Centrifugation. Ultracentrifugation of PP1-PFK was carried out at 40,000 rpm with a Beckman SW 41 rotor in a Beckman model 65B ultracentrifuge for 16 hr at 50C with a 12-ml linear gradient from 5% to 25% (wt/vol) sucrose in 100 mM Bicine/NaOH buffer at pH 8.2, 1 mM EGTA, and 7 mM 2-mercaptoethanol. The samples were layered on top with 500 A.l of the sample containing catalase (11.6 S) and aldolase (7.3 S) as internal markers. At termination of the centrifugation, 400-,ul fractions were collected from the top with an ISCO density gradient fractionator (model 640). The sedimentation coefficients and molecular weights of the two forms of PPi-PFK were determined by the method of Martin and Ames (20). Protein was measured with Coomassie blue stain according to Bradford (21). Purification of PPi-PFK. All purification steps were carried out at 0-40C. Step 1: Crude Extract. Cotyledons (200 g) were washed and separated from pea seeds after two days of germination and homogenized in a Waring Blendor with 500 ml of 100 mM Bicine/NaOH, pH 8.2, containing 1 mM disodium EGTA, 7 mM 2-mercaptoethanol, and 5% (vol/vol) glycerol (buffer A). The homogenate was filtered through eight layers of cheesecloth and centrifuged at 16,000 x g for 30 min. The supernatant was defatted by passing through glass wool. Step 2: Ammonium sulfate fractionation. Solid (NH4)2SO4 (116 g) was added to 600 ml of supernatant with stirring for 30 min (35% saturation). After centrifugation at 25,000 x g for 20 min the precipitate was discarded and enzyme was precipitated by addition of 71 g of solid (NH4)2SO4 (55% saturation). The precipitate (35-55% saturation fraction) was collected after centrifugation and dissolved in 40 ml of buffer A containing 100 AM Fru-2,6-P2. Step 3: DEAE-cellulose (DE-52) chromatography. The fraction from the (NH4)2SO4 fractionation step was dialyzed overnight against buffer A and then applied to a DEAE-cellulose column (2.5 x 30 cm) that had been equilibrated with buffer A. The DEAE-cellulose column was eluted by a linear salt gradient from 0 to 0.6 M sodium chloride (in buffer A). PPj-PFK eluted at 0.24 M salt. The active fractions were collected, pooled, and then concentrated by adding solid (NH4)2SO4 to 55% saturation; after centrifugation, the precipitate was resuspended in buffer A containing 1 mM Fru2,6-P2. Step 4: Preparative sucrose density gradient centrifugation. The enzyme preparation (3.5 ml) containing 1 mM Fru2,6-P2, obtained from the DEAE-cellulose chromatography step described above, was layered onto 5-25% linear sucrose gradients (prepared in buffer A) (30 ml) and then centrifuged for 5.5 hr (at 5°C) at 26,000 rpm in a Beckman SW 27 rotor on a Beckman 65B ultracentrifuge; 1.2-ml fractions were collected, starting at the top of the gradient. The sucrose gradient was measured by refractometry. Step 5: Gel filtration chromatography. Active fractions were collected and pooled from step 4 and applied onto a Sephadex G-200 (2.5 x 38 cm) column, preequilibrated and eluted with buffer A. Under these conditions, PPi-PFK activity was stable for at least 1 month when stored at low temperature (-200C). The enzyme was purified over 200-fold by this procedure and was free of detectable activities of ATPPFK and Fru-1,6-P2ase. RESULTS Isolation and Kinetic Properties of the Two Forms of PP1PFK. Molecular heterogeneity of the enzyme was observed by assaying PPi-PFK activity along svcrose density gradient sedimentation profiles (Fig. 1). When an enzyme preparation in the standard purification procedure (after step 3 with an enzyme stored in buffer A with Fru-2,6-P2)Dwas further purified by centrifugation in p


Two series of magnetically substituted Aurivillius phases which could potentially show both ferroelectricity and magnetic ordering, Bi3NbTi1-xMnxO9 (x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1) and Bi2LnNbTiO9 (Ln: Nd—Ho), are prepared from stoichiometric mixtures of Bi2O3, TiO2, Nb2O5, MnO2, and Ln2O3 (800—1100 °C, 3—5 h).


The article offers information related to the state of the real estate industry in Greece. It is noted that South-East Europe (SEE) remained as top European destination for short-term and long-term investment opportunities despite downtrend due to the financial and liquidity crisis. It is noted that Greece has secured a strong comparative advantage in comparison to its neighbouring SEE countries and its real estate market remains a focal point for foreign investors.


57) ABSTRACT Embossed strips are disposed on a sealing and wiping diaphragm to attain an irregular wiping action about the periphery of an applicator in a product container. A sealing and wiping portion is disposed on the dia phragm and is configured to present predetermined flexure characteristics in each direction along the op erational axis of the product container. Furthermore, a chamber is disposed in the diaphragm to provide in sertion lead and withdrawal expansion for the applica tor. The diaphragm can be incorporated integrally on a sealing gland of a reservoir assembly which functions cooperatively with the applicator to create the prod uct container. Within the reservoir assembly the seal ing gland is interlocked on a portal bushing to simplify the construction, while achieving a peripheral seal of predetermined parameters about the portal bushing. 12 Claims, 7 Drawing Figures


At present, the recovery of low-quality waste heat is a major problem in energy utilization. To solve this problem and improve energy efficiency, this research group designed a low-quality waste heat power generation device with a roots-type power machine as the core component. However, the power generation device produces a large hysteresis in power generation regulation. While the hardware can be improved, the design of the measurement and control system is also critical. In view of the problems existing in low-quality waste heat power generation devices, this research group introduced an internal model controller into the control system and designed an internal model controller and filter through the analysis of each module. In addition, to improve the performance of the controller, this research group applied the deep learning method to optimize the control system and used the prediction function of the deep learning method to further improve the stability of the device. The simulation and experimental results show that the control strategy can make this device for the recovery of low-quality waste heat respond quickly to fluctuations in the gas source and improve the hysteresis problem.


e21051 Background: Knowledge of the metastatic potential of circulating tumor cells would be useful for cancer prognosis and also be a rationale for targeting metastatic CTCs for therapy. Methods: Using immunomagnetic beads, CTCs were rapidly isolated from the circulation of mice orthotopically implanted with human PC-3 prostate cancer cells stably expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP). The PC-3–GFP CTCs were then expanded in culture in parallel with the parental PC-3–GFP cell line. Both cell types were then inoculated onto the chorioallentoic membrane (CAM) of chick embryos. Eight days later, embryos were harvested and the brains were processed for frozen sections. The IV-100 intravital laser scanning microscope enabled rapid identification of fluorescent metastatic foci within the chick embryonic brain. Results: Inoculation of embryos with PC-3–GFP CTCs resulted in a 3 to 10-fold increase in brain metastasis when compared to those with the parental PC-3–GFP cells (p<0.05 in all animals). Thus, PC-3...


We construct a dynamic model of university research that allows us to examine recent concerns that financial incentives associated with university patent licensing are detrimental to the traditional mission of US research universities. We assume a principal-agent framework in which the university administration is the principal and a faculty researcher is the agent. Whether or not the researcher remains in the university, and if so her choice of the amount of time to spend on basic and applied research, is complicated by the fact that she earns license income and prestige both inside and outside the university. Thus in contrast to usual principal agent models the participation constraint is endogenous. This, plus the fact that current research affects future knowledge stocks, allows us to show that it is far from obvious that licensing will damage basic research and education. Richard A. Jensen Department of Economics and Econometrics 434 Flanner University of Notre Dame Notre Dame, IN 46556 firstname.lastname@example.com Marie C. Thursby College of Management 800 W. Peachtree Street NW Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, GA 30332 and NBER firstname.lastname@example.com Patent Licensing and the Research University Richard Jensen∗ The University of Notre Dame Marie Thursby Georgia Institute of Technology and NBER


Introduction: Healing wounds are characterized by high lactate levels. Lactate has been shown to enhance collagen synthesis by fibroblasts and VEGF production by macrophages. However, little is known whether the increased VEGF level correlates with enhanced biological activity. Therefore, we investigated the migration of endothelial cells treated with lactate. Material and methods: Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were cultured to subconfluent monolayers in standard 6 well tissue culture plates. Following a 16 hour serum starvation period, cells were treated with indicated concentrations of lactate for 20 hours in a standard incubator at 95 % air and 10 % CO2. Cellular migration was assessed using a modified Boyden-chamber. VEGF protein in the cell culture supernatant was measured by ELISA. All experiments were performed in triplicates and repeated at least twice. Results are given as mean + SD; a p-value less than 0.05 calculated by Student's t-test was considered significant. Results: Lactate enhanced VEGF protein synthesis in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Lactate added to the bottom well did not stimulate cellular migration from the upper well. However, lactate together with endothelial cells in the bottom well of the Boyden-Chamber increased cellular migration in a dose-dependent manner. This effect could be blocked both by anti-VEGF or cyclohexamide as well. Conclusion: Lactate enhances VEGF production in human endothelial cells. However, lactate is not a chemoattractant. Lactate mediated increase in cellular migration is regulated by VEGF.


