Computer-aided engineering (CAE) software tools for design representation, analysis and optimization play a central role in aerospace engineering. Increasingly these tools are being integrated to automate data transfer, thereby reducing design cycle times and increasing the power of design search and optimization techniques. The majority of work concerning process integration and design automation has focused on the technical issues involved in improving the capability and interoperability of design tools and the means of incorporating them into automated workflows. Of lesser concern has been assessing the performance of these workflows prior to implementation. This paper reports on research at Rolls-Royce that used process mapping and discrete event simulation to help design and predict the performance of an automated design system that is being developed for the early stages of civil aero engine design. The findings of this research are that process simulation can add value to mapping the design process by quantifying the expected outcomes of different implementation scenarios and, thereby, indicating opportunities for further process improvements.


A modification of the spectrophotometric method of complement assay described by Kent (17) is outlined for determining objectively the optimal level of haemolysin to be used in the complement-fixation test. The haemolytic curves obtained by assaying haemolysin at a number of levels are described by a family of linear regression lines (logarithm of the dose of complement-probit percentage of haemolysis) that have a common origin but differ in slope. The optimal level of haemolysin is chosen as that dose which produces the maximum sensitivity of the erythrocytes to the action of complement as manifested by the steepest line.


In networking communication systems like vehicular ad hoc networks, the high vehicular mobility leads to rapid shifts in vehicle densities, incoherence in inter-vehicle communications, and challenges for routing algorithms. It is necessary that the routing algorithm avoids transmitting the pockets via segments where the network density is low and the scale of network disconnections is high as this could lead to packet loss, interruptions and increased communication overhead in route recovery. Hence, attention needs to be paid to both segment status and traffic. The aim of this paper is to present an intersection-based segment aware algorithm for geographic routing in vehicular ad hoc networks. This algorithm makes available the best route for the transmission of the packets of data in the direction of their destination by taking into consideration the status of the traffic segment when selecting the next intersection. Through this algorithm, a new formula for assessing the status of the segment is presented based on three elements: density, connectivity, and distance. To evaluate this routing algorithm, simulations are performed, once the results are obtained, they are compared with the existing routing algorithms. The evaluation of results offered evidence that our routing algorithm did well in terms of packet delivery ratio and packet delivery delay.


Through the analysis of operational requirements and environmental characteristics of nuclear power plant pool, we propose the design of underwater welding robot and establish the 3D model. Then, we introduce special functions and system composition of the robot in detail. After that, we propose the cooperation of the moving system and operating system, for the reason that the center position of gravity and buoyancy change when the operating system moves. Finally, we simply introduce control system components, control strategy and simulation results of the robot.


Aim: This case-control study was designed to investigate the association between Forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) gene polymorphism (-3499A/G, -3279C/A and-2383C/T) and the risk of Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Subject and Methods: Genotyping polymorphism is performed using restriction fragment length polymorphism-polymerase chain reaction (RFLP-PCR) in 100 Egyptian HCC patients and 100 healthy individuals. Results: Analysis of FOXP3 (-3499 A/G) polymorphism showed a significant increase in A allele (p < 0.05) in healthy individuals. In contrast, frequency of G allele is significantly elevated (p < 0.05) in HCC patients which might be risk factor for HCC (OR = 4.5). FOXP3 -3279C/A polymorphism showed a significant increase in C allele (p < 0.01) in healthy individuals while the frequency of A allele is significantly elevated (p < 0.01) in HCC patients which might be risk factor for HCC (OR = 4.6). Genotyping of FOXP3 -2383C/T showed that the C allele was higher than T allele in controls which is increased in HCC patients. Although; no significant differences in allele frequencies between HCC patients and controls. Conclusion: Taking into consideration that genetic polymorphisms are population specific, our data stressed the importance of FOXP3 gene polymorphism in developing HCC. Our pilot study indicates that -3279C/A and -3499A/G polymorphisms in the FOXP3 gene might play a role in HCC susceptibility in Egyptians. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first one that examines FOXP3 polymorphism in HCC patients. Additional studies on larger population are needed to confirm our findings.


Many classical visual odometry and simultaneous localization and mapping methods are able to achieve excellent performance, but mainly are restricted on the static scenes and suffer degeneration when there are many dynamic objects. In this paper, an efficient coarse-to-fine algorithm is proposed for moving object detection in dynamic scenes for autonomous driving. A motion-based conditional random field for this task is modeled. Particularly, for initial dynamic-static segmentation, a superpixel-based binary segmentation is processed, and further for refinement, a pixel-level object segmentation in local region is performed. Additionally, to reduce the projection noise caused by disparity estimation, an approximate Mahalanobis normalization is provided. Finally, in order to evaluate the proposed method, two relative methods are compared as baseline on the public KITTI data set for visual odometry and moving object detection separately. The experiments show the effectiveness and improvement on odometry when the dynamic region is removed and also on moving objects detection.


Spatial diversity has been gaining significant momentum in cellular systems due to its ability to improve radio links in mobile wireless channels. Techniques of spatial diversity have been expanded to build foundations for advanced antenna array technology, to increase capacity in mobile wireless communication systems due to radiation patterns that direct energy only in the intended direction, thereby greatly reducing interference. Similar benefits may be gained in DSSS ad hoc networks, though work in this area has been limiter. To exploit spatial processing in future ad hoc networks, accurate array designs that embed spatial characteristics of the channel and radiation patterns are necessary to quantify the performance benefits. Therefore, in this study we designed a spatial diversity model and using simulation examined the performance benefits attained when configured in a DSSS as hoc network, subject to channels with narrowband and broadband interference.


"Aeary" is an Role Playing Game with Education inside as its genre. This game created with Unity Game Engine. This game has for main characters where they are in charge of saving their city from enemy attacks by answering questions given by the enemy and divided into three arenas. In the arena one, player will answer questions about mathematics. In arena two player will answer questions about science. In arena three player will answer questions about mathematics and science. This game has a goal for students in preparation for the national exam and will be deployed on Android Based Smartphone with two dimensional view.


what is the point? This book represents a good (and necessary) research subject maltreated to the point of scholarly abuse. If I seem intemperate in my comments then let me explain my motivation. In its present parlous state Ghana needs honest and painstaking accounts of its history, its past, as never before. Ghanaian scholars themselves are labouring, bravely, under manifold difficulties in terms of research. To offer them this book as a scholarly account of a segment of their past is simply to compound facile scholarship with a regrettable degree of political insensitivity. Frankly, this volume should never have been published at least in its present form. A caveat. I have been hard on the writer, but only in a sense because I do not think she has done herself justice. There is enough intelligence in the book to warrant an injunction of'back to the drawing board'. The red faces should really belong to the people who 'supervised' the PhD from which the book is derived. Shame on you, gentlemen! This simply will not do.


Personality development is very closely related to mental health.The purpose of this article is to explain charles Horton Cooley's looking-glass self and to use it in headteacher's work.


Nifty BeES is the first Exchange Traded Funds in the Indian Capital Market and its daily returns are compared to benchmark returns. The Researcher found out that Nifty BeES basically overperformd their benchmark while they endorsed their investors with lesser risk than the standard deviation of the Nifty Index. Further, this paper analyses the relationship between portfolio returns and market returns by using Simple Regression Model. The Researcher discovered that returns of the Nifty BeES for price was not related to the index returns, but returns of the Nifty BeES for NAV was related to the index returns. This was due to the price of the Nifty BeES in the secondary market being based on supply and demand while NAV of the Nifty BeES was based on the underlying index. Finally, this paper examined the observed deviation between returns of the Nifty BeES and Nifty Index. Applying three methods, the Researcher concluded that the average tracking error fluctuates from approximately 0.59% to 0.907% for price and 0.049% to 0.549% for NAV. All the methods, which were used in this study for calculating tracking error, did not produce the same results. During the study period of 6 years, portfolio returns of the Nifty BeES beat the market returns and hence it can be considered as one of the investment products in the promising Indian capital market.


DISCUSSION Bacillary angiomatosis (BA) was first reported in 1983 by Stoler et al in a 32-year-old AIDS patient. It is an angioproliferative disease caused by gram-negative bacilli: Bartonella henselae and Bartonella quintana. It predominantly occurs in severely immunocompromised individuals, such as those with AIDS. The principal reservoir of B. henselae is the domestic cat, and the organism is transmitted to humans through a cat scratch or bite. The vector for B. henselae is the cat flea. On the other hand, B. quintana is usually transmitted by the bite of the human body louse, and it is more often seen in the homeless population. Cutaneous lesions of BA present clinically in 2 forms: dermal or subcutaneous. BA can affect other organs also, including the lungs, central nervous system, brain, and bone. Bacillary peliosis refers to the blood-filled peliotic changes of the liver or spleen parenchyma. Abdominal magnetic resonance imaging in our patient revealed no hepatic abnormalities. Nevertheless, there was concern for hepatic peliosis given abdominal pain and strikingly elevated alkaline phosphatase level (1080 IU/L). Furthermore, magnetic resonance imaging revealed multiple enhancing splenic lesions with lymphadenopathy in the abdomen. Fine needle aspiration of the patient's cervical node did not demonstrate B-cell abnormality, and nodal excision revealed compressed reactive appearing nodal tissue with scarring. On histologic examination, BA may exhibit some or all the following 5 features: epithelial collarettes, lobular proliferation of small blood vessels lined by large endothelial cells, edematous stroma, scattered polymorphonuclear leukocytes and neutrophilic debris, and eosinophilic granular clumps of material that stain positively with Warthin–Starry (Fig. 3). Clusters of neutrophils and neutrophilic debris are mainly found adjacent to the capillaries. There is often marked atypia of endothelial nuclei with numerous mitoses and central zones of necrosis. The endothelial cells of BA are polygonal. The diagnosis of BA can be confirmed by electron microscopy, which shows clumps of pleomorphic bacilli that have gram-negative trilaminar cell walls. Clinically and histologically, the differential diagnosis for BA would include pyogenic granuloma, Kaposi sarcoma, epithelioid hemangioma, and verruga peruana. The lobular proliferation of small blood vessels architecturally resembles pyogenic granuloma; however, the endothelial cells found in BA are often larger, polygonal, and sometimes markedly atypical. Kaposi sarcoma clinically presents as patches that then progress to papules or nodules, or tumors, whereas BA often initially presents as papules or nodules. Histologically, the presence of neutrophils, leukocytoclastic debris, and granular material distinguishes BA from Kaposi sarcoma. Furthermore, unlike Kaposi sarcoma, BA is marked by the absence of spindled cells and hyaline globules. Epithelioid hemangioma can look histologically similar to BA, and numerous Weibel–Palade bodies are seen in both under electron microscopy. However, unlike epithelioid


Innovational culture is the soul of innovation and is the spiritual motivation and the intelligence support for the development of innovation.Promoting self-innovational ability and building an innovational country especially need the supports of innovational culture construction.Thus,good cultural atmosphere for building an innovational country can be provided by properly realizing the contents and important role of innovational culture and by selecting proper constructing path and by cultivating innovational culture.


