Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) is an endogenously produced gasotransmitter which has been shown to play a role within the central nervous system. Prior studies have shown that H2S has presynaptic effects on neurons of the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) through modulation of glutamate transmission. We have also recently demonstrated postsynaptic effects of H2S on the membrane potential of NTS neurons. The current study was undertaken to investigate the ion channels in NTS neurons modulated by H2S. Using whole cell voltage‐clamp recordings we found that H2S causes a decrease in current evoked in the depolarizing range of a slow voltage ramp indicative of modulation of the voltage activated potassium conductance IK. This conductance was found to decrease by a mean of 20.2 ± 2.5% (n=11) at the end of the ramp (10 mV) following application of 10 mM NaHS, a H2S donor, with all 11 neurons influenced in a similar manner. All cells demonstrated a partial to full recovery of this conductance after wash off of NaHS. The present work suggests that H2S controls the excitability of NTS neurons, at least in part through the modulation of the delayed rectifier potassium conductance, IK.


What is the best treatment for acute pulmonary oedema? There is a wealth of large scale randomized studies conducted in chronic stable heart failure which informs the management of the condition and has helped in drawing up guidelines. In contrast, there have been very few trials of treatment for acute pulmonary oedema. Pulmonary oedema is an appalling experience. For many patients, it is the most distressing thing they ever experience. The pathophysiological model that best appears to describe the syndrome is the straightforward haemodynamic model: left ventricular filling pressure rises, causing a rise in pulmonary venous and pulmonary capillary pressure. The pressure exceeds the colloid osmotic pressure in the vessels and oedema fluid accumulates in the air spaces; the rate of accumulation exceeds the rate of lymphatic drainage, and the patient starts to drown. Traditional management has focussed on the need to reduce ventricular filling pressures, principally with nitrates, and on inducing a diuresis with loop diuretics. Oxygen at high flow rates is given. In passing, there is a certain lack of logic to this approach: in acute pulmonary oedema, there has been little time for the patient to develop fluid overload, and the problem is mainly haemodynamic. Circulatory support with positive inotropic drugs is sometimesneeded. Intubation and positive pressure ventilation is the last resort and offers the distressed and tiring patient almost immediate relief of symptoms, whilst buying time for pharmacological treatment to work. Data are slowly accumulating on the possible role of non-invasive respiratory support but the techniques and equipment are fertile areas for confusion. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) should be distinguished from non-invasive positive pressure ventilation, although both can be applied with similar looking nasal or full-face masks. Patients on CPAP are breathing spontaneously and determine the depth and frequency of their breaths. The pressure is communicated to the airway at a constant level throughout the respiratory cycle and is positive in relation to atmospheric pressure at the end of expiration. In contrast, positive pressure ventilation blows air and entrained gases into the lung. Gas flow is primarily determined by the ventilator and the pressure


of these defects. However, the knowledge amongst the various dental and medical practitioners about the same has been at sparse. This survey helps to evaluate the knowledge among different practitioners.


We present a coherent single-carrier system with optimized channel estimation and low-complexity fractionally-spaced frequency-domain equalizer. The concept is experimentally demonstrated for QPSK and 16-QAM systems to enable substantial overhead and complexity reduction without performance degradation.


Objective: To analyze the different surface characteristics of the dentine cavity floor created after preparation with Carisolv or conventional drilling. Methods: Nine extracted carious teeth were divided into three different groups. One group was not treated. The other two groups were treated with bur or Carisolv to remove carious dentin respectively. All teeth were analyzed by SEM. Results: The cavity surface of the drilling group appeared rougher with irregular particles scattered throughout the surface area. A well-defined smear layer was detected. The dentine tubule orifices were plugged with material. The cavity surface of the Carisolv group showed that the smear layer was consistently removed and the dentinal tubules of carious dentin were exposed. Conclusion: Carisolv produced a cavity surface with little smear layer.


Aims This study examined the reasons for e-cigarette (EC) use, changes in self-efficacy and association between EC use and cessation of tobacco among Canadian young adult smokers over a 6-month period. Methods A secondary analysis was conducted using data from a randomised controlled trial (RCT) of young adult Canadian smokers. EC exposure was defined as persistent, transient and non-use of ECs at baseline and follow-up. The association between EC exposure and cessation was examined using logistic regression and adjusting for co-variates. Results At 6-month follow-up, persistent EC use was associated with a lower cessation rate (13%) than transient (23%) or non-use (29%). After adjusting for covariates, non-use and transient use were associated with higher odds of cessation than persistent use (AOR = 3.23, 95% CI = 1.41–7.40, P P Conclusions Among young adult Canadian smokers enrolled in a RCT of a cessation intervention, persistent and transient use of ECs was associated with a lower smoking cessation rate at 6 months.


Digital Signal Processing (DSP) involves acquiring real time signals, digitizing them and mathematically manipulate to extract useful information. Traditionally DSP has been taught in engineering colleges using simulation software to develop interest among students. Connections between abstract signal processing theory and real-world signal processing system design are difficult to illustrate in a packed undergraduate curriculum. We have proposed usage of skits for explaining concepts and employing students to act and interactive audiovisual aids as tools for learning DSP. Based on the pretest and posttest scores, we found that group using Skits and audiovisual tools got better scores than group using only audiovisual tools in their ability to understand concepts by applying to simple real world examples. Hence the usage of these interactive teaching aids helps in increase of student's interest to learn, visualize and understand key DSP concepts.


The catalytic decomposition of 2-propanol on powders of "pure" and lithium oxide doped magnesium oxide has been investigated in the temperature range 300–450 °C by a pulse reactor technique. With the "pure" magnesium oxide samples the selectivity for dehydrogenation decreases with increasing temperature with an abrupt change in the region of 375 °C. The effect of the lithium oxide dopant is to depress the selectivity for dehydrogenation at the lower temperatures. The dopant does not appear to affect the dehydration activity and the decrease in selectivity is ascribed to the strong chemisorption of acetone at anion vacancies.


Establishing a liberating learning climate analyzing the situation and helping learners do the same generating a competency profile self-assessment of learning needs drafting a learning agreement or contract self-management of learning reflection and learning evaluation and validation of learning co-ordinating self-directed learning.


Crest Chemicals is part of a joint venture between Brenntag and AECI. The AECI and Brenntag partnership brings with it extensive knowledge and relationships of customers and suppliers both locally and globally. For customers this is important as its worlds of applications through Crest Chemicals can meet the best technologies its partners can offer. This partnership also gives Crest Chemicals access to innovation, sourcing of quality product, best practices in safety, sustainability and its supply chain. Both AECI and Brenntag are well established strong brands in the chemical industry. Both are listed on the stock exchanges in Johannesburg and Frankfurt respectively. For both partners,compliance to international standards is key with respect to safety, financial, and environmental and other local regulations. AECI brings local expertise management know-how and networks while Brenntag offers international distribution knowledge, and sourcing strength with over 10,000 products.


The modifying effects of quinacrine administration during the post‐initiation phase of carcinogenesis were investigated in hamsters treated with N‐nitrosobis(2‐oxopropyl)amine (BOP). Female Syrian hamsters were given three weekly s.c. injections of BOP at a dose of 10 mg/kg and then 300 or 100 ppm quinacrine in their diet for 37 weeks. Additional groups of animals received the BOP injection alone, or only the 300 ppm quinacrine treatment as BOP‐negative controls. At week 40 of the experiment, all surviving animals were killed and development of proliferative lesions was assessed histopathologically. The multiplicity of pancreatic adenocarcinomas and dysplastic lesions per hamster was significantly higher (P<0.01 and P<0.05) in the BOP/Q100 group (1.92 and 1.78) than in the BOP‐alone group (1.07 and 0.79). The incidence of hepatocellular adenomas plus carcinomas was also significantly elevated (P<0.05) in the BOP/Q300 and BOP/Q100 groups. In contrast, the multiplicity of lung adenomas plus adenocarcinomas was significantly decreased (P<0.05) by the Q300 treatment. Neither the incidence nor the multiplicity of renal cell tumors (adenomas and carcinomas) or nephroblastomas significantly differed between the BOP‐treated groups. Electron microscopic examination revealed an abundance of myeloid lamellar bodies filling the cytoplasm of hepatocytes and pancreatic ductular and acinar cells, and epithelial cells of the gallbladder in the quinacrine‐treated animals, the degree being dose‐dependent. Our results indicate that quinacrine enhances pancreatic and hepatic carcinogenesis in hamsters induced by BOP.


This makes an analysis of the present conditions of the democratic management from the aspects of college management system, faculty representative conference, teachers' and students' rights and administrative bodies. And then it voices the writer's views of how to strengthen collegiate democratic management under the new situation.


Stangenes Industries has developed a solid-state inductor-driven kicker magnet pulse generator for use in a particle accelerator application. The system operates in a neutron environment which precludes the use of standard capacitor-driven systems. A 500–700 A pulse is produced by switching high-current through a large 360 μH inductor from the circuit return into a 6.5 μH kicker magnet. The DC magnetic field inside the inductor resists change in current producing a maximum 3.5 kV sinusoidal voltage pulse across the kicker magnet. A di/dt of 450 A/μs is produced in the kicker magnet and the current is maintained at a DC level until the system receives a command to end the deflection of the particle beam, whereby the switches again change state removing the kicker magnet from the source. Both the controls and the high-current DC supply are located 40 meters from the generator. The time of application and level of high-voltage across the IGBT switches is limited to a few μs and half the rated switch breakdown voltage, respectively. This topology statistically reduces the probability of a neutron-induced switch failure.


