The experiment was set up at the Experimental Orchard in Dąbrowice, Poland in the spring of 2005. The experimental plant material consisted of sweet cherry trees cv. 'Kordia' planted in three rootstock and two interstem combinations. The rootstocks included 'Gisela 5', 'F12/1' and 'Colt'. The interstems were 20 cm long shoots of 'Gisela 5' grafted on 'F12/1' or 'Colt' rootstocks. All the trees were planted at the same spacing of 4.5 x 2.5 m in a random block design, in four replicates with three trees per plot. The tree training method was the Vogel Central Leader. In the fifth year of the experiment, the sweet cherry trees growing in the combinations with the rootstocks 'F12/1' and 'Colt' showed the strongest growth, The combinations with 'Gisela 5' dwarfing rootstock grew least vigorously. In the 2009 season, the 'Kordia' trees produced fruit yields at a very good level. The trees with 'Gisela 5' interstems grafted on the rootstock 'Colt' produced the highest yields (more than 30 kg per tree). Five years after being planted, 'Kordia' trees with 'Gisela 5' interstem grafted on 'F12/1' rootstock had the highest cumulative yield. Trees with 'Gisela 5' interstems grafted on the 'Colt' rootstock and those grafted directly on the 'Colt' rootstock produced similar yields. Trees grafted directly on the 'Gisela 5' rootstock had the lowest yields.


The invention discloses a milling stability domain prediction method under multi-modal coupling to solve a technical problem that the efficiency of an existing milling stability domain prediction method is low. The technical scheme is that firstly the transmission function of a process system is determined through a modal test experiment, then modal parameters are extracted from the transmission function and two orthogonal direction modal parameters are paired and combined, a milling test is carried out to calibrate a milling force coefficient, based on the milling force coefficient and each scale of modal parameters, an improved semi discrete method is employed to obtain a stability lobe diagram under each scale of modals, and finally lobe diagrams under obtained from each scale of modals are drawn in a same coordinate system to obtain a stable domain under multi modal coupling. Through a test, when a cutting cycle is divided into 40 sections, 80 sections and 120 sections, compared with a background technology method, the method can save time for 4949.6 seconds, 74200.4 seconds and 344699.5 seconds, and the efficiency is increased by 85.9%, 92% and 88.5%.


RTVU's teachers and staffs have differed as to formative assessments along with its implemention in RTVU' s system. The paper explores its objective, nature and model in formative assessment.


The Heishan coal basin is situated at the border regions of Kansuy Inner Mongoliaand Ningsia.Along the southern edge of the Tungkoli desert,the coal-bearing formationsbelong to the upper Carboniferous Taiyuan group. According to the field observation and fossil evidence,the author of this paper tendsto divide the Carboniferous sediments of this area in the descending order as following: The supra-formation,the lower Permian Shihhotze formation ---Disconformity--- The upper Carboniferous Taiyuan group ——Conformity—— The middle Carboniferous Yanghukou group ---Disconformity--- The lower Carboniferous Chouniukou formation Unconformity The Sub-formation,the upper Devonian Laochunshan group The lower Carboniferous Chouniukou formation according to its lithology may be sub-divided into three parts:1) The lower part,conglomeratic limestones;2) The middlepart,sandstone and shale,intercalated with limestone;3) The upper part,organiclime-limestones.This formation contains flora and fauna of the Visean stage,e.g.Yuano-phyllum kansuense Yu,kansuella kansuensis(Chao),? Triphyllopteris sp.and etc.It cor-responds to the lower Carboniferous Chouninkou and Kushuikou in Kansu and the Out-sangpuluho in Chinghai. The middle Carboniferous Yanghukou group according to its lithology may be sub-divided also into three parts:1) The lower part,thick-bedded shale,black,sandyshale,with large concretions of limestone:2) The middle part,fine-grained fragmentalrocks,3) the upper part,sandstone and shale,with thin coal seams.This group con-tains index fossils of Westphalian stage,as Neuropteris cf.gigantea Sternberg,N.Kai-pingiana Sze,Linopteris sp.,Spkenopteris sp.(cf.S.stangeri Stur) and etc.It can be cor-related with the penchi group of North-china and the Tzushan group of south-China. The upper Carboniferous Taiyuan group consists of sandstone,shale,limestone andcoal seams.It can be roughly subdivided into eight parts.Some index fossils of theStephanian stage are found in this group,e.g.Pseudoschwagerina princeps(Echrencerg),Choristites pavlovi(Stuckenberg),Dictyoclostus taiyuanfuensis Grabau,Martinia semig-lobosa Tschernyschow,Chonetes latesinuata Schellwein,Neuropteris pseudovata Gothan etSze etc.


As the economic opportunities fostered by large cities become more diverse, the travel patterns of public transport users become more heterogeneous. From personalized customer information, to improved travel demand models, understanding these heterogeneous travel patterns is useful for a number of applications relevant to public transport agencies. This thesis explores how smart card data can be used to analyze and compare the structure of individual travel patterns observed over several weeks. Specifically, the way in which multiple journeys and activities are ordered and combined into repeated patterns, both by the same individual over time and across individuals is evaluated from the journey sequence of each user. The research is structured around three objectives. First, we introduce a representation of individual travel patterns and develop a measure of travel sequence regularity. The mobility of each individual is modeled as a stochastic process with memory, of which each new realization represents an activity or journey. Entropy rate, a measure of randomness in the stochastic process, is used to quantify repetition in the order of journeys and activities. This analysis reveals that the order of events is an important component of regularity not explicitly captured in previous literature. Second, we develop an approach to identify clusters of travel patterns with similar structure considered with respect to public transport usage and activity patterns. Finally, we present an exploratory evaluation of the associations between the identified clusters and socio-demographic characteristics by linking smart card data to an annual travel diary survey. These three objectives are considered in the context of a practical application using the transactions of a sample of approximately 100,000 users collected between February 10 and March 1


Investors have increasingly turned to stock market volatility-selling strategies based on the idea of selling implied volatility and buying it back later when it falls to a level more consistent with realized volatility.


This paper explains the conventionalization of verb object construction by means of the hierarchy of conceptual integration. It is found that the verb object constructions that tend to be conventionalized are at the same time of some other relevant characteristics such as weak analogy and patientivity. It argues that the hierarchy of conceptual integration is the generic reason for those characteristics.


Abstract : The fatigue behavior of candidate sheet materials subjected to supersonic transport load-temperature environments is being evaluated. Three specimen geometries in each of three materials will be used. Constant load amplitude tests will be carried out on specimens without prior exposure and on specimens exposed to load at temperatures of 400 and 650 F for periods to 100, 1,000, and 5,000 hours. The effects of contaminants will be similarly evaluated using exposure at 650 F for 1,000 hours. In addition, realistic wing root loading spectra will be applied on a flight-by-flight basis. In one set of these tests the time at temperature and the sequence of thermal stress cycles will be representative of actual service. In a second set of tests the time at elevated temperature during each "flight" will be minimized. Finally, tests will be carried out to evaluate the effect of the cycle of pressurization and thermal loading which occurs in fuselage skins once every flight.


The essentially contested notion of the modern, and its cognate form "modernity," have a long intellectual history. The emergence and dissemination of the idea of Western modernity was sometimes forcibly imposed, sometimes partially accepted, and sometimes resisted at different levels around the globe. Recent thinking has produced qualifiers and prefixes such as "unfinished," "post-," "late," "inevitable," "contra-," "alternative," or "differential" in relation to modernity, to signal the striations in approaches, interpretations, and positionings towards what is seen as an umbrella term to describe the various possibilities that can be brought to bear while considering contentions in contemporary theory and praxis. The social, economic, political, and cultural dimensions of this field of forces are integral to any thinking about the symbolic contestation of power in multifarious re-imaginings. This article charts this field mainly by looking at the colonial and postcolonial interventions that have impacted and continue to the present day to effect and inflect cultures and societies, including pressing questions of climate change and cyberspace. Sections are sorted under the following sub-headings: "The vortex of the modern;" "Subaltern bodies, subversive minds;" "Communication and colonization: Re-inventing space and time;" "Borderlands, migrations, identities;" and "Contesting and controlling cyberspace."


The earlier Protocols to the Long Range Convention on transboundary air pollution were all singular with their focus on the individual pollutants of SO2, NOx or VOCs. With the ozone regime, in the run-up to the Vienna Convention, it was suggested that a cumulative approach be adopted for controlling ozone depleting substances (ODS). The furtherance of a cumulative approach is evident in the Montreal Protocol, whereby it was agreed in Article 3 that with the calculation of control levels of ODS production, each Party shall, 'multiply its annual production of each controlled substance by the ozone depleting potential specified in respect of it in Annex A, Annex B, Annex C or Annex E and add together, for each such Group, the resulting figures'. The climate change regime is unique in having both a net and comprehensive approach to greenhouse gas accounting.Keywords: climate change; greenhouse gas; Montreal Protocol; ozone depleting substances (ODS); Vienna Convention


The successful resolution of a problem of school phobia using self-management strategies is reported. The clinical report is prefaced by the observation that differences of emphasis are apparent when authorative reviews of the field of self-management are considered—and the conclusion drawn is that the successful outcome could be used to lend support to Kanfer's two-stage model of self-regulation. The client, Anne, was a pupil in the first year of comprehensive schooling. She attended school on only four days during the first term. Problem analyses in terms of operant and classical learning theories are described, and intervention strategies were generated which were accommodated within Kanfer's two-stage model of self regulation. Anne self-recorded school attendance, lesson attendance and self-confidence. School attendance was immediately achieved and progress towards full lesson attendance was made over a seven-week period. Affective state (self-confidence) as assessed by self-report was observed to increase as lesson attendance improved but a temporal lag was observed. The report concludes with some observations of a theoretical nature and justification for the intervention to warrant the descriptor "self-management".