ABSTRACT The business world has been using corporate branding and relationship marketing to build customer loyalty and satisfaction. In recent decades, individuals have applied the tenets of branding to themselves to create the idea of personal branding—marketing yourself as your own brand. By thinking in terms of personal branding and relationship marketing, distance education librarians can more effectively reach out to remote students and build long term relationships that are beneficial to both students and librarians. This article originally published in Journal of Library Administration, Vol. 50, Issues 5–6, pages 628–637, 2010. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01930826.2010.488928.


We present non-Born-Oppenheimer quantum-mechanical calculations of the behavior of isolated molecules of the H2 isotopomer series in static electric fields. Some conceptual aspects of such calculations are discussed. The values for polarizabilities and hyperpolarizabilities of the H2 isotopomers which we present are the first ever fully nonadiabatic calculated values of these properties.


Wars have long been fought with a firm focus upon armies' domestic contexts. These socio-political foundations have underpinned decisions regarding embarking upon war as well the conduct of war itself. Of particular importance among liberal democracies is the emphasis which is now placed upon force protection; broadly conceived as the range of measures employed to ensure the protection of servicemen and women on operations. Decisions surrounding protective equipment, deployed locations and wartime activities all face detailed scrutiny in contemporary operating environments. The attitudes of the government, the military and the civilian population combine to create a complex and dynamic backdrop of harmony and tension to this most sensitive characteristic of modern wars.


Metals that form dense native surface oxide layers challenge plasma diffusion treatment techniques. Experimental results obtained during nitriding of stainless steel from real-time depth-resolved compositional analysis by elastic recoil detection give insight into the transport kinetics. In agreement with semiquantitative considerations on the oxide removal and the oxide growth, the interplay of sputtering and oxidation emerges as a key parameter. On this background, suggestions for practical applications and optimization of the modification processes are given for different plasma diffusion treatment techniques.


This article study the average conditioning for a random underdetermined polynomial system. The expected value of the moments of the condition number are compared to the moments of the condition number of random matrices. An expression for these moments is given by studying the kernel finding problem for random matrices. Furthermore, the second moment of the Frobenius condition number is computed.


In order to account for binaural improvements in detection on the basis of interaural phase shifts, or time deviations, it is necessary to assume that the "critical band" is a sinusoidlike process and that corresponding processes from the two ears interact. Support for this assumption is reported for the binaural conditions N0Sπ, NπS0, N0S0, N0Sm, and NπSm. It was found that neither interaural level nor bandwidth differences matter so long as the levels within the critical bands at the two ears are unaffected. Detection at one ear is affected only by a narrow band of frequencies at the opposite ear, thus confirming the assumption of a band‐limited binaural interaction. Experiments were carried out with three different maskers: a narrow‐band noise, a medium‐band noise, and a medium‐band noise with a gap in it. The narrow‐band masker was as effective as the medium‐band masker. The noise with a gap in it, however, produced a minimal release from masking when added at the nonsignal ear. These findings are dis...


This chapter focuses on developing a sustainable architecture for public electric motorbike charging stations. Electric motorbikes or electric bicycles (both referred to as e-bikes) are compact electric vehicles which are primarily battery-powered and driven solely by electric motors. This work conceptualizes a microgrid architecture which utilizes the integration of distributed generation energy resources providing the charging station nodes with sustainable power and increased fault tolerance. The charging stations proposed in the study increase the long-time energy savings of the infrastructure maintenance authorities while also reducing reliance on the public grid during peak hours. The photovoltaic-based DC microgrid is integrated with e-bike charging infrastructure, moving towards a future of eco-friendly and power-efficient technology.


The basic science component of psychiatry can boast of almost universal validity since the immediate effects of physiological or morphological brain changes are the same all over the world. The situation is different, however, when we are going into the more complex area of behavioural science which is one of the most important components of psychiatry. Here cultural factors play a central role and the methodological problems arising out of this situation have led to the development of the new discipline of transcultural psychiatry.


The slogan was illustrated by two cartoon images: one depicted three women – two Emirati and one Western – sitting in a café, sipping coffee and chatting animatedly over an Applebranded notebook computer. The other showed another group of three people in some sort of generic interaction: two women, one stylized as East Asian and the other as Indian, with an African man. In the background a taxi is visible, with a smiling white male passenger and a Turkish (or possibly "generic Middle Eastern") male driver. The slogan and the images present Dubai as multilingual and multicultural cosmopolitan urban space, where people from around the globe happily mingle and interact but are also clearly marked as racially different. In this poster-case of 21 century urban conviviality, linguistic diversity is not a barrier to communication but constitutes an opportunity to learn and practice new languages.


This study aimed to investigate the quality performance of beauty e-commerce services in Indonesia to find some appropriate improvements according to customer perceptions. Identification is conducted based on electronic service quality dimensions using text mining approaches, namely multiclass classification, sentiment analysis, and text network analysis methods. We gathered data from Twitter as a form of user generated content, because it is essential for companies to perceive what customers feel and need. This study utilized Sociolla, the leading beauty e-commerce in Indonesia, as an object. The results indicate several factors considered necessary by customers, i.e., efficiency, system availability, fulfillment, and responsiveness obtained from classifying customer opinions using the Naive Bayes Classifier model with an accuracy rate of 89%. The study also discovered many complaints regarding incompatible goods stock information on the website, app crash problems, difficulties in tracking orders, and difficulties in selecting payment methods. Moreover, several services are to be maintained, including faster delivery, more discounts, promos, and giveaway events, as well as quick response from customer service in handling complaints.


This article familiarizes counseling psychologists with qualitative research methods in psychology developed in the tradition of European phenomenology. A brief history includes some of Edmund Husserl's basic methods and concepts, the adoption of existential-phenomenology among psychologists, and the development and formalization of qualitative research procedures in North America. The choice points and alternatives in phenomenological research in psychology are delineated. The approach is illustrated by a study of a recovery program for persons repeatedly hospitalized for chronic mental illness. Phenomenological research is compared with other qualitative methods, and some of its benefits for counseling psychology are identified. Phenomenology is a qualitative research method originally developed by the philosopher Edmund Husserl. In the tradition of Giambattista Vico, Franz Brentano, and William Dilthey, Husserl broadened the concepts and methods of modern science to include the study of consciousness, profoundly influencing philosophy, other humanities, and the social sciences throughout the 20th century. Husserl formulated scientific methods that are uniquely fashioned to assist psychological researchers in the investigation of human experience and behavior.


ABSTRACT Methane is a greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming and paddy fields are an important source of methane emission. Methanogenic archaea and methane-oxidizing bacteria inhabiting paddy soil ecosystem play crucial roles in the methane emission from paddy fields. This literature review summarizes progress of ecological studies on methanogenic archaea and methane-oxidizing bacteria inhabiting paddy soil ecosystem from a series of investigations conducted in various paddy fields. Emphasis was placed on the isolation and identification of methanogenic archaea and methane-oxidizing bacteria, and also the composition, abundance, and dynamics of these microbial communities in paddy soil ecosystem. Some perspectives for future studies were presented on the robust stability of methanogenic archaeal community structure and the bias of methane-oxidizing bacterial isolates identified at species level, which will provide fundamental information useful for predicting, controlling, and mitigating methane emission from paddy fields.


Aligned with the roll-out of plug-in Electric Vehicles (EV), a key area of research to enable high EV penetration is a secure and efficient charging system for EV batteries. In recent literature on EVs, reliable and cost-efficient grid operations under high EV penetrations assume the need of EV charging load control. In this scenario, EV charging (and discharging) must be adapted in real time to current grid constraints and sudden grid status changes. However, for realizing these load control functions, grids and EVs should trust each other before executing the operation. Whenever an EV is plugged into a grid for charging, it must be authenticated by the grid; otherwise, EVs and grids are open to security threats that could result in serious safety hazards and billing issues. In this paper, we first view the EV authentication problem as a mutual-authentication problem within a mobile and hostile machine-to-machine (M2M) communication setting. We describe a mutual authentication system tamper-resistant and scalable mutual authentication framework TSAF that can support large-scale grid-connected EV charging. The proposed TSAF is based on two key notions, authentication token (AT) for stateless1 authentications and key obfuscation block (KoB) for protecting authentication key information of client devices. Note that TSAF is the first proposal that addresses mobility, tamper-resistance, key exposure resilience, low complexity, and ease of management for plug-in EV charging.


