© Society for Clinical Trials 2007 10.1177/1740774507076808 From a medical perspective, the potential to target therapies to subpopulations most likely to benefit and/or least likely to exhibit toxicity is very attractive. From a business perspective, the potential is increasingly recognized for targeting to benefit drug development through, inter alia, a greater probability of success, generation of intellectual property and an improved risk-benefit profile leading to product differentiation, improved market penetration and support of formulary and pricing decisions. The science and technology to allow targeting of therapies have rapidly advanced and continue to do so. The focus of this paper is on issues in developing therapies using genomic targeting, but the basic principles apply to the development of therapies using other approaches to targeting as well. Given this potential of targeted therapy, many have predicted that we will soon see an explosion of targeted therapy and personalized medicine. However, to realize the full potential of targeted therapy, the approach to developing drugs must be appropriately adapted. In order to launch a new drug with a validated and commercially available pharmacogenomic-targeting diagnostic test, careful planning must begin during the drug discovery process. It is critical to understand key pathways involved in disease pathophysiology, and in drug pharmacodynamics, toxicity, pharmacokinetics and metabolism in order to identify one or a few genes or markers of interest. A limited number of targeting hypotheses must then be identified. Because drug response may be a complex trait determined by multiple genes, each hypothesis may involve more than one gene. Also, if not already available, a rapid outcome measure (clinical or pharmacodynamic) appropriate for use in early evaluation of the targeting hypothesis must be identified. Utilizing this information, one must then plan clinical development in a manner that will lead to the identification of a central targeting hypothesis confirmation of that hypothesis and timely development and validation of a suitable test. Two alternatives to this prospective approach have yielded limited success in developing genomictargeted drugs – broad pharmacogenomic testing and informal approaches. Broad pharmacogenomic testing (testing hundreds or thousands of genes and exploring a nearly limitless number of gene combinations) can be of substantial value, for example, in understanding the drug, in identifying and later developing new indications and in developing new drugs for the same indication. However, it will rarely lead to successful and timely targeting of the drug under study. For broad testing of many genes to lead to targeting, one must accumulate and mine large amounts of data, generate hypotheses (typically many hypotheses emerge from such testing), test the hypotheses in new patient groups to narrow the hypotheses, confirm those results in new patients and develop, standardize and validate diagnostic tests for commercial use. This process will require many serial studies, typically extending over a period of time well in excess of the typical drug development period. Even when specific genes of potential interest are identified and tested early in development, a successful approach to targeted development requires careful planning. Lack of careful planning can lead to many pitfalls, including, at any stage of development, inadequate sample/study sizes to address pharmacogenomic hypotheses, inadequate sample handling or availability, acquisition of the wrong samples or incorrectly collected samples, uninterpretable data, irreproducible results, untimely data or inability to validate assay upscaling and improvement. Two of the critical aspects of well-planned development are highlighted in the following sections: planning for validation and evolution of the assay, and planning hypothesis-driven development.


For some years after its suggestion an approximate method of solution of the boundary layer equations due to Kármán and Pohlhausen was thought to be reasonably accurate. The present writer (1934) recommended it for general use because it agreed with experiment as far as the point of separation for the flow past a circular cylinder (when the observed pressure distribution was used in the theoretical solution). There seems to be little doubt that this method gives a reasonably accurate solution in a region of accelerated flow, but more recently its adequacy in a region of retarded flow has been questioned. The flow past a circular cylinder is not an exhaustive test for a retarded region because the pressure rises very rapidly from its minimum value leaving little doubt as to the position of separation. Schubauer (1935) has measured the pressure distribution around an elliptic cylinder of fineness ratio 2∙96:1 and also observed, by introducing smoke just beyond the separation point, the actual position of separation. On applying Pohlhausen's method to his observed pressure distribution Schubauer fails to find any separation at all. By measurements of the velocity distribution in the boundary layer he finds that Pohlhausen's method agrees reasonably with the observed one up to a point about five-sevenths of the way between the pressure minimum and the observed point of separation; the calculated distribution then diverges from the observed one.


Objective To investigate the prognosis affected factors in patients with acute myocardial infarction.Methods 88 patients with acute myocardial infarction were selected and divided into survival group and death group by outcomes,the clinical-data were compared and the significant independent variables were induced into Logistic regression analysis.Results Smoking,heart failure,anterior myocardial infarction and age were classified into risk factors by Logistic regression analysis,and the OR values were 5.33,5.98,6.22,8.25 and 8.44 respectively.Conclusion There are many factors can affect prognosis of acute myocardial infarction,preventions should be targeted to improve the prognosis of patients.


This paper introduces a proposal for representing non-functional aspects by using UML. Our purpose is to apply UML-concepts in combination with OCL in order to describe the non-functional aspects of software systems by resorting to the NoFun notation formulated by [7]. On one hand, we make use of the UML concepts for defining stereotypes, class compartments and stereotyped dependencies to represent the non-functionality. On the other hand, the OCL language is used for representing the constraints imposed on the implementations of software components .


The genus Parastenichnaphes FRANZ (Scydmaenidae: Scydmaeninae: Cyrtoscydmini) is redefined, and Oriental species are reviewed. Parastenichnaphes sumatrensis (FRANZ) from Indonesia and P. ceylonensis (FRANZ) from Sri Lanka are redescribed, a lectotype for the former species is designated, and important morphological characters (including aedeagi and spermathecae) are illustrated.


Current activated sludge models consider that the removal of biodegradable organics by suspended growth includes rapid enmeshment of the organic particles in the microbial floc, hydrolysis of the complex organic molecules into readily biodegradable organic substances, and oxidation of dissolved organic substances. All of the models assume hydrolysis is the rate-limiting step, but none consider the role that the kinetics of biological flocculation and the sludge settling characteristics may play in defining the activated sludge operating parameters. Several researchers have studied the kinetic of biological flocculation, and have analyzed its role on the removal of particulate COD in suspended growth reactors. It has been demonstrated that a large proportion of the organic matter present in sewage can be removed by biological flocculation using short hydraulic retention times and subsequent settling. This paper demonstrates that the one-dimensional limiting flux theory may be useful for coupling the sludge settling properties with the aeration tank behavior, and is a reasonable first approximation that can be used for activated sludge system design and operation.


The theory of misreading is systematic.We can regard the phenomenon of misreading as a kind of personalized interpretation.The phenomenon of misreading isn't negative factors,instead it has positive impacts on language teaching and learning for reading.Guiding learner to respect the text and related history of interpretation,this may be one basic and effective way to avoid the phenomenon of wrong reading.


graphed on a polyamide column with watermethanol (1:1). The active component (I)2) was obtained as a powder of a red pigment, approximately 20mg, and named phleichrome. Its homogeneity was confirmed by TLC on silica gel with 2% oxalic acid solution; Rf 0.56 (reference compound, elsinochrome A, 0.59) in acetone and 0.14 (0.50) in benzeneethyl acetate (1:1). ORD (c=0.28x10-3g/ ml, MeOH) [ƒÓ] (nm); -29400 (600), -23520


An efficient method for achiral addition of TMSCN to ketones by employing N-methylmorpholine N-oxide (NMO) alone as the catalyst is described. A variety of aromatic, aliphatic, cyclic and heterocyclic ketones are converted into their corresponding trimethylsilyl ethers in excellent yields (>90%).


Analysis of string stability in vehicle platoons has mainly been confined to strings of vehicles having similar dynamics. In this scenario, errors propagate uniformly downstream in the string, making string stability analysis convenient. In real driving and platooning scenarios, homogeneity of vehicles is highly unlikely. This means errors amplify/attenuate in a nonuniform manner downstream, as a result of differing dynamics of the current and preceding vehicles appearing in the platoon error dynamic model. This complicates string stability analysis. To remedy this issue, a dynamic proxy to decouple the error dynamics of current vehicle from its predecessor is proposed. Then, by utilizing passivity-based techniques to constrain the output strict passivity index of each vehicle subsystem in the string to unity through a two-stage control strategy, the condition for string stability is met. Validation of the proposed strategy through numerical simulations is nresented.


FederGGriffithsCHightonC. Do clinical guidelines introduced with practice based education improve care of asthmatic and diabetic patients? A randomised controlled trial in general practices in east London. BMJ. 1995 Dec 2;311:1473–8.


A series of diethylthio-/dibenzylthioacetals were obtained in high yields via hydrochloric acid mediated thioacetalization reaction of 4,4-Diethylthio/benzylthio-but-3-en-2-one as odorless thiol equivalents with aldehydes/ketones under solvent-free conditions.


Thionocarbamate is an excellent collector for sulfide ore.The synthesis methods of thionocarbamate are summarized,and merits and drawbacks of different meathods re also discussed in this article.The purpose is to find a synthesis method which is more effective,low pollution and more economical.


Shallow Discourse Parsing (SDP), the identification of coherence relations between text spans, relies on large amounts of training data, which so far exists only for English - any other language is in this respect an under-resourced one. For those languages where machine translation from English is available with reasonable quality, MT in conjunction with annotation projection can be an option for producing an SDP resource. In our study, we translate the English Penn Discourse TreeBank into German and experiment with various methods of annotation projection to arrive at the German counterpart of the PDTB. We describe the key characteristics of the corpus as well as some typical sources of errors encountered during its creation. Then we evaluate the GermanPDTB by training components for selected sub-tasks of discourse parsing on this silver data and compare performance to the same components when trained on the gold, original PDTB corpus.


The objective of this study was to establish the relationship between personal factors of Resilience and Academic Performance in the area of the Spanish Language, also determining differences according to Age, Sex and Socioeconomic Level. Regarding the method, it is a quantitative study with a descriptive-comparative scope and a non-experimental cross-sectional design, which used a sample of 245 Colombian schoolchildren in a context of vulnerability, aged between 10 and 18 years, selected by stratified probability sampling with proportional allocation.