Stateful networking functions that can be offloaded on programmable data planes are gaining interest for their potential efficiency in using hardware resources and their ability to process large traffic volumes at high speed. However, the success of this function virtualization paradigm largely depends on the availability of fast prototyping environments for the developer community and the integration with state of the art SDN controllers. In this demo, we present FlowBlaze.p4 and its integration with the ONOS SDN controller. FlowBlaze.p4 is an Extended Finite State Machines (EFSM) executor implemented in P4 that can run on BMv2, helping to prototype new use cases with a small turnaround time. We integrated FlowBlaze.p4 with ONOS and Trellis to deploy stateful network applications within full SDN-based data-center fabrics. We demonstrate the platform with two scenarios showing the workflow to use and deploy the proposed library to implement new use cases.


In multilingual countries like India, majority of the documents may contain text information in more than one script/language forms. For automatic processing of such documents through optical character recognition (OCR), it is necessary to design multilingual OCR. With reference to Karnataka state, this paper proposed handwritten Kannada and English character recognition system. The proposed zone based pixel density features are employed for classification of Kannada and English characters. A total of 6,000 handwritten Kannada and English sample images are used for classification. The character images are normalised into 32 × 32 dimensions. Then the normalised images are divided into 64 zones and their pixel densities are calculated and generated a total of 64 features. Further, these features are fed to KNN and SVM classifiers for recognition of the said characters. To measure the performance of the classifiers two-fold cross validation is employed. The proposed algorithm classifies Kannada numerals, vowels and English numerals, uppercase alphabets independently and in combination of these. The average recognition accuracy of 89.21% with KNN and 93.22% with SVM classifiers are achieved. The novelty of the proposed algorithm is free from characters thinning and slants of the characters.


Let (X, d) be a non-compact metric space. We provide an equivalent condition that the metric d is proper on X. r denotes the Higson compactification of a non-compact proper metric space (X, d). In this paper we show that if (X, dx) is a non-compact proper met ric space and (Y, dy) is a non-compact proper metric space or a non degenerate compact metric space, then X X ymax{dx ,dy} is not equiv alent to Xdx x ydy .


INTRODUCTION The availability of pyridines from natural sources led to the use of these compounds as a source of piperidines, for the pyridines were shown to undergo a facile conversion by hydrogenation over a variety of catalysts to piperidines.13 The ease of the hydrogenation was increased by converting the amine to a proton salt by acid, but the conversion of the substituted pyridine to a quaternary salt gave a derivative which underwent reduction with even greater ease.4 The anticipated formation of piperidines by the catalytic hydrogenation was not realized under certain conditions, however. A few illustrations will show the importance of these reactions. The hydrogenations of substituted pyridinium iodides are unusual, for the aromatic ring is particularly resistant to saturation in the presence of this anion. Catalytic hydrogenations of pyridinium ions in the presence of bases have been used as a method of production of incipient tetrahydropyridines which are important as synthetic intermediates. The discovery of the unusual course of the reduction of pyridinium ions having an electron-withdrawing group in the 3-position provided a synthetically important, but mechanistically puzzling, partial hydrogenation. Hydrogenation of Quaternary Iodides


Diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) is an advanced magnetic resonance imaging modality that is known to be sensitive to changes in the underlying microstructure of the brain. Image voxels in diffusion weighted images, however, are typically relatively large making them susceptible to partial volume effects, especially when part of the voxel contains cerebrospinal fluid. In this work, we introduce the "Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging with Free Water Elimination" (DKI‐FWE) model that separates the signal contributions of free water and tissue, where the latter is modeled using DKI.


The peak profiles of ions from ionization of CH_3I clusters in the nanosecond laser field were simulated using a peak shape simulation program of time-of-flight mass spectrometer(TOF-MS).Ionic initial position and velocity distributions,which depended on the formation mechanism,were obtained by comparing the experimental and simulated peak shape,and the ion source was also illustrated.C~(2+),I~(2+) and I~(3+) ions come from Coulomb explosion,while C~+,CH_x~+(x=1,2,3),I~+ and CH_3I~+ ions were formed by multiphoton ionization(MPI).H~+ is due to both Coulomb explosion and MPI,and a small portion of I~+ origin from electron impact ionization.In addition,the acceptance ratio of ions was studied by the simulation method.


We investigate the motion by mean curvature using the Allen–Cahn (AC) equation in two and three space dimensions. We use an unconditionally stable hybrid numerical scheme to solve the equation. Numerical experiments imply that we can use the AC equation when we study the motion by mean curvature.


When India did well to contain the first wave of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, none of us had an inkling of the magnitude that the second wave was going to take. One of the main reasons for the resurgence is several new mutants of this virus – the important ones for our country being UK Variant, Indian Double mutant, South African, and Brazil variants. Questions regarding their impact on virulence, pathogenicity, transmissibility, detection, clinical symptomatology, morbidity, mortality, potential curability, and possibly decreased therapeutic/ vaccine efficacy are being ascertained. We hereby summarize the importance of these variants with respect to Indian scenario, with emphasis on implications regarding COVID-19 diagnosis and efficacy of current vaccines.


"The fact I ties and resources of corporate education departments are often viewed with envy by educators involved in other, more traditional education systems. Some contend that t is the availability of unlimited resources that allows corporate educators to explore alternative educational delivery models, like the docudrama, which is the subject of this manuscript. Realistically, the resources available to corporate education departments are not unlimited nor are resources the sole reason that corporate education Is recognized by many as an emerging legitimate partner of traditional education in the pursuit of learning. The value of the docudrama to the ABSEL conferees, then, is not that of an videotape to duplicate, but rather a concept to stimulate their imaginations and test their capacity to transfer the approach used In its formulation to their own individual situations. "


Hetero-epitaxy of GaAs films on Ge were grown by the chemical beam epitaxy (CBE) technique for super-high-efficiency multi-junction solar cells. However, the growth of III-V on Ge remains a key challenge due to anti-phase domains (APDs) and the inter-diffusion at the interface, resulting in the deterioration of the solar cell efficiency. In order to overcome these problems, we introduced the CBE technique, which was carried out under a higher vacuum (∼10−2 Pa) and at relatively lower temperature (360∼460 ¼) as compared with the growth of GaAs on Ge by the typical metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE). The effects of the low growth temperature, the source flow ratio of [V/III] and pre-annealing temperature on crystal qualities and optical properties of GaAs films on Ge were investigated. The results showed that GaAs films on Ge had a good structural quality at growth temperature from 400 to 460 °C with the [V/III] of flow ratio from 50 to 70 by a high resolution x-ray diffraction. The pre-annealing temperature and time were confirmed to play an important role in the modification of Ge substrate surface. The low-temperature (4.5 K) photoluminescence spectra showed the emission peak around 1.51 eV, corresponding to an exciton bound-to-acceptor, in sample grown at 400 °C and the full width at half maximum of this peak was evaluated 10 meV by Gaussian fitting. An emission peak of 1.27 eV caused by Ge diffusion into GaAs film was observed for the sample grown at 460 °C. Such a critical temperature that activates the Ge diffusion seems relatively low in CBE system as compared with that reported in MOVPE system.


In the cement production process, the ingredients and preparation of cement raw materials have always been a crucial link. In order to achieve real-time monitoring of cement raw meal ingredients and automation of cement raw meal ingredients, we have introduced a near-infrared analyzer. This article based on the raw material production field data collected by the analyzer, after obtaining the raw material trend information, can be modeled on the operator's manual operation experience to adjust the ratio properly. This paper uses the least square polynomial fitting to transform the raw material saturation rate in 1 hours into a smooth curve, and divides the data up and down through extreme value, and provides more information raw material for the cement automation. The effectiveness of the trend extraction method is demonstrated by fitting the field data with MATLAB.


Abstract The N-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)aminoalkanephosphonates 1 were synthetized by the addition of dialkyl phosphonates to the imines of 4-amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine. Acid hydrolysis of the obtained esters 1 (leads to the free aminoacids which were by exchange ion chromatography.


OBJECTIVES
1. To establish the predominant circulating antigenic subtypes of influenza viruses in the epidemic season (19911992). 2. To evaluate the efficiency of seroepidemiological method in determining the circulating antigenic subtypes and its practical consequences.

METHODS
Our study consist of 1082 patients with acute respiratory disease or their contacts. Antigens prepared at "Cantacuzino Institute", C.D.C. Atlanta and from viral strains isolated in our laboratory were used. Hemagglutination-inhibiting Test was preceded by the elimination of the unspecific inhibitors with IO4K M/90. Significant titers were considered those > 1/10.

RESULTS
Were assessed by determining the number of antibody carriers, their ratio and geometrical mean of the reciprocal value of H.I. antibody titers.

CONCLUSIONS
1. In the winter of 1991 and 1992 A/H3N2 infections and in the spring 1991 and 1992 A/H1N1 virus prevailed, while B virus circulated by the end of spring 1992 epidemic season. 2. The decrease in 1992 of A/Iaşi/1/69 (H3N2) activity at the same time with high titers against A/Iaşi/1/76 (H3N2) and A/Iaşi/1/80 (H3N2) suggests a marked antigenic drift occurring in this interval 3. Serological method for determining the presence of hemagglutination inhibiting antibodies seemed enough and compulsory for detecting the etiological agent of acute respiratory disease, and an epidemic outbreak. 4. The circulation of three distinct antigenic subtypes determines the options for composition of anti-influenza vaccine.


The Raman and infrared spectra of the aluminate ions in alkaline solutions have been measured. Two ionic species, one predominant from pH 8 to pH 12 and the other predominant above pH 13, may be identified from the spectra. At intermediate pH's both forms are present. The selection rules and the polarization of the lines of the low‐pH species are consistent with either a square‐planar Al(OH)4− structure or a polymeric structure in which each metal ion is surrounded by six OH− ions and the perturbations on the Oh symmetry are not great enough to be resolved. The ion does not appear to be tetrahedral Al(OH)4−, as has been previously thought. Pronounced aging effects observed with the low‐pH anion support a polymeric structure rather than the square‐planar Al(OH)4−. The spectra show that the high‐pH species is AlO2− with D∞h symmetry. The observation of two distinct species and measurements of the pH ranges over which they are stable, confirm the results of earlier measurements by some of these authors using...