The properties and dynamics of estuarine environments often exhibit strong spatial gradients and rapidly evolving structure that can be difficult to sample and resolve. High-frequency acoustic backscattering techniques spanning from 10 s to 100 s of kilohertz are well-suited for estuarine studies given that they can provide synoptic imaging, aid in discriminating between sources of acoustic backscattering, and in some cases quantify variables of interest. Here, we compare acoustic backscattering measurements obtained using vessel-based, towed, and underwater vehicle operations from the Columbia River, Connecticut River, James River, and Mobile Bay. These data are supported by other oceanographic measurements and circulation models. The sources of backscattering observed across these sites include bubbles, turbulent microstructure, stratification, suspended sediment, and biology. We focus on the quantification of and discrimination between areas dominated by unique processes, in addition to lessons learned regarding frequency selection and operations in estuarine environments.


With the ecnomic system reform of China,it is necessary to open capital account.Gaining maximum revenue and avoiding risk of liberalization with proper policies are very important to China.


This article develops a simple, yet effective technique of measuring optical parameters in weakly absorbing turbid samples. Although based on diffusion theory, this technique largely relaxes its strict non-boundary and spot source requirements by choosing a suitable source-detector distance. Moreover, the technique is applicable not only to liquid samples, but also to solids or on-line measurements. Experimental results demonstrate that, measured by this method, the reduced scattering coefficients of intralipid suspensions are in good agreement with those obtained by other authors. The paper also reports on the application of this technique to scattering measurements in pulp.


Abstract A new species of benthopelagic calanoid Copepoda is described from New Zealand. The species, Bradyidius capax n. sp. (Family: Aetideidae), is the second species of this genus to be recorded from New Zealand. B. capax females are close toB. armatus Giesbrecht, 1897 and B. rakuma (Zvereva, 1977). B. capax differs from these two species by a combination of its small size, hardly divergent rostral points, fusion line between pedigerous somites 4 and 5 not visible, posterior corners of pedigerous somite 5 directed straight posteriorly (not divergent in dorsal view), seminal receptacles occupy 57% of length of genital double somite measured ventrally, and antennal exopod segment 1 with small seta. The distribution of B. spinifer Bradford, 1969 is extended along the continental slope of north‐eastern New Zealand and some features previously undescribed, are illustrated.


A new preparation of β-hydroxy α-chiral allylic silanes with the anti relative configuration by copper(I)-catalyzed allylic silyl transfer is accomplished.


In this paper, we mainly investigate how the generalized metrizability properties of the remainders affect the metrizability of rectifiable spaces, and how the character of the remainders affects the character
and the size of a rectifiable space. Some results in [A. V. Arhangel'skii and J. Van Mill, On topological groups with a first-countable remainder, Topology Proc. 42 (2013) 157--163.] and [F. C. Lin, C. Liu, S. Lin, A note on rectifiable spaces, Topology Appl. 159 (2012), no. 8, 2090--2101.] are improved, respectively.


In this paper, I summarize 3 years of intensive consultation among members of the world's scientific community on the question of how science and technology could be more effectively harnessed to meet the goals of sustainable development. I begin with a review of the historical roots of the sustainability science movement and characterize the R&D agenda that has begun to emerge from that movement. I then turn to the question of how the institutions governing the S&T enterprise would need to change in order to support sustainability science at a scale commensurate with the challenges before us. I place particular emphasis on questions of mobilizing solution-driven R&D, facilitating integration across disciplines, capacity building, and financing.


This paper presents a new method for speech-codec detection providing reliable information about the perceived quality of a telephone link. Our specific decomposition of the short-time speech-spectrum into a harmonic and a noise component reveals codec-specific distortions of the speech signal. In conjunction with an appropriate classifier, we thus can identify five different codecs with an error rate of less than 8%.


HF (5.5 MHz) Doppler radar observations of nonspread F and spread F echoes over Visakhapatnam (17.7°N, 83.3°E; dip 20°) are presented. The echoes appearing suddenly and nearly simultaneously in 16 successive range bins at 7.5 km intervals in association with spread F have been investigated. Two to five episodes of spread F activity were found to appear at intervals of 1–2 hours during individual nights. At the time of onset of spread F conditions, the Doppler velocity for each range bin changed rapidly from a negative maximum to a positive maximum followed by a gradual decrease to a steady ±10–15 m/s or to a large negative velocity and then again to a large positive. At the time of small constant velocity or velocity change from negative to positive, the spread F echoes were weak or even below the detection level of the radar. This disappearance in the higher ranges causes the decrease in range extent of spread F echoes. The positive and negative maximum velocities of spread F were in the range of +70 to −60 m/s. The maximum upward and downward velocity is not the same in all events of spread F activity. The width of the Doppler velocity spectrum for spread F echoes was found to vary with velocity. For zero velocity the width was a minimum of 50 m/s in contrast to 25 m/s for nonspread F events. These features were consistently observed for all spread F incidences. The observed results are compared with already reported HF/VHF observations and are discussed in the light of equatorial plasma dynamics during the growth phase of Rayleigh Taylor instability leading the incidence of spread F.


"No. 3 Street"is a voluntary organized board trade market in Diancun,which is located among the boarder line of China,Vietnam and Laos. The market was established by the folk authority with traditional ways of living. Folk authority is an important force to maintain the "No. 3 Street"market. In this article,the author concludes that,in the traditional rural society,whether the administrative power or the market itself can not single handed build solid economic system and maintain its operation,and civil authority in the local social and economic life is indispensable.


Through the exploration and hard exertion by the 1930's contemporaty poets, there appeared an artistic style represented by "heartily pure peoms and meaningful symbol" at the time between 1936 to 1937.The main demonstration of this style is embodied by the following aspects: cultured and restrained, light and distant beauty of somnolence, the combination of intention and images centred arround the universal sense and curious conception, music sense and narration.


This is a syllabus for a pre-trial litigation course with an electronic-discovery focus. Instructions for the "Sassy Sentiments Simulation," which was developed for use with this course, is available at SSRN at http://ssrn.com/abstract=1676991.


To the existent problems of the water film dust collector,With certain 130t/h boiler supporting the Venturi water film dust collector replacement for the bag house and its supporting facilities,discussion its reasonable process.


OBJECTIVE
To test the hypothesis that emotional eaters show greater neural activation in response to food intake and anticipated food intake than nonemotional eaters and whether these differences are amplified during a negative versus neutral mood state.

METHOD
Female emotional eaters and nonemotional eaters (N = 21) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during receipt and anticipated receipt of chocolate milkshake and a tasteless control solution while in a negative and neutral mood.

RESULTS
Emotional eaters showed greater activation in the parahippocampal gyrus and anterior cingulate (ACC) in response to anticipated receipt of milkshake and greater activation in the pallidum, thalamus, and ACC in response to receipt of milkshake during a negative relative to a neutral mood. In contrast, nonemotional eaters showed decreased activation in reward regions during a negative versus a neutral mood.

DISCUSSION
Results suggest that emotional eating is related to increased anticipatory and consummatory food reward, but only during negative mood.


The vaporization of a droplet, interacting with its neighbors in a non-dilute spray environment is examined as well as a vaporization scaling law established on the basis of a recently developed theory of renormalized droplet. The interacting droplet consists of a centrally located droplet and its vapor bubble which is surrounded by a cloud of droplets. The distribution of the droplets and the size of the cloud are characterized by a pair-distribution function. The vaporization of a droplet is retarded by the collective thermal quenching, the vapor concentration accumulated in the outer sphere, and by the limited percolative passages for mass, momentum and energy fluxes. The retardation is scaled by the local collective interaction parameters (group combustion number of renormalized droplet, droplet spacing, renormalization number and local ambient conditions). The numerical results of a selected case study reveal that the vaporization correction factor falls from unity monotonically as the group combustion number increases, and saturation is likely to occur when the group combustion number reaches 35 to 40 with interdroplet spacing of 7.5 diameters and an environment temperature of 500 K. The scaling law suggests that dense sprays can be classified into: (1) a diffusively dense cloud characterized by uniform thermal quenching in the cloud; (2) a stratified dense cloud characterized by a radial stratification in temperature by the differential thermal quenching of the cloud; or (3) a sharply dense cloud marked by fine structure in the quasi-droplet cloud and the corresponding variation in the correction factor due to the variation in the topological structure of the cloud characterized by a pair-distribution function of quasi-droplets.


[Abstract]: Many branding consumer-based models focus on analysing the influencing effects of the brand; however, not in relation to Generation Y. Given the size and influence of Generation Y, and that a number of brands (i.e. Red Bull) focus specifically on capturing Generation Y, increasingly their relevance to branding practitioners and branding academics is being realised. This study examines the relevance of Red Bull to Generation Y by examining the role brand fit plays in Generation Y's propensity to purchase Red Bull. Extending the branding literature in relation to Generation Y, brand fit and brand-aroused feelings, the results provide new insights as brand fit more strongly influences purchase intentions indirectly through brand significance, than directly or indirectly through brand-aroused feelings.


The invention discloses a web site content component generating method and analyzing method as well as a device which determines the inserting position of the web site content components in a web site content module; including data items are chosen for the web site content components to generate a data item description character string; the display effect is determined for the data item to generate the display effect character string; the data item description character string and the display effect character string compose a description character string and the inserting position in the web site content module is saved to generate the web site content components. The proposal provided by the mode of the invention adopts a dynamic and flexible way to produce and generate the web site content components, which on the one hand greatly improves the flexibility of the production of components and on the other hand satisfies the requirement of diversity of component effects.


