Galvin ("Jesus Christ") had done more updating and rewriting. With his wide learning and exemplary judgment, he would have assessed brilliantly, for example, what has been written in recent years on (or against?) the resurrection by John Dominic Crossan, Gerd Lüdemann and, above all, Dale Allison. I also missed any engagement with that remarkable trio of books from 2003: Jesus Remembered (James Dunn), Lord Jesus Christ (Larry Hurtado), and The Resurrection of the Son of God (N. T. Wright). Frank Fiorenza has provided the new edition with a splendid introduction ("Changing Roman Catholic Perspectives"), as well as adding ten pages ("Transitioning to the Twenty-First Century") to the magisterial chapter he wrote for the first edition ("Systematic Theology: Task and Methods"). In his chapter on marriage, he has likewise not only revised the bibliography but also added fresh material (611–12, 614–15). Michael Fahey ("Church") has developed a substantially new section on "Disillusionment and Disaffection" (318–19) and updated his bibliography, including new material coming from important ecumenical dialogues. Roger Haight ("Sin and Grace") has added a preliminary section on the new context for thinking about the doctrines of sin and grace (377–81), and appropriately alerts readers to the significance of the 1999 joint Catholic and Lutheran declaration on justification (416–18). I missed, however, any treatment of Pope John Paul II's teaching on the social dimensions of sin. To his chapter ("Approaching the Christian Understanding of God"), David Tracy has added a concluding section on "God-Talk in Different Epochs and Today" (119–27). A few mistakes turn up: for instance, Rudolph (instead of Rudolf) Schnackenburg (327), and Wilhelm (instead of William) Wrede (282, 283, 661). Sometimes remarks that were made in the first edition of 1991 about "recent" publications have survived in this second edition, even though the items in question appeared in the 1980s (for example, 59, 116, 523). This volume admirably succeeds in its aim of providing basic knowledge for "collegiate religion majors, and not only for beginning theology students in master's programs, both academic and ministerial, but also for interested and informed general readers" (xxv).


Because of the method of deacidification of the oil fraction can't solve the problem of the equipment corrosion effectively, the technology of deacidification solvent is used to research the deacidification of the crude oil with high acid number in lab. Comparing with the technique of deacidification of alkali washing for the oil fraction, the technology of deacidification solven of the crude oil with high acid numbe can decrease or banish the naphthenic acid corrossion to equipment, it is of the characteristic of small dosage,low wastage of NaOH,small discharge capacity no emulsification, good adaptability and effect of deacidification ,the rate of deacidification reaches 95%. After the crude oil with acid number of 2.07mgKOH/g is deacidized,the acid number of it's distillation of 180~350℃ is smaller than 10 mgKOH/100ml, so the distillated diesel oil does not need deacidification. The new technique that combinates the desalting with deacidificating is put forward, it is pointed out that the existing equipment can be used to save cost.


Combining results from mixed integer optimization, stochastic modeling and queuing theory, we will advance the interdisciplinary problem of efficiently and effectively allocating centrally managed resources. Academia currently fails to address this, as the esoteric demands of each of these large research areas limits work across traditional boundaries. The commercial space does not currently address these challenges due to the absence of a profit metric. By constructing algorithms that explicitly use inputs across boundaries, we are able to incorporate the advantages of using human decision makers. Key improvements in the underlying algorithms are made possible by aligning decision maker goals with the feedback loops introduced between the core optimization step and the modeling of the overall stochastic process of supply and demand. A key observation is that human decision-makers must be explicitly included in the analysis for these approaches to be ultimately successful. Transformative access gives warfighters and mission owners greater understanding of global needs and allows for relationships to guide optimal resource allocation decisions. Mastery of demand processes and optimization bottlenecks reveals long term maximum marginal utility gaps in capabilities.


We present results of electron‐positron pair cascade simulations in a dipole magnetic field whose polar cap is offset from the dipole axis. In such a field geometry, the polar cap is displaced a small fraction of the neutron star radius from the star symmetry axis and the field line radius of curvature is modified. Using the modified parallel electric field near the offset polar cap, we simulate pair cascades to determine the pair deathlines and pair multiplicities as a function of the offset. We find that the pair multiplicity can change dramatically with a modest offset, with a significant increase on one side of the polar cap. Lower pair deathlines allow a larger fraction of the pulsar population, that include old and millisecond pulsars, to produce cascades with high multiplicity. The results have some important implications for pulsar particle production, high‐energy emission and cosmic‐ray contribution.


The birth of Supreme Court Regulation No. 5 of 2019 concerning Guidelines for Trying Marriage Dispensation Applications aims to provide clear rules regarding the procedure for determining or granting marriage dispensation by judges. However, it is considered that it has not made a significant change in the high number of marriage dispensation cases that have entered the judiciary, which at the same time shows the ineffectiveness of limiting the practice of child marriage. The courts that are trying to stem the surge in the practice of child marriage do not seem to have yielded satisfactory results, even with the presence of these guidelines. In reviewing the effectiveness of the law, there are problems with the legal factors themselves, namely the guidelines and Law No. 16 of 2019, which still opens up opportunities for the practice of child marriage for urgent reasons that are still multi-interpreted. Apart from that, on societal factors, the low level of public understanding of the dangers of child marriage can be seen from the rise of permissive free association, and on cultural factors, there are still members of the public who practice child marriage for reasons justified by their culture.


not primary but derived. The physical meaning of spirit (p17) is breath. Where breath is present there is life and power; where it is absent there is only flesh and weakness and decay. And thus the idea of life and power may have become connected with ruach by observation. But if we should suppose this to be the case, the connexion of the idea of power with 'spirit' is of such ancient date that it precedes that use of language which we find in the Old Testament. Now in harmony with this general idea of ' spirit' is all that is said of the spirit of man in man. The original sense of spirit is breath. This was the sign of life, or was the principle of life. But by a step which all languages seem to have


Abstract The purpose of this paper is to explicate the development, structure and functions of the Hope Center Wilderness Camp (HCWC). The qualitative relations among theoretical principles, on which the HCWC programs are based, to the high success rate of 85% for campers who complete the camp's program and do not reci-divate, within six months after being released from camp, are analyzed. Criteria for accepting campers include: age range, 12-17 years; each camper mustbe emotionally disturbed, but not mentally retarded; nature of offense-varies from truancy or adolescent incorri-gibility to (adult) felony offenses, including murder. Fifty-two percent of the campers are referred to HCWC by juvenile court judges. Each prospective applicant, however, must choose to become a HCWC client as a prerequisite for being accepted as a camper. The analysis of this article attempts articulation of those methods and techniques, which have proven to be most efficacious in facilitating attainment of the above high succes...


By bringing the Napoleonic Wars to an end, the Battle of Waterloo gave the last impetus to an ongoing upheaval that, in little over a decade, dislocated a centuries-old global Iberian world. To a limited extent, it also contributed to the unleashing of an era of civil war that resulted in the secession of most of the Spanish American dominions and fuelled the ideological battleground between conservative and progressive, centralist and decentralist forces. Portugal fared no better, troubled by domestic crises and the eventual unravelling of the Lusitanian Empire through the emergence of an independent Brazil.


Optimum target area(OTA) plays an important rule in mineral resource prospecting,which is not only the end production of mineral resource assessment,but also the bridge between the mineral resource assessment and exploration plan.However,it is usually ignored or simplified owing to the incomplete cognition and being lack of technique or software.In this paper,we disscuss the OTA principles based on the geology,set up the data flow for OTA and develop the GIS-based OTA model.The Gejiu,Yunnan,southwestern China,was chosen as an example to do the demonstration research.The results demonstrate that the OTA model could reflect the properties of target areas,and can enhance the efficiency of OTA.


Seasonal time series with trends are the most common data sets used in forecasting. This work focuses on the automatic processing of a non-pre-processed time series by studying the efficiency of recurrent neural networks (RNN), in particular both long short-term memory (LSTM), and bidirectional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM) extensions, for modelling seasonal time series with trend. For this purpose, we are interested in the learning stability of the established systems using the mean average percentage error (MAPE) as a measure. Both simulated and real data were examined, and we have found a positive correlation between the signal period and the system input vector length for stable and relatively efficient learning. We also examined the white noise impact on the learning performance.


Introduction: Many different instruments have measured the composition of Martian materials both in situ on the surface of Mars as well as in terrestrial laboratories in the form of meteorites. Each analysis has focused on a different component of Martian rocks and their alteration products. Global and regional views are provided by orbiting spacecraft such as the Mars Odyssey GRS and the Mars Global Surveyor TES. Whole rock compositions are addressed by bulk meteorite analysis and the Mars Exploration Rovers' (MER) APXS. The bulk composition of weathered rocks, clods, and soils is provided by the MERs' APXS, Viking landers' XRF, and Pathfinder. Finally, individual minerals and alteration phases within Martian meteorites are examined with various analytical techniques in terrestrial laboratories. By comparing element correlations over these different scales (global, regional, whole rock, and individual components), we hope to better understand general weathering trends and aqueous conditions on Mars. Methods: Major and minor element abundances were determined by electron microprobe (Cameca SX50, University of Hawaii). Elemental abundances in MIL 03346 are compared to MER APXS analyses of Martian rocks and soils [2]; Pathfinder "sulfur-free" rocks [3]; Viking clods and soils [4]; bulk chemical analyses of MIL 03346 [5], Nakhla, and Shergotty [6]; as well as individual minerals and alteration products in Lafayette [7-8], Nakhla [9], and NWA 817 [10]. Results: Unaltered olivine (cores) in MIL 03346, an average of 10 analyses, contains ~45 wt% FeO, 34% SiO2, 19% MgO, 0.9% MnO, 0.5% CaO, and 0.1% P2O5. Aqueously altered olivine in MIL 03346, an average of 9 analyses, contains ~42 wt% FeO, 38% SiO2, 6% MgO, 1% SO3, 0.8% MnO, 0.4% CaO, 0.4% Al2O3, 0.4% P2O5, and 0.2% K2O. Aqueous alteration veins found within MIL 03346 olivines, an average of 5 analyses, contain ~42 wt% SiO2, 38% FeO, 3% MgO, 1% SO3, 0.6% MnO, 0.1% Al2O3, and 0.1% CaO5. SO3 vs. SiO2. Fig. 1 shows SiO2 and SO3 correlations in Martian rocks, clods, soils, and meteorites. In MIL 03346, as olivine is altered, it becomes relatively enriched in SO3 and SiO2 compared to unaltered olivine, because cations are lost to solution and sulfur is adsorbed. In aqueous alteration veins found in MIL 03346 olivines, SO3 accumulates and the relative abundance of SiO2 decreases. This also appears to be the case for many of the MER, Pathfinder, and Viking soils, rocks, and altered materials. 0.1 1 10 100