The territorial boundaries defended by male Red-winged Blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) shifted over the course of the breeding season. The establishment of new males in a colony, the redefinition of boundaries among neighbors, and the recruitment of new females were all related to changes in boundary locations. No significant correlations were found between harem size and either territory size or the abundance of preferred nesting sites. High rates of aggressive interactions did, however, coincide with the recruitment of new females and accompanied territory shifts. Many boundary changes were associated with the guarding by males of females that were showing interest in nest sites outside the area formerly defended by the male. If a female's behavior in an area precipitates conflicts among neighboring males, then it could be a mechanism whereby females simultaneously compare the attributes of males and influence the quality of their territories. Such a mechanism would ensure that a female obtains what sh...


Objective To observe the clinical adverse reactions to stopping beta-receptor blocker in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy(DCM) associated with congestive heart failure(CHF).Methods 69 patients taking Metoprolol orally for 18 months or over,with NYHA function grades Ⅰ~Ⅱ,with DCM associated with CHF and without malignant ventricular arrhythmias and rapid ventricular arrhythmias were assigned to a treated group(35 cases,stopped beta-receptor blocker) and a control group(34 cases,kept taking beta-receptor blocker).The treated group reduced Metoprolol progressively untill completely stopping.A 6-month follow-up was performed.Results Compared with the control group,the treated group had higher rates of NYHA function deterioration and cardial arrhythmias(P0.05 or P0.01).Heart rate,systolic pressure,diastolic pressure and LVEF in the treated group also elevated significantly(all P0.01).Conclusion Patients with DCM associated with CHF stopping beta-receptor blocker easily induced sudden death,deterioration of heart failure,rapid ventricular arrhythmias,et al.If no stopping drug signs,tt is essential for patients with DCM associated with CHF to take beta-receptor blocker for a long-term even for their lifetime.


A contract manufacturing organization must clearly identify the goals of a project, establish a plan, and then effectively execute accordingly.


Online learning is expanding at an exponential rate, with more than one third of all higher education students taking at least one course online (Allen & Seaman, 2011). However, dropout rates for online courses are 10-20% higher than for traditional, face-to-face courses (Carr, 2000). Many students report dissatisfaction with content, process, and lack of engagement. Besides lectures, video clips, assigned readings, and discussions, what can online instructors do to encourage creativity and collaboration in an virtual learning platform? How can instructors design and assess assignments that meet course learning objectives while also supporting creative and collaborative endeavors on students? parts? Online educators need to implement best practices; the static, instructor led discussions are not particularly supportive of student engagement (Adams, 2007). Done appropriately, online education can be an engaging, creative, collaborative venue for teaching and learning with the proper tools and supports. Contrary to popular misconception and fears, online learning can be an effective conduit of creative, dynamic student engagement. This session will present one assignments with multiple dimensions that actively engage student creativity and collaboration resulting in practical classroom tools for special education teachers. Students are required to create a Parent Newsletter to provide information about the teacher, his/her classroom procedures, and resources for families. They then share and critique each other?s work in small, online groups with clear documentation of everyone?s participation and responses. Using peers? feedback, students can refine their newsletters and submit it for final grading; an additional benefit is they have ideas to write future newsletters for their own classroom. Students report that they use these newsletters in their own classrooms.


In dynamic parameter test,battery and sensor power are often as the power for test equipment.However,battery capacity is limited,and installation space of the test equipment is also limited.Embedded system testing devices and piezoelectric power generation because of their own advantages,are more and more concerned by people.Embedded devices based on piezoelectric power generation in comparison with other test device of its power generation(electromagnetic generating device,static electricity generators) has advantages of simple structure,no heat,no electromagnetic interference and easy to realize miniaturization can be achieved self-powered test device.


This paper first describes in a relatively nontechnical fashion several econometric techniques that the authors believe should be useful to industrial relations researchers. Those techniques are then applied to an analysis of whether public sector impasse procedures create a "narcotic effect," that is, a tendency for the bargaining parties, once they use the procedures, to become increasingly reliant on them in future negotiations. The authors reanalyze data from Thomas Kochan and Jean Baderschneider's study of the impasse experience of police and firefighters under New York State's Taylor Law during the 1968–76 period and find that while a narcotic effect did exist, as Kochan and Baderschneider argued, that relationship lasted only during the early years of the period and was actually reversed in later years. The authors conclude by explaining how such a pattern of results could occur, tracing the implications of their findings for public policy, and suggesting other research questions that could be analyzed by the econometric methods they have described. (A comment by Kochan and Baderschneider follows this article.)


Quantum inverse problem (QIP) is the problem of estimating an unknown quantum system from a set of measurements, whereas the classical counterpart is the inverse problem of estimating a distribution from a set of observations. In this paper, we present a neural-network-based method for QIPs, which has been widely explored for its classical counterpart. The proposed method utilizes the quantumness of the QIPs and takes advantage of the computational power of neural networks to achieve remarkable efficiency for the quantum state estimation. We test the method on the problem of maximum entropy estimation of an unknown state ρ from partial information both numerically and experimentally. Our method yields high fidelity, efficiency and robustness for both numerical experiments and quantum optical experiments.


Summary The study investigates the construction of femininity ideologies of girls-only school websites in Thailand and deconstructs them for analysis at the lexical level. Ideological beliefs underlying the custom of upbringing of young women in Thai cultural contexts are the focus of investigation. We pay a particular attention to how the schools communicate their key messages of vision, mission, core values, and about us on their websites and conduct a corpus-driven discourse analysis on the data. Findings from running tests of frequency and collocation reveal the traits of femininity constructed in the discourse, built the praising of obedience, submissiveness and lady-like features. We conclude that benevolent sexism is a common cultural practice evident in educational institutions.


Magnetic hyperfine fields for Se on Ni(111) and Ni(001) surfaces were measured with the perturbed angular correlation technique. The results are $|{B}_{\mathrm{hf}}|\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}2.7(3)$ T for Se on Ni(111) and $|{B}_{\mathrm{hf}}|\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}0.8(3)$ T for Se on Ni(001) at 90 K. These values of magnetic hyperfine fields of an adatom deviate drastically from the known bulk value of ${B}_{\mathrm{hf}}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}15\mathrm{T}$. The surface site positions of the probe atoms are discussed with the aid of the results for the electric hyperfine interactions measured simultaneously.


Relieving the citizen of the fear of unemployment. Relieving the citizen, in part at least, of the expense associatedwith illness or accident. Providing homes on an "ownership" basis for family units comprising a man, wife and four children, at repayment rates adjusted to income levels in such a way that they will permit repayment from the basic wage applicable,without imposing any restriction upon the supply of food and the provision of certain social amenitiesnecessaryfor the maintenanceof healthy selfrespectand family pride. Food and clothing adequatein quantity and quality and reasonablein price being accessibleto all members of the public. Adjustment of taxation and of child endowment in terms of the family unit so that the numberof children is more equitably compensatedfor than is the case at present.


The article is devoted to learner-centered learning program development for adult learners, which are experienced professionals – chief executives. The high speed of learning and precise learning outcomes are seen as the main need of an executive in a learner role. A learner-centered learning program satisfies the need.The article suggests the use of a professional role model of a learner – after learning program completion – as a main tool for the development of an appropriate learner-centered learning program. The details of the professional role model, as well as an algorithm of learner-centered learning program development, are discussed.One of the key problems in learning program development is that the skills, competencies and capabilities developed during learning programs often can't be applied outside the learning program – in "real life" contexts. To enable a learner to be successful in real contexts, it is suggested to use a role concept in different contexts. The learning program in this case should develop not only the ability to play a role, but also play it in different contexts; not just to acquire new roles, but to be able to reduce roles for simpler ones, as well as to compose new roles.


We demonstrate the first asynchronous 2×2 optical packet switch capable of synchronizing, buffering, and forwarding 10 Gb/s packets generated from independent transmitters with better than 99% packet recovery measured using a burst mode receiver.


In this paper, partially premixed flames of propane-hydrogen blends from elliptic burner geometries in coflow environment have been experimentally studied. Two different elliptic burner geometries with aspect ratios (AR) of 3:1 and 4:1 were used. A circular burner with the same discharge area as that of the elliptic burner was employed for comparison. Measurements were taken at stoichiometric and three other equivalence ratios. Global flame characteristics such as visible height, emission indices, and flame radiation were measured. Flame structure data such as transverse profiles of inflame concentrations of combustion products and local flame temperature were also measured at three axial locations in the flame. Results indicate that elliptic burner flames were shorter, more radiating, and produced lower NO and CO emissions than the corresponding circular burner flames. Results from the inflame measurements of NO and CO were in good agreement with the corresponding global data. Further, the 4:1 AR elliptic burners exhibited a twin-jet flame structure at fuel-rich conditions. The twin-flame structure was evident from the inflame measurements of temperature and combustion species. This study suggests that the combination of elliptic burner geometry and coflow reduces NO and CO emissions from combustion systems, which could potentially lead to cleaner environment.Copyright © 2006 by ASME


This study aimed to determine if induction of sodium picosulfate and magnesium citrate (SPMC) preparation leads to adequate surgery for left-sided colorectal cancer (CRC).

 Adequate bowel cleansing is vital for safe and accurate colorectal surgery. Ingestion of laxatives for bowel cleansing may be associated with a broad spectrum of adverse effects during surgical intervention.

 A single-center prospective study was conducted with hospitalized patients scheduled operation for left-sided CRC. All enrolled patients were instructed to consume normal diet until before preparation. Twenty-seven patients underwent preoperative SPMC preparation.

 The primary endpoint of this study was the 30-day postoperative morbidity rate, which was 23%, and no postoperative complication was higher than Clavien-Dindo grade 3. The primary anastomosis rate was 100%, and there was no anastomotic leakage. The colonic cleansing grades were 1 or 2 according to the bowel preparation scale for surgical assessment in 89% of the patients. The acceptability of the cleansing procedure by the patients assessed by a questionnaire was 85%, and the acceptability of the SPMC preparation by the medical staff was 93%. The surgical procedures included 18 laparoscopies, 6 robotic surgeries, and 3 laparotomies. The median operation time was 165 minutes, and the median blood loss was <50 cc. The median sodium serum concentration was significantly decreased after surgery.