Abstract The purpose of this investigation was to assess the applicability of the metastable equilibrium solubility (MES) concept, previously developed in our laboratory, over wide ranges of two independent variables, carbonate content and crystallinity, and also to examine the influences of these variables on the MES behavior of carbonated apatites (CAPs). The CAP samples were prepared by dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD) hydrolysis for 48 h in NaHCO3-containing media at 95, 70, and 50°C. This method of preparation gave CAP samples with varying carbonate contents and crystallinities. A previously developed technique with slight modification was used to determine the MES distribution for each of the CAP samples. The equilibration solutions were prepared both with and without extraction of fluoride with hydroxyapatite (HAP). From X-ray diffraction, the full width at half-maximum (FWHM) of the 002 reflection was used as a measure of crystallinity. The findings of this study showed that each of these preparations possessed an MES distribution and therefore provided further support that the MES distribution is a common phenomenon describing the dissolution behavior of CAPs, regardless of their carbonate content and crystallinities. The crystallinities of the CAPs decreased and the MES values increased with increasing carbonate content and decreasing temperature of synthesis. A plot of the mean MES value against CAP crystallinity revealed that the mean MES was a single-valued function of crystallinity; i.e., when crystallinity was taken into account, there was no additional effect of carbonate on the MES. When fluoride was not extracted from the equilibration solutions, the MES shifted to lower values. The concept of MES distribution and its dependence on the crystallinity of CAP may provide insight into the mechanism of dissolution of biological apatites, which may be considered imperfect crystalline substances.


This paper describes a novel strategy to Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) tag detection for human– robot interaction (HRI) purposes. The anisotropic detection pattern of the RFID reader antenna is combined with a probabilistic algorithm to obtain a coarse angular position relative to the RFID reader that can be used, for example, for behavioral control based on proxemics areas around the robot. The success rate achieved is suitable for HRI purposes. The paper presents experimental results on a detection model for the reader.


In recent years, across Europe, North America and the Antipodes, a significant number of countries, states and regions have devised strategies that aim to end long-term homelessness and the need to sleep rough. Long considered an intractable or 'wicked' social problem, the notion that homelessness could be ended represents a significant sea change in conceptualising and responding to homelessness. A key driver for states, regions and municipalities to devise plans to end homelessness, and an optimism that this policy objective can be achieved, is that there is an increasing research evidence base on what works to end homelessness. This increasingly sophisticated research evidence covers both the prevention of homelessness in the first instance and the support mechanisms that can ensure sustainable exits and stable, secure accommodation for people who have experienced homelessness. This book explores these issues through a detailed comparison of the experiences of Denmark, Finland and Ireland over the past decade. From 2008 to the end of 2018, the numbers living rough and in temporary and emergency accommodation showed a decline of 72 per cent in Finland, while the number of households in emergency accommodation increased by 300 per cent in Ireland; in Denmark, the number of adults in emergency accommodation increased by 12 per cent over the shorter time period of 2009–17. The purpose of this book is to offer explanations for stark variations in these outcomes despite similar starting points.


The thesis explores the academic and foreign policy roots of the MCA and argues that despite its claimed emphasis on democracy, the epistemological concept of the MCA stems rather from linear, top-down approaches pioneered by Modernization school. On the ontological level, the MCAs underlying assumption of democracy as an antidote to terrorism is seen as a legacy of previous Cold War development initiatives. Finally, pieces of the development mosaic are put back together and the case for MCAs politics of exclusion is being made.


Explore the impact of Rana oil on trained mice myocardium free radical metabolism and ultrastructure, provided the experimental basis for the application and development of Rana oil.ICR mice were divided to Quiet group,exercise group,dose group.The research aimed to establish the oil Rana mice fed the incremental swimming training and exhaustive swimming model.Changes of mice swimming exhausted time,myocardium SOD activity,MDA content and myocardium ultrastructure were measured.The Rana oil can extend the swimming exhausted time of mice,compared with the trained group,Rana oil of high and medium dose group had a significant difference(p0.01).SOD activity in the trained group significantly reduced,compared with the quiet group,had a significant difference(p0.01) comparison with Rana oil each dose group,the high and medium dose group had a significant difference(p0.05).The highest MDA content was in trained group,compared with quiet group was significantly different(p0.01);with Rana oil each dose group were significantly different (p0.01).The myocardium ultrastructure observation showed that the exercise group cardiomyocytes part of the muscle tow sarcomere that dark band structure can be identified,and part of the muscle tow sarcomere structure disappeared,sarcoplasmic reticulum expanded;local increase in the number of mitochondria,were small and dense,some mitochondrial welling,cristae rupture was like cavitation.Rana oil group showed a clearer muscle tow sarcomere,the bright and dark band were clearly.There were no changes of myofilament dissolved and dis- appeared.Rich in mitochondria,oval-shaped ridge looming.Rana oil can significantly improve the function of anti-free radical oxidation of mouse Myocardial tissue,had a significant protective effect against ultrastructural damage of the Myocardial tissue caused by the movement,it can prolong the The mice swimming to exhaustive time,had a good role to improve exercise capacity in mice.


The phase relations in the system Pd–Sn–Te were investigated with the evacuated silica tube method, and characterized by electron-microprobe analysis and powder X-ray diffraction. The experimental charges were weighed using pure elements or presynthesized binary phases. The isothermal section was investigated at 400°C. Our experiments revealed the existence of three ternary phases: Pd 67 Sn 11 Te 22 , Pd 72 Sn 16 Te 12 and PdSnTe, unknown as minerals. Two previously reported ternary phases, "Pd 73 Sn 10 Te 17 " and "Pd 71 Sn 7 Te 22 ", were not identified in this work. The experiments presented have provided useful data concerning the ranges of solid solutions in the ternary system. The phase PdTe 2 , analogue of merenskyite, dissolves up to 3.5 at.% Sn; the phase PdTe, analogue of kotulskite, dissolves up to 19 at.% Sn, and the phase Pd 20 Te 7 dissolves up to 4 at.% Sn. The phase Pd 2 Sn, analogue of paolovite, dissolves up to 4 at.% Te, and the phase Pd 3 Sn, analogue of atokite, dissolves up to 0.5 at.% Te. At 400°C, the following assemblages were encountered: Sn(liq) + SnTe + PdSn 2 , PdSn 2 + SnTe + PdSn, PdSn + SnTe + Pd 20 Sn 13 , SnTe + Te + PdTe 2 , SnTe + Pd(Te,Sn) 2ss + PdSnTe, SnTe + Pd 20 Sn 13 + PdSnTe, Pd 20 Sn 13 + PdSnTe + Pd(Te,Sn) ss , PdSnTe + Pd(Sn,Te) 2ss + Pd(Te,Sn) ss , Pd 20 Sn 13 + Pd 2 (Sn,Te) ss + Pd(Te,Sn) ss , Pd 2 (Sn,Te) ss + PdTe + Pd 67 Sn 11 Te 22 , PdTe + Pd 67 Sn 11 Te 22 + Pd 3 Te 2 , Pd 67 Sn 11 Te 22 + Pd 3 Te 2 + Pd 9 Te 4 , Pd 67 Sn 11 Te 22 + Pd 9 Te 4 + Pd 20 Te 7 , Pd 2 (Sn,Te) ss + Pd 67 Sn 11 Te 22 + Pd 72 Sn 16 Te 12 , Pd 2 (Sn,Te) ss + Pd 73 Sn 14 Te 13 + Pd 3 (Sn,Te) ss , Pd 72 Sn 16 Te 12 + Pd 67 Sn 11 Te 22 + Pd 20 (Te,Sn) 7ss , Pd 3 (Sn,Te) ss + Pd 72 Sn 16 Te 12 + Pd 20 (Te,Sn) 7ss , Pd 3 (Sn,Te) ss + Pd 20 (Te,Sn) 7ss + Pd 17 Te 4 and Pd 3 Sn + Pd 17 Te 4 + Pd.


The purpose of this study is to discuss the urgency of generosity in the hadith. This research method uses a qualitative type through literature study with content analysis. The results and discussion of this study include general views on generosity, hadith about generosity, and the application of generosity according to hadith. This study concludes that Islam is a perfect religion. Not only regulating habluminallah but also regulating habluminannas, which must be done properly, correctly and in balance. One of the teachings of Islam that Allah has commanded to his people is caring and giving. Confession of the truth of a person's faith can be measured by his giving behavior. Giving is not a bad deed, but on the contrary, it is a commendable act. The generous person is close to Allah, close to heaven, close to humans, and far from hell.


Despite being declared a right, the sexual reproductive health (SRH) needs of adolescent girls compared to adult women are largely ignored. Cognizant that majority of adolescent girls are in schools, school head teachers have an important role to ensure information and services are availed to help adolescents understand their sexuality and be protected from sexually transmitted infections (STI), and early and unintended pregnancies which force them to drop out. Evidence shows that head teachers lack competencies to set clear SRH goals, motivate teachers and students, provide resources and partner with stakeholders. The purpose of the study was to establish the role of head teachers in directing, motivating teachers and students and engaging stakeholders to promote access to SRH services among schoolgirls in Arusha City, Tanzania. A mixed survey design gathered perceptions from 4 head teachers; 15 teachers and 355 schoolgirls at Elerai, Sinoni, Olasiti and Mkonoo secondary schools through questionnaires and interviews. The study revealed that the leadership of school head teachers have a significant and positive relationship (p < 0.001). The pseudo rsquare analysis showed that head teacher stakeholder engagement is the highest predictor and describes 11.9% (Pseudo R, .119) while head teacher-led teacher motivation predicts and explains 9.3% (Pseudo R, .093) of the variance in the access to adolescent SRH services. Leadership influence on access to SRH services is homogenous among schools in peri-urban and rural areas. Overall the extent to which the study variables explain the increase in access to SRH services among schoolgirls is very low 26.4% (Pseudo R, 0.264) and additional variables are needed to increase the power of the model. Cognizant of the increasing autonomy of school leadership in the 21 Century, and the study's grounding in transformational leadership and stakeholder theories, the study gives insight on strategies to stimulate the SRH agenda at the local level.