We study linear polymer solutions containing different chemical species within the framework of the direct renormalization method introduced by des Cloizeaux. We study the osmotic pressure and polymer radii of dilute solutions containing two chemically different polymers A and B both in good and θ solvent when the interaction between A and B monomers is repulsive. The central result is that in a good solvent in the asymptotic limit of infinite mass, polymers cannot tell each other apart: a polymer A cannot distinguish between a polymer A and a polymer B. The importance of the chemical difference between A and B monomers shows up only in corrections to scaling which are extensively studied. The study is made first for solutions of A and B chains having the same end‐to‐end distance and then generalized to the polydisperse case where A and B chains have different end‐to‐end distances. This allows to predict the behavior of the mutual A–B virial coefficient for two chains in a good solvent, in a θ solvent or in a selective solvent (good for A, θ for B). We then study semidilute solutions and show how the experimentally observed segregation between A and B chains is governed by corrections to scaling in a good solvent. An explicit expression is proposed for the osmotic pressure in that case. This study is also extended to very dilute solutions containing block copolymers.


The present invention provides a method of treating blood operation apparatus A patient (P) for extracorporeal blood treatment, for monitoring a patient using a blood treatment device (P) of the extracorporeal blood treatment blood monitor (28), and an blood treatment device.


A concept of the performance margins for systems controlled by conventional and second order sliding mode controllers is proposed. These margins are based on the system's tolerance to self sustained oscillations with certain amplitude and frequency. The practical performance margins are introduced as the maximal gain increase or/and the maximal phase lag added to the frequency characteristic of the linear part of the open loop system that yield acceptable loss of system's performance in terms of admissible parameters of self-sustaining oscillations. The method to compute the performance margins is presented. Examples and simulations which verify the utility of the concept are shown.


In this study, the design, fabrication, and calibration of the piezoresistive stress sensors [1-18] embedded in a TSV (through silicon via) interposer in a 300mm wafer are investigated. The results presented herein should be useful for the development of 3D integration such as measuring the strength of the TSV device and interposer wafers, during and after all the processes such as wafer thinning, SiO2 deposition, metallization, and electroplating.


We investigate a novel boundary condition for the bc system with central charge c=-2. Its boundary state is constructed and tested in detail. It appears to give rise to the first example of a local logarithmic boundary sector within a bulk theory whose Virasoro zero modes are diagonalizable.


Floating point arithmetic provides high resolution and wide range for representing numbers. However it requires huge resources and high power consumption which makes it unfavorable for implementation in power constrained wearable devices. In this paper we present fused floating point arithmetic for realizing Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT). Comparative analysis is performed to determine the advantages of fused floating point. Implementing DWT using fused floating point dot product required 22% less area than using conventional floating point arithmetic. Moreover the required power consumption is 67% less. DWT is chosen in the analysis since it is widely used in wearable ECG processors due to its inherent behavior to suppress noise.


We report here for the first time the combination of microfabricated gas chromatography (GC) columns with pneumatic modulation to achieve high-speed comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GCxGC) using microfabricated components. The GCxGC system is in turn combined with nanoelectromechanical (NEMS) resonator mass sensors that have been coated with a chemically-selective polymer to enhance detection of phosphonate compounds that are useful surrogates for chemical warfare agents (CWA). GC elution peak widths on the order of 20 msec have been achieved. Retention times on the order of 2–4 seconds have been demonstrated for polar compounds, indicating that this microfabricated GCxGC system can be applied for rapid analyses.


I write this letter with great concern for the future of my society and the State of Israel with the belief that the views presented here reflect the opinions of at least several hundred-thousand Jews living in Israel, who oppose the positions and the policies of the Israeli government and believe that these positions and policies are leading the country to disaster. This letter expresses my deep worry and conviction that Israel needs to be saved from the road chosen by the majority. Just because views are possessed by a majority does not mean that these views—and the actions that result from them— are right, moral or just. Thus all those who share the beliefs expressed in this letter are asked not to be bystanders to the upcoming and inevitable tragedy. No nation deserves this fate, even if its people are suffering from shortsightedness.


Cascade pumping of type-I quantum well gain sections was utilized to increase output power and efficiency of GaSb-based diode lasers operating in spectral region from 1.9 to 3.3 μm. Two-step ridge waveguide design with shallow 5-μm-wide and deep 15-μm-wide etched sections yielded λ ~ 2 μm lasers generating 250 mW of continuous wave output power in nearly diffraction limited beam when mounted epi-down. The same device mounted epi-up demonstrated output power of about 180 mW. Lasers operating in the wavelength range above 3.2 μm with variable deep etched ridge width and two-step ridge design were fabricated and characterized. Two-step ridge waveguide design yielded the lowest threshold current and the highest slope efficiency. Tens of mW of continuous wave output power was obtained in nearly diffraction limited beams in the wavelength range from 3.2 to 3.3 μm near and above 20 °C in both epi-up and epi-down mounting configurations. Laterally-coupled 2-nd-order distributed feedback lasers operated near 3.22 μm in continuous wave regime at room temperatures with more than 10 mW of output power at room temperature in epi-up mounted configuration.


This technical report presents a MATLAB Simulink model that represents the longitudinal dynamics of an actual vehicle with remarkable accuracy. Through validation against empirical data, the model demonstrates a close adherence to the real-world behaviour of a vehicle, encompassing key aspects such as acceleration, braking, and velocity control. With its versatility and applicability in various engineering domains, this model is a valuable tool for automotive research, aiding in developing advanced control systems and autonomous driving technologies.


Color has been strategically used to attract consumers in the textile and clothing industry, and yarn color mixing is one of the most typical methods of imparting color to textile products. However, the fact that color appears different depending on the illumination has concerned textile designers and sellers at the point of color communication and sale. This study quantitatively analyzed how the color appearance of woven fabrics composed of single and multiple colors of yarns changes under a broad spectrum of illumination conditions. The lightness, chroma, and hue appearance values of 36 chromatic fabrics, in which red, yellow, green, and blue yarns were woven together, under 16 different illumination conditions were calculated. For the illumination conditions, correlated color temperatures (CCTs) of 2700, 4000, 5000, and 6500 K and luminance of 100, 1000, 4000, and 8000 cd/m2 were employed. The color appearance values of fabrics under the 16 light sources were compared with each other and also with their true physical colors. It was observed that the ranges of the varying lightness, chroma, and hue appearances of fabrics ranged up to 8.49, 16.24, and 27.04, respectively, indicating the huge effect of illumination on color appearance changes. In particular, the lower CCT of light sources induced the larger lightness appearance changes of fabrics from their actual physical colors. It was also found that the magnitudes of the color appearance changes of fabrics induced by light sources differed significantly according to the number of yarn colors and the overall colorimetric properties of the fabrics.


Objective: To investigate the heat shock protein (HSP) 72 expression and apoptosis induced by hydrogen peroxide in hypoxic rat liver. Design: Prospective control study using the isolated rat liver. Setting: Animal research facility. Subjects: Fasted, pathogen‐free specific, male Sprague‐Dawley rats. Interventions: A low‐flow hypoxia model was made by reducing an afferent pressure from 10 to 2.5 cm H2O, and by perfusing the isolated rat liver for 2 hrs. Measurement and Main Results: We investigated the hydrogen peroxide production by using the 2′‐7′ dichlorofluorescein image, the induction of HSP 72 by using immunohistochemistry, and apoptosis by using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP‐digoxigenin nick end‐labeling method in the low flow hypoxic rat liver. In low‐flow hypoxia, hydrogen peroxide production, HSP 72 expression, and apoptosis were induced in the midzone of rat liver. Prevalence of HSP 72 expression was higher in the sinusoidal endothelial cells (SEC) than in the hepatocytes. All apoptotic cells were SEC with expression of HSP 72. Hydrogen peroxide was derived from hepatocytes. Pretreatment with the specific xanthine oxidase inhibitor, sodium(‐)‐8‐(3‐methoxy‐4‐phenylsulfinylphenyl) pyrazolo [1,5‐a]‐1,3,5‐triazine‐4‐olate monohydrate significantly attenuated hydrogen peroxide production, HSP 72 expression, and apoptosis of SEC in the midzone. Conclusion: Xanthine oxidase‐dependent hydrogen peroxide induces midzonal and SEC‐dominant HSP 72 expression and apoptosis in hypoxic rat liver.


of the word is not entirely familiar and requires effortful decoding. First the child says /i . . . i/, then /iz/, then /land/, then /iz land/, and all of a sudden she gets it right: she correctly reads island aloud. English is notorious for words like island, with spellings that only partly reveal how they are spoken. Nonetheless, the way a word is spelled almost always reveals something of how to say it aloud, something of its phonology. This fact illustrates the alphabetic principle, which has long lead scientists to wonder about the role of phonology in reading. For instance, does a printed word's phonology play a role in deriving meaning from the word? A central question of reading is whether understanding individual written words always depends upon prior access to their phonology: Do mental representations of phonology mediate the comprehension of written words? This question is based on the idea that reading can be taken apart as the links of a chain of mental events. Think again of the 6-year-old child and the word island. Reading island aloud, the effect, seems to depend on an intermediate representation of island's phonology, its cause. Presented with the visual stimulus island, the child's mind first forms a representation of the word's spelling. The spelling representation will be decoded, or puzzled out, to create a representation of phonology. In turn, the mental representation of island 's phonology activates the motor program of its pronunciation, and the child says island aloud. The child portrayed as reading island aloud illustrates the classic view of stimulus Æ mediating representations Æ response: the idea of a causal chain between the stimulus word island and its pronunciation. It is from this vantage point that the question of phonology and reading is posed. Both the printed word island and island 's pronunciation appear in some sense to be outside the child's head, but she constructs phonology inside her head. Phonology is intermediate, both in the sense of a middle position in time or space and in the sense of a mental causal link between the printed word and its pronunciation (cf. Fodor, 1981; Kihlstrom, 1987; Markman & Dietrich, 2000). 4


EALTH REFORM DISCUSSIONS REVOLVE AROUND HOW best to achieve the goals of cost containment, increasedaccesstocare,andimprovedquality.However, in the current health reform debate, little attention is paid to how medicine is currently taught and practiced. It has long been understood that the fundamental tenets of health arise from understanding the interaction among genomics, the external environment, and behavior.Modernmedicineoftenneglectsthiscomprehensive model and treats disease in isolation, without taking into accountthedynamic,integrativesystemsinthehumanbody. Proponentsofanewapproachinmedicaleducationandpractice look toward "systems medicine," which incorporates the complex biochemical, physiological, and environmen


Objective To explore the effect of outdoor bicycle exercise on the mood of college students, and to explore the effective methods for promoting undergraduates' mental heath. Methods Totally 36 college students attended the outdoors bicycle exercises were tested for five times mainly by Profile of Mood States(POMS) before and after exercise. Self-rating depression scale(SDS) and Self-rating Anxiety Scale(SAS) were also applied. Results After out door bicycle exercise, the score of negative mood reduced and the score of positive mood increased, and statistical significant difference was found in each group before or after the exercise(P0.01). The effectiveness was mainly short-tem.Conclusion Outdoor exercise can improve the mood and the mental healthy of college students in short time.