It has recently been pointted out by tlhe author (1) t,hat the apparently contradictory views as t.0 t/he mode of action of COa on the mammalian respiratory center expressed on t'he one hand by Wintcrst,ein (2), Hasselbalch and Lundsgaard (3, (3) and others, and on the other by Laqueur and Verzar (5), Hooker, Wilson and Connct (6) and Scott (7) arc not necessarily in conflict Carbonic acid may conceivably, like any other acid, act primarily through its hvdrogen ions, as the first group of workers have held, and yet, differ so greatly from other acids in certain peculiarities connected with its powers of penetrating living cells as to have practically as specific an action as that postulated by the second group, One of the most, interesting of these peculiarities is the relatively small importance of the hydrogen ion concent,ration of a solution containing carbon dioxide in determining the degree of intracellular acidity produced in a cell exposed to it. The author has already called attention t,o the fact that a neutral or even a slightly alkaline COZ-bicarbonate mixture is practically as toxic to tadpoles as a pure CO2 solution of the same concen-tration, ancl that such a solution has a sour tast,e. He has interpreted these results as being due to the fact t'hat t'he H2C03, whose dissociatZion is held in check by the bicarbonate, can freely enter cells (perhaps as CO,), while t,he bicarbonat'e cannot, the carbonic acid dissociating when within the cells to the ext'ent permitted by the new conditions of equilibrium prevailing there, which may easily result in a hydrogen ion concentration higher than that of the surrounding medium. While the observatlions already recorded have probably been correctly interpreted, it has seemed desirable to supplement them with a case where the rise in intracellular acidity under the conditions in ques-


An opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa has a versatile phenotype and high evolutionary potential to adapt to various natural habitats. As the organism normally lives in spatially heterogeneous and polymicrobial environments from open fields to the inside of hosts, adaptation to abiotic (spatial heterogeneity) and biotic factors (interspecies interactions) is a key process to proliferate. However, our knowledge about the adaptation process of P. aeruginosa in spatially heterogeneous environments associated with other species is limited. We show herein that the evolutionary dynamics of P. aeruginosa PAO1 in spatially heterogeneous environments with Staphylococcus aureus known to coexist in vivo is dictated by two distinct core evolutionary trajectories: (i) the increase of biofilm formation and (ii) the resistance to infection by a filamentous phage which is retained in the PAO1 genome. Hyperbiofilm and/or pili-deficient phage-resistant variants were frequently selected in the laboratory evolution experiment, indicating that these are key adaptive traits under spatially structured conditions. On the other hand, the presence of S. aureus had only a marginal effect on the emergence and maintenance of these variants. These results show key adaptive traits of P. aeruginosa and indicate the strong selection pressure conferred by spatial heterogeneity, which might overwhelm the effect of interspecies interactions.


The paper deals with the activities of the State Political Guard bodies of the Far Eastern Republic aimed at countering intelligence and sabotage work of foreign special services, intelligence and counterintelligence bodies of the last white regimes. The documents of the central and regional archives covering the work of the State Political Guard bodies are studied.


In a Letter to the Editor about our recent publication (1), Haifeng Qiu suggests that further clarification is needed about the relationship between sensitivity to BMN 673 and dysregulated PI3K/mTOR signaling, given the potential association between PTEN loss and PARP inhibitor sensitivity in other cancer types. Although we agree that PTEN inactivation is common in humanmalignancies andmay be associatedwith sensitivity to PARP inhibitors in some cancers, PTEN loss is only one of several possible mechanisms by which the PI3K/mTOR pathway can be activated, each of whichmay have different implications for drug sensitivity. For small cell lung cancer (SCLC), this distinction was illustrated in a recent publication (2) that showed activity of a selective oral phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, PF-4989216, in SCLC preclinical models harboring activating PIK3CAmutations, but not PTEN loss. Genomic analysis by Peifer and colleagues (3) indicates that PTEN loss occurs in aminority of SCLC tumors (10%). Of the cell lines used in our analysis, only one—NCIH2081—carries a PTENmutation and this cell line was not included in the proteomic analysis. The H2081 cell line fell in the middle of the range of sensitivities to BMN 673 (6.3 nmol/L; IC50 range, 1.7–15 nmol/L), suggesting that PTEN deficiencywasnot responsible for theobserved sensitivity of our SCLC cell lines to BMN 673, nor was it the cause of greater PI3K/mTOR pathway activation observed in the more resistant lines. As described in Dr. Qiu's letter, an association between PTEN deficiency and PARP inhibitor sensitivity has been described in other cancers, including breast, prostate, and endometrial cancers. However, even among cancers with PTEN loss, there are likely to be additional factors that affect sensitivity, as suggested by a recent study that showed sensitivity of tumors with PTEN loss was dependent on levels of circulating estrogen (4). Furthermore, the potential benefit of dual PARP–PI3K pathway inhibition has also been suggested in breast cancer based on preclinicalmodels of triple-negative and BRCA-mutated breast cancers (5) and is being explored in an ongoing clinical trial. In conclusion, we agree with Dr. Qiu that the connection between PARP inhibitors and the PI3K/mTOR pathway warrants further exploration. However, our data indicate that the association between baseline PI3K/mTOR pathway activity and in vitro activity of BMN 673 is independent of PTEN and suggests a distinct mechanism of PARP inhibitor activity in SCLC.


There are few works with any pretensions to scholarship, dealing with any period of the Roman Empire from the principate of Augustus onwards, in which the worker does not appeal to the evidence of coins in one connection or another. This is decidedly less true for the period of the Roman Republic, when the currency system had not yet reached the developed state of organization which it attained under the empire. In this respect, as in so many others, the principate of Augustus forms a prominent landmark. But although, under the empire, there is hardly any time or topic to which the evidence of coins is not in some way relevant, the degree of relevance varies considerably according to the period or subject being studied. It assumes, for example, what is perhaps an exaggerated importance in modern accounts of the later centuries of the Roman Empire, partly because the coins of those centuries have survived in very large numbers and there is a dearth of reliable written evidence, and partly because it is the economic phenomena of those centuries which have a special interest for historians. In respect of subject matter, it is, of course, the economic history of the empire, in its various aspects, to which the evidence of coins is most directly relevant, but it can also have relevance for the study of government policy and for certain aspects of cultural life. Coins have a special interest, of course, for historians of art, particularly in the study of one art-form in which the Romans excelled, namely, portraiture.


Four types of dibenzyl chalcogenols are studied which are formed in situ by the reaction of the corresponding dibromides with sodium hydrogen sulfide, selenide or telluride.


Drug repurposing can expedite the process of drug development by identifying known drugs which are effective against SARS-CoV-2. The RBD domain of SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein is a promising drug target due to its pivotal role in viral-host attachment. These specific structural domains can be targeted with small molecules or drug to disrupt the viral attachment to the host proteins. In this study, FDA approved Drugbank database were screened using a virtual screening approach and computational chemistry methods. Five drugs were short listed for further profiling based on docking score and binding energies. Further these selected drugs were tested for their in vitro biological activity. There was significant correlation between the prediction from computational studies and the actual RBD-ACE2 binding inhibition by the drugs. Then, we performed a series of studies that mimic some of the biological events seen in COVID-19 patients such as secretion of IL1β, presentation of a more thrombogenic endothelium by production of thrombomodulin and accumulation of inflammatory cells such as monocytes in the lungs. Of all the drugs, most promising drug was Ertugliflozin which is used for type-2 diabetes. This drug possesses several desired properties and may be a good candidate for immediate repurposing for treatment of COVID-19.


The four different vinyl monomers in the reaction of isocyanate-terminated polyurethane prepolymer were used for the preparation of macromonomers and successfully employed in the dispersion polymerization of styrene. The chemical structures of vinyl monomer in macromonomers influenced on the polystyrene particle characteristics, such as the conversion, weight average molecular weights (Mw), polydispersity index (PDI), weight average diameter (Dw), and uniformity. The conversion of polystyrene increased with amounts of methyl group in vinyl monomer. Also the uniformity of polystyrene particles increased with amounts of methyl group in vinyl monomer.


Nonvolatile processors (NVPs) have strong vitality in battery-less energy-harvesting sensor nodes (EHSNs) due to their characteristics of zero standby power, resilience to power failures, and fast read/write operations. However, I/O and sensing operations cannot store their system states after power OFF; hence, they are sensitive to power failures and high power switching overhead is induced during power oscillation, which significantly degrades the system performance. In this paper, we propose a novel performance-aware task scheduling technique considering power switching overhead for energy-harvesting NVPs. We first present the analysis of the power switching overhead on EHSNs. Then, the scheduling problem is formulated by mixed-integer linear programming (MILP). Furthermore, offline and online performance-aware heuristic scheduling algorithms with the task splitting (TS) strategy are proposed to solve the scheduling problem efficiently. Experimental results show that comparing with the state-of-the-art energy-harvesting oblivious scheduling strategy, the proposed MILP scheduling approach can improve the performance by 16% on average, and the proposed scheduling algorithm with the TS strategy can reduce the average execution time by 24.8% and 22.5%.


