Missing data problems have been a thorn in the side of prevention researchers for years. Although some solutions for these problems have been available in the statistical literature, these solutions have not found their way into mainstream prevention research. This chapter is meant to serve as an introduction to the systematic application of the missing data analysis solutions presented recently by Little and Rubin (1987) and others. The chapter does not describe a complete strategy, but it is relevant for (1) missing data analysis with continuous (but not categorical) data, (2) data that are reasonably normally distributed, and (3) solutions for missing data problems for analyses related to the general linear model, in particular, analyses that use (or can use) a covariance matrix as input. The examples in the chapter come from drug prevention research. The chapter discusses (1) the problem of wanting to ask respondents more questions than most individuals can answer; (2) the problem of attrition and some solutions; and (3) the problem of special measurement procedures that are too expensive or time consuming to obtain for all subjects. The authors end with several conclusions: Whenever possible, researchers should use the Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm (or other maximum likelihood procedure, including the multiple-group structural equation-modeling procedure, or, where appropriate, multiple imputation, for analyses involving missing data [the chapter provides concrete examples]);


This article starts with the formulation of the complete design problem. Possible design strategies are then identified and adopted along with the reasons for adoption. Finally, the article describes the implementation of the proposed bridge. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The fracture behavior of the Au(Cr)/PMDA-ODA interface was investigated using a stretch deformation method. The study has been focused on thc effects of metal dimension on the delamination behavior, the fracture morphology, and energy dissipation rate of the interface. The delamination behavior shows complex geometrical dependence, with changes observed in the magnitude of strain at failure as well as the progression of the fracture process. The fracture morphology and energy dissipation rate also show apparent dependence on the metal dimensions. The crack growth, as examined by the rate of energy dissipation, seems to consist of thrce stages: crack initiation, crack growth and post growth. Only the growth region exhibits a constant dissipation rate and the fracture energy determined in this stage is in good agreement with that obtained from energy balance. These results can be attributed to the change in the mechanical coupling between the metal and the polymer layers, which was evaluated using a finite element analysis with plastic deformation taken into aiccount.


1. The forming device comprising: a mold having a forming cavity, said forming cavity having a neck portion and an expanded portion, said expanded portion having a cross-sectional dimension greater than the transverse inner wall sectional dimension of said neck portion; ! mold core extending into an end of said cavity; wherein said core has at least one channel for supplying fluid, extending to one or more blast nozzles disposed on a portion of said mold core located within said mold cavity; ! reciprocally moving the hollow sleeve that can be moved from the position of the preform, wherein said sleeve is disposed between said core and said mold cavity forming the mold cavity of the preform to the designated position, wherein said sleeve is removed from said cavity, wherein said sleeve has a cross-sectional size of the inner wall, that said neck portion of said mold cavity and said preform mold cavity are aligned with each other and communicate of fluid when said sleeve is in the position of the preform; ! means the direction of a molten plastic to said neck portion of said mold cavity and said preform mold cavity and! a source of pressurized fluid operably coupled to said at least one channel for supplying fluid. ! 2. The forming device of claim 1, further comprising a temperature conditioner positioned for heat exchange with yk


The dynamic analysis of a spatial 3-DOF parallel manipulator (3-■RC parallel manipulator) is presented. The architecture of the mechanism is composed of a moving platform attached to a fixed platform through three identical revolute-revolute-column jointed serial linkages. First, the dynamic equation of a 3-■RC parallel manipulator based on the Lagrange equation is presented, and the dynamic character of the mechanism is analyzed. Then, the changes of equivalent moment of inertia, actuator force/torque and energy consumption of the mechanism are analyzed through an example. The results of numerical simulation show that, for a given motion, the configuration has a significant influence on the equivalent moment of inertia and actuator force/torque. The analysis provides necessary information for dynamic performance analysis, optimization design and control of the 3-■RC parallel mechanism.


This paper discusses a method for getting a basis set of estimable functions of model parameters in a two-way fixed effects model. Since the fixed effects model has more parameters than those that can be estimated, model parameters are not estimable. So it is not possible to make inferences for nonestimable functions of parameters. When the assumed model of matrix notation is reparameterized by the estimable functions in a basis set, it also discusses how to use projections for the estimation of estimable functions.


This paper reviewed the problem of the subject of the short story published in the 'special issue for people's uprising' from the bulletin of the Union of Chosun Literary Men, 『Munhak』. Thus far, the novels regarding 'the People's Uprising in October 1946' laid down as the 'Daegu October People's Strife', or the 'Daegu October Riot', have only been deemed to be schematized by the ideology of the Workers Party of South Korea. However, 'the time of that day' is contained in their 'imageries'. Thus, based on 'remembering' and 'having seen', this paper examined how the prism of the 'People's Uprising in October 1946' works by returning to the past, October 1st 1946 and February 1947. In reality, Daegu and Gyeongbuk, as the centre of the 'People's Uprising in October 1946', was surrounded by a number of disputes over the food problem even before September, in those days. This implies that the 'People's Uprising in October 1946' might be seen in a different light, if its subject was peasants and workers. In other words, the 'People's Uprising in October 1946' could be remembered and recorded differently depending on who the subject is. Of course, 'memory' is a mere thought recording individual's views, as the implicit meaning displays. For this reason, 'memory' cannot be a historical truth, though it can serve as a historical statement. However, 'thoughts' of people of the day as 'having seen' in 'remembering' and the 'fact' that existed that time, can never be ignored. This way of reading would provide a frame to demonstrate that works of those days regarded as a kind of ideological literature cannot go unheeded at all, from the perspective of ordinary life historiography, or regional historiography, without the need to mention the concept of generalities that novels reflect and copy reality.


The widespread introduction of elearning strategies has forced universities to adopt new and more collaborative approaches to educational development. eLearning in particular requires specialist skills and is currently driving this trend. At a large Australian research-intensive university with the mission to institutionalise elearning, there has been major investment in the establishment of a novel central team model (Ellis et al. 2007). This paper reports a study of the experiences of academic staff from Sciences, Technology and Health who were involved with the central team in developing elearning projects. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with participants, followed by thematic analysis. Preliminary findings provide insight into the impact on individuals and organisational units. The findings in particular address collaborative teaching developments and participants' reflections on working as part of a team. Critical factors for the success of projects were identified, including vision and leadership, curriculum need, and the functioning team. Issues identified include resourcing, infrastructure gaps, management patterns, and recognition and rewards. Finally, we make recommendations for improving the efficacy of elearning development teams. Introduction Universities are facing increasing pressure by governments to improve the quality of teaching (Bowden & Marton, 2004). The Australian Federal Government is tying funding to assessments of teaching quality (Ramsden, 2003). Employers are calling for universities to teach generic skills such as information technology to equip graduates for work (DEST, 2002). Pressure is also coming from the current cohort of students, the 'Net Generation', who have grown up with information and communications technology (ICT), and prefer a blended mode of learning and teaching, comprising of both face-to-face and online (JISC, 2007). In response to these pressures, many universities are increasing the use of online learning in their units of study. Goodyear (2005) and Laurillard (2002) have written about the adjustment in the approach to learning and teaching required to improve the quality of online education in universities. Laurillard advises that, "Collaborative development is crucial for learning technology because of the range of skills needed. An appropriately balanced [development] team is the first step in quality assurance of the materials and services produced" (2002, p.227). While there is a growing literature on the experience and outcomes of elearning development project teams, there is little specifically reported on the team experience from the perspective of the academic staff involved. The exceptions primarily address the experience of the individual academic (Torrisi-Steele & Davis 2000; Roberts, 2003; Ham & Davey, 2005). This paper draws from an exploratory study addressing this gap in the literature.


Elevated blood pressure in children is a significant risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease in adulthood. We examined how children's body mass index (BMI), physical activity and sedentary time at ages 9 and 11 are associated with blood pressure at age 11. Data were from 1283 children from Bristol, UK, who participated in the study aged 11 years, 797 of whom also participated in the study aged 9 years. Child height, weight and blood pressure were measured, and children wore accelerometers for five days, from which moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity and sedentary minutes per day were derived. Multiple imputation of missing data and adjusted linear and logistic regression models were used to examine associations. Child BMI at 11 years was cross-sectionally associated with higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure (mean difference [95% confidence interval]: 0.91 [0.32 to 1.50] mm Hg and 1.08 [0.54 to 1.62] mm Hg, respectively, per standard deviation (SD) of BMI). BMI at age 9 was also positively associated with diastolic blood pressure at age 11 (1.16 mmHg per two years [0.49 to 1.84], per SD of


Objective: To study the pharmacokinetics of gatifloxacin mesylate tablet in healthy volunteers after multiple dosage administrations. Methods:Multiple doses of 200 mg gatifloxacin once daily were administered orally for 7 days to 8 healthy volunteers, serum and urine concentrations of gatifloxacin were detected by high performance liquid chromatography. Results:Gati-floxacin was well tolerated in every subject. The concentration-time data were fitted to a two-compartment open model. On days 1 and 7, T max were 1.22 h and 1.35 h respectively, C max were 1.94 mg/L and 2.02 mg/L respectively, t 1/2β were 6.48 h and 7.89 h respectively, AUC 0-∞ were 20.54 mg·h/L and 19.81 mg·h/L respectively, 59.86 % of the given doses were recovered in the urine within 24 h after dosage. Conclusions:Gatifloxacin has favorable pharmacokinetic properties. Gatifloxacin 200 mg once or twice daily dosage may be applied in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible organisms.