This paper presents a novel approach to X-ray mammography - MRI registration. The proposed method uses an intensity-based technique and an affine transformation matrix to approximate the 3D deformation of the breast resulting from the compression applied during mammogram acquisition. The registration is driven by a similarity measure that is calculated at each iteration of the algorithm between the target X-ray mammogram and a simulated X-ray image, created from the MR volume. Although the similarity measure is calculated in 2D, we compute a 3D transformation that is updated at each iteration. We have performed two types of experiments. In the first set, we used simulated X-ray target data, for which the ground truth deformation of the volume was known and thus the results could be validated. For this case, we examined the performance of 4 different similarity measures and we show that Normalized Cross Correlation and Gradient Difference perform best. The calculated mean reprojection error was for both similarity measures 4mm, for an initial misregistration of 14mm. In the second set of experiments, we present the initial results of registering real X-ray mammograms with MR volumes. The results indicate that the breast boundaries were registered well and the volume was deformed in 3D in a similar way to the deformation of the breast during X-ray mammogram acquisition. The experiments were carried out on five patients.


Objective To investigate the applying condition of drugs instruction booklets among clinical nurses in order to improve the quality of nursing care.Method A total of 420 nurses were selected and investigated with a self-designed questionnaire. Results There were significant differences on the knowledge and attitude of drug instruction booklets among nurses with different educational background and professional titles (P0.01 orP0.05).However,there was no significant difference between technical secondary nurses and associate nurses and junior with senior nurses.The reasons that affected the use of drug booklets were the busy work,the limited time,the update medicine and the jerky medical terminology.Conclusion The drugs instruction booklet is the basic and important information for medication administration.Nurses should get more pharmacological knowledge to ensure the safety of medication and enhance the quality of nursing care.


Commentary on a recent California decision dealing with a claim of agreed boundaries and criticism of the doctrine requiring that there be evidence of an actual agreement in addition to existence of the boundary itself.


Faults can be circumvented in one-dimensional cellular arrays simply by switching out (bypassing) the defective cells in the cascade. In this note, the problem is solved of finding the minimal network of switches capable of bypassing up to q possibly defective cells from an n-celled array. The cells may be combinational or sequential, unilateral or bilateral, and may employ digital or continuous signals. It is shown that the minimum number N(n, q) of switches required equals ½(q+1)(2n-q+2) for the case when added internal circuit nodes are disallowed, or when q=1, and equals 3n otherwise.


A method of restoration of aliased Doppler spectra is proposed. The method is based on the fact that overlaid spectral components of the received signals are statistically independent. For implementation of the method, the radar is supposed to transmit trains of pulses with two or more pulse repetition frequencies. In contrast to usual dual-PRF techniques, it does not require the Doppler spectrum to be narrow. The method is validated on experimental data from a meteorological radar, the restored spectra are compared with the ones that were measured directly at higher pulse repetition frequency.


There is a necessity to anticipate and identify changes in events points to a new direction in the stock exchange markets in line with the analysis of the oscillations of prices of financial assets. This need leads to argue about new alternatives in the prediction of financial time series using machine learning methods. This paper aims to describe the development of the SVR-wavelet model, an adaptive and hybrid prediction model, which integrates wavelet models and Support Vector Regression (SVR), for prediction of financial time series, particularly applied to Foreign Exchange Market (FOREX), obtained from a public knowledge base. The method consists of using the Discrete Wavelets Transform (DWT) to decompose data from FOREX time series, that are used as SVR input variables to predict new data. The adjusted series are compared with traditional models such as ARIMA and ARFIMA Model. In Addition, statistical tests like normality and unit root are performed to prove that the series in question have non-linear distribution and also to verify the level of correlation between the periods of the series.


This paper presents the design and stiffness modeling of a soft multi-fingered hand. First, the structure and the kinematics of one soft finger are introduced. The finger has a soft feature by using a spring as its backbone. Using five soft fingers, a multi-fingered hand is designed. Secondly, the stiffness modeling of the soft finger is conducted to measure the softness of the finger mechanism as well as estimate the actuator size. Finally, usefulness of the multi-fingered hand is demonstrated through experimental work grasping rigid and flexible objects.


The GPS monitoring signals are frequently interfered by noise due to many factors.An introduction was made on the method of eliminating the noise by manual intervention,so as to obtain satisfactory baseline vector solution.The authors also discussed the method of selecting signals and the principle of choosing base line.Problem encountered during office calculation may be experience for field observation.


This paper studies the formation of nitrification aerobic granular sludges in three different sequencing batch reactors(SBR) R1, R2 and R3 under different influent C/N conditions, with the influent C/N ratios of R1, R2 and R3 respectively as 5, 10 and 30. The characteristics and the physical and chemical properties change process about the sludge granulation were analyzed, and results show that, after 35 d cultivation, the formation of sludge particles' s color close to orange, as the higher C/N ratio, the color becomes deeper; and the sludge's SVI30 also reduce, SVI30 of inoculation sludge from52.51 m L/g MLSS reduced to 46.45 m L/g MLSS, 25.32 m L/g MLSS, 31.12 m L/g MLSS respectively in R1, R2 and R3.There are more formation of large particles of sludge under the conditions of small C/N ratio(5), while more formation of small particles under the conditions of large C/N ratio(30), which are not conducive to the settlement of sludge. Under the same conditions, the formation of granular sludge is optimal at C/N ratio of 10.


Abstract Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is highly prevalent among the Australian Indigenous population. In this setting, alongside a high prevalence of chronic medical comorbidities, OSA may further perpetuate adverse health outcomes. Though CPAP is a well-established, proven therapeutic modality, acceptability, and adherence have not been examined among the Australian Indigenous population. 730 Indigenous Australian patients with a diagnostic sleep study recorded between 2011 and 2020 were included. CPAP therapy was assessed as Accepting (any recorded use), Adapting (≥30 days use) and Adhering (≥30 days with ≥4 hours use on ≥70% of nights). 649 (89%) Indigenous patients had OSA (25% mild, 25% moderate & 50% severe). The majority of patients were male (53%), aged a median 47 years and were obese (72%), with 44% residing in remote locations. 309 (48%) Accepted CPAP, 197 (30%) Adapted to CPAP and 67 (10%) Adhered to CPAP. Acceptance, Adaptation and Adherence were higher in patients with Severe vs. Mild OSA (63, 44 & 16% vs. 23, 10 & 3%). OSA severity was associated with Acceptance and Adaptation to CPAP therapy but was not associated with Adherence. Remote residence was significantly and negatively associated with Adaptation and Adherence to therapy. Remote location was found to be the major factor defining whether patients continued therapy for ≥30 days and adhered to therapeutic guidelines. Given that 80% of Indigenous Australians in the NT reside in remote communities significant work needs to be done to promote adaptation and adherence to therapy in order to reduce morbidity associated with sleep disorders.


In the second part of this two-part article, Matt Bromley continues his advice on how we can teach our students to transfer their knowledge and learning from one context to another


IV&V is rapidly growing in importance and complexity as modern software systems become increasingly critical to global human endeavors. In particular, software is more and more becoming an inescapable ingredient within safety critical systems such as those found within aerospace and within the economically critical systems of global industries.