This article presents the work done at IREQ with the distribution group as part of the development of a low-voltage grounding clamp for linemen. Low-voltage grounding clamps are devices used to protect distribution system linemen while they work on the overhead distribution system in the occurrence of a return of current originating from the low-voltage circuit following a network incident. The aim of the project is to design a low-voltage grounding clamp which can be easily installed with just one hand. The clamps should be capable of being adapted to several types of lugs and should meet all necessary standards. Most important, the ease of use of the new product must encourage lineman to use the clamp on each and every installation.


INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE:Peyronie's disease (PD) prevalence reported rates vary, ranging from 3 to 8,9%. Patients with severe penile length loss, significant or severe curvature, and/or prominent...


Sir, A 25-year-old gentleman presented with a progressively enlarging swelling over the right side of the neck for seven months. He also had a large fungating ulcer over the right supraclavicular region with extensive edema of the chest wall and right upper limb for three months. He complained of high spiking fever, cough and significant weight loss. Examination revealed a large, soft-to-firm, non-tender, swelling encompassing the neck, right shoulder, arm and upper chest, with visible dilated veins. There were large ulcers with everted margins and a necrotic floor over the supraclavicular region and multiple smaller ulcers over the chest wall [Figure 1]. He had hard and matted cervical lymph nodes.


Objective to study the influence factors of lateral perineal incision healing and protective measures Methods To choose in September 2013~September 2014 in our hospital for episiotomy childbirth puerpera has a total of 162 cases, 162 cases of maternal related clinical data were retrospectively analyzed, of perineum incision healed, analyzes and studies the influence factors of at the same time to take the corresponding protective measures Results The main factors of poor healing perineum incision include: medical personnel factors, personal factors, environmental factors and medical materials Pathological pregnancy group of maternal incision infection rate is higher than normal pregnancy group(P005) Conclusion according to the related factors influencing the lateral perineal incision healing, enhance episiotomy suture level, take strict aseptic operation, and strengthen the ward management, play a good role in lateral perineal incision healing


In this paper, we investigate improving energy efficiency in heterogeneous cellular networks (HCNs). A Stackelberg learning game is first formulated, in which the macrocells behave as the leaders and the small-cells are followers. In the beginning of each epoch (every T time slots are defined as one epoch), the leaders update their power adaptation policies by knowing the best-responses of all followers, while the followers compete against each other in each time slot with only the leaders' action information. The hierarchy in learning procedure indicates the macrocell states in any two consecutive epochs are highly correlated. Then the small-cells' historical policy information can be leveraged to enhance the learning performance. Accordingly, a combined learning framework is established, through combining the Stackelberg learning formulation and the technique of transfer learning, to tell players how to plan the action decisions. Simulations presented show that the combined learning algorithm substantially improves the energy efficiency of HCNs.


Nursing simulation is an innovative learning method that was introduced to nursing education to enhance and strengthen students' experiences during patient encounters. Simulation typically involves three parts: (a) briefing, (b) the simulation experience, and (c) debriefing. However, this arrangement is not fixed and can be modified according to the learning needs of students. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of a repeated simulation experience on the students' self-confidence. This study was guided by Bandura self-efficacy believed Model. At a private university located in the Midwest, a convenience sample (N = 126) involving junior and senior students who were enrolled in two maternal-child nursing courses in the fall 2016 was recruited. A quasi-experimental one-group repeated measures design was used. The a repeated simulation experience consisted of five parts: (a) a briefing, (b) the first simulation experience, (c) debriefing, (d) the second simulation experience, and (e) evaluation. Some students experienced a scenario involving a postpartum women who was experiencing postpartum hemorrhage. Other students had a simulation involving a child who was diagnosed with cystic fibrosis and acute pneumonia. A self-reported, modified general self –efficacy Likert scale was used to measure student confidence at three times during the experience: (a) before the first simulation, (b) before the debriefing, and (c) after the second simulation. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 22. The findings showed a significant difference of students' self-confidence following the repeated simulation experience. Based on the findings, nursing faculty could adopt the repeated simulation experience as a delivery method for simulation in nursing education.


To solve the range scan matching problem, this paper describes a matching rule for points in polar coordinate, i.e. PPMR (Polar Point Matching Rule), which takes into account both rotation and translation error of the scanner displacement at the same time, and can be applied for both 2D and 3D scans. Based on PPMR, a fast correspondence search algorithm is developed taking advantage of the structure of laser scan data. The final scan matching algorithm, PMICP - ICP (Iterative Closest/Corresponding Point) based on Polar Point Matching, is tested on several 2D range datasets. Experiments suggest the algorithm is accurate and fast, which guarantees the real-time application. In the end, this paper proposes a method which selects key scans from scan sequence and finds the best-match key scan for every new scan according to some evaluation functions. This method works online and can be incorporated into Graph-SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping).


Rationale: Vital registration is lacking in developing settings where health and development problems are most pressing. Policy-makers confront an "information paradox": the critical need for infor ...


This study was conducted to compare the effects of manganese sulphate (Mn-S), glycine manganese(Mn-Gly) and manganese 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)butyrate (Mn-HMB) on juvenile cobia, Rachycentron canadum L. Treatments consisted of 0, 2, 4, 8, 16 or 32 mg supplemental Mn kg−1 from Mn-S, Mn-Gly or Mn-MHB. Growth performance, manganese status, antioxidant activities and tissue mineral content were analysed after a 70-day feeding period. Specific growth rate (SGR) increased with feeding 6.29 to 12.65 mg Mn kg−1 diet from the Mn-S or 6.86 to 12.39 mg Mn kg−1 from the Mn-Gly or 6.50 to 8.33 mg Mn kg−1 from the Mn-HMB and then plateaued above these levels. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) show decreasing first and then increased trend. Survival rate (SR) were not affected by the dietary treatments (P > 0.05). Fish fed diets supplemented with manganese at levels of 4–32 mg Mn kg−1 had obviously higher hepatic Mn-SOD activity (P < 0.05); on the contrary, hepatic has lower malondialdehyde (MDA) content (P < 0.05) than fish fed the basal diet. The manganese concentrations of whole body and vertebrae increased with increasing dietary Mn levels from 2–32 mg Mn kg−1 (independent on manganese sources). Dietary Mn supplementation did not significantly influence the copper concentrations of whole body and vertebrae, the zinc concentrations of whole body and liver. Analysis by the broken-line regression of SGR indicated that the optimal dietary Mn requirements in juvenile cobia were 15.42, 11.22 and 10.50 mg Mn kg−1 diet from Mn-S, Mn-Gly or Mn-HMB respectively.


The 'Common Code for the Coffee Community' (4C) was developed as a multi-stakeholder initiative designed to embed sustainability principles in the mainstream coffee industry. It elicited widespread condemnation from producer countries during its initial 'testing phase'. Focusing on Indian opposition, this article comes to the conclusion that, unless key issues as defined by producer-country interests are addressed, any initiatives to advance the economic, social and environmental sustainability of the industry are likely to be seen as vehicles within a neo-imperialist agenda seeking to establish consumer-country control over the product supply chain.


Based on the SORPAS software, the temperature field of the 1.5mm thickness hot Stamping Steel BR1500 HS double-layer sheets spot welding was simulated, and the effect of welding time, welding current and electrode force on the spot welding temperature field was studied. The results show that, in a certain range, with the increase of welding time, the spot welding peak temperature increases, the nugget size increases, and the width of the heat affected zone increases gradually.With the increase of welding current, the spot welding peak temperature increases, the nugget size increases, and the width of the heat affected zone increases firstly and then decreases. With the increase of electrode force, the spot welding peak temperature decreases, and the nugget size decreases. When the welding current is 8k A, the width of the heat affected zone slowly increases at first and then decreases. The maximum value is gotten when electrode pressure is 4.5k N. When the welding current is 9 k A, the width of heat effect zone increases gradually.


Several natural and synthetic coumarins were assayed against different cancer cell lines. Four of them have shown cytotoxicity against a panel of three human solid tumor cell lines (HeLa, T-47D, and WiDr) and a clearly activity/hydrophobicity relationship. Compound 13 proved to be the most active product in all cell lines tested, with values of 8.0 (±0.38) μM against HeLa cells and also able to inhibit Taq DNA polymerase. This dual activity of 13 makes it a candidate to be considered as a "lead" compound in the search for novel antitumor drugs.


The famous German writer and playwright Wolfgang Borchert 1921-1947 was a member of post-war literary union-՚"The Group of 47". He was one of the founders of the new German
literature.