In this paper, a guidance and control algorithm for satellite onboard antenna orientation is presented. The antenna is mounted on a Low-Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite, used in data download operations and has a 2-axis steering mechanism. The aim of the controller is to orient the antenna to the ground station by tracking a reference direction that is determined by the relative geometry between the satellite and the station. Tracking is done via proportional control, which inputs azimuth and elevation measurements and calculates angular speed commands to be sent to the mechanism. Continuous tracking within a certain error band is required whenever the satellite enters a certain communication cone during its pass over the ground station region. The performance of the algorithm is verified both by simulations and hardware tests performed on the actual satellite flight model.


The present study was proposed to investigate the possible involvement of brain monoamines in the manifestations of the central nervous system (CNS) toxicity of methylmercury chloride (MMC) in rats. Therefore, after 3 or 6 successive subcutaneous injections of 10mgMMC/kg body weight, the accumulation of MMC and the simultaneous changes of monoamines in the various brain regions were observed. The results can be summarized as follows:1) Mercury was shown to accumulate most rapidly in the substantia nigra but, at the time when paralysis was observed as hind leg crossing, appeared to be highest in the cerebral cortex and the striatum.2) Norepinephirine levels decreased in all the regions; however, the decreases were more marked in the cerebral cortex and pons+medulla.3) Dopamine levels decreased only in the substantia nigra. No changes were shown in other regions.4) Serotonin levels increased in the hypothalamus, striatum, hippocampus and olfactory bulb. Thus, it may be suggested that regional and temporal differences in accumulation could explain the changes of biogenic monoamine levels in MMC administered rats.


This paper mainly introduces the general implementation proposal of temperature data acquisition and monitoring design for maximum 16 moulds in a single workshop. It is convenient and reliable to realize the remote monitoring for wind power blade curing temperature through the implementation. The acquisition data can be viewed as real time curve and history curve. And the data storage function will facilitate the comparison with production record data,for the real time record data is traceable.


There are not many published studies on the state of Ukrainian political science as a discipline, and those that exist differ in their conclusions. Among Ukrainian practitioners of political science who have written on the topic in recent years, there seems to be a consensus opinion that the discipline has reached a "period of stability," having emerged out of the formative decade of the 1990s when the discipline had to be essentially developed from scratch in post-Soviet Ukraine (Rudych 2003b; Rudych 2003b; Matvienkiv 2008). This conclusion is supported by pointing to such facts as the establishment of the discipline within academic institutions and its formal recognition by the Academy of Sciences and the Ministry of Education, definition of key research topics and methods of the discipline,1 publication of many textbooks and monographs dedicated to political science, launching of political science periodicals, establishment of research institutes, professional associations, and the growing number of professional political scientists who were granted kandydat and doctor of political science degrees.


............................................................................................................. 2 Introduction ........................................................................................................ 2 Concepts ............................................................................................................. 3 Small Business .......................................................................................................................................... 3 Cost & Managerial Accounting ................................................................................................................. 3 Literature Review ............................................................................................... 4 Gap in Literature ...................................................................................................................................... 4 Managerial Accounting Tools ................................................................................................................... 6 Strategic Management in Accounting ...................................................................................................... 8 Findings ............................................................................................................ 10 Project Recommendations ................................................................................ 11 Costing Method ...................................................................................................................................... 11 Strategic Management ........................................................................................................................... 13 Conclusion ........................................................................................................ 14 Appendix .......................................................................................................... 16 Bibliography ..................................................................................................... 17


Fewer than one half of patients with acute myocardial infarction is a candidate for thrombolytic therapy. Current data revealed that primary coronary stenting may be useful alternative to intravenous thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction in these subset of patients. We experienced a patient presenting with acute myocardial infarction and acute promyelocytic leukemia in whom thrombolytic therapy was thought be not eligible due to hemorrhagic tendency. Primary coronary stenting was performed successfully without complica- tions. Follow-up angiography revealed no evidence of restenosis or stent occlusion. (Korean Circulation J 1999;29(8 :840-843


Polylactic acid-g-polyacrylamide(PLA-g-PAM) was synthesized via graft polymerization of polylactic acid with acrylamide using benzoyl peroxide(BPO) as initiator,and the medium polymer was treated with sodium hypochlorite to obtain acyclic N-halamines polymer.Influences of polymerization condition on the graft polymerization were investigated.Molecular structures were characterized via 1H-NMR and FT-IR.PLA films were prepared using solution-casting method.Results show that the acyclic N-halamines PLA film can provide potent antimicrobial functions against Escherichia coli.


This powerpoint presentation, on the juvenile justice law, has been made, time and again, at the Federal Judicial Academy, Islamabad by the author. It provides an insight into the juvenile justice system as working in Pakistan and what are its characteristics. What particular rights are protected under this law? How the juveniles are saved from unnecessary incarcerations and what impact therapeutic jurisprudence has over the administration of juvenile justice. The importance resources, including leading case law from Pakistan, are also mentioned at the end of the presentation. This presentation mentions the leading case law on issue of determination of age of juvenile and how the courts have to take up this matter at the very initial stage of trial. It will be beneficial to all judges, magistrates, lawyers, court administrators and law school teachers to have a bird's eye view of the law.


Air insulation and solid insulation are the most common approaches to achieve adequate electrical insulation. However, with the increase in instances of high-frequency voltage stress, there are important differences in dimensioning these product safety approaches. This paper discusses the phenomenon of partial discharge, and its impact on the behavior of clearances, creepage distances, and solid insulation respectively. To shorten the learning curve for a new procedure for determining clearances, a flowchart developed to identify the key distinguishing factors to be considered is also presented. Finally, a case study of an example switch mode power supply is discussed.


Genetic variation and differentiation in 326 white-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virgin-ianus ) from Allegany and Garrett counties, Maryland, were examined by horizontal starch gel electrophoresis. Of 57 loci examined, 18 were polymorphic. Patterns of frequency distribution of alleles at polymorphic loci indicate considerable genetic heterogeneity within deer from western Maryland; differentiation of deer populations was observed over short geographical distances. The genetic character of the deer of western Maryland is thought to be strongly influenced by natural selection, genetic drift, and the hunting regime.


A new structural map of the Paleozoic crust of the Pyrenees based on an extensive compilation and new kinematic data allows for the evaluation of the mechanical coupling between the upper and lower crust of the abnormally hot foreland of the Variscan orogen of SW Europe. We document partitioning between coeval lower crustal lateral flow and upper crustal thickening between 310 and 290 Ma under an overall dextral transpressive regime. Partitioning also involved syn-convergence transtensional gneiss domes emplacement during this period. Late orogen-normal shortening of the domes and strain localization in steep crustal-scale transpressive shear zones reflects increasing coupling between the lower crust and the upper crust. The combination of dextral transpression and eastward flow in the Pyrenees results from the shortening and lateral escape of a hot buoyant crust along the inner northern limb of the closing Cantabrian orocline at the core of the Iberian-Armorican arc between ca. 305 and 295 Ma. Delamination or thermal erosion of the lithosphere enhanced orocline closure and explains (1) the switch from crust-to mantle-derived magmatism in the Iberian-Armorican arc and (2) the abnormally hot and soft character of the Pyrenean crust that escaped the closing syntax.


Parking revenue control systems, in order to be effective, need to provide amenities that will meet the needs of both operators and customers. Four key features of a responsive parking access and revenue control system (PARCS) are discussed in this article: operational efficiency, user-friendliness, reliability, and flexibility. The article describes the reasons why a parking facilities manager sought out a new system and what this new system in turn offered. Some of the features determined to be advantageous included: operating software for storing transactions, more and advanced payment methods to help maximize revenues, flexible and modular pay stations, and preventive maintenance programs.


The invention claims a speed reducer mechanical arm and manipulator the speed reducing motor has: The inner circumference is formed with several gears the gear ring; And the outer circumference is formed with several gears and joggled with the gear ring of the first rotary gear; Can be corresponding to the first rotary gear in rotational manner is set on the first rotary gear the central position of the first eccentric cam; Is set on the first eccentric cam and the first eccentric cam to rotate so as to make the first rotary gear around the centre axis of revolution the first rotating shaft; Inserted into the is set on the first revolution gear of the first through hole of the transfixion pin; Transfixion pin and connecting structure and the first of revolution gear to rotate caused by the rotating output of the second rotating shaft; And the first through hole and the transfixion pin and between the first through hole and through pin is contacted with the first elastic part the first elastic part and the transfixion pin the contacting position of the area of the sum of than the first elastic part and the first through hole and the contact position of the area of the total amount.


General, Comparative, and Transnational Adamson, Walter L. Embattled Avant-Gardes: Modernism's Resistance to Commodity Culture in Europe. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2007. Anderson, Perry. e Origins of Postmodernity. London ; New York: Verso, 1998. Arendt, Hannah. e Origins of Totalitarianism. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Co., 1951. Bayly, C. A.e Birth of the Modern World, 1780-1914: Global Connections and Comparisons. e Blackwell History of theWorld. Malden, MA: Blackwell Pub, 2004. Berg, Maxine, and Pat Hudson. "Rehabilitating the Industrial Revolution." e Economic History Review 45, no. 1 (February 1992): 24. doi:10.2307/2598327. Calinescu, Matei. Five Faces of Modernity: Modernism, Avant-Garde, Decadence, Kitsch, Postmodernism. Durham: Duke University Press, 1987. Cohen, Deborah. e War Come Home Disabled Veterans in Britain and Germany, 1914-1939. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001. De Grazia, Victoria. Irresistible Empire: America's Advance through Twentieth-Century Europe. Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2005.


The environmental problems are mainly consequences from a too strong belief in traditional engineering and economic growth as the solution. An important human step against ignorance should be to understand that the real world processes involving energy and matter need to be linked to the environmental engineering education, design and operation. Energy systems involving coversion chain processes are highly irreversible and, consequently, they could have low exergy efficiencies. This study aimed at examining an underground railway train as a system where different energy forms occur, so that the successive energy conversion chain is emphasized and the energy and exergy efficiencies, respectively, are compared. Also, because at low speed the mechanical brake can't be avoid, among the environment issues, from viewpoint of exergy efficiency, a special aspect is represented by an abnormal but frequent situation of train operation, concerning the unequal charge of the traction induction motors. In this application there are presented numerical simulations and experimental data related to unequally charged motors regime. The exergy analysis can help improve and optimize the underground transportation system design and operation, but also represents an environmental engineering education example.