Purpose – To investigate the application of multi‐attribute utility theory (MAUT) to aid in the decision‐making process when performing benchmarking gap analysis.Design/methodology/approach – MAUT is selected to identify the overall best‐in‐class (BIC) performer for performance metrics involving inventory record accuracy within a public sector warehouse. A traditional benchmarking analysis is conducted on 14 industry warehouse participants to determine industry best practices for the four critical warehouse metrics of picking and inventory accuracy, storage speed, and order cycle time. Inventory and picking tolerances are also investigated in the study. A gap analysis is performed on the critical metrics and the absolute BIC is used to measure performance gaps for each metric. The gap analysis results are then compared to the MAUT utility values, and a sensitivity analysis is performed to compare the two methods.Findings – The results indicate that an approach based on MAUT is advantageous in its ability ...


Nanotechnology and nanomaterials were successfully applied in several countries to increase crop yield and quality. In Vietnam, some studies have focused on evaluating the effectiveness of using metal nanoparticles in many different plants. This study showed that the utilisation of nano-cobalt proved a good impact on the seed germination and agro-biological characteristics of the DT96 soybean cultivar (Glycine max L. Merr). Results exhibited that the treatment of DT96 soybean seeds with cobalt nanoparticle solutions increased the germination rate and remarkably increased the germination rate, in which the dose of 0.33 mg/kg of seeds gave good results (93.03%). In addition, nano cobalt also improved the growth of DT96 soybean; stem height, root length, and dry weight of rhizomes... all increased more than the control and reached the maximum when being treated with a dose of 0.33 mg/kg of seeds.


Objective:To investigate the effects of YN-3 on changes of NR2A NR2B mRNA in hippocampal tissue in chronic stress rats. Method:Thirty-two male SD rats were evenly randomized into control,stress-model,and YN-3 group and Prozac220 group. Chronic stress model was established by using mixed stimulation. The contents of corticosterone (CORT) and Glutamic acid(Glu) in hippocampal tissue were detected with radioimmunoassay techniques and electro-chemical detection technique. NR2A,NR2BmRNA expressions in hippocampal tissue by Quantitative Real Time PCR.Result:Compared with control group,the rats′ hippocampal NR2A and NR2BmRNA contents increased remarkably in model group(P0.01). In comparison with control group,the rats′ NR2A,NR2BmRNA contents lowered significantly in YN-3 group(P0.05). Conclusion:Chronic stress may cause high level NR2A and NR2BmRNA in hippocampal,whereas YN-3 can adjust the expression of NR2A and NR2BmRNA in hippocampal tissue.


This work is devoted to burials containing elements of a female costume of East German origin, discovered in the urban necropolises of Chersonesus and Cimmerian Bosporus in the 5th–6th centuries. Burials with German objects are most often in the same collective tombs and in the same necropolises as the burial of the urban Hellenized population. The appearance and resettlement of the eastern Germans in the cities of the Northern Black Sea Coast is attested by written sources only for the Cimmerian Bosporus. About 400 Goths could even occupy a dominant position here. This explains their integration into the Bosporus ruling elite, as evidenced by the existence of rich graves with German implements in the tombs of the local nobility. Later, Cimmerian Bosporus is under the rule of the Huns, and in 534 the military expedition sent by Justinian returns the region to the power of the Empire. Written sources directly indicate the presence of Gothic federates from Minor Scythia as part of the Justinian assault. Therefore, the researchers explain the appearance of a new series of East German things in the Northern Black Sea region by the arrival here of the German soldiers with their families. On the other hand, the violent deportation of barbarians to the Crimea is also possible – a practice well known in the Justinian era. This is how you can explain the appearance here of Italo-Ostrogothic and Gepidic things. In Chersonese German things could fall and as a result of various contacts with the Goths from the country of Dori, in the South-Western Crimea. However, despite the various historical destinies and different statutes of the Germans, in the north-Pontic cities they sooner or later come to be absorbed by the local environment, which reflects the finds of the items of female clothing in urban necropolises.


We examine the propagation of filament after the femtosecond laser pulses pass Random-phase plates and Stair-phase plates. The intensity and numbers of the filament increase sharply due to the interactions of filaments.


Ren/3 Dufriche Desgenettes was born at Alen^on, in 1762. He was descended from an old family, whose members have for several centuries illustrated the magistracy and the bar of that city. His earliest instruction was received at Alenpon, but he was soon transferred to Paris, where he studied at the College of St. Barbe. At the age of eighteen, he made choice of the medical profession; and, after having attended the principal schools of Paris, he visited those of England and Italy. He has recorded the remarkable events of this period of his life in his " Souvenirs," a book which was the production of his latter years, and which shews the extent and


I will discuss possible approaches to the use of semiotics, semantics and pragmatics in the analysis of advertising discourses in English language media. I will discuss the rhetoric of the image and the stylistics of consumption. The aim of this article is twofold: by analysing advertising discourse, I want to gain insight into the construction of advertisements and at the same time provide a means for a de-manipulative look at the discursive construction of social and cultural identities through consumption. This leads into the linguistic and semiotic analysis of advertising texts and images using a constructionist approach, combined with the analytical framework of social semiotics, visual design, rhetoric, stylistics, text linguistics, and critical discourse analysis.


The goal of the eSkin project is to explore materiality from nano to macroscales based upon an understanding of the dynamics of human cell behaviors. Immediately at hand, is the necessity to understand, speculate, test and simulate which nonlinear nano-to-micro scaled material properties are possible at the architectural scale. The synergistic, bottom-up approach across diverse disciplines, including cell-matrix biology, materials science & engineering, electrical & systems engineering, and architecture brings about a new paradigm to construct intelligent and sustainable building skins that engage users at an aesthetic level. In this paper, we present two human scale prototypes combining real-time presence detection with specialized display technology and interactive computer simulation. The prototypes probe the possible features and effects of eSkin at the scale of a building facade unit.


The P. P. Levine Award is presented each year to the senior author of the best paper published in Avian Diseases, as determined by the AAAP Awards Committee. This award is named for Dr. P. P. Levine, the founder and first editor of Avian Diseases. The journal was first published in May 1957 from Cornell University, where Dr. Levine earned his D.V.M. and Ph.D. degrees and spent most of his professional career. Papers are evaluated and the winner is selected based on four criteria: clear statement of objectives; originality of approach; clarity of presentation of data; and impact of results on science. The winning paper selected from Volume 55 of Avian Diseases was entitled: ''Viral Competition and Maternal Immunity Influence the Clinical Disease Caused by Very Virulent Infectious Bursal Disease Virus.'' The author of this paper and the recipient of the 2012 P. P. Levine Award was Dr. Daral Jackwood from The Ohio State University.


DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5915/41-3-5115 Physicians have to explain to patients and their families the rationale for Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) orders. Muslims need to have a living will, ideally while stil healthy and competent. They need to understand that Islamically a DNR order is acceptable under certain circumstances.


Provided is a wheelchair for rough terrain which can run on rough terrain such as a snowy road, without compromising passenger comfort while minimizing the remodeling work of a conventional wheelchair, and can support transportation of an elderly person or a person in assisted living, relief of an aged person having difficulty in walking from disaster, or the like.
Specifically provided is a wheelchair comprising the chair body frame, the right and left front wheels and rear wheels of caster type fixed to the chair body frame, the bearing surface, the back, the right and left elbow rests, and the right and left kick-up steps, wherein the width of rear wheel tire is 3-8 inch, the width of front wheel tire is 2-6 inch, the diameter of front wheel tire is 6-10 inch, and the ratio of radii between the front wheel tire and the rear wheel tire is 1:1-1:4. Since the widths of the front wheel tire and rear wheel tire of the wheelchair are differentiated from the width of tire of existing wheelchairs and the tires are made thick, the wheelchair is prevented from becoming impossible to move because the tires of the front and rear wheels sink in a rough terrain such as sandy area, and can run on rough terrain.


First, we would like to thank the editor of the International Gothic Series, Jerrold E. Hogle, who encouraged the idea of this book from the very beginning. His support and advice have made the journey towards a finished book much less Gothic than it otherwise could have been. Since, on the whole, the conception of the book, as well as the writing of it, has been a pleasurable and intellectually stimulating collaborative venture, the authors/editors are also very grateful to each other, not least for being the Nordic Gothic 'dream team'. Special thanks go to Yvonne for organising a number of workshops for us in Gothenburg; to Johan for treating us to a workshop in a Gothic castle in Växjö; and to Sofia and Maria for taking the main responsibility for contacts with the series editor and Manchester University Press, as well as for getting the manuscript together at the end. We also thank everyone who has offered comments on our papers on Nordic Gothic at different international conferences during the past few years. Maria Holmgren Troy and Sofia Wijkmark are grateful to Magnus Bergvalls Stiftelse for travel grants that supported research trips to the British Library in 2018. They would also like to thank KuFo, the Research Group for Culture Studies at Karlstad University, for financial as well as intellectual support. Troy wishes to acknowledge the former editor of American Studies in Scandinavia for granting permission to reprint excerpts from an article that appeared in that journal in 2016 (48:1). As always, she is also grateful for Mark Troy's support, patience and good cheer. Wijkmark wishes to acknowledge Makadam förlag for granting permission to reprint excerpts from an article published in the Swedish


Abstract : This a brief report on the acquisition and implementation of instrumentation which will be used to make two-dimensional velocimetry measurements in a study of premixed turbulent flames. Two-dimensional velocimetry. (eg)


In this paper the comparison has been made between the diode clamped multilevel inverter, the flying capacitor multilevel inverter, the cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter and the two-level inverter. These comparisons are done with respect to losses, cost to benefit ratio, weight and THD. For these comparisons all of the inverters are simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK. Moreover a goal is to compare three different switching schemes for inverter.