The aim of the study was to investigate source‐sink relations of wheat under continuous heat stress and to identify bottle necks of yield formation. A pot experiment was conducted in two climatic chambers exposing wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Thasos) either to day/night temperatures of 20/20°C (control conditions) or of 30/25°C (heat stress) during the whole vegetation period in the absence of plant water deficit. Plants were harvested at four phenological stages: three‐node stage (DC 33), start of flowering (DC 61), grain filling (DC 75) and maturity (DC 94). Heat stress shortened the development phases of the plants and caused a significant decrease in total above‐ground biomass between 19% and 41%. At grain filling and at maturity, the reductions in total shoot biomass mainly resulted from grain yield depressions by 77% and 58%, respectively. The ear number per plant was significantly higher under heat stress in comparison with the control, at maturity it was more than doubled. On the contrary, under heat stress, the kernel number per ear was strongly decreased by 83% and 75% during grain filling and at maturity, respectively. The decrease in individual kernel weight was 23% at maturity. Thus, the heat‐stressed plants were able to strongly increase the number of ear‐bearing tillers which were able to set only a small number of kernels, yet these kernels showed good grain filling. The harvest index (HI) of heat‐stressed plants was significantly reduced by 36% (control: HI = 50.1% ± 0.4, heat: HI = 32.2% ± 0.9***). The plants in the stress treatment adapted to the adverse conditions by less biomass production which presumably allowed a higher transpiration without an increase in total water consumption. Nevertheless, under heat stress, the water use efficiency (WUEgᵣₐᵢₙ) was strongly decreased by 62% as a result of a small grain yield. In ears and grains, the sucrose, glucose and fructose concentrations were not significantly different between control and heat stress at start of flowering and during grain filling. Thus, the supply of assimilates was not restricted (no source limitation). Sink capacity was reduced by heat stress, as lesser and smaller kernels were produced than in the control. Concerning sink activity, the sink‐limiting step during kernel set is probably the active transport of hexoses across the plasma membrane into the developing kernels, which could also affect grain filling. This needs to be investigated in more detail in further studies.


Chibnall Marjorie. Veronica Ortenberg. — The English Church and The Continent in the Tenth and Eleventh Centuries. Cultural, Spiritual and Artistic Exchanges. Oxford, Univers. Pr., 1992.. In: Cahiers de civilisation medievale, 38e annee (n°151), Juillet-septembre 1995. p. 294.


Kongsberg Automotive has won a contract with a global manufacturer of premium passenger cars for the supply of On Board Chargers (OBC) for their next generation of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. The OBC will be used in C Segment cars which will be sold in Europe, North America and China under two different brands. The contract has an estimated total value of EUR 40 million over 8 years, with supply from KA's facility in Wuxi, China. Production will start in H2 2017, and is expected to reach peak volume in 2021.


Background/Objectives: In friction stir welding, tools with flat faced pin delivers better weld quality than cylindrical pin. In flat faced pin, improper selection of process parameters often results premature tool failure. Being easily controllable process parameters, proper selection of tool rotation speed with respect to the tool advancing speed not only avoids unwanted weld defects but also enhances tool life. Methods : An integrated experimental and numerical comparative study is made between air and water cooled processes to understand the effects of heat dissipation through the boundaries on temperature distribution. Findings : Optimum range of Pseudo Heat Index (PHI) is achieved by comparing the obtained temperature distribution with material softening temperature. Optimum range of weld speed with respect to the tool rotation speed is derived through the optimum Pseudo heat index. Experimental study on the joint strength validates the proposed optimal process parameter ranges. Novelty : This study outlines a novel approach to develop an optimum process window based on PHI for air and water cooled friction stir welding using tools with flat faced pin.


AbstractThe effect of the preferred orientation of SiC whiskers (SiCw) in an alumina based ceramic cutting tool material on its fracture behaviour has been studied. During hot pressing, the SiC whiskers tend to be oriented in planes perpendicular to the hot pressing direction (⊥HPD). The fracture toughness measured on the ⊥HPD plane was found to be noticeably higher than that measured on the plane parallel to the HPD (∥ HPD). Cutting tests revealed that the fracture resistance of the tool was dependent on which surface (⊥ or ∥ HPD) was used as the rake face. Fracture behaviour and cutting results are discussed with respect to the stress distributions predicted using a finite element method. It is suggested that, with regard to fracture resistance, the selection of the ∥ HPD plane as the rake face is more favourable.MST/1565


This Article pre-print is brought to you for free and open access by the Philosophy at Digital Commons @ Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School. It has been accepted for inclusion in Philosophy Faculty Works by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons@Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School. For more information, please contact email@example.com. Repository Citation Baehr, Jason, "The Cognitive Demands of Intellectual Virtue" (2013). Philosophy Faculty Works. 17. http://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/phil_fac/17


This work discusses a discontinuous Galerkin (DG) discretization for two‐phase flows. The fluid interface is represented by a level set, and the DG approximation space is adapted such that jumps and kinks in pressure and velocity fields can be approximated sharply. This adaption of the original DG space, which can be performed 'on‐the‐fly' for arbitrary interface shapes, is referred to as extended discontinuous Galerkin. By combining this ansatz with a special quadrature technique, one can regain spectral convergence properties for low‐regularity solutions, which is demonstrated by numerical examples. This work focuses on the aspects of spatial discretization, and special emphasis is devoted on how to overcome problems related to quadrature, small cut cells, and condition number of linear systems. Temporal discretization will be discussed in future works. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The utility model relates to an air extractable vacuum preservation box. The air extractable vacuum preservation box comprises an air extraction cylinder, a plastic hose, a one-way valve, a spool, a seal ring, a box cover and a bottom box body, wherein the one-way valve is arranged at the upper end of the box cover, the bottom box body is arranged at the lower end of the box cover, the spool is placed in the one-way valve, and the plastic hose is disposed at the right end of the air extraction cylinder. The air extractable vacuum preservation box can be used for containing food, air between the box cover and the bottom box body can be extracted to achieve a vacuum preservation effect, and the preservation box is simple in structure, convenient to use and wide in application.


The problem of time delay in quantum mechanics and its relation to the classical concept of traversal time is studied. For a monochromatic wave, in one dimension, it is shown that the time delay is proportional to a linear combination of the derivatives of the phases of the transmission and reflection coefficients with respect to the frequency. In particular it is shown that the definition of time delay for quantum coherence given in terms of the periods of oscillations of a wave packet between the two wells, in the proper limit, agrees with the corresponding definition in tunneling.


Methods are disclosed for determining whether organ toxicity, particularly cardiotoxicity, will occur in a patient selected for treatment with various kinase inhibitors, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors, more particularly erbB inhibitors such as Herceptin. In addition, methods are disclosed for determining whether a potential drug is likely to produce a cardiotoxic effect. The methods involve analyzing lipid levels or the expression fatty acid oxidation enzymes, pAMP activated protein kinase, glucose uptake, to determine whether a fatty acid oxidation disorder is present. The identification of a fatty acid oxidation disorder can be used as a predictor of toxicity, especially cardiac toxicity, and as an indication that organ function should be carefully monitored if a drug such as a tyrosine kinase inhibitor is administered. Methods are also disclosed for protecting organs from metabolic stress and for the treatment of cells, such as adipocytes, to reduce their lipid content.


The Public Service Research Group (PSRG) was established to partner with organisational clients to produce new insights into effective public service implementation and evaluation. We perform timely, high-quality and reliable research into public policy implementation. We bring a breadth of knowledge and a depth of experience to our work, taking an inter-disciplinary and inter-methodological approach that recognises the complexity of contexts and plurality of interests involved in any policy implementation. Our research projects build local practice while advancing global knowledge. We enable independent practice and collaborative thinking, and provide educational activities that embed new policy and program implementation insights into practice settings. In doing so the CPSR is guided by five commitments:


2 .pdf Files ( extended abstract, 1 Pag.; 1 Poster copy from the original by Authors). Under Creative Commons License Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).


In the last few years, electric utility companies have increasingly invested into transactive energy systems. This trend was primarily caused by the integration of distributed energy resources (DERs) and internet-of-things (IoT) devices into their existing distribution networks. Influenced by the general interest in blockchain technologies, many industry specialists are considering new, more efficient peer-to-peer market structures for DERs. In this paper, we explore the trade-off between cost and traceability in the form of on-chain and off-chain solutions. We also propose ZipZap, a first step towards a blockchain-based local smart grid system. ZipZap is an ERC-1155 compliant solution with four different prototypes: Heavyweight, Featherweight, Lightweight and Weightless. Our evaluation uses realistic parameters and measures the impact of different types of metadata storage scopes, with some Ethereum prototypes showcasing gas cost reductions of more than 97% in comparison to our fully on-chain baseline.


Now that Minnesota has tackled the first year of MNsure a number of vital questions have been raised. What worked and what did not work since enrollment began in October 2013? Looking forward, what needs to be done to improve MNsure for the Fall 2014 enrollment and its operations in 2015? Join us for a discussion of these questions with local experts, Professor Lynn Blewett, Director of SHADAC; Julie Brunner, Executive Director, Minnesota Council of Health Plans; and Professor Stephen Parente, Director, Medical Industry Leadership Institute. Professor Larry Jacobs will moderate.


The WKB method is employed for a direct calculation of the adiabatic limit and a systematic inclusion of nonadiabatic corrections. Detailed results are presented for spin precession in an arbitrary slowly varying magnetic field. In the special case of a periodic field we recover the well-known result of Berry and extend it to include two nonadiabatic corrections Nous employons la methode BKW pour calculer directement la limite adiabatique et inclure systematiquement des corrections non adiabatiques. Nous presentons des resultats detailles pour la precession de spin dans un champ magnetique arbitraire lentement variable. Dans le cas particulier d'un champ periodique, nous retrouvons le resultat bien connu de Berry. Nous le generalisons en incluant deux corrections non adiabatiques


During the period of the Anti-Japanese War China actively repaid the property to the Soviet Union though there were some unhappy things happening in the course,which were caused by the war and other objective factors.