A fast approach is presented to simplify building polygons which extends and improves early line simplification algorithms based on local processing.It takes continuous adjacent four points as the basic unit and minimum visible length threshold under the target scale as generalization parameter considering the right-angled formation and area of buildings to be kept.Definitions of the structure of different adjacent four-point combinations,namely,Z-structure and U-structure,and ways to distinguish and processing them are proposed.Through selecting a start point,taking serial neighboring four points from a building polygon continually,simply discriminating their structural feature and displacing or deleting some of them,this method preliminarily completes the simplification of the building polygon when all different four-point groups of it have been simplified.Then whole examination is taken to solve the problem of self-intersection.Finally several simplification experiments are conducted to discuss the selection scheme of the start point and test the feasibility of the method,which turns out to be satisfying.


The discussion is no longer whether to use a Picture Archiving and Communications System (PACS). The fundamental question is whether to use a departmental or modality oriented system or to implement a Full Hospital PACS. There is a vast difference in the approaches that goes beyond simple cost justification. A Full Hospital PACS promises to fundamentally change the paradigm of radiological consultation as digital images with improved availability, accuracy, speed and economy become available to all of the physicians of the hospital any place and at any time. Certainly there will be savings in film and staffing for film rooms as the hospital goes primarily filmless. The benefits to the hospital and to the patient go far beyond these savings, resulting in hours saved per day for each radiologist, clinician, and support staff at the hospital. Measures of radiologist productivity are changing as the images become available to the clinician at the same time as they are available to the radiologist. Marked increases in patient exams performed have been measured. Radiology procedure backlogs have been reduced. The benefit to the patient is access to better medical care on short notice and with reduced costs. The ramifications of a Full Hospital PACS go beyond cost justification on savings using existing methodology to the consideration of whole new possibilities such as real time studies, time sequenced trend analysis, and an evolution to telemedicine.


In the present paper,two different casing treatment configurations were designed firstly to enhance the stall margin of a small size centrifugal compressor stage.The results indicate that traditional inlet recirculation at impeller inlet does not extend the stall margin of the stage,and the circumferential grooves only extend the stall margin by about 2.41%.Thus a new type casing treatment configuration which adopts inlet recirculation and circumferential grooves simultaneously was proposed in this paper.The results indicate that the new configuration expends the stall margin by about 13.25%.


This article focuses on the novel att våga vara… [to dare being…] (1948) based on the life of the explorer Isabelle Eberhardt (1877–1904), by the Swedish author Ulla Bjerne (1890–1969). Annotations in her diary as well as Eberhardt's diary and biography, are in addition taken into account, read as examples of female situated embodiment and part of a feminist nomadic practice, as elaborated by Rosi Bradidotti, in Bjerne's aim to give representation to a new type of woman. It entails resistance to hegemonic, fixed and exclusionary views on feminine subjectivity, the affirmation of movement and the process of becoming, and the construction of new conceptions and images of women. The central hypothesis in the article is that travelling in att våga vara… has a potential to nomadize the female subject both literally and figuratively, in the quest to give representation to a situated, embodied female subjectivity, in both body and word.


Objective The aim is to apply RCA technique to improve the nosocomial infection work in the mental hospital continuously.Methods Follow the step as to establish RCA project organization,carry out the RCA analysis,analyze with fishbone diagram,and then the improvement measures were set.The data were compared before and after these measures were adopted.The indices include the RCA medical staff hand hygiene rate and qualified rate,the medical staff courtyard sanki examination qualified rate,the rate of usage of antibiotics,and the qualified rate.Results the χ2test has showed that medical staff hand hygiene rate and qualified rate,the medical staff courtyard sanki examination qualified rate,and the rate of usage of antibiotics were of signification difference between before and after enforcing the RCA(P 0.05),but the qualification rate of use of antibiotics was no statistically significant difference(P 0.05).Conclusion The application of RCA management can strongly promote the hospital infection control work,typically for those problems of high frequency,high potential risk and difficult to supervise.It is conform to the concept of prevention in the infection control work.


In the second half of the twentieth century, scientists learned how to clone some species of mammals. Scientists have applied somatic cell nuclear transfer [6] to clone human and mammalian embryos as a means to produce stem cells [7] for laboratory and medical use. Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is a technology applied in cloning [8], stem cell research, and regenerative medicine [9]. Somatic cells are cells that have gone through the differentiation [10] process and are not germ cells. Somatic cells donate their nuclei, which scientists transplant into eggs after removing their nucleuses (enucleated eggs). Therefore, in SCNT, scientists replace the nucleus [11] in an egg [12] cell with the nucleus [11] from a somatic cell [13].


DEVELOPMENT OF DERIVATIVES WITH THE SUFFIX *- mo - Summary Adjectives with the suffix *- mo - have been formed from substantives (cf. Lith. tolimas / tolymas and Latv. dial. tuol'eims 'distant'; Pruss. * auktimas 'high'; Skr. agrima - 'the first, who is at the head') and verbs (cf. Lith. dial. apsukmas 'sewn round', pliuksmas 'deflated, limp'; OLith. laimas 'happy' and Pruss. etnīstislaims (gnadenreich) III 63 1 ; Lith. linksmas and Latv. liksms 'merry, gay, joyfull', Gmc. * werma - 'warm', Skr. bhīma - 'terrible, frightfull', Toch. A, B campamo - 'well-to-do, rich', Hitt. kisamma - 'combed') from the Late Proto-Indo-European. The gratest part of them became participles in the Baltic, Slavic and Albanian languages. On the other hand, the use of derivatives with the suffix *- mo - in the position of abstract nouns is also very old, cf. semanticaly concretized and derivationaly indissoluble abstract noun, in herited from Proto-Indo-European, Lith. dmas ( dmai ), Latv. dũmi , Pruss. dumis (rauch) E 39, Slav. * dym ъ , Latv. fūmus , Skr. dhūmo - 'smoke' and Gk. θῡ‑μός with abstract meaning 'soal, vitality, passion,    need' : d h e-/d h -/d h ū - 'blow; breathe; choke; smoke; rush; disperse; whirl, move, stir'. In the East Baltic languages abstract nouns with the derived suffixes, based on *- mo -, became productive, cf. nomina actionis with *- i-mo - in Lithuanian (cf. gyvẽnimas 'life') and corresponding derivatives with *- u-mo - in Latvian (cf. ieradums 'custom, habit').


This book is a quantitative analysis in a carefully articulated historical framework of the relationships between foreign trade, tariff policies, and economic development. A major contribution is the calculation of a variety of interesting series that fill gaps in the official statistics and indicate previously unexplored correlations. These, of course, will be of greatest interest to specialists, but none of this should scare off the reader with more general interests. The book is carefully organized and well written. The tables and graphs are clearly interpreted in the text. And the more statistical and purely analytical aspects of Professor Bairoch's study do not get in the way of his conveying a sense of drama about the nineteenth-century European economic achievement and the way in which the various nations met the challenge of the star performer, Great Britain. The nineteenth century, most often characterized by Professor Bairoch as the period 1815 to 1913, offers the observer nearly a hundred years when economic development and foreign trade grew at relatively rapid rates undisturbed by major wars or economic crises, at least as the twentieth century was to experience them. Indeed, the value of foreign trade, expressed as a percentage of gross national product, reached an importance it was not to have again until the 1970s. Also the period produced the fullest experiment in free trade (1860-1879) until our times. And conveniently for purposes of comparative analysis, the latter was preceded and followed by periods of protectionism of varying degrees of severity. The most interesting of Professor Bairoch's findings deal with the putative benefits of free trade. Liberalization of tariffs, it was believed by free-trade advocates in the nineteenth century (and their counterparts today), would speed up economic growth, stimulate innovation and plant investment, attenuate disparition in economic development, and level disparities of price in the factors of production. It did none of these things, most often producing opposite results such as slowing down growth rates and widening development gaps. Professor Bairoch also calculates that, although there were obvious reciprocating relationships between foreign trade and economic development, in general it was economic growth or development that stimulated foreign trade rather than vice-versa, as many free-trade advocates thought. Free trade was, of course, a success for Great Britain. But it was a success precisely because of the disparity in development between Great Britain and the continent. According to Professor Bairoch's calculations, after 1880 when the continental nations began the return to protectionism, their growth and export rates began to increase again after being virtually stagnant or regressing during the free trade years. Also, according to Professor Bairoch's calculations, when Great Britain clung