 Ingestion of an SPMC preparation as a cleansing procedure was judged to be adequate for curative surgery in patients with left-sided colorectal cancer.


Sixty postmenopausal women (30 vegetarians and 30 nonvegetarians) in the age group of 5060 years, clinically healthy from the various localities/strata were selected. Background information, physically activity pattern and anthropometric measurements of the subjects were recorded using an interview schedule. Blood pressure of the subjects was also recorded. The blood sample were analysed for glucose and lipid profile. The body weight of both vegetarians and nonvegetarians were found to be higher but prevalence of obesity was higher in nonvegetarians (17 vs 10%).Vegetarians were also reported to have significantly lower TSFT (12.97 vs 14.37mm), MUAC(29.47 vs 33.07cm) and per cent body fat (38.72 vs 41.89%).Vegetarian postmenopausal women had significantly lower systolic (123.67 vs 145.33mm Hg)and diastolic blood pressure (83 vs 96.33mm Hg).The lipid profile of vegetarians showed lower level of TC (185.30 vs 111194.72 mg%), TG ()125.23 vs 139.17 mg%, LDL-C (112.92 vs 125.70mg%),TC?HDL-C(4.14 vs 4.81),LDL-C/HDL(2.53 VS 3.13) but significantly higher level if HDL-C (44.79 VS 41.16 MG %).


We consider random walks of active deformable particles (ADP) that can move by actively deforming their shape from a sphere. A theory is developed by assuming that the equation of velocity includes a coupling with active random deformation. It is shown that the model exhibits a truncated power-law distribution of velocity, whose exponent is determined by the intensity of the random deformation and the strength of the dissipation. Two characteristic variants of the ADP model that have different preferences in the direction of the deformation are investigated in detail.


The Issue Correlates of War (ICOW) research project began nearly 20 years ago by collecting data on territorial claims in South America. Since then, the ICOW territorial claims dataset has expanded to cover the entire world, while ICOW has collected new data on river claims and maritime claims and is beginning a new project on identity claims. This article discusses the development and expansion of ICOW data, illustrating how the additional datasets offer important new information and open up new avenues for scholarship.


Through the analysis of land expression of land exchanges about seventy-nine land contracts in Hu Village in Wuyuan County from the late Ming Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty,we can know that a fixed format had been formed in land exchanges market,and the land had also been highly taxed.In the transaction,some features of the land,such as the size,the fertility,the incomes and the burden were described by the tax,rent and location.On the contrary,the size and the shape of the land was not important any more.We can speculate that it may be the result of the combination of the tax and land due to the reform of the tax system in the late Ming Dynasty.


Generalized peeling skin syndrome (PSS) is a form of PSS (see this term) presenting with a generalized distribution. It comprises two sub-types: the non-inflammatory (PSS type A) and the inflammatory (PSS type B) form (see these terms). PSS type A is characterized by generalized white scaling with superficial peeling of the skin, while PSS type B is characterized by superficial patchy peeling of the entire skin with underlying erythroderma, associated with pruritus, and atopy.


: The Williamson synthesis method is a method for preparing asymmetric ethers, which is obtained by the reaction of halogenated hydrocarbons with sodium alcohol or sodium phenol. According to literature research, the influencing factors of this reaction include halogenated hydrocarbons, alkylated alcohols, catalysts, solvents, and side reactions; In addition, this method can be used to introduce various substituents such as saturated, unsaturated, aliphatic, and aromatic hydrocarbon groups in drug synthesis, thereby obtaining a variety of pharmaceutical intermediates or drugs. This article selects the antitumor drug gefitinib involved in this reaction as a case study to illustrate the complete synthesis route of this drug. Other reaction types and names involved in the drug synthesis route are also described.


Abstract Assessing climate change and its effects on the cryosphere is important, and individual proxies are commonly used for such assessments. We have investigated the possibility of combining glacier mass balance and tree-ring data to better understand regional climate variability in Scandinavia. There are substantial differences between climate information in mass-balance and tree-ring data. Summer balance (b S) is strongly related to summer temperature, while winter balance (b W) is less readily interpreted in terms of a climate signal. Tree rings are good summer temperature proxies, but due to the complexity of tree growth factors (e.g. the effect of the previous winter's climate) tree-ring records do not exclusively represent summer temperatures. Combining b S and tree-ring records will not likely yield additional summer climate information. The relationship of mass balance with the Arctic Oscillation is stronger than with the North Atlantic Oscillation, especially for northernmost Sweden, whereas no such correlations were found for tree-ring data. The agreement between b N records from both maritime south-central Norway and continental northernmost Sweden and tree-ring data from Jämtland, in a maritime/continental climate transition zone, suggests possibilities to combine mass-balance and tree-ring data to provide information about climate over the entire year on interannual timescales.


Title Molecular genetic study of lateral root regeneration on environmental stresses [an abstract of dissertation and a summary of dissertation review] Author(s) 徐, 冬暘 Citation 北海道大学. 博士(生命科学) 甲第12886号 Issue Date 2017-09-25 Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/67420 Rights(URL) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.1/jp/ Type theses (doctoral abstract and summary of review) Additional Information There are other files related to this item in HUSCAP. Check the above URL. File Information Dongyang_Xu_abstract.pdf (論文内容の要旨)


Lane Roberts, Dome Technology, USA, reports on the erection of a new dome as part of Separation Technologies' ash management solution.


Since 1986, several cases of human ehrlichiosis due to Ehrlichia canis have been reported in the U.S.A.. Suspecting a pathology transmissible from dog to man the authors conducted an epidemiologic survey in an ehrlichiosis zone in Senegal on a population of 42 men and 66 dogs


Objective To explore a suitable AIDS-related health education model in high school students of Shanghai Putuo district and Xinjiang Aksu area. Methods A total of 640 high school students were selected and investigated by using the random sampling method and AIDS-related knowledge questionnaire in Han nationality of Shanghai Putuo district and Uygur and Han nationalities of Xinjiang Aksu area. Results The AIDS-related knowledge came mainly from television,radio and propaganda data was 78.8% among the students of Shanghai,55.2% among the Han students of Xinjiang,and 32.8% among the Uygur students of Xinjiang,and the knowledge came mainly from teachers,parents and friends were 9.8%,28.5%,9.4% among above-mentioned student groups,respectively. The highest correct answer rate on AIDS-related knowledge was in the Han students of Xinjiang,then in the students of Shanghai and the Uygur students of Xinjiang in the order,with significant differences among the above groups. About the attitude to the AIDS cases,the students of both areas did not want to contact with the AIDS patients. Conclusions The health education on AIDS-related knowledge is extremely essential in the high school students.


This study identified the moderated mediation relationship among age, Internet self-efficacy, and statistics anxiety on student satisfaction after controlling for demographics and technology experiences in research methods courses in a blended professional doctoral program. One hundred and thirty-one students in a three-year Ed.D. Program participated in the study. The results show that after controlling for gender, ethnicity, and technology experiences, age was negatively associated with Internet self-efficacy and Internet self-efficacy mediated the relationship between age and course satisfaction as well. Although the moderation effect of statistics anxiety between self-efficacy and student satisfaction was not supported, there was still partial evidence that the group with statistics anxiety behaved differently from the group without statistics anxiety in terms of the conditional indirect effect of age on course satisfaction. The authors call for future studies to focus on online or blended research courses in professional doctoral programs and test the proposed conceptual model.


Two simple 3-V CMOS low-voltage operational amplifiers with constant-g/sub m/ rail-to-rail complementary input stage are presented. The constant g/sub m/ ensures constant open-loop gain and unity gain frequency, etc. within the whole common mode input range. The first op amp is designed so that the transition regions of the two pair drivers overlap directly, keeping the g/sub m/ of the input stage constant within 9% over the whole region. DC level shifts are used in the second op amp so that the transition region of the n-pair is shifted rightward to overlap that of the p-pair, keeping the g/sub m/ constant within 8%. Both methods are effective and simple to implement.


We are interestedin methodsfor building more intelligent cognitive vision systemsin our ActIPret project. The aim of this project is understandingtheactivitiesof expert operators for teaching and education.Our approach is to learnmodelsfor thecomponentsandlater thetaskandcontext of thevisualprocessingin theActIPretsystem.Thepaperfirst introducesgeneral issuesandsomeapproachesfor the exampleof gesture learning and recognition. Second, aspectsof our cognitivevisionframework are describedas they are relevant to the evaluation of the two approaches testedhere. Third, the computationalmodelsfor the time delay RBF (TDRBF) networkand Hidden Markov Model (HMM) aredescribedandresultsgiven.Finally, extensions of this work and conclusionsfor systemintegration of the resultsare discussedin the light of task-basedcontrol and contextualprocessing.


Abstract Neural Machine Translation (NMT) is a revolutionary innovation that has had a significant impact not only on the translation industry but also on translation studies. This technology is creating new opportunities for shaping identities and generating new knowledge and perspectives. This led researchers to undeniably and increasingly conduct studies to improve NMT performance. These studies involve assessing the quality of the output, determining the extent to which humans can be involved in the machine-based process, and proposing solutions to redress the deficiencies. In this regard, the paper focuses on the impact of pre-editing (PE) operations on the translation of audiovisual children's literary texts (subtitles) from English to Arabic using TRADOS. The work seeks to accomplish a number of pre-editing-related research goals in the context of Arabic NMT systems. Initially, it aims to define and clarify the idea of PE and its function in enhancing Arabic NMT systems' performance. Second, it looks at PE mechanisms and methods and how they might improve the appropriateness and accuracy of Arabic machine translation. Additionally, the study attempts to investigate the value of PE in enhancing the Arabic translation of audiovisual children's literature. The study also seeks to list the difficulties and restrictions related to PE and suggest viable strategies to get over them. Finally, the paper offers suggestions for further investigation into NMT systems using Arabic and PE. To achieve these goals, the researchers conducted a human evaluation of NMT for two animated movie subtitles and determined the necessary PE operations. The findings revealed that PE has the potential to improve the quality of literary translations and enhance their comprehensibility and acceptability.