A. M. Heemskerk, G. S. van Bochove, M. R. Drost, G. J. Strijkers, K. Nicolay Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands, Department of Movement Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands Introduction: Ischemic injury of skeletal muscle is frequently encountered in association with trauma, peripheral diseases, compartment syndrome and surgery. Animal models are commonly used to investigate the processes underlying this type of muscle injury. These models include the induction of prolonged ischemia by ligation of the femoral artery, causing muscle tissue to degenerate and regenerate over time (1 to 3 wks). The initial phase (degeneration) of muscle repair is characterized by necrosis of damaged tissue and activation of an inflammatory response, followed by processes leading to new myofiber formation (regeneration). MRI is a powerful tool in muscle disease diagnosis. In general a T2 enhancement is found with either a homogeneous or heterogeneous regional appearance, but the findings are usually not specific for a given disease. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) might offer additional diagnostic value as the technique can be used for characterization of the microscopic geometrical properties of tissue. Recently, the utility of DTI has been shown as a marker for ischemic muscle damage (1). The goal of this study was to evaluate quantitative diffusion MRI for monitoring tissue regeneration following femoral artery ligation in mouse skeletal muscle. Materials and Methods: Animal model: Ischemia was induced by ligation of the femoral artery above the origin of the natural collaterals. Care was taken to leave the femoral vein and nerve untouched. A similar dermal incision was made in the contralateral limb as a sham operation. C57Bl/6 mice were measured directly before ligation (n=5) and directly after (n=15), 3 days after (n=12), 10 days after (n=7) and 21 days (n=4) after ligation. The mice were anesthetized with isoflurane (1.0-1.5% in air). The body temperature was maintained at 38°C and the animal's respiration was continuously monitored. After the MR experiments the mice were perfusion fixed with formaldehyde for histological analysis; directly before ligation (n=1) and directly (~2.5 h) after (n=3), 3 days after (n=4), 10 days after (n=3) and 21 days (n=4) after ligation. MRI: MR was performed at 6.3 Tesla. A diffusion-weighted spin echo sequence with fat suppression was used. The diffusion gradients were applied along 6 noncolinear directions and one reference image was recorded without diffusion weighting. Scan parameters were: FOV=20x20 mm, matrix size=128x64, slice thickness = 1.5 mm, TE=30 ms, NSA=2, TR=1.5 s, ∆=13 ms, δ=8 ms and b-value=0 or 572 s/mm. A multi-echo spin-echo sequence with fat suppression was used to obtain T2 maps, with: 6 echoes, FOV=20x20 mm , matrix size=128x64, slice thickness = 1.5 mm, NSA=2, TE=13.3 – 79.8 ms, TR=4 s. Data analysis: From the DTI datasets the eigenvalues (λ1, λ2 and λ3) and eigenvectors, ADC=Trace(D)/3 and fractional anisotropy (FA) were calculated. The mean effects on parameter values over time were determined from the mean of the modus of frequency distributions per animal. Furthermore, the DTI and T2 data were clustered to visualize the regional changes of the MR indices in a single image. K-means clustering was performed for the slice approximately mid-belly for the tibialis anterior (based on λ3, FA and T2 values). Results and Discussion: The ADC and T2 values changed dynamically over time for the ligated limb and showed regional differences between the MR indices and between time points (Fig 1a and 1b). After three days, the ADC was increased over almost the entire limb. The T2 was primarily enhanced in the outer rim and was less enhanced within the muscles. At 10 days, T2 enhancement was also observed within muscles. Only small spots, central in the muscles with ADC increase were still present. It appeared that within muscles an increase in ADC preceded T2 increase and T2 enhancement progressed from superficial to deep. The non-ligated limb hardly showed any changes. Fig 2 depicts the overall mean changes in ADC and T2 values as determined by histogram frequency analysis. Directly after ligation no difference in ADC was measured, whereas an increased T2 was present. At day 3 both the ADC and T2 were increased. After 10 days most pixels showed a decreased ADC and an enhanced T2. After 21 days most MR indices were normalized. Clustering of the MRI data was used to emphasize the regional differences between the responses of DTI indices and T2 (Fig 1c) and to enable a comparison with histology (Fig 3). Over the different time points the clusters changed in location and in size (Fig 1c), but had similar MR values. The cluster with highest ADC values (red) was surrounded by a cluster with highest T2 values (blue). At 10 days also a cluster with lower ADC, higher FA and normal T2 values was present (orange). The correspondence between a clustered image and the corresponding histological slice is remarkable (compare Fig 3a and 3b), taking the deformations into account. An area with high ADC appears to correspond with an area with large, swollen cells (Fig 3c), whereas an area with high T2 appears to correspond with an area with lots of infiltrates and collagen (Fig 3d). The histological findings are in agreement with the observation that muscle regeneration follows a centripetal gradient (2), which results in the formation of different zones within a regenerating muscle, each zone being in a different phase of degeneration or regeneration. This centripetal gradient is observed also on the DTI-derived maps and the T2 map, and these maps highlighted different spatial areas. The regional difference between DTI and T2 suggests that these indices report on different processes. Conclusion: ADC and T2 dynamically change in response to ischemia-induced muscle injury and regional changes in these indices correspond with histological findings. Therefore, the data strongly suggest that the combination of DTI and T2 enables the differentiation of the degenerative and regenerative phases in tissue regeneration. Also, diffusion MRI can be used to longitudinally study effects of therapeutic interventions that are aimed to reduce muscle degeneration or promote tissue repair.


A method is described which makes possible the detection of imperfections in crystals of elements, compounds and solid solutions by the determination of molecular weights from X-ray and density measurements. Precision determinations of density and lattice constants are necessary for the calculations. It is shown that the elements Ag, Cu, Fe, Pb, Te and the compounds LiF, Pb(NO3)2 and calcite may be considered as having a normal structure, as the number of imperfect sites found does not exceed the possible error of determination of these imperfections. A normal structure is also shown by the tetragonal mixed crystals of the general formula (Zn, Cd, Co) [Hg(CNS)4] and by the α phase in solid solutions of the Ag–Zn system.


PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia is one of the largest government-owned banks in Indonesia. PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia has experienced problems in giving or determining whether the customer is eligible for approval or not in his credit application. Problems that arise will take a long time in making decisions. The factors that form the basis of decision making in determining prospective credit recipients consist of Character (age of applicant), Capacity (NPWP), Capital (income), Collateral (home status) and Condition (number of dependents) are called 5C principles. The analysis is required to work quickly and thoroughly to analyze so many application data in a way that is still manual, so it does not rule out the possibility of human error. To solve these problems, it is necessary to design a support system application for the decision to approve credit cards at PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia using the method Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) .


Basic tear secretion (Schirmer test) and tear stability (fluorescein break-up time (BUT) were determined in 121 healthy subjects and related to age and goblet cell count. None of the eyes thus investigated had any inflammatory or degenerative changes of the lids, conjunctiva or cornea. A low goblet cell count was found in subjects with a short BUT but a short BUT was not uniformly correlated with a certain goblet cell count. There was no clear relation between goblet cell count and BUT or basic tear secretion. Basic tear secretion and BUT decrease continuously after the age of 50 to about half the values obtained in younger individuals. The generally held view that values of below 10 mm (Schirmer test) and below 10 s (BUT) are pathologic cannot be maintained without caution.


Subjects provided their impressions of stimulus faces that systematically varied in attractiveness and babyishness. The results indicate that variations in facial babyishness can qualify the effects of attractiveness on social perception. For example facially attractive people are thought to be more honest, warm, and sincere than average when facial babyishness is high but not when it is low. The data are consistent with the proposal that there are different types of facial attractiveness that yield different impressions. The data also revealed that the effects of facial babyishness on impressions can be modulated by variations in attractiveness. The implications of these data for our under-standing of the effects of facial appearance on social perceptions are discussed.


In the following sections I will give the precise statements and proofs, but first some necessary notation. Let D(a, r) = {z E ¢:lz al 0}. For a, b E ¢ let [a, b] denote the interval {(1 t)a + tb: O < t < 1}. ¢x is the one-point compactification of ¢ (a.k.a. the Riemann sphere). A region is a non-void open, connected subset Q of ¢. We write SQ = Q \ Q, where bar denotes closure in ¢. If Q is unbounded, we write d=Q = {oo} U SQ. Of the myriad equivalent notions of simple connectivity in ¢ we adopt this one: Q simply connected means that C:= \ Q is connected, or what is the same thing, ¢ \ Q has no bounded component.


The effect of temperature on radish growth was examined under controlled conditions. In radishes grown at the higher temperatures of 20-25°C (night-day), dry weight of leaves was increased and that of fleshy organs was reduced. Distribution pattern of dry matter was also affected by higher temperatures; the ratio of leaf weight to total weight became larger at higher temperatures. Hypocotyl elongated during the period of 8 days after germination, being stimulated by the higher temperature. As hypocotyl was longer under such conditions, the thickening of radishes became insufficient. The pronounced effects of the higher temperature on hypocotyl elongation and thickening were observed especially when radishes were subjected to higher temperatures during the early stage of their growth.