Reporting prothrombin times used to monitor warfarin therapy as an international normalized ratio (INR) has been proposed as a way to eliminate interlaboratory differences in test results caused by the use of thromboplastins with different sensitivities [1-4]. The INR is calculated by raising the prothrombin time ratio (PTR; the patient's prothrombin time divided by a reference normal prothrombin time) to the power of a coefficient known as the international sensitivity index (ISI). This coefficient relates the sensitivity for monitoring warfarin therapy of a given thromboplastin to the sensitivity of the World Health Organization's first primary international reference preparation of thromboplastin, which was assigned an ISI of 1.0 [5]. Thromboplastins less sensitive than this international reference preparation of thromboplastin to decreased levels of the vitamin K-dependent clotting factors have proportionately higher ISI values. In 1992, a prothrombin time ratio was still used to monitor warfarin therapy at our medical center. The ratio was determined for inpatients from a plasma prothrombin time and for outpatients from a capillary whole-blood prothrombin time measurement system (the Coumatrak portable monitor [Du Pont Pharmaceuticals; Wilmington, Delaware]). To prepare for reporting prothrombin time results as INRs, we compared the INRs as routinely determined by the capillary monitor in a large group of outpatients on maintenance warfarin therapy with the INRs as determined by plasma prothrombin times done with six commonly used thromboplastins. We also measured the prothrombin time by the so-called prothrombin-proconvertin (P&P) method [6], residual plasma native prothrombin antigen [7], and specific prothrombin (factor II) activity [8]. Methods One hundred plasma samples were collected from 79 patients between 8 April and 20 May 1992 at seven weekly sessions of the outpatient anticoagulant clinic of the University of California, San Diego, Medical Center. All samples except one were obtained from patients who had taken warfarin for longer than 14 days. All patients gave informed consent. After the Coumatrak prothrombin time was measured, 4.5 mL of venous blood was collected in a siliconized BD Vacutainer tube (Becton-Dickinson; Rutherford, New Jersey) containing 0.5 mL of 3.2% sodium citrate and sent to the medical center's Special Coagulation Laboratory. All subsequent handling and testing were done by the same experienced medical technologist who followed the routine techniques used in this laboratory. Platelet-poor plasma was prepared within 2 hours of the time of sampling by centrifugation at 3000 rpm for 15 minutes at room temperature. In the early afternoon, when all samples for a given day had been processed, prothrombin times were done on each sample with six thromboplastin reagents. The plasma samples were then stored at 70C for subsequent measurement of the P&P percent activity, specific prothrombin (factor II) activity, and native prothrombin antigen. This protocol was adopted after a preliminary experiment was done in which blood samples from five patients were divided into two aliquots and allowed to stand for either 2 hours or 5 hours before separating the plasma and measuring the prothrombin time. The prothrombin time values, as measured with three different thromboplastins, did not differ significantly for the paired samples (data not shown). In addition, virtually identical P&P test results were obtained on fresh plasma samples from five patients and on these samples after they had been stored frozen for 1 week. Control Pooled Plasma The normal plasma used to obtain the prothrombin time ratio for plasma prothrombin times was the routine control pooled plasma of the Special Coagulation Laboratory. This plasma is prepared by pooling plasma obtained by the technique described above from blood collected in 1/10 volume of a buffered citrate anticoagulant (0.06 mol/L sodium citrate plus 0.04 mol/L citric acid) from between 15 and 20 healthy donors. It is stored in small aliquots at 70C. The prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time of the plasma from each donor had to be within 2 standard deviations (SD) of the mean of the individual plasma samples from the donors that were included in the laboratory's previous batch of control pooled plasma. Coagulation Assays Capillary Blood Prothrombin Time (Coumatrak) This test was done by two experienced practitioners on finger-stick blood. The thromboplastin used in the cartridge for the Coumatrak instrument had an ISI of 2.04. The value for a normal prothrombin time was set by the instrument at 12 s, and the prothrombin time ratio and INR were provided by the instrument as a direct readout. Prothrombin Time Assays The prothrombin times were done on an Electra 800 (Medical Laboratory Automation; Pleasantville, New York). The six thromboplastins, made available by sales representatives of the manufacturers, were Thromboplastin C (Dade C; ISI, 2.88), Thromboplastin C-plus (Dade C-plus; ISI, 2.03), and Thromboplastin IS (Dade IS; ISI, 1.27) from Dade division, Baxter Scientific Products, Miami, Florida; Simplastin Excel (Excel; ISI, 1.99 or 2.04 for two lots used) and Simplastin Excel-S (Excel-S; ISI, 1.34) from Organon Teknica, Durham, North Carolina; and Ortho Brain Thromboplastin (Ortho; ISI, 2.30) from Ortho, Raritan, New Jersey. Prothrombin time ratios for assays done with each thromboplastin were calculated using a normal value obtained with each thromboplastin for each run with the control pooled plasma. The mean clotting times ( SD, n = 7) of the control pooled plasma with the different thromboplastins were as follows: Dade C, 11.8 0.2 s; Dade C-plus, 12.2 0.2 s; Dade IS, 13.7 0.2 s; Excel, 11.7 0.1 s; Excel-S, 13.4 0.2 s; and Ortho, 12.7 0.3 s. The INR was calculated as INR = PTRISI with the manufacturer's value for the photo-optical ISI as given in the package insert. Prothrombin-Proconvertin Test This test was done according to the manufacturer's instructions with Simplastin A (Organon Teknika), which is the source not only of the thromboplastin (ISI, 1.70) and CaCl2 but of an optimal concentration of factor V and fibrinogen. The test plasma was diluted in saline 1:10, which sensitized the assay to small changes in the prothrombin, factor VII, and factor X activity of the sample. Clotting times were determined with an ST-4 semi-automated coagulometer (Diagnostica Stago; Parsippany, New Jersey). A log-log plot of clotting times against dilutions of control pooled plasma in saline between 1:10 and 1:80 yielded linear standard reference curves. The clotting time of the 1:10 dilution of the control pooled plasma was assigned a value of 100% P&P activity, and clotting times of test samples were converted into percent of the control pooled plasma activity. Specific Prothrombin Assay (Factor II) Prothrombin activity was assayed by a one-stage assay in which a mixture of 100 L of a prothrombin-depleted human serum/barium-adsorbed bovine plasma reagent [8] and 100 L of a 1:10 to 1:40 dilution of test plasma were clotted by the addition of 200 L of a thromboplastin C reagent containing CaCl2. Clotting times were converted to percent normal plasma prothrombin activity from a log-log standard curve prepared with dilutions of control pooled plasma. Native Prothrombin Antigen Assay Plasma native prothrombin antigen concentration was measured with native prothrombin antigen enzyme immunoassay kits provided by Organon Teknika. Color was measured at 450 nm with a Thermomax enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay reader (Molecular Devices; Menlo Park, California). Results Relations between the Prothrombin Time Ratio and International Normalized Ratio Values Obtained with Six Thromboplastins and with the Coumatrak Monitor The thromboplastins used in this study had ISI values ranging from 1.27 to 2.88 (see Methods). Dade Thromboplastin IS (Dade IS; ISI, 1.27) was the most sensitive of the thromboplastins and was therefore selected as the standard against which we compared data obtained with the other thromboplastins. In an initial analysis, the prothrombin time values obtained with the Coumatrak capillary monitor and with Dade IS were plotted both as prothrombin time ratios Figure 1, A) and as INR values (Figure 1, B). Because of the different ISI values for the Coumatrak monitor and Dade IS, the slope of the linear regression line for the data plotted as prothrombin time ratios, 0.36 (r = 0.87, n = 100), clearly differed from 1. The slope of the regression line of the data plotted as INRs, 0.84 (r = 0.90, n = 100), was closer to 1, which is the theoretically expected slope when plotting INR values against each other. Figure 1. Plots of Coumatrak monitor data as a function of plasma prothrombin time data. A. r n B. INRs r n The linear regression lines obtained by plotting the prothrombin time ratios obtained from all of the other thromboplastins and from the Coumatrak monitor as a function of the prothrombin time ratios obtained with Dade IS are shown in Figure 2 A. The slopes of the linear regression lines varied between 0.38 to 0.88. The individual prothrombin time ratios obtained for a given sample varied with the sensitivity of the thromboplastin. Thus, a sample that gave a prothrombin time ratio with Dade C (ISI, 2.88) of 1.5 gave a prothrombin time ratio with Dade IS (ISI, 1.27) of 2.3. Figure 2. Linear regression lines derived from prothrombin time ratios and from international normalized ratios. A. B. The prothrombin time ratios that yielded the regression lines of Figure 2A were then converted into INRs and plotted against the INRs obtained with Dade IS Figure 2B. The slopes of the resultant linear regression lines varied between 0.96 to 1.97, with a correlation coefficient range of 0.96 to 0.98. Thus, converting prothrombin time ratios to INRsby use of the ISI given in the thromboplastin package inserts and clotting times obtained on the sam


The weak self-strength and non-marketing exterior environment are two restrictive factors in the city commercial bank's development.Thereinto,the inside restrictive factors are following: the lack of efficient capital replenishment system;the finite method of disposing ill capital;the weak financial innovation and simplex profit source;the disequilibrium of informationization and low total level;the sort of financial talents and low level of risk management;the disharmonious management system and non-perfect corporate governance;the ambiguous market positioning and development trend.The exterior restrictive factors are following: the rate hike increases operational pressure;the RMB appreciation adds exchange liquidity risk;the marketization of interest rate enlarge interest rate;the development of capital market leads to capital and client diversion;the imbalance regional economy causes bank polarization;the small total scale induces weak risk resistance capacity;the inequality financial policy hinds bank's development;the swarming foreign capital bank and deepening banking reform make competition fierce.Finally,we give out the countermeasures respectively from angle of city commercial bank,central government,local government and small and medium enterprises.


Interferometric metrology in which transverse or in-plane measurements are made is discussed. This technique can measure the displacements of diffusely scattering surfaces with microinch resolution and accuracies on the order of 0.01 percent and the displacements of relatively coarse scales with submicroinch precision and an accuracy determined by the scale itself at speeds over 100 ft/sec. The measurement principle and geometry are described and the measurement of the interferometric phase is addressed. The system design is presented.


In order to ensure reasonable setting and security requirements of wooden support system in construction of cast-in-place floor of houses,based upon checking calculation of strength and stability relationships among diameter,spacing and security of wooden support system are determined,which provides theoretical references for wooden support system setting in construction of cast-in-place floor of houses.


We give necessary and sufficient conditions under which the factors in the polar decomposition of a semigroup homomorphism are themselves semigroup homomorphisms.