Working memory capacity and executive ability can compensate for lower cognitive spare capacity in older adults with hearing loss compared to young adults with normal hearing


We prove that the difference between the $n$-th hyperfibonacci number of $r$-th generation and its two consecutive predecessors is the $n$-th regular $(r-1)$-topic number. Using this fact we provide an equivalent recursive definition of hyperfibonacci sequences and derive an extension of the Binet formula. We also prove further identities involving both hyperfibonacci and hyperlucas sequences, in full generality.


Vinyl polymers carrying l-phenylalanine residues were synthesized in the free and in the cross-linked hydrogel form, as homo- and copolymers with N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm). The protonation reaction thermodynamics of the COO- group were studied in aqueous media, at different temperatures and at increased concentrations of sodium chloride, mainly by potentiometry and solution calorimetry. The soluble polymer, namely poly(N-acryloyl-l-phenylalanine), and its copolymers with low NIPAAm content displayed characteristic features. Their basicity constants (log K), as well as the enthalpy (−ΔH°) changes in relation to α (degree of protonation) showed an abrupt drop at α = 0.5. This was ascribed to the formation of hydrogen bonds between the protonated and the ionized neighboring COO- groups. The process was driven by the side-chain aromatic rings that improved hydrophobic interactions. The entropy (ΔS°) changes sharply increased as a result of the increased macromolecular conformational freedom and the relea...


The Unmanned Ariel Vehicle Model is Mounted in the Wind Tunnel. where its Longitudinal Motion of Electric Propeller was Developed and Simulated as a Free Aircraft Flight. the Numerical Values of the Aerodynamic Stability and Control Derivatives are Evaluated via the Digital Tornado Algorithm. this Evaluation is Carried out Based on the Geometric Parameters of the Airplane, Aircraft Center of Gravity and Mass Moment of Inertia. the Stability and Response of the Linearized Longitudinal Model of the Considered Aircraft are Tested and Investigated. the Onboard Computer is Implemented Based on a Microcontroller Pic16f877a, where the Pitch Angle and Speed of the Considered Free Flight Vehicle are Read Respectively by an Gyroscope and Pressure Sensors. and the Microcontroller Read these Signals via Analog to Digital Converter which are in Turns as a Serial Digital Data by Using of Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receive Transmit. Apply the Personal Computer to Receive the Serial Signal through the PC RS232 Standard as Serial Data. where in the PC, the Visual Basic Algorithm is Written as well in Order to Display and Plot the Pitch Angle Airspeed Responses on the Screen. Finally, the Experimental Results of Aircraft Free Flight in Real Time are Obtained by Carrying out the Simulation in the Wind Tunnel.


The malleability of the generic interpretation of masculine role names in French was investigated by manipulating readers' exposure to feminine forms. In two experiments, participants were to decide whether a person introduced by a kinship term (e.g., sister) could be part of a group represented by a role name (e.g., nurse, musicians). In Experiment 1, role names were presented in the masculine form in the first part and in either the masculine or the feminine form in the second part. Independent of role name stereotypicality, participants were less likely to relate female kinship terms to role names in the masculine form and even less likely when they were also exposed to feminine forms. These results were replicated in a second experiment, in which the communication source was varied: Before performing the experimental task, participants read job advertisements that either used only the masculine or both the masculine and the feminine form. When feminine forms were added, the generic interpretation of t...


Many books and articles have been written about a Response to Intervention (RtI) model of service delivery for students who are struggling learners. Little has been written about this model's usefulness as a means of addressing the needs of advanced learners or twice-exceptional learners whose needs may be both remedial and advanced. The National Association of State Directors of Special Education (NASDSE; 2005) defined RtI as the "practice of providing high-quality instruction and interventions matched to student need, monitoring progress frequently to make decisions about changes in instruction or goals and applying child response data to important educational decisions" (p. 3). It further stated that this practice should be used in "general, remedial, and special education" (NASDSE, 2005, p. 3). This statement does not include gifted education. The NASDSE document did not address gifted children, nor did it define "high-quality instruction" as opportunities for acceleration or enrichment.


The reservoir in Xingcheng gas field has a complex lithology. In order to study the diversity of the capability of reservoirs and to find a most favorable reservoir, this paper analyzes the pore genesis and evolution, the petrosal structural fabric, and the physical properties related with tectonic disturbance, as the controlling factors of the reservoir storage. The results show that reservoir physical properties influence the diagenesis type and development, and tectonic disturbance. The petrosal structural fabric controls diagenesis and the physical properties related with tectonic disturbance. Advantageous petrosal structural fabric is a very important prerequisite for a favorable reservoir formation and is the main controlling factor for volcanic reservoir properties. In the studied area, the favorable reservoir rocks comprise volcanic rubble, rubble lava, and porous rhyolite, where rubble lava is the most important component, volcanic rubble and porous rhyolite take the second place, volcanic agglomerate, tuff, competent rhyolite, and low-porosity rhyolite can hardly be the effective reservoir rocks.


This is a preliminary presentation of Moses Ibn Tibbon's Answers to Queries on Physics, to be followed by an edition and English translation of the text. This treatise, preserved in a single manuscript, was inspired by queries sent to Ibn Tibbon by his nephew, probably Jacob ben Makhir. Ibn Tibbon shaped his answers as an introduction to Aristotelian natural science, apparently aiming at an all-inclusive, if concise, presentation of sublunar physics and cosmology. Into this he incorporates some astrology and metaphysics, as well as an interpretation of Jacob's ladder. The Answers collates the interpretations of Aristotle by Avicenna, Averroes, Maimonides, and Samuel Ibn Tibbon. Some problems implied by Ibn Tibbon's treatment of their theories are discussed. The Answers does more than simply add to our knowledge of Moses Ibn Tibbon's science and of the Tibbon family's customary method of study. It also offers the possibility of understanding the study of natural philosophy among Jews during the years that separate Moses Ibn Tibbon from the fourteenth century. Pointing out some difficulties in the basic assumptions of Aristotelian theory, Answers may be a precursor of the attitudes of the scholars of that later time and their sophisticated discussions of the same difficulties.


Egg production of the blue grenadier, Macruronus novaezelandiae, spawning stock off western Tasmania was surveyed from June through September in 1994 and 1995. In each year, daily egg production rates were calculated for each of three surveys and a normal curve was fitted to estimate annual egg production. The CV for the egg production estimate for the survey at the peak of the 1995 season was 14%. Daily egg mortality was not significant in any survey, but a value of 5% was assumed. The spawning biomass of blue grenadier on the west coast of Tasmania was estimated to be between 83 660 and 100 073 t in 1994 and between 59 727 and 71 376 t in 1995. Confidence limits of the estimates were obtained by a bootstrap where the highly skewed egg density data were resampled. Biomass was approximately inversely proportional to incubation time. Increases or decreases in mortality resulted in slightly smaller increases or decreases of biomass respectively. Uncertainty of the sex ratio between spawning and non-spawning periods caused the largest variation in biomass estimate (~30%). The proportion of the population that spawns each year remains a further uncertainty in the estimate of total stock biomass.


Inf rared and Raman i n v e s t i g a t i o n s of i n t r a c t a b l e carbonaceous materials such as carbon blacks, coal chars , a c t i v a t e d carbons, and graphi te , have not been poss i b l e i n the p a s t . F r i e d e l and Hofer have succeeded i n o b t a i n i n g a n i n f r a r e d transmission spec rum of one of the most d i f f i c u l t o f these , a coal-based a c t i v a t e d


Only since 1950 has the issue of delimitation of the territorial sea been regarded separately by scholars. Before this time, attention centered (with a few worthy exceptions) around the question of determining the extension of the territorial sea. What brought this delicate issue to the notice of scholars was the rise of an international controversy over the delimitation of Norway's territorial waters. Norway broke away from the customary practice of the day, which was to use the low-water line as the base-line for measuring territorial waters. Instead, Norway established by Royal Decree of July 12, 1935 that the baseline for Norwegian territorial waters was to consist of baselines drawn between selected points along the coast. The Norwegian Decree was based on firmly established national entitlements, geographical conditions predominating on the Norwegian coast, and the protection of the vital interests of her inhabitants. The length of these lines differed according to the coast and, in several places, exceeded forty miles. The adoption of the Royal Decree produced violent protests, particularly from the United Kingdom. After several incidents, the United Kingdom brought the controversy before the International


This study was conducted to develop a technology for raising rice hydroponically seedlings using the bed in which the seedlings grew in nutrient solution without soil. In Hydroponic rice seedlings, two nutrient solutions (Yashida and Wonsi) were evaluated with four supplying methods [ 3 times (2 days, 8 days and 12 days after seeding), 2 times (5 days and 10 days after seeding), and 1 time (5 days and 10 days after seeding)] 1, Seedling growth was not different between the two solutions. However, tensile strength of root-mat was higher in Yoshida solution than in Wonsi solution. The more frequent supply of solution resulted in the better seedling growth but in the weaker root mat. Utilization efficiency of the solution minerals was not different in N content regardless of supplying frequencies, but higher in r, K, Ca and Mg when supplied only once on the 5 days after seeding.