Similar ebooks with Refractory Linings Thermomechanical Design And Applications : refractory linings pdf wordpress refractory linings schacht pdfsdocuments refractory linings: thermomechanical design and the evaluation of refractory linings thermo-mechanical the evaluation of refractory linings thermo-mechanical turbomachinery design and theory hvac water chillers and cooling towers hvacvn premium alumina for refractory applications introduction to the design and behavior of bolted joints theory and design for mechanical measurements, second free download here pdfsdocuments2 pro 96 user manual mgbbc cummins lta10 parts manual qglip practical stress analysis in engineering design chapter 2 organizational purpose and strucural design handbook of pneumatic conveying engineering free 013 genevieve gauckler v2 graphiste lcfud epson powerlite home cinema 3020 manual lcfud designing engineers louis l. bucciarelli, 1994 cambridge principles of biomechanics majmaah university sdlc manual coast guard gbnti section 4 and notetaking study guide answers mgbbc free 2003 grand am service manual oenli 1985 methodology for thermomech analysis of brittle clutches american university of armenia fundamentals of communication systems proakis solutions manual hbr case study solutions yvuel stingray the lethal tactics of the sole survivor emerging electromagnetic medicine life in the ghetto maitriser les ifrs certain scientific railgun vol 6 a information theory minna no nihongo bk 1 second book of mathematical bafflers observationum botanicarum iconibus ab auctore delineatis illustratarum building on solidarity social democracy and the new millennium 1st published mary thomass embroidery book osmosis and diffusion problems answer key dictionary of u s government statistical terms introduction to shannon sampling and interpolation theory springer texts in electrical engineering awake in america on irish american poetry the myths of the new world a treatise on the symbolism and mythology of the red race of america becoming family microsoft powerpoint 97 fundamentals of corporate finance 9th edition intro to arizona history government 8th essentials of nursing research electronic and internet banking the miami herald front pages 1903 1983 the fireside sphinx the war against the jews 1933 1945 plans de maisons de plain pied le combles amenages vieira da silva sandy skoglund reality under siege a retrospective the modern new testament from aramaic china burma india world war ii series paradigm college accounting 5th edition solutions manual death valley geology ecology archeology benedictine gift to music your body is talking are you listening the mind body medicine connection theory and process of miracles heart with piano wire pb 2002 answer key advanced accounting 5th edition jeter chaney american flags designs for a young nation heidegger work and being continuum studies in continental philosophy christmas card coloring book example of an apa formatted paper unpopular culture the ritual of complaint in a british bank streetcar lines in brooklyn brooklyn historic railway association list of streetcar lines in brookl how to gmc savana turn signal bulb replacement guide introduction to fungi burke mainly on patents the use of industrial property and its literature information sources for research and development the price of liberty all the man i need black womens loving expressions on the men they desire drug disposition and pharmacokinetics with a consideration of pharmacological and clinical relations reason and faith and other miscellanies constitution book answers arctic antarctic life coloring book nicholas the boy who became santa womens development problems and prospects regional silviculture of the united states answer true false answers health assessment and physical examination readings introduce accounting 1 fables for our time and famous poems illustrated venice and the defense of republican liberty renaissance values in the age of the counter reformation calculating work answers probability by alan f karr solution manual engineering economy blank solution manual atmosphere and ocean a physical introduction leaders and the leadership process 6th edition icon studies in the history of an idea northstar 3 writing answers key glencoe algebra 2 chapter 7 test form 2d answers pals test answer sheet discovering statistics using spss 4th edition geisha geology of bihar and jharkhand 1st edition fundamentals of management 6th edition griffin


The instabilities of a finitely deformed Blatz-Ko material reinforced with fibers in a single direction (an anisotropic, nonlinearly elastic material) are examined. The loading is one of plane strain uniaxial stress with the load axis being inclined with respect to the fiber direction. In general one finds a critical applied stress (or stretch) at which surface instabilities of the body occur. This is then followed by a shear band-type instability. For a certain range of fiber orientations these instabilites appear a maximum stress level has been reached. It has also been found that when the fiber direction approaches the loading axis, the material is stabilized in tension but destabilized in compression.


The Earth's climate system has recently experienced substantial warming, and asso- ciated effects are often most pronounced at species-specific distribution limits. Treeline ecotones may therefore be particularly useful to assess the complex interplay of biotic and abiotic factors in relation to environmental change. Here, we present site-dependent growth trends and climate responses of 22 Norway spruce Picea abies (L.) H. Karst. tree-ring chronologies from the treeline ecotone in the Sudetes Mountains (Mts.) along the Czech-Polish border. Annually resolved and absolutely dated ring-width measurements from 2 regions (Giant Mts. and Hrubý Jesenik Mts.), separated by aspect and altitude, resulted in robust chronologies for the 20th century. All sites reveal a close relationship between ring widths and growing season temperatures. The main site- dependent differences in growth trends and temperature responses were attributed to altitude. Trees located at the upper boundary of the treeline ecotone reacted positively to preceding autumn temperatures, and their temperature response was slightly weaker than that of trees from the upper forest limit. Temporal trends in growthclimate responses consisted mainly of a gradual decrease in the influence of preceding October temperatures and an increasing effect of May tem- peratures towards the present. The proportion of younger trees generally increases upwards within the ecotone, and the most recent growth rates appear unprecedented in a century-long context.


This chapter presents a comprehensive approach to the formulation of a transport policy. It outlines a logical approach to transport policy formulation, discusses the objectives of transport policy and how to identify and assess transport problems, describes the range of available solutions, and outlines the case for an integrated approach to transport policy formulation. The objectives-led and problem-oriented approaches can be used to identify objectives and related problems. Types of objective include vision statements are higher-level, quantified, and solution-specific objectives. Objectives include: (1) economic efficiency; (2) environmental protection; (3) safety; (4) accessibility; (5) sustainability; (6) economic regeneration; (7) equity; (8) financial feasibility; and (9) practicability. Conflicts between objectives also need to be resolved. Infrastructure, management, information, and pricing measures include provision for cars, public transport, cyclist, pedestrians, and freight. Land-use measures cannot be focused mainly on specific modes, but are mostly designed to encourage the use of public transport, cycling and walking, and shorter and fewer journeys. Some potential benefits of integrated transport policies are briefly discussed. For the covering abstract, see IRRD 892228.


The advantage of plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD) method is the ability to deposit thin films at relatively low temperature. Plasma power supports the growth process by decomposing hydrocarbon to carbon radicals which will be deposited later on metal catalyst. In this work, we have successfully synthesis graphene on Ni and Co films at relatively low temperature and optimize the synthesis conditions by adjusting the plasma power. Low temperature growth of graphene was optimized at 600°C after comparing the quality of as-grown graphene at several temperatures from 400 to 800°C and by varying plasma powers in the range of 20 - 100 W. Raman analysis of the as-grown samples showed that graphene prefers lower plasma power of 40 W. The annihilation of graphene formation at higher plasma powers is attributed to the presence of high concentration of hydrogen radical from methane which recombines with carbon elements on thin film surface. The optimum graphene growth conditions were obtained at growth temperature of 600°C, plasma power of 40 W and growth time of 10 min with methane flow rate of 120 sccm.


Functional foods can improve exercise fatigue and increase exercise levels. China is rich in marine resources.Among them, shellfish resources are the main food resources for human beings. Shellfish are rich in nutrientssuch as taurine, protein, vitamins, carbohydrates and trace elements, and are rich in unsaturated fatty acids.healthy diet habit. Functional foods prepared with marine shellfish as raw materials can play an important rolein the application of improving exercise capacity, alleviating sports fatigue and repairing body damage throughantioxidant effects. Through the analysis of relevant indicators, it can be known that the endurance, anti-fatiguedegree, and aerobic capacity of the test group of the experimental group are significantly higher than those ofthe control group (P <0.05), which proves that low-calorie proteins represented by marine shellfish Nutritiondrinks have a better effect on energy supplementation for swimmers. The nutrition improvement program canbetter control the ability of coordination and muscle control during swimming training, enhance the athlete'scomprehensive swimming ability, and increase the speed when swimming.


With the tremendous growth of computational power, the use of numerical simulations to help analysing and improving sport performance becomes achievable but is still challenging because the physical configurations generally involved coupled problems and because a human is part of the system. Futher-more, elite athletes already operate near an optimal point. As a consequence, the modelization of all the phenomena that come into play has to be accurate enough to be useful and relevant when the objective is to analyse interactions and to give reliable trends while varying some parameters. The case of rowing is presented here, through the development of a high-fidelity simulator of the global system "boat-oars-rower(s)" coupled with the resolution of the Navier-Stokes equations to provide fluid forces acting on it. For this nautical sport, the complexity comes from the non-classical naval hydrodynamics flows around the hull and the blades and from the fluid-structure interactions with the global system due to the motion of the rower and the flexibility of the shaft. 24 eme Congres Francais de Mecanique Brest, 26 au 30 Aout 2019


This paper reviewed research on teaching and learning published in the Japanese Journal of Educational Psychology during the period between July 2016 and June 2017 and presented at the annual meeting held at the Nagoya Congress Center in 2017. The research can be divided into three types: Researches on relations (a) among variables regarding teachers, (b) among variables regarding learners, and (c) between teacher and learner variables. Each study was reviewed, focusing on cognition, emotion, and behavior. It was found that many studies dealt with longitudinal or hierarchical data. While referring to these studies, this paper proposes other prospects for future research in the field of teaching and learning.


This study investigated the effect of cooking time on starch and cyanide contents of freshly harvested cassava tubers used for tapioca production. Tapioca is a cassava meal commonly consumed in most part of th e world and prepared from freshly harvested cassava tubers. The cassava tubers used for tapioca production are first boiled and sliced, before soaking in water overnight. The cassava tubers used for this study were harvested from the eastern farm of Nation al Root Crops Research Institute, Umudike in Abia State, Nigeria. Some freshly harvested cassava tubers were subjected to 90 minutes cooking in clean water and at intervals of 15 minutes, samples were collected for starch and cyanide analyses. The result s howed that increase in cooking time decreased the starch and cyanide contents of the cassava samples. Starch was reduced from 13.37% to 4.65% for every 2 g of star ch tuber given 65.22% reduction after 90 minutes. The cyanide content was reduced from 36.65 ± 0.16 to 2.49±0.08 mg/kg after 90 minutes of boiling, given a 93.2%


In this paper, an optimal control design method based on the use of preview look-ahead information about the road surface input has been shown to offer substantial performance benefits for active and semi-active suspension systems. A twin accumulator semi-active suspension system is studied theoretically using a quarter car model. The linear optimal control theory is used to derive the full state feed-forward control laws taking into account the correlation excitation with the look-ahead sensor information about the ground input. This paper suggests a solution for eliminating discomfort by using a twin accumulator semi-active suspension system, which involves modifications to the twin-accumulator suspension system and conventional passive suspension system without neither excessive cost or complexity. Moreover, the paper provides a theoretical evaluation for using a twin accumulator semi-active suspension system with and without preview control suggested, and compares the results obtained to those given by the twin accumulator system and the passive suspension system. As a result, active and twin accumulator semi-active suspension systems with and without preview give worthwhile improvements when compared to the passive suspension system and twin accumulator suspension system based on the quarter car model.