Article history: Received: 08 February, 2020 Accepted: 25 March, 2020 Online: 20 April, 2020 Dry Eye Disease (DED) is one of the commonly occurring chronic disease today, affecting the vision of eye. It causes severe discomfort in eye, visual disturbance and blurred vision impacting the quality of life of patients. Due to recent advancements in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and rapid progress of analytics techniques, several image modality based computerized DED detection techniques are available in literature. These techniques transform image data into real and actionable insights and thus, provide new understanding and ways for better and quicker treatment. In addition, they assist ophthalmologist to diagnose dry eye disease precisely as well as to reduce the cost of healthcare. In this paper, we present a review on computerized DED detection techniques covering all available techniques. In addition, we present a parametric evaluation of these techniques based on our identified set of parameters. Though surveys on clinical DED detection techniques are available, this is the first attempt in literature to log down all computerized DED detection techniques at one place. Our survey will assist researchers and ophthalmologists to understand various technological advancements in the field of DED detection. As a little amount of work has been done in the field of automatizing dry eye disease detection, the field provides plenty of research opportunities to develop an automated efficient DED detection technique.


Effects of simulated acid rain with various pH values on leaf in different stages of litchi( Litchi chinensis Sonn.) were studied. The results were as follows: the resistance of growing leaf to acid was the strongest; the leakage amount of soluble sugar, K +, Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ of litchi increased with the decline of the pH value of simulated acid rain, and the cell membrane permeability increased. The leakage amount of K + could be regarded as an important index for evaluating the injury of acid rain to litchi leaf.


Due to the growing involvement of external stakeholders including pressure groups such as Greenpeace, sustainability issues have increasingly become a focus point in the business sector. Thereby, m ...


In this paper, we propose a novel framework for structural magnetic resonance image (sMRI) classification of Alzheimer's disease (AD) with data combination, outlier removal, and entropy-based data selection using AlexNet. In order to overcome problems of conventional classical machine learning methods, the AlexNet classifier, with a deep learning architecture, was employed for training and classification. A data permutation scheme including slice integration, outlier removal, and entropy-based sMRI slice selection is proposed to utilize the benefits of AlexNet. Experimental results show that the proposed framework can effectively utilize the AlexNet with the proposed data permutation scheme by significantly improving overall classification accuracies for AD classification. The proposed method achieves 95.35% and 98.74% classification accuracies on the OASIS and ADNI datasets, respectively, for the binary classification of AD and Normal Control (NC), and also achieves 98.06% accuracy for the ternary classification of AD, NC, and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) on the ADNI dataset. The proposed method can attain significantly improved accuracy of up to 18.15%, compared to previously developed methods. key words: structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI), grey matter (GM), white matter (WM), Alzheimer's disease (AD), normal controls (NC)


The present invention relates to the at least one corrosion inhibiting additive for reducing corrosion applications returned by adjustment of the cement matrix of magnesium metal hydrogen. The present invention also relates to a material and method for adjusting the magnesium metal used thereby.


The dynamic characteristics of the hybrid journal bearing under step load were analyzed and some calculations were done.Some viewpoints were raised when choosing the parameters of hybrid journal bearing.


A tenet of evolutionary theory is that phenotypic variation of a trait is inversely related to the intensity of stabilizing selection pressure. Among homologous bones, such as metapodials, a rudimentary, "nonfunctional" bone is expected to be more variable in length than nonrudimentary bones. This study compares variation and association in length among metapodials using 277 adult skeletons of Canis latrans. Canis latrans has a short, "functionless" first metacarpal (mc1) and "rudimentary, vestigial" first metatarsal (mt1). Results show that among the 10 metapodials, mt1 has the highest variation in length; other metapodials do not differ significantly from one another in their variation. Correlation coefficients for length of mc1 and mt1 with their ipsilateral metapodials 2‐5 are significantly lower than coefficients for all other ipsilateral pairs. The correlation coefficient between left and right mt1 is significantly the lowest among all bilateral pairs of metapodials. Results are interpreted as follows. Mt1's high variation and low association in length are the outcome of less intense stabilizing selection pressure compared with other metapodials. The nonsignificant difference for variation in length between mc1 and metapodials 2‐5 may be that mc1 is functional for development of a pollical dewclaw that helps restrain small prey.


Uniform load distribution is a major challenging area in wireless sensor networks. Sink mobility strategy achieves great success in uniform load distribution policy. In optimal sink mobility scheme, main problem is optimal path construction for sink movement with minimum message overhead. This paper reports an optimal path construction strategy for mobile sinks movement in wireless sensor network. Proposed sink mobility scheme increases network throughput as well as conserves energy by optimal path construction. The proposed scheme divides whole network into sub regions, and they are coupled with quad tree. Mobile sink collects data region wise. The quad-tree based sink mobility scheme reduces energy consumption rate through uniform load distribution. The experimental results verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed work.


Gold particles, sputtered at different substrate temperatures, have been analyzed by both optical absorption and transmission electron microscopy techniques. Changes in the absorption band depending on the preparation of the films was observed and related to the bulk properties of the material. However, the bandwidth was nearly independent of particle concentration. It is suggested that a high concentration of microscopic and macroscopic defects, not observed in clusters grown with other techniques, is probably responsible for this behavior.


Good silicon engineering is like practicing sports on an Olympic scale. Be the best and be known being the best. But who is actually the smartest designer of the universe? Who is capable of combining endless creativity with superb knowledge and insight? And where will we find this person : in industry or in academia? Or will the students rise up and show the former generation their tail? In this interactive quiz show, three teams representing industry, academia and students will compete for the honor and the prestigious title : "The Smartest Designer in the Universe". In several rounds, the contestants will solve questions and puzzles covering all parts of electrical engineering from early techniques from the dark ages to the latest developments, from common knowledge hidden in a dark corner of your brain to trivia which you can use to baffle your friends in the pub. The audience is invited to participate and share their knowledge to steer their affiliation to victory.


Nursing services are an integral part of health services which have a very strategic position in an effort to improve the quality of services in hospitals. With this condition a nurse is required to have the ability and professionalism in implementing professional nursing care in a hospital service. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of competency factors, and workload on nurses' behavior in implementing professional nursing care in the Praya Hospital inpatient installation. The research design used was quantitative analytic with cross sectional approach. The sampling technique uses cluster random sampling with a sample of 114 respondents. Data were collected using a questionnaire and observation sheet, then analyzed using the ordinal regression test. The results of the statistical test by stimulatory results obtained p value of 0,000 <? = 0.05, meaning that all independent variables together affect the dependent variable. While partial statistical test results for each variable obtained results, namely competency (p <0.008) and workload (p <0.012). Multivariate analysis showed competence was the most dominant variable influencing the behavior of nurses in applying professional nursing care with a value (p <0.008). The behavior of nurses in implementing professional nursing care in hospitals is influenced by several factors including competency and workload. These aspects certainly need to be considered and managed well in the hope of getting better nurse performance results for the creation of maximum nursing services.


Solar radiation is emitted in the wide frequency range from gamma to radio emission. Hence, joint observations from different instruments and frequency ranges let us to complete full representation of the evolution of solar events and confirm authenticity of data from specific instruments. In this article, we present comparative analysis data from Solar Spectropolarimeter of Meter Range wavelengths (SSMD) and other instruments. For the investigation we have chosen three solar events registered with SSMD in 2019: type III radio bursts on May 6 from 05:05 UT to 05:12 UT, type II radio bursts on May 6 from 05:12 UT to 05:19 UT, and type III radio bursts on April 14 from 05:03 UT to 05:21 UT. For comparison we apply data from the following instruments: SSMD, SRH (Siberian Radioheliograph), SDO/AIA (Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) on the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO)), Wind/WAVES (WAVES investigation on the WIND spacecraft), ground-based spectropolarimeter AMATERAS, spacecraft GOES-14. As a result, we can conclude that they are in good correlation with each other and correspond to outstanding characteristics for each event. The investigation also confirms the SSMD data authenticity.


The Talents-cultivating Plan is the concretion of the goals and standards of talents development,which has a great impact on the quality of participants to be trained.The construction of such a plan in the higher vocational colleges is to be conducted on the basis of the target orientation of talents cultivation and by integrating its own characteristics and considering the requirements of adults and the demands of society.


This paper presents the gait generation and navigation algorithms of an autonomous self-reconfiguring mobile robot platform, Chaser, which is capable of changing its configuration according to its surroundings. This robot attains selftransforming capability due to multiple degrees of freedom in its structure and the on-board range-sensing ability. The proposed gait generation and navigation algorithms enable Chaser to reconfigure itself to a shape that is best suited to pass through, over or under the obstacles presented to it. Moreover, the robot has the capability to traverse through various type of terrains by moving on wheels, walking like a quadruple and swimming like humans respectively. These multiple kinds of gaits have been coupled with a terrain navigation algorithm so that robot could identify different kinds of terrains and obstacles and transform itself to navigate seamlessly through them. The performance of Chaser is experientially tested with various real-world obstacles. Experimental results validate its performance.


This work presents a modeling for simulation of different Maintenance alternatives and its corresponding results in terms of expected revenue, considering: Risks of installation, imperfections and its associated interruptions; Periods resulting from nonavailability by programmed maintenance; Prevented interruptions resultant of specific actions of maintenance. Useful life of all installations, determined by the commitment between the cost of maintenance x investment in new installations. For this reason, the Maintenance Plan, besides presenting an intrinsic cost of its main activities seems like a set of interventions in the system that: reduces non-availability provoked by intempestive causes; results in programmed interruptions that reduces losses of revenues. Eliminates interruptions imputable to avoidable causes (as the cleanness absence in the right of way). By usage of types of equipment, failure rates, times of historical repairs the developed model allows a simulation of expected revenue increases through the optimization of maintenance costs.