The properties of sub-micrometer scaled MTJs using various synthetic antiferromagnetic (SAF) free layer were studied using remanent-state measurement. The magnetic tunnel junction device was a structure consisted of TiN/PtMn/CoFe/Ru/CoFe/AlO/NiFe/Ru/NiFe/Ta. It was found that junctions using single free layer showed complex switching behaviors with larger switching field variation while the junction using a specific SAF free layer exhibited kink-free R-H curves with less switching field variation. MR ratio and magnetization moment of the MTJ were also measured


The concept of pattern derivative is introduced in an optimal sense in a randomly perturbed linear array with equispaced isotropic elements. The effects of the random variations of weights and element positions on the expectations of the first-order derivative of array space-frequency and power responses are analyzed and employed in optimum weight solutions. Without loss of generality, it is assumed that the expected positions of elements are confined to one-dimensional space; the directions of arrivals for the relevant signals are confined to two-dimensional space; and the element positions vary randomly in three-dimensional space. To illustrate the broadband null performance, an optimum point null and an optimum derivative null are combined to produce a deep null in a three-element linear array.<<ETX>>


In this paper, by using the dynamic photoelastic technique, the small-scale explosive experments for the epoxy resin containing cracks is performed to simulate the geological weak-surface and the default structures. The phenomenon of blasting stress wave propagation over plane interface is strudied. The research provides useful experimental date for the study of blasting fracture mechanism in complex medium in mining enginerring.


This issue comes at a time when librarians worldwide are trying to approach work with some sense of normalcy, when in fact nothing at all is normal or business as usual My own Viewpoint in this issue looks at publishing in art librarianship during uncertain times but other articles in this issue demonstrate the resilience of librarians and researchers – tackling issues and research problems existing long before anyone had heard of COVID-19


Flexible tactile sensors with high sensitivity have received considerable attention for their use in wearable electronics, human-machine interfaces, and health-monitoring devices. Although various micro/nanostructured materials are introduced for high-performance tactile sensors, simultaneously obtaining high sensitivity and a wide sensing range remains challenging. Here, a resistive tactile sensor is presented based on the hierarchical topography of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) prepared by a low-cost and straightforward manufacturing process. The 3D hierarchical structure of the CNTs over large areas is formed by transferring vertically aligned CNT bundles to a prestrained elastomer substrate and subsequently densifying them through capillary forming, providing a monotonic increase in the contact area as applied pressure. The deformable and hierarchical structure of CNTs allows the sensor to exhibit a wide sensing range (0-100 kPa), high sensitivity (141.72 kPa-1 ), and low detection limit (10 Pa). Additionally, the capillary-formed CNT structure results in increased durability of the sensor over repeated pressures. Based on these advantages, meaningful applications of tactile sensors, such as object recognition gloves and multidirectional force perceptions, are successfully realized. Given the scalable fabrication method, 3D hierarchically structured CNTs provide an essential step toward next-generation wearable devices.


The post-war development of the phonetic sciences has made the study of the relation between phonetics and phonemics extremely interesting. Phoneticians nowadays are able to predict the time course of the sound waves produced by a speaker who makes his articulatory organs assume a certain position. The calculation of the vowel formants has been reduced to the manipulation of comparatively simple nomograms. The relation between the formants and the patterns of impulses in the auditory nerve can be predicted with reasonable probability. The art of magnetic recording has been developed almost to perfection making possible storing and identical reproduction of spoken material. The phonetician of to-day, provided his laboratory (if any) is sensibly equipped, can measure what really goes on in the mechanism of speaking and hearing, so that he is able to determine to what extent a listener can really rely on the information contained in the sound waves emitted by the speaker. He is able to indicate when the listener must apply this knowledge about the acoustic coding habits of a particular speaker or even, when he has to guess. This improved technique of phonetic eavesdropping gradually discloses the generalizing nature and attitude of phonemics and writing, without in the least needlessly attacking these disciplines. Phonetics only comes to grips with phonemics in self-defence when phoneticians are asked to answer questions outside their discipline or when phonemicists use terms, notions or methods outside their discipline. Some linguists show clear signs of irritation when phoneticians attempt to assess the traditional way in which the phonemes are 'dis-


Food processing surfaces fouled with organic material pose problems ranging from aesthetic appearance, equipment malfunction and product contamination. Despite the importance of organic soiling for subsequent product quality, little is known about the interaction between surfaces and organic soil components. A range of complex and defined food soils was applied to 304 stainless steel (SS) surfaces to determine the effect of type and concentration of soil on surface physicochemical parameters, viz surface hydrophobicity (ΔGiwi ), surface free energy (γs), Lifshitz van der Waals ( ), Lewis acid base ( ), electron acceptor ( ) and electron donor ( ) measurements. When compared to the control surface, changes in and were indicative of surface soiling. However, soil composition and surface coverage were heterogeneous, resulting in complex data being generated from which trends could not be discerned. These results demonstrate that the retention of food soil produces changes in the physicochemical parameters of the surface that could be used to indicate the hygienic status of a surface.


Abstract: We present results of Monte Carlo simulation and chaos approximation of a class of Markov processes with a countable or continuous set of states. Each of these states can be written as a finite (finite case) or infinite in both directions (infinite case) sequence of pluses and minuses denoted by ⊕ and ⊖. As continuous time goes on, our sequence undergoes the following three types of local transformations: The first one, called flip, changes any minus into plus and any plus into minus with a rate β. Another, called annihilation, eliminates two neighbor components with a rate α whenever they are in differents states. The third one, called mitosis, doubles any component with a rate γ. All of them occur at any place of the sequence independently. Our simulations and approximations suggest that with appropriate positive values of α, β and γ this process has the following two properties. Growth: In the finite case, as the process goes on, the length of the sequence tends to infinity with a probability which tends to 1 when the length of the initial sequence tends to ∞. Non-ergodicity: The infinite process is non-ergodic and the finite process keeps most of the time at two extremes, occasionally swinging from one to the other.


Cross-technology interference is a major threat to the dependability of low-power wireless communications. Due to power and bandwidth asymmetries, technologies such as Wi-Fi tend to dominate the RF channel and unintentionally destroy low-power wireless communications from resource-constrained technologies such as ZigBee, leading to severe coexistence issues. To address these issues, existing schemes make ZigBee nodes individually assess the RF channel's availability or let Wi-Fi appliances blindly reserve the medium for the transmissions of low-power devices. Without a two-way interaction between devices making use of different wireless technologies, these approaches have limited scenarios or achieve inefficient network performance. This paper presents BiCord, a bidirectional coordination scheme in which resource-constrained wireless devices such as ZigBee nodes and powerful Wi-Fi appliances coordinate their activities to increase coexistence and enhance network performance. Specifically, in BiCord, ZigBee nodes directly request channel resources from Wi-Fi devices, who then reserve the channel for ZigBee transmissions on-demand. This interaction continues until the transmission requirement of ZigBee nodes is both fulfilled and understood by Wi-Fi devices. This way, BiCord avoids unnecessary channel allocations, maximizes the availability of the spectrum, and minimizes transmission delays. We evaluate BiCord on off-the-shelf Wi-Fi and ZigBee devices, demonstrating its effectiveness experimentally. Among others, our results show that BiCord increases channel utilization by up to 50.6% and reduces the average transmission delay of ZigBee nodes by 84.2% compared to state-of-the-art approaches.


We prove that the sweeping process on a "regular" class of
convex sets is equicontinuous. Classes of polyhedral sets with
a given finite set of normal vectors are regular, as well as
classes of uniformly strictly convex sets. Regularity is
invariant to certain operations on classes of convex sets such
as intersection, finite union, arithmetic sum and affine
transformation.


Background  Colorectal anastomotic leakage (AL) is a severe complication leading to severe infection, sepsis and sometimes death. At present the diagnosis is made clinically, usually at 6–8 days after surgery. An objective biomarker reflecting the intra‐abdominal milieu surrounding the anastomosis would be a useful additional diagnostic tool to make the diagnosis of AL before its clinical presentation. This review aims to assess the current status of the search for such a biomarker in peritoneal fluid.


Within the current context, it seems essential to reflect about the strong presence of communication technologies in our lives. All of us are involved with these media logics that offer, fight for, and negotiate visibilities and the ability to enunciate in the contemporary scenario. In that sense, in order to set the debate, we highlighted some aspects related to the media in terms of its connection to interventions in community radio stations, as well as aspects linked to mental health. The subjects that participated 1 Versao ampliada do trabalho apresentado no XV Encontro Nacional da Associacao Brasileira de Psicologia Social. 2009, na Mesa Redonda: "Tecnologias de comunicacao, comunidade e saude mental", sob o titulo "Entre improvisos e imprevistos: os modos de comunicar potencia mental". 2 Mestranda do Curso de Pos-Graduacao em Psicologia Social e Institucional – PPGPSI-UFRGS 3 Docente do Instituto de Cultura e Arte da UFC, doutora em Ciencias da Comunicacao 4 Docente do Instituto de Psicologia UFRGS, doutora em Saude Coletiva UERJ Radio-Acontecimento: Modos de Comunicar Potencia Mental STREPPEL, GORCZEVSKI e PALOMBINI 2 in the present study are "crazy radio announcers" of the Radio Collective "Potencia Mental", a group that produces radio shows. The analysis of the weekly meetings for the production and broadcast of the radio shows is emphasized. We analyzed the desire of communicating different ways of enunciating madness and, through madness, communicating other meanings created as a result of impromptus and mischances in the (schizo)radiocasting event.


A preliminary hazard assessment was completed during February 2015 to evaluate the conceptual design of the modular hydrothermal liquefaction treatment system. The hazard assessment was performed in 2 stages. An initial assessment utilizing Hazard Identification and Preliminary Hazards Analysis (PHA) techniques identified areas with significant or unique hazards (process safety-related hazards) that fall outside of the normal operating envelope of PNNL and warranted additional analysis. The subsequent assessment was based on a qualitative What-If analysis. This analysis was augmented, as necessary, by additional quantitative analysis for scenarios involving a release of hazardous material or energy with the potential for affecting the public.