A. STAT1 protein levels were analyzed by western blot in 4 control LCLs vs 4 FA-A LCLs. ERK2 was used as loading control. B. Stat1 mRNA levels were analyzed by RT-PCR in 4 control LCLs vs 4 FA-A LCLs. Beta-2-microglobulin (ß2μ) was used as housekeeping. C. STAT1 protein levels were analyzed by western blot in 2 FA-A LCLs and their corrected counterparts. ERK2 was used as loading control. D. STAT1 mRNA levels were analyzed by RT-PCR in 2 FA-A LCLs and their corrected counterparts. Beta-2microglobulin (ß2μ) was used as housekeeping. A


Case study represents a principle methodology when an in-depth investigation is needed. It can be an alternative to traditional approaches to emphasize the researcher's perspective as central to the process. In an effort to allow for tool application purposefully selected architects and decision-makers were encouraged to apply a new decision-support tool; which that aims at enhancing decision-making though visual comfort evaluation. A selected case study space was used for application: a daylit museum located in Washington DC Metropolitan was examined for visual discomfort problems. Since museums are typically carefully lit because of the sensitivity of exhibits, this case study evaluated the daylighting condition in a museum using a series of illuminance field measurements, simulations and views experienced by occupants along a circulation path through the space. The case study also aimed at understanding how small design changes can affect visual comfort as a tactic for the case studies. A collaborative design effort was used in different stages of the case study.


Populations of Helicovepa zea (Boddie) and Heliothis virescens (Fabricies) were commonly found on hophornbeam copperleaf, Acalpha ostryaefolia, in Arkansas and Mississippi. From 2002-2009, more than 25 colonies of H. zea were established from collections made on the wild host plant. One colony of H. virescens was made from hophornbeam copperleaf in Arkansas. More recent collections from hophornbeam copperleaf in Mississippi include both H. zea and H. virescens, but H. virescens appears to be more common in the recent Mississippi collections. The plant is commonly infested. Densities vary but can be as great as one larva per sweep. Larvae of both heliothine species were heavily parasitized but more than 50% of collected larvae survived to the adult stage. Hophornbeam copperleaf appears to be a preferred host. Based on our general observations, patches of hophornbeam copperleaf appears to be abundant and widely distributed in the agricultural landscape. More quantification is needed, but if this is correct and densities are as great as those we observed, hophornbeam copperleaf may be an important host in sustaining refuge populations outside of cultivated crops.


The effect of hydrostatic pressure on piezoelectric materials is a crucial factor for underwater device design. In this work, the dielectric, elastic, and piezoelectric properties of Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–0.33PbTiO3 [PMNT (67/33)] ceramics were investigated under pressure from 0.1 to 455 MPa. The dielectric permittivity and losses were found to increase under hydrostatic pressure due to enhanced domain wall motion. With increasing hydrostatic pressure, the mechanical losses drastically increased, which can be attributed to the increase of both domain wall motion and the friction between pressure-transmitting fluid and piezoelectric vibrators. In addition, piezoelectric coefficients (d33, d31) and electromechanical coupling factors (k33, k31) were found to decrease with increasing pressure, owing to the pressure-induced depolarization for PMNT ceramics.


The kinetics of solid/solid interfaces is of major importance for the course of heterogeneous reactions in the solid state. Solid/solid interfaces are normally sources of elastic stress and thus may interact with outer surfaces. In addition, they can offer high diffusivity paths and thus represent two-dimensional reaction media. Essential kinetic situations are defined and basic formal considerations are summarized. Corresponding experimental examples are presented in order to illustrate kinetic phenomena at static and moving boundaries. This includes questions of exchange fluxes, boundary-controlled solid state reactions, morphology, nonlinear phenomena and reactions in boundaries.


Farm Machinery scientific research institutions on the development of the scientific and technological content, features and significance to the development of science and technology content, form, on how to strengthen the scientific and technological development of the work and made a number of recommendations. This study was designed to carry out scientific and technological research institutions farm machinery development work to provide a reference.


Zine historian Bleyer (2004) defines zines as "the intersection of art, protest, confession, and theory" (p. 49). In his survey of zines, Duncombe (1997) categorizes them as "noncommercial, nonprofessional, small-circulation magazines which their creators produce, publish, and distribute by themselves" (p. 6). Zines are often characterized by hand bound pages, scrawled and personalized handwriting, and generally intimate qualities of handmade books, along with personal and political content. Zinesters (who make zines) in this subcultural genre create an array of materials including but not limited to personal chapbooks, diaries, commentaries, editorials, rants, news, and recipe collections. Referencing the greater political scenes of gender, sexuality, and reproductive rights, zines also document the journal/diary-like realms of personal testimonials and individual experiences through collage and drawings. The zine framework occupies the space between objects that are manufactured and things that are handcrafted and one-of-a-kind (often abbreviated online as: OOAK). Zines may be compellingly rugged, jagged, and sticky, yet they can also be very digital and machinized in their font, formatting, and Xeroxed qualities. Zines often model and question a balance of handmade and handcrafted with mass-produced and digitized. Zines are produced by a diverse array of individual makers, whether students creating zines inside or out of school settings, hobbyists working on zines recreationally, or artists approaching self-publishing and book arts such as zines as the focus of their profession.In this article I investigate relationships between zines in print and in digital formats, both embodying artistic, literary, and pedagogical practices of feminist inquiry, political protest, and personal expression. Art education researcher Klein (2010) observes that for art educators, the zine framework of images and text cultivates "storytelling, self-expression, teacher identity construction, and collaboration" (p. 42). Tavin (2002) advocates collaborative and countercultural explorations via student-produced zines. Through an analysis of the persistence of zines in university collections, K-12 classrooms, and D.I.Y/maker communities online and in the physical world, I will examine craft/craftivist cultures of feminist zines and their creators, particularly pertaining to issues of gender, the Occupy Wall Street Movement, and related, recent politics. In contextualizing zines and their communities, I will also address related examples from my own teaching and activist experiences.Zine Histories: Foremothers of Zine TraditionsAlthough zines can be seen as a relatively new and youthful framework for countercultural art, their histories may also be usefully linked with long-standing traditions of self- publishing among artists and artistic communities. Friedman (1997) observed, "it was artists and writers who took up the call of self-publishing in the early part of the twentieth century" (p. 4). She also points out the importance of (zine-like) Dadaist manifestos, surrealist journals, anarchic broadsheets, and miniature magazines. In addition, researchers like Congdon and Blandy (2003) have linked zines with political pamphlets dating back to the self-published materials about the Vietnam War or even Thomas Paine's Common Sense (1776). Zines may be seen as an extension of genres like artist sketchbooks, chapbooks, surrealist games, and manifestos of art history, highlighting young women's contributions in particular (e.g. Women's Studio Workshop (http://wsworkshop.org/), the National Museum of Women in the Arts (http://www.nmwa.org/), the Dinner Party Curriculum Project (http://judychicago.arted.psu.edu/archived/dpcp/minx.php), femmage (http://www.brooklynmuseum.org/eascfa/feminist_art_base/gallery/miriam_ schapiro.php), riot grrrl manifesto (http://onewarart.org/riot_grrrl_manifesto.htm)).Part of the richness of zines that is of interest in teaching is located not only in their historical links to other artists' books, but also in histories and traditions of feminism, activism, and open publishing. …


This paper addresses the concept and function of vocalic fillers, reviews other studies that have described their acoustic structure in different languages, especially focusing on those about Spanish and Russian, and outlines some hypotheses about the real nature of these vowels. Next, in order to check those hypotheses, an acoustic analysis is presented, based on large samples of fillers produced by speakers of the two aforementioned languages. The results of this crosslinguistic analysis are then discussed  and conclusions are drawn which are potentially interesting for phonetic and phonological theory. Specifically, it is argued that vocalic fillers may constitute an acoustic and articulatory unit clearly differentiated from the vowels that form part of the respective phonological systems, and that their precise characteristics may be highly dependent on language-specific overall articulatory settings (namely, on the base of articulation).