Mix vaudevillian slapstick with crisp, witty language. Add a song or two in the style of Gilbert and Sullivan. Try doing a whole scene in limericks. How about a shell game using humans popping in and out of shower stalls? Maybe add some really funny Communist-bloc shenanigans. Set it on a verandah in India or in the secret byways of Hamlet's Elsinore Castle. Why not open eyes with a striptease act dangling from a trapeze? Maybe parody the work of Agatha Christie, or play fast and loose with Oscar Wilde. Or how about taking on Shakespeare himself? How about a play about a rather minor, uncharismatic English academic? And make it about love. Maybe re-create a ferry-ride across the River Styx, and figure out a way to get the Greek god Pan into the modern world, using classic rock to do it. In a nutshell, that's the theater of Tom Stoppard. Clearly, for Tom Stoppard the world is anything but serene and orderly. But disorder for Stoppard is not only an inescapable condition; its presence is in many cases cause for celebration. His is a far cry from the ennui-ridden existentialism or absurdist despair that occupies the thoughts of many of his contemporaries. In other words, well before the phrase "chaos theory" made its way into popular discourse, Stoppard was working beyond Newtonian linearity and striving for a way to make some sort of sense of the disorderly nonlinearity of existence. In short, from virtually the beginning of his career, Tom Stoppard was a proto-chaotician. In this essay, I will explore, first, how viewing Stoppard's work from the 1960s to 1980s from this perspective enhances our understanding of his career, and, second, how once he discovered chaos theory in the 1980s, he responded to it in Arcadia in his own distinctive way.


Melani McAlister's essay on US evangelical "enchanted internationalism" is a genuine gift: insightful, provocative, critical, yet generous, it both invites and deserves "thinking along" rather than challenges, rebuttals, or corrections. In what follows, I pursue two lines of thought in McAlister's essay, one having to do with the constitution of internationalism in contemporary US evangelical culture, and the other having to do with ways in which "enchanted internationalism" might be theoretically and historically situated within the vast phenomenon we call modernity. With respect to the former, I want to suggest the importance of the "look" in contemporary US evangelical internationalism, understood both as a kind of gaze or look of the eyes, and as aesthetic, or appearance. With regard to the latter, I want to suggest the continuities twenty-first-century evangelical enchanted internationalism might have with twentieth-century US liberal (theologically and politically) Protestantism, as well as with the eighteenthcentury rise of the "aesthetic." I start with a video found on YouTube featuring Caedmon's Call's "Dalit Hymn," apparently produced independently of the band, using the music as a kind of inspirational soundtrack accompanying an edited series of shots from the sort of missions trip McAlister describes in her piece. 1 Indeed, one thing that needs to be noted about this "Dalit Hymn" video, and other videos like it, is how it functions as a video travelogue. It consists of snapshots of foreign places and faces, and the aesthetic alternates between, and even blends together, the candid shot and the scene of spectacle, the mundane and the spectacular. This travelogue aesthetic could be attributed simply to the typical practices of picture-taking


The authors discuss how attaining various standards of professionalism has inadvertently resulted in challenges to professional counselors' collective identity. The authors reviewed interviews with senior contributors to the profession published in the Journal of Counseling & Development, identifying themes in their comments to suggest potential solutions to helping professional counselors find unity in diversity.


Carolina chickadees sing songs characterized by obvious frequency changes between adjacent notes. Several songbird species have been suggested to use the pitch interval cues available from frequency ratios in their song for song recognition. We evaluated whether Carolina chickadees use pitch interval cues in song recognition using playback of song in the field to territorial males as a response assay. In contrast to previous studies, we found a similar response to songs with altered frequency ratios as to those with normal ratios, suggesting that pitch interval cues are not important for song recognition in Carolina chickadees. We also demonstrate that Carolina chickadees do not distinguish between recordings of naturally produced songs and songs synthesized using measured parameters of natural songs, validating our approach to experimental manipulation of song parameters. Our results indicate that different songbird species may be using different mechanisms for recognizing conspecifics.


There has been an accelerating interest in forecasting the weather and climate within the subseasonal time range. The Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO), an organized envelope of tropical convection, is recognized as one of the leading sources of subseasonal predictability. This review synthesizes the latest progress regarding the MJO predictability and prediction. During the past decade, the MJO prediction skill in dynamical prediction systems has exceeded the skill of empirical predictions. Such improvement has been mainly attributed to more observations and computer resources, advances in theoretical understanding, and improved numerical models aided in part by multinational efforts through field campaigns and multimodel experiments. The state-of-the-art dynamical forecasts have shown MJO prediction skill up to 5 weeks. Prediction skill can be extended by improving the ensemble generation approach tailored for MJO prediction and by averaging multiensembles or multimodels. MJO prediction skill can be influenced by the tropical mean state and low-frequency climate mode variations, as well as by the extratropical circulation. MJO prediction skill is proven to be sensitive to model physics, ocean–atmosphere coupling, and quality of initial conditions, while the impact of the model resolution seems to be marginal. Remaining challenges and recommendations on new research avenues to fully realize the predictability of the MJO are discussed.


The challenges associated with meso- and submesoscale variability (between 1-100 km) require high-resolution observations and integrated approaches. Here we describe a major oceanographic experiment designed to capture the intense but transient vertical motions associated with mesoscale and submesoscale features in an area characterized by strong fronts. Finescale processes were studied in the eastern Alboran Sea (Western Mediterranean) about 400 km east of the Strait of Gibraltar, a relatively sparsely sampled area. In-situ systems were coordinated with satellite data to provide a full description of the physical and biogeochemical variability. Hydrographic data confirmed the presence of an intense salinity front formed by the confluence of Atlantic Waters, entering from Gibraltar, with the local Mediterranean waters. The drifters coherently followed the northeastern limb of an anticyclonic gyre. Near real time data from acoustic current meter data profiler showed consistent patterns with currents of up to 1m/s in the southern part of the sampled domain. High-resolution glider data revealed submesoscale structures with tongues of chlorophyll-a and oxygen associated with the frontal zone. Numerical results show large vertical excursions of tracers that could explain the subducted tongues and filaments captured by ocean gliders. A unique aspect of AlborEx is the combination of high-resolution synoptic measurements of vessel-based measurements, autonomous sampling, remote sensing and modeling, enabling the evaluation of the underlying mechanisms responsible for the observed distributions and biogeochemical patchiness. The main findings point to the importance of fine-scale processes enhancing the vertical exchanges between the upper ocean and the ocean interior.


Abstract In the Kandanghaur - Cemara area hydrocarbons have accumulated in reservoirs of pre-Parigi stratigraphic units overlying the Pre-Tertiary basement. Lithologically the reservoirs are somewhat complex, consisting of volcanic tuff, conglomerate, sandstone and carbonate. Due to facies changes within certain stratigraphic units, the hydrocarbon distribution is discontinous laterally as well as vertically. Combination traps are characteristic of the area. Dealing with these kinds of traps, an optimization of the seismic field data quality and improvement of the data processing are simultaneously needed to delineate the accumulations more accurately. For a proper assessment as well as to avoid unneccessary condemation of the prospect, increasing the density of wells would consequently be very helpful. Structures seem to be related mostly to the relative downward movements of the piled sediments over the high - low pre-Tertiary basement fault blocks. In such cases the present reservoir depth then determines the maximum burial of the reservoirs. Geochemical analyses reveal that the hydrocarbons accumulated in the lower stratigraphic units (Jatibarang Volcanics, Lower Cibulakan) and also, most probably, in the upper units (Upper Cibulakan) originate from the Talang Akar section. Vertical fractures seem to be important for the hydrocarbon migration into the upper units. The high temperatures taken from Drill Steam Tests are probably related to the recent volcanic influence and are higher than the paleo temperatures indicated by maturation evaluation.


STEVE ROGAN, ARTEC MACHINE SYSTEMS, USA, PRESENTS A CASE STUDY WHERE A GEAR TOOTH COUPLING WAS REPLACED WITH A FLEXIBLE DISC COUPLING.


MSC, Purdue University, May 2019. Photoplythesmogram (PPG) Signal Reliability Analysis in a Wearable Sensor-Kit. Major Professor: Mireille Boutin. In recent years, there has been an increase in the popularity of wearable sensors such as electroencephalography (EEG) sensors, electromyography (EMG) sensors, gyroscopes, accelerometers, and photoplethysmography (PPG) sensors. This work is focused on PPG sensors, which are used to measure heart rate in real time. They are currently used in many commercial products such as Fitbit Watch and Muse Headband . Due to their low cost and relative implementation simplicity, they are easy to add to custom-built wearable devices. We built an Arduino-based wearable wrist sensor-kit that consists of a PPG sensor in addition to other low cost commercial biosensors to measure biosignals such as pulse rate, skin temperature, skin conductivity, and hand motion. The purpose of the sensor-kit is to analyze the effects of stress on students in a classroom based on changes in their biometric signals. We noticed some failures in the measured PPG signal, which could negatively affect the accuracy of our analysis. We conjectured that one of the causes of failure is movement. Therefore, in this thesis, we build automatic failure detection methods and use these methods to study the effect of movement on the signal. Using the sensor-kit, PPG signals were collected in two settings. In the first setting, the participants were in a still sitting position. These measured signals were manually labeled and used in signal analysis and method development. In the second setting, the signals were acquired in three different scenarios with increasing levels of activity. These measured signals were used to investigate the effect of movement on the reliability of the PPG sensor.


Hospicesinpredominatelyruraland poorareasrequirecarefulplanningand effective use of limited resources. Urban modelsarenot always applicable.Expansionofhospiceprogramsin rural areasis likely to be difficult and expensive. This is a descriptionof the North CentralFloridaHospice,(NCFH)asit grew from serving personsin one somewhatsuburbancountyto an 11 countyruralareaofnorthFlorida.The hospicebeganits expansionefforts in 1985.Active growthof NCFH wifi be completedin theearly1990's.Thisarticle doesnotincludeinfonnationabout hospiceneed assessment techniques. HickeyandByrneprovideinformation on needassessment.1'2'3


Analysis of how the group of literatos, Maranhense founders of the Academy of Arts, forged and benefits of myths, rites and ideologies to justify and legitimize, through institutional bias, the existence of this agremiacao that, in reality, was to give priority to its members social recognition.