Public road accidents (AVP) are frequent and serious and are responsible for numerous cranioencephalic and neurological lesions. Paralyzes of the oculomotor nerves are frequently reported, especially in young subjects during these AVPs. We report the case of complete paralysis of the third pair of cranial nerves in a 22-year-old young lady, following a road accident. Clinical examination revealed intrinsic and extrinsic paralysis of the 3rd pair of cranial nerves. Computed tomography showed a subarachnoid hemorrhage. After 7 days of hospitalization under analgesics and hyperhydration, a complete regression of the lesions was obtained. An angio-scan performed 3 months after the accident showed a slight non-significant stenosis of 25. 54% of the left internal carotid without anomaly of the intracranial vascular network. Paralyzes of the third cranial pair, total or partial, most often regress within variable periods of 6 months to 2 years. The prevention of accidents on the public highway requires the application of road safety measures.


System level simulation (SLS) is a good method for evaluating the performance of wireless networks. By using a single computer and simplifying the level of link level details it provides a good measure of the performance for large-scale complex wireless systems. Vienna downlink SLS is one of the most popular tools used for the performance evaluation and analysis of 4G LTE/LTE-A wireless networks. In this work we implement 256-QAM module for Vienna SLS and complement all the required parts of the simulator to support this functionality. We also show how much performance gain can be obtained when using 256-QAM in various simulation settings. It is verified that the network performance does not increase much in dense network deployments.


For a Green biset functor $A$, we define the commutant and the center of $A$ and we study some of their properties and their relationship. This leads in particular to the main application of these constructions: the possibility of splitting the category of $A$-modules as a direct product of smaller abelian categories. We give explicit examples of such decompositions for some classical shifted representation functors. These constructions are inspired by similar ones for Mackey functors for a fixed finite group.


The objective of this study was to examine the relation between mother's ambivalence over emotional expressiveness and children's strategies emotion regulation and social competence. The subject of the study was 360 children in 4, 5, 6 years old, their mothers and teachers of two kindergartens in Dal-seogu in Daegu. AEQ(King & Emmons, 1990) was used for mother's ambivalence over emotional expressiveness. The combination of ECR(Shiels & Cicchetti, 1995) was used for children's strategies of emotion regulation and SCBE(La Freniere & Dumas, 1995) was used for social competence. For the analysis of data Pearson's Correlation coefficient was applied. The Results were following: First, the study showed that there was a relation between mother's ambivalence over emotional expressiveness and children's strategies of emotion regulation. Both mother's ambivalence over emotional expressiveness and ambivalence over negative emotional competence had negative correlation and had positive correlation with maladjusted strategies of emotion regulation. Secondly, it was showed that mother's ambivalence over emotional expressiveness had relation with children's social competence. Mother's ambivalence over positive and negative emotional expressiveness had negative correlation with calmness, sociality, cooperation, self-control held in a subordinate position and had no correlation with integration. Thus, we can recognize that not only children's age and gender but also mother's ambivalence over emotional expressiveness was an important variable in children's strategies of emotion regulation and social competence.


In the past few decades, Frequency Selective Surfaces (FSS) have been the subject of many studies. They have been used in many applications such as filters, radomes, polarizers, and wireless security [1]-[3]. Conventional FSSs consist of a two-dimensional (2D) periodic arrangement of certain shapes of metallic elements or aperture elements within a metallic screen. The spectral and spatial responses of these structures are affected by various physical and electrical parameters such as the shape and type of the constituting elements, inter-element spacing, and dielectric substrate parameters. Due to the rapid development in wireless communications, there has been a great demand to increase the communication capacity and the capabilities of multi function and multi frequency systems. As an important component of this system, the design of multi-band FSS has attracted more attention. Many different techniques have been used to design multi-band frequency selective surfaces. This is achieved either by applying perturbation to the structure [4] or by using multi-resonant constituting elements [5]. Recently, a new technique for designing second-order dual-band FSS has been reported [6]. In this technique, a combination of resonant elements and non-resonant sub-wavelength elements are used. At the lower band of operation, the unit cell of the FSS is composed of non-resonant sub-wavelength elements, while at the higher band of operation the unit cell of the FSS will act as a compact resonant slot structure with truncated ground planes. One restriction in these types of multi-band FSS structures is the large separation between the two bands.


We apply a phenomenological four-parameter equation to fit and analyze regularly measured current density-voltage JV curves of various technologies. The physically meaningful four parameters, short-circuit current density Jsc, open-circuit voltage Voc, and differential resistances Rsc and Roc are determined for one-week data intervals of an exemplarily chosen CdTe module during 2.5 years of outdoor operation. For the chosen thin-film module, the fill factor FF degradation outweighs the degradation of Jsc and Voc. Interestingly, the Voc vs. log(Jsc) curves of the module at low irradiation unveil an increasing influence of a double-exponential diode behavior. The data hint at an increasing voltage-dependent charge-carrier collection in CdTe.


This paper proposes an interleaved Inductor-Inductor-Capacitor resonant converter with cascaded voltage-doubler circuits for deeply depleted plug-in electric vehicle battery charging. The use of voltage double circuits extends the operating range of converter by mitigating the effects of transformer's parasitic capacitors. The converter has two modes of operation: simultaneous and independent. In the former mode both interleaving converters operate together at the same frequency and in the later mode only one converter operates. In the former mode, it yields twofold higher gain compared to the later one. Thus, operation with combined mode changing and frequency control results in wider output voltage range. For confirmation, a laboratory prototype rated at input dc voltage of 400 V and output power of 1.5 kW is designed, and implemented. The results obtained from the prototype show that converter achieves a wide output voltage range of 100–420 V when operated in simultaneous mode with simple frequency control and an output voltage range of 50–100 V in the independent mode. With combined frequency and mode changing control, it achieves an output range of 50–420 V. The peak efficiency of converter was measured to be 95.65% at a peak power of 1.5 kW. Thus, the proposed converter is suitable for the dc–dc stage of on-board PEV battery charger.


OTHER PUBLICATIONS (73) Assignee: Luitpold Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Shirley, NY (US "USP Monograph for Iron Sucrose Injection', 2nd Supplement to y (US) the USP-NF, pp. 1-5, Jul/Aug. 2002. (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this S"S t inst plug Sting Alias itle O al OSage orms, ept. o Ca al al past l 5Ss, Edusted under 35 Services, Food & Drug Administration, CDER. Aug. 1997. M YWy yS. S. Beshara, et al., "Kinetic analysis of 52Fe-labelled iron(III) hydroxide-Sucrose complex following bolus administration using (21) Appl. No.: 10/979,796 positron emission tomography, Br J Haematol, vol. 104 (2), pp. 288-295, Feb. 1999. (22) Filed: Nov. 2, 2004 Richard Lawrence, "Development and Comparison of Iron Dextran O O Products', PDA Journal of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, (65) Prior Publication Data vol. 52, No. 5, pp. 190-197, Sep./Oct. 1998. I. Erni, et al., "Chemical Characterization of Iron (III)-Hydroxide US 2005/O123504 A1 Jun. 9, 2005 Dextrin Complexes'. Arzheim.-Forsch/Drug. Res., vol. 34. (II), pp.


The invention relates to a full-automatic horizontal adjusting device based on a liquid level sensor, comprising four containers which are respectively arranged at the four corners of a horizontal table surface and used for containing liquid; the four containers are respectively arranged on the top parts of four platform columns; the inner walls of the liquid containers are provided with liquid level sensors; the output ends of the liquid level sensors are connected with the input end of a data acquisition module; the output end of the data acquisition module is connected with the input end of a PLC programmable controller; the output end of the PLC programmable controller is connected with the input end of a servo motor; the output end of the servo motor is connected with the input end of a hydraulic oil pump which is connected with a hydraulic oil tank and a hydraulic cylinder positioned in the platform column; the four platform columns are uniformly distributed at the four corners of the horizontal table surface; and the hydraulic cylinder is embedded in the horizontal table column. The full-automatic horizontal adjusting device can adjust the levelness of the horizontal table surface fast in real time and has high control precision.


OBJECTIVE To investigate the in vitro and in vivo effects of α-anordrin(α-Ano)on androgen-dependent and androgen-independent human prostate cancer,and compare the effect difference between them.METHODS SRB staining was applied to investigate the suppression effect of α-Ano on androgen-dependent human prostate cancer cells(LNCaP,RV1 and L1A) and androgen-independent cells (DU145 and PC-3).Athymic nude mice were subcutaneously inoculated with cells suspension to construct transplantation tumor model.After intragastric administration with α-Ano,the volume of tumor was measured and the suppression rate of the drug to the proliferation of solid tumor was calculated.RESULTS After being treated by α-Ano,the survival of LNCaP,RV1 and L1A were lower than that of DU145 and PC-3.α-Ano significantly inhibited the RV-1 xenografts tumor growth at high and low concentration,but retarded PC-3 xenografts tumor growth tenderly.α-Ano exhibited inhibition effect on PC-3 xenografts tumor at high concertration,whereas no effect at low concentration.CONCLUSION The suppression effects of α-Ano on androgen-dependent human prostate cancer is stronger than that androgen-independent cancer.


International students in Japan have been increasing in number since the Nakasone administration launched an internationalization campaign in 1983 to attract 100,000 students by the early twenty-first century. While international students were expected to return to their home countries after graduation under this plan, the government's objectives later shifted, culminating in its 300,000 International Students Plan in 2008. Beside the quantitative goal to attract 300,000 international students by the year 2020, this new plan actively promotes the hiring of international students in the Japanese labor market after their graduation. If this plan is successful, the country can expect the number of graduates applying for working visas to increase dramatically in the near future. Already, the number of working visas granted to these graduates has increased by more than three times over the period between 2002 and 2013. Based on data from the Ministry of Justice (MOJ) and the Japan Student Organisation (JASSO), this paper examines the recent changes in government measures to attract international students and analyses the impact of the growing number of these students entering the Japanese labor market after graduation.