The nozzle assembly of the pulverized solid fuel 34 comprises a fuel feed pipe 38 and the nozzle tip 36 is fixed pivotally to the fuel feed pipe 38. The fuel feed pipe 38 comprises a generally cylindrical shell (99) having a bulbous protrusion 106 disposed around the perimeter of the round outlet end (102) and a round outlet end (102). The nozzle tip 36 includes an inner shell 40 having a round outlet end (102) and a round inlet end (108) arranged in a concentric relationship between the generally cylindrical shell (99). Round inlet end 108 is disposed around the bulbous protrusion 106 to form a seal between the fuel feed pipe 38 and the inner shell 40. The nozzle tip 36 also includes an annular channel 42 disposed between the inner shell 40 of the outer shell (39) arranged in a coaxially relationship with respect to, the inner shell 40 and outer shell 39 . The nozzle tip 36 may be pivoted to at least a periphery of the shaft (52 250) for directing a stream of pulverized solid fuel from the inner shell 40. Pulverized solid fuel nozzle assembly, the fuel supply pipe, the nozzle tip, the cylindrical shell


A simple technique for preparing the thin films for direct transmission electron microscopy was developed. This thinning technique is based on a chemical etching of the thin plate which has been cut from bulk material in advance and makes possible more reliable electron microscope study of the fine scale microstructure of glass.The microstructures of the phase separated alkali silicate, alkali borosilicate glasses and the transparent glass ceramics were observed using thin films and they were compared with those on carbon replicas of fractured and etched surfaces. The results are summarized as follows:1) The morphology observed in the micrographs by direct transmission of thin films coincided very well with that in the corresponding replica micrographs. However, thin films are better specimens than replicas to study fine structure below about 100 A because they reveal less ambiguous structure.2) It was shown with real examples that one could determine by selected area electron diffraction and dark field technique whether the individual phases observed in the micrographs were crystalline or not.3) The mean size of main crystals of transparent glass ceramics was observed to be about 300 A in the direct transmission electron micrographs. This value was not so much different from that calculated on the basis of broadness of X-ray diffraction peaks.4) These results mean that the thin film prepared by the described method is more suitable specimen than replica in study of the structure of phase separated or crystallised glasses in spite of the brittleness and the difficulty of preparation of many specimens at one time.


Abstract Activation of N2O3 with iridium(I) complexes affords nitrosylnitrate complexes of iridium(III), Oxy-genation of these complexes and the reaction of N2O3 with iridium(I) complexes in the presence of oxygen give nitro-nitrato complexes of iridium(lll). These complexes are characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectra, conductivity and magnetic studies.


According to the complicated environment condition of moon surface,two models of DC motor for reference were used,and the moonbuggy motor reliability problem by fuzzy method were analyzed.The first model was non-redundant-structure DC motor,the second model was dual-redundant-frame DC motor.There were two fuzzy ways to be contrasted,and they were used to take out reliabilities.The conclusion showed up the quantificational contrastive result,it was possible to get that the method basing on system evaluation had more accommodation than the other one,and the fuzzy methods were indicated being feasible.


This work offers information on the new regulations, dating from 1st April, 1992, on the amount of input tax which a business may deduct. The text makes it clear that the basis on which businesses have calculated residual input tax has changed in terms of relief and anti-avoidance provisions. The book also provides information on key decisions of the European Court of Justice in this area and emphasizes that these decisions are having an increasing influence. A critical analysis of the UK and EC legislation and case law and their practical implications in this area is also included. Explanations (with worked examples) are given of how available recovery methods operate, with particular stress laid on problem areas such as banking and finance, and insurance and property. A commentary is provided on various trade agreements.


In order to improve the utilization efficiency of agricultural motor-pumped well water for irrigation and the traditional fee charging method to reduce the waste of water resources,agricultural irrigation motor-pumped well water and electricity metering system was designed through the division of three functional modules,including water management,water sales and water use,and using database technology,data transmission technology based on Internet and GPRS,non-contact IC card,radio frequency identification technology,to achieve a rational allocation of irrigation water,water and electricity metering.Also,specific solutions are given for the particularity of the target users and applications,both of the charging method and the level of agricultural water management are improved.


The Adaptive Stabilized Finite Element method (AS-FEM) developed in Calo et. al. combines the idea of the residual minimization method with the inf-sup stability offered by the discontinuous Galerkin (dG) frameworks. As a result, the discretizations deliver stabilized approximations and residual representatives in the dG space that can drive automatic adaptivity. We generalize AS FEM by considering continuous test spaces; thus, we propose a residual minimization method on a stable Continuous Interior Penalty (CIP) formulation that considers a C0-conforming trial FEM space and a test space based on the enrichment of the trial space by bubble functions. In our numerical experiments, the test space choice results in a significant reduction of the total degrees of freedom compared to the dG test spaces of Calo et. al. that converge at the same rate. Moreover, as trial and test spaces are C0-conforming, implementing a full dG data structure is unnecessary, simplifying the method's implementation considerably and making it appealing for industrial applications, see Labanda et. al.


The Cracking of concrete is a common phenomenon without immediate and proper treatment, cracks in concrete structures tends to expand further and eventually require costly repairs. Even though it is possible to reduce the extent of cracking by available modern technology, remediation of cracks in concrete has been the subject of research for many years. Cracks and fissures are a common problem in building structures, pavements, and historic monuments. Cement mortar durability is the function of its internal pore structure and distribution, porosity, and its permeation properties. Research has shown that some specific bacterial species isolated from soil can tolerate harsh and challenging alkaline environment and can be used in remediating cracks in cement mortar structures. This state-of-the-art microbial based crack healing mechanism is one such phenomenon on which studies were carried out to investigate the role of calcite mineral precipitation in improvement of durability in bacteria integrated cement mortar. The primary goal of this study is to explore the potential of biomineralization microbial calcium carbonate deposition in cement mortar, to develop sustainable construction materials. The idea has led to the conception of energy efficient and sustainable construction material called 'Bacterial Cement mortar'. This paper primarily focuses on the studies related to the characterization of bacteria produced calcium carbonate crystals using various nano characterization techniques such as Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) to validate that cracks/pore were sealed up by calcite crystals grown due to complex metabolic mechanism of nitrogen cycle by Bacillus subtilis JC3. In concrete, cracking is a common phenomenon developed due to relatively low tensile strength. High tensile strength may be developed in concrete due to external loads, imposed deformations, plastic shrinkage, plastic settlement and expensive reaction. Proper and immediate treatment should be done to prevent expansion of cracks which may eventually be of higher cost. For crack repair, a variety of traditional repair systems are available which possess several disadvantages aspect such as different thermal expansion coefficient, environmental and hazards of health. Bacterially induced calcium carbonate precipitation has been proposed as an alternative and environmentally friendly crack repair technique. It is found that microbial mineral precipitation as a result from metabolic activities of favorable bacteria in concrete improved the overall behavior of concrete. It is expected that further development of this technique will result in a more durable, sustainable, and crack free concrete that can be used efficiently for construction in wet atmosphere where corrosion of reinforcement affects the durability, permeability, and strength of concrete.


Abstract A subject's relationship with work is by no means "neutral" as regards selfdevelopment. What becomes of the psychical (or subjective) relationship with work does not depend solely on the individual's particular characteristics as a person, in particular their gender; it depends also on the nature and organization of work. In order to analyse the importance of work in the development of the psychic erotic economics, I refer to the psychotherapy of a young woman that took place towards the end of her adolescence. This will enable me to show how work can have a positive impact on mental development. Then, in order to illustrate how work may destroy mental functioning, I briefly analyse examples taken from investigations I undertook in France in companies where several workplace suicides had taken place.


There has been widespread media coverage of the The Falling Shadow(Blom-Cooper et al, 1995), a report commissioned by South Devon Healthcare Trust following the fatal wounding of occupational therapist Georgina Robinson by a hospital patient.


Very, very preliminary draft ∗Dept. of Economics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095. Thanks to Ariel Pakes and Jin Hahn for helpful discussions. All errors are our own.


In this paper, a novel semisupervised algorithm is proposed with spatial similarity for classification of hyperspectral data based on the transductive support vector machines algorithm. The proposed method exploits the characteristic of the hyperspectral data, in which spatially nearby points are likely to belong to the same class. To utilize this assumption, a novel transductive support vector machines algorithm is proposed. Experimental tests are performed on two hyperspectral data sets. The results show that the proposed algorithm obtains higher classification accuracies.


The training of undergraduates' consciousness of life long physical education should start with that of their enthusiasm for sports participation in order to achieve their enjoyment and satisfaction brought by sports activities.The second comes the training for their self-exercise ability,which will endue them with the awareness and habit of lifelong exercise.What's more,college teachers should improve their own quality and innovate on their teaching methods all the time as well,which will definitely exert a subtle influence on students' consciousness of life long physical education.


In this paper, the research on the identification of a person in the video broadcast through the IP stream is presented. The software solution is created based on the analysis of face detection methods and current related researches. The crucial part is the identification of individual (university staff) in the IP stream. Training is carried out prior to the identification process. The software solution in form of the web application is created to enable live streaming. It further promotes the functionalities of discussion and voting on questions. System administrator interface is created to allow control over person identification and management of questions. Another essential part focuses on the processing and storing data from discussion or voting. The research verifies the reliability of identified persons through the series of experimental tests.


Taking 'Fuji' fresh-cut apples as material, studied on the effect of different temperatures (-2 ̊C,0 ̊C,2 ̊C and 4 ̊C) on storage quality of fresh-cut apples during 25 days. The results indicated that low temperature can significantly keep the storage quality of fresh-cut apples and inhibit browning. Moreover, compared to the other treatment groups, treatment at 0 ̊C better maintained the firmness, color, as well as higher contents of titratable acid and lower MDA content, which showed 0 ̊C can extent storage time.