Cooling electronic devices to cryogenic temperatures (<77 K) is crucial in various scientific and engineering domains. Efficient cooling involves the removal of heat generated from these devices through thermal contact with either a liquid cryogen or a dry cryostat cold stage. However, as these devices cool, thermal boundary resistance, also known as Kapitza resistance, hinders the heat flow across thermal interfaces, resulting in elevated device temperatures. In transistors, the presence of passivation layers like Silicon Nitride (SiN) introduces additional interfaces that further impede heat dissipation. This paper investigates the impact of passivation layer thickness on Kapitza resistance at the interface between a solid device and liquid nitrogen. The Kapitza resistance is measured using a capacitance thermometer that has been passivated with SiN layers ranging from 0 to 240 nm. We observe that Kapitza resistance increases with increasing passivation thickness.


A common justification for exception to general speech rights is that a class of expressive activity is "harmful." The argument is essentially economic, pointing to the social cost of harmful speech. This paper identifies three countervailing effects which undermine the received view, demonstrating that even if the harmfulness of a speech category were granted arguendo, deterrence of such speech could result in no improvement in social welfare, or even exacerbate the total harm.


Abstract Objective: To determine the feasibility and safety of transtympanic balloon dilatation of the eustachian tube. Methods: Transtympanic eustachian tube dilatation was performed on six cadaver heads using balloon catheters. Catheters were placed in each eustachian tube and the head scanned by computed tomography. Randomised, blinded dilatation of one balloon in each head was performed, followed again by a second computed tomography scan. The scans were reviewed by a neurotologist and neuroradiologist who were blinded to previous treatment, and measurable dilatation and incidental damage noted. Results: There was adequate placement of the balloon catheter beyond the bony isthmus in 6 of 10 eustachian tubes. There was one insufficient catheter placement and three adverse placements (one into the petrous carotid canal and two into the vidian canal). Only one dilated tube showed a measurable increase in diameter. Conclusion: This experiment revealed serious safety issues with transtympanic eustachian tube dilatation. Therefore, this approach should not be considered feasible at this time.


The sense of stretch means that each movement of dance in basic training has "Stretch",that is to say "Limitless Straining",which provides a great Subsidiary effect on the student's health as well as a grace body shape.It can make the body fine,tall and straight.The sense of stretch can not only gain the grace dance movements but also get much help to the expression of feelers when dancing.This sense can improve the beauty of dance,combine the motions of dance with the melody of music,which attract the audience most by the expression of body language with continuous emotion so that it can promote the use of spare and body demonstration when dancing.


We discuss a Lipschitz truncation technique for parabolic double-phase problems of $p$-Laplace type in order to prove energy estimates and uniqueness results for the Dirichlet problem. Moreover, we show existence for a non-homogeneous double-phase problem. The Lipschitz truncation method is based on a Whitney-type covering result and a related partition of unity in the intrinsic geometry for the double-phase problem.


It is well known that emotional stressors may have adverse effects on cognitive-motor performance. The system for evaluation of cognitive-emotional interactions, described in this paper, is based on real-time interplay between a selected cognitive task and selected emotional stressors, and may facilitate insight into an individual's variation of cognitive and emotional parameters and variables. To illustrate the effects of emotional distraction on cognitive-motor performance, specific cognitive-motor test has been designed and combined with aversive highly arousing emotional distractions, including pictures, sounds, acoustic startle impulses and air blasts, while measuring multimodal physiological, vocal, facial, and electroencephalography (EEG) responses. Preliminary twophase experimental paradigm has been conducted: Phase 1 – cognitive-motor performance testing with neutral distractions, and Phase 2 – cognitive-motor performance testing under aversive highly arousing emotional distractions. Aversive emotional distractions delivered in Phase 2 transiently reduced cognitive-motor performance and produced stronger skin conductance changes in comparison to Phase 1 neutral distractions. Keywords-cognitive-emotional interactions; cognitive performance; emotional distractions; cognitive-motor test; multimodal physiological, vocal, facial, and EEG responses.


This paper presents an ultra-low voltage and ultra-low power PVT tolerant digital PLL with a semi-digital low dropout regulator (LDO). A low cost integrated temperature compensation circuit (TCC) is proposed and implemented by combining with a proposed ΑΣ LDO to reduce temperature variation of the digitally-controlled relaxation oscillator (DCRXO). A 50-to-145MHz PLL implemented in 65nm CMOS consumes a 77.3μW from a 0.6V supply at 100MHz output and achieves the phase noise of −94.3dBc/Hz at 1MHz offset frequency and the reference spur below −70dBc at 6.25MHz offset frequency. The output frequency variation of open-loop oscillator with the TCC is less than 5% across temperature variation from −20° C to 90° C.


The core of Locke's moral philsophy is about joy and pain、good and evil.Of course,in Locke's opinion,joy is happiness.So compared with the real outlook of happiness,Locke's have three priorities: the diffusibe from inside to outside、the gradation from small to large、the gradient from shallow to deep.Therefore,it reveals the essence of the life.So it is understanding Locke's outlook of happiness that make us to live calmly.


Obfuscation is a technology that secures software from unauthorized analysis and modification by making the cost of reverse engineering prohibitively high. Whereas there exist standard measurements for source-code and machine-code obfuscators, there is no standard approach to evaluate the quality of platform-independent obfuscator. This paper aims at cognitive evaluation of intermediate level obfuscator in terms of potency, resilience and cost. The described techniques are universal, and can be used apart from the presented obfuscator tool.


Interpreting Embodied Mathematics using Network Theory: Implications for Mathematics Education is a thought provoking paper, full of ideas which demand further discussion. These discussions should take place in several different contexts. In my reflection I will focus on the notion of Complexity. What is it and how does it help us to engage with the world? Does the acknowledgement that things are complex solve our problems? In this respect the paper makes a number of claims which will be looked at, starting with the more general, moving to the more specific. most general claim made the of embedded various layers of complexity, insights from network theory can help us to understand better and thus to perform the task of teaching mathematics more This is an important point, one which there can be little This insight is, of course, a valuable one for all forms of not just for questions up the discussion.


Recently there has been a growing scholarly interest in young researchers' challenges and struggles in academia, as well as in mentoring and career support and development issues. Based on 56 semi-structured interviews conducted with young scholars in the social sciences and humanities in 14 European countries, this paper provides recommendations for early career investigator support. The set of recommendations includes advice for early career investigators themselves, for supervisors, for decision makers at higher education institutions and research institutes, for policy makers and funders, and for peer reviewers. The major themes and trends identified across the interviews show that both individuals and institutions can play a major role in junior researchers' career-building and development.


Purpose -  The purpose of this study was to determine the self-esteem of people with HIV/AIDS in terms of the reality counseling approach.

Method - The method used in this paper is a literature study.

Result - The results of this study indicated that the reality counseling approach with the wants, needs, and perceptions, direction and doing, self-evaluation, and planning (WDEP) technique could help their circumstances and situations assess more realistically, help reduce the burden on thoughts, help find meaning in their lives, help have a life expectancy, and maintain or increase the self-esteem of people with HIV/AIDS.

Implications - The results of this study expected to provide benefits in scientific guidance and counseling considering that in terms of applicability, the reality approach can be used for various problems in counseling practice.

Originality - In this paper, a reality counseling approach can be one way as a form of mental support. People with HIV/AIDS needs the help of others in going through its downtime in achieving the self-esteem that ultimately reaches the meaning of his life.


In this paper, we propose a hierarchical fuzzy-rough classification method based on statistical information for maximizing the performance of pattern classification and reducing the number of rules without learning approaches such as neural network, genetic algorithm. In the proposed method, statistical information is used for extracting the partition intervals of antecedent fuzzy sets at each layer on hierarchical fuzzy-rough classification systems and rough sets are used for minimizing the number of fuzzy if-then rules which are associated with the partition intervals extracted by statistical information. To show the effectiveness of the proposed method, we compared the classification results(e.g. the classification accuracy and the number of rules) of the proposed with those of the conventional methods on the Fisher`s IRIS data. From the experimental results, we can confirm the fact that the proposed method considers only statistical information of the given data is similar to the classification performance of the conventional methods.


Various mixed-metal tetranuclear clusters have been prepared by the combination of a carbonylmetalate with a closed metal carbonyl trimer. The cluster included Fe, Ru, Os, and Co in various combinations. Since transition-metal cluster compounds are currently being examined as catalysts for a variety of reactions involving CO, the reactions of mixed-metal clusters with CO were examined. It was found that most of the clusters studied fragmented in the presence of CO under mild conditions. Results of kinetic studies of the reactions are presented. The cluster compounds were found to react with tertiary phosphines and phosphites to yield mono- and di-substituted clusters. Isomeric products were also found to result from the reaction of the cluster compounds with internal alkynes with hydrogen evolved during the reaction. Results of studies of the molecular dynamics of the series of clusters H/sub 2/FeRu/sub 3/(CO)/sub 13/, H/sub 2/FeRu/sub 2/Os(CO)/sub 13/ and H/sub 2/FeRuOs/sub 2/(CO)/sub 13/ in which Ru is progressively replaced by Os are reported, and several different fluxional processes were observed. The /sup 13/C NMR spectra of these carbonyls are reported. (BLM)


Abstract This article focuses on Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) and English as a Second Language (ESL) texts, that is texts produced in interactions between native and non‐native speakers of English. Such texts are hybrid in that they comprise a blending of 'standard' and 'non‐standard'1 English forms. In these times of globalised English and the increasing prevalence of non‐native speaker models of English, research is increasingly likely to encounter ESL texts. The issue for the critical analysis of such 'new' texts is that CDA generally utilises 'standard' linguistic models for its analytical apparatus. Fairclough (2003), arguably the most widely‐recognised proponent of CDA, bases his analytical framework on Standard English. The question is whether and if so how CDA can accommodate hybrid texts, specifically those with a blend of linguistically 'standard' and 'non‐standard' forms of English. In this discussion, I consider the application of Fairclough's model of CDA to the analysis of an interview with a Thai ESL student beginning postgraduate studies in Australia. I argue that the analysis is made more effective by drawing on principles from Second Language Acquisition (SLA) research, in particular communication strategies.