Objective To study the two blood cell analyzer and microscopic comparision of platelet count.Methods Select the PLT 20×109/L,20-50×109/L,50-100×109/L,100-300×109/L,300×109/L retrospectively from the patients in 5 groups,among which 20 cases with PLT 20×109 /L and 300×109/L were made up as a group,and the other three groups were composed of 30 cases respectively,and microscopic platelet was conducted by means of Sysmex XT-2000i,MEK-6318K,and the result was regarded as a reference.Results When the PLT 20×109/L and 300×109/L,the comparison of MEK 6318K and microscopic with the platelet count has a significant difference(P0.01),Sysmex XT-2000i and microscopic platelet count were of no significant difference(P0.05);when PLT at 20-50×109/L,50-100×109/L,100-300×109/L,the difference among the three groups was not significant(P 0.05).Conclusion When the platelet is too small,too much,and when the blood cell analyzer prompted abnormal platelet distribution or abnormal platelet histogram,it is necessary to review the use of hand-counting method in time.


Subject
 The draft 2019 budget.

 Significance
 The government budget for 2019, announced by President Sebastian Pinera on September 29, is the most austere in almost a decade. It aims to restore Chile's long-standing reputation for exemplary fiscal conduct, which in recent years has been undermined by increases in government spending that outstrip GDP growth, and the resulting increase in borrowing.

 Impacts
 Credit rating agencies have indicated that the draft budget is in line with their concerns about Chile's rising borrowing requirement.
 The ongoing decline in fiscal revenues from copper underlines Chile's need to diversify its economy.
 The government will be hard-pressed to meet its fiscal goals if, as current forecasts suggest, GDP growth weakens through to 2020.


Suspensions of a variety of different aluminum oxides have previously been shown to require very high concentrations of chloride and nitrate anions (>0.5 M) to induce rapid aggregation. This high stability has been accredited to the presence of surface forces considered to be due to the formation of highly charged Al13 polymeric species at slightly acidic pH's and aluminum oxyhydroxide gel formation under alkaline conditions. The effect of this stability on the structure of the resulting aggregates is investigated here using well-established static light-scattering techniques. Power law behavior of scattered light intensity as a function of scattering wave vector is observed in all cases and is suggestive of fractal structure. The fractal dimensions obtained fall within the expected range of 1.8 to 2.3 observed for colloidal aggregates but do not appear to follow the typical observations for colloids destabilized by indifferent electrolytes where lower fractal dimensions are associated with rapid (diffusion-limited) aggregation and higher fractal dimensions with slower (reaction-limited) aggregation. Indeed, relatively constant fractal dimensions (2.10 to 2.25) are observed over the range of salt concentrations at which the slow to rapid aggregation rate transformation occurs with, if anything, a slightly higher fractal dimension observed for higher aggregation rates. The presence of specifically binding sulfate anions appears to negate the strong near-distance repulsive forces leading to rapid aggregation at low (1 to 2 mM) sulfate concentrations. Significantly lower fractal dimensions (1.85 to 1.91) are observed for aggregates formed by destabilization using sulfate ions than obtained when chloride or nitrate are used with, again, an apparent slight increase in fractal dimension upon increasing aggregation rate.


Data are presented on the protective effects of cysteamine against radioinduced chromosome disturbances in gonad germ cells and in bone marrow cells. The data were taken from studies on Macaca mulatta monkeys. Intraperitoneal injections of 3 mg cysteamine, considered to be 150 mg/kg for mice and 100 mg/kg for monkeys, indicated mean protective effects on cells of genetic material epithelium and on bone marrow as 42.75 and 50.77% for mice and 52.4 and 50.8% for monkeys. Cytological studies confirm the higher radiosensitivity of genetic material epithelium cells in monkeys as compared to mice. It is postulated that cysteamine chromosome protection is due to a complex formation of cysteamine molecules with desoxyribonucleic acids. (R.V.J.)


Nicolle is one of only 25 postdoctoral researchers across the United States to receive the fellowship. The Hanna H. Gray Fellows Program [4] increases diversity and inclusion in the biomedical sciences by providing independent research funding to talented investigators from historically underserved groups in the sciences. The fellowship provides $70,000 in salary and $20,000 for research expenses for 2-4 years as a postdoc and also includes $270,000 per year for research funding for up to 4 years if the individual continues to a faculty position. Congratulations Nicolle!


A realistic survey of the status quo of undergraduates' reading in ten colleges or universities in Nanchang has been conducted.On the basis of the survey outcome,this paper analyses the existing problems,and puts forward the countermeasures.


Gold mine tailings dams are a high risk part of mining as they contain hazardous materials such as cyanide, mercury and arsenic from processing operations which present a risk to the public and to the environment. When tailing dams fail, the impact is disastrous for humans and the natural environment. The International Commission on Large Dams (ICOLD) collected 221 case records of tailing facility failure incidents worldwide to determine the causes of these incidents. The main causes of these incidents and reported cases of failure were found to be lack of control during the construction, lack of control of the water balance and a general lack of understanding of the features that control safe operations. The important elements to improve the safety and stability of tailings disposal facilities are geotechnical investigation, engineered design, construction, operation and monitoring of the tailings storage facility.


ABSTRACT Introduction With 583 million inhabitants, the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) is a worldwide hub for travel, migration, and food trade. However, there is a scarcity of data on the epidemiology of the hepatitis A virus (HAV). Methods The MEDLINE and grey literature were systematically searched for HAV epidemiological data relevant to the EMR region published between 1980 and 2020 in English, French, or Arabic. Results Overall, 123 publications were extracted. The proportion of HAV cases among acute viral hepatitis cases was high. HAV seroprevalence rate ranged from 5.7% to 100.0% and it was decreasing over time while the average age at infection increased. Conclusion In the EMR, HAV remains a significant cause of acute viral hepatitis. The observed endemicity shift will likely increase disease burden as the population ages. Vaccinating children and adopting sanitary measures are still essential to disease prevention; vaccinating at-risk groups might reduce disease burden even further. Plain Language Summary What is the context? Hepatitis A is a viral liver disease caused by the hepatitis A virus. It is generally transmitted by ingestion of contaminated food or water or through contact with an infected person. Disease severity increases with age. Children under 6 years of age are usually asymptomatic, while adults are the most affected. Limited information exists on the number of cases and transmission of hepatitis A in the Eastern Mediterranean region, which includes 21 countries and Palestine, as defined by the World Health Organization. What is new? We performed a literature review to summarize data on hepatitis A disease in the Eastern Mediterranean region over the last 40 years (1980-2020). As information for many countries is scarce or outdated, most of the data is from Egypt, Iran and Saudi Arabia. We found that: Hepatitis A virus is the most common cause of acute viral hepatitis. Hepatitis A exposure varied according to the country's income level. Low- and middle-income countries showed a universal immunity to hepatitis A virus, although this is not the case anymore. What is the impact? Hepatitis A infections have decreased worldwide. Lower exposure to the virus has led to an increase in the susceptible population (including adolescent and adults). Hepatitis A vaccination for children and high-risk groups such travelers should be considered in the Eastern Mediterranean region.


Scrub-jays of the genus Aphelocorna are known to be omnivorous and opportunistic in their feeding habits (Bent 1946). Stomach-content analyses of Florida ScrubJays (A. coeru lescens) have shown that they feed predominanfiy on vegetable matter but that they also take large quantities of insects as well as frogs and lizards (Sprunt 1946). Aphelocorna spp. are also well known for raiding nests of other birds (Bent 1946, Haemig 1988). Although there are reports of Western Scrub-Jays (A. ca liforn ica) preying on starlings and swallows (Ehrlich and McLaughlin 1988), as well as reports of Florida Scrub-Jays killing mockingbirds (Curry 1990), there have apparently been no previously reported field observations of their taking mammals. On the morning of 25 April 2002, I was conducting small mammal markrecapture work in pition-juniper (Pinus edulis-Juniperus rnonosperrna) woodland in the western foothills of the Sandia Mountains of central New Mexico (35 ø 17' N, 106 ø 28' W, 1890 m). I had captured two mice (Perornyscus) in succession on my trapline and had settled under a mixed clump of trees to record data on these animals. At 08:151 released the first, a 21-g adult male Pition Mouse (P. truei), and started to process the second. At that point a commotion attracted my attention. Approximately 10 m away under a short (2 m) juniper, a Western Scrub-Jay was attempting to capture the just-released mouse, chasing him in, around, and through the scrubby low-lying branches. The jay alternated pecking at the mouse and flipping it a few inches into the air as the mouse bit at his assailant. The struggle lasted for approximately two minutes until the jay finally killed the mouse. The jay then flew off with its prey and landed behind a clump of juniper 20 m away. As I circled around the trees to get a closer look the jay left the mouse and flew to the top of a tall pition tree (-5 m), which was the highest vantage point in the immediate area. After I approached a few steps closer to the spot where it had dropped the prey, the jay retrieved the dead mouse and flew behind another clump of trees 10 m farther away. It immediately dropped the mouse and returned to its perch atop the pition. For approximately five minutes I searched for the Perornyscus and then observed the jay for another few minutes while it remained on its perch watching me intently. I then returned to process the remaining White-looted Mouse (P. leucopus), also an adult male (18 g.). Although I moved farther behind another clump of trees to block my release of the mouse from the view of the scrub-jay, it immediately swooped own again as I released the mouse. This time the struggle took place approximately I m from me within a large clump of pition and juniper. As in the first incident, the jay weaved in and around the trees but took less than a minute to complete the capture. The jay then flew straight away, and I lost sight of the bird. Scrub-jays are common in the area and at times can be a great nuisance to smallmammal trapping. They frequently steal bait and bedding from Sherman live-traps as well as generally disturb them and trip them closed. However bold they may be when our backs are turned, the jays are typically reticent about approaching or allowing humans to approach closer than approximately 5 m. Although it might seem abnormal behavior--the diurnal scrub-jay preying on nocturnal Perornyscus---evidence from stomach analyses indicates that these jays do occasionally prey on small mammals. In northern California, Beal (1910) found that the total stomach contents consisted of 27% animal matter and 73% vegetable matter. In spring the proportion of animal matter was 70% of the diet. The animal matter