New data are presented for the low-field magnetisation and susceptibility of various Y9Co7 samples of difference metallurgical quality. These indicate the hysteresis at 4.2K is associated with imperfections, as in some PdCo alloys, and that not true long-range ferromagnetism sets in on cooling before superconductivity occurs. In the best sample the 4.2K Arrott plot is clearly not ferromagnetic; in the poorest samples the hysteresis persists to 15K and is accompanied by a weak feature in the AC susceptibility.


Microstructure of Si(001):H Czochralski grown single crystalline wafer with 50 nm thick surface Si02 layer is investigated. Hydrogen dose implantation (D ≤ 4x10l6cm-2) results in a creation of porous (spongy) -like buried Si layer.


This paper develops a method for constructing an OFDM signal from a pair of complementary sequences so that the resulting signal is constant-modulus. A recursive method of constructing complementary sequences is developed such that the length of the signal grows linearly with the number of information symbols encoded. The constant-modulus property is exploited at each stage of the backwards symbol-decoding iteration through simple means to progressively reduce noise. For diversity comparing purposes, the new scheme is compared in symbol and frame error rates to m-PSK transmission with time-diversity in AWGN. The constant-modulus signal construction is then extended to two dimensions for the motivating application where we expect this work to have the greatest impact: massive MIMO at mmWave frequencies.


While the incidence of presacral bleeding during rectal mobilization is low, when it occurs, the bleeding may be massive and even fatal. Therefore, effective hemostasis is critical. Herein we report a case in which we successfully used a saline bag tamponade to treat life-threatening presacral hemorrhage that occurred in patient after abdominoperineal resection of the anal carcinoma.


With the development of economic globalization,commercials have become an important source for the enterprise and consumer to get information and promotion strategy.In this historical trend,advertising English has become a language that has its distinctive style,different from general English.This thesis intends to analyze the linguistic features of advertising English from the perspective of foreground theory in functional stylistics in the aim of helping advertising creators create more excellent English advertisements.


The features of "glorification and deification" are reflected in young chivalrous swordswoman body narrative in The Story of Swordsman from Shushan.This narrative strategy displays writer's female worship unconsciousness and self imagination essence.But the real origin of this narrative mode is the psychological expectation of the readers,writer and the society.


Virtual reality (VR) has been becoming increasingly prevalent in daily lives of humans in various settings. One of the concerns for this technology in becoming mainstream is the isolation caused by today's occlusive headsets. An aspect of isolation is related to restricted nonverbal communication between headset-wearing and outside users. To address this gap, we developed "Googly Eyes", a system that acts for the outside users as a window into the eyes of the headset-wearing user. On a smartphone display that was attached to a FOVE head-mounted display (HMD), user's eye movements were visualized in real time using eye-tracking data. Our main goal is to increase social communication between HMD and non-HMD users, hence increase social presence; and increase enjoyment through improved communication. This paper includes the motivation, design rationale, and implementation details of the Googly Eyes along with preliminary results from a pilot study session and preliminary user studies with a small cohort.


Received Feb 17, 2016 Revised Mar 27, 2016 Accepted Apr 14, 2016 The importance of power control feasibility is closely related to the direct implementation of femtocell technology, which is related to interference between users and to the optimal power usage to transmit which at the end it can save power and introduce a long-lasting battery. The power control feasibility study done in this paper is focused on a centralized femtocell network with a multi-channel user. The research method is based on the use of feasible solution algorithms by observing the output of power vector that should be a non-negative number. A non negative number indicates that power can be implemented. The result of this study indicates that all users can reach the specified SINR targets. SINR users will increase when there are additional channels for user groups. Moreover, the average power will also decrease while increasing the amount of provided channels. The greater number of users in a user group, the less SINR can be obtained. Keyword:


The paper examines psychological and didactic conditions of formation of the general competences and their realization. The author uses information competence as an example. The work describes the fragment of the program of competence formation, examples of tasks and levels and criteria of results.


The article explores the challenges posed by the dynamics of international intellectual property rights' rules and institutions over Latin American democracies. As new knowledge emerges as the center piece of the global economy, disputes over the rules determining its ownership become bitter but crucial.


The hospital outpatient amount is a seasonal time series with the character of complex nonlinear combination. The forecasting results based traditional forecast model with seasonal adjustment are not satisfied. This paper puts forward a seasonal neural network model to curve fitting analysis for nonlinearity and predict for the seasonal time series of outpatient amount. The paper discusses the designing ideas and realizing algorithms of the model. The simulation samples show that the precision of the curre fitting nonlinearity and prediction of this model is better than that of ARIMA seasonal product model. The model can reflect the dynamic characteristic of system and the seasonal time series connected characteristic of outpatient amount. Thus, a new way is obtained to predict the seasonal time series.


Editor's Note. This article is the second of two chapter reprints from "Manpower in the United States: Problems and Policies" scheduled for publication this year by Harper & Brothers . The volume is a collection of 16 essays by different authors and constitutes the annual publication of the Industrial Relations Research Association . The first article , " The Shortage of Creative Manpower ," by J . Douglas Brown , appeared in the May 1954 Monthly Labor Review .


Introduction Intra-cavitary imaging coils have been developed to achieve improvements in image signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the order of 5-10, such as those used for prostate, cardiac and arterial wall imaging. This increased local SNR can be used to generate higher spatial resolution. However, since both the anatomy and the coil are moving during imaging, imaging with such coils is more prone to motion artifacts. To resolve this issue, we propose integrating active MR-tracking coils into an intra-cavitary imaging coil for motion detection, and to perform prospective motion (rotation and translation) corrections in real-time [1], so that the entire image can be acquired in a "static" frame of reference. Method To test the feasibility of the proposed method, we constructed a Tetrahedral-shaped array of MR-tracking coils to provide motion information (Fig 1a,b). Four receive coils are fixed to its 4 vertices with a distance of 3cm from each other. The location of each coil is detected with a tracking sequence (Fig 1c), which includes a nonselective RF pulse followed by a gradient readout along a spatial axis [2]. A spoiler gradient in an orthogonal axis is used to eliminate background signal originating from the larger volume and coupling to the adjacent imaging coil, while preserving signal in the localized receive area of the coil. Peak location of the Fourier-transformed signal provides the coil location (Fig 1d). Since each coil is connected to an independent receive channel, their locations are detected simultaneously, from which rigid-body motion is calculated. The 3D shape of the Tetrahedral allows accurate 6-degree-of-freedom (DOF) motion detection (i.e. 3 rotations and 3 translations). This tracking sequence is integrated with a 2D-GRE pulse sequence. Before each imaging segment (encompassing one or several k-space lines) the tracking segment is added. Calculated motion parameters are fed back to the imaging sequence, for real-time adjustment of its gradient rotation matrix, RF excitation and receiver frequency, and phase, thus compensating for the motion. To further increase robustness, the motion parameters acquired after the imaging segment are compared with the ones taken before the segment. If motion exceeds a preset threshold, the acquired k-space lines in this segment are discarded since motion occurred during acquisition, and the same kspace segment is then re-acquired later on. Results The experiments were performed on a GE (Milwaukee, WI) 1.5T scanner. The tetrahedron was rigidly tied and integrated with multiple imaging coils. One such implementation, with a Medrad endorectal coil, is demonstrated (Fig. 1b). Proof-of-principle experiments were performed using a table rocking apparatus to simulate S/I motion with rapid motion (maximum speed 20mm/sec) followed by relatively "quiet" (motionless) periods. The tracking sequence tracks the motion at 20fps. Imaging was only performed when MR-Tracking detected "quiet" periods, based on below-threshold motion of 1 mm between adjacent tracking results. Imaging parameters: TR 17ms, TE 7ms, flip angle 30 ̊. Figure 2 shows motion correction results. Images (a) are coronal slices (resolution 0.7×0.7×3mm) where S/I motion is applied in the frequency encoding direction. Images (c) are axial slices (resolution 0.8×0.8×3mm) where motion is applied in the slice selection direction. (b) shows the 10 mm motion displacement. In this fast movement case, the prospective motion correction mainly acquires data in the upper and lower plateau periods. Most data acquired during fast motion (sloped periods) is discarded. Both inplane and through-plane motion correction show significant image quality improvement compared to the images without correction. Conclusion The proposed prospective motion correction using a Tetrahedron tracking coil removes motion artifacts that are frequently encountered with intracavitary coil imaging. In-vivo experiments will be performed in the near future. Reference [1] Qin L, et al, Magn Reson Med, 2009. 62:924-934. [2] Dumoulin CL, et al. Magn Reson Med, 1993; 29: 411-415. Fig.2 (a) Prospective motion correction in a moving ex-vivo swine heart using tetrahedral-based tracking. (a) in-plane motion correction, left: stationary image; middle: moving without correction; right: moving with correction; (b) moving pattern detected with tracking coils; (c) through-plane motion correction, left: stationary image; middle: moving without correction; right: moving with correction. b a b c


Abstract : The memorandum contains the results of the tests performed on 20 corrugated panels. he panels were tested in 4 groups of 5 panels at 4 different overall sound pressure levels to obtain test results with a high level of confidence. The data reported include mode shapes, panel damping ratios, linearity of response, fatigue life and failure location. The test facility, test fixture, noise sources, testing techniques and instrumentation are described. (Author


Objective To identify the factors of no-reflow during emergency percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI).Methods A total of 92patients with acute STEMI treated with PCI were divided into normal reflow group(73patients)and no-reflow group(19patients)from June2012to January 2013.The influencing factors of no-reflow were clarified by comparing clinical symptoms of the two groups.Results The no-reflow rate after undergoing emergency PCI was 20.7% in 92acute STEMI patients.The systolic blood pressure(SBP),type 2diabetes,troponin T peak,period from disease onset to reperfusion,balloon expansion times and stent number of the target blood vessel were significantly different between the two groups(P0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified that low SBP(SBP100mmHg,1mmHg=0.133kPa),type 2diabetes,balloon expansion times,troponin T peak,right coronary artery lesions and period from disease onset to reperfusion were the risk factors for noreflow during PCI in patients with STEMI.Conclusion No-reflow following emergency PCI in acute STEMI patients is associated with six clinical factors:SBP100 mmHg,type 2diabetes,balloon expansion times,troponin T peak,right coronary artery lesions and period from disease onset to reperfusion.