In a recent paper, Schutz proposed an analytical approximation for simplifying treatment of polarization angle and conveniently evaluating relative detection rates of compact binary inspirals for various networks of ground-based interferometers. We derived relative event rates by strictly handling polarization angle and quantitatively examine validity of Schutz's approximation. The associated error of the approximation is rigorously shown to be less than 1.02\%, irrespective of details of the detector networks.


Light dark matter (DM) with a large DM-nucleon spin-independent scattering cross section and moreover proper isospin violation (ISV) fn/fp ≈ −0.7 may provide a way to understand the confusing DM direct detection results. Further using the stringent astrophysical and collider constraints, we systematically investigate the origin of ISV first via general operator analyses and further via specifying three types of mediators: a light Z′ from chiral U(1)X, an approximate spectator Higgs doublet (It can explain the W+jj anomaly simultaneously) and color triplets. In addition, although Z′ from an exotic U(1)X mixing with U(1)Y generates only fn = 0, we can combine it with the conventional Higgs to achieve the proper ISV. As a concrete example, we propose the U(1)X model where the U(1)X charged light sneutrino is an inelastic DM, which dominantly annihilates to light dark states such as Z′ with sub-GeV mass. The model can consistently (with other DM direct detection results) and safely interpret the recent GoGeNT annual modulation result.


The integration of some form of online learning in higher education and its adoption in distance and continuing education has increased exponentially in the last decade. This growth has been consistent in different parts of the world, although its implementation in mainstream educational systems varies according to the economic development of the region. But what is 'online learning' and why is it used as a synonym of distance education? This article presents a review that goes through the last 10 years of literature on online learning. It presents the definitions by different authors, and describes its evolution, characteristics, benefits, and use and implementation in education and training. The review concludes with a summary of the development of online learning in Latin America


The organization is a social institution with objective and system that due to a series of structure of conscious done specific activities . This study is descriptive-analytical and based on objective is applied. The statistical population of this research is 151 sale forces in industrial cities companies of Ardabil (Iran) and 108 sale forces as the sample size were selected. Sample method is Simple random. Questionnaire was used to collect data. Content method was used to determine the validity of questionnaires and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used for reliability that was obtained greater than 70%, thus questionnaire is reliable. In this research, for statistical data analysis was used descriptive statistics and inferential statistical methods. The result of research show that performance of outcome and behavioral have impact on performance qualities of sale forces in industrial cities companies of Ardabil.


Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is relatively new type of concrete which offers several economic and technical benefits; the use of fibres extends its possibilities when combined with FRC. In this article, two different types of fibres i.e., steel fibre(SF) and polypropylene fibre(PPF) were used in different combinations of 25-75%, 50-50%, 75-25% and by volume at a total fibre volume fraction of 0.5%. The effects of fibre inclusion on the workability and compressive strength parameters of hybrid fibre reinforced self compacting concrete (HyFRSCC) were studied. To check the effect of hybrid fibre on workability parameters, filling ability and passing ability of concrete was evaluated by J-ring, slump flow, V-funnel and L-box test. With the addition of 0.5% of fibre content by volume, maximum compressive strength of HyFRSCC was increased by 11.04%. Keywords-Concrete, Workability, Self compacting concrete, Hybrid Fibre reinforcement.


The Toyota Central Research Laboratories have recently developed a number of simulation based methods to understand and predict the behavior of a manufacturing system. The novel idea of these methods is a holistic view of the manufacturing system, i.e. understanding the system by analyzing the relations between the machines instead of analyzing machines independently. This paper provides a framework of the holistic manufacturing analysis and a summary of the developed methods. ATOMISTIC VS. HOLISTIC ANALYSIS The understanding and optimization of manufacturing systems is a frequently researched subject in discrete event simulation. Yet, most methods analyze the system in an atomistic view, and study each machine separately. However, if the correlated manufacturing system is broken into its independent machines before analysis, it is difficult to later combine the analysis of the machines into a understanding of the entire system. The holistic methods, however, analyze not only independent machines, but the interaction between machines. The Merriam-Webster online dictionary defines holistic and atomistic as follows: holistic: relating to or concerned with wholes or with complete systems rather than with the analysis of, treatment of, or dissection into parts atomistic: characterized by or resulting from division into unconnected or antagonistic fragments


According to the World Health Organization, in 2018, traffic crashes killed over 1.35 million people (WHO, 2018). While some nations have seen declining trends in traffic fatalities post-COVID-19, for many nations, especially the United States, traffic fatalities continue to grow at an alarming rate. This rise is especially problematic for the most vulnerable, as pedestrians and bicyclists continue to be killed at disproportionate rates in many countries (ITF, 2022). Thus, for much of the world, a new traffic safety management paradigm is needed. An examination of traffic fatality trends (ITF, 2022) reveals that many of the nations that have exhibited downward trends in traffic safety are those that have adopted the Safe System Approach. The Safe System Approach is a human-centered paradigm of traffic safety that rejects traffic fatalities and injuries as systemic failures and seeks to proactively leverage overlapping protections from the roadway environment, technology, enforcement efforts, and cultural elements to keep road users safe. Despite its relative novelty in traffic safety management practice in the United States (U.S. DOT, 2022) and some other countries, research indicates that those nations that have long abided by Safe System principles (e.g., Sweden, Norway, New Zealand, and more) are those with much safer roadways (Dumbaugh et al., 2019). However, implementing a Safe System Approach and truly producing a transportation system in which no persons will suffer death or injury requires cultural shifts and careful recognition of the unique policy environments in which traffic safety stakeholders must operate. This Frontiers in Future Transportation Research Topic, Vision Zero: The safe system approach and traffic safety culture collects a variety of articles spanning research into culture and practice and presenting case studies on aligning local goals with Vision Zero. The collected works provide a unique lens into making major shifts in how transportation safety practice and the steps needed to produce this readiness. OPEN ACCESS


This study included investigations into the canthin-6-one series. ..gamma..-oxo-3((methoxycarbonyl)methyl)-1H-indole-1-butanonic acid (1a) was treated with oxalyl chloride to give the acid chloride (lb) R/sub 1/ = CO/sub 2/CH/sub 3/; R/sub 2/ = Cl. Similar reaction of (1a) with refluxing thionyl chloride followed by methanol treatment did not give the expected methyl ester (1c) but instead gave orange fibrous needles of (2a) in 20% yield. The corresponding reaction of ..gamma..-oxo-3-methyl-1H-indole-1-butanoic acid (1d) with thionyl chloride followed by quenchings with methanol or neopentyl alcohol led respectively to (2b) R/sub 1/ = H; R/sub 3/ = CH/sub 3/ and 2c (R/sub 1/ = H; R/sub 3/ = CH/sub 2/C(CH/sub 3/)/sub 3/. The structural proof of (2) rests on its /sup 1/H and /sup 13/CNMR data along with comparison to (3) whose synthesis and structural elucidation by x-ray and /sup 13/C NMR spectroscopy have been reported. Proton-carbon coupling constants were determined by using the gated-decoupling technique. Analytical calculations were found for C/sub 15/H/sub 15/NO/sub 5/; C/sub 13/H/sub 13/NO/sub 3/; C/sub 16/H/sub 13/NO/sub 5/S; C/sub 14/H/sub 11/NO/sub 3/S; and C/sub 18/H/sub 19/NO/sub 3/S. 1 table. (DP)


Abstract In pressurized water reactors (PWRs), the spacer grids of the fuel assembly has significant impact on the thermal-hydraulic performance of the fuel assembly. Particularly, the spacer grids with the mixing vanes can dramatically enhance the secondary flow and have significant effect on the void distribution in the fuel assembly. In this paper, the CFD study has been carried out to analyze the effects of the spacer grid with the steel contacts, dimples and mixing vanes on the boiling two-phase flow characteristics, such as the two-phase flow field, the void distribution, and so on. Considered the influence of the boiling phase change on two-phase flow, a boiling model was proposed and applied in the CFD simulation by using the UDF (User Defined Function) method. Furthermore, in order to analyze the effects of the spacer grid with mixing vanes, the adiabatic (without boiling) two-phase flow has also been investigated as comparison with the boiling two-phase flow in the fuel assembly with spacer grids. The CFD simulation on two-phase flow in the fuel assembly with the proposed boiling model can predict the characteristics of two-phase flow better.


We review experimental and theoretical work on current-driven switching of magnetisation and present quantitative results for the Co/Cu/Co (001) system.


In this paper, we will investigate the optical properties of Fibonacci-class quasi-periodic multilayer stacks with inhomogeneous index of refraction profile. In this work, the exact solution for inhomogeneous media and the transfer matrix method for the evaluation of quasi-periodic multilayer stacks are examined. Also, the inhomogeneous index of refraction effects on optical filtering properties of Fibonacci-class quasi-periodic multilayer is considered. We show that using a suitable inhomogeneous index of the refraction profile we can obtain a narrow-band and broad-band optical filter, which is a very hard problem in the homogeneous multilayer structures. In this work, we present a semi-exact approach for an optical filter characteristic interpretation.


The discrete-state continuous-time processes occurring in binding and release of analytes in affinity-based biosensors are formulated using stochastic differential equations (SDEs). The Fokker Planck (FP) equation is used to solve for the governing probability density function (pdf) of the number of captured analytes. A derivation method from the Markovian Master equation to the Fokker Planck equation is also given, which provides an alternative approach to the conventionally used Monte Carlo simulation methods, which has advantages in systems where the state space is large. Using FP equation, the time evolution of pdfs of the captured analytes in typical biosensor settings can be analyzed and subsequently be used to compute the expected behaviour and uncertainty of the detection and also be implemented in the design of optimal estimators.