The purpose of this paper was to study the relationship between competition level, laterality of foot strike, and shot zone on penalty efficacy in profession...


Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) angiography is an upcoming non-invasive and dyeless imaging modality which depicts retinal microvasculature by processing scans taken repeatedly at the same location, at different points of time using Split-spectrum Amplitude Decorrelation Angiography (SSADA) algorithm. The currently available Optovue AngioVue System uses spectral-domain technology, an 840nm laser, and SSADA algorithm. The utility of OCT angiography has been described for diagnosis and management of various chorioretinal disorders like Macular telangiectasia, Choroidal Neovascularisation (CNV), secondary to Age-related macular degeneration (ARMD), chronic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy (CSCR) or multifocal choroiditis, neovascularisation or areas of capillary non-perfusion seen in Diabetic Retinopathy, vascular occlusions, glaucoma and optic disc disorders. It provides fast, 3-dimensional visualization of vascular structures, with the ease of repeated frequent imaging and clearly show extent and morphology of neovascularisation. It is reliable, sensitive and reproducible tool and It can also be used to quantitatively show the course of decrease and re-increase of blood flow in new vessels and changes in the capillary non perfusion areas after treatment in various retinal disorders. However, it has certain limitations. Any movement by the patient causes significant artifact and deterioration of image quality. Projection artifact, where the transit of blood cells in a superficial blood vessel cast flickering shadows on the deeper tissue layer that is indistinguishable from blood flow in deeper layer, is another limitation of this technology making it sometimes difficult to distinguish normal physiological vessels from pathological ones. All neovascular complexes are not visualized because of imprecision in slab segmentation, which requires careful control of depth and thickness of the slab to more precisely identify neovascular membrane. It is an upcoming modality which can help us to diagnose various retinal vascular disorders with ease in the near future. However, improvements in the form of more continuous monitoring of flow, imaging a larger area of fundus and shortening acquisition time can help increase the efficacy and popularity of this modality.


Abstract. We prove several stability properties for the class of compact Hausdorff spacesT such that C(T) with the weak or the pointwise topology is in the class of Stegall. Inparticular, this class is closed under arbitrary products.Keywords: usco mapping, minimal mapping, Stegall classClassification: 46B20 A topological space X is usually said to be of the Stegallclass(see e.g. [Fa]) ifwhenever F is a minimal usco mapping from a Baire space Z to X, then there isa dense G δ subset D of Z such that |F(z)| = 1 for every z ∈ D. Everywhere inthis paper by a mappingwe will mean a set-valued mapping, unless it is explicitlysaid to be single-valued. A mapping F : Z → X is called usco, if it is uppersemicontinuous and F(z) is a nonempty compact set for every z ∈ Z. An uscomapping is called minimaluscoif it is minimal with respect to the graph inclusionamong all usco mappingswith the same domain. There aresome other classesthatare close to the so defined Stegall class (see [St], [KO]). For example, the conditionthat F be minimal usco might be substituted by the condition that F is just aminimal mapping. A mapping F : Z → X is called minimal(following [KO]),if whenever U ⊂ Z and V ⊂ X are open subsets such that F(U) ∩ V 6= ∅, thenthere is a nonempty open subset W of U such that F(W) ⊂ V . This definitionis motivated by the fact that an usco mapping is minimal usco iff it is a minimalmapping in the above sense. The requirements for the space Z also may differ.For example, Z can be completely metrizable or Cech-complete (see [KO]). Theˇproofs of the theorems in the paper are adaptable to all these definitions, as theyuse only the fact that Z is Baire and that F : Z → X is a minimal mapping.Furthermore, we can weaken the condition that all the images of F are nonemptyto the condition that its domain dom F := {z ∈ Z : F(z) 6= ∅} is dense in Z. Forconcreteness, from now on we use the followingDefinition 1. The topological space X is said to be in the class S (X ∈ S forshort) if whenever F is a minimal mapping from a Baire space Z to X with densedomain, then there is a dense G


We have developed simple, aqueous strategies, that avoid the use of protecting groups and chromatography, for the preparation of a series of 5'-substituted guanosine derivatives.


Through explicitly incorporating analysts' forecasts as observable factors in a dynamic arbitrage- free model of the yield curve, this paper proposes a framework for studying the impact of shifts in market sentiment on interest rates of all maturities. An empirical examination reveals that survey expectations about in°ation, output growth and the anticipated path of monetary policy actions contain important information for explaining movements in bond yields. Although perceptions about in°ation are largely responsible for movements in long-term interest rates, an explicit slope factor is necessary to adequately capture the dynamics of the yield curve. Macroeconomic forecasts play an important role in explaining time-variation in the market prices of risk, with forecasted GDP growth playing a dominant role. The estimated coe±cients from a forward-looking monetary policy rule support the assertion that the central bank preemptively reacts to in°ationary expectations while suggesting patience in accommodating real output growth expectations. Models of this type may provide traders and policymakers with a new set of tools for formally assessing the reaction of bond yields to shifts in market expectations due to the arrival of news or central bank statements and announcements.


of them focused on the mechanical degradation of pre-charged steel under electrochemical cathodic polarization, and the corrosion behaviors on the steel surface were not considered. In particular, there have been a limited number of studies on the ef-fects of microstructural modifications by heat treatment on the corrosion and HE of ultra-strong automotive steel. Therefore, this study examined the corrosion-induced HE of ultra-strong steel samples prepared under different heat treatment conditions, and the controlling factors for corro-Effect The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of conditions for quenching and/or tempering on the corrosion and hydrogen diffusion behavior of ultra-strong automotive steel in terms of the localized plastic strain related to the dislocation density, and the precipitation of iron carbide. In this study, a range of analytical and experimental methods were deployed, such as field emission-scanning electron microscopy, electron back scatter diffraction, electrochemical permeation technique, slow-strain rate test (SSRT), and electrochemical polarization test. The results showed that the hydrogen diffusion parameters involving the diffusion kinetics and hydrogen solubility, obtained from the permeation experiment, could not be directly indicative of the resistance to hydrogen embrittlement (HE) occurring under the condition with low hydrogen concentration. The SSRT results showed that the partitioning process, leading to decrease in localized plastic strain and dislocation density in the sample, results in a high resistance to HE-induced by aqueous corrosion. Conversely, coarse iron carbide, precipitated during heat treatment, weakened the long-term corrosion resistance. This can also be a controlling factor for the development of ultra-strong steel with superior corrosion and HE resistance.


The effect of α- and β-nucleating agents (NA) of various amounts on the fracture behavior of polypropylene-co-ethylene (CPP) was evaluated using the essential work of fracture (EWF) method. The specific EWF values of CPPs incorporated with α-NA of different amount were all lower than that of pure CPP, while the specific nonessential work of fracture was the highest at relative low α-NA loading (0.1 wt %), and then decreased with further increasing amount of α-NA. Similar trend of variation was observed with increasing amount of β-NA in CPP, and it was found that the variation of Kβ for β-NA nucleated CPP versus NA content accorded well with the EWF versus NA content, which indicated that the addition of β-NA could lead to effectively increased β-crystal content and consequently improved fracture resistance of CPP. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008


One of the main challenges I faced during my scientific career at the Warsaw Centre of Oncology is the problem of breast cancer disease in women. In Poland, Tadeusz Koszarowski was a pioneer in this field, who already in 1947 had published in the Polski Tygodnik Lekarski journal on 'Diagnosis and treatment of women's breast cancer', whilst in 1950 he published 'Progress in breast cancer surgery and patient outcomes in those treated at the Warsaw Radium Institute' in the Nowotwory journal. At that time Leon Manteuffel and Witold Rudowski had also published papers on breast cancer. In 1953, Tadeusz Koszarowski created a surgical oncology ward, (and later a clinic), which at the time was the first centre in Poland that established national standard procedures in this field. Within the last 50 years, 114 papers were published on breast cancer, whose authors had performed surgery and undertaken other clinical work at the Centre of Oncology in Warsaw at 15 Wawelska Street. This work is listed in the Surgical Oncology Clinic Staff bibliography during 1947–1988 as prepared by Edward Towpik and published by the Oncology Institute (Fig. 1). The publication list and its order aptly illustrates the study of breast cancer in women. At the start, outcomes were evaluated following the Halsted operation, the role of axillary and parasternal lymph nodes and hormonal therapy consisting of removing the oestrogen source by means of ovariectomy and adrenalectomy. Later in the 1960s, there were developments made in chemotherapy involving introduction of CMF and other drugs, breast-conserving treatment, rehabilitation, methods of breast reconstruction, genetic and molecular research; all leading to treatment being individualised. There is however no internet record of some 35 papers that I been co-author, which adequately traces the history of such developments in Poland. In 1994, the Breast Cancer Clinic at the Ursynow campus was launched under the directorship of Tadeusz Pieńkow ski. This was the first organ-specific clinic of its kind in Poland where women with breast cancer were investigated, overtaking the currently then preferred 'Breast Units' option. The clinic possesses a plethora of clinical and scientific data as detailed in many publications which are currently now made available throughout the world.