Most organisms must simultaneously find enough food for themselves while trying not to become food for some other organism. Previous field experiments have shown that larvae of Enallagma and Ischnura species are able to coexist in the littoral zones of lakes because they resolve this growth/predation risk trade-off differently: Ischnura species grow more quickly than Enallagma species, but Ischnura species suffer higher mortality rates than Enallagma. We performed a series of laboratory studies to explore the mechanistic basis for the difference in growth between the genera. When held in complete isolation and with unlimited food, larvae of a number of Enallagma species that coexist with fish accumulated mass at much faster rates than Ischnura species. This difference in isolation was due to the fish-lake Enallagma simply ingesting more food. In contrast, when held in the presence of other damselflies or a fish predator, Ischnura had significantly higher growth rates than Enallagma species from fish lakes. All species decreased the amount of food they ingested in the presence of the fish predator as compared to when fish were absent, which resulted in decreased growth in the presence of the predator for all species. However, the interspecific differences in growth rate were due primarily to differences in the abilities of the species to convert ingested food into their own biomass; in the presence of fish, comparably sized larvae ingested nearly identical amounts of food, but Ischnura larvae grew faster because they converted significantly more ingested food into their own biomass than did larvae of Enallagma species from fish lakes. This difference in conversion efficiency between the genera was not apparent when larvae were raised in complete isolation. These results indicate that Enallagma and Ischnura species differ in physiological stress responses to the presence of predators, and this difference may facilitate the coexistence of Enallagma and Ischnura species in the field.


In mice, loss of sialic acid resulting in shedding of glycoprotein (GP) Ibα and GPV has been linked to platelet survival. The aim of this study was to determine whether loss of sialic acid and the GPIb‐IX‐V complex contributes to development of the platelet storage lesion (PSL) in human platelet concentrates (PCs).


We report the pH-k(obs) profiles for the hydrolyses of phosphodichloridate and thiophosphodichloridate ions in aqueous solutions. Both species show broad pH-k(obs) plateaus that extend to high pHs.


This research about Racial Diskrimination by Hansjorg  Martin focuses on three matters; 1) how subalternfigure in the novel "Kein Schnaps fȕr Tamara" by Hansjorg  Martin; 2) how the form of racial discrimination  that appear in the novel "Kein Schnaps fȕr Tamara" by Hansjorg  Martin; 3) which consequence that can be as a result of that racial discrimination. Based on these matters, it could be concluded that this research's purposes are to describe subaltern in the novel "Kein Schnaps fȕr Tamara" by Hansjorg  Martin, to describe the form of racial discrimination that found in the novel "Kein Schnaps fȕr Tamara" by Hansjorg  Martin, to describe  the consequence of racial discrimination in the novel "Kein Schnaps fȕr Tamara" by Hansjorg  Martin. this research is qualitative research with the descriptive analysis method. Source of the data is the novel "Kein Schnaps fȕr Tamara" by Hansjorg  Martin. The data that are looked for consist of words, phrases, sentences which showing about the racial discrimination. The data are collected by using documents technique. The result of this research indicated that (1) the subalternfigure in the novel "Kein Schnaps fȕr Tamara" by Hansjorg  Martin is Tamara, that unuseful,  get unfear treatment; (2) the form of racial discrimination in the novel "Kein Schnaps fȕr Tamara" by Hansjorg  Martin are refusal and isolation, restriction of freedom, pressing or threat and violence; (3) the consequence of racial discrimination in the novel "Kein Schnaps fȕr Tamara" by Hansjorg  Martin are dying, limited the acces, and suppressed the feelling suppressed. Keywords : poscolonial, subaltern and rasial discrimination


There are a method and a control apparatus for controlling a magnetic resonance system described by means of a first pulse sequence comprising an excitation phase (.DELTA.t1), in which by transmission of an RF excitation pulse (A), preferably spatially at a first gradient by applying a Selektionsgradientenpulses (z) selective material in an examination volume (FOV) is excited. Furthermore, the method comprises an acquisition phase (At2), in which a number of RF refocusing pulses (Ref) and in a second gradient direction (x), a number of readout gradient (grad-x) are output for the spatially encoded acquiring raw data of the examination volume (FOV ) (along the second gradient direction x). Here, before one, preferably a first readout operation associated first RF refocusing pulse (1.Ref) in the second gradient direction (x) connected in a Vorphasier gradient pulse (pre-degree-x). Alternatively or in addition, before one of the number of RF refocusing pulses (Ref) subsequent RF restore pulse (Res) in the second gradient direction (x) is switched Ruckphasier a gradient pulse (back-degree x). Here, the Vorphasier gradient pulse (pre-degree-x) and / or the Ruckphasier gradient pulse (back-degree x) have lower edge steepness than the number of readout gradient (grad-x). Alternatively or additionally, is provided between the Vorphasier gradient pulse (pre-degree-x) and said first refocusing pulse (1.Ref) and / or between the preferably associated with the first readout operation, Ruckphasier gradient pulse (back-degree x) and Restore the RF pulse (Res) is a waiting time interval (AWT) is inserted.


After defining the concept of representativeness of a random sample, the author proposes a measure of how much the observed sample represents its parent distribution. This measure is called Representativeness Index. The same measure, seen as a function of a sample and of a distribution, will be called Representativeness Function. For a given sample it provides the value of the index for the different distributions under examination, and for a given distribution it provides a measure of the representativeness of its possible samples. Such Representativeness Function can be used in an inferential framework just as the likelihood function, since it gives to any distribution the "experimental support" provided by the observed sample. This measure is distribution‐free and it is shown to be a transformation of the wellknown Cramér–von Mises statistic. By using the properties of that statistic, criteria for providing set estimators and tests of hypotheses are introduced. The utilization of the representativeness function in many standard statistical problems is outlined through examples. The quality of the inferential decisions can be assessed with the usual techniques (MSE, power function, coverage probabilities). The most interesting examples turn out to be those of situations that are "non‐regular", as for instance the estimation of parameters involved in the support of the parent distribution, or less explored (model choice).


In the above paper, the terminal characteristic parameters for a uniform coupled-line four-port for the general case of an asymmetric, inhomogeneous system are derived, and some of the equivalent circuits are presented.


Of all the extreme sports that made their way to Malaysia, skateboarding has the biggest
success in a short time among the public. Skateboarding has been a popular sport for the past
3 decades, and is quite modem. In fact, skateboarding has been around since 1980, which
happens to be the year in which the first modem skateboard was made. Since then, both
young and the not so young enjoy carving the streets and experiencing the adrenaline rush of
free riding, trick skating and the like. Skateboarding is deeply influenced by and derivative of
the art and sport of surfing. Surfing, which was developed and rooted in Hawaii, is the act of
riding waves with a surfboard. Similar to surfing, skateboarding entails riding a skateboard on
land, and more specifically, paved or concrete surfaces. Skateboards are made in different
styles and made with different skating methods in mind. Some skateboards are styled and
fashioned after longboard surfboards. While these skateboards are not intended for extensive
tricks, longboard skateboards are great for bombing hills and carving while you cruise the
streets.


This survey investigated the health information needs and dissemination strategy among rural community dwellers in four states of Northern Nigeria. 6,000 adults were randomly sampled in the study area. A checklist of health – related issues was the main instrument used for data collection. Simple Frequency Counts, Mean Score and Rank Order statistics were used for data analysis. The study found that rural community dwellers required information for different health challenges. It also found that the primary strategy adopted for health information dissemination among the people was the oral format complemented with print and electronic media. It equally discovered that health care professionals from government departments and agencies were the sole health information disseminators in the rural communities. The paper, therefore, recommended that language experts, information scientists, political groups, religious leaders and communities themselves should collaborate with health care professionals to disseminate health messages among the grassroots so that health promotion in the rural communities of Nigeria can be more effective and rewarding.


In this article the author proves that for any holomorphic mapping the set of hyperplanes deficient in the Valiron sense forms a polar set. This gives a positive answer to a question posed by Griffiths and King.Bibliography: 16 titles.


Microplastics have potentially deleterious effects on environments and ecosystems.  The main research focus for translocation of microplastics has been via water, however recent studies of soils in the Alps and Middle East indicate airborne transport following wind erosion may also be significant.  This paper reports wind tunnel studies to determine the extent to which two types of low density microplastic (microbeads and fibres) may be preferentially transported from different substrates – a well-sorted quartz sand and a poorly-sorted soil containing 13% organics.  The polyethylene microbeads had a size range of 212-250 microns and density of 1.2 g cm3.  The polyester fibres were 5000 microns long and 500-1000 microns in width with a density of 1.38 g cm3.  Concentrations of microplastics in the initial wind tunnel bed ranged from 40-1040 mg kg-1 and the wind tunnel was used to determine the wind speeds at which intermittent and continuous saltation occurred using 0.25 m s-1 increments.  Microplastics were entrained for all experiments regardless of the type of microplastic or substrate but the threshold for entrainment was higher for soils (>10.8 m s-1) than for the sand bed (>6.9 m s-1).  The lowest enrichment ratios (ER) for microplastics were associated with the entrainment of beads from the soil bed (ER = 0.5-7) whilst the highest ERs were found for fibres entrained from the soil bed (ER 100 - >1000).  Overall fibres were more likely to be entrained by wind than beads.  The data will subsequently be used to explore the microplastic concentrations and emissions at source required to account for reported microplastic deposition at sink locations.


A analysis method is presented for a mechanically fastened built-up structure under tension load. The strain concentration at failure is determined experimentally using a small fastener specimen and is utilized to relate the tension strength to the material stress-strain curves and the geometry of the structure. Large panel tests are used to verify the analysis method.