Although a great deal of research is currently underway to develop advanced technologies for space telerobots, less attention has traditionally been paid to understanding the potential roles of robotics in future space endeavors. For the past decade, the Space Systems Laboratory has focused on the development of integrated telerobot systems, and evaluated them for their impact in space operations. This paper starts with a review of space simulation options for ground-based research, and summarizes the decision path that led to the extensive use of neutral buoyancy simulation by the SSL. It then presents an overview of the current and near-term operational telerobotic systems of the SSL, which includes one vehicle designed for the assembly of space structures, four free-flying mobility devices, a modular positioning manipulator, and an advanced satellite servicing system with 32 major degrees of freedom. Experimental results from each of these vehicles are summarized, both as independent systems and in cooperative tests with each other and with humans in extravehicular operations. Finally, future plans for the laboratory will be discussed, including the preparation of a telerobotic space flight experiment to correlate the neutral buoyancy test results. Background


A study of a two-dimensional state-space balance (2D SSB) method for estimating direction of arrival (DOA) for uniform rectangular array (URA) is presented in this letter. The comprehensive utilization of controllability and observability matrices and automatic pairing technique are considered in this method by using the single snapshot. Therefore, the DOAs of elevation angle and azimuth angle can pair automatically and acquire better estimation performance compared with 2D matrix pencil method or unitary matrix pencil method. In addition, the proposed method can handle correlated signals directly without preprocessing. Simulation is conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.


The present thesis is concerned with the question which domain minimizes the buckling load of a clamped plate among all domains of given measure. We consider a large ball and restrict ourselves to look for a domain minimizing the buckling load among all open subsets of this ball, which fulfil the mass constraint. The corresponding variational problem is a minimizing problem in a suitable function space. The mass constraint is formulated as a side condition. Instead of treating this problem, we follow an idea of H. W. Alt, L. A. Caffarelli and A. Friedman and introduce a penalization term. In this way, we disregard the mass constraint as a side condition and obtain a penalized variational problem without any constraints. Consequently, we may allow non-volume preserving perturbations. Applying direct methods, we prove the existence of a solution for the penalized problem. These solutions solve the buckled plate equation in their supports' interior. Using a technique of C.B. Morrey, we show that the first order derivatives of each minimizer are Holder continuous. Subsequently, we establish a bound on the Laplacian of every minimizer and combine ideas of J. Frehse, L.A. Caffarelli and A. Friedman to extend this bound on each second order derivative of a minimizer. In this way, we obtain the Lipschitz continuity of the first order derivatives of each minimizer. Moreover, we find that the bound on the second order derivatives of a minimizer is uniform close to the free boundary. Consequently, we show that the penalized problem and the original problem can be treated as equivalent, provided the penalization parameter is chosen smaller than a critical value. Hence, we obtain a solution for the original problem. For each solution, the interior of the solution's support generates an optimal domain for minimizing the buckling eigenvalue among all subsets of the embracing ball, which fulfil the volume condition. The solutions themselves are first buckling eigenfunctions. Assuming that a doubling property is satisfied, we show that the solutions do not degenerate along the free boundary. This nondegeneracy property implies a lower bound on the density of the free boundary. As a consequence of this density bound, we obtain that an optimal domain's boundary is a nullset with respect to the n-dimensional Lebesgue measure and prove qualitative properties of an optimal shape.


The target of this study is find an optimum number of ducted fans to install along the wing to make this configuration suitable for the aircraft and analyse the performance of the fan and its components, to dimension the system and find the power required for this configuration.


In order to establish emergency communication networks for fire fighting in underground constructions, new Mesh network technology and its characteristics are introduced, also put forward the technical and tactical indicators of Air Mesh400 internet radio stations, simulated battle shows that the Mesh network solve communication QoS and guarantee stabile performance, meeting the needs of the fire brigade combat command, and improve the level of fire fighting and rescue forces.


Simple Summary Cancer cells release exosomes to their surrounding cells, and it is believed that trace amounts of proteins included in exosomes promote cancer stemness. In the present study, we note 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78), which is involved in cancer progression, and present the protocol for measurements of trace amounts of GRP78 in exosomes released from cultured gastric cancer cells using an ultrasensitive ELISA with thio-NAD cycling. We found that when high-GRP78-containing exosomes were incubated with cultured cancer cells, these cells increased their stemness, for example, an increase in indices of both an MTT assay and a wound healing assay. The technique for quantifying proteins in exosomes described here will advance our understanding of cancer stemness progression via exosomes. Abstract Cancer cells communicate with each other via exosomes in the tumor microenvironment. However, measuring trace amounts of proteins in exosomes is difficult, and thus the cancer stemness-promoting mechanisms of exosomal proteins have not been elucidated. In the present study, we attempted to quantify trace amounts of 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78), which is involved in cancer progression, in exosomes released from cultured gastric cancer cells using an ultrasensitive ELISA combined with thio-NAD cycling. We also evaluated the cancer stemness-promoting effects by the application of high-GRP78-containing exosomes to cultured gastric cancer cells. The ultrasensitive ELISA enabled the detection of GRP78 at a limit of detection of 0.16 pg/mL. The stemness of cancer cultured cells incubated with high-GRP78-containing exosomes obtained from GRP78-overexpressed cells was increased on the basis of both an MTT assay and a wound healing assay. Our results demonstrated that the ultrasensitive ELISA has strong potential to measure trace amounts of proteins in exosomes. Further, exosomes with a high concentration of GRP78 promote the cancer stemness of surrounding cells. The technique for quantifying proteins in exosomes described here will advance our understanding of cancer stemness progression via exosomes.


Abstract : A study was conducted to monitor the downward movement of Tetryl (N-methyl-N,2,4,6-tetranitroaniline), RDX (Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine), and TNT (2,4,6-trinitrotoluene) and their transformation products through intact soil columns. Periodic soil water samples were taken by applying vacuum to ceramic cup sampling tubes installed at depths of 6, 18, 30 and 60 inches (15, 46, 76, and 152 cm). Periodic soil samples were taken at selected intervals in the soil profiles with an Oakfield sampler. The water and soil samples were analyzed for the munition compounds and their known transformation products. These studies were continued for a period of 6 months. Results showed very little detectable movement of the munition compounds or their known transformation products in this time frame. These compounds were detectable by HPLC as low as 50 ppb, but the areas under the curves of the graphs were too small to be reliably measured below 200 ppb. Separate studies indicated that this may be the combined result of soil fixation and limited water solubilities of the munition compounds.


We propose and discuss a novel strategy for protein design. The method is based on recent theoretical advancements which showed the importance to treat carefully the conformational free energy of designed sequences. In this work we show how computational cost can be kept to a minimum by encompassing negative design features, i.e., isolating a small number of structures that compete significantly with the target one for being occupied at low temperature. The method is successfully tested on minimalist protein models and using a variety of amino acid interaction potentials.


Objective To explore the changes of soluble interleukin-2 receptor(sIL-2R), C-reactive protein(CRP), interleukin-6(IL-6), interleukin-8(IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) in acute phase of Kawasaki disease(KD) in children. Methods CRP was measured by scatter turbidimetry, and cytokines level were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results The pretreatment serum levels of sIL-2R, CRP and IL-6 were significantly higher in patients with KD than healthy controls (P0.01,P0.01,P0.05); while the posttreatment serum levels were significantly lower than the pretreatment levels(P0.05).There was no significant difference in IL-8 and TNF-α between KD patients and healthy controls (P0.05). Conclusion sIL-2R,CRP and IL-6 are involved in the pathogenesis of KD. Aspirin and intravenous gamma globulin therapy will reduce the serum levels of sIL-2R, CRP and IL-6 in KD children. The results accordingly buttress their use in these patients.


Software risk management is particularly important when the target environment of the software is a safety-critical system. Adequate development standards and methods for building software functionally that is "close to correct" exist. But unfortunately, we often fail to imagine particular classes of system hazards that the software's behavior could induce, because quite simply, we cannot foresee everything that could go wrong from the outset of a new project. And therefore we will fail to build in the needed software protection mechanisms against these hazards. This paper presents a software risk management technology that partially addresses this problem. Our technology is based on software fault injection's unique ability to warn about software-induced hazards that were inadvertently overlooked during the creation of the software requirements and system-level hazard analysis. Software-induced hazards occur as a result of software behaviors that are unknown.


OBJECTIVE
The aim: To determine the anxiety disorders in children suffering from organic diseases and functional disorders of the respiratory tract in the clinical settings of the pulmonology department, as well as to assess their impact on disease course and quality of life.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
Materials and methods: 131 pediatric patients aged 6-17 years old have been studied. The patients were divided into three groups: the children with somatoform respiratory disorders (SRD) - 33,6 % (n = 44), those with bronchial asthma (BA) - 34,3 % (n = 45) and those with pneumonia - 32,1 % (n = 42). Spielberger-Khanin test questionnaire was used to study anxiety, and Nijmegen questionnaire was used to diagnose hyperventilation syndrome (HVS). Pediatric Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire (PQ-LES-Q) was used to determine the quality of life.

RESULTS
Results: Severe trait anxiety was observed more often in the subgroup of children with SRD (65,9 %) than in those with asthma (40,0 %) and pneumonia (21,5 %). HVS occurred in 19.1% of patients. Direct moderate correlations were found between Spielberger scale (trait anxiety, r = 0,426; p<0,0001), (state anxiety, r = 0,393; p<0,0001) and Nijmegen HVS questionnaire, as well as inverse moderate correlations between Spielberger scale (state anxiety, r = -0,321; p<0.0001), (trait anxiety, r = -0.429; p<0,0001) and Pediatric Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire (PQ-LES-Q).