The contamination of groundwater by leachate migration around waste dumps is a growing challenge for maintaining the quality of water resources in urban centers. In this study the electrical resistivity method was applied, where six 400 m profiles were executed around the Hulene - B waste dump and then an inversion was performed by RES2D. The application of the electrical resistivity method allowed us to characterize in detail some of the fundamental aspects of the DRASTIC risk (estimating groundwater depth, characterizing the vadose zone and understand soil permeability) and to identify anomalous zones of possible fundamental contamination, which we grouped into two (i) anomalous lithological surfaces that we considered permeable and migrating leachate from the waste dump and (ii) anomalous zones in the subsoil and groundwater possibly contaminated. The computed DRASTIC index is very high for the area covered by profiles 2 and 6 (156 - 165) given the proximity of groundwater to the contaminating surface and the surrounding area consisting of very conductive materials. On profile 5 area the index is very low (96) due to the strong resistivity of the surface layers and the high depth at which groundwater was detected (> 40m). The area of profile 3 (further north of the dump) has also a low index (105) due to its distance from the contamination source (dump) and the strong resistivity of the lithological layers, indicating low permeability, in addition to the great depth (> 40m) at which groundwater were detected. Concerning profiles 1 and 4, despite presenting permeable materials at the surface (low resistivities), groundwater level was recognized at greater depth (> 40m), DRASTIC risk index was lower (115 - 125) than expected. The overall value of the DRASTIC index for the surrounding area of Hulene - B dump was estimated at 127, which represents a low overall vulnerability. However, the high vulnerability index values for the area covered by profiles 2 and 6, and given their relatively higher surficial altitude, suggest a strong groundwater contamination by horizontal dilution of leachates from the whole area surrounding of the Hulene - B waste dump.


Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is the most influential channel through which foreign capital comes into a country. In India FDI is being allowed in different sectors of the economy in different percentage/ratio through either the government approval or the automatic route. Before the economic reforms in 1991, the inflow of FDI in India was comparatively limited. But, with the introduction of the Industrial Policy of 1991 there is a paradigm shift in Indian economic planning, whereas it has opened the markets to foreign capital. India's retail sector has undergone a rapid transformation over the past decade. With the marked growth in India's per capita income and a rising middle class accompanied by a massive scale of urbanization, it is the retail sector that is pitted to be the real growth engine for the Indian economy. The Government of India has allowed 51% FDI in multi brand retail and 100% in single-brand retail. However, government in States and Union Territories are free to make their own policies. Obviously this has led to significant interest among policy analysts to develop the necessary regulatory frameworks to channelize the move. The theme of this article is to understand the concept of retail in India and to know the reasons behind allowing Foreign Direct Investment in retail sector. The article also explores the evolution of FDI in retail sector and provides brief information about the FDI in Single brand and Multi-Brand retail sector in India.


The author commenced by stating that the question to be discussed in his communication was, not whether sugar was to be found in the animal system independently of a saccharine alimentation, for that he considered to stand upon irrefutable ground; but whether the sugar encountered in the liver after death was a natural representation of the condition during life, or was only the result of a post mortem occurrence. He had noticed as early as February 1854, that the blood removed by catheterism of the right ventricle during life, was almost completely destitute of saccharine impregnation. The observation did not then, however, receive the attention it deserved; but on repeating the experiment at a later period, and meeting with a similar result, an investigation was made which has led to the conclusions advanced in his communication. From upwards of sixty observations, it is asserted that the condition of the blood after death can no longer be taken as indicating its state during life. For, if blood be withdrawn from the right ventricle of the living animal in a natural or tranquil state, there is scarcely an appreciable amount of sugar to be discovered, whilst, if the animal be afterwards sacrificed and blood collected from a fine incision of the ventricle, it will be found to present a strong indication of the presence of sugar. In one of the experiments quoted, there was a barely appreciable reaction in the blood removed during life, and nearly 1 per cent of sugar in the blood collected after death, the animal having been sacrificed immediately after catheterism has been performed.


Ovary structures of endoparasitoid Microplitis bicoloratus and ectoparasitoid Diglyhus isaea were studied in this paper. M.bicoloratus had two ovaries and a lower huge region of ovariole of M.bicoloratus containing egg mass. Mature eggs were kept in the calyx fluid of calyx region. Oviposition was lower and lower according to the time of laying eggs. In the day oviposition experiments, a female laid 20.2(±1.14?SE)eggs in average. Oviposition, every 2 hours from 10:00 to 18:00 yielded respectively 38,32,17 and 13% in total eggs. A female laid 50.2(±7.8?SE)eggs in average in whole oviposition stage. The first day of oviposition gave the highest number, in 42% of total eggs in the whole 9 days. Diglyhus isaea had two ovaries and each had three ovarioles. A ovariole only contains one mature egg at one time. So, a female could have six mature eggs and laid six eggs. These results indicated that M. bicoloratus belonged to pro-ovigenic insect, while D. isaea belonged to synovigenic insect.


In the land development industry chain, there are a variety of data, such as land transaction data, building sales data, developer data, etc. These data are relatively scattered, difficult to aggregate and share, unable to play the hidden value of the data. This paper presents an improved algorithm for Chinese address segmentation, and based on this algorithm, the entity linking algorithm of building and land is proposed, which correlates a large number of discrete building data with land data, and finally, the entity link algorithm is applied to the big data association analysis system as the service of the association analysis subsystem, and the analysis results are visualized through the client and server. The results show that the system can correlate a large number of isolated building and land, effectively correlate and integrate discrete data, and has good data analysis ability, which provides a strong support for enterprises and users to make decisions.


This article looks at wayside monitoring and its value for railway maintenance and safety. The author describes machine vision systems (the fastest-developing detectors within the rail industry) and the activities of various suppliers. The article also examines the significant increase in data generated by detectors and the efforts being made to manage this "big data."


Abstrac! This paper discusses simulator and its use in the new simulator is presented a multilevel classroom. A that allows the user to dynamically change the simulated hardware at run time. We also discuss an incremental series of projects that we have successfully used with the simulator. These projects give the student hands-on experience with the advantages and disadvantages of several architectures.


Durban is located on the east coast of South Africa in the province of KwaZulu-Natal. It is one of South Africa's biggest cities and has one of the busiest ports in Africa. To maintain Durban's current economic position the Durban Port has to expand, which is problematic due to a lack of space. A solution is to develop a completely new port: the Durban DigOut Port. The past has taught us that significant erosion/accretion patterns are likely to occur around the breakwaters of the new port, as has happened at the Durban Port. In the long run climate change could also lead to alterations in shoreline behavior of the South Durban coast. The problem definition reads: "Currently, it is not fully known how the coastal system of South Durban functions and what the future state of the system will be under influence of climate change and after construction of the Durban DigOut Port." The goal of this research is to understand the sediment transports and budgets along the South Durban coast both now and in the future. To do this it is necessary to predict and assess future shoreline behavior, in response to anthropogenic interventions, like the Durban DigOut Port, and to climatic changes such as sea level rise and changing wave conditions. The time scope is confined to the coming 40years. For this research use has been made of two numerical models. The equilibrium based Unibest-CL+ model is used to create a 1D shoreline model to model long-term shoreline behavior. The process-based SWAN (or Delft3d-Wave) model is used to model wave propagation on the continental shelf and in the nearshore of the South Durban coast. Waves approach the coast from a predominantly south-eastern direction. The annual wave climate consists of south-southeastern swell waves and wind-waves approaching from all directions. It provides a net northward longshore sediment transport for the South Durban coast, which is modeled to be 700,000m3/year at the Durban Bluff. A gradient in longshore sediment transports is found over the area from Amanzimtoti to the Durban Bluff. This results in coastal erosion, because sediment input from rivers is lacking. Research into the longshore sediment transports for the South Durban coast shows that the coastline lies close to its equilibrium position and that maximum potential sediment transports are high (order of 1.5 to 3million m3/year). This leads to significant erosion/accretion patterns around the Durban DigOut Port. The maximum shoreline retreat on the lee side of the port is modeled to be 500meters, 30years after construction of the breakwaters. A bypass system of 550,000m3/year reduces shoreline retreat to a maximum of 30meters. In addition a local groyne system is proposed to prevent coastal retreat at the Sapref Refinery area. The calculated coastal retreat can be viewed as an extreme prediction, because a uniform sandy coast is assumed for the modeling, which is not realistic given the rocky formations along the South Durban coast. Changes in the average wave climate are found from literature; the average wave direction is likely to rotate clockwise and wave periods are expected to increase during winter. When these changes are included in the shoreline model, gradients in longshore sediment transports along the coast are enhanced, leading to additional coastal erosion. Sand supply from rivers is reduced due to sand mining, which leads to structural coastal erosion over the total system as well.


Negative afteraffects (NAE) to prism displacement should not exist without prior positive adaptation (PA) during initial prism exposure. In 4 experiments, chicks wearing hoods containing 8.5° wedge prisms from the day of hatching showed: (a) significant NAE (pecking overcompensation in the direction opposite to their initial displacement error when matched O-degree clear plates were substituted for the prisms), but not significant PA (reduction in the lateral error of pecking while wearing the prisms) at the sixth day; (b) NAE exceeding the theoretically predicted PA on the sixteenth day; (c) significant short and long duration NAE, and significant short and long duration reversal overcompensation effects (ROE) (left-right pecking asymmetry following reversal of the prism base directions) on the seventh and eighth days, without prior PA on the seventh day; (d) neither significant NAE nor significant PA on the fourth day. Both significant NAE and significant PA had been reported previously on the eighth day. Geometrical analyses suggest that variables latent in unrestricted application of adult sensory rearrangement techniques to rapidly growing chicks of low sensory-motor plasticity produce an ontogenetic-development-related reciprocity paradox.


literature timeless voices timeless themes open book tests is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our books collection spans in multiple locations, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the literature timeless voices timeless themes open book tests is universally compatible with any devices to read.


The range of conditions associated with rhabdomyolysis is extensive and includes the more obvious traumatic and pressure damage of the crush syndrome as well as many medical conditions. The diagnosis is relatively easy to make with a grossly elevated serum creatine kinase (CK). Not infrequently the diagnosis belatedly suggests itself when, during the recovery phase of apparent acute tubular necrosis (ATN), the patient becomes hypercalcemic. Early diagnosis and prompt fluid therapy can reduce the incidence of ARF.