The development of effective user interfaces, appropriate sensors, and information processing techniques make it possible to enable the blind to achieve additional perception of the environment. Since the beginning of the 1970's, the research of vision aids for the visually impaired people has been broadly extended. After introducing the traditional methods for guiding blind, two typical modes of mobility aid are presented in this paper. One called as ETA (short for electronic travel aids), bases on the other natural senses of the blind, such as hearing, touch, smell, feeling and etc, focusing on Meijer's voice system which is based on the blind's sensitive auditory senses and ENVS which is by means of haptic feedback. The other technique is artificial vision, using surgical methods of implanting visual prosthesis in the blind's healthy retina, cortex, or optic nerve. The prosthesis generates electrical impulse and evokes the perception of points of light in the patients' visual cortex. The first type is non-wounded for the blind while the second type is wounded for the blind. Besides these, comparisons between the above two techniques and the related researches have also been indicated in this paper


CAMPOS, Marcelo Araujo de. BALANCED SCORECARD PROPOSAL FOR PARTNER CONSULTING DO BRASIL 42f. Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso – MBA em Inteligência de Negócios, Universidade Federal do Paraná. Curitiba, 2013 This paper aims to develop a balanced scorecard proposal for 'Partner Consulting do Brasil', a small service company, which operates in the consulting business. The used methodology was a literature review of the balanced scorecard and the management practices already adopted by the company. With the development of the project, it was possible to understand the company's relationships with its current management model, proposing to introduce a theoretical model of management indicators, that although not implemented, it is expected that in due course be applied and present positive results to the company under study.


The information management system of universities has stored plenty of data. We need a method which can integrate and make good use of the data. From the characteristic of colleges and universities, the paper proposed a plan that is to build data mart from bottom to top firstly, and then integrate into data warehouse. Also the paper builded a data mart by SQL Server 2000, which is based on department of computer WestChina Normal University.


An existing dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) shape synthesis technique is substantially extended to the multiple-port case in order to realize pattern reconfigurable (beam-steered) versions of such antennas. The shaping procedure is described through reference to a specific class of problem, namely the satisfaction of certain statistical coverage area requirements through pattern reconfigurability. The procedure delivers a shaped DRA that, given the size and location constraints set at the start of the shaping process, has the potential to provide the best coverage possible. At the conclusion of the shaping, which utilizes characteristic mode analysis as a facilitator, a post-shaping step is used to locate the actual feedpoint ports. How closely the best coverage performance can be realized depends on restrictions placed on the beam-steering circuitry by the designer.


Process Capability: Definition and standard evaluation: Process Capability tells you, to what extent the process is likely to satisfy the customer's wish. Standard Process Capability calculations assume 99.73% coverage of the process mapped as σ 3 ± x. Where x is the process mean σ is the process standard deviation. The standard evaluation of Process Capability Indices Cp & Cpk is given by the following formulae:) , (_ 3 3 6 Lower pk Upper pk pk Lower pk Upper pk p C C of Minimum C LSL x C x USL C LSL USL C = − = − = − = σ σ σ Where USL =Upper Specification Limit LSL = Lower Specification Limit x = Process mean σ =Process standard deviation This article touches on basic Process Capability calculations with bilateral as well as unilateral (single-sided) tolerances. It further discusses various approaches that may be taken when the data are not normally distributed. Some of the more common data transformation techniques such as Box-Cox and Johnson transforms are discussed. Clements' method for analyzing non-normal data by fitting Pearson Curves is also explained.


In the period 2013-2016 was solved the project program NAKI Ministry of Culture called "Flooded cultural and natural heritage of South Moravia" by the team of experts from various fields that straddle the TGM WRI, p. r. i.


The supervision of constitution is the guarantee to enforce constitution and realize the rule of law. The defects in the system of the supervision of constitution in China is not negligible. There are three current patterns of the supervision of constitution.Using them for reference, the design of the system of supervision of constitution in China should combine its present national conditions.


One of challenges of the Monte Carlo full core simulations is to obtain acceptable statistical variance of local parameters throughout the whole reactor core at a reasonable computation cost. The statistical variance tends to be larger in low-power regions. To tackle this problem, the Uniform-Fission-Site method was implemented in Monte Carlo code MC21 and its effectiveness was demonstrated on NEA Monte Carlo performance benchmark. The very similar method is also implemented in Monte Carlo code Serpent under the name Uniform Fission Source (UFS) method.
In this work the effect of UFS method implemented in Serpent is studied on the BEAVRS benchmark which is based on a real PWR core with relatively flat radial power distribution and also on 3x3 PWR mini-core simulated with thermo-hydraulic and thermo-mechanic feedbacks. It is shown that the application of the Uniform Fission Source method has no significant effect on radial power variance but equalizes axial distribution of variance of local power.


A composite is composed of multi phase materials.It's very difficult to make a fully resolved simulation of this kind of material because the micro scale is too small,so we need to build an effective model on the macro scale.In this paper,We build a macro model for a two phase elastic composite,giving Neumann boundary condition for macro stiffness matrix.


This is the true story of a top Wall Street player who chronicles his own transformation from a straight arrow believer in the markets, to a jaded critic who reveals how the insiders' game is really played. Dan Reingold was one of the top analysts on Wall Street. Specializing in telecom companies like WorldCom and Qwest, Reingold believed in Wall Street, and was a part of it. But in this insiders memoir, Reingold describes how his enthusiasm gradually gave way to disgust when he saw how deeply corrupt Wall Street really was. Because big investors had the advantage of inside information, which companies shared with more accommodating analysts, Reingold saw how a straight arrow like himself was doomed to fail. Reingold is like an incredulous minister who mistakenly finds himself in a whore house. He struggles with temptation: for example, his employer, Credit Suisse First Boston, wants him to sign a contract that would give him huge incentives in return for essentially selling out his clients. He seethes with resentment at being continually trumped by his nemesis, Jack Grubman, who was viewed as a superstar and only later, fined and thrown out of the industry. Ultimately, Reingold comes to terms with the corrupted, insiders' game that was his profession. In the tradition of "Liar's Poker", this is a lively, insider's account of how things really work on Wall Street that will teach even Eliot Spitzer a few things. To complete his tale, Reingold even sat through the 2005 trial of one of the most spectacular losers of the 1990s, fallen WorldCom CEO Bernie Ebbers, who Reingold knew in his heyday. This is a very personal story, and a warts-and-all look at the investing business that is extremely relevant in today's post-scandal world. It is co-written with his niece, Jennifer Reingold, a talented Fast Company senior writer.


Pd-catalyzed late-stage C(sp2)▬H activation allows the generation of self-assembling cyclic peptides. Peptide macrocycles often display diverse bioactivities and self-assembly properties, which lead to a variety of applications in medicinal and material sciences. Transition metal–catalyzed C▬H activations are emerging strategies for site-selective functionalization of amino acids and peptides, as well as the construction of cyclic peptides. Here, we report the development of a peptide-directed method for the macrocyclization of peptidoarylacetamides by Pd(II)-catalyzed late-stage C(sp2)▬H olefination. In this protocol, peptide backbones act as internal directing groups and enable facile preparation of diverse cyclic peptides that are difficult to synthesize by conventional macrolactamization. Furthermore, we show that the incorporation of aryl-alkene cross-link in the backbone constrains cyclic peptides into conformations for self-assembly.


To find out the prevalence of various ECG abnormalities among asymptomatic ground duty personnel (GDP) at Forward Air Base, a comprehensive cardiovascular survey as a part of their annual medical examination (AME) was performed. A total of 2084 air warriors underwent ECG recording. Any symptomatic / low medical category (LMC) patient was excluded from this study. Out of 2084 GDP 467 were aged less than 25 yrs, 842 were between 25-35 yrs and 775 were more than 35 yrs of age. The prevalence rate of Right bundle branch block (RBBB) was 08, 08 and 05 in respective age groups. The other findings included sinus tachycardia, left bundle branch block, poor R wave in anterior leads (5/2084) and T inversion in Anterior leads 23 /2084. Further these individuals with abnormal ECG were not detected to have any metabolic and biochemical abnormality and there was no evidence of any structural / functional heart disease on 2D Echocardiography and TMT. IJASM 2012; 56(2): 39-43 KeywordsECG: electrocardiogram, AME: annual medical examination, GDP: Ground duty personnel, RBBB: right bundle branch block, LBBB: left bundle branch block. Air Force Base and to investigate the significance of these changes in relation to the functional/ structural heart disease.