Introduction The appropriate roles of medical practitioners to meet people's emerging needs is a challenge for many medical schools in Africa, which still base their education, research, and community services on old traditions and values. African medical schools are commonly criticised for producing graduates who do not effectively consider patients in a holistic way and are not prepared to work in rural or remote settings. Several aspects vital to care provision in rural or communitybased settings are not addressed in traditional service delivery environments in Africa. The main reason for this gap is that training of young doctors does not integrate the realities of healthcare provision in the context of developing countries, and the content is therefore not relevant to the social, economic, and health needs of the community where graduates will eventually work1. Family medicine is designed to bridge this gap and equip trainees to serve in the community. The way each family medicine programme addresses this gap must be tailored to its specific setting, which includes challenges in training content (curriculum), the context (setting where training occurs), and the processes (methods used in training) specific to each school, region, or country. The aim of this paper is to discuss the role of a family physician in the community, to present a brief history of family medicine in Malawi, to review achievements related to family medicine training and practice in Malawi, and to project key roles that family physicians will play in the Malawian health system in the future.


modern idea of deep and surface structures was already hinted at by Linacre in 1524, and was later worked out more fully by Sanctius, who also, incidentally, shows a precocious insight into a linguistic dichotomy of the langue/ / parole type. Ramus, whose grammatical endeavours have been rather neglected hitherto, is given due credit for an uncompromisingly fonnal approach which enabled him to demolish many quite arbitrary distinctions made by his predecessors. If, with Vossius, the tide turns, and grammatical theory moves away from a formal to a more semantically based approach, this development led eventually to the supposition that there ought to be a one-


This thesis investigates whether sports outcomes for teams based in New York City affect the daily returns, volatility or trading volume of major stock indexes in the United States. Literature suggests that sports outcomes affect mood, and mood in turn can impact an individual's decision making. Additionally, financial analysts can influence stocks' behavior through their recommendations by generating a temporary buying or selling pressure. Motivated by these findings, I research whether events that affect local mood, in a major financial center where a substantial number of analysts and traders reside, can influence major national stock indexes by swaying the sentiment of workers in the financial sector, or whether an event must instead impact the sentiment of the majority of investors in a country. By performing an event study I found some evidence that returns are abnormally high following championships won by New York City professional sports teams. Returns are abnormally low and volume is abnormally high following elimination from a championship round.


Ultraviolet spectroscopy has been implemented for over thirty years to monitor volcanic SO2 emissions. These data have provided valuable information concerning underground magmatic conditions, which have been of utility in eruption forecasting efforts. During the last decade the traditionally used correlation spectrometers have been upgraded with miniature USB coupled UV spectrometers, opening a series of exciting new empirical possibilities for understanding volcanoes and their impacts upon the atmosphere. Here we review these technological developments, in addition to the scientific insights they have precipitated, covering the strengths and current limitations of this approach.


Objective: To investigate the effect of taurine on learning and memory impairment, cytokines secretion in rats intrahippocampally injected with β-amyloid (Aβ) 1-40. Methods: SD rats were randomly divided into control group, Aβ injected group, taurine (0.3g/kg·d, 0.6g/kg·d) groups. The rats were fed with taurine for 7 days, and then subjected to bilateral intrahippocampus injection of Aβ1-40 or vehicle. Two weeks later, all rats performed Morris water maze test. The contents of IL-6, TNF-α were checked by way of radio-immunity assay for hippocampus samples. Results: Compared with Aβmodel group, the escape latency and distance were significantly reduced in taurine (0.6g/kg·d) group; the ratio of swimming distance in the target quadrant to that in the whole pool of the probe trial; the content of cytokines of IL-6 and TNF-αin hippocampus were reduced significantly. Conclusion: Taurine can effectively attenuate the cognitive dysfunction caused by Aβ1-40 in rats. The reduced cytokines content in hippocampus might contribute to this effect.


The key procedure of the ACO algorithm is studied deeply.Through theoretical analysis and experimental verification,a phenomena called the exploration-exploitation dilemma is proved to exist in pheromone trail updating and a novel pheromone trail updating strategy is presented on the basis of the Metropolis rule.The introduction of the simulated annealing method can effectively prevent convergence to bad solutions.When the system is at high temperatures,the algorithm will accept different solutions with larger probabilities,thus helping to achieve better explorations;when the system is at low temperatures,the algorithm will accept different solutions with smaller probabilities,which can guarantee convergence realization of the algorithm and shorten the convergence time.Four experiments on TSP instances of different scales fully prove the validity of the proposed strategy.


Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (EBV+-DLBLs) tend to occur in immunocompromised patients, such as the elderly or those undergoing solid organ transplantation. The pathogenesis and genomic characteristics of EBV+-DLBL are largely unknown because of limited availability of human samples and lack of experimental animal models. We observed the development of 25 human EBV+-DLBLs during engraftment of gastric cancer adenocarcinomas into immunodeficient mice. An integrated genomic analysis of the human-derived EBV+-DLBLs revealed enrichment of mutations in Rho pathway genes, including RHPN2, and Rho pathway transcriptomic activation. Targeting the Rho pathway using the ROCK inhibitor, fasudil, decreased tumor growth markedly in EBV+-DLBL patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. Thus, alterations in the Rho pathway appear to contribute to EBV-induced lymphomagenesis in immunosuppressed environments. Citation Format: Sung-Yup Cho. Alterations in the Rho pathway contribute to Epstein-Barr virus-induced lymphomagenesis in immunosuppressed environments [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2017 Oct 26-30; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2018;17(1 Suppl):Abstract nr A181.


Green mussel (Perna viridis) is a fishery food that is often consumed by the community because the price is relatively affordable. This animal has the potential to be used because it has a large population, but one of the problems in Indonesian waters, especially Kenjeran Beach, is that it contains Pb metal. Consuming green mussels with Pb levels will interfere with body health, so it is necessary to take action to reduce the Pb metal content in green mussels, one of which is using citric acid. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of soaking green mussel meat in citric acid with different concentrations on the reduction of Pb heavy metal levels. This research is a laboratory experimental with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 4 different treatments of immersion concentration in citric acid (0 , 0.21 , 0.25 and 0.29 M). The results showed that the immersion of green mussel meat in citric acid with concentrations of 0.21 , 0.25 and 0.29 M had a significant effect on the reduction of heavy metal lead (Pb) after immersion in citric acid at a concentration of 0.29 M is 0.1120 ppm, 0.25 M is 0.1167 ppm and 0.21 M is 0.1160 ppm. Soaking green mussels in citric acid with different concentrations did not affect the yield value of green mussel meat.


Purpose To report the association of polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal gammopathy, and skin changes (POEMS) syndrome with bilateral papilledema and bilateral choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in a 61-year-old man and to compare our findings with data from a review of the literature. Case report Diagnosis of POEMS syndrome was based on paraproteinemia immunoglobulin A lambda associated with progressive sensorimotor peripheral neuropathy and increased serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels. Shortly later, loss of vision of the left eye (LE) was noted and bilateral papilledema was observed with peripapillary hemorrhages and papillomacular subretinal fluid. Lenalidomide 25 mg daily and weekly dexamethasone 20 mg were administered and the patient was followed up closely. The systemic complaints initially were controlled and peripheral neuropathy improved. Regression of the papilledema and hemorrhages was observed as well as regression of the papillomacular edema in the LE. However, after a few months, the systemic VEGF levels increased, and an active CNV was diagnosed in the LE. Melphalan and prednisone were administered systemically, and the CNV was treated with bevacizumab intravitreal injections and these treatments proved to be effective. Conclusions Optic disc edema is reported frequently in POEMS syndrome but complication with CNV is rare, this being the second reported case.


Individual calcareous algae were known in Riphean. Their mass distribution is connected to the beginning of Cambrian. Despite of a long history of study, the nature of this group long time remained not clear. The new unique finds of algae from East Sayan region have shown, that primary carbonate thallus disappeared in the process of fossilization, and after it the calcareous cover formed by association of bacteria and cyanobacteria only.


Abstract Drawing on in-depth interviews with a group of urban poor HIV-positive mothers in Northeastern Brazil, this essay examines their experiences with HIV medical diagnosis and treatment. It argues that strong social and religious networks as well as the Universal HIV treatment program provide Northeastern Brazilian mothers with forms of support that may be absent in other countries. It further suggests that more research be done to determine how particular forms of health care, such as the human rights-based approach that Brazil has taken to HIV/AIDS, inform patient–provider relationships.


Summary The sedimentology of a key locality in the Caradoc of SW Wales is discussed for the first time. Five facies are described and interpreted: mudstones and siltstones (A), turbidite arenites (B), rudites (C), a diamictite of massflow origin (D), and muddy arenites rich in shaleclasts (E) which show a transition from massflow deposits to immature turbidites. Closely adjacent sections illustrate considerable lateral variations within an assemblage suggested to be of proximal turbidite character and to represent deposits high on a Middle Fan environment.


The invention discloses a switching power supply control circuit in a quasi-resonant mode and a control method. An output current sampling circuit is used for obtaining an output current feedback signal for representing output current information; the current sampled output current feedback signal is compared with a plurality of valley switching threshold values; when the output current feedback signal reaches a threshold voltage of a certain valley, a control circuit switches a current locked valley to another proper valley. Meanwhile, with arrangement of a retardation zone a phenomenon that valley jumping occurs when the output current feedback signal of the output current approaches the valley switching threshold value can be prevented. According to the invention, stability of locking of a valley in a quasi-resonant mode is high; and the influence by the input direct-current voltage fluctuation can be eliminated.