Transactions in real-time database systems are associated with certain timing constraints derived either from temporal consistency requirements of data or from requirements imposed on system reaction time. Fundamental requirements of real-time database systems are timeliness, i.e., the ability to produce expected transaction results early or at the right time, and predictability, i.e., the ability to function as deterministic as necessary to satisfy system specifications including timing constraints. There are a number of issues that have to be addressed in processing real-time transactions. To achieve the fundamental requirements, not only conventional transaction processing mechanisms have to be tailored to take timing constraints into consideration, but also new mechanisms that have not been required in conventional transaction processing need to be designed and added. In this paper, we focus on the problem of concurrency control for processing real-time transactions, and propose an optimistic concurrency control protocol. The proposed protocol employs prioritybased conflict resolution schemes developed on forward validation. In addition, it utilizes the notion of lazy serialization implemented using dynamic timestamp allocation and dynamic adjustment of timestamp intervals. With these features, the proposed protocol is expected to produce transaction results in a timely manner.


Learning by doing is often talked about but rarely put into practice. It's easier for schools and businesses to fall back on the "drill them and test them" approch to education. This report discusses why learing by doing is the best educational approach because it capitalizes on people's natural learning mechanisms. Learning by doing builds a case base of functional skills and knowledge that are relevant to the learner.


The axle-base adjustable automobile is specially applicable to lorries, vans, buses, car, cross-country vehicle and racing car, etc. It includes automobile body, power system, running system and operation system, in which the described running system has a wheel-base regulating device for regulating distance between front wheel axle and rear wheel axle, and said regulating device includes the components of groove frame, supporting wheel, supporting column, nut seat, screw rod and others. The invention can raise the automobile performances of starting, accelerating, climbing, balancing and braking.


There have been few philosophers in the 20th century more creative and profound and yet more obscure than Roman Ingarden. He anticipated many of the major philosophical questions that would dominate literary theory in the 1960s and 70s in Germany, France, and the United States. In this paper, I argue that his primary contribution to literary theory is an ontology that arcs deftly between the poles of idealism and realism with a nuanced way of upholding both the formal reality of the literary work of art and the subjective assessment of aesthetic value, all the while preserving the fundamental meaning-making function of language. It was this philosophical foundation that proved to be a fertile ground for later philosophers, like Hans Robert Jauss and Wolfgang Iser, who wanted to push back on what they saw as analogous forces to idealism and realism in the rigidity of formalism and Marxist materialism and the ostensible epistemological nihilism of the psychological hermeneutics.


We characterized soil and vegetation assemblages, many of which are infested with medusahead (Taeniatherum asperum (Sim.) Nevski), on the margin of the Great Basin. Interpretations of these assemblages provide an index of the validity of the basic environmental unit of this ecosystem which can be manipulated through weed control and revegetation techniques. Vertisol (churning clay soils) sites with sparse native plant communities are more susceptible to medusahead invasion than more complex low sagebrush (Artemisia arbuscula Nutt.) or low sagebrush-woodland communities on related clay soils. If the more complex communities are degraded to a low seral state, medusahead can invade and occupy the site. Wet meadows and burned coniferous forest sites at high elevations were the only sites where medusahead occurred on soils with textures other than clay. Big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Nutt.) communities on medium to coarse textured soils were very resistant to medusahead invasion. The restriction of medusahead to certain sites controls the mechanism of invasion and interacts with the breeding system of the species to influence its evolution.


An ultrastructural study of the larval integument of the sea urchin, Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus, was conducted with special emphasis on the development of the nervous system in relation to the formation of ciliary bands. In the integument of 4‐armed pluteus larvae, cells associated with the ciliary band, which have 200 nm‐thick projections at their apices, and cells in the squamous epithelium, which have a cilium and long, fine radiating processes in the apical region, were observed. Both cell types have axons at their basal ends that form nerve bundles beneath the ciliary bands, where the axons make contact with ectodermal effector cells with motile cilia. The cilia and other apical projections of these ectoneural cells run parallel to the surface of the cells, and are under the hyaline layer. The axoneme of the cilium has a typical "9 + 2" microtubular arrangement, but generally has no dynein arms. These ectoneural cells are more frequent on the oral surface than on the antioral surface.


The Tupelo semantic content management middleware implements Knowledge Spaces that enable scientists to integrate information into a comprehensive research record as they work with existing tools and domain‐specific applications. Knowledge Spaces combine approaches that have demonstrated success in automating parts of this integration activity, including content management systems for domain‐neutral management of data, workflow technologies for management of computation and analysis, and semantic web technologies for extensible, portable, citable management of descriptive information and other metadata. Tupelo's 'Context' facility and its associated semantic operations both allow existing data representations and tools to be plugged in, and also provide a semantic 'glue' of important associative relationships that span the research record, such as provenance, social networks, and annotation. Tupelo has enabled the recent work creating e‐Science cyberenvironments to serve distributed, active scientific communities, allowing researchers to develop, coordinate and share datasets, documents, and computational models, while preserving process documentation and other contextual information needed to produce an integrated research record suitable for distribution and archiving. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


This study is aim at ranking the effective factor of internet banking security with ISMS and technique using Fuzzy ANP. The result of this research could be used as an effective method in internet banking security and iso27001 by managers and authority of Bank Saderat of Iran. Applied analysis Techniques are identified for achieving to these purposes after proposing this research. It is an applied and descriptive survey in point of purpose and method respectively. Senior experts and majors have their ideas in this field of study. DEMATEL Technique and analytic network process is used as determination and prioritization of effective factors in internet banking security so paired comparison matrix is used to measure the criterion. To identifying the effective principles and elements on internet banking security a set of options are identified by interviewing the professor and managers. The most important factors in internet banking security by using fuzzy technique include: education, culture, technology, authentication, Comprehensive data and the structure of the bank website. For analysis hierarchical objective criterion were compared by binary. The authentication is the most important based on this vector and the other factors such as technology, education, culture and comprehensive data are the next and criteria of the bank's website is less than the others. DEMATEL technique is used to reflect the internal relations among the main criterion. Based on this vector the technology is the most important and the next one is the bank's website. After that the authentication and Comprehensive data have similar impact. Education and culture have minimum impact on the other elements. The authentication has considerable impact but education and culture have less. Bank's website has more interaction with other criterion. Technology, authentication and comprehensive data are in the next level. Education and culture have lowest interaction with the other elements.


There's no denying that the market for Internet of Things (IoT) personal gadgets is exploding as new items like smartwatches, contact lenses, fitness bands, and even microchips beneath the skin hit the market. Because of the recent expansion of ICT, there have been several changes for economic and technological development. Unfortunately, they also unlocked Pandora's door of cyberattacks, allowing criminals to steal users' data and identities, as well as monitor their professional and personal life. In addition, as IoT connects a wide range of devices for a two-way flow of information, it poses a significant risk of misuse by third parties since it gathers and saves vast amounts of personal data. Data sharing, on the other hand, raises concerns about data protection since the combination of several data points might lead to the prediction of previously unknown private details. An overall framework for dealing with the problem of privacy protection against unintentional exposure of personal managers to govern and enhance user data exchange and inference avoidance measures are also part of the framework. For the framework to be useful, it must use both research areas in a user-centric way that gives users more control over their data and educates them on the implications of data sharing choices.


This paper estimates real and avoidance responses to income taxation among older couples in Canada. Using administrative data and exploiting a unique reform affecting tax on pension income, I observe large effects on labor supply using an instrumental variables approach. However, workers respond to compensated changes in their average rather than marginal tax rates, consistent with 'schmeduling' behavior. Further, I show that taxable incomes vary with the availability of deductions, offering credible evidence of tax planning within couples. These findings provide new insights into the black box of intra-household labor supply and have implications for estimating excess burden of taxation. JEL Codes: D13, H24, H26


Temperature and pressure distributions for an original and modified 3000 pound thrust axial flow turbojet engine were investigated. Data are included for a range of simulated altitudes from 5000 to 45000 feet, Mach numbers from 0.24 to 1.08, and corrected engine speeds from 10,550 to 13,359 rpm.


This dataset supports the article entitled "2.5 mJ narrow-linewidth, linearly-polarized pulse-burst Yb-doped fiber amplifier system", published at Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference 23-27 June 2019.


This article focuses on how Sri Lankan Tamils construct their life histories for asylum applications in France. The construction of the truth in application documents is a crucial issue in citizenship requests and state-building: it determines who the asylum seekers are, and whether they will be integrated into the state or not. It is a citizen-making process, through which the state constructs its population and redefines its borders. This research has been carried out in a bureau drafting life narratives for asylum applications. It describes how the experience of persecution is transformed into an institutionalized biography through the work of a 'public writer'. In particular, it shows that while the bureaucratic procedure follows the logic of 'singularization', a 'tactical' use of collective history plays a relevant role in the writing of these accounts: to give more credibility to theirs statements, asylum seekers use shared history to compose individual histories. Analysing the stakes and the various standpoints of the asylum demand, I will argue that the construction of truth, like the citizenship request itself, is not a simple matter of adapting to state laws and regulations, but is rather the fruit of the interaction between several actors with different interests.