Objective To analyze the endoscopic and pathological characteristics of rectum neuroendocrine neoplasm (NEN).Methods From January 2005 to May 2012,the endoscopic and pathological data of 66 patients with rectum NEN were collected and graded according to historistic grade of gastroenteropancreatic-neuroendocrine neoplasm (GEP-NEN) by World Health Organization (WHO).The factors related with the metastasis of neuroendocrine tumor (NET) and neuroendocrine cancer (NEC) were analyzed by Chi square test and Fisher exact probability method.Results The locations of 66 NEN cases were between three and 15 cm from the anus.The diameters of 54 cases were less than 1 cm and under endoscopy the appearance of most tumors was submucosal hemispherical polypoid bulge.The diameters of nine cases were over 1 cm but less than 2 cm,of which the appearance of five cases was submucosal thickening or sessile polypoid bulge.The diameter of three cases was over 2 cm and the appearance was cauliflower-like or polypoid tumor which caused annular lumen stenosis.Sixty-one cases were NET (grade G1),three cases were NEC (grade G3) and two cases were mixed adenoendocrine carcinoma with both NEC and adenocarcinoma components.The metastasis of NET and NEC was not related with gender (x2 =0.158,P>0.05) and age (Fisher exact probability method,P> 0.05),however was related with the diameter of tumor (Fisher exact probability method,P<0.05).Conclusions NEN is a tumor with variety endoscopic characteristics and pathological features.The metastasis of NET and NEC seems not related with gender and age,but related with diameter.

Key words:
Neuroendocrine tumors;  Rectal neoplasms;  Proctoscopy;  Neoplasm metastasis


Guarded Hamon transfer standards are used at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) for scaling to high resistance levels. An improved design for a guarded Hamon transfer standard in the range from 1 TΩ to 100 TΩ is described. Measurements taken to select the primary and guard resistor elements are described, as well as the process used to clean the resistor elements. The selection process for resistor elements focused on choosing the smallest settling times and narrowest range of corrections from nominal value. Key aspects of this guarded Hamon transfer standard are the elimination of charge-storing materials in its connections, selection of resistors to minimize leakage currents, and the hermetic sealing of all the elements inside one enclosure.


Background The purpose of this review is to depict current research and impact of artificial intelligence/machine learning (AI/ML) algorithms on dialysis and kidney transplantation. Published studies were presented from two points of view: What medical aspects were covered? What AI/ML algorithms have been used? Methods We searched four electronic databases or studies that used AI/ML in hemodialysis (HD), peritoneal dialysis (PD), and kidney transplantation (KT). Sixty-nine studies were split into three categories: AI/ML and HD, PD, and KT, respectively. We identified 43 trials in the first group, 8 in the second, and 18 in the third. Then, studies were classified according to the type of algorithm. Results AI and HD trials covered: (a) dialysis service management, (b) dialysis procedure, (c) anemia management, (d) hormonal/dietary issues, and (e) arteriovenous fistula assessment. PD studies were divided into (a) peritoneal technique issues, (b) infections, and (c) cardiovascular event prediction. AI in transplantation studies were allocated into (a) management systems (ML used as pretransplant organ-matching tools), (b) predicting graft rejection, (c) tacrolimus therapy modulation, and (d) dietary issues. Conclusions Although guidelines are reluctant to recommend AI implementation in daily practice, there is plenty of evidence that AI/ML algorithms can predict better than nephrologists: volumes, Kt/V, and hypotension or cardiovascular events during dialysis. Altogether, these trials report a robust impact of AI/ML on quality of life and survival in G5D/T patients. In the coming years, one would probably witness the emergence of AI/ML devices that facilitate the management of dialysis patients, thus increasing the quality of life and survival.


Companies are increasingly adopting social platforms for supporting their digital workforce, which is more and more virtual or dispersed in cross-functional teams across different locations. Supporting the social processes (communication and collaboration between employees) become an essential task associated with the future of the work. Organizations need reliable measures to understand social platform usage, their effect on knowledge work and ultimately to increase the derived business value. Understanding how to assess the perceived business value would help managers to optimize the usage and increase the impact of digital social platforms at work. This paper proposes the social media business value compass as a tool that enables managers to assess the perceived business value derived from the usage of enterprise social platforms. It classifies the business value along four dimensions: efficiency, innovation, retention and transparency . Using the social media business value compass, managers can redefine and orient their digital strategy.


With regard to the European drinking water regulation, the limit for lead is expected to be reduced to 10 μg/l. In view of this, Wieland- Werke AG have carried out a basic study on the lead release of free-cutting brass and have developed a brass of low lead content for drinking water application. Wieland-Z24 shows good machinability and hot-stamping properties and, compared to conventional free-cutting brass, a substantially lower lead release.


Cryogenic sample carrier (60) for the cryopreservation of biological samples, the - a base member (20), - having at least one substrate part (30) which is detachably fastened on the base part (20) and in each case at least one sample reservoir (34) and at least one connecting element (39), and - having a cover (40), with the at least one sample reservoir (34) can be sealingly closed, - wherein the base member (20) comprises a support plate (21) and is provided with a plurality of anchoring elements (27) such that one or more substrate members (30) on the base part (20) at predetermined positions by joining the anchoring and connecting elements ( 27, 39) can be arranged, - wherein the anchoring and connecting elements (27, 39) by combinations of sockets (27) and plug-in elements (39) are formed, - and wherein the plug elements (39) have a thickened head, which can be inserted as a push-button in one of the sockets (27).


Aim:  To study prevalence and predictive factors of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in a cohort of preterm infants with a high incidence of prenatal steroid and surfactant treatment.


The development of a new class of active material based on the ion transport properties of functional biomolecules is introduced in this work. The new class of materials utilizes a recently developed technique known as the droplet-interface bilayer (DIB) to enable the reconstitution of biomolecules into a durable matrix. Methods to modify the current– voltage relationship across the bilayer, including the incorporation of proteins and the use of an external feedback loop, are explored. Electrical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry measurements are used to characterize the bilayers and indicate that a single DIB can be modeled as a resistor in parallel with a capacitor. Alpha-hemolysin proteins from Staphyloccus aureus cause a reduction in the resistance of the bilayer and exhibit currentrectification at positive cis potentials. Alamethicin proteins from Trichoderma viride produce a voltage-dependent conductance allowing the specific resistance (M cm) of the bilayer to be varied reversibly by 2–3 orders of magnitude. Feedback integral current control is demonstrated on pure 1,2-diphytanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine DIBs and provides accurate current tracking at a driving rate of 10mHz and less. Proportional–integral voltage control applied to a DIB establishes a second-order frequency response where the natural frequency and damping ratio of the resonance can be selected.


This paper considers how computerized work is organized in a class for younger pupils in a compulsory school and how patterns of interaction and use of digital learning resources influence the pupils' work at computers within a Learning Design Sequence (LDS). Data come from a case study, which is a part of a wider research project, "Digital media and learning design sequences in Swedish schools – user perspective". The case study is in the research field of information and communication technology (ICT) and the theoretical framework is based on socio-semiotic and socio-cultural perspectives. The methodological approach is user-oriented and the methods I employ refer to field observation and observation of video recordings. Learning Design Sequence is an analytical model, which is constructed by the research project and the data in the case study derives from the phase of "transforming and forming" within LDS. The result shows that processes of organization, patterns of interaction and affordances of the digital learning resources provide essential semiotic resources that mediate and constrain the pupils' work at the computers.


To be a moral agent is to bear its own responsibility which others cannot take for it. We hold that such irreplaceability consists in its having an inner world to which others cannot have direct access. The purpose of this paper is to propose, as a means of gaining support for our thesis, an experiment --- a psychological one in which to assess to what degree we can attribute moral responsibility to a robot. Furthermore, we explore the possibility of a society where humans and robots coexist.


RECENT scholarship on Hamlet has established the degree to which this play raises questions about early modern religion. Of course, the presence of a ghost seemingly straight out of purgatory has always put the play's theological cards on the table, as it were, but scholars such as Ramie Targoff, Heather Hirschfeld, Stephen Greenblatt, John Freeman, Jennifer Rust and others have further explored the ways in which the play echoes and queries a range of contemporary theological debates.1 A survey of this body of modern Hamlet scholarship, however, reveals that critics have attached the play's religious questions almost exclusively to the character of Hamlet. Admittedly, Hamlet gives voice to many of the most suggestively theological utterances of the play, as when he alludes to the Diet of Worms or fearfully imagines the "undiscover'd country" awaiting us all after death.2 And yet Shakespeare does not limit himself to using Hamlet's character when he probes religious questions, for as I will argue here, Ophelia's ravings also display a complex awareness of England's medieval Catholic past.3 Her descent into grief and madness is marked by a surge of allusions to medieval Catholic forms of piety: St. James, St. Charity, "old lauds," pilgrimage to the shrine of Our Lady of Walsingham, and other pre-Reformation religious folklore. Despite modern contentions to the contrary, Ophelia's network of religious allusions does not conflict with the sexualized nature of her madness.4 The critical tendency is to see her erotomania as somehow necessarily excluding or disabling religious allusions, a view epitomized in editorial responses to the "snatches of old lauds" that Ophelia sings at her death (4.7.176). The word "lauds" appears only in the second Quarto (the Folio reads "old tunes"), and as Harold Jenkins, editor of the Arden, notes, some editors have objected to the idea of Ophelia as singing hymns of praise "as incompatible with her earlier love-songs."5 The assumption here seems to be that since mad Ophelia has been manifestly thinking about sex, she cannot therefore also be thinking about religion. Such reasoning, however, mistakenly imposes a modern understanding of sex and religion as separate categories onto an early modern worldview that saw them as profoundly connected.6 From an early modern Protestant viewpoint, Ophelia's mingling of eroticism and Catholicism makes sense: it comes as no surprise that a woman who slides into a debased (i.e., eroticized) madness should simultaneously give voice to a debased (i.e., Catholic) series of religious utterances.7 Ophelia's allusions to both medieval Catholicism and to sexual activity may allow such a derogatory reading, but this is not the interpretation to which the play seems most wedded. While Ophelia's religious references are sometimes contradictory and cannot be assembled into a coherent, stable whole (she is mad, after all), most of them raise resonant questions about the position of women in England's religious past and thus about the relationship between sexuality and sanctity. Furthermore, they seem charged with nostalgia, and since Ophelia herself dies a sympathetic character, we should not dismiss her "old lauds" as simply the spurious ravings of a madwoman. Ophelia seems to resort to old forms of piety precisely because they offer some solace in her personal wasteland. By showing Ophelia's emotional and imaginative landscape scattered with the debris of old doctrines and ritual practices, Shakespeare uses her final madness to reflect on the costs-especially to women-of the English Reformation.8 As Gertrude recounts, Ophelia drowns while "chanting snatches of old lauds / As one incapable of her own distress" (4.7.176-77), and this description suggests that a bygone Catholic form of piety informs her final moments. Although "laud" can be a generic noun denoting any song or hymn of praise, it was typically used in a religious context. Furthermore, it carried specifically Catholic associations. …