The Atmospheric Dynamics Mission ADM-AEOLUS was selected in 1999 as the second Earth Explorer Core mission part of ESA's Living Planet Programme. Scheduled for launch in September 2008, AEOLUS will provide global observations of wind profiles paving the way for future meteorological satellites. Achievement of this last ambitious goal requires a substantial decrease in the operational effort associated to the routine mission phase. This in turn calls for implementation of an exceptionally high degree of on-board autonomy and definition of an innovative operational concept aimed at minimising ground intervention both in nominal and contingency situations. This paper will present the AEOLUS on-board autonomy requirements and resulting Failure Detection, Isolation and Recovery (FDIR) architecture. A novel mechanism for telecommand scheduling based on spacecraft orbit position, as provided by the on-board GPS receiver, will be introduced. The paper will then describe the associated Operational Concept allowing to reduce the number of ground station passes required to support the routine mission to one daily pass for real-time housekeeping telemetry reception, and a single telecommand upload session performed on a weekly basis. Finally, a summary of the overall ground segment will be provided and the AEOLUS Flight Operations Segment (FOS) specific facilities, based on the latest ESOC ground software infrastructure, presented.


Peki is a fruit from the Cerrado (Brazilian Savana) of high nutritional value and economic potential. The objective of this work was to evaluate the quality of cooked peki fruit after different freezing methods and storage times. Fruits, coming from Bocaiuva, North of Minas Gerais (Brazil), were selected, washed, sanitized, peeled, blanched, cooled, packed in polyethylene bags, vacuum sealed in 300 g packages and submitted to static air and air blast freezing and stored in a freezer (- 18oC ± 2oC) for 6 months. Every two months (0, 2, 4 and 6 months), the fruits were analyzed after cooking in water (300 g. L-1) in stainless steel pans for 20 minutes. The following analyses were carried out: scanning electron microscopy, firmness, humidity, color (L*, h* and C*), total carotenoids, beta-carotene and vitamin C. There were significant differences between the two freezing methods only for the variables microstructure, vitamin C and beta carotene. The other variables were affected only by the storage time. Results showed that cooked peki (after freezing) was more influenced by storage time than by the freezing method, and that freezing was effective for preserving the fruit.


In order to realize a massive MIMO concept, small size and low power consumption over the wide-band frequency range are challenges for RF frontends module. This paper describes a highly integrated RF frontend module for high SHF wide-band massive MIMO in 5G. The RF frontend module is designed with 0.15 µm GaAs process and assembled on 5 × 5 mm2 QFN package. By employing Doherty amplifier configuration using a parasitic output capacitance neutralization technique, it achieves low power consumption over wide frequency band. The integrated frontend architecture is an attractive solution for massive MIMO systems in 5G, and will contribute to 5G deployment. Additionally, the use of digital techniques is attractive future option beyond 4G (toward 5G), and amplifiers with them potentially lead to reduction of power consumption. Some prototyped switching-mode amplifiers are also presented.


Contributors Acknowledgments Introduction - Pilgrims, Patrons, and Place: Localizing Sanctity in Asian Religions / Phyllis Granoff and Koichi Shinohara 1 The Twenty-four Dioceses and Zhang Daoling: The Spatio-Liturgical Organization of Early Heavenly Master Taoism / Franciscus Verellen 2 The Story of the Buddha's Begging Bowl: Imagining a Biography and Sacred Places / Koichi Shinohara 3 Where Ascetics Get Comfort and Recluses Go Public: Museums for Buddhist Saints in Thailand / Louis Gabaude 4 Paradise Found, Paradise Lost: Hariram Vyas's Love for Vrindaban and What Hagiographers Made of It / Heidi Pauwels 5 Pilgrimage as Revelation: Sankaradeva's Journey to Jagannatha Puri / Phyllis Granoff 6 The 'Early Hindi' Hagiographies by Anantadas / Winand M. Callewaert 7 Dvaraka: The Making of a Sacred Place /Andre Couture 8 Place in the Sacred Biography at Borobudur / Robert L. Brown 9 Ratannath's Travels / Veronique Bouillier 10 The Interweave of Place, Space, and Biographical Discourse at a South Indian Religious Centre / K.I. Koppedrayer 11 Portratiure and Jain Sacred Place: The Patronage of the Ministers Vastupala and Tejahpala / Jack C. Laughlin 12 Saints and Scared Places in Saurashtra and Kutch: The Cases of the Naklamki Cult and the Jakhs / Francoise Mallison Bibliography Index


The natural course of TND deserves attention. Hazelrigg et al. suggested that TND appears to be a self limited abnormality which slowly improves with age. Subsequent reports, however, suggest that TND may persist into adulthood [ 1-51. TND appears to be neither a specific disorder nor a dystrophy confined to children, but represents a morphological entity presenting a characteristic pattern of nail changes. Our cases are interesting in that the nail changes were present at the time of birth and to our knowledge, this is the first report about TND occurring in monozygotic twins. These findings indicate that some genetic factors may play a role in the etiopathogenesis of this entity.


Since the late 1970s there has been a marked decline in the prescribing of the benzodiazepines. Yet long-term use of this drug persists despite widespread media condemnation and growing professional concem. The study seeks to illuminate this phenomenon by deploying qualitative methods to investi- gate the meaning that such medication has for the users themselves and their styles of management. In-depth interviews were conducted with fifteen community-based users and seven members of a self-help group. From this material a typology was developed that reflected the relationship users had formed with their medication. The key dimensions in this typology were the degree of dependency on the drug, the perceived level of risk associated with it, and underlying attitude. The rela- tionships to the drug refiected in the typology were suggestive of a pattern of self-regulation and active management by users, rather than dominance and control by practitioners. Furthermore, the investigation indicated that characteristics of the medication regime itself- such as type of drug and dose - exert an infiuence on the attribution of meaning and the place of the drug in users' lives. While a characterisation of patient subculture has real potential for application in clinical practice, there are also implications within medical sociology for theories of medicalisation and social control-


This research aims to analyze the effect of the currency issued with its two sides (Currency with Commercial Banks and Currency Outside Banks) by the central bank on local investment in Iraq during the period (2004-2019), and is an attempt to analyze monetary correction policies in Iraq and know its effects in attracting domestic investment, when the increase in the money issuance is significant, this may cause inflationary pressures that negatively affect savings and investment, in which case the monetary policy tools represented in the legal reserve, interest rate, and the rate of re-discounting are extremely important in absorbing this excess liquidity. Hence, we can say that the most important variables specified for local investment in Iraq are the cash issue, the legal cash reserve rate, and the rate of re-discounting. As for the impact of the interest rate, it is little because of the nature of the Iraqi economy.  The research problem originated from a set of questions, the most important of which: Did the issued currency have an impact on local investment? What is the nature of this effect? Do monetary policy instruments of legal reserve, interest rate, and re-discounting rate matter in absorbing excess liquidity?  The research hypothesis is that the issued  currency has a slight and opposite effect on local investment in the Iraqi economy. The researchers used a standard model for three monthly time series domestic investment as a dependent variable, and the currency in banks and the currency outside banks as independent variables) from January 2004 to December 2019 By 192 views, to analyze the  issued currency policy  of the Bank of  Central  Iraq and to evaluate that policy through its impact on local investment, researchers have used a error correction model (VECM) for this purpose  The standard model demonstrated that the error correction parameter was both moral and negative, and researchers concluded that (1%) of short-term policies can be corrected  within one time unit (month) to reach equilibrium in the long term.


Optical assays for trace analytes in vivo are severely hampered by the predominant optical effects of water throughout the infrared spectrum. These effects must be properly understood and accounted for in order to avoid the occurrence of spurious correlations in data purporting to track concentrations of trace analytes such as glucose. Kromoscopic analysis™, invented for non-invasive optical assay of trace analytes in vivo, uses real time correlations between measurements that are both spatially and temporally congruent and made with multiple detection channels having overlapping spectral sensitivities. In previous work, we have shown how the predominant optical changes due to water movement in vivo can be tracked and accounted for. More in-depth analysis of Kromoscopic data presented here will demonstrate that at least two distinct and uncorrelated modes of optical variation induced by water changes are present during in vivo sampling. Both of these modes of variation must be accounted for to properly minimise their effects on measurements of glucose or other trace analytes in vivo. This minimisation is demonstrated clearly via Kromoscopic analysis, and the resulting requirements of a successful trace analyte measurement are discussed.


PURPOSE:To rapidly and efficiently produce packaged soybean curds and to simplify its equipment in relation to the subject method for producing soybean curd capable of long-term storage. CONSTITUTION:Soy milk obtained by the conventional method is heat sterilized at >=100 deg.C and then cooled. During the above-mentioned cooling process, the soy milk cooled to the coagulation treatment temperature of <=90 deg.C and a sterilized soy milk coagulant are charged into a package. At a time of the packaging, the soy milk is immediately subjected to coagulation treatment at the above-mentioned coagulation temperature and the package is then tightly sealed. Thus, the supply efficiency of heat is improved by utilizing surplus heat in the sterilization process and continuously coagulating soy milk. Three processes of soy milk packaging, admixture of a coagulant and coagulation of the soy milk can almost simultaneously be carried out and the production procedure can be simplified. Thereby, production of soybean curd can be done promptly.


Aplysia occurs in a variety of color patterns that
correlate with the seaweed upon which it is
feeding and living. Aplysia which is a gastropod
mollusc is one of the important candidates for marine
aquarium. It also has large ganglion nerve cells. This
neuron is very similar to those present in vertebrates,
making them good subjects for neurological research,
electrophysiological studies as well as studies on
conditioned responses. At present, we fully depend
on exploitation from the wild. In the present contet,
spawning of the aplysia Donabella rumphi kept in
captivity at Mandapam is reported.