The Center for Air Quality &Control at the Seoul Research Institute of Public Health and the Environment (SIHE) has monitored changes in the concentration of fine dust in Seoul over the past 10 years and investigated meteorological factors as well as fine particulate matter (PM2.5), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations in northeastern China and its contribution to the PM2.5 concentration in Seoul. The concentration of fine dust in Seoul in 2020 was 21 µg/m3, which is down 16% from 2019 and the lowest since 2010. In 2020, China's emissions of pollutants such as NO2 have decreased significantly due to regional blockades, social distancing, and factory shutdowns caused by COVID-19. As a results, the concentration of precursors such as SO2 and NO2, and PM2.5 in northeastern China are also decreased, which contributed to the reduction in PM2.5 concentration in Seoul caused by westerly winds blowing. In addition, the ratio of east and south winds that usually contain low concentrations of pollutants was more than 30% of the total air currents into Seoul, which is the highest in the last three years. Moreover, the mean wind velocity and the amount of precipitation were also the highest recorded values of 2.4 m/s and 1651.0 mm, respectively. Calculations using Comprehensive Air quality Model with eXtensions (CAMx)-Particulate Source Apportionment Technology (PSAT) show that the contribution of external inflows to the PM2.5 concentration in Seoul was 65%. We believe that the reasons for the low PM2.5 concentration in 2020 are due to meteorological factors and a decrease in air pollution in northeastern China. Meanwhile, the major contribution of emissions in Seoul (resuspended road dust and non-exhaust dust) was high. When the concentration of PM2.5 was high, the contribution of resuspended road dust was reduced due to an increase of secondary generating materials. Currently, data on emission reduction due to the COVID-19 cannot be assessed, which we believe will enable more accurate contribution calculations in the future. © 2021


1015 Background: We previously reported that pertuzumab (P) retreatment in combination with trastuzumab (T) + chemotherapy based on physician's choice (C) (PTC) significantly improved investigator-assessed progression-free survival (PFS) compared with T + C (TC) in patients with HER2-positive locally advanced/metastatic breast cancer (LA/MBC) previously treated with P-containing regimens in the phase III PRECIOUS study. Here we report updated OS at the median follow-up of 27.4 mo. Methods: Patients previously treated with P-containing regimens as 1st/2nd-line treatment for LA/MBC were randomly assigned 1:1 to two groups, PTC group and TC group, stratified by estrogen receptor (ER) status, previous treatment duration of P, number of previous chemotherapy regimens, and presence or absence of visceral metastasis. The primary endpoint was investigator-assessed PFS. The key secondary endpoints included OS, independent reviewer assessed PFS and safety. Superiority of PTC to TC will be tested using a log-rank test and a one-sided P-value of less than 0.05 will be considered an indicator of superiority. The distribution of OS will be estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. In addition, the hazard ratio and one-sided 95% CI of the therapeutic effect between the groups will be calculated using the Cox proportional hazard model. Results: Of the 219pts enrolled, 217 (108 PTC, 109 TC) were included in the intent-to-treat analysis. At the data cutoff (Dec 31, 2021), OS and PFS events were 138 (63.6%) and 190 (87.6%), respectively. Updated median OS was significantly longer in the PTC group (median OS 36.2 vs. 26.5 mo.; HR = 0.73 [one side 95%CI upper limit, 0.97]; log-rank test p = 0.0323). In a prespecified subgroup analysis for OS including ER, visceral metastases, number of previous chemotherapy regimen was broadly constant without disease-free interval. Updated median investigator-assessed PFS (5.5 vs. 4.2 mo.; HR = 0.81 [one side 95%CI upper limit, 1.03]; stratified log-rank test p = 0.019) were also significantly better in the PTC group. Median PFS by independent review did not show the difference between two groups (4.4 vs. 4.4 mo.; HR = 1.03 [one side 95%CI upper limit, 1.36]; log-rank test p = 0.561). The serious adverse event rate did not differ between the groups (19.0% vs. 23.1%). There were no new safety signals in the two groups. Conclusions: Retreatment of P in combination with TC demonstrated significantly improved OS compared to TC. HER2 dual blockade with PT can contribute to improve survival in patients previously treated with P-containing regimens as 1st/2nd-line treatment for LA/MBC. Clinical trial information: NCT02514681 .


For a strong, collective defense in the digital domain, we need to produce, consume, analyze, and share cyber threat intelligence. With an increasing amount of available information, we need automation to ensure adequate efficiency. We present the results from a questionnaire investigating the use of standards and standardization and how practitioners share and use cyber threat intelligence (CTI). We propose a strict data model for CTI that enables consumption of all relevant data, data validation, and analysis of consumed content. The main contribution of this article is insight into how CTI is shared and used by practitioners, and the strictness of the data model that enforces input of information and enables automation and deduction of new knowledge.


Routi ng In M icroelectron ics W HEN THE popular Science magazine publishes articles such as "Design Automation of Integrated Circuits" and "Optimization by Simulated Annealing" [1], [2], it is time for IEEE members to know about the IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems. This TRANSACTIONS, which has been in existence since Jan uary 1982, fills a critical void for scholarly publications in this important field, Indeed, the edition of a special issue on Rout ing in Microelectronics is most appropriate and timely. The subject of routing has always been one of the principal areas in Design Automation, and its significance for the future ad vancement of microelectronics cannot be overly emphasized. Lee's Method of Maze-running was first published more than 20 years ago [3]. Yet amazingly it remains the most dominant one used today in industry. The line search method of High tower and the channel router developed by Hashimoto and Stevens were the two next major developments in the field [4], [5]. These were followed by So's single-row unidirec tional routing and Deutsch's dogleg channel router [6] , [7]. The latest trend in routing research can be grouped into two directions. One is toward the theoretical development using a global approach in contrast to the early Lee-Hightower methods of searching. For these approaches, disciplines such as statistical mechanics, mathematical programming, graph theory and combinatorial optimization are key to their success. The other trend is toward the development of routing systems for special purposes, such as single-layer VLSI layout, building block layout, and gate array design. The present issue contains eleven papers and has a good balance between the two. Simulated annealing is a powerful optimization tool. In their paper, "Global Wiring by Simulated Annealing", Vecchi and Kirkpatrick applied it to the global wiring of gate array and have obtained impressive results. A more general routing technique is based on mathematical programming using a hierarchical approach is reported by Burstein and Pelavin in their paper, "Hierarchical Wire Routing". The method is use ful for both global wiring and detailed routing. It has the potential of eventually replacing Lee's Maze-running router. In another paper by the same authors [8], the hierarchical approach has been used to route Deutsch's difficult c. hannel with 19 tracks equal to the channel density. Thus the quality of this approach seems to be superior to all existing channel routers. Another problem …


Model adjustment is a critical step in the procedure of virtual specific human face design by 3D human face synthesis technique.In the paper,the author brings a new method of feature point adjustment based on RBF.By adopting the inverse multi-quadratic,the RBF obtains a good result of model adjustment.


This nice text (twenty years in the writing, published posthumously) would serve well to introduce graduate students (those who can afford it!) to a rich and important class of graph-theoretic problems and concepts. Fifteen short chapters (under three broad topical heads), to each of which are attac


This study aims to describe the forms of implicature containing preaching messages in the lecture "Reconciliation of Youth Roles in the Frame of Nationality". This research is a descriptive qualitative research. The data source in this study is the video lecture "Reconciliation of Youth Roles in the National Frame" conducted by K.H. Ahmad Muwafiq on October 10, 2019 at the Karangdurin Islamic Boarding School, Tlambah, Sampang, Madura, East Java. The data in this study are speech lectures conducted by K.H. Ahmad Muwafiq and the listeners. Data collection techniques used in this study were the SBLC technique (see free folding) and note technique. The results of this study indicate that in the lecture "Reconciliation of Youth Roles in the Frame of Nationality" four forms of implicature were held which contained the message of da'wah. The form of the impilator is 1) the implicature in the form of a faith message, 2) the implication in the form of sharia or worship, 2) the implication in the form of a moral message, and 4) the imature in the form of a national message.


The paper encompasses a design conception for combined embedded device security to be applied within the development process of protection mechanisms for systems and services of complex security on rail transport. A model and technique proposed are intended for configuring embedded device security components developed taking into consideration expert knowledge in the embedded security field. The goal of the configuration process is to find a security configuration that meets all necessary security requirements and constraints of the device platform, satisfies set resource consumption criteria and does not contain known types of security component inconsistencies.


A study was carried out to develop methods for reduction of defects in SIMOX (Separation of silicon by IMplantation of OXygen) material. Reduction of threading dislocations was demonstrated by utilizing multiple implant/anneal cycle and by misfit dislocations formed at the interface of Si1-xGex/Si heterostructure grown onto SIMOX substrate. The former method can reduce threading dislocations to less than 105 cm-2 in 0.1 µm silicon on insulator (SOI) and the latter method to 4×107 cm-2 in 3.1 µm SOI from approximately 109 cm -2. To reduce oxide precipitates, two-step anneal was adopted: hydrogen ambient anneal at 850°C followed by standard inert ambient anneal at 1250°C. The oxygen bump seen in an oxygen depth profile of superficial silicon layer was almost eliminated. Linewidth of Raman scattering spectra was also improved from 4.45 cm-1 by conventional anneal to 4.19 cm-1 by this technique.


The article in question tries to help the reflections on the contemporary condition of elderly people. Seeks to build on the theoretical emergence of the elderly as a population group prominent in Brazil's demographic configuration (check the IBGE and IPEA on the subject) and theoretical elements that allow the analysis of the reproduction process of urban space associated with the human aging process. Mechanisms and resources used mainly by Geography, so far fail to clearly analyze the entire lifetime achievement of individuals trying to survive at all costs against the limits of their condition. It is through the analysis of everyday life that the topic of aging assumes a certain centrality in the process of reproduction of urban space and life. Human aging is presented as a key, a kind of category of analysis and interpretation of modern urban condition. Descritores: Envelhecimento, Urbano, Geografia.


An ultrafast Ti:Sapphire laser and a Sagnac interferometer are combined for optical detection of ultrasound. Distinct spatial positions are probed simultaneously by different wavelengths within the broadband laser. Ultrasonic signals from each probe position are derived from the spectrum of the reflected light. The same single-mode fiber delivers incident and reflected light. A one-dimensional receive array is demonstrated by measuring the acoustic field of a spherically focused piezoelectric transducer. This is a promising form of parallel detection for miniaturized high-frequency ultrasonic arrays.


This paper extends the growing body of research in the area of sales training evaluation by proposing a three-stage model that allows sales managers to determine: (1) training needs for salespersons; (2) training impact on trainees; and (3) training impact on the firm. When all three assessment stages are utilized to plan and evaluate sales training, sales managers can plan training interventions that are aligned with the firm's strategic focus, identify training failures, make continuous improvements, and compute the value of training. As a result, the proposed model offers both sales managers and academicians with a simplified, yet comprehensive, tool for making training assessment decisions. The paper also provides implications for sales managers, discusses assessment research challenges, and proposes a future research agenda.