After examining some of the traditional explanations for the continuation of the nuclear arms race between the United States and USSR, the author discusses the psychological components that are believed to play a crucial role in maintaining the momentum of the nuclear arms race. Certain parallels are explored between the vicious circularity of the nuclear arms race and the cycle of neurosis. Psychic numbing, distorted perceptions of the enemy, psychological defensiveness, and illogical thinking are considered in relation to the relevance of each in understanding the current nuclear arns policies of the Reagan administration. It is suggested that new, more creative approaches are required to resolve the nuclear dilemma. There is a need for further awareness, the creative use of imagination, and global perspectives that recognize our common humanity.


Background and Aim:  Congenital portosystemic veno‐venous malformations are rare abnomalities that often remain undiagnosed. Typically they are classified by their anatomical characteristics according to Morgan (extrahepatic, Abernethy malformations type Ia,b and II) and Park (intrahepatic, types 1–4). However, their clinical presentation is less dependent on the anatomical type.


Automatic extraction of legal elements (LEs) from legal documents is essential for constructing a smart court of law. While this task has met with certain success, how to distinguish similar LEs that appear infrequently in the training set remains a challenge, particularly when the number of training documents is limited and the cost of labeling additional documents is high. To overcome this obstacle, we present L-RACL, a neural-net model with label recross attention and contrastive loss to distinguish similar LE labels and capture correlations between LE labels. Extensive experiments show that L-RACL outperforms existing methods. Finally, we finetune ChatGPT to perform LE extraction and show that L-RACL surpasses it.


Ration biscuits prepared by two manufacturers and containing 8 to 23% of one compound animal–vegetable and three all vegetable shortenings were stored at 43.3 °C. (110° F.) for 36 wk. Keeping quality was assessed by flavour, peroxide oxygen, and pH determinations.The type of shortening was found to have a greater effect on keeping quality than the fat concentration or plant practice. Biscuits made with stabilized hydrogenated vegetable shortening were more stable than biscuits made with a compound animal–vegetable shortening. All biscuits became objectionable to the tasters after storage for 22 wk.


Effect of terraces on soil dwelling arthropod diversity in soybean production: The loss of biodiversity in agroecosystems constitutes a main issue in ecological research. Steep backslope terraces, used for soil erosion control, could act as refuges for arthropods in agricultural landscapes. Total and predator arthropod species richness and abundance were surveyed in soybean fields in Entre Rios under a no-till system with and without terraces using pit-fall traps. For the total crop period, total species richness was significantly higher at the margins than in the crop, but not for predator species. Abundance was higher in margins than in crops only when total individuals were considered. Predators were more abundant in margins only at the beginning and the end of the crop cycle, although, in fields with terraces abundance and richness were never higher than in fields without terraces for both total species and predators. Field with terraces did not increase the abundance but increased the species numbers, both total and predators, showing that habitat heterogeneity introduced by terraces favors arthropod diversity at the fi eld scale.


This paper presents a non-linear filtering method based on the multiresolution analysis of the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT). The main idea is to use the time-frequency localization properties of the wavelet decomposition. The proposed algorithm is using an extra decomposition of the identified noise in order to reduce the correlation between the electrocardiogram (ECG) signal and noise. The linear denoising approach assumes that the noise can be found within certain scales, for example, at the finest scales when the coarsest scales are assumed to be noise-free. The non-linear thresholding approach involves discarding the details exceeding a certain limit. This approach assumes that every wavelet coefficient contains noise which is distributed over all scales. The non-linear filter thresholds the wavelet coefficients and subtracts the correlated noise. The used threshold depends on the noise level in each of the frequency bands associated to the wavelet decomposition. The proposed non-linear filter acts by thresholding the detail coefficients in a particular way, in order to eliminate the correlation between the noise and the signal. In this paper, in order to evaluate the proposed filtering method, signals from the MIT-BIH database have been used, and the filtering procedure was performed with added Gaussian noise. The proposed procedure was compared with ordinary wavelet transform and wavelet packet transform based denoising procedures, the followed parameters are the signal to noise ratio and the denoising error.


The dispersive characteristics of Rayleigh type surface waves were utilized for imaging the shallow subsurface layers near Jabalpur, India. The reliability of multichannel analysis of surface waves depends on the accurate determination of phase velocities for horizontally traveling fundamental mode Rayleigh waves. Multichannel recording paves the way for effective identification and isolation of various factors of noise. Decomposition of a multichannel record into time-frequency format permits real-time maximization of S/N ratio during acquisition and processing stages. Using "Surfseis", the MASW data were analyzed and found that the shear wave velocity (Vs) is in the range of 200 – 750 m/sec covering a depth range of 30 – 40 m. A pair of selected set of results over alluvium soil and granites are presented here as a case study highlighting the advantages of MASW.


Tikhonov regularization of linear discrete ill-posed prob lems often is applied with a finite differ- ence regularization operator that approximates a low-order derivative. These operators generally are represented by a banded rectangular matrix with fewer rows than columns. They therefore cannot be applied in iterative meth- ods that are based on the Arnoldi process, which requires the regularization operator to be represented by a square matrix. This paper discusses two approaches to circumvent this difficulty: zero-padding the rectangular matrices to make them square and extending the rectangular matrix to a square circulant. We also describe how to com- bine these operators by weighted averaging and with orthogonal projection. Applications to Arnoldi and Lanczos bidiagonalization-based Tikhonov regularization, as well as to truncated iteration with a range-restricted minimal residual method, are presented.


Research skills in IS Data Modelling Teaching Teamwork in IS Computer-Supported Learning Ways to Teach and Learn about IT Problem-Based Learning Web Delivery of Course Materials Bridging the Industry-University Gap Designing and Executing and E-commerce Degree Program IT Model Curricula Analysis IS Curriculum Development Technology or Teaching IRMA/DAMA Model Curriculum


We performed genome‐wide methylation analysis on 136 pediatric low‐grade gliomas, identifying a unique cluster consisting of three tumors with oligodendroglioma‐like histology, BRAF p.V600E mutations and recurrent whole chromosome gains of 7 and loss of 10. Morphologically, all showed similar features, including a diffusely infiltrative glioma composed of round nuclei with perinuclear halos, a chicken‐wire pattern of branching capillaries and microcalcification. None showed astrocytic features or characteristics suggestive of high‐grade tumors including necrosis or mitotic figures. All tumors harbored multiple chromosomal copy number abnormalities (>10 chromosomes altered), but none showed 1p/19q co‐deletion or IDH1 p.R132H mutation. Hierarchical clustering and t‐stochastic neighbor embedding analyses from DNA methylation data cluster them more closely to previously described pediatric‐type low‐grade gliomas and separate from adult gliomas. These tumors exhibit distinct clinical features; they are temporal lobe lesions occurring in adolescents and young adults with a prolonged history of seizures and all are alive with no recurrence (follow‐up 3.2 to 13.2 years). We encountered another young adult case with quite similar pathological appearance and molecular status except for TERT promoter mutation. Although the series is small, these may represent a new category of IDH wild‐type low‐grade gliomas which may be confused with "molecular GBM." Further, they highlight the heterogeneity of IDH wild‐type gliomas and the relatively indolent behavior of "pediatric‐type" gliomas.


The OLED display according to an embodiment of the present invention is disposed on the thin film transistor, the gate electrode and the same layer, which is disposed in the display area of the substrate, the substrate having a display region and a non-display region, a gate electrode, a gate electrode a first scan line and the first scanning wiring and arranged on a different layer, a and a second scanning wiring having an area which overlaps with the first scan line, the first scan wirings connected to the second in a non-display area of the substrate It may be connected to the scan lines.