: The manosphere is one new digital space where antifeminists and men's rights activists interact outside of their traditional social networks. Incels, short for involuntary celibates, exist in this space and have been labeled as extreme misogynists, white supremacists, and domestic terrorists. This project aims to understand discussions happening among incels and situate them within social understandings of masculinity. I downloaded 4,532 threads posted on incels.is and randomly sampled 100 for analysis. Through grounded coding methodology, I identified the importance of making meaning of manhood on this site, particularly with respect to sexuality. Further, I found that incel ideology rests on the creation of sexual hierarchies that emphasize perceived attractiveness. Finally, I explore the debates within this space on who is able to claim membership and how borders of the space are policed. This is significant because it reveals how marginalized men respond to and reproduce gendered hierarchies.


The histiocytoses comprise a histopathologically and clinically diverse group of disorders bearing recurrent genomic alterations, commonly involving the BRAF gene and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. In the current study, a novel CLTC::SYK fusion in 3 cases of a histopathologically distinct histiocytic neoplasm arising as solitary soft tissue lesions in children identified by next-generation sequencing and fluorescence in situ hybridization is described. Morphologically, all 3 neoplasms were composed of sheets of cells with round-oval nuclei and vacuolated eosinophilic cytoplasm but, in contrast to classic juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG), Touton giant cells were absent. A separate cohort of classic JXG cases subsequently profiled by fluorescence in situ hybridization were negative for the presence of a CLTC::SYK fusion suggesting that CLTC::SYK fusion-positive histiocytoma is genetically and histologically distinct from JXG. We postulate that the CLTC::SYK fusion leads to aberrant activation of the SYK kinase, which is involved in variable pathways, including mitogen-activated protein kinase. The identification of a novel CLTC::SYK fusion may pave the way for the development of targeted therapeutic options for aggressive disease.


Engineered nanoparticles (NPs) have the potential to revolutionize disease diagnostics and treatment. However, NP interactions with proteins in biological fluids complicate their in vivo control. These interactions often lead to the formation of protein coronas around the NP surface, shaping NP fate and behavior within biological systems. To harness the full potential of NPs in biomedical applications, it is therefore essential to gain a comprehensive understanding of their interactions with proteins. Within this context, it must be recognized that traditional equilibrium-based descriptions of NP–protein interactions, which encompass parameters like equilibrium binding affinity and corona composition, do not provide sufficient detail to predict NP behavior in vivo. This limitation arises because the open in vivo system is a nonequilibrium state characterized by constantly changing concentrations and dynamic regulation of biological processes. In light of these considerations, this review explores the kinetics and timescales of NP–protein interactions, discussing their relevance, fundamental concepts, measurement techniques, typical ranges of association and dissociation rate constants, and dynamics of protein corona formation and dissociation. The review concludes by outlining potential areas for further research and development in this field.


This article intends to show how, on the basis of the notion of "communicating neighborhood" established by Franklin Leopoldo e Silva, we may understand the main themes of Sartre's philosophy and the relations between them, e.g., the relations between metaphysics and history, subject and object, absolute and concrete (freedom), and aesthetic and ethics. By extending an expression initially established for the relation between philosophy and literature in Sartre, we intend to show that the notions of ambiguity and tension are essential as a key to all of Sartre's thought.


We established new single-condition criteria for the oscillation of all solutions to a second-order half-linear advanced equation of the form ∆(φ(ζ)(∆x(ζ)) ν ) + ρ(ζ)x ν (ζ + η) = 0; ζ ≥ ζ 0 under the conditions that ∑s=ζ∞1ϕ1v(s)<∞ . We derive new single-condition constraints for the oscillation of all unimprovable constant solutions to equation. Even in the linear case, the significant result is new and improves all of the prior results to the best of our knowledge. The advantage of our technique is the simple proof, solely relying on the monotonicities of a positive solution sequentially improved. Examples of our conclusions are presented.


The effects of linguistic complexity were examined on children's story discourse. Four groups of 15 subjects each were used: (a) language-disordered; (b) chronologically age matched with normal language abilities; (c) language-age matched; and (d) language-age matched with articulatory errors. The experimental task was sentence production in a story context. Phonological complexity (syllable length of words) was varied. Errors simplified phonological, syntactic and story structures. Older normals exhibited the fewest phonological errors and the greatest mean-length complexity for the sentences produced. The language-disordered children made more phonological errors than the younger normals, although they did not differ from the younger normals in the mean-length sentence complexity. No differences occurred in the number of phonological errors or mean-length sentence complexity between the language-age-matched groups, ones with and without articulatory errors. All four groups exhibited similar story struct...


The study of the pineal organ now excites various scientific communities, among them endocrinologists, neuropharmacologists, and neurochemists. The very high concentrations of biogenic amines in the mammalian pineal, as well as its extensive and easily accessible autonomic innervation, make this organ a useful experimental model for studying monoamine biochemistry, the actions of various pharmacological agents, and the endogenous and exogenous controls on the sympathetic nervous system. In addition, after decades of contradictory results, experimental paradigms have finally been developed which provide compelling evidence that secretions of the mammalian pineal organ physiologically control several neuroendocrine functions, principally involving the anterior pituitary gland and its peripheral "target organs."


Japan has been operating 'KIBO' (`hope' in Japanese) as Japanese experimental module on ISS (International Space Station) to perform researches on physical, life, medical, space sciences in space. Several research racks and facilities have already been accommodated in the pressurized module of 'KIBO' and some researches have already been carried out. Japan currently has 17 ISS flight projects (including 4 candidates) in the field of physical sciences and also incubates new projects through are search support program named as 'research WG (Working Group)', where 25 research WGs are active in the field of physical sciences. Those include 1 flight candidate and 2 research WGs in the field of physical chemistry. The article introduces those to promote international collaborations.


ABSTRACT In this paper, we address an important and emerging question: Can firms' voluntary waste disclosure affect corporate cash holdings? Using a sample of S&P 500 firms, we find strong evidence for a positive relationship between waste disclosure and the cash holding policy of firms. Furthermore, we find that waste disclosure significantly increases cash holdings only for firms with strong corporate governance quality. We also find that the significant relationship between waste disclosure and cash holdings remains unchanged only for firms that operate in environmentally sensitive industries. Our paper provides novel evidence on the role of voluntary waste disclosure as an environmental dimension that influences the cash policy of firms and highlights the little-known issue of waste disclosure as a significant research topic.


Silicon germanium (SiGe) has received considerable attention as an alternate channel material to replace silicon as next generation high-hole mobility channel devices (specifically for p-MOSFETs). We demonstrate in this work a CMOS compatible cost-effective process to transform epitaxially grown silicon-germanium based arrays of high-k/metal gate based metal oxide semiconductor capacitors (MOSCAPs) into flexible and semi-transparent one. We show outstanding mechanical flexibility (bending radius of 4 mm), and optical semi-transparency of 6%, with good electrical characteristics assessed under mechanical bending conditions.


The invention provides a nutrient solution suitable for chronic renal disease patients free from dialysis and a preparing method. The nutrient solution comprises 1-30% of maltodextrin, 1-5% of protein, 1-5% of fructose, 1-5% of saccharose, 1-7% of isomaltulose, 1-10% of mixed plant oil, 1-7% of medium chain triglyceride, 1-2% of cellulose, 1-2% of fructooligosaccharide, 0.01-1% of mineral substance, 0.01-1% of decavitamin, 0.01-2% of fish oil, 0.01-1% of emulsifying agent, 0.001-0.01% of L-carnitine and L-taurine, and the balance water. The nutrient solution is prepared through a conventional method. The nutrient solution provides suitable nutrition for the chronic renal disease patients free from dialysis, and kidney burdens of the patients are reduced while energy is replenished.


Given that preaching is the primary mode of public theological discourse for most Christian ministers, an intellectual virtue of verbal restraint is required when practicing public theology and it is wise to address the ways that homilies can shepherd public discourse practices. A theology of rhetoric includes the homilist's moral purpose. Homilies either enhance public discourse or pervert it. This essay sketches a pattern of sermon movement that respects the logic operative in public theology, given the social context of America. Homilies can help cultivate the pastoral care of public rhetoric by modeling discourse that nurtures the politics of accountability. While many call for a public ethos where divergent moral voices engage each other in highly contested arenas, a precondition to practicing effective public theology requires that one exercises discourse in a way that respects the social limits on the free exercise of religion. It is important that a public theology of rhetoric clarifies the original social agreement for acceptable religious discourse in the public arena. Homiletics, as a dimension of practical theology, can teach preachers methods of pastoral care for public discourse. The social agreement in liberal democracies to contain the combative nature of religious discourse assumes a logic that is circumscribed by commitments to (1) religious pluralism, (2) theological agnosticism, and (3) epistemological pragmatism. Here we propose that a sermon's form, which implicitly touches upon these commitments, can tap into the basic modes of persuasion in secular liberal societies. This respects the moral purposes previously agreed upon and expected of partisans during highly contestable times. This calls for incarnational humility on the part of the Christian public theologian and it guides her/his practice.


The Gram‐Schmidt orthogonalization procedure is simplified under the assumption of stationarity and implemented to perform recursive predictive deconvolution. This process is called the orthonormal lattice filter. The results of deconvolution by this method are compared to the results of deconvolution using the maximum entropy and Levinson algorithms. The orthonormal lattice and maximum entropy algorithms are direct methods and estimate the filter from the data, while the Levinson algorithm is an indirect method and estimates the filter from the autocorrelation function. Results from synthetic and real data show that the direct methods have fewer windowing problems, higher resolving power, and are more suited for use in a time‐varying manner than the indirect method. Results from real data show that optimally weighted space averaging and zero‐phase band‐pass filtering after time‐varying direct deconvolution produces highly resolved and spatially coherent seismic sections.