In recent times, the role of SMEs in developing countries increases substantially due to government friendly policy, foreign direct investment, outsources by multinational companies, etc. Moreover, technological and cultural globalization stimulates this process a step ahead. This study, therefore, has described the response of 'SMEs' towards socioeconomic development and provide a contemporary scenario in agriculture and garment sector SMEs of Bangladesh. Accordingly, this, a relevant literature review has been developed for necessary support and assurance of credibility of primary data. The study has found that diversified and dynamic SME sector of Bangladesh plays an important role in the economy and society. However, agriculture sector takes part in the major employment and food supply for large population. Also, this sector operates mostly in rural areas and improves the life of poor people. On the other side newly emerging garment sector is flourishing in urban areas and plays the key role in exporting. Also, this sector generates women employment opportunity that injects money, direct to families for food and healthcare. Therefore, both sectors significant roles in socioeconomic development put forward to better lives with social reform.  However, tension arises between two sectors by extensive labour migration from rural to urban area (from agriculture sector to Garment sector) and consequently drop raw materials supply for garment industry. But study generates a recommendation to mitigate this major contradiction between two major SMEs of Bangladesh. Finally, the paper has concluded by pointing out some limitations and providing direction for future research that may derive from this research.


The utility model relates to a three-way limit-type steel wire rope vibration isolator, which is used for vibration isolation for mechanical and electrical equipment and facilities of various kinds in the fields of ships, vehicles, aviation, buildings and the like. The middle position of an upper bearing clamping plate and a lower bearing clamping plate of the steel wire rope vibration isolator is provided with a three-way elastic limit mechanism, and the steel wire rope vibration isolator is composed of a rigid rod and a limit race, wherein different limit clearances are arranged between the rigid rod and a composite rubber layer of the inner cavity of the limit race according to the limit need. When the steel wire rope vibration isolator bears vibration or impact from any direction, once dynamic displacement is beyond the designed limit clearance, the rigid rod is contacted with the composite rubber layer of the inner cavity of the limit race to flexibly prevent the upper bearing clamping plate and the lower bearing clamping plate of the steel wire rope vibration isolator from continuing to mutually dislocating on the direction, and therefore, the purpose of elastic limit is realized. Not only are the good softening type nonlinear rigidity and damping characteristics of the steel wire rope vibration isolator kept, but also the displacement limit requirement on three directions needed in the engineering can be met. The steel wire rope vibration isolator has the advantages of compact structure and reliable performance.


Crystalline microporous cobalt phosphite, Co11(HPO3 )8(OH)6, was prepared via facile hydrothermal route without the use of any templates or surfactants. The cobalt chloride hexahydrate (CoCl2 ·6H2O) and sodium hypophosphite monohydrate (NaH2PO2 ·H2O) were employed as reactants, and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3 ) was added to adjust the pH. The resultant Co11(HPO3 )8(OH)6 shows dumbbell-like shape with a size of several micrometers. The obtained materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS). The Co11(HPO3 )8(OH)6 is applied as electrochemical energy storage electrode material because of its unique microporous nature. Different aqueous electrolytes (LiOH, NaOH, and KOH) have been tested in order to study the effect of electrolyte cations on electrochemical behavior. To investigate the capacity and stability of Co11(HPO3 )8(OH)6 electrode, cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge–discharge (GC), and cycle stability were performed in aqueous electrolytes with different cations at room temperature. We found that the electrochemical behavior of these materials is strongly dependent on the species of electrolyte cations (Li+, Na+, and K+).


Hip implants fail for many reasons. One of these reasons is due to aseptic loosening which causes bone resorption. The paper is oriented to investigate functionally graded porous stems by incorporating unique porous structures. The porosity levels investigated varied between 0% (fully densed), to 90%. The functional graded function used was sigmoid power law with three grading exponents. The gradation scheme was decreasing the porosity distally. From this study, it was found that functionally graded porous stems in comparison to fully dense stems, transfers up to 170% of the stresses to the bone (reduce stress shielding) and have micromotion that supports bone in growth.


Two-dimensional stable-state convection-diffusion equation is studied numerically by using the finite element method,and the inversion of parameter in the two-dimensional convection-diffusion equation is performed by the iterative method.The numerical results show that the iterative method is effective and feasible to calculate this kind of problem.


We present first results with a two-dimensional (2D) scanning terahertz passive heterodyne imaging system, currently under development. The imager is based on a phonon-cooled quasi-optically coupled hot electron bolometric (HEB) mixer integrated with an InP MMIC IF low-noise amplifier (LNA). A harmonic multiplier with an output power of about 250 piW is employed as the local oscillator (LO) source, resulting in a very compact setup. Terahertz images are obtained by scanning the target with a flat mirror mounted on a computer controlled elevation/azimuth translator. The receiver is designed to operate at 850 GHz, but can in principle operate at any terahertz frequency. We produced full 20 imagery of different objects. The demonstrated overall sensitivity of the imager in terms of a figure of merit NEAT is better than 0.5 K. We are working on extending the system into a multi pixel array configuration for faster scanning rates and improved spatial resolution.


Inherited retinal dystrophies (IRDs) cover a broad array of rare retinal diseases with diversify in genetic bases and phenotypes, affecting roughly as many as one in 2,000 individuals (Chen et al., 2021). Night or color blindness, tunnel vision, and later development to total blindness are all common vision impairment manifestations of IRDs that usually worsen with age (Chen et al., 2021). Cases of IRDs may be syndromic if they are coupled with extra-ocular symptoms or nonsyndromic if they are restricted to the eye (Hartong, 2006; Berson, 2006; Dryja, 2006). Interestingly, IRDs include over 20 different phenotypes (Hartong et al., 2006). The age of onset, the rate of progression, and the underlying causal genes may assist in categorizing these distinct phenotypes (Hartong et al., 2006; Perea-Romero et al., 2021). Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) (OMIM 500004), also known as rod-cone dystrophy, is the most common non-syndromic IRD, affecting around 1.5 million individuals globally (Chen et al., 2021). Other non-syndromic forms include cone-rod dystrophies (OMIM 120970), Stargardt disease (OMIM 248200), X-linked retinoschisis (OMIM 312700) and many others. On the other hand, the most common syndromic form is Usher syndrome (USH) (OMIM 276900), a combination of hearing loss and RP (Castiglione and Moller, 2022). Although several genetic studies have identified novel IRDs-associated genes and genetic variations,most of these associations and gene prevalence datawere based on cohorts inWestern Europe and North America (Smirnov et al., 2021; Colombo et al., 2021). Although the genetic basis of IRDs varies among patient cohorts, even replication for themajor findings is still lacking in understudied ethnicities (Jaffal et al., 2021). Growing evidence is continuously showing the importance of better investigating these ethnicities (Amish, Mennonites, Turks, Middle Eastern OPEN ACCESS


Secure and efficient operation of an electricity transmission system has always been challenging. This has been further complicated by the recent growth in dispersed and intermittent power generation, connected to both transmission and distribution networks, along with the inherent intricacies of a detailed system. To represent this persistently growing vast and complex active distribution network in the transmission system, however modelled with limited number components; appropriate dynamic equivalent model is an essential necessity. In this paper, the entire distribution network for the Great Britain transmission system model (as operated by National Grid, UK) has been replaced with the proposed distribution system equivalent models following UK Engineering Recommendation G.74 standard. The analysis results of the initial AC and DC load flow study at winter peak demand scenario are presented. The aim is to comprehend the suitability of the network reduction strategy and dynamic distribution system equivalents for real time operation and for short term outage planning, and to realize the effectiveness and preciseness of the proposed approach.


A three-chip subscriber line interface used to separate high and low-voltage functions will be discussed, The interface consists of a 320V dielectrically-isolated ringing test access chip, a 60V bipolar SLIC and a CMOS control circuit.


Student education does not always run smoothly, partly because of the influence of rejection of being excluded from school and peers, rejection leads to alienation. Alienation is a feeling condition in which someone feels not part of anything that no one cares about by staying away from something. This study aims to determine the relation between self compassion and alienation in students senior high school 11 pekanbaru. The research subjects is120 students of senior high school 11 Pekanbaru. The sampling technique in this research was using proportionate stratified random sampling technique. The data collection process uses two scales, the Alienation scale is arranged by haldun (2018) which amounts to 15 items and self compassion scale is arranged by Hasanah and Hidayati (2016) which amounts to 24 items.While the statistical analysis data used in this research is the peason product moment. The result of data analysis showed a correlation coefficient of rxy is -0,186 with p is 0,042 (p<0,05). It can be concluded that there is a negative and significant the relation between Self Compassion and Alienation in students senior high school 11 Pekanbaru. Where the correlation value is negative, it's mean more high self compassion, the more low in students, the opposite more low self compassion, the more high alienation.