The ancient kingdom, or polity, known as Fu Nan is thought to have extended across part of present-day Vietnam and Cambodia and perhaps into parts of Thailand and Malaysia. It came to the attention of Western scholars through the research into Chinese historical records surviving from the early centuries of the Christian Era by the great French sinologist Paul Pelliot (1903). It was later given material form through the fieldwork of another distinguished French scholar, the archaeologist Louis Malleret (1959–62), who worked on behalf of l'École Française d'Extrême-Orient (EFEO) in the western part of the Mekong Delta under difficult conditions during the Pacific War. Thereafter, war and civil turmoil made conditions for further field research impossible until the late 1970s, when Vietnamese archaeologists led by Le Xuan Diem Dao Linh Con and Vo Si Khai from the Centre of Archaeology, of the Institute of Social Sciences (CAISS), Ho Chi Minh City, started an active programme of research in the whole of the delta region. A little later, renewed interest in Vietnam by the EFEO led to a revival of archaeological research around Oc Eo in the transBassac regions of the Mekong Delta, led by Pierre-Yves Manguin (EFEO) and Vo Si Khai (CAISS), the second of whom contributes to this book. With the return of relative stability in Cambodia in the 1990s a joint Cambodian–American archaeological team instigated a multi-disciplinary field programme (LOMAP) in southeastern Cambodia, in and around Angkor Borei, long thought to be a, or perhaps the, capital of Fu Nan in the early centuries of the Christian (or Common) Era. Miriam Stark contributes a preliminary summary of the results of this programme. This is a timely and useful book: timely because few results of this renewed archaeological research are available other than in Vietnamese language or in scholarly journals and specialised conference papers which are difficult to find by the average reader interested in the background to what we might call the foundation culture of all the historic kingdoms of Southeast Asia. This wellillustrated book provides a reasonably comprehensive and up-to-date account of the pre-war research on Fu Nan and on some of these later programmes, and it is only to be regretted that Pierre-Yves Manguin was unable to provide an account of the important, and still unfinished, EFEO research at and around Oc Eo. In Chapter 1, John Miksic provides an introduction to the history of research on Fu Nan, emphasizing the role of the


The diploma thesis deals with the person called ?contractor?. In the theoretical part of this thesis, the term contractor and mercenary is defined. Also, his position in the field of commercial security is explained. Professional knowledge and skills which are, according to my opinion important , as well as most frequent activities during contractor work are described. The end of the theoretical part of the thesis deals with foreign and domestic companies, which effort services of private security contractors. The results are analysed and own proposes applicable in practical security are offered.


In the research paper titled "The self-proving theorem of Goba and its explanation on the basis of a formula [Goba Cha Swayamshidha Sidhanta Wa Sutrachya Aadharache Spastikaran, (In marathi)]," which is researched by my father and researcher Late Shri Shantaram Bapurao Janorkar and compiled by me with providing diffetent examples and putting them in scientific and mathematical language, circumference of circle 6283185306o ÷ diameter 2000000000o = Goba 3.141592653 the constant of Goba is definite, complete and rational. While thinking over this research paper prepared by me, I am getting new concepts through this research and that inspires me to do research and prepare research papers on different new subjects. From this, various new formulae in mathematics (Geometry) have come to notice. The theorem of various formulae of equations in mathematics (Geometry), [Ganit (Bhumiti) Madhil Veg Vegalya Samikarnanchya Sutranchaa Shidhanta, (In Marathi)], and I am putting before the world, by giving different types of examples and I have tried to put these formulae clearly in scientific and mathematical language.


Procurement Between the Wars: A Reappraisal of Rearmament (1988); Eric Grove, Vanguard to Trident: BritishNavalPolicy SinceWorld WarTwo(1987); GeorgeModelski and William R. Thompson, Seapower in Global Politics, 1494-1993 (1988); Nicholas Tracy, Attackon Maritime Trade (1991); and noneof the booksby Patrick Beezley, John Hattendorf, Vice AdmiralSir Arthur Hezlettand StephenRoskill, or the major works of Volker Berghanand Michael Epkenhans (surprising in a scholar whose main work is in Germannavalhistory). Discussion of navaltheory is baseduponsecondary works thus, there are no bibliographic citations of the worksof Raoul Castex, Julian Corbett, Alfred ThayerMahan, Herbert Richmond or ColinGray. The foregoing suggests that the author lacksfamiliarity withmuchof the basichistorical writingon Europeannavalhistory in the nineteenth and twentieth century. While there is muchmore work to be doneon the historyof Europeannaviesas complexorganizations actingwithindifficultdomestic and international politicalenvironments, there is probably enough reliable literature to provide the basis for a synthetic monograph comparable to JohnGooch'sArmiesin Europe (1980). Goochto a remarkable degreewasableto integrateexaminations of militaryorganization, political context,social circumstances, strategicrequirements, technological change and operational performance in war. In effect, he made the argument that important militaryactivitywas inexplicable without engagement with a broad range of issues. In his preface, Gooch observed that "Europe's naviesdeservea book to themselves" and that "perhaps simpleannoyance, if nothing else, will stimulate someone to write it." [x]Sondhaus has provideda responseto Gooch's twenty-year old challenge but has not risen to the occasion.


This research used a scenario study and survey data to examine the effects of 3 factors (position power, personal power, and organizational efficacy) on responses to sexual harassment. Results of the scenario study revealed that the position power and personal power of the victim and the efficacy with which the organization dealt with previous incidents of sexual harassment were positively associated with the likelihood that participants actively responded to a hypothetical incident of sexual harassment. Similarly, analyses of the survey data revealed that position power, personal power, and organizational efficacy significantly predicted actual victims' responses to experienced sexual harassment. However, contrary to prediction, personal power was negatively associated with the number of active responses taken by actual victims. Results also suggested that the effects of position power, personal power, and organizational efficacy were not significantly moderated by individuals' previous experience with s...


Endo-polygalacturonase (endo-PG) production by Aspergillus niger T0005/007-2 in solid medium with 170 mm of height was evaluated in a cylindrical double surface bioreactor in 96-h experiments. Cell concentration close to 92 mg.g -1 dm (mg per g of dry medium) in the standard condition (static) was achieved, whereas in tests under forced aeration of 1.4 and 2.8 L.min-1. Kg-1 mm (L of air per minute per Kg of moist medium) and with the central shaft fungal biomass attained approximately 100 mg.g-1 dm. Superior endo-PG activity was obtained with the central-shaft system, 78 U.g-1 dm (units per g of dry medium). Forced aeration and pressure pulse showed no positive effect on the production of endo-PG, 45 U.g-1 dm and 28 U.g-1 dm, respectively. None of the conditions evaluated was efficient for medium temperature control. Endo-PG was stable up to 40oC. The activity decreased in 50% after 120 minutes at 50oC, which is a temperature normally found during this process.


The increasing imposition of digitalization as a vital element of the life of each individual, determines the indispensability of analyzing the balance between facilities on the one hand and the disadvantages of the media on society. This review reflects the impact of media networks on the behavioral patterns adopted by citizens as members of society. Pursuing the goal of identifying measures to improve the degree of influence through social networks on public opinion, increase the quality of information circulated in the virtual environment and streamline spending time on online platforms.


The article holds that the relationship between population, resources, environment and the development of socio-economy can be well dealt with based on the following measures: first, we should control the gross population and improve the quality of the population; second, we should stabilize the low fertility and improve the service of family planning; third, we should increase the investment on poverty reduction, improve the management system and build an investment security system which mainly depends on governmental investment.


We are seeing the formation of new economies of excess linked to globalisation: the formation of a global capital market that dwarfs global GNP and global trade, the disproportionate concentration of wealth in limited numbers of Ž rms and in limited numbers of individuals, stock market valuations that are hundreds of times the actual proŽ tability of a Ž rm. All of these are by now familiar and have received considerable attention. In this article I want to focus on conditions that can be thought of as yet another set of economies of excess linked to globalisation but not usually considered alongside the factors listed above. These are economies of excess constituted on the back of the poor and the powerless. They are emerging from the desperate survival strategies of a growing number of poor, from the illegal and merciless ways of proŽ tmaking using the poor by those seeking to make money no matter what, and from the often heavy reliance by governments on the remittances of their hard working low-wage emigrants and traæ cked workers to obtain foreign exchange reserves.


This paper contains four reports on the following topics: the rotating target neutron source; discovery of two new long-lived isotopes: /sup 261/Lr and /sup 262/Lr; search for /sup 272/(109) in a new region of stability; and the lightning-invulnerable device system. (LSP)


Semiarid forests characterized by the presence of “trub” species, which have short heights but large canopy sizes, can maintain a high carbon sequestration rate. By integrating terrestrial laser scanning (TLS), we quantified drought-forced tree morphological variation along a precipitation gradient; annual precipitation (MAP) explained 70.3% of variation in tree height (Height) but did not explain the variation in canopy area (CA). Theoretical CA-Height relationships widely adopted by dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs)  matched only the 5th percentile of our results, which is problematic for simulating carbon sequestration of open forests in semiarid regions. The trend toward “trubs” under a drying climate implies two decoupled functions of stems, mechanical stability and hydraulic efficiency, and can be an important strategy for trees to balance water and carbon. Our results demonstrate the importance of tree morphological studies for both tree environment-acclimation strategies and the improvement of DGVMs.


It was only around 1800 that heredity began to enter debates among physicians, breeders, and naturalists. Soon thereafter it evolved into one of the most fundamental concepts of biology. Here Staffan Muller-Wille and Hans-Jorg Rheinberger offer a succinct cultural history of the scientific concept of heredity. They outline the dramatic changes the idea has undergone since the early modern period and describe the political and technological developments that brought about these changes. Muller-Wille and Rheinberger begin with an account of premodern theories of generation, showing that these were concerned with the procreation of individuals rather than with hereditary transmission. The authors reveal that when hereditarian thinking first emerged, it did so in a variety of cultural domains, such as politics and law, medicine, natural history, breeding, and anthropology. Muller-Wille and Rheinberger then track theories of heredity from the late nineteenth century - when leading biologists considered it in light of growing societal concerns with race and eugenics - through the rise of classical and molecular genetics in the twentieth century to today, as researchers apply sophisticated information technologies to understand heredity. What readers come to see from this exquisite history is why it took such a long time for heredity to become a prominent concept in the life sciences and why it gained such overwhelming importance in those sciences and the broader culture over the last two centuries.


The author tries of demonstrating that the jacobeo pilgrimage of Denmark was so important and active as in the others Scandinavian countries, above all taking account the density of population that it is considerably more reduced. Analyzes the jacobeo pilgrimage in his historical, artistic, cultural and literary aspects.