Although this paper will not entirely neglect other tillage implements, the main interest is in mouldboard ploughs, and the detailed arguments presented will revolve about them. Nevertheless, the principles behind these arguments will have wider applications and, to this extent, it is hoped that the paper will be of general interest.


Data visualization leverages human visual system to enhance cognition, it helps a person quickly and accurately see the trends, outliers, and patterns in data. Yet using visualization requires a viewer to read abstract imagery, estimate statistics, and retain information. These processes typically function differently for those with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD) and have created an inaccessible barrier for them to access data. Preliminary findings from our graphical perception experiment suggest that people with IDD use different strategies to reason with data and are more sensitive to the design of data visualization compared with non-IDD populations. This article discusses several implications from that study and lays out actionable steps towards turning data visualization into a universal cognitive tool for people with varying cognitive abilities.


Despite continued cutbacks in the road programme, the concrete paving industry is bullish about its future. At the recent annual Britpave conference, viewed as being the major fixture in the industry's calendar, delegates learnt how a programme of product innovation and the emergence of new markets are being enhanced by a readiness to advantageously translate overseas developements to UK requirements.


The New Zealand wine industry is committed to producing high quality, market led wines (New Zealand Winegrowers, 2009). Consequently for the industry, it is imperative to understand what factors influence grape and wine properties in order to maximise the production of premium wines. New Zealand winegrowing regions produce different styles of wine, yet there is little data to build an understanding of what contributes to the quality of New Zealand wines both on regional and local scales. On a global scale, the New Zealand industry accounts for less than 0.03% of land under vine and less than 0.5% of global wine production (New Zealand Winegrowers, 2009), and yet it adds an estimated $4 billion to the New Zealand economy (NZIER, 2009). Global area under vine in 2006 was roughly 7,812,000 ha, and wine production was approximately 282,000,000 hl (Organisation Internationale de la Vigne et du Vin [OIV], 2006). Quantifying variables that may influence grape/wine parameters may aid in creating a better understanding of what factors influence wine characteristics. This research demonstrates that vine growth is variable in uniformly managed blocks, and geophysical tools can be used to map soil variability in vineyards, which in turn can influence grapevine vigour and presumably grape properties. Terroir can be defined as the physical and chemical characteristics of a vineyard or region, including geology, soils, topography, and climate. Different terroirs have been delineated in Europe based largely on areas that have produced distinctive wines over a long period of time (White, 2003). These areas are typically delineated using geographical indicators such as geology, soil, topography and mesoclimate. The influence of winemaker and cultural practices can also be considered part of terroir. These environmental properties and cultural practices interact to create wine with particular characteristics, and the place of origin ultimately influences the wines produced. Terroir forms the basis for appellation d'origine controlée (AOC), the vineyard classification system used in France in areas such as Bordeaux, Burgundy, and Champagne, with wine produced from particular terroirs being associated with a certain quality and wine style (Wilson, 1998). Several publications have emerged on different facets of terroir at various scales, indicating an increased interest in the subject. For example, Swinchatt & Howell (2004) explore the terroir of the Napa Valley examining its geology, history and environment. Haeger (2004) discusses the rise of Pinot Noir in North America and its associated terroirs. Wilson (1998) discusses the terroir of selected areas in France. Geoscience Canada has a series devoted to


A common problem for many liquid metal cooled fast reactor designs is the positive void worth of the coolant. In this context, an advantage of lead cooled fast reactors is the high temperature of c ...


The following new compounds were isolated from the vapor phase chlorination of butyne-1, butyne-2, and pentyne-1: 1,1,2,2-tetrachlorobutane, 2,2,3,3-tetra chlorobutane, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloropentane, trans-1,2-dichloro-1-butene, trans-2,3-dichloro-2-butene, and trans-1,2-dichloro-1-pentene. Dehydrochlorination of 1,1,2,2-tetrachlorobutane and 1,1,2,2-tetrachloropentane gave 1,1,2-trichloro-1-butene and 1,1,2-trichloro-1-pentene respectively. Partial dechlorination of 1,1,2,2-tetrachlorobutane and 1,1,2,2-tetrachloropentane gave cis and trans isomers of 1,2-dichloro-1-butene and 1,2-dichloro-1-pentene respectively. 2,2,3,3-Tetrachlorobutane gave chiefly trans-2,3-dichloro-2-butene. 1,1,1,2,2-Pentachlorobutane and 1,1,1,2,2-pentachloropentane were prepared by chlorination of 1-chloro-1-butyne and 1-chloro-1-pentyne respectively.


As a eco-friendly material, Hwangtoh (red clay) has been studied for complete or partial replacement of portland cement. Most of existing studies focused on the material properties of the Hwangtoh concrete including the compressive strength, drying shringkage, and creep. In the present study, the shear strength of the beams made with the Hwangtoh concrete was tested. Further, bond strength of tension re-bars embedded in the Hwangtoh concrete was tested. One of the concrete tested consisted of activated Hwangtoh replacing 20% of the cement. The other consisted 100% activated. Hwangtoh replacing all the cement. The beam specimens were tested under two point static loading. The test result showed that the shear strength of activated Hwangtoh concrete beams replacing 20% and 100% of cement was equivalent to that of the ordinary portland cement concrete beam. However, the bond strength of activated Hwangtoh concrete replacing 100% of the cement was less than that of the ordinary portland cement concrete.


The Anglo-Saxons and their brother Teutons have been a remarkably tenacious and aggressive race. Human history, from the decline of the Roman Empire to the present day, is concerned to a considerable extent with the advance of the Germanic peoples into the far corners of the earth. Whether from motives economic, political, religious, or by methods that were peaceful or warlike, they have penetrated into the worlďs remotest regions, and for good or evil there secured for themselves their "place in the sun." It is not necessary here to consider whether Anglo-Saxon, or indeed' Teutonic civilization, using the term in its broadest sense, is superior to that of the Latin or the Slav, but what is the proper concern of the student of the history of races is to observe where he may the interplay of forces where cultures so peculiarly dissimilar come in contact with one another.


Morphology of the Carboniferous brachiopod genus Davidsonina is elucidated by description and illustration of abundant specimens from the northern Urals. Internal details are shown by serial sections. Distribution of the genus in Europe and Asia is plotted on a map; ecology of the enus is discussed. — R. E. Grant.


Objective:To explore the efficacy and adverse effect of domestic olanzapine in the treatment of schizophrenia with the positive symptoms. Method:96 schizophrenia inpatients with the positive symptoms were randomly divided into domestic olanzapine treatment group and clozapine treatment group.The course of treatment was 8 weeks.The efficacy and adverse effect were evaluated with scale for the assessment of positive symptoms(SAPS) and treatment emergent symptom scale(TESS). Results: There were higher recovery rate,ealier efficacy and more curative effect for positive symptoms in domestic olanzapine group than in clozapine group. Conclusion:Domestic olanzapine is an effective drug in the treatment of schizophrenia with the positive symptoms,which has preferably efficacy,fewer adverse effect.


The impacts of climate change in Africa will be significant and long-term. Long-lived infrastructure and development planning are likely to be particularly affected. Factoring climate change into their design and implementation is, therefore, vital to development outcomes. Yet we know very little about how longterm climate information is used in African decision-making. While seasonal climate information is increasingly embedded in development and humanitarian actions across Africa, our knowledge of the barriers to, and opportunities for, the uptake of longterm climate information is comparatively scant.It is this knowledge gap that the Future Climate For Africa (FCFA) scoping phase seeks to fill. FCFA is a five-year international research programme jointly funded by the UK's Department for International Development (DFID) and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC). The programme aims to advance scientific understanding of sub-Saharan African climate on decadal timescales and promote better communication, use and uptake of climate information in medium- and long-term climate resilience development strategies (5-40 years).FCFA starts from the premise that we need to improve our understanding of Africa's climate system. However, more accurate and precise climate information will not lead to better decision-making on its own. How climate information is communicated, used and taken up by decision-makers will be of equal, if not greater, importance. The wider factors of political economy, institutional settings and responses to other drivers of development and environmental change also need to be considered. Above all, promoting the uptake of climate information in medium and long-term decision-making requires not only an appreciation of climate science, but an understanding of the economic, social and political processes that contribute towards it.


Using the data from the second and from the fifth rounds of the European Social Survey that took place respectively before (2004) and after the beginning of the Great Recession (2010), we aim at investigating whether the crisis has affected the intentions of having a child within three years from the interview. Hence, we have implemented a multilevel regression model, combining micro level and macro level predictors of childbearing. We do not find evidence of a generalized decline in the intentions of having a child, but we obtained that the effect depends on the employment status of individuals. In more detail, the effect of employed significantly interacts with Global Crisis; individuals that are currently unemployed seem to be less likely to have a child within the next three years after the beginning of the crisis. Results are uncertain for temporary employees that seem to be more intentioned to have children than unemployed ones, but less likely to be intentioned than permanent employees during the economic crisis.


This paper extends some theoretical results of Morris and Shin (1998) concerning the role of uncertainty about fundamentals in currency crises and tests their empirical relevance using a novel approach based on the distribution of survey expectations. Econometric evidence from the Asian crisis confirms the prediction that the dispersion of expectations affects the probability of a speculative attack and that the sign of this effect depends on whether expected fundamentals are "good" or "bad". Extensive robustness checks support the findings.


This article focuses on the processes of subjectivity change and subjectification among Brazilian Jews who become citizens of Israel. Global Zionist movements and the State of Israel interpellate their Brazilian and Jewish Diasporic identities, and the process of migration (aliyah) is rooted in diverse motivations, that are further challenged by the political situation in Israel/Palestine. The characteristics of the Jewish Diaspora and of citizenship accession in Israel allow for different ways of looking at contemporary migrations and circulations of people, as well as the way that national and cultural identifications are negotiated between subjects, social context, and the state.