Scholars and proponents of computer-supported learning advocate the use of collaborative learning as an important component of Internet courses. Advocates claim that computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL) is an instructional strategy that can help instructors avoid the pitfalls of Internet correspondence courses that rely on information acquisition and regurgitation of rote answers that reflect low level learning. As educators transition their course from traditional to Internet learning, a paramount concern is maintaining the essentials of a collaborative learning environment. Following a brief theoretical background of collaborative learning as an instructional strategy, four panelists describe the use of collaborative learning in three different educational contexts: (1) an environmental education program for middle school science teachers in North Carolina; (2) a graduate project management course for individuals working full time in organizations throughout the United States; and (3) a graduate course in applications of information technology for military personnel throughout the world. (Author/AEF) ******************************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * ******************************************************************************** CN1 COLLABORATIVE LEARNING IN WEB-BASED INSTRUCTION Patricia Comeaux, Ph.D., Department of Communication Studies, University of North Carolina at Wilmington, USA, COMEAUXPaUNCWILEDU Richard Huber, Ph.D., Department of Curricular Studies, University of North Carolina at Wilmington, USA,


The dual-oil circuit pressure-swirl atomizers are numerically studied by the finite volume method with the inside kerosene flowing under the boundary condition of mass-flow-inlet (300L/h~580L/h) and pressure-inlet (1.44MPa~3.04MPa) respectively. It is suggested that the velocity magnitude of the area near the wall of outlets, which is significant parts of the internal flow filed of the atomizer, is almost linearly increases as the flow rate and the pressure of inlets increase. Furthermore, outlet flow rate slowly increases with the increasing inlet pressure under the pressure-inlet boundary condition and the oil supply pressure of vice orifice increases fast with the increasing inlet flow rate under the mass-flow-rate boundary condition. Therefore, the inlet pressure and flow rate significantly affect the performances of atomizers. Keywords : Swirl atomizers, inlet flow rate, inlet pressure, atomization performance


This article presents an analysis of events in Lithuania in the years 1944 to 1947, when the Soviet authorities were forced to stem the large numbers of beggars, both children and adults, flooding into the country. The scale of the social problem is examined, as well as the reasons, the routes taken by beggars of various nationalities (Russian-speakers, Germans, Roma (Gypsies) and the local population), and the efforts taken by government institutions to use deportation as a way of managing the crisis associated with the spread of typhus. The author reviews the stereotypes, well established in historiography, alleging that only German children begged after the war, and that members of the Lithuanian population who took them in were therefore subject to repressions.


Various vector control efforts have been done but dengue hemorrhagic fever still tends to increase. Lethal Ovitrap (LO) was modification from ovitrap where in lethal ovitrap installed ovistrip contain insecticide. The aim of this research was to determine efficacy Cypermethrin and determine the residual effect with lethal ovitrap method on Ae. aegypti at laboratory. This research was laboratory experiment with postest only control group design. Research was done in August-December 2009 at Loka Litbang P2B2 Banjarnegara laboratory. Activity that had been done i.e: colonization of A e. aegypti, making ovitrap, making ovistrip with active ingredient Cypermethrin, then pretest had been done and determine the residual effect. Efficacy analysis used WHO criteria, i.e death of the mosquito >70% after raising for 24 hour.


Abstract The practice of using multivariate methods for spectral chemical analysis has increased. The inflation of computers incorporated with spectroscopic instruments represents the main thrust behind the growth. For example, multivariate procedures are typically applied to Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometry. The most common multivariate routines for chemical analysis consist of multiple linear regression (MLR), principal component regression (PCR), and partial least


A two-stage thermal treatment process at low temperature (300 °C) has been proposed to improve the conductivity, environmental stability and flexibility of the Ti3C2Tx film simultaneously.


To the Editor: In the February issue, Pedersen and associates (1) reported that between 2005 and 2009, a steadily increasing proportion of patients with schizophrenia had received a suicide risk assessment at the point of discharge from Danish psychiatric hospitals. The authors also reported that 64 of 7,107 (.9%) discharged patients with schizophrenia died as a result of suicide during the following year. This second statistic suggests that patients with schizophrenia are approximately 80 times more likely to die by suicide than the general Danish population, for which the suicide rate is approximately 11.6 suicides per 100,000 per year (2). An understanding of the potential utility of risk assessment and the difference between absolute and relative risk suggests that the steady increase in risk assessment reported in Denmark represents the outcome of misguided policy. A recent meta-analysis found that the odds of suicide among high-risk patients in the year after discharge from psychiatric hospitals were four times higher than among low-risk patients (3). This figure is dwarfed by the 80-fold increase, compared with the general population, in the likelihood of suicide among patients who are discharged with a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Irrespective of the patient's risk category, any patient discharged with schizophrenia is many times more likely than an individual in the general population to die by suicide. The low specificity of risk assessment means that few of the patients classified as high risk will actually die by suicide. Patients classified as low risk will still be at many times the risk of suicide as the general population. Unless there is an intervention to reduce suicide that is suitable for "highrisk" patients that should not also be available to "low-risk" patients there is no point in further stratifying the population of patients discharged with schizophrenia by their assessed relative risk. There is no such intervention. Risk assessment of patients discharged with schizophrenia is pointless. All discharged patients should be offered individualized, optimized care to improve well-being and thereby reduce the likelihood of their taking their own lives. Matthew M. Large, M.B.B.S., F.R.A.N.Z.C.P. Christopher J. Ryan, M.B.B.S., F.R.A.N.Z.C.P.


Objective: This study aims to investigate the novel use of a simple and inexpensive bipolar-assisted tonsil reduction (B-TR) technique in pediatric cases with adenotonsillar hyperplasia by evaluating long-term results, possible complications, need for reoperation and incidence of recurrence. Methods: We present our long-term retrospective data from 78 consecutive pediatric cases undergoing B-TR combined with adenoidectomy from April 2013 to January 2017. The tonsillar sizes were recorded using the Brodsky grading scale from I to IV, and the patients only with prominant tonsillar sizes (III and higher) and adenoidal sizes exceeding 50% were included in the study group. The tonsil sizes were noted preoperatively, and during the latest follow-up visit after tonsillotomy (min. 9 months postoperatively). Results: With a mean follow-up period of 18.3 months, the mean tonsillar size preoperatively was 3.47 (±0.50) and mean tonsillar size postoperatively was 1.35 (±0.48). A significant difference (p<0.001) was observed between these two groups, excluding the only case who later had undergone tonsillectomy. Minimal uvular edema was noted in 27 children (34.6%), which did not cause any upper airway obstruction in these patients. Conclusion: We describe herein our B-TR technique in details so that it can be learned relatively quickly and used in pediatric cases with adenotonsillar hyperplasia as a treatment option.


Unirradiated tartaric acid samples do not exhibit any ESR signal. However, the ESR spectra of irradiated samples contain many resonance signals. The dose–responce curves of the resonance signals, denoted as I 1, I 2, I 3 and I 4 in the present study, were found to increase linearly with the applied radiation dose in the range of 0.04–25 kGy. Adjusting the microvawe power and modulation amplitudes of 1.0 mW and 1.0 mT, respectively, was found to increase the sensitivity of tartaric acid. From the dose–response curves and room temperature decay data, it was concluded that the I 3 resonance signal of tartaric acid can be used for dose measurements at intermediate (0.04–0.4 kGy) and high dose (0.5–25 kGy) levels.


The representative basahs and hornblende gabbros samples have been seleeted from early Cretaceous"bimodal volcanics"and"composite plutons"from eastern Zhejiang and southeastern Fujian provinces of southeastern coast of China.We separated the Fe- Ti oxide concentrates in them and analyzed their Re-Os isotopic compositions.Theγ_(Os)(130Ma) of two hornblende gabbros are-83.7 and -47.1 with unreasonable low initial(~(187)Os/~(188)Os)ratios of 0.0667 and 0.0205.The extremely low initial(~(187)Os/~(188)Os)ratios indicated that some geological processes have disturbed their Re-Os system and it is likely that a recent Re gain after emplacement caused their higher~(187)Re/~(188)Os and lower(~(187)Os/~(188)Os)_1andγ_(Os)(t) .In contrast,the basalts yielded reasonableγ_(Os)(130Ma) values from 21.4 to 267.8,with initial(~(187)Os/~(188)Os)ratios of 0.1531~0.4639 .Combined Re-Os,Sm-Nd isotopic and trace element geochemical studies indicate that the early Cretaceous basaltic magmas might be derived from depleted rather than enriched mantle source,and may have been contaminated by crustal rocks and melts.During late Mesozoic,the sub-arc mantle from southeastem coast of China should be depleted asthenospheric rather than enriched lithospheric mantle.


ABSTRACT A machine vision algorithm for grading pine seedlings in real time has been developed. Singulated seedlings were inspected on a moving belt. Orientation and lateral position were loosely constrained. Classification as acceptable or cull was based on minimum criteria for stem diameter, shoot height, and projected root area. Seedlings were graded in approximately 0.25 s, with an average classification error rate of 5.7%.


There are a number of business challenges that significantly impact the degree of success in a lean implementation. However, there are a number of software tools that can help. The author provides a 'back to basics' guide to software tools that support lean manufacturing.


Strategies often go awry because organizational leaders are not fully aware of the values held by its members. No matter how brilliant the analysis that underlies a strategy, it is the people ‐‐ from the board room to the factory floor ‐‐ who must understand and implement the strategy. That only happens when the strategy fits their values. Values matter. Ethical decisions and actions are based on values. The authors present a psychological theory that describes three levels of values: surface values, hidden values, and deep values, and explain how these values affect an organization's leaders and followers as they pursue their mission.