In this paper a novel synthesizer has been shown which is optimized for secondary radar systems. It is based on a fractional-N phase-locked loop. Additional circuitry is necessary to generate the frequency ramp and minimize the associated spurs. The synthesizer has been implemented in a 0.18um SiGe BiCMOS process. Measurement results showed its suitability for high performance local positioning systems.


The wind pressure coefficient is essential for calculating the wind loads on greenhouses. The wind pressure on single-span arched greenhouses built in valleys differs from those in plain regions. To promote our understanding of wind characteristics and ensure the structural safety of greenhouses in valley areas, an analysis of the distribution law of wind pressure on greenhouses is required. Firstly, we carried out a survey on greenhouse distribution and undulate terrain distribution near greenhouses in Tibet and measured the air density in Lhasa, Tibet. Then, employing the validated realizable k-ε turbulence model and the verification of grid independence, the wind pressure on greenhouses with different greenhouse azimuths was investigated. According to the survey results, values, such as the distance between the greenhouse and the mountain in addition to the greenhouse azimuth, were also obtained for calculating the wind pressure on greenhouses placed in valleys. A calculation model considering the relationship between the mountain distance and the wind pressure coefficient is proposed, whose results fit well with the results from computational fluid dynamics. The relative errors between the two different results are within 15%. Research shows that there is a canyon wind effect in the valley area, and its effect on wind pressure should be considered in greenhouse design. This research is valuable for the design of plastic greenhouses built in Tibet or other valley regions.


Researchers have been interested in the development and application of switched reluctance motors (SRM). In spite of their simple construction, the mathematical analysis of the steady-state and transient behaviour of machines is very complicated. Scientific discussions are carried out in many respects, e.g. related to the useful or detrimental character of magnetic saturation in this case. The accuracy of results achieved by the applied mathematical procedure is not satisfactory in every respect. The model of SRM drives on the basis of MICRO-CAP III CAD program is shown.<<ETX>>


Goodier and Bishop established that there is a "critical" incident angle that a train of Sv waves makes with the traction‐free surface of an elastic half‐space and that as the incident angle passes through this critical value from above, the reflected P wave passes through grazing incidence and emerges as a surface wave. In this paper, study is made of the fate of a train of Sv waves on striking the plane interface between two elastic materials. It is found that there are five critical angles associated with such a wave and the emerging wave which passes through grazing incidence corresponding to each angle is transformed into a surface wave. The wave is like a Rayleigh wave in that the magnitude of motions accompanying it decay exponentially away from the interface, particle motions have an elliptical orbit, and the wave travels with a constant phase velocity. The wave is unlike a Rayleigh wave in that its velocity is not the velocity of Rayleigh waves and, in fact, depends on the incident angle. The met...


This study presents the analysis of lean management implementation in construction sector.The construction industry in Malaysia currently shows decline in productivity.
By applying lean concept in construction, it could assist the construction company to be able to facilitate delivery process.The objective of this research is to identify the obstacles to implement lean management in construction projects and which lean tools and techniques applicable in construction as well as to explore how five lean principles could improve the construction productivity.A qualitative method was used which
involved in depth interview as the main instrument for the study.The finding is the main barrier to lean implementation is lack of knowledge about lean management.Lean principles, tools and techniques could improve the productivity of construction.The contribution of lean management in construction industry enables to provide non value added during the process, reduce costs and satisfy the customer.However, lean management in construction is still new in Malaysia and limited application in construction project. It is recommended that future study to establish the possibility of the adoption of the lean production concept and principles in the construction in
Malaysia and determine the specific lean tools and techniques use in different construction project associate with benefit of implement lean.


Recently developed appearance descriptors offer the opportunity for efficient and robust facial expression recognition. In this paper we investigate the merits of the family of local binary pattern descriptors for FACS Action-Unit (AU) detection. We compare Local Binary Patterns (LBP) and Local Phase Quantisation (LPQ) for static AU analysis. To encode facial expression dynamics, we extend the purely spatial representation LPQ to a dynamic texture descriptor which we call Local Phase Quantisation from Three Orthogonal Planes (LPQ-TOP), and compare this with the Local Binary Patterns from Three Orthogonal Planes (LBP-TOP). The efficiency of these descriptors is evaluated by a fully automatic AU detection system and tested on posed and spontaneous expression data collected from the MMI and SEMAINE databases. Results show that the systems based on LPQ achieve higher accuracy rate than those using LBP, and that the systems that utilise dynamic appearance descriptors outperform those that use static appearance descriptors. Overall, our proposed LPQ-TOP method outperformed all other tested methods.


The arch or inverted arch signals are characterizing patterns of the Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia. The ability of any model in generating these patterns can be a good criteria for their selection. We show that using the tidal volume signal as the input of the model, an alternative to the IPFM can be proposed. The relevance of our model is shown with synthesized and real signals.


EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES for emergency nurse practitioners (ENPs) have never been better. Over the past few years, they have been sought and recruited by acute NHS trusts for emergency departments, community trusts managing minor injury and urgent care services, and ambulance trusts. Some NHS trusts in England have been offering attractive relocation packages, along with other incentives, to attract good calibre ENPs. Locum recruitment agencies specialising in ENPs and general practice nurse practitioners offer aboveaverage pay rates for nurses who are willing to travel. It is interesting to note that the ENP role has become so critical to healthcare organisations that, when ENP vacancies are not filled, clinical services can be thrown into chaos. I know of one community trust in the south of England that recently has been using locum middle-grade emergency medical practitioners to replace elusive ENPs. This represents a complete reversal from two decades ago, when one of the early drivers for ENPs was a shortfall in medical staffing, particularly senior house officers, now known as medical trainees. The value for money that ENPs represent is outstanding. Colleagues in trusts that provide nurse-led minor injury and urgent care services have told me that the use of locum medical practitioners not only costs more than that of ENPs, but that when it comes to standard wound management, plastering and medicines administration, not to mention care and compassion, locums are left floundering. As a rule, NHS trusts that appreciate and appropriately reward nurses and ENPs, financially as well as by investing in their professional development, tend to have fewer significant recruitment issues.


We discuss here the nature of a rich zoo of knots, filaments, jets and jet-like systems, located—in terms of morphology and kinematics—either inside or outside the main nebular bodies of planetary nebulae (PNe). These features are low-ionization structures (LISs) especially prominent in [N II] and other low-ionization line emission, which are usually smaller than the main morphological components of the PNe (spherical and elliptical shells, bipolar lobes, and haloes). We have recently shown that LISs are equally spread amongst all morphological classes of PNe (Gonçalves, Corradi, & Mampaso 2001). In order to understand the nature of LISs in PNe, one deals mainly with the following key questions: (i) Are magnetic fields—either in single or binary stars—necessary for producing jets in PNe? (ii) Which processes can produce multiple systems of highly collimated outflows that sometimes expand in directions almost perpendicular to each other? (iii) How do low-velocity collimated LISs form? (iv) Are symmetrical pairs of knots the result of recent ejecta from the central stars, or are they fossil condensations tracing a peculiar massloss geometry during the AGB phase? (v) Are nonsymmetrical LISs formed by in situ instabilities? In what follows we briefly summarize our answers to these questions, obtained from a detailed comparison between the morphology and kinematics of LISs and the model predictions (Gonçalves et al. 2001).


OBJECTIVES/SCOPE: This abstract will describe the evolution of a traditional occupational health group into a department that supports Shell's strategy and improves business outcomes by intentionally focusing on care and human performance. Program details and learnings will be shared, as well as quantitative results demonstrating the positive impact of Health on the business.
 METHODS/PROCEDURES: Shell Health was historically a traditional occupational health group, performing fitness-to-work, return-to-work, and medical surveillance exams. Over the past two decades, there was additional focus on weight loss and weight maintenance. In more recent years, Shell Health broadened to a more holistic approach to health, including psychological and emotional wellbeing, and introduced its new strategy entitled Human Performance and Care (HP&C). HP&C optimizes the capabilities of individuals, teams and businesses to be at our best, even in the face of great uncertainty and stress. Formal programs focusing on Resilience and Care for People (CfP) have been developed, along with analytic strategies tying HP&C to business outcomes.
 RESULTS/OBSERVATIONS/CONCLUSIONS: The Resilience Program has reported a positive association between Resilience and Employee Engagement (p=0.04), Inclusion (p<0.001), and Thriving (p=0.05) consistently across the past several years, as measured by the annual Shell People Survey. Internal Shell data have also shown a strong correlation between Engagement and safety performance; a 10-point increase in Engagement is correlated with a 30-40% decrease in the number of safety incidents.
 CfP uses a 15-question index that is analyzed to determine its association with Engagement, safety, and other business outcomes of interest. We have seen improved safety performance measured by Total Recordable Case Frequency (TRCF target was 0.80, attained 0.75). Significantly higher Hands on Tools Time, a marker of productivity, was demonstrated in CfP compared to non-CfP projects (67% vs. 32%, p<0.05) . Top-quartile Engagement (over 85%) and productivity were achieved in CfP projects globally.
 In addition, we have collaborated to integrate HP&C with parts of our business such as Real Estate, Contracting and Procurement, Safety Leadership and Shell Learning. We have reached senior leaders across the organization, with HP&C incorporated into long-term business strategies globally. Overall, we have demonstrated that a holistic approach to health will lead to improved business outcomes and a high performing organization.
 NEW OR ADDED INFORMATION TO EXISTING LITERATURE: Shell Health is the first in the oil and gas industry to recognize the opportunity to improve human performance through the science of care. HP&C addresses the core needs of humans as a way to optimize human performance while improving business outcomes such as engagement, safety and productivity.