Making computers automatically find the appropriate meaning of words in context is an interesting problem that has proven to be one of the most challenging tasks in natural language processing (NLP). Widespread potential applications of a possible solution to the problem could be envisaged in several NLP tasks such as text simplification, language learning, machine translation, query expansion, information retrieval and text summarization. Ambiguity of words has always been a challenge in these applications, and the traditional endeavor to solve the problem of this ambiguity, namely doing word sense disambiguation using resources like WordNet, has been fraught with debate about the feasibility of the granularity that exists in WordNet senses. The recent trend has therefore been to move away from enforcing any given lexical resource upon automated systems from which to pick potential candidate senses,and to instead encourage them to pick and choose their own resources. Given a sentence with a target ambiguous word, an alternative solution consists of picking potential candidate substitutes for the target, filtering the list of the candidates to a much shorter list using various heuristics, and trying to match these system predictions against a human generated gold standard, with a view to ensuring that the meaning of the sentence does not change after the substitutions. This solution has manifested itself in the SemEval 2007 task of lexical substitution and the more recent SemEval 2010 task of cross-lingual lexical substitution (which I helped organize), where given an English context and a target word within that context, the systems are required to provide between one and ten appropriate substitutes (in English) or translations (in Spanish) for the target word. In this dissertation, I present a comprehensive overview of state-of-the-art research and describe new experiments to tackle the tasks of lexical substitution and cross-lingual lexical substitution. In particular I attempt to answer some research questions pertinent to the tasks, mostly focusing on completely unsupervised approaches. I present a new framework for unsupervised lexical substitution using graphs and centrality algorithms. An additional novelty in this approach is the use of directional similarity rather than the traditional, symmetric word similarity. Additionally, the thesis also explores the extension of the monolingual framework into a cross-lingual one, and examines how well this cross-lingual framework can work for the monolingual lexical substitution and cross-lingual lexical substitution tasks. A comprehensive set of comparative investigations are presented amongst supervised and unsupervised methods, several graph based methods, and the use of monolingual and multilingual information.


Background: Cholesterol efflux is regulated by cellular cholesterol transporters/receptors such as ATP binding cassette transporters (ABCA1, ABCG1) and scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI). The aim of this study was to investigate whether the expression of these transporters/receptor is affected by type 2 diabetes and its functional effects on cholesterol efflux. Methods: mRNA levels of ABCA1, ABCG1 and SR-BI in peripheral blood monocytes were measured in 20 diabetic patients and 20 age-, gender-matched controls. Their functional effects of cholesterol efflux from monocyte-derived macrophages to serum were also determined. Results: ABCG1 mRNA expression was decreased in diabetic patients, whereas the levels of ABCA1 and SR-BI were similar between the two groups. Cholesterol efflux from monocyte-derived macrophages to standard serum or autologous serum was significantly reduced in diabetic patients, which were correlated with the expression of ABCG1. Conclusion: ABCG1 expression in monocytes is reduced in type 2 diabetic patients, which results in the functional effects of the impairment in cholesterol efflux from monocyte-derived macrophages.


The monk poets' poetry rhyming is always special because of the phenomenon of chuyun,which is the result of the influences of the poets' dialects.Analyzing Guan Xiu's rhyming in his poetry from the common system,the author has counted all kinds of patterns of his poetry rhyming reference to the regulation of《Guangyun》'Duyong,Tongyong.In addition,th is paper has discussed the similarities and dissimilarities of 26 categories of poetry rhymes in the middle Tang Dynasty,15 categories of the monk poetry rhymes in late Tang Dynasty and 18 categories of standard words rhymes in Song Dynasty.The main point is that the author has demonstrated the special rhyming phenomenon of Guan Xiu' poetry reference to some related historical records and poet's dialect.The result shows that these special rhymings have a dialect foundation,and the reflection of the poet's dialect,which illustrates the fact that the monk poets would rhyme with their dialects,couldn't be affected by the Gong Ling.


To improve the stability of V/F controlled induction motor drive system,which is always experienced in light load state,a stabilizing control method is presented.Based on the model of induction motor,a deeply analysis revealed the relationship between the system oscillations and the fluctuation of reactive current.And the strategy was implemented by adjusting the output voltage according to the fluctuation of reactive current which was decoupled through stator voltage oriented synchronous rotation frame transformation.The proposed method was parameter indenpent and robust.Experiments show that the system has a very stable operation over the whole speed range from 0 to 50 Hz with the proposed method and the oscillations have be suppressed effectively.


Objective To evaluate the effects of multilevel balloon kyphoplasty( BK)on respiratory,hemodynamic and cement leakage. Methods A prospective study was made for 63 patients,including 31 cases of osteoporotic vertebral compressive fractures( OVCF)and 32 cases of osteolytic tumors ( OT). Twenty-six patients with only one vertebral lesion,15 patients with 2 vertebral lesion,6 patients with 4 vertebral lesion,3 patients with 5 vertebral lesion,4 patients with 6 vertebral lesion,5 patients with 7 vertebral lesion,2 patients with 8 vertebral lesion. Polymethyl methacrylate( PPMA)was used in 43 patients and calcium phosphate in 20 patients. All patients were given general anesthesia,hemodynamic,arterial blood gas changes,peripheral and regional cerebral oxygen saturation were continuously monitored. Results Three patients( two PMMA,one calcium phosphate)had a transient drop in blood pressure between 21% to 42% during simultaneous inflation of all four balloons at two levels. Five patients appeared cement leakage(7. 9%),which was not correlated with the cement type or number of levels. Blood pressure,end-tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure and arterial oxygen partial pressure decreased after cement insertion,but there were no significant differences. Peripheral and regional cerebral oxygen saturation has no obvious change. One-way ANOVA revealed that there was no significant difference among 1 vertebral lesion,2 vertebral lesion and 3 or more than 3 vertebral lesion. Conclusions Balloon kyphoplasty is safe when applied in multiple levels when the balloons are inflated sequentially and the cement is inserted slowly in a very doughy state. Close monitoring of cardiorespiratory factors is valuable. Its rare circulatory effects are not correlated with the number of levels or the cement type.

Key words:
Multilevel balloon kyphoplasty;  Blood gas;  Hemodynamic changes;  Cement leakage


circuit breakers circuit breakers circuit breakers switching problem switching problem switching problem switching problem refers refers to electrical electrical switching devices and switching devices and switching devices and switching devices and applies applies differently differently in in DC DC as as in AC. The switching is usually accompanied by the ignition, the burning and the extinction of the electric arc as well in the AC. The switching is usually accompanied by the ignition, the burning and the extinction of the electric arc as well in the AC. The switching is usually accompanied by the ignition, the burning and the extinction of the electric arc as well in the AC. The switching is usually accompanied by the ignition, the burning and the extinction of the electric arc as well in the connection but especially in the disconnection. The breaking of the DC circuit is connection but especially in the disconnection. The breaking of the DC circuit is connection but especially in the disconnection. The breaking of the DC circuit is connection but especially in the disconnection. The breaking of the DC circuit is achieved using the inverse voltage the inverse voltage the inverse voltage the inverse voltage generation met generation met generation met generation method, the divergent current oscilation method and the inverse current injection method. hod, the divergent current oscilation method and the inverse current injection method. hod, the divergent current oscilation method and the inverse current injection method. hod, the divergent current oscilation method and the inverse current injection method. This paper presents This paper presents This paper presents This paper presents a contact with a contact with a contact with a contact with IGBT transistors, used to disco IGBT transistors, used to disco IGBT transistors, used to disco IGBT transistors, used to disconnnect the DC circuit breakers DC circuit breakers DC circuit breakers DC circuit breakers applying applying the injection of inverse current. the injection of inverse current. the injection of inverse current. the injection of inverse current.


Review by Linda Hutcheon (University of Toronto) of Cian Duffy, Peter Howell, and Caroline Ruddell, eds., Romantic Adaptations: Essays in Mediation and Remediation . Farnham, Surrey and Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2013. Pp. 175. £54. ISBN 9781472414106.


The Neoproterozoic banded iron formations (BIFs) were closely associated with the "Snowball Earth" during the breakup of the Rodinia, thus they played an important role in our understanding of the atmospheric and oceanic oxygen levels during this period. In this contribution, the Neoproterozoic (ca. 737 Ma) Baijianshan BIF at Southeast Tarim, northwestern China was identified. Magnetite is the dominated iron‐species, which occurs as the lamina interbedded with chert. The BIF contains low concentrations of trace elements, and is depleted in light rare earth elements (LREEs) based on comparison with the Post‐Archean Australian Shale (PAAS). In addition, the BIF exhibits slightly positive La‐Eu anomalies, negligible Ce anomalies, insignificant Y anomalies, chondritic Y/Ho ratios (23–32), and slightly chondritic initial ∊Nd (t = 737 Ma) values (–0.45 to 1.46, averaging 0.37). All these features indicate that the precipitation of Baijianshan BIF was closely related to the submarine low‐T hydrothermal fluids with little detrital contribution. Moreover, the Baijianshan BIF is characterized by the significant enrichment of heavy Fe isotopes, with δ57FeIRMM‐014 values ranging from 1.78‰ to 3.05‰, revealing the partial oxidation of Fe2+ into Fe3+ during the precipitation of this BIF. Our data suggest that the formation of Baijianshan BIF was closely associated with a significantly reducing ocean, which most likely was isolated from the oxidized atmosphere by a local ice sheet. This Neoproterozoic Baijianshan ocean has the initial oxygen levels as low as, or even lower than that of Archean and Paleoproterozoic oceans.


The original secondary air flow measuring device of a 300MW unit of Tianjin Chentang Thermal Power Plant was unable to meet the measurement and control requirement because of serious ash clogging,and it had been replaced by FLII-16 type air flow measurement device with soot self-cleaning and anti-blockage function.Then accurate measurement of secondary air flow was realized,and draft air and boiler automation were well put into operation,and the maintenance became easy.