CONCLUSION
Conclusions: Severe trait and state anxiety was found in 42,8 % and 19,1 % of children, respectively. Severe state and trait anxiety was observed more often in patients with SRD (65,9 % and 27,3 %, respectively), being twice as common in girls as in boys (57,6 % versus 32,1 % for trait anxiety and 24,8 % versus 12,6 % for state anxiety, respectively). Anxiety disorders are supposed to be the basis for HVS development and the cause of low satisfaction with the quality of life in patients with pulmonary diseases.


The Data Explorations in Ecology Project was a professional development and research project designed to address data literacy issues in secondary science classrooms. Curricular modules focusing on locally relevant environmental issues were developed and implemented to support students in gaining proficiency with a variety of data exploration practices. The research focused on highlighting students' knowledge, skills, and attitudes toward these practices. The findings indicate that students across grade levels are able to demonstrate proficiency with some data exploration practices but have difficulty applying these skills to the creation and evaluation of data-driven arguments about the environment. The findings also indicate that despite the difficulties secondary students have with some data exploration practices, some still enjoy and appreciate the usefulness of working with data. This study introduces a conceptual framework that illustrates some of the data exploration activities that occur at different phases of inquiry and critique processes.


In order to find out the effect of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1 on mineral density,this paper studies the value of boned mineral density,serum growth hormone, insulin-like growth factoc-1, testosterone and estrogen of top elite weightlifters. The result shows that the calcanean boned mineral density of weightlifters is related to their physical activity. Serum growth hormone can significant influence the calcanean boned mineral density. It suggests that serum growth hormone and calcanean boned mineral density can reflect the condition of weightlifter's physical conditioning.


This paper reports on progress to date in relation to a long term research project underway at Curtin University of Technology. The project aims to devise tools that interactively support the cognitive learning processes of today's knowledge workers as exemplified by researchers, managers and students. The empowering tools alluded to here are not simply intended to manage, calculate, search, order and arrange search results as is often the case with current search systems. Instead, the project is concerned with applying semantic analysis techniques, specifically the normalised word vector (NWV) technology developed at Curtin to the construction of a range of 'intelligent' online cognitive support tools. The goal is to devise a system that enhances learners' cognitive functioning by augmenting the human intellect to achieve greater capacity to conceptualise and ultimately, construct new knowledge.


Some fundamental aspects of the structure and dynamics of vortices in the high-temperature superconductors are discussed. New methods for calculating the static and dynamic magnetic field profiles in thin samples in time-varying perpendicular applied magnetic fields are described.


The present invention discloses a method and apparatus for controlling the mine Intelligent multi-feed machines, the method first sets the relevant intelligent control parameters; and automation system communication concentrator, the data acquisition process and to feed the corresponding control value to the automated system; real-time parameter with a preset rule determined down port to be switched to another feeder spout; determining if need down the mouth, based on the selected weighting function to select a new target material, as defined It is Bn, and start and stop with the discharge port switching frequency of the target process setting control; the feeder ore output frequency setting value according to real-time adjustment. The control method and device can be realized on the mineral ore to the mill stream continuous smooth transfer belt, the mill ensure efficient and stable operation.


Objective To know the short-term effect of PBL in the course of preventive medicine.Methods PBL was used to the experimental classes which selected by RCT in one of bilingual class from clinical medicine students of grade 2008,LBL was used in controls.At the end of the course,a selfdesigned questionnaire and a traditional examination were used to investigate the short-term effects.Results 93.3% students of the experimental group thought PBL should be carried out though with some difficulties.93.3% ~ 100.0% students thought PBL had a great advantage in promoting the interest of learning and abilities of scientific research,self-learning,self-expression,knowledge application and competitive consciousness.PBL also had a great role in promoting the abilities such as collecting(96.7% )and sorting data (93.3%),understanding and mastering of knowledge (93.3% ),organization (93.3%)and team-work(83.3% ) etc.But there were 76.7% students complained PBL took more time than LBL,and 60.0% students thought that PBL was inferior to LBL in systematically learning knowledge,90.0% students thought that the preventive medicine should be adopted in the teaching model of combining with PBL and LBL The average scores on the final exam of PBL group were 26.93±2.29 and the control group were 26.78±2.76 ( t =-0.23 1,P =0.820 ).Conclusios The teaching model of PBL could improve many comprehensive qualities of students but had no short-term effect on scores of traditional examination,and the preventive medicine should be adopted in the teaching model of combining with PBL and LBL.

Key words:
Preventive medicine; problem-based learning; Lecture-based learning; Teaching model; Teaching effect


Dieldrin-resistant strains of the yellow-fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti (L.), contained 20–50% more larval fat than their susceptible counterparts. The total lipid contents of various substrains of a given strain were closely correlated with their LC50 levels. The increase in fat involved both the neutral lipids and phospholipids. Since similar differences were observed between larvae within a given strain, it is considered unlikely that the mere increase in lipid content is the resistance mechanism.


Simple Summary Colon cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world, and the therapeutic workflow is dependent on the TNM staging system and the presence of clinical risk factors. However, in the case of patients with non-metastatic disease, evaluating the benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy is a clinical challenge. Radiomics could be seen as a non-invasive novel imaging biomarker able to outline tumor phenotype and to predict patient prognosis by analyzing preoperative medical images. Radiomics might provide decisional support for oncologists with the goal to reduce the number of arbitrary decisions in the emerging era of personalized medicine. To date, much evidence highlights the strengths of radiomics in cancer workup, but several aspects limit the use of radiomics methods as routine. Abstract The study was aimed to develop a radiomic model able to identify high-risk colon cancer by analyzing pre-operative CT scans. The study population comprised 148 patients: 108 with non-metastatic colon cancer were retrospectively enrolled from January 2015 to June 2020, and 40 patients were used as the external validation cohort. The population was divided into two groups—High-risk and No-risk—following the presence of at least one high-risk clinical factor. All patients had baseline CT scans, and 3D cancer segmentation was performed on the portal phase by two expert radiologists using open-source software (3DSlicer v4.10.2). Among the 107 radiomic features extracted, stable features were selected to evaluate the inter-class correlation (ICC) (cut-off ICC > 0.8). Stable features were compared between the two groups (T-test or Mann–Whitney), and the significant features were selected for univariate and multivariate logistic regression to build a predictive radiomic model. The radiomic model was then validated with an external cohort. In total, 58/108 were classified as High-risk and 50/108 as No-risk. A total of 35 radiomic features were stable (0.81 ≤ ICC <  0.92). Among these, 28 features were significantly different between the two groups (p < 0.05), and only 9 features were selected to build the radiomic model. The radiomic model yielded an AUC of 0.73 in the internal cohort and 0.75 in the external cohort. In conclusion, the radiomic model could be seen as a performant, non-invasive imaging tool to properly stratify colon cancers with high-risk disease.


Objective
To analyze the clinical effect of thoracic and laparoscopic combined surgery in the treatment of thoracic esophageal carcinoma.

Methods
368 cases of radical resection of thoracic esophageal cancer in Shanxi Tumor Hospital from May 2012 to August 2016 were selected. Among them, 140 cases were treated with combined thoracic and laparoscopic surgeries (observation group A), 143 cases were treated with left posterior lateral thoracic one incision surgeries (control group A) , 85 cases were treated with right posterior lateral thoracic and upper abdominal midline two incisions surgeries(control group B) . The observation group B were 82 cases treated with radical resection of thoracic middle segment in the observation group A. The differences of clinical indexes and the rate of postoperative complications were compared.

Results
The observation group A and B are less than the control group A and B on the operation time, thoracic drainage, chest tube indwelling time, postoperative hospitalization time (P 0.05). The observation group A is more than the control group A on the amount of left recurrent laryngeal nerve lymph node dissection (P 0.05); the observation group B is better than the control group B on the amount of right recurrent laryngeal nerve lymph node dissection and cleaning rate (P 0.05); the overall complication rate of the observation group A is less than the control group A (P 0.05).

Conclusions
The combination of thoracic and laparoscopic surgery is better than two kinds of open surgeries, which is worthy of clinical promotion.

Key words:
Esophageal carcinoma; Thoracoscopic; Laparoscopic; Thoracic surgery operation


Wireless sensor networks are now a credible means for crop data collection. The installation of a fixed communication structure to relay the monitored data from the cluster head to its final destination can either be impractical because of land topology or prohibitive due to high initial cost. A plausible solution is to use Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) as an alternative means for both data collection and limited supervisory control of sensors status. In this paper, we consider the case of disjoint farming parcels each including clusters of sensors, organized in a predetermined way according to farming objectives. This research focuses to drive an optimal solution for UAV search and data gathering from all sensors installed in a crop field. Furthermore, the sensor routing protocol will take into account a tradeoff between energy management and data dissemination overhead. The proposed system is evaluated by using a simulated model and it should find out a class among all under consideration.


This paper evaluates a short school-based intervention run by Australian Red Cross, designed to reduce children's prejudice towards asylum seekers. A total of 121 children aged between 10 to 12 in four schools in Perth, Western Australia, completed questionnaires at Time 1 (pre-intervention), Time 2 (immediately after the intervention), and Time 3 (8-9 months after the intervention).  The intervention used a mixture of approaches: providing information, encouraging empathy, making positive social norms more explicit, and fostering imagined contact with asylum seekers. The intervention content was also reinforced by teachers throughout the school year. The study found that the intervention was effective in increasing the children's positivity towards asylum seekers, reducing prejudiced attitudes, and increasing intentions to interact with asylum seekers. It also found that the intervention increased the children's accuracy in defining 'asylum seeker' and 'refugee'. These results occurred both in the short-and long-term, although there was some regression over time.