Two systematic reviews published in 2004 demonstrated improved survival in adult patients with septic shock who were treated with corticosteroids (JW Emerg Med Jul 28 2004). However, a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial published in 2008 found otherwise (JW Emerg Med Jan 9 2008). To further examine the effects of corticosteroid treatment for adult patients with severe sepsis and septic shock, investigators conducted a systematic …


Objective To investigate therapeutic effect,safety and post transplant immunological reconstitution for patients of lymphoma after autologous bone marrow transplantation and occurrence of Rheumatoid Arthritis.Methods The clinical situation,laboratory index and immunological reconstitution was observed for patients of lymphoma after inductive treatment,BCEA of pretreatment,autologous bone marrow transfusion,G-CSF and radiotherapy to lymph node.Results Recovery of hemopoiesis was observed after 28 days.Disappearance of joint swelling and negative ESR,CRP,IgMRF were observed after 2 months.The patients started to work after 3 months. No recurrence of lymphoma and Rheumatoid Arthritis has been observed until today.Conclusion The autologous bone marrow transplantation was safe and effective for the treatment to patient of lymphoma with rheumatoid arthritis,which was a new method for the treatment to lymphoma and other autoallergic diseases.

Key words:
Lymphoma; Arthritis,rheumatoid; Bone marrow transplantation


Biomass preprocessing and pretreatment technologies such as size reduction and chemical preconditioning are aimed at reducing the cost of ethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass. Size reduction is an energy-intensive biomass preprocessing unit operation. In this study, switchgrass, wheat straw, and corn stover were chopped in an instrumented knife mill to evaluate size reduction energy and corresponding particle size distribution as determined with a standard forage sieve analyzer. Direct mechanical power inputs were determined using a dedicated data acquisition system for knife mill screen openings from 12.7 to 50.8 mm, rotor speeds between 250 and 500 rpm, and mass feed rates from 1 to 11 kg/min. A speed of 250 rpm gave optimum performance of the mill. Optimum feed rates for 25.4 mm screen and 250 rpm were 7.6, 5.8, and 4.5 kg/min for switchgrass, wheat straw, and corn stover, respectively. Total specific energy (MJ/Mg) was defined as the size reduction energy required to operate the knife mill plus that imparted to the biomass. Effective specific energy was defined as the energy imparted to the biomass. For these conditions, total specific energies were 27.3, 37.9, and 31.9 MJ/Mg and effective specific energies were 10.1, 15.5, and 3.2 MJ/Mg for switchgrass, wheat straw, and corn stover, respectively. These results demonstrated that biomass selection affects the size reduction energy, even for biomass with similar features. Second-order polynomial equations for the total specific energy requirement fitted well (R2 > 0.95) as a function of knife mill screen size, mass feed rate, and speed for biomass materials tested. The Rosin-Rammler equation fitted the cumulative undersize mass of switchgrass, wheat straw, and corn stover chop passed through ASABE sieves with high R2 (>0.983). Knife mill chopping of switchgrass, wheat straw, and corn stover resulted in particle size distributions classified as 'well-graded strongly fine-skewed mesokurtic', 'well-graded fine-skewed mesokurtic', and 'well-graded fine-skewed mesokurtic', respectively, for small knife mill screen sizes (12.7 to 25.4 mm) and distributions classified as 'well-graded fine-skewed mesokurtic', 'well-graded strongly fine-skewed mesokurtic', and 'well-graded fine-skewed mesokurtic', respectively, for the large screen size (50.8 mm). Total and effective specific energy values per unit size reduction of wheat straw were greater compared to those for switchgrass. Corn stover resulted in reduced total and effective specific energy per unit size reduction compared to wheat straw for the same operating conditions, but higher total specific energy per unit size reduction and lesser effective specific energy per unit size reduction compared to switchgrass. Data on minimized total specific energy with corresponding particle spectra will be useful for preparing feed material with a knife mill for subsequent grinding with finer size reduction devices.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate a new tetrazoliium salt assay (WST-1) of detecting tissue and cells of preserved skin.

METHODS
With WST-1, viability of porcine and human skin split were assessed. The experimental condition such as dosage of agents, thickness of skin split, time of reaction, area of skin split and weight of skin split were determined.

RESULTS
Optimal experimental condition of skin split should be 10 mm diameter and 0.3 mm thick, incubation for 3 hours at 37 degrees C, and reagent dosage of 20 microl.

CONCLUSIONS
As a reagent for detecting cell viability, WST-1 is successfully applied to the assessment of skin viability.


NMR relaxation is routinely used in the field of geosciences to give basic petrophysical properties such as porosity, pore size distribution, saturation etc. In this tutorial, we focus on the pore size distribution deduced from NMR. We recall the basic principle used in the interpretation of the NMR signal and compare the results with other standard petrophysical techniques such as mercury pore size distribution, BET specific surface measurements, thin section visualizations. The NMR pore size distribution is a unique information available on water saturated porous media and can give similar results as MICP in certain situations. The scaling of NMR relaxation time distribution (s) into pore sizes (μm) requires the knowledge of the surface relaxivity (μm/s) and we recommend using specific surface measurements as an independent determination of solid surface areas. With usual surface relaxivities, the NMR technique can explore length‐scales starting from nano‐meters and ending around 100 μm. Finally, we wil...


Abstract Based on a comparative study of information literacy programs at California State University at Bakersfield and California State University at San Marcos campuses, the article discusses the strengths and limitations of each program. Electronic classroom is a more preferred setting than traditional classroom in teaching information literacy classes. Team-based teaching can strengthen information literacy programs. Periodical program assessment, making information literacy a college requirement, and implementing upper-division discipline-specific information classes can push information literacy programs to a higher level in these institutions. ********** In today's world, people face vast and ever-increasing quantities of information, a variety of information formats, and the rapid advancement of technology. To be successful in this world, it is critical for students to be information-competent. It is one of the urgent tasks of higher education institutions to help students develop this competency and become literate citizens of this information and technology-laden society. This situation makes information literacy (IL) programs in higher education institutions more important than ever before. IL programs face the important and challenging task of preparing students for the information age by equipping them with the skills to sort through an overwhelming amount and variety of information. These programs enable students to select and critically evaluate information and to master changing technologies in order to access the information. Many articles have discussed the importance of developing strong information literacy programs or bibliographic instructions to meet the challenge of the information age (Tiefel 1995, and Sonntag and Ohr 1996). An intensive look at the two programs provides insight on the strengths and limitations of each. The analytical study of the issues in both programs will not only help improve existing IL programs but will also lead to further program development at a higher level. Background Information California State University, Bakersfield (CSUB) and California State University, San Marcos (CSUSM) are members of the California State University (CSU) system. The CSU is one of the largest higher education systems in the United States. The CSU system boasts 23 campuses, offering bachelor's and master's degree programs in some 240 subject areas and has an enrollment of 360,000 (California State University Office of Public Affairs, 2000). Both CSUB and CSUSM are among the smaller campuses in the system with enrollments around 6000 each (California State University Analytic Studies Division, 2000). Both campuses consist of three colleges -- colleges of Arts and Science, Education, and Business Administration, offering bachelor's degrees in most traditional subject disciplines and some master's programs. Through the effort of librarians, both campuses have overcome the initial obstacles of convincing faculty and administrators of the importance of IL programs, and now have library instruction successfully integrated into the existing lower division curriculum. Program Comparison The Library Research Lab, the IL program at CSUB, is an integral component of English 110 Writing and Research Practice, the freshmen composition course. The Lab consists of five eighty-minute sessions spread out over five weeks. The first session starts three weeks after the beginning of a quarter. The final grade of the Lab counts as 10% of the total grade for this course. The Lab covers basic research strategy, search skills, CSUB library resources and services, online catalog, and library journal indexes and web resources. All five sessions are taught in the Library's electronic classrooms, which are equipped with computers and Internet access. The English 110 Library Research Skills Lab Handbook developed by the Lab instructors is used as the official textbook for the Lab. …


Location and general features of area—This report describes tests made during 1936 to artificially recharge the ground-water reservoir underlying a five-square-mile area located southeast of Salt Lake City, Utah. The area, shown by Figure 1, is about four miles long, from east to west, and about 1.25 miles wide from north to south. It is bounded on the north by Parleys Canyon Creek, on the south by Mill Creek, and on the east by the base of the Wasatch Mountains. The elevation near the base of the Wasatch Mountains is about 5200 feet above sea-level. Toward the west the slope of the ground-surface is more or less uniform to an elevation of about 4350 feet above sea-level. This lower level is at the approximate western edge of the area studied and is just below the flow line of a north-south line of natural springs which, according to Leggett and Taylor [see reference 1 at end of paper], is the natural overflow of the artesian reservoir lying to the west of this area.


The author reveals that enforcing the provisions regarding the non-imputable excess in specific cases raised issues of interpretation because of the similarities that exist between it and the legal mitigating circumstances used to excuse the provocation. It took into account the fact that the new Criminal Code entered into force on February 1, 2014 adopted a new concept related to non-imputable excess separately regulated self-defense.


The fixed income market has undergone dramatic changes and has become increasingly electronic. Currently, electronic trading represents 57 per cent of the US fixed income market, which represents a CAGR of 17 per cent since 2003, when electronic trading accounted for 30 per cent of the US fixed income market. The development of electronic trading occurred particularly in the most liquid fixed income segments, which are US treasury and mortgage-based securities (MBS). As a matter of fact, treasury instruments represented an average daily trading volume of US$539.5 billion for the first half of 2007, and MBS reached an average daily trading volume of US$319.3 during the same period. Currently, electronic trading represents nearly 80 per cent of the treasury segment and 32 per cent of MBS. Meanwhile, the development of fixed income electronic platforms led to a change in market structure and a diversification of product offerings towards multi-asset trading. Indeed, major platforms have expanded their product coverage either geographically in Europe and Asia or by entering other markets such as derivatives products. Finally, these platforms are increasing their focus on value-added services such as post-trade processing. Overall, standardisation of the fixed income product and the resultant liquidity is the key deciding factor whether a bond will be traded electronically or not. Standard products are less profitable but more likely be traded electronically.