The slurry electrolysis process of complex antimony lead concentrate in HCl NH 4Cl medium is thermodynamically analyzed. In HCl NH 4Cl system, the values and the order of electro potential of sulfide minerals are varied compared to the standard ones, the selective slurry electrolysis of the refractory Sb Pb concentrate is favored by this variation. In the condition of HCl 0.5~1mol/L, NH 4Cl 150~200g/L and 60℃, the solubility of antimony is above 100g/L, but only about 2g/L for lead, there is no contamination of lead to the cathode antimony, therefore the direct separation of antimony and lead can be accomplished by slurry electrolysis process in this condition.


The Giant Magellan Telescope will be a 25.4-m visible and infrared telescope at Las Campanas Observatory. The optical design consists of 7 8.4-m primary mirror segments that reflect light to 7 secondary mirror segments in a doubly segmented direct Gregorian configuration. GMT is developing a Telescope Metrology System (TMS) to decrease the complexity of alignment and increase observatory efficiency. The TMS has been developed to Preliminary Design Review level. A prototyping, modelling, and analysis effort has been completed. All components of the system were matured, and the edge-sensing strategy was significantly revised. This paper describes the current TMS design.


ABSTRACT. The National Policy of Youth demonstrates the recognition of the government about the necessity of specific social politics addressed to this segment. Among several policies for youth, this research seeks to reveal the Program Projovem Campo, at the area of education, to promote the conclusion of elementary school for those between 18 and 29 years old that should had conclude such degree. To elucidate the importance of this policy, it was conducted a study case at Centro de Ensino Fundamental Pipiripau II, in the rural area of Planaltina/DF, and interviews with managers, coordinators, teachers and students of the Program of this unity. The results of the fieldwork indicated difficulties on the implementation and execution of the program. Among the main difficulties are highlighted the non-compliance of established actions at the design of the policy, such as the meal provided, the bus routes and the impairment of the transportation of kids, the lack of specific space and materials for the hosting room for children, besides the non-payment of stipend for the students.
Keywords: Youth, Rural Education, Program Projovem Campo.


Objective To observe the therapeutic effects of exercise combined with tiotropium bromide and salmeterol/fluticasone inhaling on stable chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD).Methods Sixty COPD patients with pulmonary function Ⅲ-Ⅳ grade were randomly allocated into experiment group and control group (30 cases in each group).The patients in experiment group were treated with inhaled tiotropium bromide and salmeterol/fluticasone combined with excise,while the patients in control group were treated only with inhaled tiotropium bromide and salmeterol/ fluticasone.Respiratory training with shrinkage lip respiration and steps training was given to the patients in experiment group for 8 weeks.Main outcome measures included forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1),FEV1,in the anticipation value (FEV1%),FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC),Medical Research Council (MRC) score,activities of daily living (ADL) score and 6-minute walking distance (6MWD).Results MRC score in control group and experiment group was both lower than that of pre-treatment (P < 0.01).ADL score,6MWD and pulmonary functional parameters in both groups were improved than those of pre-treatment (P< 0.01).FEV1,FEV1%,FEV1/FVC,MRC score,ADL score and 6MWD were (1.41 ±0.25) L,(53.76 ±11.17)%,(62.12 ±10.78)%,(1.56 ± 1.16) scores,(5.51 ±0.18) scores and (342.7 ± 19.7) m after treatment in experimentgroup,and (1.28 ± 0.23) L,(46.27 ±8.85)%,(55.76 ±8.57)%,(2.29 ±1.13)scores,(4.47 ±0.13)scores and (280.6 ± 17.8)m after treatment in control group.There were significant differences between two groups (P<0.05).Conclusion Tiotropium bromide,salmeterol/ fluticasone inhaling can improve life quality and pulmonary functional parameters in patients with stable COPD,while exercise combined with that can significantly enhance the therapeutic effects.

Key words:
Pulmonary disease,chronic obstructive; Tiotropium bromide; Salmeterol/fluticasone; Exercise


To price vanilla options, the market does not rely on empirical parameters. Why should it be the case when pricing hybrids? When pricing long dated equity or indexes linked derivatives, one cannot assume the interest rates to be constant. As a consequence the market, consciously or not, does not only make bets on the volatility but also on the potential drift of the underlying. Therefore long dated vanilla options incorporate information on the dynamic of the interest rates. Using market prices from variance swaps, caps/floors and long dated vanilla options, one proposes a simple way to extract implied correlation between indexes and interest rates through a stochastic interest rates-stochastic volatility model.


In this article, we study the game of cops and robbers in algebraic graphs. We show that the cop number of the Cayley sum graph of a finite group $G$ with respect to a subset $S$ is at most its degree when the graph is connected, undirected. We also show that a similar bound holds for the cop number of generalised Cayley graphs and the twisted Cayley sum graphs under some conditions. These extend a result of Frankl to such graphs. Using the above bounds and a result of Bollob\'{a}s--Janson--Riordan, we show that the weak Meyniel's conjecture holds for these algebraic graphs.


PurposeLean production has been proved to be a cost-effective and efficient means of production that reduces non-valve added activities. Industry 4.0 (I4.0) is a technology-driven platform that allows machines to interact with other systems through artificial intelligence, machine learning, industrial Internet of Things (IoT), etc. that improve the production system with flexibility, quality and customization throughout the whole value chain. New approaches to digitization of lean production have recently been emerged and they are transforming the industry and increasing productivity throughout the value chain. Through this article, an effort has been made to review the research published in this field.Design/methodology/approachThis paper reviews the literature published in various journals, the databases Web of science (WoS), ScienceDirect, Scopus, Emerald etc. were referred with a focus on lean concepts and tools and I4.0 technologies; it has been noticed that the integration of the lean tools with I4.0 technologies is a very effective tool for the industry.FindingsIt has been found in the literature published earlier in various journals that lean manufacturing (LM) is commonly acknowledged and considered a best practice to improve the productivity. It is concerned with the tight integration of people into the industrial process through continuous improvement which leads to value addition throughout the whole value chain by eliminating non vale added activities. The findings show that organizations can improve their productivity and flexibility with speed and accuracy by integrating I4.0 technologies with LM, which is foremost need of any industry across the world.Originality/valueThis article accentuates the connections between the principles and tools developed under the umbrella of I4.0 and those developed by the LM techniques, with a specific emphasis on how some of the principles and tools of I4.0 improve the implementation of lean principles dependent on the competence levels of the technology. Very few articles have been published in this area, and this paper is an original piece of research covering a review of extant research published in various journals.


Abstract : The linear stability of a Leap-Frog and a Modified Leap-Frog scheme for two dimensional hyperbolic initial boundary value problems is investigated. Different stable boundary treatments are presented for each case. In one case, the boundary condition is found to further restrict the Cauchy stability condition. A 2x2 2-D system is also considered and a stable boundary treatment is presented. (Author)


Regimes of Camps and Camping. The political mobility of activist encampments
Political encampments have been part and parcel of the politics of New Social Movements in Europe over the last few decades. From the counter-cultural music festival circuits of the 1970s to the Peace Camps of the early 80s on to the anti-road and no-border camps of the 90s the encampments form a tradition build on shared aesthetics and new popular forms of leisured mobility. A recent surge in the occurrence of political campsites in Europe and across the world prompts a reflection on this form of mobility in the context of the new mobilities regime.
Drawing on data from activist encampments around Anti-G8 protests in the UK and Germany and the Camps for Climate Action in the UK this chapter discusses protests camps in the context of the formation of new mobilities regimes. While social movement research often reflects camps as merely instrumental forms of the organisation of protest, the understanding of protest camps as mobilities allows placing them in the context of a broader notion of camps and camping histories.


Tomorrow's power electronic systems require cost‐saving and more efficient power conversion solutions. The heterogeneous integration of GaN‐based high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) together with silicon CMOS by micro‐Transfer‐Printing could be a key technology for this. It enables the integration of highly integrated mature CMOS logic functionality with fast GaN HEMT output drivers with very low on‐state and switching losses. The scalability by design measures of the printed HEMT is investigated in terms of drain‐to‐gate spacing and channel width defining breakdown voltage and area‐related parameters like on‐resistance. The design flexibility of the micro‐Transfer‐Printing by printing the HEMTs on top of the CMOS devices without restrictive design rule limits is investigated by CMOS DC parameter comparison and thermal TCAD Design Of Experiment (DOE) study. No electrical or thermal functional limitation of printing the HEMTs directly on top of the CMOS dielectric layer stack was found. This enables the usage of the isolation capabilities of the CMOS dielectric layer stack to enhance the HEMT breakdown voltage.


A new algorithm called ADLB(adaptive dynamic load balancing)is putforward in allusion to the "hotspot" issue in structured P2P networks.ADLB utilizes Chord's routing mechanism and node heterogeneity thus achieves good performance with low overhead.A mechanism for monitoring and control load on node is also proposed.The validity of ADLB is studied on Chord system,and finally simulation for evaluation is run and shows ADLB is effective.


SUMMARY Ecosystem services programmes have been advocated for their potential to join conservation and poverty alleviation efforts, integrate working landscapes, and provide a flow of ecosystem services upon which populations rely. Ecuadorian páramo grasslands have rapidly become the focus of compensation for ecosystem services (CES) programmes intended to conserve hydrologic services, carbon sequestration and biodiversity. This paper reviews CES programmes in Ecuadorian páramos using a combination of semi-structured interviews with project personnel, policy makers and community leaders involved in CES programme development, document analysis, and archival research. Findings indicate that, in some cases, CES schemes can support local development, with potential to contribute to poverty alleviation; however, measures of programme effects on poverty were lacking. The programmes fell across the spectrum of activity-reducing to activity-enhancing, with some functioning as protected areas and others integrating working landscapes; however, designation of land as protected did not necessarily imply more restrictive use. Finally, these cases all reflect scenarios in which limited information is available linking land use with ecosystem services production and underscore the idea that adequate understanding of ecosystem production functions continues to be a barrier to development of effective programmes, particularly where the provision of multiple ecosystem services is anticipated.